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González-Ramos, Olegario Jesús, Magdalena Marrero-Montelongo, Carmen Navarro-Rodríguez, and Milagros Torres-García. "Consumo de alcohol y factores asociados en futbolistas cadetes españoles (14-16 años) (Alcohol consumption and associated factors in Spanish football players from the cadet category (14-16 years))." Retos, no. 33 (September 17, 2017): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i33.55332.
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El deporte en la adolescencia se asocia a un estilo de vida saludable, asignándole diversos autores un efecto protector ante el consumo de alcohol. El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar el consumo de alcohol y los factores asociados a éste, en los futbolistas de la categoría cadete de la provincia de Las Palmas. Estudio descriptivo transversal en el que se estudió a 308 jugadores, determinados mediante muestreo por clúster, seleccionando una muestra aleatoria simple de 20 equipos. El instrumento de recogida de datos fue un cuestionario ad hoc. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos (SPSS 17.0 para Windows), empleándose para la comparación de proporciones el test de la χ2. El 56.2% de los jugadores reconoció beber actualmente. El 13.6% declaró haberlo hecho al menos cuatro días en los últimos 30 días, el 32.2% haberse emborrachado en los últimos 12 meses y el 39.9% haber ingerido tres o más vasos seguidos en los últimos 12 meses, práctica ésta última significativamente mayor entre los que jugaban en preferente (p<.001). El consumo de alcohol se asoció a diversos factores externos a la práctica deportiva, entre los que figuraban, la práctica de otras conductas de riesgo para la salud (p<.01), la percepción de no servir para la escuela (p<.001), o la percepción de un estilo educativo parental poco controlador y carente de afecto (p<.05). La notable proporción de consumidores de alcohol entre los jugadores pone de manifiesto, la necesidad de estrategias de intervención para su prevención a través de los clubes de fútbol. Abstract. Many authors consider sport among adolescents to have a protective effect against alcohol consumption. The former is in fact associated to a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this research was to identify alcohol consumption and factors linked to it among football players from the cadet category in the province of Las Palmas, Spain. The present work adopted a cross-sectional descriptive analysis of 308 players selected based on cluster sampling from a simple random sample of 20 teams. The data collection instrument was an ad hoc questionnaire. A descriptive data analysis was conducted (SPSS 17.0 for Windows), and the χ2 test was applied for proportions comparison. 56.2% of the football players studied admitted consuming alcohol. 13.6% stated to have drunk at least during four of the last 30 days, 32.2% declared to have been drunk in the last 12 months, and 29.9% said to have drunk consecutively three or more glasses in the last 12 months. This last practice was significantly greater among those players belonging to the higher division (p<.001). Alcohol consumption was linked to different factors unrelated to the practice of sport, including engaging in other health risk behaviours (p<.01), having low academic self-esteem (p<.001), or perceiving parents to exert little control over them and to be unaffectionate (p<.05). The significant proportion of alcohol consumers among football players highlights the need to implement preventive intervention strategies in football clubs.
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Sullivan, William Patrick, David J. Hartmann, Dick Dillon, and James L. Wolk. "Implementing Case Management in Alcohol and Drug Treatment." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 75, no. 2 (February 1994): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949407500201.
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Case management has been identified as an important addition to traditional services offered in drug and alcohol treatment. Implementation of case-management services requires a new array of managerial behaviors by middle managers. The Missouri Department of Mental Health, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, introduced case management as a central component of the innovative Comprehensive Substance Treatment and Rehabilitation Program. The authors, drawing from the experience in Missouri, describe the challenge of effectively implementing case management in existing programs.
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Emerson, Dawn M., Toni M. Torres-McGehee, Susan W. Yeargin, Kyle Dolan, and Kelcey K. deWeber. "Collegiate and Professional Ice Hockey Athletic Trainers’ Hydration Practices and Knowledge: Part 2." International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training 25, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2018-0134.
