Academic literature on the topic 'Divisão racial'
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Journal articles on the topic "Divisão racial"
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Mazzei Nogueira, Claudia, and Rachel Gouveia Passos. "A DIVISÃO SOCIOSSEXUAL E RACIAL DO TRABALHO NO CENÁRIO DE EPIDEMIA DO COVID-19: considerações a partir de Heleieth Saffioti." Caderno CRH 33 (December 22, 2020): 020029. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v33i0.36118.
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<p>No presente artigo objetivamos analisar os impactos da pandemia do vírus COVID-19 sobre a divisão sociossexual e racial do trabalho no cenário brasileiro. A partir das pesquisas desenvolvidas pela(o/a)s autor(o/a) s sobre o trabalho feminino, procurou-se destacar o trabalho doméstico e de cuidados compreendendo que esse é executado majoritariamente pelas mulheres negras e pobres. Nesse caminho, o texto está divido em duas partes: na primeira, propomos dialogar com Heleieth Saffioti – pioneira para a compreensão do lugar social da mulher no capitalismo – em torno do tema da divisão sociossexual e racial do trabalho e suas expressões na sociedade contemporânea; e, na segunda, problematizamos sobre os efeitos da epidemia do COVID-19 no mercado de trabalho brasileiro, dando ênfase às mulheres negras e ao trabalho feminino doméstico e de cuidado assalariado.</p><p> </p><p>THE SOCIOSEXUAL AND RACIAL DIVISION OF WORK IN THE EPIDEMIC SCENARIO OF COVID-19: considerations from Heleieth Saffioti</p><p>In this article we aim to analyze the impacts of the COVID-19 virus pandemic on the socio-sexual and racial division of labor in the Brazilian scenario. Based on the research carried out by the authors on women’s work, it was sought to highlight domestic and care work, understanding that it is performed mainly by black and poor women. In this way, the text is divided into two parts: the first where we propose to dialogue with HeleiethSaffioti – pioneer for the understanding of the social place of women in capitalism – on the sociosexual and racial division of labor and its expressions in contemporary society, and the second, we questioned the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on the Brazilian labor market, emphasizing black women and female domestic work and wage care.</p><p>Keywords: Work. Women. COVID-19. Female Work. HeleiethSaffioti.</p><p> </p><p>LA DIVISION SOCIOSEXUELLE ET RACIALE DU TRAVAIL DANS LE SCÉNARIO ÉPIDÉMIQUE DE COVID-19: considérations d’Heleieth Saffioti</p><p>Dans cet article, nous visons à analyser les impacts de la pandémie du virus COVID-19 sur la division socio-sexuelle et raciale du travail dans le scénario brésilien. Sur la base des recherches menées par les auteurs sur le travail des femmes, il a été cherché à mettre en évidence le travail domestique et de soin, sachant qu’il est principalement réalisé par des femmes noires et pauvres. De cette façon, le texte est divisé en deux parties: la première où nous proposons de dialoguer avec HeleiethSaffioti – pionnière pour la compréhension de la place sociale des femmes dans le capitalisme – sur la división socio-sexuelle et raciale du travail et ses expressions dans la société contemporaine, et la seconde , nous nous sommes interrogés sur les effets de l’épidémie de COVID-19 sur le marché du travail brésilien, en mettantl’accent sur les femmes noires et le travail domestique féminin et les salaires.</p><p>Mots-clés: Travail. Femmes. COVID-19. Travail féminin. HeleiethSaffioti.</p>
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Alves, Leonardo Dias. "A divisão racial do trabalho como um ordenamento do racismo estrutural." Revista Katálysis 25, no. 2 (2022): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0259.2022.e84641.
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Resumo: Este artigo situa a divisão racial do trabalho no capitalismo como uma categoria fundamental para analisar o racismo estrutural no mercado de trabalho assalariado. Assim, o presente artigo, com o objetivo de analisar a sedimentação da divisão racial do trabalho na formação social brasileira, parte da compreensão de que os elementos do complexo escravismo –– modo de produção, escravizado e trabalho — são bases da formação do capitalismo e do racismo desenvolvidos no Brasil. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e banco de dados, utilizando o método materialista histórico-dialético, aborda como o racismo, enquanto elemento estrutural, é um indicador de discriminação e desigualdade na constituição do mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Esse conjunto de determinantes históricos contribuiu para a sedimentação da divisão racial do trabalho. Os efeitos nocivos dessa realidade para a vida da população negra são expressos nas mais variadas formas de discriminação, violência, desemprego, inserção em ocupações laborais precárias e pobreza.
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Garcia, Pedro Klein. "Apartheid: Uma Contribuição da Geografia." Revista de Iniciação Científica da FFC - (Cessada) 19, no. 1 (2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/1415-8612.2019.v19n1.p5-12.
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Apresenta-se dados sul-africanos sobre população, língua, etnia, divisão religiosa, divisão política e economia seguidos de um histórico sobre o Apartheid. Em um terceiro momento, relaciona-se os itens supracitados com a segregação racial e conclui-se em favor da ideia de que tal política tinha como principal motivação o capital.
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Souza, Cristiane Luiza Sabino de. "A indissociabilidade entre racismo e superexploração da força de trabalho no capitalismo dependente." Serviço Social & Sociedade 146, no. 1 (2023): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-6628.301.
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Resumo: O artigo aponta a relação indissociável entre o racismo e a superexploração da força de trabalho no capitalismo dependente. Evidencia como a hierarquização racial cria base ideológica de dominação necessária à dinâmica da economia dependente e à superexploração. A metodologia consistiu em uma pesquisa bibliográfica, com a revisão de literaturas assentadas na crítica marxista da economia política e no entendimento da divisão social, sexual e racial do trabalho como chave analítica fundamental.
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Silva, Tales Araújo. "A questão racial em “O custo dos direitos”." Mosaico 12, no. 19 (2021): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/rm.v12n19.2020.82269.
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Resenha crítica do livro “O custo dos direitos: por que a liberdade depende dos impostos”, de Stephen Holmes e Cass R. Sunstein, em que os autores discutem a teoria dos direitos fundamentais para além da limitada divisão entre direitos positivos e negativos, revelando que até mesmo aqueles didaticamente conhecidos como de primeira dimensão, como a liberdade e a propriedade, geram custos para o Estado. Aqui, evidencia-se a ligação dessas discussões às questões raciais, principalmente a partir da visão dos direitos sociais como acordos, concebida pelos autores na obra.
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Siqueira, Mirele Hashimoto. "PENSANDO AS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS NO CONTEXTO LATINO-AMERICANO DEPENDENTE: uma questão contemporânea para o Serviço Social." Revista de Políticas Públicas 25, no. 2 (2022): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v25n2p687-700.
