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Journal articles on the topic 'Diving Physiological effects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Burns, Jennifer M., Michael A. Castellini, and Jason F. Schreer. "Physiological effects on dive patterns and foraging strategies in yearling Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 11 (1997): 1796–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-809.

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Fifteen yearling Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) were captured, measured, weighed, bled, equipped with time–depth recorders, and released to determine if diving behavior was related to physical condition. Upon recovery of the time–depth recorders, dives were classified into four types based on shape, using cluster analysis. Based on maximum depth, two groups were further subdivided, for a total of seven types. The mean and maximal dive depth, duration, and frequency were determined for each yearling for all dive types combined and for each type separately. Stepwise regression and ANOVA

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Hooker, S. K., A. Fahlman, M. J. Moore, et al. "Deadly diving? Physiological and behavioural management of decompression stress in diving mammals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1731 (2011): 1041–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2088.

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Decompression sickness (DCS; ‘the bends’) is a disease associated with gas uptake at pressure. The basic pathology and cause are relatively well known to human divers. Breath-hold diving marine mammals were thought to be relatively immune to DCS owing to multiple anatomical, physiological and behavioural adaptations that reduce nitrogen gas (N 2 ) loading during dives. However, recent observations have shown that gas bubbles may form and tissue injury may occur in marine mammals under certain circumstances. Gas kinetic models based on measured time-depth profiles further suggest the potential

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Davis, Randall W., and Daniel Weihs. "Locomotion in diving elephant seals: physical and physiological constraints." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1487 (2007): 2141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2107.

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To better understand how elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris ) use negative buoyancy to reduce energy metabolism and prolong dive duration, we modelled the energetic cost of transit and deep foraging dives in an elephant seal. A numerical integration technique was used to model the effects of swim speed, descent and ascent angles, and modes of locomotion (i.e. stroking and gliding) on diving metabolic rate, aerobic dive limit, vertical displacement (maximum dive depth) and horizontal displacement (maximum horizontal distance along a straight line between the beginning and end locations of

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Gouin, Emmanuel, Costantino Balestra, Jeremy Orsat, Emmanuel Dugrenot, and Erwan L’Her. "Pulmonary Effects of One Week of Repeated Recreational Closed-Circuit Rebreather Dives in Cold Water." Medicina 59, no. 1 (2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010081.

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Background and Objectives: The use of closed-circuit rebreathers (CCRs) in recreational diving is gaining interest. However, data regarding its physiological effects are still scarce. Immersion, cold water, hyperoxia, exercise or the equipment itself could challenge the cardiopulmonary system. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of CCR diving on lung function and autonomous cardiac activity after a series of CCR dives in cold water. Materials and Methods: Eight CCR divers performed a diving trip (one week) in the Baltic Sea. Spirometry parameters, SpO2, and the lung ultrasonogr

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Eftedal, Ingrid, Marko Ljubkovic, Arnar Flatberg, Arve Jørgensen, Alf O. Brubakk, and Zeljko Dujic. "Acute and potentially persistent effects of scuba diving on the blood transcriptome of experienced divers." Physiological Genomics 45, no. 20 (2013): 965–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00164.2012.

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During scuba diving, the circulatory system is stressed by an elevated partial pressure of oxygen while the diver is submerged and by decompression-induced gas bubbles on ascent to the surface. This diving-induced stress may trigger decompression illness, but the majority of dives are asymptomatic. In this study we have mapped divers' blood transcriptomes with the aim of identifying genes, biological pathways, and cell types perturbed by the physiological stress in asymptomatic scuba diving. Ten experienced divers abstained from diving for >2 wk before performing a 3-day series of daily div

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Choate, Julia K., Kate M. Denton, Roger G. Evans, and Yvonne Hodgson. "Using stimulation of the diving reflex in humans to teach integrative physiology." Advances in Physiology Education 38, no. 4 (2014): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00125.2013.

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During underwater submersion, the body responds by conserving O2 and prioritizing blood flow to the brain and heart. These physiological adjustments, which involve the nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems, are known as the diving response and provide an ideal example of integrative physiology. The diving reflex can be stimulated in the practical laboratory setting using breath holding and facial immersion in water. Our undergraduate physiology students complete a laboratory class in which they investigate the effects of stimulating the diving reflex on cardiovascular variables, whi

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Jobsis, P. D., P. J. Ponganis, and G. L. Kooyman. "Effects of training on forced submersion responses in harbor seals." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 22 (2001): 3877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.22.3877.

