Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Division de la construction mécanique'
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Pattana, Somchai. "Division d'un milieu cellulaire sous contraintes mécaniques : utilisation de la mécanique des matériaux granulaires." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20187.
Full textGardelle, Vincent. "Mécanique des assemblages et renforts collés en construction bois." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13073.
Full textShetty, Reshma P. (Reshma Padmini). "Applying engineering principles to the design and construction of transcriptional devices." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44921.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-203).
The aim of this thesis is to consider how fundamental engineering principles might best be applied to the design and construction of engineered biological systems. I begin by applying these principles to a key application area of synthetic biology: metabolic engineering. Abstraction is used to compile a desired system function, reprogramming bacterial odor, to devices with human-defined function, then to biological parts, and finally to genetic sequences. Standardization is used to make the process of engineering a multi-component system easier. I then focus on devices that implement digital information processing through transcriptional regulation in Escherichia coli. For simplicity, I limit the discussion to a particular type of device, a transcriptional inverter, although much of the work applies to other devices as well. First, I discuss basic issues in transcriptional inverter design. Identification of key metrics for evaluating the quality of a static device behavior allows informed device design that optimizes digital performance. Second, I address the issue of ensuring that transcriptional devices work in combination by presenting a framework for developing standards for functional composition. The framework relies on additional measures of device performance, such as error rate and the operational demand the device places on the cellular chassis, in order to proscribe standard device signal thresholds. Third, I develop an experimental, proof-of-principle implementation of a transcriptional inverter based on a synthetic transcription factor derived from a zinc finger DNA binding domain and a leucine zipper dimerization domain. Zinc fingers and leucine zippers offer a potential scalable solution to the challenge of building libraries of transcription-based logic devices for arbitrary information processing in cells.
(cont.) Finally, I extend the principle of physical composition standards from parts and devices to the vectors that propagate those parts and devices. The new vectors support the assembly of biological systems. Taken together, the work helps to advance the transformation of biological system design from an ad hoc, artisanal craft to a more predictable, engineering discipline.
by Reshma P. Shetty.
Ph.D.
Dursapt, Michel. "Contribution expérimentale de la métrologie des états de surface à l'étude du comportement des surfaces rugueuses soumises à l'action de contraintes mécaniques." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECDL0014.
Full textJi, Michel. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique des géotextiles." Mulhouse, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MULH0197.
Full textJulien, Jean-Daniel. "Bases physiques de la morphogenèse : couplage entre mécanique et croissance des plantes et de la levure." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1064/document.
Full textThe work presented here is the result of three different projects about the coupling of mechanics and growth. The first chapter is a review about mechanics and elongation of walled cells, focused on the computational studies. The second chapter presents some models of the mechanics of development with more technical details. The third chapter is a study of the establishment and stabilization of polarity in fission yeast spores, a phenomenon that relies on a coupling between mechanics, polarity, and growth. The fourth chapter is the computational study of a chemomechanical model of plant phyllotaxis. Patterns of growth hormone are achieved thanks to a feedback with cell mechanics and polar transport. We focused our attention on the question of stress- or strain-sensing, ignored in most other studies of the interaction between biochemistry and mechanics. The fifth chapter is also about a coupling between polarity and mechanics. We investigate how the mechanical stress generated by growth or curvature of the tissues can override the geometrical cues to orient the cell divisions in the shoot apical meristem
Atangana, Ateba Jean. "Etude et développement d'une chaine de fabrication de pièces composites par enroulement filamentaire." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS065.
Full textReynier, Marie. "Sur le contrôle de modélisations par éléments finis : recalage à partir d'essais dynamiques." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066668.
Full textBartolomei, Jason E. "Qualitative knowledge construction for engineering systems : extending the design structure matrix methodology in scope and procedure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43855.
Full textMIT Barker Engineering Library copy: printed in pages.
Also issued printed in pages.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-146).
This thesis presents a new modeling framework and research methodology for the study of engineering systems. The thesis begins with a formal conceptualization of Engineering Systems based upon a synthesis of various literatures. Using this conceptualization, a new modeling framework is presented called the Engineering Systems Matrix (ESM). The ESM is an improvement to existing system-level modeling frameworks, such as the Design Structure Matrix (DSM), by providing a dynamic, end-to-end representation of an engineering system. In support of this contribution, a new research methodology is presented called Qualitative Knowledge Construction (QKC). QKC can be thought of as a Bayesian-type approach to grounded theory. The methodology integrates qualitative social science with quantitative methods by developing a procedure for translating textual reports of observations, interview transcripts, system documentation, and figures into coded data represented in the ESM. The thesis develops the ESM framework and the QKC methodology in the context of a real world engineering system, a US Air Force miniature uninhabited air vehicle (MAV) product development system.
by Jason E. Bartolomei.
Ph.D.
Øvergaard, Johan Arthur. "Construction of digital integer arithmetic : FPGA implementation of high throughput pipelined division circuit." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9034.