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O presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre as relações étnico-raciais no contexto da realidade latino-americana dependente, buscando aferir de que maneira o traço histórico da dependência intensifica a questão racial. Partindo do pressuposto de que a América Latina está inserida numa posição periférica na divisão internacional do trabalho, os países deste continente estabelecem um intercâmbio desigual com os países do centro, adotando um modelo de desenvolvimento para fora e, portanto, externo. Nesta perspectiva, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, compreende que a questão racial assume na particularidade do continente latinoamericanoum caráter regressivo, visto que é acentuada pela hierarquização dos grupos étnico-raciais, pelasuperexploraçãoda força de trabalho da região, servindo de instrumento para justificar a dominação capitalista que se infiltra em escala global.THINKING ETHNIC-RACIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE DEPENDENT LATIN AMERICAN CONTEXT: a contemporary issue for Social WorkAbstractThis article aims to reflect on ethnic-racial relations in the context of dependent Latin American reality, seeking to assess how the historical feature of dependence intensifies the racial issue. Based on the assumption that Latin America is inserted in a peripheral position in the international division of labor, the countries of this continent establish an unequal exchange with the countries of the center, adopting an outward and, therefore, external development model. In this perspective, through a bibliographic search, it is understood that the racial issue takes on the particularity of the Latin American continent a regressive character, since the hierarchy of ethnic-racial groups, accentuates it by the overexploitation of the region's workforce, serving as an instrument to justify the capitalist domination that infiltrates on a global scale.Keywords: Ethnic-racial relations; Latin America; Dependency; Social Work.
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Silva, Uelber Barbosa. "SOBRE EMBRANQUECIMENTO, MISCIGENAÇÃO E APROPRIAÇÃO CULTURAL NO BRASIL." Cadernos CERU 28, no. 1 (2017): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2595-2536.v28i1p165-174.
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As implicações da ideologia racial no Brasil são tão massacrantes que – além de excluir e matar a população afro-brasileira – tem criado novas formas de divisão na sociedade, num claro exercício de manutenção do status quo das elites sociais. O reforço de teorias que corroboram com o ódio racial, ainda que seja valorizado certo tipo afro-brasilidade, é veemente criticado, sobretudo o multiculturalismo, através da contextualização da miscigenação e da teoria do embranquecimento. Neste sentido, ao centrar na história de vida de um afro-brasileiro, o texto busca desvendar o falso caminho da teoria da “apropriação cultural” e aponta as várias determinantes do racismo brasileiro.
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Muradas, Daniela, and Flávia Souza Máximo Pereira. "Decolonialidade do saber e direito do trabalho brasileiro: sujeições interseccionais contemporâneas." Revista Direito e Práxis 9, no. 4 (2018): 2117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2179-8966/2018/30370.
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Resumo O artigo visa um diálogo entre decolonialidade do saber e a abordagem doutrinária dominante do núcleo protetivo do Direito do Trabalho Brasileiro:trabalho livre/subordinado. Busca-se extravasar continuidades de sujeições interseccionais estruturadas por uma divisão laboral racial-sexual, proveniente da colonização, nas relações de trabalho contemporâneas no Brasil, uma vez que tais sujeições permanecem invisibilizadas pela doutrina juslaboral prevalente.
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Gomes, Cleidiane Colins, and Piedade Lino Videira. "Limitações da política educacional antirracista implementada pela Divisão Étnico-Racial da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Macapá-AP." Praxis Educativa 17 (2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/praxeduc.v.17.18432.070.
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Este artigo contextualiza a aplicabilidade da legislação educacional antirracista nas escolas, por intermédio da Divisão Étnico-Racial da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Macapá/Amapá, a qual tem como função institucional preparar a própria instituição, bem como as escolas, corpo técnico, professores/as e estudantes para o cumprimento e a promoção de políticas educacionais que garantam o direito à educação pública à população negra e a grupos historicamente excluídos. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa, e, para a coleta de dados, realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com a direção da Divisão sobredita. O estudo revelou que as crenças e as mentalidades preconceituosas e racistas colaboram para que, no âmbito da gestão pública municipal, a Lei No 10.639/2003 não seja efetivada nas/pelas escolas do Município de Macapá.
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Pires, Francisco Quinteiro. "Mesmo campo, diferentes cores de pele." FuLiA/UFMG 7, no. 1 (2022): 182–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2526-4494.2022.34251.
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Este artigo investiga como processos de racialização e a ideologia do colorismo operam nos jogos de futebol disputados, na cidade de São Paulo, entre times de brasileiros negros contra times de brasileiros brancos entre 1927 e 1939 e em uma partida de 2003 registrada pelo documentário Preto contra branco. Com base em interpretações de autores que analisaram textos jornalísticos sobre essas partidas, ele argumenta que esses jogos encarnam narrativas políticas que se contrapõem à ideologia do colorismo. Essas disputas também estabelecem uma divisão racial semelhante à regra da gota única nos Estados Unidos e subversivamente a reencenam para desestabilizar o mito da democracia racial no Brasil. Desafiando um discurso colorista que promove uma integração nacional limitada enquanto reforça uma hierarquia racial, essas partidas representam uma crítica ao racismo e ao mito da harmonia entre as raças. Eles também contestam a noção redutora de Gilberto Freyre de que os afro-brasileiros jogam o futebol como “uma arte de songamonga”.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Divisão racial"
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Villen, Patricia 1981. "Imigração na modernização dependente : "braços civilizatórios" e atual configuração polarizada." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281241.