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SUMMARY In several pinniped species, the heart rates observed during unrestrained dives are frequently higher than the severe bradycardias recorded during forced submersions. To examine other physiological components of the classic ‘dive response’ during such moderate bradycardias, a training protocol was developed to habituate harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) to short forced submersions. Significant changes were observed between physiological measurements made during naive and trained submersions (3–3.5 min). Differences were found in measurements of heart rate during submersion (naive 18±4.3 be

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Clarke, TM, SK Whitmarsh, RG Dwyer, V. Udyawer, H. Pederson, and C. Huveneers. "Effects of shark tourism on the daily residency and movements of a non-focal pelagic teleost." Marine Ecology Progress Series 687 (April 7, 2022): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13998.

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Marine wildlife tourism is increasing in popularity, with operations targeting a wide range of taxa globally. While previous studies have mostly focused on assessing the effects of provisioning from tourism on focal species, non-focal species that unintentionally feed on supplemental food sources have largely been overlooked. This study improves our understanding of the effects of shark-cage-diving tourism on the movements and behaviours of a non-focal pelagic fish. We used acoustic tracking to determine the effects of shark-cage-diving tourism on the residency and space use of 17 yellowtail k

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Guerrero, François, Kate Lambrechts, Qiong Wang, Aleksandra Mazur, Michael Théron, and Alessandro Marroni. "Endothelial function may be enhanced in the cutaneous microcirculation after a single air dive." Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 50, no. 3 (2020): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.28920/dhm50.3.214-219.

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Introduction: The effects of scuba diving on the vessel wall have been studied mainly at the level of large conduit arteries. Data regarding the microcirculation are scarce and indicate that these two vascular beds are affected differently by diving. Methods: We assessed the changes in cutaneous microcirculation before an air scuba dive, then 30 min and 24 h after surfacing. Endothelium-dependent and independent vasomotion were successively elicited by iontophoretic administration of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside respectively, and cutaneous blood flux was monitored by laser Doppler fl

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Williams, E. E., B. S. Stewart, C. A. Beuchat, G. N. Somero, and J. R. Hazel. "Hydrostatic-pressure and temperature effects on the molecular order of erythrocyte membranes from deep-, shallow-, and non-diving mammals." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 5 (2001): 888–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-047.

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Little is known about the cellular mechanisms involved in the tolerance of deep-diving marine mammals to hydrostatic pressures that cause serious pathologies when experienced by other mammals. We compared fatty-acid composition, cholesterol content, and the effects of pressure on the molecular order of erythrocyte membranes from deep-, shallow-, and non-diving mammals to determine how these properties may be related to diving performance. Erythrocytes were collected from two deep-diving phocid pinnipeds (northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) and harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)), a rela

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Williams, T. M., J. E. Haun, and W. A. Friedl. "The diving physiology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). I. Balancing the demands of exercise for energy conservation at depth." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 20 (1999): 2739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.20.2739.

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During diving, marine mammals must rely on the efficient utilization of a limited oxygen reserve sequestered in the lungs, blood and muscles. To determine the effects of exercise and apnea on the use of these reserves, we examined the physiological responses of adult bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) trained to breath-hold on the water surface or to dive to submerged targets at depths between 60 and 210 m. Changes in blood lactate levels, in partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide and in heart rate were assessed while the dolphins performed sedentary breath-holds. The effects of

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Palozzi, Roberto, Giorgio Caramanna, Patrizia Albertano, et al. "The underwater exploration of the Merro sinkhole and the associated diving physiological and psychological effects." Underwater Technology 29, no. 3 (2010): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3723/ut.29.125.

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Wang, Qiong, Marc Belhomme, François Guerrero, Aleksandra Mazur, Kate Lambrechts, and Michaël Theron. "Diving under a Microscope—A New Simple and Versatile In Vitro Diving Device for Fluorescence and Confocal Microscopy Allowing the Controls of Hydrostatic Pressure, Gas Pressures, and Kinetics of Gas Saturation." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 3 (2013): 608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613000378.