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An athletic trainer’s (ATs) role requires current knowledge about factors that can influence hydration status. The purpose of this study was to determine awareness of alcohol and caffeine effects on hydration. Participants were 94 ATs with NCAA Division I or III men’s and/or women’s ice hockey teams and 82 head ATs with professional ice hockey teams. The majority of ATs were correct regarding alcohol’s effects on hydration, specifically knowing alcohol increases urine output (92.1%), delays fluid recovery (81.7%), and dehydrates a euhydrated individual (83.5%). In contrast, fewer ATs were correct that moderate, regular consumption of caffeine does not cause dehydration (20.7%), delay fluid recovery (15.2%), or impair fluid regulatory hormones (9.8%). While ATs were knowledgeable about alcohol effects, there remains misconceptions about caffeine on hydration.
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Schurter, Dennis. "The Religion and Spirituality Division of the American Association on Mental Retardation." Journal of Religion, Disability & Health 10, no. 1-2 (May 31, 2006): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j095v10n01_08.
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Martens, Matthew P., Kristen Dams-O’Connor, and Christy Duffy-Paiement. "Comparing Off-Season with In-Season Alcohol Consumption among Intercollegiate Athletes." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 28, no. 4 (December 2006): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.28.4.502.
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Intercollegiate athletes have been identified as an at-risk group for heavy alcohol consumption. The purpose of the present study was to use a longitudinal design to assess for off-season versus in-season differences in alcohol consumption within a sample of intercollegiate athletes. Previous research has suggested that athletes drink less during their competitive seasons, but conclusions from this body of research have been tempered by methodological limitations in the previous studies. Results from 160 athletes competing at the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I level indicated that alcohol use and negative alcohol-related consequences decreased during the athletes' competitive seasons. These results are interpreted in terms of the theory of planned behavior and social norms theory. Implications for alcohol prevention programs among college athletes are also addressed.
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Harper, Clive. "The neurotoxicity of alcohol." Human & Experimental Toxicology 26, no. 3 (March 2007): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327107070499.
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Patterns of drinking are changing throughout the world and in many countries this will be detrimental to the health and welfare of the local population. Even uncomplicated alcoholics who have no specific neurological or hepatic problems show signs of regional brain damage and cognitive dysfunction. Many of these changes are exaggerated and other brain regions damaged in patients who have additional vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome). Quantitative neuropathology techniques and improvements in neuroimaging have contributed significantly to the documentation of these changes but mechanisms underlying the damage are not understood. A human brain bank targeting alcohol cases has been established in Sydney, Australia and provides fresh and frozen tissue for alcohol researchers. The tissues can be used to test hypotheses developed from structural neuropathological studies or from animal models and in vitro studies. Identification of reversible pathological changes and preventative medical approaches in alcoholism should enhance rehabilitation and treatment efforts, thereby mitigating debilitating morbidities and reducing mortality associated with this universal public health problem.
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Arnold, Zoe. "The Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Academic Success and Athletic Identity in Collegiate Student-Athletes." Journal of Amateur Sport 6, no. 2 (October 4, 2020): 84–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jas.v6i2.10570.
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Upon entering college in the United States, students are exposed to alcohol and, relatedly, the potentially dangerous experiences and effects that come with consuming alcohol. This is especially true for collegiate student-athletes, who have been found to have the highest consumption rate among student groups on campus. The purpose of the study was to understand the relationship between how student-athletes at a focus university, a Division I member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, experience alcohol consumption, how their consumption affects their academic grade point average (GPA), and how athletic identity plays a role in their experiences. While the research focuses on this one university, the findings are congruent with similar studies which focused on other colleges and/or the American college experience as a whole. Due to the large number of student-athletes in collegiate athletics, understanding and examining the correlation between alcohol consumption and the effect it has on academic success can be beneficial for multiple entities within a college dynamic. Survey data was collected from current student-athletes at a mid-sized Division I college in the Midwestern region of the United States. From this data, chi-square analysis showed that female student-athletes had statistically higher GPA than males, and a substantial sum of overall participants binge-drank during their last drinking occasion, and on both game and non-game days. A majority of respondents identify more with being a full-time athlete than being a full-time student. Results provide validity to past research studies, and allow for understanding to why student-athletes are at a higher risk of binge drinking. Practical implications and limitations are noted. Suggestions for future research include a larger sample from a variety of different universities, and understanding motivations between specific sports for academic success and alcohol consumption.