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Orientador: Ricardo Luiz Coltro Antunes<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T21:25:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2015<br>Resumo: O presente estudo tem por objeto o trabalho imigrante no Brasil. A tese demonstra a atual configuração polarizada da imigração no país e as principais tendências manifestadas no trabalho imigrante. Essa perspectiva lança luz sobre os espaços subterrâneos e invisibilizados desse trabalho ¿ ou mesmo longínquos, sobre as águas do mar ¿ simultaneamente apontando as contradições inerentes àqueles eleitos para aparecerem como uma imigração escolhida. Trata-se de um campo de visão que permite discutir as novas bases histórico-sociais da imigração no Brasil, sua alta representatividade de proveniência periférica e as diferentes modalidades de manifestação ¿ via circuito indocumentado, autorização de trabalho para estrangeiros, Mercosul, refúgio, visto humanitário, estudo, casamento, turismo ¿ analisadas em seu conjunto e em sua relação com o trabalho. As dinâmicas relativas à posição periférica do Brasil no mercado mundial e às particularidades de sua formação socioeconômica de base escravista são consideradas para evidenciar o lugar que a força de trabalho do imigrante ocupou nos diferentes momentos históricos do país. Para tanto, duas categorias são adotadas como premissas analíticas do fenômeno da imigração internacional: o trabalho livre e a divisão internacional do trabalho. Ao demonstrar a posição atribuída aos "braços civilizatórios" (trabalhadores imigrantes brancos europeus), problematiza-se o papel historicamente conferido a essa imigração no movimento de modernização dependente do mercado de trabalho brasileiro no passado, bem como a continuidade de suas dinâmicas e efeitos no presente. Essa incursão temporal dialoga com o contexto internacional e oferece elementos para se entender como as modalidades de entrada (imigração documentada e indocumentada) e de trabalho imigrante (com inserção nos estratos altos e naqueles mais precários do mercado de trabalho brasileiro) começam a se manifestar de forma polarizada nos anos 1970 e esse desenho bifurcado da imigração ganha força após a eclosão da crise global (2007). Foram caracterizados os traços gerais dos dois polos da imigração ¿ denominados polo da qualificação-especialização produtiva e polo dos periféricos emergenciais ¿, segundo o ideário, o tratamento legislativo, as vias de entrada no país, os principais setores de inserção no mercado de trabalho brasileiro, a divisão sexual do trabalho, o racismo, as condições de trabalho e de estruturação de vida enfrentadas pelos imigrantes. O estudo mostra como o fato da indocumentação abrange todo o espectro do trabalho imigrante ¿ mesmo aquele com perfil qualificado-especializado ¿, porém atinge sobremaneira os imigrantes representantes do que se denominou periféricos na periferia. A imigração feminina no Brasil também é analisada, bem como o desequilíbrio de gênero nos dois polos da imigração<br>Abstract: This study analyses the immigrant labour in Brazil. The thesis demonstrates the polarized immigration movements to Brazil and the trends concerning the immigrant labour. This analytical perspective shows the labour that is hidden in underground and invisible spaces - even those far away, over the sea waters -, pointing out the contradictions of the groups elected to appear as a chosen immigration. It allows the discussion of the new historical and social bases of immigration in Brazil, its largest representation from peripheral countries and its different forms - work permits, Mercosul, refugee, humanitarian visa, undocumented circuit, study, marriage, tourism - analysed as a whole and in its relation to labour. The dynamics related to Brazil¿s peripheral position in the world system and the particularities of its social-economic formation on slavery base are considered in order to analyse the place conferred to immigrant labour force during different moments of the country¿s history. Two categories are considered to analyse the international immigration phenomena: free labour and the international division of labour. By demonstrating the position assigned to the "civilizing arms" (European immigrants workers), this study discusses the role of this immigration for the Brazilian labour market¿s "dependent modernization" on the past, as well as its continuous dynamics and effects on the present. This temporal incursion dialogues with the international context and provides elements to understand how the polarized way of entries (documented and undocumented immigration) and immigrant labour (highest and precarious Brazilian labour market strata) emerges in the 1970s and takes force after the beginning of the global crisis (2007). The general characteristics of the two poles of immigration are characterized ¿ productive qualification-specialization pole and emergency-peripherals pole ¿, concerning the ideology, the legal treatment, the entry routes in the country, the main sectors for the insertion in the Brazilian labour Market, the sexual division of labour and and the working conditions faced by immigrants. The researches demonstrate that indocumentation regards all the categories of immigrant labour ¿ even those considered as qualified-specialized ¿, but it touches much more the here named peripherals in the periphery. Women immigration to Brazil are also analysed as well as the gender inequalities in the two poles<br>Doutorado<br>Sociologia<br>Doutora em Sociologia
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Cotton, Daniel. "Bordering (on) Racism: Migration, Division, and Consent in Australia." Thesis, Department of Political Economy, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17729.
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Akinpelu, Mobolaji Olatokunbo. "Scaling Success : learning from education intervention programs to close the racial education achievement gap." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104821.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 105-110).<br>An overview of American education reveals a concerning pattern: when outcomes are disaggregated by race, students from certain racial minority groups often have poorer outcomes than White students. This pattern, the racial education achievement gap, can be seen in different sorts of measures from the literature, including in the low representation of minority students at elite public institutions. To address this low representation, and to keep universities racially diverse, administrators and policymakers often turn to race-based affirmative action, the explicit (and contentious) consideration of an applicant's race in admissions decisions. College-centered education intervention programs are another tool administrators and policymakers use to address the gap reflected in elite college enrollment and to keep campuses diverse. This thesis asks how do and how can appropriately designed college-based education intervention programs help to both keep racial diversity and close the racial educational achievement gap in America's colleges? To this end, chapter one lays out the motivating issues - the gap, affirmative action, and education intervention programs; chapter two contains the case study of two successful programs, focusing on the programs' designs, the participants' experiences, and the conditions that foster academic excellence in minority students; chapter three, in part using causal loop diagrams from system dynamics modelling, makes the case for appreciating education as a complex system - one with interlocking political, economic, pedagogic, and sociocultural forces - and thus urges caution in drawing conclusions from chapter two; and chapter four, drawing from the two preceding chapters, proposes three policy recommendations to improve not just the presence of minority students at selective institutions, but, more importantly, their overall academic thriving.<br>by Mobolaji Olatokunbo Akinpelu.<br>S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Evangelista, Roberto Rodrigues. "Acesso dos grupos raciais, branco e negro, às técnicas do espaço de Salvador." Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, 2013. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/20153.
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Roberto_Rodrigues_Evangelista_Dissertacao_Final.pdf: 863544 bytes, checksum: c12c076a52548e2903e32113f742c151 (MD5)<br>RESUMO
A Dissertação analisa as desigualdades entre pessoas brancas e pessoas negras,
de acordo com a declaração de pertencimento racial feita pelas pessoas aos Censos
do IBGE, quanto ao acesso às técnicas no espaço de Salvador. Compreendendo as
técnicas como um conjunto de meios instrumentais e sociais que são ponto de
partida para os processos de constituição e usos do território e de produção e
habitação do espaço. Além de tomar as técnicas como ponto de partida para a
realização dos diversos processos de trabalho realizados pelos homens e mulheres
na transformação da natureza, tornando-a cada vez mais adequada para a
reprodução da vida humana, o texto identifica e analisa os processos de formação
sócio-espacial e de constituição e usos do território e de produção e habitação do
espaço, tendo como delimitação territorial e espacial a cidade de Salvador, e como o
grupo racial branco e grupo racial negro se inserem e participam nesses processos.