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AbstractHow underwater diving effects the function of the arterial wall and the activities of endothelial cells is the focus of recent studies on decompression sickness. Here we describe an in vitro diving system constructed to achieve real-time monitoring of cell activity during simulated dives under fluorescent microscopy and confocal microscopy. A 1-mL chamber with sapphire windows on both sides and located on the stage of an inverted microscope was built to allow in vitro diving simulation of isolated cells or arteries in which activities during diving are monitored in real-time via fluore

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Goldbogen, Jeremy A., Robert E. Shadwick, Margo A. Lillie, et al. "Using morphology to infer physiology: case studies on rorqual whales (Balaenopteridae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 93, no. 9 (2015): 687–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0311.

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Whales are important model systems for understanding the physiological and ecological consequences of extreme body size. However, whales are also some of the most difficult animals to study because their large size precludes experimental studies under controlled conditions. Here we review a wide range of morphological studies that enable greater inference of physiological processes. In particular, we focus on baleen whales that exhibit extensive diving and foraging adaptations. Using morphological data, we (i) explore the biomechanics and sensory physiology of lunge-feeding rorqual whales (Bal

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15

Lindholm, Peter, and Claes EG Lundgren. "The physiology and pathophysiology of human breath-hold diving." Journal of Applied Physiology 106, no. 1 (2009): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90991.2008.

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This is a brief overview of physiological reactions, limitations, and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with human breath-hold diving. Breath-hold duration and ability to withstand compression at depth are the two main challenges that have been overcome to an amazing degree as evidenced by the current world records in breath-hold duration at 10:12 min and depth of 214 m. The quest for even further performance enhancements continues among competitive breath-hold divers, even if absolute physiological limits are being approached as indicated by findings of pulmonary edema and alveolar hem

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Panneton, W. Michael, Qi Gan, and Rajko Juric. "The rat: a laboratory model for studies of the diving response." Journal of Applied Physiology 108, no. 4 (2010): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00600.2009.

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Underwater submersion in mammals induces apnea, parasympathetically mediated bradycardia, and sympathetically mediated peripheral vasoconstriction. These effects are collectively termed the diving response, potentially the most powerful autonomic reflex known. Although these physiological responses are directed by neurons in the brain, study of neural control of the diving response has been hampered since 1) it is difficult to study the brains of animals while they are underwater, 2) feral marine mammals are usually large and have brains of variable size, and 3) there are but few references on

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Pattinson, Emily M., Stewart T. Cotterill, and Sandra D. Leyland. "Sources of self-efficacy in springboard and highboard diving: A qualitative investigation." Sport & Exercise Psychology Review 13, no. 1 (2017): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpssepr.2017.13.1.80.

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Self-efficacy has been linked with enhanced sports performance and has shown to have a mediating effect on stress. The purpose of this study was to explore the use of self-efficacy as well as the sources and influences on self-efficacy beliefs in competitive springboard and highboard divers. Participants were two adult (M Age=39.5 years) and ten adolescent divers (M Age=14.5 years) with an average of four years experience and were required to participate in semi-structured focus groups. Each focus group consisted of six participants; allocation to focus groups was based on convenience for the

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Sementsov, V. N., and I. V. Ivanov. "The use of stress tests in the expert assessment of the health and safety of divers." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 12 (December 25, 2019): 1000–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-12-1000-1008.

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The results of the analysis of methodical literature are presented and the most informative methods and the optimal order of their implementation for the assessment of special professionally important physiological functions of persons associated with diving are recommended for practical application. The procedure of carrying out and criteria of an estimation of recommended tests is stated: checks of barofunction; estimations of stability to decompression intravascular gas formation; toxic action of oxygen, narcotic action of nitrogen, a functional condition of divers at carrying out hypoxic t

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Ben-David, M., T. M. Williams, and O. A. Ormseth. "Effects of oiling on exercise physiology and diving behavior of river otters: a captive study." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 8 (2000): 1380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-059.