Full textThis assignment has been given by Defence Communication (DC) which is a division of Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace(KDA). KDA develops amongst other things military radio equipment for communication and data transfer. In this equipment there is use of digital logic that performes amongst other things integer and fixed point division. Current systems developed at KDA uses both application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) to implement the digital logic. In both these technologies it is implemented circuit to performed integer and fixed point division. These are designed for low latency implementations. For future applications it is desire to investigate the possibility of implementing a high throughput pipelined division circuit for both 16 and 64 bit operands. In this project several commonly implemented division methods and algorithms has been studied, amongst others digit recurrence and multiplicative algorithms. Of the studied methods, multiplicative methods early stood out as the best implementation. These methods include the Goldschmidt and Newton-Raphson method. Both these methods require and initial approximation towards the correct answer. Based on this, several methods for finding an initial approximation were investigated, amongst others bipartite and multipartite lookup tables. Of the two multiplicative methods, Newton-Raphsons method proved to give the best implementation. This is due to the fact that it is possible with Newton-Raphsons method to implement each stage with the same bit widths as the precision out of that stage. This means that each stage is only halve the size of the succeeding stage. Also since the first stages were found to be small compared to the last stage, it was found that it is best to use a rough approximation towards the correct value and then use more stages to achieve the target precision. To evaluate how different design choices will affect the speed, size and throughput of an implementation, several configurations were implemented in VHDL and synthesized to FPGAs. These implementations were optimized for high speed whit high pipeline depth and size, and low speed with low pipeline depth and size. This was done for both 16 and 64 bits implementations. The synthesizes showed that there is possible to achieve great speed at the cost of increased size, or a small circuit while still achieving an acceptable speed. In addition it was found that it is optimal in a high throughput pipelined division circuit to use a less precise initial approximation and instead use more iterations stages.
Lafond, Cassandra. "Stratégie d'amélioration de la résistance mécanique des zones de connecteurs." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26841.
Full textWood experiences a growing demand as a construction material in tall buildings. Its aesthetic qualities and the fact that it is a renewable material make it attractive for architects. When compared to functionally equivalent products, it appears that the wood decreases non-renewable energy consumption and total energy demand. Plus, wood carbon storage can reduce the environmental footprint of buildings when compared to steel or concrete. Now allowed up to six stories high in Canada, tall wood buildings are matter for important design challenges. When designing structures, the connector areas are often the critical points. Indeed, the stresses are highest there. Thus, the structures tend to appear massive and to reduce architectural innovation. New strategies need to be developed to improve the mechanical strength in the connector zone. Various studies have recently brought on creating or improving assembly type. In this study, the aim is to target the material used in the connection area by reinforcing it. The impregnation was chosen as the strengthening solution since the literature demonstrates that it is possible to increase the wood hardness with this technique. The use of this treatment on black spruce (Picea Mariana (Mill.) BSP) as a structural application is the novelty element in this research. Despite a full piece impregnation, the low permeability wood species helped to create a thin layer of densified surface without having to use a large quantity of chemicals. A vacuum-pressure impregnation process was used to develop a new wood-based material more performant in assemblies. The impregnation agent was composed of 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane tricacrylate and of a polyester acrylate oligomer. A second formulation containing SiO2 nanoparticles allowed to verify the effect of the nanoparticles on the treatment. The dowel-bearing strength test was performed to determine the contribution of the treatment on the wood used as a connector element. The scale effect was observed by performing the test with three different diameters of bolts (9.525 mm, 12.700 mm and 15.875 mm). In addition, the test was carried out according to a load applied in the perpendicular to grain direction for the mean diameter of bolt (12.700 mm). The digital image correlation was used while executing the dowel-bearing test as an analytical tool to compare the differences between strain fields before and after the reinforcement treatment. Results have shown higher bearing strengths after treatment. Furthermore, the efficiency was increased more the bolt diameter decreased. The best results were defined as a 79% greater dowel bearing strength for the characteristic value using the bolt of 9.525 mm. The stiffness of treated wood was higher of approximately 30%. Better mechanical performances after treatment are associated to the increase of density giving by the polymerization of formulation at the border of the bolt hole. Change in dowel bearing strength was almost nonexistent for the perpendicular to grain orientation. Low depth penetration due to the wood anatomy limiting the permeability in the perpendicular to grain direction caused this phenomenon. For the treated sample, the presence of a cracking failure was less common. With the digital image correlation analysis, the strains were found to be distributed more widely around the connection area. Also, no significant differences were found in the samples treated with and without nanoparticles. A slightly lower chemical retention was observed for the treated with nanoparticles sample group due to the accumulation of nanoparticles acting as a barrier at wood surface. Normally, this could lead to better densification of the external layer of the wood, but in this case mechanical performances were the same. There is no need to add nanoparticles and increase the cost of chemicals. Despite a very low penetration of the liquid inside the timber, the densified layer created at wood surface is suitable to produce a new, strong material in the connecting areas. The reinforcement of wood in connectors region could influence the design of large structures. With strengthen connection elements, it would be possible to extend the beams spans, thus multiplying the architectural possibilities. The reinforcement could also reduce the sections of beams and decrease the need in construction materials. This would result in diminished transport costs and faster assembly times. In addition, a fewer quantity of connector elements could be needed, reducing the supply costs in metal elements as well. The outcomes of a new and more efficient wood-based material used in connections would promote wood in tall buildings while helping to lower the environmental impact of buildings.