O texto também aborda os processos de organização do espaço em Salvador, como
decorrência da forma como ocorreu a inserção do território e de sua fração na
divisão territorial do trabalho. Também é identificada no texto a distribuição espacial
das técnicas em áreas da cidade de Salvador e como os grupos raciais que habitam
essas áreas estão presentes e acessando as técnicas. As técnicas escolhidas para
análise do acesso dos grupos raciais brancos e negros foram: trabalho e respectiva
renda, educação, micro computador, automóvel particular, telefonia fixa, energia
elétrica e coleta de lixo.<br>ABSTRACT
The dissertation examines inequalities between white people and black people,
according to the statement made by persons belonging to racial IBGE Census, as
access to the techniques in the area of Salvador. Understanding the techniques as a
set of instrumental and social media that are the starting point for the process of
formation and uses of land and production and housing space. Besides taking
techniques as a starting point for achieving the various work processes performed by
men and women in the transformation of nature by making it increasingly suitable for
reproduction of human life, the text identifies and analyzes the processes of
formation socio-spatial formation and uses of land and production and housing space,
with the space and territorial delimitation the city of Salvador, and as the white racial
group and racial group are part black and part in these processes. The text also
addresses the processes of spatial organization in Salvador, as a result of how the
insertion occurred in the territory of his faction and the territorial division of labor. Also
identified in the text is the spatial distribution of technical areas in the city of Salvador
and how the racial groups that inhabit these areas are present and accessing
techniques. The techniques used to analyze the access of black and white racial
groups were working and their income, education, micro computer, private vehicles,
fixed telephony, electricity and garbage collection.
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Evangelista, Roberto Rodrigues. "Acesso dos grupos raciais, branco e negro, às técnicas no espaço de Salvador." Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, 2012. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/20633.
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Roberto_Rodrigues_Evangelista_Dissertacao_Final.pdf: 863544 bytes, checksum: c12c076a52548e2903e32113f742c151 (MD5)<br>A Dissertação analisa as desigualdades entre pessoas brancas e pessoas negras,
de acordo com a declaração de pertencimento racial feita pelas pessoas aos Censos
do IBGE, quanto ao acesso às técnicas no espaço de Salvador. Compreendendo as
técnicas como um conjunto de meios instrumentais e sociais que são ponto de
partida para os processos de constituição e usos do território e de produção e
habitação do espaço. Além de tomar as técnicas como ponto de partida para a
realização dos diversos processos de trabalho realizados pelos homens e mulheres
na transformação da natureza, tornando-a cada vez mais adequada para a
reprodução da vida humana, o texto identifica e analisa os processos de formação
sócio-espacial e de constituição e usos do território e de produção e habitação do
espaço, tendo como delimitação territorial e espacial a cidade de Salvador, e como o
grupo racial branco e grupo racial negro se inserem e participam nesses processos.
O texto também aborda os processos de organização do espaço em Salvador, como
decorrência da forma como ocorreu a inserção do território e de sua fração na
divisão territorial do trabalho. Também é identificada no texto a distribuição espacial
das técnicas em áreas da cidade de Salvador e como os grupos raciais que habitam
essas áreas estão presentes e acessando as técnicas. As técnicas escolhidas para
análise do acesso dos grupos raciais brancos e negros foram: trabalho e respectiva
renda, educação, micro computador, automóvel particular, telefonia fixa, energia
elétrica e coleta de lixo.<br>ABSTRACT
The dissertation examines inequalities between white people and black people,
according to the statement made by persons belonging to racial IBGE Census, as
access to the techniques in the area of Salvador. Understanding the techniques as a
set of instrumental and social media that are the starting point for the process of
formation and uses of land and production and housing space. Besides taking
techniques as a starting point for achieving the various work processes performed by
men and women in the transformation of nature by making it increasingly suitable for
reproduction of human life, the text identifies and analyzes the processes of
formation socio-spatial formation and uses of land and production and housing space,
with the space and territorial delimitation the city of Salvador, and as the white racial
group and racial group are part black and part in these processes. The text also
addresses the processes of spatial organization in Salvador, as a result of how the
insertion occurred in the territory of his faction and the territorial division of labor. Also
identified in the text is the spatial distribution of technical areas in the city of Salvador
and how the racial groups that inhabit these areas are present and accessing
techniques. The techniques used to analyze the access of black and white racial
groups were working and their income, education, micro computer, private vehicles,
fixed telephony, electricity and garbage collection.
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Bizet, François. "Division et élongation cellulaire dans l'apex de la racine : diversité de réponses au déficit hydrique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0258/document.
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La capacité d’une plante à réguler sa croissance racinaire est une composante importante de l’acclimatation aux stress environnementaux. A l’échelle cellulaire, cette régulation est effectuée via le contrôle de la division et de l’élongation des cellules mais les rôles respectifs de chaque processus et leurs interactions sont peu connus. Notamment, l’activité de production de cellules du méristème apical racinaire (RAM) est trop souvent négligée. Dans cette thèse, l’analyse spatiale de la croissance le long de l’apex racinaire et l’analyse temporelle des trajectoires de croissance des cellules ont été couplées pour comprendre les liens existants entre division et élongation cellulaire. Pour cela, j’ai développé un système de phénotypage de la croissance à haute résolution spatio-temporelle qui a été appliqué à l’étude de racines d’un peuplier euraméricain (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra) en réponse à différents stress (stress osmotique, impédance mécanique). Une forte variabilité du taux de croissance racinaire entre individus ainsi que des variations individuelles cycliques de la croissance ont été observées malgré des conditions environnementales contrôlées. L’utilisation de cette variabilité couplée à la quantification de l’activité du RAM a mis en évidence l’importance du taux de production de cellules pour soutenir la croissance racinaire. Ces travaux analysent une nouvelle échelle de variations spatiales et temporelles de la croissance peu prise en compte jusqu’à présent. Hautement applicable à d’autres questions scientifiques, l’analyse du devenir des cellules une fois sortie du RAM est également discutée pour des conditions de croissance non stables<br>Regulation of root growth is a crucial capacity of plants for acclimatization to environmental stresses. At cell scale, this regulation is controlled through cell division and cell elongation but respective importance of these processes and interactions between them are still poorly known. Notably, the cell production activity of the root apical meristem (RAM) is often excluded. During this thesis, spatial analyses of growth along the root apex were coupled with temporal analyses of cell trajectories in order to decipher the links between cell division and cell elongation. This required the setup of a system for phenotyping root growth at a high spatiotemporal resolution which was applied to study the growth of roots from an euramerican poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra) in response to different environmental stresses (osmotic stress or mechanical impedance). An important variability of root growth rate between individuals as well as individual cyclic variations of growth along time were observed despite tightly controlled environmental conditions. Use of this variability coupled with quantification of the RAM activity led us to a better understanding of the importance of the cell production rate for sustaining root growth. This work analyses a new spatiotemporal scale of growth variability poorly considered. Widely applicable to others scientific questioning, temporal analyses of cell fate once produced in the RAM is also discussed for non-steady growth conditions
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Vuylsteker, Christophe. "Régulation de la nitrate réductase dans la racine isolée de chicorée : effet des auxines et des cytokinines." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMP9225.