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Following the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS), river otters (Lontra canadensis) on oiled shores had lower body mass, selected different habitat characters, and had larger home ranges and less diverse diets than did otters living in non-oiled areas. We explored the possibility that these changes were due to the effect of crude oil contamination on physiological and behavioral processes in otters. Fifteen otters were exposed to two levels of oil contamination under captive controlled conditions at the Alaska Sealife Center in Seward, Alaska, U.S.A. We collected blood samples for hematological exam

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Perera, Asha, Catherine Soos, and Karen Machin. "Identification of Metabolomic Biomarkers of Long-Term Stress Using NMR Spectroscopy in a Diving Duck." Metabolites 12, no. 4 (2022): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12040353.

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Human-induced environmental changes that act as long-term stressors pose significant impacts on wildlife health. Energy required for maintenance or other functions may be re-routed towards coping with stressors, ultimately resulting in fluctuations in metabolite levels associated with energy metabolism. While metabolomics approaches are used increasingly to study environmental stressors, its use in studying stress in birds is in its infancy. We implanted captive lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) with either a biodegradable corticosterone (CORT) pellet to mimic the effects of a prolonged stressor o

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Rosen, David A. S., Arliss J. Winship, and Lisa A. Hoopes. "Thermal and digestive constraints to foraging behaviour in marine mammals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1487 (2007): 2151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2108.

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While foraging models of terrestrial mammals are concerned primarily with optimizing time/energy budgets, models of foraging behaviour in marine mammals have been primarily concerned with physiological constraints. This has historically centred on calculations of aerobic dive limits. However, other physiological limits are key to forming foraging behaviour, including digestive limitations to food intake and thermoregulation. The ability of an animal to consume sufficient prey to meet its energy requirements is partly determined by its ability to acquire prey (limited by available foraging time

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Hochachka, P. W. "Mechanism and evolution of hypoxia-tolerance in humans." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 8 (1998): 1243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.8.1243.

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To physiologists, the term 'adaptation' usually refers to any trait that is considered advantageous; evolutionary biologists require a more rigorous definition (restricting it to traits arising and maintained under selection). By their definition, many physiological traits may merely reflect inheritance passed on through lineage. In considering the evolution of tolerance to reduced oxygen availability, we examined the issue (of true adaptations versus simple inheritance) in pinnipeds (the two dominant groups, phocids and otariids, with varying diving capacities) and in human lineages exposed f

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Kujawski, Sławomir, Joanna Słomko, Monika Zawadka-Kunikowska, et al. "The Effects of Hyperbaric Exposure on Immediate and Delayed Changes in Core Temperature and Its Circadian Fluctuations." Polish Hyperbaric Research 60, no. 3 (2017): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phr-2017-0013.

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Abstract Changes observed in the core body temperature of divers are the result of a multifaceted response from the body to the change of the external environment. In response to repeated activities, there may be a chronic, physiological adaptation of the body’s response system. This is observed in the physiology of experienced divers while diving. The purpose of this study is to determine the immediate and delayed effects of hyperbaric exposure on core temperature, as well as its circadian changes in a group of three experienced divers. During compression at 30 and 60 meters, deep body temper

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Eizenberg, Yonina H., Aymeric Fromant, Arnaud Lec’hvien, and John P. Y. Arnould. "Contrasting impacts of environmental variability on the breeding biology of two sympatric small procellariiform seabirds in south-eastern Australia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0250916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250916.

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Seabirds play a vital role in marine ecosystems and the long-term study of their responses to environmental variations can be used to monitor the effects of climate change on marine fauna. However, slight differences in similar seabird species result in a range of responses which complicates our understanding of the effects of environmental changes to marine ecosystems. The present study investigated inter-annual differences in the breeding biology (breeding phenology, chick growth rates and breeding success) and environmental conditions (seasonal sea surface temperatures) of important foragin

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Farber, J. P. "Effects on breathing of rostral pons glutamate injection during opossum development." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 1 (1990): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.1.189.

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To determine whether pathways from the rostral pons, capable of influencing breathing, were present in immature mammals, the excitatory amino acid glutamate (sodium salt) was pressure injected in very small volumes into the rostral pons of suckling and adult opossums. The youngest animals tested were approximately 3 wk old (1.5-2.9 g). Animals were anesthetized with the thiobarbituric acid derivative, Inactin, and the electromyogram of the diaphragm was used to assess changes in breathing rhythm and ventilatory output. Glutamate concentrations of 50, 150, and 1,000 mM were injected into the ro

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Wingelaar, Thijs T., Peter-Jan AM van Ooij, and Edwin L. Endert. "The lower limit for FEV1/FVC in dive medical assessments: a retrospective study." Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.28920/dhm51.4.368-372.