Cazes, Fabien. "Construction et implémentation de lois cohésives extrinsèques." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0075/these.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the common use of continuous models (damage, plasticity) and discontinuous models (cohesive zone models, Griffith theory) in rupture calculations. Two types of models are retained to modelize the diffuse phase of rupture as well as the localized phase appearing when the behaviour law becomes softening: - continuous models regularized with the implicit gradient method, - mixt continuous/discontinuous models associating a continuous hardening model to a cohesive zone model that takes into account the softening behaviour. The main objective of the thesis was the construction of a mixt continuous/discontinuous model from a continuous regularized model used as a reference model. The method used is based on the equivalent crack concept developed by Mazars which says that two models can be considered equivalent if the same quantity of energy is dissipated for a same problem. The numerical implementation of the method is done by realizing two successive calculations : a first calculation using a reference continuous model allows to extract the quantity of energy dissipated at each time step, then a second calculation allows to calculate incrementally the cohesive law of the equivalent model by using the dissipated energy increments calculated during the first calculation. On the other hand, a damage model for which the regularization only begins from the moment when the behaviour becomes softening has been developed. This model has two damage variables, which permits to make the difference between the diffuse and the localized damage. Finally, two formulations have been proposed for the implementation of cohesive laws with an infinite initial stiffness (extrinsic laws)
Larue, Bruno. "Déversement élastique des barres maintenues latéralement." Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0185_LARUE.pdf.
Full textThis work is articulated around three axes. The first relates to the development of a new consistent theory of the lateral buckling of the profiles restrained laterally in translation and rotation. The second relates to the determination of the analytical expression of the critical buckling moment. Several calculations were carried out in parallel with two software whose princip les of research of the critical state are completely different. One, developed in this work, uses the numerical resolution of the system of differential equations. The other, named LTBEAM and developed by the C. T. I. C. M. , is based on the finite element method. The differences between two numerical results always remained lower than 1 %. The third more pragmatic relates to the proposaI of an alternative method based on the study of buckling around an enforced axis of an equivalent section continuously restrained at one flange
Oneto, Manuela. "Cyberpunk : un mouvement artistique sous influence mécanique." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083208.
Full textUp to now, the critics always seem to have implicitly defined Cyberpunk as a literary movement, almost hiding the existence of different art groups directly deriving from this wave. They did not consider the fact that Cyberpunk is a complex movement, spreading as a virus through many different networks: from literature to politics, from theatrical performances to cinema and music, from the psychedelic universe to the world of entertainment. Therefore, in this thesis we are asking ourselves under which conditions can Cyberpunk really exist as an art trend? If the matter of machines, of man-machine interaction, and the consequent mutation, finds a central role in the art movements of the 20th century, it represents the essential question of the Cyberpunk movement, since the machina is not only an equipment to be deliberately used, but also more deeply it becomes an instrument of contamination that could dangerously threat our society. Our purpose is then to examine under which conditions the machine becomes machination, a virus able to spread along with the risks concerning the importance of this infection process on our socio-cultural behaviours. The mechanisms that allowed the machine to become a fundamental means of artistic expressions through cyberpunk artistic groups that developed a real underground wave in Europe and America, such as the FURA DELS BAUS in Spain, the MUTOID WASTE COMPANY in Italy, the SURVIVAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES in England and the SEEMEN in California. Finally, in our hypothesis Cyberpunk imposed the metaphor of the transformation of social conditions, appearing as the mirror of a mutant society transformed by the machina, which contaminates both our body and our culture by means of its cultural mutations
Bouadma, Lila. "Pneumopathies acquises sous ventilation mécanique : construction et évaluation d'un programme de prévention." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077210.
Full textVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in the intensive care unit (ICU setting. Despite the availability of evidence-based guidelines to prevent VAP, they remain poorly implemented. The objective was to determine the effect of a 2-yr multifaceted program aimed at preventing VAP. The program involved a healthcare workers (HCWs) and included a multidisciplinary task force, an educational session, direct observations with performance feedback, technical improvements, and reminders. It focused on eight targeted measures based on well recognized published guidelines, easily and precisely defined acts, and directly concerned HCW's bedside behavior: 1 compliance with hand-hygiene rules including use of an alcohol-based hand rub, 2) proper glove and gown use, 3) keeping patients in the semi-recumbent position, 4) keeping the endotracheal tube cuff pressure >20 cm H2O, 5) using orogastric tubes rather than nasogastric tubes, 6) avoiding gastric overdistension, 7) decontaminating the patient's mouth with 0. 12% chlorhexidine at least four times/day, and 8) eliminating nonessential tracheal suction. We studied the impact of the programme on compliance with the targeted preventive measures, on HCWs'individual factors and on VA incidence and the role of technical devices. Our preventive program produced sustained VAP rate decreases in the long term. However, VAP rates remained substantial despite high compliance with preventive measures, suggesting that eliminating VAP in the ICU may be an unrealistic goal
Evans, Dennis C. (Dennis Christopher). "Predictors of successful outcomes of U.S. Coast Guard construction contracts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67551.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-118).