Keywords: alcohol consumption, identity, gender, sport, culture, academics
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Høyer, S., A. H. Riis, G. Toft, L. A. Wise, E. E. Hatch, A. K. Wesselink, K. J. Rothman, H. T. Sørensen, and E. M. Mikkelsen. "Male alcohol consumption and fecundability." Human Reproduction 35, no. 4 (March 10, 2020): 816–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez294.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Does male alcohol consumption affect fecundability? SUMMARY ANSWER In data pooled across Danish and North American preconception cohort studies, we found little evidence of an association between male alcohol consumption and reduced fecundability. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Experimental and clinical studies have shown that alcohol affects male reproductive physiology, mainly by altering male reproductive hormones and spermatogenesis. However, few epidemiologic studies have examined the association between alcohol consumption and male fertility. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Data were collected from two ongoing prospective preconception cohort studies: the Danish ‘SnartForaeldre’ (SF) study (662 couples) and the North American ‘Pregnancy Study Online’ (PRESTO) (2017 couples). Participants included in the current analysis were enrolled from August 2011 through June 2019 (SF) and from June 2013 through June 2019 (PRESTO). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Eligible men were aged ≥18 years in SF and ≥21 years in PRESTO, in a stable relationship with a female partner and not using contraception or receiving fertility treatment. In both cohorts, alcohol consumption/serving size was self-reported as number of beers (330 mL/12 oz.), glasses of white or red wine (120 mL/4 oz. each), dessert wine (50 mL/2 oz.) and spirits (20 mL/1.5 oz.). Overall alcohol consumption was categorized as none, 1–5, 6–13 and ≥14 standard servings per week. Total menstrual cycles at risk were calculated using data from female partners’ follow-up questionnaires, which were completed every 8 weeks until self-reported pregnancy or 12 menstrual cycles, whichever came first. Analyses were restricted to couples that had been trying to conceive for ≤6 cycles at study entry. Proportional probability regression models were used to compute fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs). We adjusted for male and female age, female partner’s alcohol consumption, intercourse frequency, previous history of fathering a child, race/ethnicity, education, BMI, smoking and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and caffeine. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The cumulative proportion of couples who conceived during 12 cycles of follow-up were 1727 (64.5%). The median (interquartile range) of total male alcohol consumption was 4.5 (2.0–7.8) and 4.1 (1.0–8.6) standard servings per week in the SF and PRESTO cohorts, respectively. In pooled analyses, adjusted FRs for male alcohol consumption of 1–5, 6–13 and ≥14 standard servings per week compared with no alcohol consumption were 1.02 (95% CI: 0.90–1.17), 1.10 (95% CI: 0.96–1.27) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.81–1.18), respectively. For SF, adjusted FRs of 1–5, 6–13 and ≥14 standard servings per week compared with no alcohol consumption were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.73–1.28), 0.81 (95% CI: 0.60–1.10) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.51–1.30), respectively. For PRESTO, adjusted FRs of 1–5, 6–13 and ≥14 standard servings per week compared with no alcohol consumption were 1.02 (95% CI: 0.88–1.18), 1.20 (95% CI: 1.03–1.40) and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.84–1.26), respectively. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Male alcohol consumption was ascertained at baseline only, and we did not distinguish between regular and binge drinking. In addition, we had insufficient numbers to study the effects of specific types of alcoholic beverages. As always, residual confounding by unmeasured factors, such as dietary factors and mental health, cannot be ruled out. Comorbidities thought to play a role in the reproductive setting (i.e. cancer, metabolic syndrome) were not considered in this study; however, the prevalence of cancer and diabetes was low in this age group. Findings for the highest categories of alcohol consumption (6–13 and ≥14 servings/week) were not consistent across the two cohorts. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Despite little evidence of an association between male alcohol consumption and reduced fecundability in the pooled analysis, data from the Danish cohort might indicate a weak association between reduced fecundability and consumption of six or more servings per week. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01-HD060680, R01-HD086742, R21-HD050264, R21-HD072326, R03-HD090315), the Novo Nordisk Foundation, Oticon Fonden, Politimester J.P.N. Colind og hustru Asmine Colinds mindelegat and Erna og Peter Houtveds studielegat. PRESTO receives in-kind donations from FertilityFriend.com, Kindara.com, Swiss Precision Diagnostics and Sandstone Diagnostics for the collection of data pertaining to fertility. Dr Wise serves as a consultant on uterine leiomyomata for AbbVie.com. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Vaughn, Michael G., Matthew O. Howard, and Jeffrey M. Jenson. "Assessing Social Work's Contribution to Controlled Outcome Studies in the Alcohol Dependence Treatment Literature." Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions 4, no. 4 (December 8, 2004): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j160v04n04_03.
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Cheng, Zhankun. "Issues to Consider When Counseling Gay People with Alcohol Dependency." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 33, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.33.3.10.
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This article analyzes the ethical issues facing rehabilitation counselors when counseling gay people with alcohol dependency (GPWAD). Studies show that people who are alcohol dependent and gay share a history of social oppression and neglect. Factors that contribute to the alcohol dependency of people who are gay are explored. When referred to rehabilitation settings for health services, GPWAD are likely to experience discrimination in many ways by heterosexual professionals due to their sexual orientation. Ethical principles regarding GPWAD as a disability are reviewed.
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Faltus, John, Kerry Mullenix, Claude T. Moorman, Kyle Beatty, and Mark E. Easley. "Case Series of First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Injuries in Division 1 College Athletes." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 6, no. 6 (March 20, 2014): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738114527546.
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Context: Injuries of the first metatarsophalangeal (hallux MP) joint can be debilitating in the athletic population. Turf toe and plantar plate injuries are typically diagnosed similarly. However, variance in injury mechanism as well as compromised integrity of soft tissue and ligamentous structures make it difficult to accurately diagnose specific hallux MP injuries. Recent literature has supported the use of both radiographic imaging and the Lachman test as reliable indicators of joint instability in the presence of hallux MP injuries. To date, research supporting specific rehabilitation interventions and return-to-play decision making for hallux MP injuries has been limited to case studies and suggested guidelines from literature reviews. There is limited evidence suggesting specific criteria for surgical and nonsurgical decision making in conjunction with rehabilitation progressions to return an athlete to sport when managing hallux MP injuries. Evidence Acquisition: A literature search was performed using Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar to find and review articles from 1970 to 2013 that addressed the basic anatomy of the plantar plate, injuries to this anatomical structure, and the evaluation, diagnosis, surgical and nonsurgical management, and rehabilitation of these injuries, specifically in the athletic population. Medical information for each case was gathered from electronic medical records from the individual athletes cited in this case series, which included imaging reports, rehabilitation documentation, and both evaluation and surgical reports. No statistical analysis was used. Study Design: Case series. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Treatment plans for each case varied depending on surgical and nonsurgical intervention and rehabilitation outcomes. However, each athlete was able to return to sports-specific activities. Conclusion: Successful outcomes for hallux MP injuries are contingent on thorough evaluation, appropriate clinical decision making with regard to surgical versus nonsurgical treatment planning, and a multidisciplinary team approach for ensuring a safe return to sport. Strength-of-Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT): C.
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Sample, Eddie B., Li Li, and Dennis Moore. "ALCOHOL USE, ETHNICITY, AND DISABILITY: A COMPARISON OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN AND CAUCASIAN GROUPS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 25, no. 3 (January 1, 1997): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1997.25.3.265.