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Introduction: Interpreting pulmonary function test (PFT) results requires a valid reference set and a cut-off differentiating pathological from physiological pulmonary function; the lower limit of normal (LLN). However, in diving medicine it is unclear whether an LLN of 2.5% (LLN-2.5) or 5% (LLN-5) in healthy subjects constitutes an appropriate cut-off. Methods: All PFTs performed at the Royal Netherlands Navy Diving Medical Centre between 1 January 2015 and 1 January 2021 resulting in a forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and/or FEV1/FVC with a Z-score b

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Matley, JK, J. Jossart, L. Johansen, and PD Jobsis. "Environmental drivers of diving behavior and space-use of juvenile endangered Caribbean hawksbill sea turtles identified using acoustic telemetry." Marine Ecology Progress Series 652 (October 15, 2020): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13466.

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Space-use by aquatic ectotherms is closely linked to environmental factors such as temperature due to thermal-mediated metabolism and energy requirements. These factors are important, as they may alter an animal’s exposure to food/predators, hinder physiological function, increase competitive interactions, or even prompt population or biodiversity loss. Using general linear mixed-effects models, we investigated the influence of medium-term (months-years) environmental (diel period, water temperature, season, wind speed, air pressure, habitat type) and biological (turtle size) variation on spac

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Malaeva, V. V., A. E. Kostiv, O. I. Kabantsova, I. A. Pochekutova, and V. I. Korenbaum. "NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR HUMAN LUNGS VENTILATION FUNCTION CONTROL IN SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY TASKS USING TRACHEAL NOISES OF FORCED EXPIRATION." Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/2227-1848-2019-3-80-88.

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Some types of human professional activities are associated with the influence of adverse environmental factors, therefore, the study of the human body response both in acute situations and in case of prolonged exposure to such factors is necessary to identify early signs of functional distress and prevent the disease development. The purpose of the paper is to assess the ability to control changes in the human lungs ventilation function under extreme physical loads and a bronchodilation test using the developed acoustic parameters of forced expiratory tracheal noise. Materials and Methods. The

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Mulder, Ingeborg M., Corey J. Morris, J. Brian Dempson, Ian A. Fleming, and Michael Power. "Marine temperature and depth use by anadromous Arctic char correlates to body size and diel period." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, no. 5 (2020): 882–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0097.

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Acoustic and archival telemetry were used to study the marine movements of 115 anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) at two sites in southern Labrador, Canada, in relation to daily variation in temperature and depth use, body size, and their effects on marine activity patterns. Although evidence varied between locations, Arctic char generally utilized ambient water temperatures available in the upper water column, possibly in aid of physiological processes such as digestion, whereas deeper waters were suggested to be used for feeding purposes. Size-dependent thermal preferences were evid

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Sutton, Grace, Lorien Pichegru, Jonathan A. Botha, et al. "Multi-predator assemblages, dive type, bathymetry and sex influence foraging success and efficiency in African penguins." PeerJ 8 (June 30, 2020): e9380. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9380.

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Marine predators adapt their hunting techniques to locate and capture prey in response to their surrounding environment. However, little is known about how certain strategies influence foraging success and efficiency. Due to the miniaturisation of animal tracking technologies, a single individual can be equipped with multiple data loggers to obtain multi-scale tracking information. With the addition of animal-borne video data loggers, it is possible to provide context-specific information for movement data obtained over the video recording periods. Through a combination of video data loggers,

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Tsankova, Krasimira, and Mila Dimitrova. "HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE HYPERBARIC OXYGENATION." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 27, no. 2 (2021): 3772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2021272.3772.

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Background: Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) is a treatment in which a patient breathes near 100% oxygen within a chamber at a pressure greater than one atmosphere absolute (ATA). The development of hyperbaric medicine is continuous and associated with the history of underwater activities, the development of physical laws and physiological mechanisms of breathing. Purpose: The aim of this article is to present the development of hyperbaric oxygenation internationally and nationally. Materials and Methods: We have conducted a literature review of the published works on hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HB

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Bhagooli, Ranjeet, Mouneshwar Soondur, Sundy Ramah, Arvind Gopeechund, Sruti Jeetun, and Deepeeka Kaullysing. "Photo-physiology of healthy and bleached corals from the Mascarene Plateau." Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, no. 2/2021 (July 20, 2022): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.si2021.2.8.