The U. S. federal government contracts over five hundred billion dollars in goods and services each year. Traditionally, these contracts are awarded on the basis of a combination of a contractor's proposed cost, quality, technical capability and demonstrated past performance. While all valid and important comparators, the overall quality and customer satisfaction achieved at the completion of contracts awarded on these bases remains highly variable from contract-to-contract. This thesis examines potential reasons for the variability of these results and further proposes additional factors for contract evaluation and award that should improve the chances for successful contract outcomes. Twenty four randomly selected and recently completed U. S. Coast Guard construction contracts were used as the basis for study. The documented performance information for each contract was compared against contract demographic information in a search for correlations that are predictive of the likelihood of a high level of contract satisfaction. Contract performance ratings, contract timeliness and contract on-budget performance were compared to overall contractor annual revenue, total contractor employees, the relative contract size and a contractor's revenue per employee. The main finding is that total contractor revenue, relative contract size (higher is better) and contractor revenue per employee (higher is better) are reliable predictors of performance and should be considered as relevant source selection factors for negotiated contracts. Capable small contractors should be selected not simply as a matter of conformance to a social program, but because the expected results are higher. In addition, the following recommendations apply in order to maximize the probability of positive performance outcomes on U. S. Coast Guard construction contracts: 1) Improve the collection and utilization of past performance data. 2) Minimize sealed-low bid contracting. 3) Maximize contracts by negotiation. 4) Maximize the usage of small businesses, above the "micro-small" level.
by Dennis C. Evans.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
Kus, Jacqueline M. "The Influence of Sport on the Career Construction of Female Division III Student-Athletes." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1479214665334045.
Full textJender, Hafid, and Frédéric Truchetet. "Contrôle temps réel par vision artificielle de tubes métalliques en défilement continu." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS025.
Full textMedjahed, Djafer. "Comportement mécanique des assemblages tubes sur sphères en construction métallique : calcul numérique et validation expérimentale." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR30005.
Full textThis research work deals with some aspects of the mechanical behaviour of a welded steel connection between a circular cross section element and a hollow steel sphere which is to be used in future steel constructions. The problem has not been studied yet and there are consequently needs in design recommandations for the assembly as part of a structure under predominant loading. Our approach in meeting this consists of a limited series of laboratory tests and a parametric numerical analysis using the finite element method. The results obtained by means of numerical modelling show good agreement with experimental results under both axial compression loading and bending moment until the maximum carrying load is reached. Tests show that failure occurs without cracking and is due to developping plastic strain near the joint of the connection. After analysing the stress distribution the finite element model, it was concluded that a suspected failure mechanism may be worked out by means of the limit analysis of shells of revolution. Based on the kinematical theorem a model is proposed in ordered to predict the limit load under compressive axial force and bending moment for a given configuration of the connection. Calculated limit load by the proposed formulae agreed quite well with experimental and numerical results
Kermani, Mohammad. "Prediction of post-construction settlements of rockfill dams based on construction field data." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27406.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the area of post-construction deformations of rockfill dams. First, by studying the in-situ compression behavior of rockfill, it was revealed that the rockfill short-term compressibility and time-dependent compressibility are connected. Additionally, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of parent rock and the rockfill void ratio are two key parameters that determine the in-situ (short-term and time-dependent) rockfill compressibilities. Thus, these parameters, besides the fill materials behavior during construction (quantified by defining deformation modulus) were used to present guidelines for predicting post-construction deformations of different types of rockfill dams. In other words, by gathering a comprehensive data base of 19 concrete face rockfill dams and 22 earth core rockfill dams and evaluating settlements during and after construction, trend lines were developed which relate the post-construction settlements to the observed behavior during construction. In the presented guidelines, settlements are obtainable separately for each of the three dams’ life cycle phases: before, during and after impoundment. Additionally, the time datum for time-dependent deformations was redefined for each phase. When calculating the material moduli, the embankment geometries were taken into account by introducing a reduction factor for vertical stresses inside embankments. This study provides a good framework for characterizing and estimating the behavior of rockfill during and after construction of embankments. The trend lines presented based on behavior of numerous rockfill dams show that, in addition to addressing some limitations of previous methods (including laboratory testing, numerical modeling, and empirical methods), the approach proposed for predicting post-construction settlements is accurate and highly practical. This research also permits a better understanding of rockfill deformation mechanisms. Apart from using the presented method for predictive purposes, the presented graphs can be used to distinguish unexpected settlement behavior of a rockfill dam during its post-construction lifespan.
O'Mara, Raymond P. (Raymond Patrick). "The socio-technical construction of precision bombing : a study of shared control and cognition by humans, machines, and doctrine during World War II." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67754.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 353-368).