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Barrada, Adam. "Découverte de nouveaux composants de la voie de TOR de plantes par une approche de génétique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0165.
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Target of rapamycin est une large kinase conservée chez la plupart des eucaryotes. Elle est au centre d’une voie de signalisation régulant la croissance, le métabolisme en fonction de l’environnement et a été largement étudiée chez l’homme du fait de son implication dans des maladies telles que le cancer. Chez les plantes, son étude est moins avancée mais le développement d’inhibiteurs ATP compétitifs chez l’homme a offert de nouvelles possibilités pour la recherche en biologie végétale. En effet, l’utilisation d’un inhibiteur de TOR nous a permis de réaliser le criblage d’une banque de mutants ethyl méthansulfonate et de découvrir une nouvelle cible de TOR : YAK1. Cette dernière régule la croissance en inhibant la prolifération. Le criblage de mutants a également permis de découvrir des mutations dans TOR affectant sa sensibilité ou son affinité pour l’inhibiteur. Ceci offre un nouvel outil pour étudier la fonction de TOR de plantes<br>Target of rapamycin is a large kinase existing in most eucaryots such as plants and animals. It is at the center of a signaling pathway regulating growth and metabolism in response to environmental changes, which has been the subject of many studies in humans because of its implication in diseases like cancer. However in plants, the exploration of this pathway is less advanced but the development of ATP competitive inhibitors in humans has offered new possibilities for plant research. Indeed, the use of a TOR inhibitor has allowed us to screen an ethyl methansulfonate mutant bank and discover a new target of TOR: YAK1. The latter regulates growth by inhibiting proliferation notably through cyclin-dependant kinase inhibitors. The screen also allowed us to uncover TOR mutations which potentially affect TOR activity and/or affinity to the inhibitor. This offers a new tool for the study of TOR function in plants
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Trinh, Duy Chi. "Propriétés du réseau de gènes contrôlant l'organisation du primordium de racine latérale chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG003/document.
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L’organogenèse post-embryonnaire des racines latérales joue un rôle essentiel dans l’établissement de l’architecture du système racinaire des plantes, et donc dans leur croissance et leur performance. L’objectif de cette thèse est de caractériser le réseau de gènes régulant le développement des racines latérales et en particulier, l’organisation fonctionnelle du primordium de racine latérale, formant un nouveau méristème racinaire, chez la plante modèleArabidopsis thaliana en combinant des études de biologie des systèmes appliquées à la dynamique du transcriptome lors de la formation des racines latérales avec la caractérisation fonctionnelle de gènes candidats pour la régulation de ce phénomène d’organogenèse.La première partie de la thèse concerne l’identification des cibles de PUCHI, un facteur de transcription de type AP2/EREBP impliqué dans le contrôle de la prolifération et de la différentiation cellulaire dans le primordium de racine latérale. Le phénotype liés à la parte de fonction de PUCHI a été caractérisé en détail et à mis en évidence un rôle de ce facteur de transcription dans l'initiation des racines latérales et le développement et l'organisation des primordia. Par l’analyse de profils spatiaux et temporels d’expression de gènes, nous avons pu mettre en évidence que l’expression de gènes codant des protéines impliquées dans la biosynthèse des acides gras à très longues chaînes (VLCFA) est transitoirement activée durant la formation de la racine latérale et que cette dynamique est dépendante de PUCHI. De plus, le mutant kcs1-5, perturbé dans la biosynthèse de VLCFAs, présente un phénotype de développement des racines latérales similaire à celui de puchi-1. Par ailleurs, la perte de fonction puchi-1 augmente fortement la formation de cals continus dans des racines cultivées sur milieu inducteur riche en auxine, ce qui est cohérent avec le rôle récemment décrit des VLCFA racinaires dans la formation et l’organisation de cals distincts lorsque la racine est cultivé sur milieu inducteur de cals. L'ensemble de nos résultats démontre que PUCHI régule positivement l’expression de gènes de biosynthèse de VLCFAs lors de la formation de racines latérales et la callogenèse. Nos résultats confortent également l’hypothèse selon laquelle la formation des racines latérales et celle de cals racinaires partagent des mécanismes de régulation communs.La seconde partie de la thèse s’intéresse à l’identification de facteurs régulateurs clés dans l’organisation fonctionnelle du primordium de racine latérale et particulièrement, l’organisation d’un nouveau méristème racinaire. J’ai contribué à produire de nouvelles lignées de plantes permettant de suivre en temps réel par microscopie confocale la mise en place des identités cellulaires caractéristiques d’un méristème racinaire dans le primordium de racine latérale en développement. En utilisant un algorithme d’inférence de réseau de gènes, j’ai produit puis analysé les relations prédites de régulation entre gènes d’intérêt, afin d’identifier des gènes candidats potentiellement impliqués dans la formation du centre quiescent, un élément clé dans l’organisation du primordium et la mise en place du nouveau méristème racinaire. La caractérisation fonctionnelle de certains de ces gènes candidats a été initiée.Ces travaux de thèse ont donc contribué à mieux comprendre les mécanismes de régulation de la formation des racines latérales chez Arabidopsis thaliana<br>Post-embryonic lateral root organogenesis plays an essential role in defining plant root system architecture, and therefore plant growth and fitness. The aim of the thesis is to elucidate the gene regulatory network regulating lateral root development and de novo root meristem formation during root branching in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana by combining a system-biology based analysis of lateral root primordium transcritome dynamics with the functional characterization of genes possibly involved in regulating lateral root organogenesis.The first part of the thesis deals with the identification the target genes of PUCHI, an AP2/EREBP transcription factor that is involved in controlling cell proliferation and differentiation during lateral root formation. We showed that loss of PUCHI function leads to defects lateral root initiation and primordium growth and organisation. We found that several genes coding for proteins of the very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis machinery are transiently induced in a PUCHI-dependent manner during lateral root development. Moreover, a mutant perturbed in VLCFA biosynthesis (kcs1-5) displays similar lateral root development defects as does puchi-1. In addition, puchi-1 loss of function mutant roots show enhanced and continuous callus formation in auxin-rich callus induction medium, consistent with the recently reported role of VLCFAs in organizing separated callus proliferation on this inductive growing medium. Thus, our results show that PUCHI positively regulates the expression of VLCFA biosynthesis genes during lateral root development, and further support the hypothesis that lateral root and callus formation share common genetic regulatory mechanisms.A second part of the thesis specifically addresses the issue of identifying key regulators of root meristem organization in the developing lateral root primordium. Material enabling the tracking of meristem cell identity establishment in developing primordia with live confocal microscopy was generated. A gene network inference was run to predict potential regulatory relationships between genes of interest during the time course of lateral root development. It identified potential regulators of quiescent center formation, a key step in functional organization of the lateral root primordia into a new root apical meristem. The characterization of some of these candidate genes was initiated.Altogether, this work participated in deciphering the genetic regulation of lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Lambert-Harvey, Mireille. "Cohabiter sans coexister : division sociale de l'espace et relations interraciales entre les aborigènes et les euro-australiens à Alice Springs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26141/26141.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Divisão racial"
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Colorado. Department of Regulatory Agencies. Office of Policy, Research, and Regulatory Reform. 2006 sunset review, the Colorado Racing Commission and the Colorado Division of Racing Events. Colorado Dept. of Regulatory Agencies, Office of Policy, Research and Regulatory Reform, 2006.
