Academic literature on the topic 'Dividend irrelevance theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dividend irrelevance theory"
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Shrestha, Sanjay. "Concept of Dividend Irrelevance Theory." Academic Voices: A Multidisciplinary Journal 3 (March 9, 2014): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v3i1.9988.
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This Article states that dividend policy does not affect the value of the firm. Their argument is that stack holder’s wealth is unaffected whether corporate profits are distributed or retained in the business. Their reasoning is that under an efficient market condition, a firm’s value is determined by its potential earning power and it does not affect the decision on how profits are to be split between dividends and retained earning. Therefore, as per M-M theory a firm’s value is independent of dividend policy.Academic Voices, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2013, Pages 46-49 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v3i1.9988
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M’rabet, Rachid, and Wiame Boujjat. "The Relationship Between Dividend Payments And Firm Performance: A Study Of Listed Companies In Morocco." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 4 (February 28, 2016): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n4p469.
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Many theories have been documented on the relevance and irrelevance of dividend policy. Authors continue to come up with various conclusions with regard to dividend policy from their empirical studies. This paper sought to examine the relationship between dividend policies and financial performance of selected listed firms in Morocco. Data were sourced through secondary means from the annual reports of the sampled quoted firms and was analyzed using panel data regression model. Two models were developed in an attempt to provide a theoretical explanation on the birds-in-hand dividend relevance theory and the Modigliani and Miller’s (MM) dividend irrelevance theory. The findings indicated that Dividend policy is an important factor affecting firm performance. Their relationship was also strong and positive. This therefore showed that dividend policy was relevant. It can be concluded, based on the findings of this research that dividend policy is relevant and that managers should devote adequate time in designing a dividend policy that will enhance firm performance and therefore shareholder value. Management of companies should also invest in projects that give positive Net Present Values, thereby generating huge earnings, which can be partly used to pay dividends to their equity shareholders.
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Philomina I, Udobi,, and Iyiegbuniwe, Wilfred I. "A Test of Miller and Modigliani Dividend Policy Irrelevance Theory in Nigerian Stock Market." American Finance & Banking Review 2, no. 2 (June 13, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/amfbr.v2i2.132.
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This study empirically tests for the validity of Miller and Modigliani’s dividend irrelevance proposition in the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). Secondary data were obtained from the Nigerian Stock Exchange fact book and firms’ annual audited financial statements for fifteen years (2001-2015). Mediation Analyses, was used to measure the direct and indirect effects of dividend on stock price. Correction of the anomalous use of current dividend and current earnings by the use of naive expectation of dividend and earnings revealed that the direct effect of expected dividend on share price is significant but the indirect effect of expected dividend on share price through earnings is not significant. The implication of these results is that expected dividend has its unique (direct) effect on share price beyond the effect on share price which it shares with expected earnings (indirect effect). This conclusion suggests that dividend policy is relevant in valuation of shares in NSE. It was therefore recommended that company management should treat dividend as an active corporate finance decision-making variable and should employ dividend in information signalling to capital market investors.
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Seyedimany, Arian. "Stock Price Reactions on NASDAQ Stock Exchange for Special Dividend Announcements." Emerging Science Journal 3, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2019-01200.
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Announcing dividend pay-out policy by a company will signals market firm’s future prospects and changes its stock prices according to dividend signalling theory. By analysis the effect of special dividend announcements for 5 companies listed in NASDAQ for the period of 2014-2018, this study investigates the stock price reactions to special dividend announcement for 40 days around the event and challenges dividend signalling theory. The empirical results calculated both in discrete and logarithmic forms. Only few disordered significant abnormal returns and average abnormal returns occurred according to the t-test. The results show that shareholders do not gain value from announcement of special dividend in NASDAQ stock exchange market. That Results indicated from adjusted market model in this research do not support dividend-signalling theory Hence do not confirm that the announcement of dividend has significant effect on price of shares. In general the results consistent with the Miller and Modigliani (1961) dividend irrelevance hypothesis.
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Shah, Ziaullah, Shehzad Khan, and Muhammad Faizan Malik. "The Impact of Dividend Policy on Stock Price Volatility in Pakistan." Global Regional Review IV, no. I (March 30, 2019): 506–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-i).54.
