Relevant bibliographies by topics / Diversity of nature

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Diversity of nature'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Diversity of nature"

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Knutson, L. "On the Diversity of Nature and the Nature of Diversity." Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 35, no. 4 (December 1, 1989): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/besa/35.4.7.

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Ginsberg, Joshua R., and Andrew Balmford. "Mapping the diversity of nature." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 10, no. 9 (September 1995): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(95)91055-7.

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Domingues, Vera. "Diversity in nature and academia." Nature Ecology & Evolution 5, no. 4 (March 1, 2021): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01415-1.

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Khakh, Baljit S., and Benjamin Deneen. "The Emerging Nature of Astrocyte Diversity." Annual Review of Neuroscience 42, no. 1 (July 8, 2019): 187–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050443.

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Astrocytes are morphologically complex, ubiquitous cells that are viewed as a homogeneous population tiling the entire central nervous system (CNS). However, this view has been challenged in the last few years with the availability of RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, morphological reconstruction, and imaging data. These studies suggest that astrocytes represent a diverse population of cells and that they display brain area– and disease–specific properties and functions. In this review, we summarize these observations, emphasize areas where clear conclusions can be made, and discuss potential unifying themes. We also identify knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in order to exploit astrocyte diversity as a biological phenomenon of physiological relevance in the CNS. We thus provide a summary and a perspective on astrocyte diversity in the vertebrate CNS.
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Chaika, Yurii, and Oleksandr Kusnezh. "Species diversity of bats in the Skole Beskids National Nature Park." Theriologia Ukrainica 2018, no. 16 (September 25, 2018): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pts2018.16.105.

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Chisick, Harvey. "Human Nature, Cultural Diversity and the Enlightenment." International Studies in Philosophy 25, no. 1 (1993): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/intstudphil1993251116.

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Caron, David A., and Sarah K. Hu. "Are We Overestimating Protistan Diversity in Nature?" Trends in Microbiology 27, no. 3 (March 2019): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2018.10.009.

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Plotkin, Henry. "Human nature, cultural diversity and evolutionary theory." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1563 (February 12, 2011): 454–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0160.

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Incorporating culture into an expanded theory of evolution will provide the foundation for a universal account of human diversity. Two requirements must be met. The first is to see learning as an extension of the processes of evolution. The second is to understand that there are specific components of human culture, viz. higher order knowledge structures and social constructions, which give rise to culture as invented knowledge. These components, which are products of psychological processes and mechanisms, make human culture different from the forms of shared knowledge observed in other species. One serious difficulty for such an expanded theory is that social constructions may not add to the fitness of all humans exposed to them. This may be because human culture has existed for only a relatively short time in evolutionary terms. Or it may be that, as some maintain, adaptation is a limited, even a flawed, aspect of evolutionary theory.
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V.S., Shkodzinskiy, and Beskrovanov V.V. "Nature of diversity of diamonds in kimberlites." Zapiski RMO (Proceedings of the Russian Mineralogical Society) 148, no. 4 (2019): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30695/zrmo/2019.1484.08.

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Hayward, E. S. "THE NATURE-CULTURE DIVIDE; OR, TRANSDISCIPLINING DIVERSITY." GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 11, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10642684-11-2-322.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diversity of nature"

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Eskew, Paul. "Textural Diversity." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1259.

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The sculptures I create reflect the elements of the natural world such as trees, the lumpy bush, clumps of turf. They have imperfect yet fascinating textures, picturesque in form, seemingly fractal in design, working together harmoniously to serve the aesthetic. My sculptures, like these natural shapes, are heavy or thicker toward the bottom and lighter toward the top, like a tree or stone. I strive to echo the mercurial, the animated natural surfaces, and the enticing vignettes one would experience on a woodland stroll.
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Thiele, Wiebke [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller. "How nature directs diversity: investigation of selective phenol-coupling enzymes in ascomycetes." Freiburg : Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1236500237/34.

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D'Arcy, N. "Exploring the nature and diversity of microorganisms in healthcare and educational settings." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1426614/.