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This study presents the first report of variable photo-physiology of healthy-looking and bleached corals from the upper mesophotic waters of the Mascarene Plateau. In May 2018, during the FAO EAF-Nansen research expedition cruise, coral bleaching was visually observed. Five coral species from Saya de Malha Bank, namely Heliopora coerulea, Favites sp. and Porites sp. from 27 m and Acropora sp. and Lithophyllon repanda from 30 m, and three coral species from the Nazareth Bank, namely Acropora sp. and Galaxea fascicularis from 36 m and Stylophora-like species from 58 m were studied using the Vide

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Capranica, Laura, and Mindy L. Millard-Stafford. "Youth Sport Specialization: How to Manage Competition and Training?" International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 6, no. 4 (2011): 572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.6.4.572.

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A prevailing theory (and practical application) is that elite performance requires early childhood skill development and training across various domains, including sport. Debate continues whether children specializing early (ie, training/competition in a single sport) have true advantage compared with those who sample various sports early and specialize in a single sport later (adolescence). Retrospective data and case studies suggest either model yields elite status depending upon the sport category (ie, situational: ball games, martial arts, fencing; quantitative: track and feld, swimming, s

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Zarakovskii, G. M. "The physiological effects of the indifferent gases: A Conference on the Occasion of the 80th Anniversary of Vladimir Vasil’evich Smolin (The scientific-practical conference “The Possibilities and Prospects of Application of the Indifferent Gases in Diving Practice, Biology, and Medicine.” Moscow, November 15–16, 1999)." Human Physiology 26, no. 2 (2000): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02760101.

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Taofik, A., S. Bandiati, A. M. Maskoen, and M. Yusuf. "The effects of shearing and ascorbyl palmitate administration on physiological and blood metabolite profile of Padjadjaran sheep under heat exposure treatment." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 46, no. 1 (2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.46.1.12-19.

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Ascorbyl-6-palmitate (AP) was a lipid-soluble synthetic ester of ascorbic acid that has been used as a preservation agent for foods and as an antioxidant in cosmetics and related products. This study aims to investigate the effect of shearing management and ascorbyl palmitate administration on physiological and hematological profiles in under heat load Padjadjaran sheep. The physiological profile involves respiration rate (RR), Pulse rate (PR), and rectal temperature (RT). Twenty rams Padjadjaran 1 – 1,5 year-old, weighing between 25 to 47.5 kg used from sheep breeding station Purwakarta, West

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Santos, Aylpy, Leonardo M. Freitas, Henrique Parente, et al. "PSX-10 Feeding behavior and physiologic parameters of goat kids fed by diets with increasing levels of babassu mesocarp flour." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (2019): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.918.

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Abstract Twenty eight crossbred Boer goat kids (21.6 ± 3 kg BW) were used in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of increasing levels (0, 10, 20 and 30%, DM basis) of babassu mesocarp flour (BMF) on feeding behavior and physiologic parameters. Goat kids were individually confined and fed an isonitrogenous diet (12.6 ± 0.1 CP) containing 70% concentrate and 30% Tifton hay (DM basis) for 58 d, with 12 d for diet adaptation and 46 d for experimental period. Animals were monitored every 5 min during 24 h, on the 23th and 44th days of the experiment, according to the activiti

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Velarde, Michael C., and Ramkumar Menon. "Positive and negative effects of cellular senescence during female reproductive aging and pregnancy." Journal of Endocrinology 230, no. 2 (2016): R59—R76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-16-0018.

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Cellular senescence is a phenomenon occurring when cells are no longer able to divide even after treatment with growth stimuli. Because senescent cells are typically associated with aging and age-related diseases, cellular senescence is hypothesized to contribute to the age-related decline in reproductive function. However, some data suggest that senescent cells may also be important for normal physiological functions during pregnancy. Herein, we review the positive and negative effects of cellular senescence on female reproductive aging and pregnancy. We discuss how senescent cells accelerate

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Heather, Alison K. "Transwoman Elite Athletes: Their Extra Percentage Relative to Female Physiology." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (2022): 9103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159103.