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Previous research has consistently reported that alcohol consumption among the general population varies across cultural groups. However, studies investigating risk factors and drinking patterns of African-Americans and Caucasians with disabilities have been limited. The current study explored the factors of alcohol use among African-Americans and Caucasians with disabilities who were seeking rehabilitation services in three mid-western states of the USA. Multivariate data analysis revealed that African-Americans were more likely to use alcohol than their Caucasian counterparts when other demographic and disability variables were controlled. Additionally, separate multiple-regression models differentiated patterns between African-Americans and Caucasians in selected variables on alcohol use. Cultural issues and implications for rehabilitation services are discussed.
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Idrovo, Juan-Pablo, Jill A. Shults, Brenda J. Curtis, Michael M. Chen, and Elizabeth J. Kovacs. "Alcohol Intoxication and the Postburn Gastrointestinal Hormonal Response." Journal of Burn Care & Research 40, no. 6 (May 17, 2019): 785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irz083.
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Abstract Gastrointestinal hormones are essential in postburn metabolism. Since near 50% of burn victims test positive for blood alcohol levels at hospital admission and have inferior outcomes compared to nonintoxicated burn patients; we hypothesized that the gastrointestinal hormone secretion is compromised in intoxicated burn victims. To test our theory, we quantified gastrointestinal hormones serum levels in a combine ethanol intoxication and burn injury mouse model. Thus, mice received a daily dose of ethanol for 3 days, rested 4 days, and were given ethanol 3 additional days. Mice underwent 15% TBSA scald burn 30 minutes after their last ethanol dose. Serum samples were collected 24 hours after burn injury. Nonintoxicated burned mice exhibited an increase in glucose, insulin, ghrelin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, leptin, and resistin by 1.4-, 3-, 13.5-, 6.2-, 9.4-, and 2.4-fold, respectively, compared to sham vehicle mice (P < .05). Burn injury also reduced serum gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) by 32% compared to sham-injured, vehicle-treated mice. Leptin, resistin, glucagon-like peptide-1, as well as insulin, were not different from sham groups when intoxication preceded burn injury. Nevertheless, in burned mice treated with ethanol, gastric inhibitory polypeptide and glucagon serum levels exhibited a significant fold increase of 3.5 and 4.7, respectively. With these results, we conclude that 24 hours after burn injury, mice developed significant changes in gastrointestinal hormones, along with hyperglycemia. Moreover, the combined insult of burn and ethanol intoxication led to additional hormonal changes that may be attributed to a potential pancreatic dysfunction. Further multiday studies are required to investigate the etiology, behavior, and clinical significance of these hormonal changes.
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Feeney, Gerald F. X., Gerald F. X. Feeney, Ross McD Young, Jason P. Connor, Jane Tucker, and Annie Mcpherson. "Outpatient Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Programme for Alcohol Dependence: Impact of Naltrexone Use on Outcome." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 4 (August 2001): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00935.x.
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Objective: Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) has been effectively used in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Clinical studies report that the anticraving drug naltrexone, is a useful adjunct to treatment. Currently, few data are available on the impact of adding this medication to programmes in more typical, outpatient, and rehabilitation settings. The objective of this study was to examine the impact on outcome of adding naltrexone to an established outpatient alcohol rehabilitation program which employed CBT. Method: Fifty patients participated in an established 12-week, outpatient, ‘contract’-based alcohol abstinence programme which employed CBT. They also received naltrexone 50 mg orally daily (CBT + naltrexone). Outcomes were compared with 50 historical, matched controls, all of whom participated in the same programme without an anticraving medication (CBT alone). All patients met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence. Results: Programme attendance across the eight treatment sessions was lower in the CBT alone group (p < 0.001). Relapse to alcohol use occurred sooner and more frequently in the CBT alone group (p < 0.001). Rehabilitation programme completion at 12 weeks was 88% (CBT + naltrexone) compared with 36% for (CBT alone) (p < 0.001). Alcohol abstinence at 12 weeks was 76% (CBT + naltrexone) compared with 18% (CBT alone) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: When employing the same outpatient rehabilitation programme and comparing outcomes using matched historical controls, the addition of naltrexone substantially improves programme attendance, programme completion and reported alcohol abstinence. In a typical outpatient programme, naltrexone addition was associated with significantly improved programme participation, better outcomes and was well tolerated.