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Many human populations spend approximately 90 % of their time indoors, yet relatively little is known about the microbial communities associated with indoor environments. This is despite knowledge that these microorganisms can contribute to adverse health effects, including the acquisition of healthcare-associated infections, which cause significant morbidity and mortality. The concept of the ‘indoor microbiome’ is relatively new and to date, few studies have been field-based, systematic and long-term. Hospitals in particular, are unique environments which have been shown to drive microbial evolutionary processes as they contain a different sub-set of the human population. The study of the hospital microbiome could have important implications for healthcare and infection control. This thesis explores a range of methods for investigating microorganisms in different indoor environments, including a classroom and outpatient’s waiting areas and wards in a hospital. Results show that the classroom is much more heavily contaminated in terms of total viable counts (TVCs) of bacteria recovered than the hospital environment. This was thought to be attributed to the absence of a strict cleaning regime in the classroom. High-touch items were less contaminated than other objects, likely due to them being obvious cleaning targets. Potential pathogens, including a number of Enterobacteriaceae were cultured from the classroom, outpatient’s waiting area and ward. Virus nucleic acid was recovered from an outpatient’s area, including norovirus and rotavirus RNA. Adenovirus DNA was frequently isolated throughout a 3 month screening protocol and there appeared to be evidence to suggest that a viral marker may be more appropriate than TVCs for identifying viral contamination. Human-associated bacteria were found to be dominant on a hospital ward over a 12 month longitudinal screening study and the presence of numerous bacterial taxa, which may be of concern in the context of paediatrics and immunodeficient patients, was also demonstrated.
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Albert, Laura. "Redefining Suburbia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85614.

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Suburban housing is a building type and form of development that has been neglected by many architects. Architects are responsible for designing only two percent of suburban residences. This means that the profession has largely ceded the best opportunity to be relevant and useful to ordinary people. The name itself, sub-urban, implies that the suburbs are less than or secondary to the urban typology. Suburban can also be used as an adjective to describe something which is dull and ordinary. And yet, more and more people continue to move to the suburbs each year. Since 1970, a greater percentage of the population has lived in the suburbs than in central cities or rural areas. This thesis examines why people want to live in the suburbs and the impact of suburban development on the economy, the environment and social institutions. The conclusions of this investigation are then used to redefine the current concept of suburbia as it relates to nature, community and diversity. These concepts are in turn incorporated into a prototype for a suburban housing development. The prototype is a 38 unit residential housing development on a 2-acre wooded site in a suburb 16 miles west of Washington, DC.
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Wale, Kim. "A history of the present : recognizing the complex and shifting nature of racism and resistance in the life narratives of the Khayelitsha Internal Forces." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8114.

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This research attempts to represent and analyze the life-story narratives of a group of five former anti-apartheid combatants. Narratives were collected from a total often, in-depth, life-history interviews with five former-members of the Khayelitsha Internal Forces. The Internal Forces represent a group of ex-combatants who were operating in the Western Cape as a para-military Self Defense Unit (SOU) during the 1986-1994 period of popular township revolt. The first stage of analysis consists of five re-constructed summaries of each of the participant's narratives with a particular focus on common themes running through the experience of childhood to the experience of joining the internal forces.
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Alfaro, Lucas Joan Manel. "Influence of hydrothermal activity and substrata nature on faunal colonization processes in the deep sea." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0089.