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3
1977-, Norman Brian, and Williams Piper Kendrix 1972-, eds. Representing segregation: Toward an aesthetics of living Jim Crow, and other forms of racial division. State University of New York Press, 2010.
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4
Barr, Kevin J. Racism and discrimination: Scandal and division in our human family. World Council of Churches, 2002.
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5
Fielden, Greg. Rumblin' ragtops: The history of NASCAR's fabulous convertible division and speedway division. Galfield Press, 1990.
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Profiling, New Jersey State Police Review Team Regarding Allegations of Racial. Interim report of the State Police Review Team Regarding Allegations of Racial Profiling. New Jersey Dept. of Law and Public Safety, 1999.
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Neves, Angela Vieira, and Reginaldo Ghiraldelli, eds. Trabalho, democracia e participação no Brasil. Editora UnB, 2022.
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Smith, D. Dale. Racing to the past: Oldsmobile and its demise. Backfire Press, 2004.
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Committee, New Jersey Legislature Senate Judiciary. Report of the New Jersey Senate Judiciary Committee's investigation of racial profiling and the New Jersey State Police. The Committee, 2001.
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Paul, Stuiber, and Wisconsin. Legislature. Legislative Audit Bureau., eds. An evaluation, Division of Gaming, Department of Administration. Wisconsin Legislative Audit Bureau, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Divisão racial"
1
Smith, Gareth Dylan. "Rap, Racism, and Punk Pedagogy." In Difference and Division in Music Education. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429278525-10.
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Seekings, Jeremy. "The Social Question in Pre-apartheid South Africa: Race, Religion and the State." In One Hundred Years of Social Protection. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54959-6_6.
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AbstractIn the first half of the twentieth century, “social” issues in South Africa were framed by both rapid social and economic change (especially industrialisation and urbanisation) and racial division. The social question in South Africa was as much a racialised version of a “national question” as a social one, revolving around the social and economic inclusion (through state intervention) of “poor white” people and white workers and the reinforcement of a clear racial hierarchy. From the 1930s, political elites slowly moved towards the very partial inclusion of the African majority. Political and religious ideas, primarily from Europe, informed understandings of the social question among both supporters and opponents of public provision.
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Palmadessa, Allison L. "Democracy in American Public Discourse: Power and the Crisis of Leadership, Race, and Division (or Unity)." In Handbook of Racism, Xenophobia, and Populism. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13559-0_41.
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Alves, Leonardo Dias, and Reginaldo Ghiraldelli. "A divisão racial do trabalho na formação social brasileira." In Trabalho, democracia e participação no Brasil. Editora UnB, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7476/9786558461654.0004.
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Gaspar, Sérgio Ricardo. "MULHERES NEGRAS EMPREENDEDORAS: CONTRAPONTO A DIVISÃO SEXUAL E RACIAL DO TRABALHO." In Administração: Estudos organizacionais e sociedade. Atena Editora, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.32721170913.
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Ghiraldelli, Reginaldo, and Leonardo Dias Alves. "Capítulo 2 - A divisão racial do trabalho na formação social brasileira." In Trabalho, democracia e participação no Brasil. Editora Universidade de Brasília (EDU), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/9786558461302.c2.
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FERREIRA, A. A., A. T. C. SILVA, and L. I. G. BORGES. "A MANIFESTAÇÃO DO CAPITALISMO NA OPRESSÃO DE GÊNERO: DISCUSSÕES SOBRE A DIVISÃO SEXUAL DO TRABALHO." In DIVERSIDADE ETNICO-RACIAL E DE GÊNERO: TEMAS EMERGENTES. Arco Editores, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48209/978-65-89949-77-1.
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Souza, Helton da Silva, and Carlos Antonio de Souza Moraes. "SERVIÇO SOCIAL E PROCESSOS DE ADOECIMENTO DO TRABALHO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PRODUÇÃO ACADÊMICO-CIENTÍFICA." In Open Science Research XI. Editora Científica Digital, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37885/230513028.
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Este artigo fundamenta-se na análise do Serviço Social enquanto profissão assalariada, inscrita na divisão social, técnica, racial e sexual do trabalho e atravessada por constrangimentos relativos às transformações do trabalho em uma conjuntura marcada pelo capitalismo de tipo neoliberal. Objetiva investigar as contribuições da produção acadêmico-científica na área do Serviço Social brasileiro, a respeito dos processos de adoecimento do trabalho, considerando a precarização de suas condições e relações na particularidade das políticas sociais, base de sustentação ocupacional-funcional da profissão. Para o seu desenvolvimento, recorre a uma investigação bibliográfica de tipo narrativa ou tradicional, selecionando autores que fundamentam as suas análises na teoria crítica e publicações avaliadas por comitês científicos e bancas, a fim de garantir a validade dos dados.
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del Junco, Emilio Comay. "Four Types of Racism." In The Empire of Disgust. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199487837.003.0004.
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This chapter develops a philosophical account of ‘racism without racists’ in the US. It starts by noting the contrast between the strong taboos against expressing racist sentiments that have emerged since the 1960s Civil Rights era and the staggering levels of racial inequality which have remained relatively unchanged. It then develops a division of racism into four broad types. The first involves an explicit denial of humanity to racial minorities. The second endorses formal equality while denying the legitimacy of substantive claims that would lessen racial inequality and while enforcing policies in racially differential ways. This type of racism implicitly rather than explicitly stigmatises members of racially subordinate groups. The third type of racism falls under the rubric of racially harmful actions motivated by implicit bias while the fourth is what I dub ‘racial akrasia’ or ‘akratic racism’, borrowing the philosophical term of art for actions performed knowingly against an agent’s sincere better judgments. Unlike standard cases of implicit bias, in which racially stigmatizing beliefs are unconscious, racial akrasia involves some degree of awareness on the part of the agent. Though the first two kinds of racism are all too present in the contemporary American landscape, I argue that an account limited to these will fail to take in significant ways by which racial inequality is produced and reproduced and thus needs to be supplemented by an account of this third kind of racism. I also suggest that that addressing newer and more subtle forms of American racism will take more than individual goodwill, but must focus on material inequality and perhaps above all thinking more clearly about what meaningful integration entails.