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The objective of this study is to inspect dividend policy influence on volatility of share prices. For investigation seven Non-financial segment/sectors have been selected. A sample of 137 firms who paid four dividend payments listed at PSX is analysed for the period of 2007-2017.Proxy for policy of dividend are earning per share, Payout ratio, dividend yield, while assets growth and firm size are taken as control variables. OLS regression model has been initially applied on panel data. The outcomes of fixed effect model are focused. Overall outcomes of the study confirmed that prices of stock is significantly influenced by policy of dividend and reject dividend irrelevance theory.
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Krylov, Sergey. "Company Dividend Policy Modeling: Neutral Approach." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n1p50.
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The article treats a concept of the formalized modeling of the dividend policy scores and company marketing performance scores derived (stock market position) within neutral dividend policy implementation approach conditions as an instrument of the scores analysis and forecasting. The methodology of the research consists of the Dividend Irrelevance theory, Dividend Policy Significance theory and sustainable company development concept. It has been stated that a formalized approach of the dividend policy implementation presumes a construction of the basic relevent scores models characterizing the company dividend policy and its marketing performance as Dividend Payout, Dividend Cover, expected Share Price, Dividend Yield, Price / Earnings Ratio (common stock price/earnings ratio). The formalized models of the scores mentioned are applicable for a forecast-analytical scores evaluation and their variances as well by estimating an impact of the models defining factors exercised by the appropriate factoring analysis method within the neutral dividend policy implementation approach conditions. The conclusion is drawn, that the formalized models of the dividend policy scores and company marketing performance scores derived, having been developed, are an effective instrument for their forecasting and analysis so that proactive decisions to manage the company dividend policy implementation within neutral approach conditions are ensured.
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Krylov, Sergey. "Company Dividend Policy Models: Neutral Approach." New Challenges in Accounting and Finance 3 (August 2020): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/ncaf.2020.03.04.
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The article treats a concept of the formalized modeling of the dividend policy scores and company marketing performance scores derived (stock market position) within neutral dividend policy implementation approach conditions as an instrument of the scores analysis and forecasting. The methodology of the research consists of the Dividend Irrelevance theory, Dividend Policy Significance theory and sustainable company development concept. It has been stated that a formalized approach of the dividend policy implementation presumes a construction of the basic relevant scores models characterizing the company dividend policy and its marketing performance as Dividend Payout, Dividend Cover, expected Share Price, Dividend Yield, Price / Earnings Ratio (common stock price/earnings ratio). The formalized models of the scores mentioned are applicable for a forecast-analytical scores evaluation and their variances as well by estimating an impact of the models defining factors exercised by the appropriate factoring analysis method within the neutral dividend policy implementation approach conditions. The conclusion is drawn, that the formalized models of the dividend policy scores and company marketing performance scores derived, having been developed, are an effective instrument for their forecasting and analysis so that proactive decisions to manage the company dividend policy implementation within neutral approach conditions are ensured.
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Abramov, A. E., A. D. Radygin, M. I. Chernova, and R. M. Entov. "The “dividend puzzle” and the Russian stock market. Part 1." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 66–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-1-66-92.
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This article analyzes the key patterns of the dividend policy and the problem of the “dividend puzzle” in the general context of the development of the stock market in Russia. The article consists of two parts.In the first part we summarize main research trends of dividend policy in modern economic theory (the classical Modigliani—Miller theory of dividend irrelevance, agent and signal hypotheses, the smoothing model, the catering theory, etc.). We emphasize the theoretical analysis of motivation of the largest Russian companies for profit allocation and dividend payout, based on a sample of 236 joint stock companies. Since 2012, a steady increase in dividend payments has been revealed in both private and state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The bulk of dividend payments from SOEs accounts for only 12 major companies. Along with an increase in the market value, dividends have become an important factor in the total return on shares. Under current conditions, the probability of paying dividends depends not only on the size of the company and indicators of its’ financial stability, but also on the presence of the state in the capital of companies. However, the relationship between the probability of paying dividends and state participation in the ownership structure is not universal and can be explained by specific factors that go beyond the classical dividend theories.In the second part we will analyze the patterns of stock market performance and dividend policy of the largest Russian companies, motivation for dividend payouts and special aspects of SOEs policy.