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Quatre décennies après leur découverte, nous savons maintenant que les sources hydrothermales sont répandues, diversifiées et dynamiques et qu’elles interagissent avec d’autres écosystèmes des grands fonds marins. Face aux potentiels impacts anthropiques qui pèsent sur les environnements hydrothermaux, il devient essentiel d’avoir une meilleure compréhension des processus qui façonnent la biodiversité de ces écosystèmes et de leurs interactions avec d’autres écosystèmes. Les processus structurant l'élaboration des communautés et contrôlant les interactions entre les habitats actifs, la périphérie et les communautés liées aux bois, ont été étudiés grâce à une vaste expérience de colonisation à 1700 m de profondeur sur le champ hydrothermal Lucky Strike (nord de la dorsale médio-Atlantique). Un cadre d’analyse moderne et multifacettes, basé sur la richesse spécifique, les traits fonctionnels et les isotopes stables, a été appliqué. Les résultats ont montré que les sites actifs supportent une richesse fonctionnelle plus élevée que les habitats périphériques.En outre, la diversité spécifique et fonctionnelle des habitats périphériques était très hétérogène, ce qui suggère qu’ils pourraient être particulièrement vulnérables aux impacts liés à l'exploitation minière. Les redondances fauniques et les liens énergétiques observés suggèrent que, plutôt que d'être des entités séparées, les habitats actifs et périphériques semblent être interconnectés. Les conditions environnementales et la présence de différentes ressources ont été identifiées comme étant les principaux facteurs influençant la biodiversité et la structure des communautés. Le rôle des bois en tant que potentielles « pierres de gué » pour la dispersion de la méio- et la macrofaune, non seulement pour les habitants des sources hydrothermales mais aussi pour ceux de la périphérie, est validé. Les résultats de cette thèse améliorent significativement notre compréhension des processus qui structurent les communautés associées aux sources hydrothermales et aux autres écosystèmes chimiosynthétiques dans les grands fonds marins et pourraient avoir des implications importantes dans l’élaboration de stratégies de protection dans le cadre d’éventuelles activités industrielles
Four decades after their discovery, we know now that deep-sea hydrothermal vents are widespread, diverse and dynamic, and interact with other chemosynthetic-based and background ecosystems. In the face of potential imminent anthropogenic impacts, more than ever the understanding of the processes that shape vent biodiversity, in its multiple facets, and the interactions with other systems is of paramount importance. The early processes driving community assembly and interactions between hydrothermally active habitats, vent periphery and cognate communities, namely wood falls, were investigated with an extensive colonizing experiment at 1700 m depth onthe Lucky Strike vent field (northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge). A modern multifaceted framework of community assembly based on species richness, functional traits and stable isotopes was applied. Results showed that vent ecosystems support higher functional richness that background peripheral habitats.The latter were highly heterogeneous and unique in species and functions suggesting that they may be especially vulnerable to impacts, such as deep-sea mining. The observed faunal overlap and energy links suggest that rather than being separate entities, active and peripheral habitats may be considered as interconnected. Environmental conditions and the presence of different resources at vent, periphery and wood habitats, were identified as main drivers of biodiversity patterns and community structure. The roleof woods in the deep-sea as potential stepping stones for meio- and macrofauna, not only for “vent” but for periphery inhabitants, is validated. The results of this thesis significantly improve our understanding of vent and chemosynthetic communities and may haveimplications for their protection from industrial activities
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Damon, Coralie. "Impact de la nature du couvert végétal sur la diversité taxonomique et fonctionnelle des champignons symbiotiques et des microorganismes eucaryotes associés." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10061.

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Au sein des sols forestiers, la richesse taxonomique et le rôle des microorganismes eucaryotes (en grande partie des champignons) restent encore largement méconnus. L’espèce d’arbre est un des facteurs qui structurent les communautés de ces microorganismes. Nous avons étudié l’impact de l’essence forestière (hêtre et épicéa) sur la diversité taxonomique et fonctionnelle de ces communautés par une approche métatranscriptomique et une approche biochimique (focalisée sur les champignons ectomycorhiziens). Nous avons montré un effet de la séquence étudiée (ADNr 18S, ADNc) sur la distribution taxonomique des communautés et développé un nouveau marqueur moléculaire mitochondrial pour l’étude des communautés de champignons métaboliquement actifs. L’identification de gènes d’intérêt écologique et industriel par séquençage systématique des banques métatranscriptomiques ainsi que l’identification fonctionnelle d’une nouvelle famille de transporteursmembranaires montrent l’intérêt de l’approche métatranscriptomique. L’approche biochimique a consisté en un dosage à haut débit, sur des extrémités racinaires ectomycorhizés, d’activités enzymatiques liées à la dégradation de la matière organique et à la mobilisation de l’azote et du phosphore du sol. L’ensemble de ces approches a permis de montrer un impact de l’essence forestière sur la nature des espèces présentes plutôt que sur la richesse taxonomique et une préférence d’hôte de certains groupes fongiques ectomycorhiziens. L’approche biochimique a montré une redondance fonctionnelle importante pour certaines activités enzymatiques tandis qu’une autre activité enzymatique était spécifique d’un groupe taxonomique fongique
In forest soils, taxonomic richness and functional diversity of eukaryotic microorganisms (mainly Fungi) remain largely unknowned. Tree species is one of the main factors that structure eukaryotic microbial communities. We have studied the impact of tree species (beech and spruce) on taxonomic and functional diversity of these communities by using a metatranscriptomic approach and a biochemical one focusing on ectomycorrhizal fungi. We showed an effet of different sequences (18S rDNA, cDNA) on taxonomic composition of eukaryotic microbial communities and we developped anew mitochondrial molecular marker for the study of metabolically active fungal communities. Identification of ecologically and industrially important genes by the shotgun sequencing of metatranscriptomic libraries and also identification of a new family of transmembrane transporter demonstrate the great potential of the metatranscriptomic approach. The biochemical approachconsisted in a multiple enzymatic test carried out on ectomycorrhizal roots, of enzyme activities linked to organic matter degradation and phosphorus and nitrogen mobilization. All these approaches revealed an impact of tree species on the microbial species composition but not on taxonomic richness and also host preference for some ectomycorrhizal taxonomic groups. The biochemical approach showed a high functional redundancy for some enzyme activities while one activity was very specific of an ectomycorrhizal taxonomic group
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Ei, Thandar Bol. "Effects of forest disturbances on edaphic factors and tree community structure of tropical evergreen forest; a case study in Kyaik Htee Yoo Nature Reserve Forest, Mon State, Myanmar." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/228246.