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Saul, Jennifer Mather. "Figleaves for Racism." In Dogwhistles and Figleaves. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192871756.003.0004.
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Abstract This chapter introduces the idea of racial figleaves, which are typically additional material that raises some doubt about whether an otherwise racist-seeming utterance really is racist. It argues that racial figleaves play an important and dangerous role in shifting the way that important norms (such as norms against racism) are understood. The chapter discusses many kinds of racial figleaf—including non-linguistic figleaves (such as visual or human figleaves), figleaves for other people’s utterances, and figleaves for actions. It addresses the tricky issue of determining when an utterance is a figleaf, and the question of whether a figleaf must actually be covering for racism. Finally, the chapter shows the importance of figleaves both for mainstreaming explicitly racist discourse and for fomenting division among groups.
Conference papers on the topic "Divisão racial"
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Lee, Stephanie Kyuyoung. "Hard Labor, Soft Space: The Making of Radical Ruralism." In 112th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.112.101.
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“Hard Labor, Soft Space” is a research-based design investigation on the current surge of collective farms and radical food systems in and around the Hudson Valley.What does it mean to create an infrastructure of care, and systems of resilience within a capitalist landscape of production, extraction, and exploitation?Against the backdrop of land distribution laws such as the Homestead Act (1862) and Alien Land Laws (1913 to present) that have driven the current racial disparity in agricultural land ownership, this project reframes rurality as a site of radical reclamation. This research forms a comparative genealogy of utopian agrarian projects in the U.S. Starting from Pietist settlements (such as Icarians, Shakers and Amana Colonies) to 19th and 20th Century Abolitionist movements in the United States, to the current wave of BIPOC-led radical farms. Through creating a continuous timeline, the project links together more than fifty agrarian based communities across the U.S. From early forms of abolitionist communities such as Nashoba Community (1825-1828) and Timbuctoo (1848–1855), to Black cooperative movements such as Freedom Farms Cooperative (1969-1976) and New Communities Incorporated (1969-1985). The project creates a BIPOC-centered historical narrative for recent land justice projects such as Sweet Freedom Farm, Gentle Time Farm, Soulfire Farm, Choy Division, and Ayni Herb Farm, all located within the state of New York.In 1972, Liselotte and Oswald Mathias Ungers’ published “Communes in the New World: 1740–1972”, a study on utopian commune living.2 “Hard Labor, Soft Space” is part-homage, and part-critique by addressing the erasure of racial history in rural ideation, and proposes future living strategies rooted in racial and social justice. Through archiving, interviewing and counter- mapping, this project highlights alternative agrarian settlements and renounces models of industrial farming that thrive on the extraction of labor, capital, and lands of others.
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Kunze, Andrea. "Examining the Effects of a Digital Racial Microaggression Game and During-Learning Processes on Racial Attitudes (Poster 3): Division C - Section 2a: Cognitive and Motivational Processes, 3:10 PM." In 2024 AERA Annual Meeting. AERA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2166541.
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Baysal, Oktay, and Terry L. Meek. "Computational Aerodynamics of a Winston-Cup-Series Race Car." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31371.
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Since the goal of racing is to win and since drag is a force that the vehicle must overcome, a thorough understanding of the drag generating airflow around and through a race car is greatly desired. The external airflow contributes to most of the drag that a car experiences and most of the downforce the vehicle produces. Therefore, an estimate of the vehicle’s performance may be evaluated using a computational fluid dynamics model. First, a computer model of the race car was created from the measurements of the car obtained by using a laser triangulation system. After a computer-aided drafting model of the actual car was developed, the model was simplified by removing the tires, roof strakes, and modification of the spoiler. A mesh refinement study was performed by exploring five cases with different mesh densities. By monitoring the convergence of the computed drag coefficient, the case with 2 million elements was selected as being the baseline case. Results included flow visualization of the pressure and velocity fields and the wake in the form of streamlines and vector plots. Quantitative results included lift and drag, and the body surface pressure distribution to determine the centerline pressure coefficient. When compared with the experimental results, the computed drag forces were comparable but expectedly lower than the experimental data mainly attributable to the differences between the present model and the actual car.
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Nedyalkov, Ivaylo, Adam Lovell, and Alec Cunningham. "Experimental Investigation of a Drafting Cyclist in Cross-Wind." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69398.
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Drafting is commonly utilized in cycling, particularly during competitions. According to the literature, in a racing environment, the riders can expend 90% of their energy on overcoming drag, and can save about 30% of their energy by riding behind another rider in the absence of cross-wind. In the presence of a strong cross-wind, competitive cyclists form echelons by placing themselves about halfway behind each other, while being slightly offset sideways. Although forming an echelon is a common practice, the formation has not been sufficiently studied in the literature. To address this, the drag and side forces on a model cyclist were studied experimentally. A simplified 3D model was built based on the outline of a competitive cyclist. Two 1:11 scale models were rapid-prototyped and tested in a wind tunnel. The drafting effects on a cyclist were investigated for different yaw angles — the angles of the apparent wind with respect to the direction of cyclist motion. The effects of wind-stream-wise position and wind-off-stream-wise position were studied for each angle by measuring the drag and side-force on a model placed in the wake of another identical model. The results suggest that there is a significant decrease in both drag and side force when a cyclist is riding in the wake of another cyclist. Although a smaller wind-stream-wise offset generally results in smaller forces, this effect is not significant for most configurations. The offset in the wind-off-stream-wise direction has a noticeable effect on the forces — no off-stream-wise offset results in the lowest drag and side force, except for low yaw angles at which it may be beneficial for the drafting cyclist to be slightly forward with respect to the in-line (no offset) position.
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Peel, Michael. "Climate Justice Collaborative Toolkit: A Community Co-Development Process for Addressing Climate and Racial Justice Needs (Poster 20): Division L - Section 8: Social Policy and Education, 8:25 AM." In 2024 AERA Annual Meeting. AERA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2166522.
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Corti, Enrico, and Claudio Forte. "A Statistical Approach to Spark Advance Mapping." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2009-76111.