This dissertation examines the creation and initial use of the precision bombing system employed by the United States Army Air Forces during World War II in the opening phase of the Combined Bomber Offensive against Germany. It presents the system as distinctly sociotechnical, constructed of interdependent specially trained humans-the pilot, navigator, and bombardier-purpose-built automated machines-the Norden bombsight and the Minneapolis- Honeywell C-1 Autopilot-and the high-altitude, daylight bombing (HADPB) doctrine, all of which mutually shaped each other's creation and use. The first part of the study establishes the relationship between the HADPB doctrine, the humans, and the machines, presenting the bombardment system as a three-level socio-technical system designed for optimum control at all levels. It describes the elements at each level, their design for use as a system, how they initially employed the system, and how their actions caused a revision of the HADPB doctrine, in the process redefining precision from a system perspective and significantly changing the system's social structure. The second part of the study examines the actions performed by the three principal sociotechnical members the bomber crew, and determines the specific tasks and roles accomplished both the humans and machines within the system. It establishes what the crewmembers did, analyzing their professional construct, the machines that shaped their professional identities, how the humans and machines, through distinct processes of shared control and cognition, accomplished the tasks associated with precision bombing-flying, navigating, and bombingand how the HADPB doctrine affected their actions. It focuses on how technology, by granting varying levels of control over the task of flying the aircraft, created conflict over control of the system itself, and how command, a uniquely military function granted organizationally and doctrinally to the pilot, served as arbiter of that conflict. This study establishes a perspective for the future study aerial combat systems, and a better understanding of the organizational and social impact of the increased use of automation in those systems, particularly relevant to the discussion surrounding the expanded use of remotely piloted aircraft by the United States Air Force in the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan.
by Raymond P. O'Mara.
Ph.D.
Rouchier, Simon. "Évaluation des performances hygrothermiques des matériaux de construction endommagés." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761749.
Full textAyed, Abderrahmen. "Méthode d'étude mécanique et physico-chimique de l'interface acier béton." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30329.
Full textPatet, Nisha. "Women in the construction labor force : women's participation in the construction sector in India /." This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02162010-020112/.
Full textBoussaid, Khaled. "Sols intermédiaires pour la modélisation physique." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2130.
Full textChataigner, Sylvain. "Conception et dimensionnement d’un ancrage de hauban plat en matériaux composites." Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4865/01/theseSChataigner.pdf.
Full textThis study’s main goal is to design an anchorage for a composite plate in a civil engineering application. As structural adhesive bonding was chosen, the main part of this document is dedicated to the understanding and the description of the way force is transferred through bonded joints. Three parts compose the study. The first one gathers all the bases concerning this technology which exists since a long time but is used for structural applications since only a few decades. It also presents the main elastic theories and the resulting characteristic features of structural adhesive bonding. In the second part, several different experimental investigations are precisely described and their results compared to the theoretical elastic expectations. Being insufficient concerning some of the parameters, it is then decided to take into account some non-linearities in the analysis : either damage occurrence, or plasticity. The final results are shown to be close to the experimental observations, and a more precise modeling of the force transfer is thus finally available. The last part concerns the optimization of the force transfer and starts with the reminding of the main works done on this topic. Then, a precise adhesive material characterization allows to highlight an interesting property which can improve bonded joints capacities. A specific geometry, a curved one, has to be used in order to use properly this property. Theoretical developments allow to explain the different improvements allowed by this geometry and some experimental investigations are conducted to check the ease of realization of such a geometry and its efficiency. Though additional work should be carried out on this new bonded joint, first results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed new geometry
Ketata, Mahmoud. "Construction d'un modèle élastique fragile anisotrope endommagé en traction-torsion." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1451_mketata.pdf.
Full textBoissonnade, Nicolas. "Mise au point d'un élément fini de type poutre à section variable et autres applications à la construction métallique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21394.
Full textKremmyda, Eugénia. "Achille Couppas et Cie : histoire d'un constructeur mécanique du Pirée 1882-1940." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0115.
Full textRaveux, Olivier. "Une histoire méditerranéenne : la métallurgie et la construction mécanique à Marseille au XIX siècle." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10092.
Full textMarseilles is a symbol of a mediterranean town reached by steam and iron during the 19th century. Advanced industry, metallurgy and mechanical engineering, has found its place and has managed to become a basic of the town's economic success story. Marseilles' industry, atypic and varied proves different from that of the european north-west. Cast iron making has remained a low-key activity. Other sectors have taken prominence : machine making, second melting industry and non ferrous metals. The history of that field, underrated for too long, takes the opposite view to the factors that are supposed to account for mediterranean europe's economic lag. There has been no shortage of men, capital, technological knowledge and markets. Quite like barcelona, genoa and piraeus, marseilles is entirely part of the 19th century industrial landscape. In spite of its final failure, the metallurgy and mechanical engineering of marseilles is the most accomplished of the mediterranean success combining openness and local dynamism
Champiré, Florian. "Étude expérimentale du comportement hydro-mécanique de la terre crue compactée pour la construction." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSET007/document.