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Martin, Anaëlle. "L'instrumentalisation du principe de subsidiarité, un révélateur de la nature juridique de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAA001.

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Du fait de son ambiguïté fondatrice, de ses connotations politiques et de son caractère relativement récent, le principe de subsidiarité, expressément consacré dans l’ordre juridique de l’Union européenne par le traité de Maastricht, fait l’objet d’une instrumentalisation par de nombreux acteurs à des fins souvent contradictoires mais néanmoins cohérentes avec la nature juridique de l’Union. Si à l’évidence, sa consécration dans le droit primaire visait, à l’instar de celle du principe de proportionnalité, à rassurer les États membres et les citoyens européens de ce que l’action de l’Union se limiterait au strict nécessaire, le principe de subsidiarité était cependant porteur d’une charge quelque peu subversive en raison de sa dynamique potentiellement ascendante et de sa signification implicitement fédérale. Appliquer la subsidiarité, pour les institutions européennes qui sont les gardiennes de son respect, revient presque toujours à justifier l’intervention de l’Union au regard des objectifs de l’action envisagée et, partant, à disqualifier l’action des échelons inférieurs. Pour autant, et de façon assez paradoxale, l’instrumentalisation de la subsidiarité ne s’inscrit pas tant dans une dimension fédérale que fonctionnelle tant il est vrai que le fédéralisme cherche à promouvoir des valeurs comme l’autonomie et la diversité, ce que la subsidiarité, malgré les apparences, ne permet pas de garantir. Présentée comme un instrument de fédéralisation de l’Union européenne, la subsidiarité n’est, en réalité, qu’un instrument d’intégration puisqu’elle n’a jamais su s’extraire de la matrice fonctionnaliste qui caractérise la construction européenne depuis toujours
Due to its founding ambiguity, its political connotations and its relatively recent character, the principle of subsidiarity, expressly enshrined in the legal order of the European Union by the Treaty of Maastricht, is being instrumentalized by many actors for purposes that are often contradictory but nevertheless consistent with the legal nature of the European Union. While its consecration inprimary law, like that of the principle of proportionality, was obviously intended to reassure Member States and European citizens and ensure that the Union's action would be limited to what is necessary, the principle of subsidiarity was nevertheless some what subversive because of its potentially ascending dynamic and its implicitly federal content. Applying subsidiarity, for the European institutions which are the guardians of its observance, almost always means justifying the Union's intervention with regard to the objectives of the envisaged action and, therefore, disqualifying action by the lower levels of government. Paradoxically, however, the instrumentalization of the principle of subsidiarity is not so much « federal » as « functional », since federalism seeks to promote values such as autonomy and diversity, which subsidiarity, despite appearances, does not guarantee. Usually presented as an instrument of federalization of the European Union, the principle of subsidiarity is in reality an instrument of integration since it has never been able to extricate itself from the functionalist matrix that has always characterized the construction of Europe
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Thondhlana, Gladman, and Juliette V. Lagesse. "The effect of land-use on small mammal diversity inside and outside the Great Fish River Nature Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Elsevier B.V, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67823.