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Alaeto, Emeka Henry. "Impact of Dividend Announcements on Stock Prices of UK Firms Listed in London Stock Exchange." GIS Business 13, no. 4 (July 15, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v13i4.3271.
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The aim of this paper is to explore the possible relationship between dividend announcement and stock price reactions upon announcements by the quoted firms in London Stock Exchange (LSE). For the sake of this study, an event-study methodology was employed to calculate any abnormal or excess returns around dividend announcements for 100 firms listed in the LSE over a period of 5 years (2010-2014). The result of the event study indicates that dividend announcements do not convey information to investors (Khan, 2011). The researcher concludes by saying that dividend announcements do not convey any information to share prices, which is in consonance with the M-M Dividend Irrelevance Theory.
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Maharani, Ida Ayu Dinda Priyanka. "Pengaruh Rasio Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Studi Pada Sektor Perbankan Di Bursa Efek Indonesia." Widya Manajemen 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/widyamanajemen.v3i1.1101.
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This study discusses the relationship between profitability ratios, leverage and dividend policy on firm value in the banking sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The banking sector was chosen because the banking sector is one of the fastest growing sectors and has promising long-term business prospects. The high value of the company will affect the level of prosperity of shareholders. Several factors affect firm value, namely profitability, leverage, and dividend policy, which are factors that can be controlled by the company. This study uses Dividend Irrelevance Theory and Bird in The Hand Theory as the main theory in explaining the importance of profitability ratios, leverage ratios and dividend policies in increasing firm value. The analysis technique uses the Path Analysis estimation technique. The results of the study found that leverage has a negative and significant effect on firm value and leverage has a negative effect on dividend policy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dividend irrelevance theory"
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Renberg, Sandra, and Cecilia Nylander. "The Relationship between Changes in Cash Dividends and Volatility of Stock Returns : A study of the Swedish Stock Market." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-76434.
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The dividend policy and the distribution of cash dividend can be of interest to the investors from many angles. Consequently, many theories have been built on the relevance of dividend policy and there are several theories proposing that dividends increase shareholder value. However, the most famous theory on dividend policy might be Miller and Modigliani's dividend irrelevance theory which implies that the dividend policy does not affect shareholder value. Although investors are concerned with shareholder value they are also concerned with achieving the highest possible return with the lowest volatility (risk). As many studies have focused on the dividend policy, especially dividend yield or the dividend payout ratio, and its relation with stock price movement we felt that there was a lack of information regarding the relation between return volatility and cash dividends. This resulted in the following research question: Does a change in cash dividend affect stock return volatility on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm? Answering this research question is the main purpose of the research. Additionally, the relationship between changes in cash dividend and return volatility will be compared in the different size segments that are to be found on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm. The study is quantitative with a deductive approach where historical data ranging from 2006-2012 has been gathered. Two measures of return volatility has been used, beta and standard deviation of return. Statistical tests have been conducted in an approach to answer the research question, mainly correlation tests and logistic regression analysis. No correlation between changes in cash dividend and changes in beta, nor changes in standard deviation were found. The same results were found when examining small, mid and large cap individually. In the logistic regression analysis no evidence was found that changes in dividend could explain changes in return volatility. Contrary to changes in dividend, the results indicate that the size of the company can explain changes in return volatility. Specifically, large cap companies explain increases in return volatility better than companies in the small cap segment. Therefore, the research question is concluded with no, a change in cash dividend does not affect stock return volatility. The findings could also be argued to be in support of the dividend irrelevance theory. Furthermore, the conclusion implies that investors need not regard the dividend policy when diversifying their portfolios. Additionally, managers need not be worried that a change in dividend policy should affect return volatility.
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Silva, da Costa Tatiana, and Abubacarr Sidy Nyassi. "Patterns and Determinants of Payout Policy in the 21-st Century : A study of the Nordic Countries." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184231.