Full textEarthen buildings can provide an answer to face difficulties in modern constructions in both terms of sociology, economics as well as ecology. However, the difficulty to understand and to predict their behavior prevent the spreading of this technique in developed countries. This PhD is part of a research program called “Primaterre” and founded by the French National Agency for Research. It aims at providing the necessary scientific knowledge to overcome this lack and at helping the creation of appropriate standards. This work is more precisely focusing on the impact of water on the mechanical behavior of the fine proportion of the material, including sand, silt and clay, and on three different earths coming from existing rammed earth constructions. In order to be able to produce samples as identical and homogeneous as possible, a mold has first been designed, which enable to manufacture cylindrical samples with diameter of 3.5cm and height of 7cm. A triaxial cell was used and, the second step was to design different devices allowing the measurement of axial and radial deformations, the conditioning at constant temperature, and the command of a variable moist air flux at both sides of the sample. Different types of tests have thus been realized : triaxial tests at different relative humidity, as well as swelling tests. The mechanical parameters thus obtained have been analyzed in comparison with material characteristics measured in parallel. Finally, results of swelling tests have been analysed using numerical modelling, in order to assess more complex material characteristics. This thesis work ends with an additional study, aiming at evaluating the impact of scale change on the mechanical parameters previously measured. Tests have been conducted on sample approximatively twice larger, and thanks to a simpler experimental device using measurement through image correlation
Pessiot-Bonvilain, Agnès. "Etude et réalisation d'un microrobot à pattes : structure mécanique et micro-actionnement." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2026.
Full textOuglova, Anna. "Etude du comportement mécanique des structures en béton armé atteintes par la corrosion." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DENS0034.
Full textIn the reinforced concrete structures, by nature, the reinforcing steel is covered with a protective film consisted of iron oxides. Penetration of aggressive externat agents can destabilize the film and initiale corrosion. When the layer of corrosion products grows around of the steel, loss of the rebat cross-section which is transformed into rust, decrease of rebat ductility, cracking and delamination of the concrete and loss of bond between concrete and reinforcement can be observed. The mechanical load capacity decreases and the ruin mechanism of concrete structures can change. The necessity is Io understand phenomena due to corrosion in order to perform a re-evaluation of the service lifetime of the reinforced concrete structures attacked by the corrosion
Fall, Meïssa. "Identification et caractérisation mécanique de graveleux latéritiques du Sénégal : application au domaine routier." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL119N.
Full textGiraud, Moreau Laurence. "Optimisation des systèmes mécaniques : couplage de méthodes déterministes et évolutionnaires par les problèmes en variables mixtes." Troyes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TROY0006.
Full textTalbi, Abdennebi. "Contribution à l'étude de la reconnaissance de familles de pièces en fabrication mécanique." Metz, 1989. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1989/Talbi.Abdennebi.SMZ899.pdf.
Full textAkanbi, Oladeji Bamidele. "Bi-directional Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed Systems for Broadband Access Networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13964.
Full textMouterde, Rémy. "Morphogenèse des charpentes à chevrons formant fermes : évolution morphologique, comportement mécanique et principes constructifs." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1149.
Full textThe earliest wooden rafter trusses in France can be traced back from the 11th century. Their morphology progressively changes in time until the 17th century, after which it disappears completely. This research is meant to be a contribution towards the understanding of the possible origins of such an evolution. Two explanations are proposed :the first one is based on the accumulation of knowledge in structural mechanics of the carpenters. Considering a selection of specimens that are representative of major milestones identified by previous authors, a numerical modelling of these hyperstatic structures is implemented so as to understand better the precise role played by the different elements of the framework. Comparative studies highlight a slow evolutionary process in which phases of situational shape adaptation alternate with periods of implementation of new knowledge extracted from these experimentations. The second explanation takes into account the problems related to the erection of the frames. Through reconstructions of remarkable specimens and the simulation of the assembly process using representative lifting devices, the credibility of a number of scenarios and operational sequences are evaluated. The results invalidate several assumptions and in particular, that of an assembly at ground level preceding the lifting into place. Furthermore, the first longitudinal systems connecting two principal trusses appear as an aid to the construction process: these facilitate safer in-situ operations and allow an easier assembly of the rafters
Bruno, Agostino Walter. "Étude du comportement hygro- mécanique de la terre crue hyper-compactée pour la construction durable." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3021/document.
Full textThe present work explores the hygro-mechanical behaviour of a raw earth material and investigates different stabilisation techniques to improve the durability of the material against water erosion. An extensive campaign of laboratory tests was performed on both unstabilised and stabilised materials at two different scales: small cylindrical samples and large bricks. An innovative manufacturing method based on the application of very high compaction pressures (hypercompaction) was proposed. Also, the compaction load was maintained constant for a sufficient period of time to allow soil consolidation. The main objective was to increase material density, thus improving mechanical performance. Samples compacted with the proposed method exhibited a dry density of about 2320 kg/m3, which is the highest value registered in the literature for an unstabilised earthen material. The effect of the compaction pressure on the material fabric was assessed by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption tests. Results showed that the increase of compaction pressure reduced material porosity with major effects on large inter-aggregate pores. On the contrary, small intra-aggregate pores were not affected by the mechanical compaction. Mechanical tests were then performed to measure stiffness and strength of both unstabilised and stabilised samples. These tests demonstrated that hypercompaction can largely improve the mechanical response of the material over conventional manufacturing methods. Hypercompacted bricks showed a compressive strength comparable with that of traditional building materials, such as stabilised compressed earth and fired bricks. The hygroscopic behaviour of both unstabilised and stabilised samples was investigated. The capacity of the samples to absorb/release water vapour was assessed by measuring their moisture buffering value (MBV). Results showed that unstabilised earth has an excellent capacity to buffer ambient humidity. This capacity was significantly reduced by the different stabilisation techniques tested in the present work. Finally, the durability against water erosion of both unstabilised and stabilised bricks was assessed by performing different tests prescribed by the norm DIN 18945 (2013). Stabilised bricks exhibited a higher resistance against water erosion compared to unstabilised bricks. Still, these materials cannot be adopted for structural applications exposed to natural weathering as indicated by the norm DIN 18945 (2013). Therefore, further investigation is required to identify novel stabilisation methods that can balance the needs of sustainability, durability, moisture buffering and mechanical performance
Dousteyssier, Boris. "Construction d’un modèle morpho mécanique du genou pour la prédiction des conséquences d’une action thérapeutique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02869689.