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There is increasing debate as to whether transwoman athletes should be included in the elite female competition. Most elite sports are divided into male and female divisions because of the greater athletic performance displayed by males. Without the sex division, females would have little chance of winning because males are faster, stronger, and have greater endurance capacity. Male physiology underpins their better athletic performance including increased muscle mass and strength, stronger bones, different skeletal structure, better adapted cardiorespiratory systems, and early developmental e

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Deng, Alan Y., Annie Menard, and David W. Deng. "Shifting Paradigm from Gene Expressions to Pathways Reveals Physiological Mechanisms in Blood Pressure Control in Causation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (2023): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021262.

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Genetics for blood pressure (BP) in human and animals has been partitioned into two separate specialties. However, this divide is mechanistically-misleading. BP physiology is mechanistically participated by products of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The key to unlocking its mechanistic mystery lies in the past with mammalian ancestors before humans existed. By pivoting from effects to causes, physiological mechanisms determining BP by six QTLs have been implicated. Our work relies on congenic knock-in genetics in vivo using rat models, and has reproduced the physiological outcome based on a Q

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Roy, Shumita, and Norman W. Park. "Effects of dividing attention on memory for declarative and procedural aspects of tool use." Memory & Cognition 44, no. 5 (2016): 727–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-016-0600-4.

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Daev, Eugene V., Boris P. Surinov, and Anna V. Dukelskaya. "Post-stress chemosignals affect cells from immunocompetent organs in laboratory mice of three inbred strains." Ecological genetics 6, no. 1 (2008): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen6127-33.

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Quantity of antibody producing cells and changes in bone marrow dividing cells of mouse males were studied after the exposure with chemosignals from intact or stressed donor mouse males. Inbred CBA, BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains were used. It is shown that excreted volatiles decrease quantity of antibody producing cells in spleen and at the same time raise the level of mitotic disturbances in bone marrow cells of recipient mice. Pheromone effect depends on genotype and physiological state of the recipients. For the first time we describe here the influence of mouse female pheromone 2,5-dimethylpy

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Preciado, Ernesto, Arturo Terron, Hugo Córdova, Harold Mickelson, and Raimundo López. "Respuestas correlacionadas para el rendimiento en la selección de híbridos de maices precoces subtropicales." Agronomía Mesoamericana 8, no. 1 (2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v8i1.24721.

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With the aim of designing selection criteria to identify the described genotypes with short vegetative period and longer grain-filling period without increasing the total growing cycle of the genotype. The information generated during 1995 at six locations in the subtropical region of Mexico was used. A serie of six experiments, integrated with a group of subtropical hybrids derived from a diallel between a group of elite tropical and subtropical inbred lines from CIMMYT, were evaluated in collaboration with INIFAP and the seed industry. In the combined analysis of six environments, early hybr

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Lozano, George A., and Albert F. H. Ros. "Immunoecology of Species with Alternative Reproductive Tactics and Strategies." Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 2022 (August 4, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3248731.

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Alternative reproductive tactics and strategies (ARTS) refer to polymorphic reproductive behaviours in which in addition to the usual two sexes, there are one or more alternative morphs, usually male, that have evolved the ability to circumvent direct intra-sexual competition. Each morph has its own morphological, ecological, developmental, behavioural, life-history, and physiological profile that shifts the balance between reproduction and self-maintenance, one aspect being immunity. Immunoecological work on species with ARTS, which is the topic of this review, is particularly interesting bec

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Vrisekoop, Nienke, Ineke Den Braber, Tendai Mugwagwa, et al. "Maintenance of peripheral naive T cells: a mouse-man divide (159.1)." Journal of Immunology 186, no. 1_Supplement (2011): 159.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.159.1.

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Abstract Insights from T-cell dynamic studies in mice are widely extrapolated to men and vice versa, while no formal proof exists that such extrapolations are justified. At the same time, there is a lot of controversy about the dynamic properties of T cells, including life span and the relative contributions of thymus output and peripheral proliferation to the maintenance of the naive T-cell pool during aging. We have investigated the hypothesis that part of this controversy is due to improper extrapolation of dynamic parameters of T cells from mice to men. By combining in vivo kinetic labelin

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Mammadova, Afet, Ramiz Aliyev, Sevda Babayeva, and Mehraj Abbasov. "Adaptive reaction of cotton accessions of G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. species to drought stress." Genetika 47, no. 2 (2015): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1502617m.