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This study investigated small mammal species diversity at 10 paired contrast sites along a fence line inside and outside the Great Fish River Nature Reserve (GFRNR), Eastern Cape, South Africa. The sites outside the GFRNR are used for subsistence land-based activities including livestock production and fuelwood harvesting. From 145 live captures, a total of 114 unique individuals of five small mammal species (four rodents and one elephant shrew) were recorded over 1170 trap nights. Average small mammal species diversity and abundance were significantly higher inside the reserve than outside. Human activities such as livestock grazing seemed to explain low levels of small mammal diversity and abundance at the communal sites. Vegetation variables showed a complex interplay with small mammal diversity. In general, high vegetation diversity had a positive influence on small mammal diversity though the influence of some environmental variables was species-dependent. We conclude that the GFRNR is effective in protecting small mammals but the findings raise questions around the influence of land use practices such as livestock grazing on biodiversity, especially given that local communities in South Africa are continuously seeking greater access to reserves for livestock grazing and other provisioning services.
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Books on the topic "Diversity of nature"

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Miller, Ronald I. Mapping the Diversity of Nature. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994.

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Miller, Ronald I., ed. Mapping the Diversity of Nature. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0719-8.

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Cook, Laurence Martin. Genetic and evolutionary diversity: The sport of nature. 2nd ed. Cheltenham, Glos., U.K: Stanley Thornes, 1999.

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Cook, Laurence Martin. Genetic and ecological diversity: The sport of nature. London: Chapman & Hall, 1991.

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Anton, Danilo J. Diversity, globalization, and the ways of nature. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 1995.

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Elliot, Karstadt, ed. Governing diversities: Democracy, diversity and human nature. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012.

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Dealing in diversity: America's market for nature conservation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Wilson, Edward Osborne. Nature revealed: Selected writings, 1949-2006. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.

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Wilson, Edward Osborne. Nature revealed: Selected writings, 1949-2006. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.

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The chosen primate: Human nature and cultural diversity. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Diversity of nature"

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Nevo, Eviatar. "Genetic Diversity in Nature." In Evolutionary Biology, 217–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1043-3_6.

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Sutton, Philip W. "Postmodernity, Poststructuralism and Ecological Diversity." In Nature, Environment and Society, 154–72. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-21244-2_9.

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Dagley†, Stanley. "Chemical Unity and Diversity in Bacterial Catabolism." In Bacteria in Nature, 259–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0803-4_4.

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Mattheck, Claus. "Unity in Diversity: Design Target and Realization." In Design in Nature, 221–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58747-4_18.

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Reynolds, Chevonne, Marcus J. Byrne, Dan E. Chamberlain, Caroline G. Howes, Colleen L. Seymour, Petra Sumasgutner, and Peter J. Taylor. "Urban Animal Diversity in the Global South." In Cities and Nature, 169–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67650-6_7.

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Malik, Shamita, Sunil Kumar Khatri, and Dolly Sharma. "Analysing the Genetic Diversity of Commonly Occurring Diseases." In Nature Inspired Computing, 37–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6747-1_5.

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Pugh, Justin K., L. B. Soros, and Kenneth O. Stanley. "Searching for Quality Diversity When Diversity is Unaligned with Quality." In Parallel Problem Solving from Nature – PPSN XIV, 880–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45823-6_82.

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Ursem, Rasmus K. "Diversity-Guided Evolutionary Algorithms." In Parallel Problem Solving from Nature — PPSN VII, 462–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45712-7_45.

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Svoboda, Vladimír. "The Nature and Diversity of Rules." In From Rules to Meanings, 261–77. 1 [edition]. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge studies in contemporary philosophy ; 103: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315103587-14.

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Sullivan, Diane M., and Bari Bendell. "Exploring the Gendered Nature of Digital Social Networks." In Exploring Diversity in Entrepreneurship, 69–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43453-3_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Diversity of nature"

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Osborne, M. "The Nature and Diversity of Overpressure Transition Zones." In 57th EAEG Meeting. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201409755.

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Radha Thangaraj, Millie Pant, and Ajith Abraham. "A new diversity guided particle swarm optimization with mutation." In 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393723.