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Engines performance and efficiency are largely influenced by the combustion phasing. Operating conditions and control settings influence the combustion development over the crankshaft angle: the most effective control parameter used by Electronic Control Units (ECU) to optimize the combustion process for Spark Ignition (SI) engines is Spark Advance (SA). SA mapping is a time-consuming process, usually carried out with the engine running in steady state on the test bench, changing SA values while monitoring Brake and Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP, IMEP) and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC). Mean values of IMEP and BSFC for a test carried out with a given SA setting are considered as the parameters to optimize. However, the effect of SA on IMEP and BSFC is not deterministic, due to the cycle-to-cycle variation: the analysis of mean values requires many engine cycles to be significant of the performance obtained with the given control setting. Finally other elements, such as engine or components ageing, and disturbances like Air-to-Fuel Ratio (AFR) or air, water and oil temperature variations, could affect the tests results: this facet can be very significant for racing engines testing. This paper presents a novel approach to SA mapping, with the objective of improving the performance analysis robustness, while reducing the test time. The methodology is based on the observation that, for a given running condition, IMEP can be considered a function of the combustion phasing, represented by the 50% Mass Fraction Burned (MFB50) parameter. Due to cycle-to-cycle variation, many different MFB50 and IMEP values are obtained during a steady state test carried out with constant SA. While MFB50 and IMEP absolute values are influenced by disturbance factors, the relationship between them holds, and it can be synthesized by means of the angular coefficient of the tangent line to the MFB50-IMEP distribution. The angular coefficient variations as a function of SA can be used to feed a SA controller, able to maintain the optimal combustion phasing. Similarly, knock detection is approached by evaluating two indexes: the distribution of a typical knock-sensitive parameter (MAPO, Maximum Amplitude of Pressure Oscillations) is related to that of CHRNET (net Cumulative Heat Release), determining a robust knock index. A knock limiter controller can then be added, in order to restrict the SA range to safe values. The methodology can be implemented in real-time combustion controllers: the algorithms have been applied offline to sampled data, showing the feasibility of fast and robust automatic mapping procedures.
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Miller, Paul H. "Dynamic Lift Coefficients for Spade Rudders on Yachts." In SNAME 18th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2007-017.
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The loss of a rudder is a dangerous situation for any vessel, and with the increasingly higher aspect ratios in current sailing yacht rudder designs, a better understanding of the forces on a rudder are required. While many failures have been caused by impacts with objects, a large number have failed due to underestimation of sailing loads. While larger aspect ratios increase the lift-to-drag ratio, they also increase the bending moment about the rudder’s root. Combined with thinner airfoil sections to reduce drag, modern rudders are highly stressed. Traditional design methods normally assume that the maximum lift coefficient is constant for all aspect ratios. This project combined computational fluid dynamics (CFD), finite element analysis (FEA) and the tank testing of a 1/5-scale yacht to determine suitable design lift coefficients for spade rudders of cruising and racing yachts. Two rudders of different aspect ratios were tested at various speeds, heel angles and wave conditions in the tank at the Naval Surface Warfare Center – Carderock Division. The rudders were equipped with strain gauges to determine the strains at various positions along the stock and blade. The strain profile was compared against FEA results that used a CFD prediction of the pressure profile. Through back-calculation the lift coefficients in still water and waves were derived. The results indicated that these lift coefficients are not constant.
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Cavina, Nicolo`, Enrico Corti, and Luca Solieri. "A Heat Flux Damages-Related Index." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1425.
Full textAbstract:
Gasoline engines can be affected, under certain operating conditions, by excessive heat flux through the combustion chamber walls, which can result in serious engine damage. Specific power and efficiency are influenced by factors such as compression ratio and spark advance regulation, that modify the combustion development over the crank angle: the trade-off between performance and the risk of irreversible damages is still a key factor in the design of both high-performance (racing) and low-consumption engines. New generation detection systems, especially based on ionization current technology, allow aggressive advance mapping and control, and future equipment, such as low-cost in-cylinder pressure transducers, will allow following that trend. Also HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) engines need a sophisticated combustion monitoring methodology, since increasing BMEP levels in HCCI mode force the combustion to approach large heat-flux operation. Many methodologies can be found in the literature to recognize potentially dangerous combustions, usually based on the analysis of accelerometer, in-cylinder pressure or ionization current signals. Signals are sampled with high sample rates, than filtered, for a clear recognition of the phenomenon. Filtered signals can then be used to define damage-related indexes, by means of various types of mathematical operations. The indexes are then compared to pre-defined thresholds, for the diagnosis of dangerous combustion events. Thresholds setting is a challenging task, since most indexes are usually not intrinsically related to the damages caused by abnormal combustion events. Furthermore, the indexes values usually strongly depend on the engine operating conditions (speed and load), and thresholds must therefore vary with respect to speed and load. This paper presents a novel approach to the problem, whose objective is to define a damage-related and operating conditions-independent index. The methodology is based on the in-cylinder pressure signal, that is used for the Rate Of Heat Release evaluation. An onset condition is defined, for the dangerous phenomenon identification, and the mean thermal power released during the over-heating part of the combustion is considered as a damage intensity index. The paper shows that this parameter does not depend on the engine operating conditions, and it reaches similar values for different types of engine, under critical conditions. The index, however, must also take into account the malfunction frequency, since permanent damages are not caused by isolated events. The use of a moving average filter on the raw index is aimed at obtaining a stable output, more representative of the permanent damage risk and less influenced by the single combustion. These considerations lead to the definition of a heat flux index, strictly related to the damages caused by abnormal combustions. The diagnostic threshold value is constant over the entire operating range. Once the index is defined, it can be implemented on a control unit for real time diagnosis, or it can be used as a reference for the off-line calibration of other indexes. Examples are shown of other indexes trends and threshold calibrations over the engine operating range.
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Virella, Patricia. "Preparing Racially Equitable Leaders? A Critical Content Analysis of Leadership Preparation Frameworks (Poster 11): Division A - Section 5: Leadership Preparation Development, 10:08 AM." In 2024 AERA Annual Meeting. AERA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2166569.
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Emmons, Shawn, Chris Boggs, and Mehdi Ahmadian. "Parametric Modeling of a Highly-Adjustable Race Damper." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13308.
Full textAbstract:
As sanctioning bodies impose more restrictions on the number of days race teams are allowed to test, the successful use of component models and simulation becomes the division between a winning team, and all the rest. One of the main components race teams use to adjust the handling characteristics of their racecar is the damper. Damper adjustments allow the team to control body attitude, maximize the grip of the tires and fine-tune the car for driver feel. During track testing, teams make multiple damper adjustments based on the dampers they have characterized on their dynamometers back at the shop. To help expedite this process, a damper model is developed so a large range of adjustments can be quickly characterized without having to rebuild the damper and then run each adjustment on the dynamometer. This paper considers modeling of a highly-adjustable race damper made by Penske Racing Shocks for the NASCAR Nextel Cup Series. In addition to flow through piston bleed orifices, and valves in the piston, as considered in previous models, this model also considers flows through a head valve. With the completed model, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of varying different damper parameters. The results of this study will show the effects various parameters have on the damper's output force. The final model will not only allow race teams to see the results of a damper adjustment, but will also aid in damper design and give an improved damper model for vehicle simulation.