Full textKnee degradation and pain when developing osteoarthritis are strongly related not only to the pressure on the cartilage, but also to the knee stability and to the subsequent loadings on the ligaments. Here, we propose a mixed approach, both using medical imaging (MRI, EOS X-ray system) and force platform in conjunction with a finite element model.Two finite element model were created, focusing on the passive stability of the knee while modelling an experiment: the acquisition of the movement of climbing a step decomposed in 4 static EOS images. To do so, a geometric model of the subject’s knee have been fused on the bone physiological positions obtained by EOS imaging. The FEA was carried out according to the experimental boundary conditions so as to ensure the global knee mechanical equilibrium. This allow the model to be validated by comparing its numerical results with the EOS data. This model will reveal the roles of the ligaments during the knee flexion and give pressure maps on the cartilages.For low flexion angles, both models’ results concord well with the experimental data: the bones are in their physiological position once the mechanical equilibrium reached. For higher flexion angles the results are satisfying and promising, showing clear ways to improve the models
Zidane, Ibrahim. "Développement d'un banc d'essai de traction biaxale pour la caracterisation de la formabilité et du comportement élastoplastique de tôles métalliques." Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAR0027.
Full textSheet metal forming processes (stamping, hydroforming, incremental forming,. . . ) are currently used in the industry. Improving the prediction of numerical simulation tools requires an accurate identification of behavior law and formability limits of the sheet material. These material properties must be identified under conditions close to those encountered in the considered forming processes. For this purpose, the biaxial tensile test in the plane of the sheet has been selected among other techniques of biaxial solicitation. In this study, a biaxial testing apparatus is developed with the aim of identifying, from one rheological test, the behavior law and the formability limits of the studied material under static or dynamic solicitations. The experimental device is a servo-hydraulic testing machine provided with four hydraulic actuators in a horizontal configuration. The capacity of each actuator is 50kN, the speed on each axis can reach 2m/s. Linear and nonlinear loading paths can be applied. The biaxial tests were performed on a flat specimen called « cruciform specimen ». The optimum geometry of this one is defined from a parametric study on different shapes of cruciform specimens used in previous works. The main difficulty to design an appropriate cruciform specimen shape is to ensure the onset of localized necking in the central zone of the specimen to control the strain path imposed by the displacement of the actuators. During testing, the central area of the specimen is filmed and an image correlation technique is used to obtain the deformation field in the specimen. Thereafter, the experimental procedure and the geometry of the specimen are validated by mean of experimental tests on an aluminum alloy AA2017. A specific procedure for detecting the onset of localized necking on the cruciform specimen is then proposed. An aluminum alloy AA5086 sheet is then studied from experimental investigations. The experimental forming limit curve (FLC) of this sheet is then established from the procedure defined above. The experimental curves force/displacement are used to identify a constitutive law by inverse method using a finite element model (EF) of the biaxial tensile test. The use of a local measure of the deformation in the identification process of the rheological law is then presented. The behavior law is identified and implemented in the FE model of the biaxial tensile test to determine the numerical FLC of the studied material. Finally, the experimental and numerical FLC are compared to the one obtained on the same material by a Marciniak testing device
Georgin, Jean-François. "Contribution à la modélisation du béton sous sollicitation de dynamique rapide. : La prise en compte de l'effet de vitesse par la viscoplasticité." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0003.
Full textFerrari, Marc. "Optique active et grandes déformations élastiques : application à la réalisation d'un miroir à focale variable pour le Very Large Telescope Interferometer." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11017.
Full textLambarki, Abderrahim. "Étude théorique et expérimentale du comportement mécanique des terrains lors de l'exploitation du gisement de Hajar." ENSMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMP0767.
Full textRakotondramanitra, Jean-Désiré. "Renforcement des sols par nappes de déchets de matières plastiques." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10103.
Full textMao, Minjing, and 毛忞婧. "Design and analysis of survivable WDM optical network." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4784968X.
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Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
Kahlat, Said. "Espace social du travail et industrialisation : le cas de la société algérienne de construction mécanique S.O.N.A.C.O.M.E." Aix-Marseille 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985AIX2XXXX.
Full textKuduzovic, Lejla. "Förslag till framtagning av kvalitetssäkringsrutiner för induktionshärdade drivaxlar vid Volvo CE Component Division : Examensarbete, produktutveckling, 30 poäng Avancerad nivå." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-1229.