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Popov, George, and Kamelia Raynova. "Diversity in nature and technology — Tool for increase the reliability of systems." In 2017 15th International Conference on Electrical Machines, Drives and Power Systems (ELMA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/elma.2017.7955487.

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Solteiro Pires, E. J., J. A. Tenreiro Machado, and P. B. de Moura Oliveira. "Diversity study of multi-objective genetic algorithm based on Shannon entropy." In 2014 Sixth World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2014.6921898.

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Ryabinina, Natalia. "Preserving of Landscape Diversity in Steppe Zone of Southeast of Russian Plain." In IV International Scientific and Practical Conference 'Anthropogenic Transformation of Geospace: Nature, Economy, Society' (ATG 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.200202.052.

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McCullar, Katie S., Preston C. Rhodes, S. Austin Underhill, and Jacquelyn K. S. Nagel. "Application of Bio-Inspired Design to Minimize Material Diversity." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59684.

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Bio-inspired design, or biomimicry, is an approach to innovation that takes nature’s time-tested patterns, forms, functions, processes, and materials and uses them to develop engineering solutions. In this project we take inspiration from biological morphologies to develop new forms for semi-recyclable products. Biological systems exhibit multi-functionality from form, not necessarily material, which offers inspiration for product life-cycle management. The goal is to better understand the connection between form and function as found in nature to enable sustainable product design and enhance additive manufacturing processes. Through the application of bio-inspired design product recyclability is increased through minimization of material diversity while still achieving desired functions. One inspiring biological morphology that has been utilized across multiple biological kingdoms and in this research is variations in hardness and flexibility found in alternating layers that are used to provide strength, durability and protection. Another inspiring morphology considered in this research is the backbone of water-diving birds, which consists of an intricately braided spine with parallel holes along each side. These holes allow for shock absorbance and force dispersion. These multi-function forms have resulted in the redesign of a semi-recyclable product fabricated using additive manufacturing to create a product that is made from a single material yet still achieves all necessary functions. Key contributions of this research include approaches for additive manufacturing strategies such as material utilization that align with a product’s life cycle, thus increasing the recyclability of the product.
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Maitra, Dipankar, Sera Markoff, Catherine Brocksopp, Reba M. Bandyopadhyay, Stefanie Wachter, Dawn Gelino, and Christopher R. Gelino. "Unity in Diversity: Constraints on Jet∕Disk Geometry and Radiative Processes in Stellar Black Holes via Modeling Broadband SEDs." In A POPULATION EXPLOSION: The Nature & Evolution of X-ray Binaries in Diverse Environments. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2945099.

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Wei Zhao and Guang-ming Zhang. "Effect of Photosynthetic bacteria soybean wastewater treatment and diversity of microbial species under nature light - micro oxygen condition." In 2012 4th Electronic System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/estc.2012.6485651.

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Chibilyov (jr.), A. A., D. S. Meleshkin, and D. V. Grigorevsky. "CHARACTERISTICS OF INDICATORS OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN SPNA OF ASIAN RUSSIA STEPPE REGIONS." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-29.

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The analysis of the quantitative and area characteristics of the protected areas of the steppe regions of the Asian part of Russia is carried out, the specific of the nature reserve complex of each region is revealed, and the structure of protected plant and animal species in the studied regions is analyzed.
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Petrov, K. "ANALYSIS OF DESERTIFICATION TRENDS IN THE NORTH-WEST CASPIAN PLAIN." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1678.978-5-317-06490-7/69-73.

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The desertification of the North-Western Caspian plain controlled by the arid and humid rhythms of climate, nature landscapes Sarpinsky lowland and the Black lands, intensity of human activities. Trends in desertification are detected by monitoring the state of vegetation, lands and irrigation systems. It has been established that productivity and species diversity of natural vegetation must be strict regulation of pasture load, agriculture should be carried out with the use of modern farming practices, socio-economic development of the territory should regulate the system of environmental measures.
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Reports on the topic "Diversity of nature"

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Bridges, Todd, Jeffrey King, Johnathan Simm, Michael Beck, Georganna Collins, Quirijn Lodder, and Ram Mohan. International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41946.