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Payout policies is one of the most discussed topics in corporate finance. Since Miller & Modigliani (1961) dividend irrelevance theory, which was based on perfect markets, many theories have been developed in order to incorporate market imperfections to payout decisions. Numerous scholars have been trying to explain why companies pay dividends, whether they should compensate investors with alternative methods such as share repurchases or not distribute cash at all. The theme has gained lots of attention during the 21-st century driven by the subprime financial crisis in 2008 and mostly recently, in 2020, due to economic impacts brought by the Covid 19 pandemic. Another important aspect that makes the study of payout policy relevant in the 21-st century is the unique impacts of unveiled trends such as globalization and volatile markets, increased importance of ecology and sustainability, emergency of fast growth firms (mainly in the Tech industry) and change characteristics of listed firms. Globally there is a tendency of reduction in the number of listed firms and also deterioration in the quality of earnings. Additionally, there is no consensus about which factors influence a firm propensity of distributing cash to shareholders, which makes the topic very intriguing. Previous research has been conducted mainly within US firms. Few studies have been conducted regarding payout policies in the Nordic countries and most of them give little attention to share repurchases and payout policy determinants. Therefore, we decided to conduct a study regarding the patterns and determinants of payout policy in the 21-st century with focus on the Nordic countries. The purposes of the study are: first, to understand the pattern of payout policies in the Nordic countries during the 21-st century and second determine if there is a relationship between a number of firm’s selected factors and firm’s payout policy. As a sub purpose we intend to examine whether the Covid 19 pandemic had any effect on Nordic firm’s payout policies. The factors investigated, namely: debt, profit, retained earnings, growth opportunities, cash holdings, size and age were identified through a detailed literature review. We collected data from Thomson Reuters DataStream Eikon covering the period between 2000 and 2020 for 1,153 firms from all Nordic countries: Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The study follows a quantitative research method with a deductive approach, and we have based the theoretical framework on the following theories: Miller-Modigliani dividend irrelevance theory, Signaling theory, Agency theory, Life-cycle theory and Substitution and Flexibility hypotheses. In order to determine whether there is a relationship between the companies selected factors and the payout ratios we conducted ordinary least square (OLS) correlation analysis. Additional regression analysis was conducted to verify possible impacts of Covid 19 on Nordic payout policies. Results indicate that some firms’ selected characteristics such as debt, size and age have an impact on Nordic firms’ payout policy during the 21-st century. Larger firms with lower debt are more willing to pay cash dividends, while older firms tend to present higher levels of share repurchase. Firms’ characteristics showed no impact on changes in payout ratios during the initial period of Covid 19.
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Kindlund, Pontus, and Andreas Wallgren. "Har ett företags utdelningspolicy någon betydelse? : En kvantitativ studie om sambandet mellan ett företags utdelningspolicy och företagets genomsnittliga kapitalkostnad hos svenska noterade företag." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26045.
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Sammanfattning Titel: Har ett företags utdelningspolicy någon betydelse? Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi. Författare: Pontus Kindlund och Andreas Wallgren Handledare: Catherine Lions Datum: 2018–01 Syfte: Tidigare forskning undersöker oftast utdelningspolicyns betydelse för investerarna. Därför har vi valt att se det från företagens perspektiv genom att undersöka hur ett företags utdelningspolicy påverkar företagets genomsnittliga kapitalkostnad. Metod: Studien har en kvantitativ metod med hypotesprövningar och en deduktiv ansats där datan är inhämtad från Thompson Reuters Datastream. Regressionsanalyser har sedan utförts för att studera sambandet mellan företagens utdelningspolicy och företagens genomsnittliga kapitalkostnader. Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att det inte finns några omfattande samband mellan företagens utdelningspolicy och företagens genomsnittliga kapitalkostnader. Vår studie är därför i linje med studien från Modigliani och Miller (1961) angående utdelningspolicyns irrelevans. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studiens resultat bidrar med kunskap som kan vara till nytta för företagsledningar som utarbetar företagens utdelningspolicy, eftersom oavsett val av utdelningspolicy kan det inte förväntas ha en signifikant påverkan på företagens genomsnittliga kapitalkostnad. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Då vår studie inte har tagit hänsyn till företagens investeringsmöjligheter så kvarstår det att även ta hänsyn till detta för att undersöka utdelningspolicyns påverkan på den genomsnittliga kapitalkostnaden. Nyckelord: Utdelningspolicy, Genomsnittlig kapitalkostnad, Signalteori, Utdelningspolicyns irrelevans, Trade-off-teoriAbstract Title: Does a company’s dividend policy matter? Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration. Author: Pontus Kindlund and Andreas Wallgren Supervisor: Catherine Lions Date: 2018–01 Aim: Previous research usually explores the importance of the dividend policy for investors. Therefore, we have chosen to see it from the corporate perspective by investigating how a company's dividend policy affects the company's weighted average cost of capital. Method: The study has a deductive approach and a quantitative method of hypothesis testing and where the data is obtained from Thompson Reuters Datastream. Regression analysis has then been conducted to study the relationship between the dividend policy and the companies’ weighted average cost of capital. Result & Conclusions: The study's results show that there is no general correlation between the company's dividend policy and the company's weighted average cost of capital. Our study is in line with the study by Modigliani and Miller (1961) regarding the irrelevance of the dividend policy. Contribution of the thesis: The results of the study contribute to creating knowledge that may be useful to business executives who prepare the company's dividend policy, since any choice of dividend policy should not be expected to have a significant impact on the weighted average cost of capital. Suggestions for future research: As our study has not taken into account the companies' investment opportunities, it remains to take this into consideration to investigate the impact of the dividend policy on the weighted average cost of capital. Key words: Dividend policy, Weighted average cost of capital, Signaling theory, The irrelevance of a dividend policy, Trade-off theory
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Mvita, Mpinda Freddy. "The impact of dividend policy on shareholders' wealth : evidence from the Vector Error Correction Model." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31010.
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Dividend policy is widely researched in financial management, but determining whether it affects the market price per share is difficult. There has been much published on the subject, which presented theories such as the Modigliani, Miller, Gordon, Lintner, Walter and Richardson propositions and the relevance and irrelevance theories. However, little research has been done on the impact of dividend policy on shareholders’ wealth while considering the short- and long-run effects. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was used to describe the short-run and long-run dynamics or the adjustment of the cointegrated variables towards their equilibrium values in South Africa. This study attempts to explain the effect of dividend policy on the market price per share. A sample of 46 companies listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE) was selected for the period 1995-2010. Three variables were used, namely the market price per share, the dividend per share and the earnings per share. The market price per share was used as a proxy in measuring shareholders’ wealth and the dividend per share was used as a proxy in measuring the dividend policy. Fixed and random effects models were applied to panel data to determine the relation between dividend policy and market price per share. The fixed effects method was used to control the stable characteristics of the companies over a fixed period. The random effects model was applied when the companies’ characteristics differed. Results for both models indicated that dividend yield is positively related to market price per share, while earnings per share do not have a significant impact on the market price per share. To test the strength of the long-run relationship, the VECM was applied. The coefficient for dividend per share in the co-integrating equation was positive, while the coefficient for earnings per share was negative. This confirms previous research findings. The results suggest that there is a long-run relationship between dividend per share and market price per share. The Granger causality test indicates there is bi-directional Granger causality between market price per share and dividend per share in South Africa. Therefore dividend policy does have a significant long-run impact on the share price and therefore provides a signal about the company’s financial success.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
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Book chapters on the topic "Dividend irrelevance theory"
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Ang, James S., and Stephen J. Ciccone. "Dividend Irrelevance Theory." In Dividends and Dividend Policy, 95–113. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118258408.ch6.
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Cavanagh, Tom. "Bridging the Academic Divide." In Learning Objects for Instruction, 213–30. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-334-0.ch013.
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There is a commonly held perception in industry that the academic community is out of touch and irrelevant. Surely, there must be a way to bridge this perception gap and leverage academe’s disciplinary and instructional expertise to benefit the commercial workforce. This chapter presents a collaborative development model that accomplishes this goal, specifically relating to the production of self-paced, Web-based learning objects, catalogued within workforce development curricula. The model provides a roadmap that maximizes the expertise of college faculty, industry managers, and multimedia production specialists to meet the needs of government sponsors, commercial corporations, nonprofit postsecondary institutions, and individual learners.
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Bateiha, Summer, and Sadia Mir. "Engaging with Mathematics through Three Types of Storytelling." In Theory and Practice: An Interface or A Great Divide?, 29–33. WTM-Verlag Münster, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37626/ga9783959871129.0.07.