Full textDetta examensarbete har handlar om att ta fram kvalitetssäkringsrutiner för induktiva värmebehandlingsmetoder mot det nya mätlabbet i samband att kvalitetssäkra produktionen av drivaxlar på Volvo Component Division. Uppgiften betyder att visa hur kvalitetssäkringen av både processen och tillverkningen ska ske genom att förebygga att fel uppstår. Huvudsaken är inte hur problemet blir löst, istället kommer koncentration lagts på metoden.
Det övergripande syftet med examensarbetet är att försöka hjälpa personalen i företaget komma fram till förslag och konkreta resultat i form av kvalitetssäkringsrutiner för att förbättra både produktionen och den befintliga produktutvecklingsprocessen.
Främsta målet är att bygga upp en fungerande kvalitetssäkring av induktiv värmebehandling inom Component Division genom att ta fram kvalitetssäkringsrutiner som stödjer metoden. Dessa rutiner skall bygga på önskemål från kunden, detta framför allt i form av beställningsblanketter, instruktioner och checklistor.
Volvo Construction Equipment AB Component Division Eskilstuna arbetar idag med en kontinuerlig process- och produktförbättring med avseende på att förebygga eventuella kvalitetsbristerna. Meningen är att man i samband med den nya utbyggnaden av fabriken, nya maskiner och ny utrustning också ska bygga ett nytt materiallabb där materialprovbitar skall kunna skickas in av operatören/teknikern för olika kvalitetsundersökningar.
I dagsläget har man börjat producera drivaxlar enligt den nya flödesgruppen vars förutsättning är att artiklarna skall tillverkas från råämne till monteringsklara detaljer. För att få ut ett smidigt produktionsflöde och optimera produktionen inom flödesgruppen måste alla parametrar och faktorer stämma på båda sidorna. Detta fås genom ständiga förbättringar samt statistiska styrningar av processen genom kontroller, underhåll och uppföljningar.
Examensarbetet har till följd därav resulterat i instruktioner som beskriver kontrolleringar och provtagningar av värmebehandlade artiklar i cell07 som en åtgärd för att bygga en fungerande kvalitetssäkring av induktionshärdade artiklar på CMP. För att detta kvalitetsarbete skall ge resultat bör operationsbeskrivningen mätinstruktioner följas av samtliga på avdelningen.
Därför är det viktigt att när ett kvalitetsproblem väl har identifierats skall nästa steg vara att gå vidare med att försöka bena ut orsakerna till problemet och hitta lösningar till dessa för att undvika eller förebygga att samma sak händer nästa gång.
Hoang, Viet Hai. "Interaction fluide-structure : comportement tribologique des matériaux minéraux à base cimentaire à l'état frais." Rennes, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAR0036.
Full textThe tribological properties of cement based material and rigid metallic wall are studied. The range of normal stress is 21,7 – 358 kPa. The range of slip velocity is 10-3 – 10-1 m/s. The roughness is characterised by the Ra indicator and the analysed range is 0. 52 – 100 µm. Thus, the average structure of the material is taken into account in the study. This experimental study is realised by mean a tribometer. Such device is developed and validated in the laboratory. Finally, the wall friction reduction is studied and an electrical technique is used. Such technique induces the interface lubrication. The control of the lubrication regime was studied
Dicko, Ali Hamadi. "Construction of musculoskeletal systems for anatomical simulation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM084/document.
Full textThe use of virtual humans has spread in various activities in recent years.Beyond virtual surgery, virtual bodies are increasingly used to design medical devices, vehicles, and daily life hardware more generally.They also turn out to be extraordinary supports to learn anatomy.Recent movies (Avatar, Lord of the Rings, etc) demonstrated that anatomy and biomechanics can be used to design high-quality characters.However, reproducing the behavior of anatomical structures remains a complex task, and a great amount and variety of knowledge is necessary for setting up high quality simulations.This makes the modeling of human body for simulation purposes an open problem, a tedious task, but also a fascinating research subject.Through this PhD, we address the problem of the construction of biomechanical models of the musculoskeletal systems for several domains : animation, biomechanics and teaching.Our goal is to simplify the entire process of model design by making it more intuitive and faster.Our approach is to address each difficulty : the representation and use of anatomical knowledge, the geometrical modeling and the efficient simulation of the musculoskeletal system thanks to three novel contributions introduced during these research works.Our first contribution focuses on the biomechanical construction of a hybrid model of lumbar spine.In this work, we show that hybrid approaches that combine both rigid body systems and finite element models allow interactive simulations, accurate, while respecting the principles of anatomy and mechanics.Our second contribution addresses the problem of the complexity of anatomical, physiological and functional knowledge.Based on a novel ontology of anatomical functions of the human body, we introduce a novel pipeline to automatically build models that simulate physiological functions of our bodies.The ontology allows us to extract detailed knowledge using simple queries.The outputs of these queries are used to set up simulation models of the functional aspects as they were formalized and described by anatomists.Finally our third contribution, the anatomy transfer, allows the mapping of available geometrical and mechanical models to the morphology of any specific individual.This novel registration method enables the automatic construction of the internal anatomy of any character defined by his skin, by transferring organs from a reference character.It allows to overcome the need to re-construct these geometries for each new simulation, and it contributes to accelerate the simulations setup for a range of people with different morph