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To deliver infrastructure that sustain our communities, economy, and environment, we must innovate, modernize, and even revolutionize our approach to infrastructure development. Change takes courage, but as one starts down the path of innovation, what was once novel becomes more familiar, more established. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is walking this path with our partners through the Engineering With Nature (EWN) Initiative, integrating human engineering with natural systems. The International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management are the next step toward revolutionary infrastructure development—a set of real-world guidelines to help familiarize us with what was once novel. USACE and collaborators around the world have been building, learning, and documenting the best practices for constructing Natural and Nature-Based Features (NNBF) for decades. The consolidation of these lessons into a single guidance document gives decision-makers and practitioners a much-needed resource to pursue, consider, and apply NNBF for flood risk management while expanding value through infrastructure. Relationships and partnerships are vital ingredients for innovation and progress. The NNBF Guidelines was achieved because of the strong relationships in the nature-based engineering community. The magnitude and diversity of contributors to the NNBF Guidelines have resulted in a robust resource that provides value beyond a single agency, sector, or nation. Similarly, the work of incorporating NNBF into projects will require us to strengthen our relationships across organizations, mandates, and missions to achieve resilient communities. I hope you are inspired by the collaborative achievement of the NNBF Guidelines and will draw from this resource to develop innovative solutions to current and future flood risk management challenges. There is a lot we can achieve together along the path of revolutionary infrastructure development.
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Keinan, Ehud. The 18th Asian Chemical Congress and the 20th General Assembly of the FACS. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00015.

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Most global challenges, including global warming, food for everybody, the race for sustainable energy, water quality, dwindling raw materials, and health problems, are chemical problems by nature. Therefore, Humankind cannot meet these challenges without the chemical sciences and will not solve any of these problems without global cooperation. Chemists have always been doing much better than politicians in meeting these challenges, working together across borders through unique collaboration and friendship. Despite fundamentally different political systems and cultural diversity, chemists go beyond borders, find each other, share their findings, and solve problems together.
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Raymer, D. F., and J. R. Biggs. Comparison of small mammal species diversity near wastewater outfalls, natural streams, and dry canyons. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10121827.

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Chisholm, Sally, Martin F. Polz, and Eric J. Alm. Final Report: DOE award: ER64516-1031199-0013966 2007-2011 Genomic Structure, Metagenomics, Horizontal Gene Transfer, and Natural Diversity of Prochlorococcus and Vibrio. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1089668.

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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research.  Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices.  Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed.  Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data.  Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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Broshot, Nancy. The Effects of Urbanization and Human Disturbance Upon Plant Community Structure and Bird Species Richness, Diversity, and Abundance in a Natural Forested Area (Forest Park) in Portland, Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5846.

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Crispin, Darla. Artistic Research as a Process of Unfolding. Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.503395.

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As artistic research work in various disciplines and national contexts continues to develop, the diversity of approaches to the field becomes ever more apparent. This is to be welcomed, because it keeps alive ideas of plurality and complexity at a particular time in history when the gross oversimplifications and obfuscations of political discourses are compromising the nature of language itself, leading to what several commentators have already called ‘a post-truth’ world. In this brutal environment where ‘information’ is uncoupled from reality and validated only by how loudly and often it is voiced, the artist researcher has a responsibility that goes beyond the confines of our discipline to articulate the truth-content of his or her artistic practice. To do this, they must embrace daring and risk-taking, finding ways of communicating that flow against the current norms. In artistic research, the empathic communication of information and experience – and not merely the ‘verbally empathic’ – is a sign of research transferability, a marker for research content. But this, in some circles, is still a heretical point of view. Research, in its more traditional manifestations mistrusts empathy and individually-incarnated human experience; the researcher, although a sentient being in the world, is expected to behave dispassionately in their professional discourse, and with a distrust for insights that come primarily from instinct. For the construction of empathic systems in which to study and research, our structures still need to change. So, we need to work toward a new world (one that is still not our idea), a world that is symptomatic of what we might like artistic research to be. Risk is one of the elements that helps us to make the conceptual twist that turns subjective, reflexive experience into transpersonal, empathic communication and/or scientifically-viable modes of exchange. It gives us something to work with in engaging with debates because it means that something is at stake. To propose a space where such risks may be taken, I shall revisit Gillian Rose’s metaphor of ‘the fold’ that I analysed in the first Symposium presented by the Arne Nordheim Centre for Artistic Research (NordART) at the Norwegian Academy of Music in November 2015. I shall deepen the exploration of the process of ‘unfolding’, elaborating on my belief in its appropriateness for artistic research work; I shall further suggest that Rose’s metaphor provides a way to bridge some of the gaps of understanding that have already developed between those undertaking artistic research and those working in the more established music disciplines.
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Matsuo, Hideko, and Koen Matthijs. The life course and subjective well-being across generations – an analysis based on cross-national surveys (2002–2016). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res4.2.