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Adaptation, process of the adjustment of a plant to specific environmental conditions, is provided by physiological mechanisms (physiological adaptation), and at population level (species) by mechanisms of genetic variability, heredity and selection (genetic adaptation). Intraspecific and the interspecific physiological assessment of adaptation potential to drought stress was carried out on 267 collection accessions and varieties of a cotton (197 accessions of G. hirsutum L. and 70 of G. barbadense L.). Comparative study of the stress reaction of tested accessions to unfavorable environmental

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Franklin, Brandon M., Lin Xiang, Jason A. Collett, Megan K. Rhoads, and Jeffrey L. Osborn. "Open problem-based instruction impacts understanding of physiological concepts differently in undergraduate students." Advances in Physiology Education 39, no. 4 (2015): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00082.2015.

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Student populations are diverse such that different types of learners struggle with traditional didactic instruction. Problem-based learning has existed for several decades, but there is still controversy regarding the optimal mode of instruction to ensure success at all levels of students' past achievement. The present study addressed this problem by dividing students into the following three instructional groups for an upper-level course in animal physiology: traditional lecture-style instruction (LI), guided problem-based instruction (GPBI), and open problem-based instruction (OPBI). Studen

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Yi, Yunjeong, Eunju Seo, and Jiyeon An. "Does Forest Therapy Have Physio-Psychological Benefits? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (2022): 10512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710512.

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Forest therapy involves visiting forests or conducting forest-based treatment activities to improve one’s health. Studies have investigated the health benefits of forests, but consensus has not been reached. This study comprised a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine how forest therapy affects the physiological and psychological health of adults. The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, and Medline databases were searched on 31 August 2021. Systematic review and meta-analysis, risk evaluation, GRADE evaluation, and advertisement effect evaluation were p

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Marin, Gheorghe-Eduard, Maria-Adriana Neag, Codrin-Constantin Burlacu, and Anca-Dana Buzoianu. "The Protective Effects of Nutraceutical Components in Methotrexate-Induced Toxicity Models—An Overview." Microorganisms 10, no. 10 (2022): 2053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102053.

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There are multiple concerns associated with methotrexate (MTX), widely recognized for anti-neoplastic and anti-inflammatory effects in life-threatening disease conditions, i.e., acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis, due to long-term side effects and associated toxicity, which limits its valuable potential. MTX acts as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, leading to suppression of purine and pyrimidine synthesis in high metabolic and turnover cells, targeting cancer and dysregulated immune cells. Due to low discrimination between neoplast

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Simpson, Tyler, and Kang-Mo Ku. "Metabolomics and Physiological Approach to Understand Allelopathic Effect of Horseradish Extract on Onion Root and Lettuce Seed as Model Organism." Plants 10, no. 10 (2021): 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10101992.

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In the present study, we assessed the allelopathic effects of various concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) of horseradish root extract (HRE) on onion root. The average growth of onion root tips during the 0% HRE treatment (deionized water treatment) was 0.9 cm/day, which was the highest among the growth rates obtained with all HRE treatments. Moreover, the average growth during 0.3% HRE treatment was 0.1 cm/day. During cell cycle analysis, the mitotic phase fraction of the control (deionized water treatment) cells was 6.5% of all dividing cells, with this percentage being the highest amon

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Cao, LG, GG Babcock, PA Rubenstein, and YL Wang. "Effects of profilin and profilactin on actin structure and function in living cells." Journal of Cell Biology 117, no. 5 (1992): 1023–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.117.5.1023.

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Previous studies have yielded conflicting results concerning the physiological role of profilin, a 12-15-kD actin- and phosphoinositide-binding protein, as a regulator of actin polymerization. We have addressed this question by directly microinjecting mammalian profilins, prepared either from an E. coli expression system or from bovine brain, into living normal rat kidney (NRK) cells. The microinjection causes a dose-dependent decrease in F-actin content, as indicated by staining with fluorescent phalloidin, and a dramatic reduction of actin and alpha-actinin along stress fibers. In addition,

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