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Throughout history, storytelling has been used as a way to appeal to people’s imagination and emotions. When stories are told in the mathematics classroom, the subject comes to life. Students begin to understand the purpose of learning the content, and mathematics becomes something greater than a plethora of irrelevant facts and formulas that are meant to be memorized, applied, and repeated. This workshop focuses on the use of storytelling as a way to engage students in a nontraditional and pertinent form of learning mathematics. In this session, participants will listen to stories used with predominantly Arab students in an American university in Qatar and partake in doing mathematical tasks related to the stories presented. Although the stories in this workshop were applied in an Arab context, the ideas can be edited for use in any cultural context.
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Sing, Ming. "How Students Took Leadership of the Umbrella Movement." In Take Back Our Future, 144–66. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501740916.003.0007.
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This chapter assesses why the prodemocracy parties were sidelined by student leaders during the Umbrella Movement. It also investigates the conflicts between the leaders of student bodies and the prodemocracy parties, which affected the trajectory of the Umbrella Movement. One factor accounting for the sidelining of the prodemocracy parties was that Beijing had largely enervated the prodemocracy parties' capacity in the legislature to shape policies via institutional and noninstitutional components of the nonsovereign, hybrid regime of Hong Kong. The debilitation made the parties irrelevant in addressing public needs and thereby eroded the public's trust in the parties and contributed to their decline, as has been found in many Western democracies. Beijing's engineering alone, however, cannot fully explain the decline of those parties. The parties' conscious choices with regard to positioning and tactics, amid an increasingly divided public, were also relevant to their decline. Indeed, the students' tactics contrasted sharply with those of the party leaders, who mostly preferred to halt the prolonged occupation in order to shorten the street inconvenience and diminish the risk of voters' backlash in impending elections.
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Mousavirad, Seyed Jalaleddin, and Hossein Ebrahimpour-Komleh. "Population-Based Feature Selection for Biomedical Data Classification." In Biomedical Engineering, 199–231. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3158-6.ch008.
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Classification of biomedical data plays a significant role in prediction and diagnosis of disease. The existence of redundant and irrelevant features is one of the major problems in biomedical data classification. Excluding these features can improve the performance of classification algorithm. Feature selection is the problem of selecting a subset of features without reducing the accuracy of the original set of features. These algorithms are divided into three categories: wrapper, filter, and embedded methods. Wrapper methods use the learning algorithm for selection of features while filter methods use statistical characteristics of data. In the embedded methods, feature selection process combines with the learning process. Population-based metaheuristics can be applied for wrapper feature selection. In these algorithms, a population of candidate solutions is created. Then, they try to improve the objective function using some operators. This chapter presents the application of population-based feature selection to deal with issues of high dimensionality in the biomedical data classification. The result shows that population-based feature selection has presented acceptable performance in biomedical data classification.
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Mousavirad, Seyed Jalaleddin, and Hossein Ebrahimpour-Komleh. "Population-Based Feature Selection for Biomedical Data Classification." In Data Mining and Analysis in the Engineering Field, 296–326. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6086-1.ch016.
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Classification of biomedical data plays a significant role in prediction and diagnosis of disease. The existence of redundant and irrelevant features is one of the major problems in biomedical data classification. Excluding these features can improve the performance of classification algorithm. Feature selection is the problem of selecting a subset of features without reducing the accuracy of the original set of features. These algorithms are divided into three categories: wrapper, filter, and embedded methods. Wrapper methods use the learning algorithm for selection of features while filter methods use statistical characteristics of data. In the embedded methods, feature selection process combines with the learning process. Population-based metaheuristics can be applied for wrapper feature selection. In these algorithms, a population of candidate solutions is created. Then, they try to improve the objective function using some operators. This chapter presents the application of population-based feature selection to deal with issues of high dimensionality in the biomedical data classification. The result shows that population-based feature selection has presented acceptable performance in biomedical data classification.
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Tyagi, Sumedha. "The TVET Scenario and Challenges Faced by the SAARC Nations." In Technical Education and Vocational Training in Developing Nations, 107–27. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1811-2.ch006.