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This paper identifies subjective well-being trajectories through happiness measures as influenced by time, socio-economic, demographic and behavioural determinants. Hierarchical age-period-cohort models are applied to European Social Survey (2002–2016) data on the population aged 30 and older in 10 countries. A U-shaped relationship between age and happiness is found for some countries, but a rather flat pattern and considerable diversity beyond age 80 are detected for other countries. Lower happiness levels are found for baby boomers (1945–1964) than for preboomers and post-boomers, and also for late boomers (1955–1964) than for early boomers (1945–1954). Women, highly educated and native people are shown to have higher happiness levels than men, less educated and non-native people, respectively. Moreover, a positive assessment of income, having a partner, and being a parent, in good health, employed and socially active are all found to have a positive impact on happiness levels. We find evidence of gaps in happiness levels due to differences in socio-economic characteristics over the life course in some, but not in all of the countries analysed.
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Dodd, Hope, David Peitz, Gareth Rowell, Janice Hinsey, David Bowles, Lloyd Morrison, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Jefrey Williams. Protocol for Monitoring Fish Communities in Small Streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284726.

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Fish communities are an important component of aquatic systems and are good bioindicators of ecosystem health. Land use changes in the Midwest have caused sedimentation, erosion, and nutrient loading that degrades and fragments habitat and impairs water quality. Because most small wadeable streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) have a relatively small area of their watersheds located within park boundaries, these streams are at risk of degradation due to adjacent land use practices and other anthropogenic disturbances. Shifts in the physical and chemical properties of aquatic systems have a dramatic effect on the biotic community. The federally endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) and other native fishes have declined in population size due to habitat degradation and fragmentation in Midwest streams. By protecting portions of streams on publicly owned lands, national parks may offer refuges for threatened or endangered species and species of conservation concern, as well as other native species. This protocol describes the background, history, justification, methodology, data analysis and data management for long-term fish community monitoring of wadeable streams within nine HTLN parks: Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO), George Washington Carver National Monument (GWCA), Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (HEHO), Homestead National Monument of America (HOME), Hot Springs National Park (HOSP), Pea Ridge National Military Park (PERI), Pipestone National Monument (PIPE), Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (TAPR), and Wilson's Creek national Battlefield (WICR). The objectives of this protocol are to determine the status and long-term trends in fish richness, diversity, abundance, and community composition in small wadeable streams within these nine parks and correlate the long-term community data to overall water quality and habitat condition (DeBacker et al. 2005).
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Busby, Ryan, Thomas Douglas, Joshua LeMonte, David Ringelberg, and Karl Indest. Metal accumulation capacity in indigenous Alaska vegetation growing on military training lands. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41443.

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Permafrost thawing could increase soil contaminant mobilization in the environment. Our objective was to quantify metal accumulation capacities for plant species and functional groups common to Alaskan military training ranges where elevated soil metal concentrations were likely to occur. Plant species across multiple military training range sites were collected. Metal content in shoots and roots was compared to soil metal concentrations to calculate bioconcentration and translocation factors. On average, grasses accumulated greater concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn relative to forbs or shrubs, and bioconcentrated greater concentrations of Ni and Pb. Shrubs bioconcentrated greater concentrations of Sb. Translocation to shoots was greatest among the forbs. Three native plants were identified as candidate species for use in metal phytostabilization applications. Elymus macrourus, a grass, bioconcentrated substantial concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn in roots with low translocation to shoots. Elaeagnus commutata, a shrub, bioconcentrated the greatest amounts of Sb, Ni, and Cr, with a low translocation factor. Solidago decumbens bio-concentrated the greatest amount of Sb among the forbs and translocated the least amount of metals. A combination of forb, shrub, and grass will likely enhance phytostabilization of heavy metals in interior Alaska soils through increased functional group diversity.
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