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The chapter aimed at examining the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) issues across South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries with a view to understanding current scenario and challenges faced by them in terms of skilling their population in order to reap demographic dividend. It helped comprehend the skill issue in the context of globalization and sought to scrutinize how the skilling efforts that have moved on to central stage in all countries are regarded an important growth driver in knowledge based globalized economy. It explored the theme in a much wider context across nations and clearly brings out that these nations have a scarcity of trained workforce resulting in low work productivity, inadequately trained faculty, irrelevance of course content low industry involvement in TVET and terribly low institutional training capacity, TVET systems being too supply driven and far-removed from market demand. The chapter's inquiry based on primary data collected from the National Capital Region of India revealed this phenomenon clearly. The methodology combined both primary data with that of secondary data to support our hypotheses formulated in the study. The study has direct policy implications to India and other SAARC countries that the challenges to provide skill training are enormous in view of its complexity and heterogeneity of labour force. Continuous up gradation of skills is, therefore, paramount necessity in the context of globalized milieu. Unless numerous technical and vocational courses are qualitatively improved to make them marketable, these would continue to become less relevant to the needs of market.
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Chu, C. Y. Cyrus. "Demographic Models and Branching Processes." In Population Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121582.003.0006.
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All models describing the dynamic pattern of human population have two common features. First, the human population is usually divided into several types, and second, each type has a type-specific stochastic reproduction rate. The traditional literature of demography has been dominated by the age-specific models of Lotka (1939) and Leslie (1945,1948), where the type refers to the age of an individual and the type-specific reproduction rates refer to the age-specific vital rates in a life table, It has been shown that, mathematically, these age-specific models can be analyzed in a more general framework, namely, the multitype branching process. Most demography researchers, however, do not bother to pursue properties of the general branching process. They prefer to follow Lotka’s (1939) age-specific renewal equation approach in proceeding with their analysis because that renewal equation is technically convenient, whereas the steady-state and dynamic properties of a general branching process are usually much more difficult to derive. Although the analytical convenience of the age-specific models has facilitated the research on age-related topics, it also tends to obscure the fact that the age-specific model is merely a special kind of branching process. When female fertility becomes a decision variable of the family and the fertility-related family decision problems expand, these age-specific models are often unworkable. Despite the difficulties inherent in applying the traditional age-specific models to these decision dimensions, researchers still hesitate to go back to the general, but more difficult, branching process for solutions. This is perhaps why, as we mentioned in chapter 1, the demand-side theory of demography has not made much progress in describing the macro aggregate pattern of the population. In this chapter, I separate the discussion into the age-specific branching process and general branching processes. I show that the steady states and ergodic properties of these models can both be established under some regularity conditions. Although the material in this chapter is mostly a reorganization of previously established mathematical results, I believe that my summary is systematic and will be helpful to most readers. All the results summarized will be used in later chapters, but aspects of branching processes that are irrelevant to our purposes will not be discussed.
Conference papers on the topic "Dividend irrelevance theory"
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Assanova, D., and M. Knol. "Interlanguage interference in the acquisition of foreign language pronunciation." In General question of world science. Наука России, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-31-03-2021-42.
Full textAbstract:
When considering interference from a psycholinguistic point of view, it becomes obvious that the speech flow is automatically divided into bundles of differential features that are identical to the elements of the native language. Signs of phonemes that are irrelevant from the point of view of the phonological system of the native language, but differentially significant from the point of view of the foreign language, are discarded, and, conversely, signs that are absolutely insignificant for a non-native language are the main ones in the perception and reproduction of speech in a foreign language. Thus, it turns out that a native speaker of any language turns any unfamiliar sound (or any sound sequence) into a sequence of phonemes of the native language, resulting in an incorrect phonological interpretation. The properties of a bilingual, which are determined by the phonological hearing that exists in his linguistic consciousness, can be considered the most general explanation of the phenomenon of interference itself. Teachers and methodologists pay considerable attention to this phenomenon primarily because the process of superimposing the systems of the native language on the system of the non-native (or interference) generates an accent in the speech of a bilingual native speaker, which is like a kind of mirror, where the signs of the native language are reflected. If the accent is a system of stable skills of incorrect speaking, then the mistakes in pronunciation that inevitably occur in the speech of a bilingual when learning a folk language are random, but they are often difficult to correct. In order to quickly correct them, teachers should know the reasons for their occurrence.