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Wagner, Anne L. Lambert, Tyler M. Smith, Kiran U. Dyamenahalli, Patrick Duffy, Elizabeth J. Kovacs, and Arek J. Wiktor. "742 Marijuana and Drugs of Abuse: Impact on Clinical Outcomes in Burn Injury." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S203—S204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.324.
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Abstract Introduction Alcohol has been shown to increase hospital length of stay, complications and mortality in burn patients in studies examining its effects over the past 25 years. In contrast, there is a scarcity of published data on the effects of marijuana and other drugs of abuse in the burn population. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of marijuana use on burn patients in comparison to other drugs of abuse including alcohol. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 875 burn patients admitted to a verified burn center from July 2015 to July 2019. Patients were identified from our burn registry and additional data was obtained from chart reviews. The primary comparison was between patients with and without a positive toxicology (tox) screens on admission. Contingency analysis for categorical variables was performed using Fisher’s exact test, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables, reporting two-tailed p values. Results Results of admission tox screens on all burn admissions were positive in 48% (423) of patients for drugs of abuse including: marijuana 41% (358), alcohol 16% (141), and stimulants 15% (134). Tox screens positive for alcohol were significant for increased: hospital length of stay (LOS) (p=0.0121), ICU LOS (p=0.0166), ventilator days (p=0.0324), number of operations (p=0.0341), and complication rates (p=0.0005). Patients with positive drug, but negative alcohol screens showed significant increases in: hospital LOS (p=0.029), hospital complications (p=0.0251), and wound infections (p=0.04). Patients testing positive for marijuana approached significance for an increased hospital LOS (p=0.0756) and was significant for increased wound infections (p=0.0476). Looking at median ages: tox positive patients (35) were significantly younger (p=< 0.0001) than negative (49). The median age for patients testing positive for marijuana (35) was significantly younger (p=< 0.0001) than those that testing negative (47). Median age regarding alcohol tox screens was insignificant. Looking at significance in median TBSA, significance was found between tox positive (4.3%) and tox negative (3.5%) patients (p=0.004). TBSA was insignificant in the other groups. Conclusions Almost half of all admitted burn patients tested positive for alcohol and other drugs of abuse. As in previous studies, patients testing positive for alcohol continue to have a more complicated hospital course and longer hospital and ICU LOS. Marijuana, positive in 41% of all burn admissions, showed significance in increased wound infections and a slight trend towards an increased hospital stay. Applicability of Research to Practice The association between burns and drugs of abuse including alcohol indicates the need for increased preventative and educational efforts especially in patients suffering from alcohol abuse/dependence and younger patients.
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Luty, Jason. "Drug and alcohol addiction: do psychosocial treatments work?" BJPsych Advances 21, no. 2 (March 2015): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.114.013177.
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SummaryMethodological issues such as social desirability bias, subjective outcome measures, therapist enthusiasm and fidelity to the intervention remain a major problem in assessing the effectiveness of psychosocial treatments for substance misuse. Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programmes are still widely used, although it is difficult to formally assess their effectiveness. Motivational interviewing is perhaps the most commonly used professional psychosocial treatment for substance misuse, but brief interventions based on this technique report a disappointing effect size (∼0.2). Contingency management is perhaps the most effective reported modality, although it remains politically controversial. Cognitive—behavioural therapy and community reinforcement have been widely studied, but the results are often disappointing (effect sizes seldom exceed 0.5, despite very large trials). Residential rehabilitation remains an established treatment, but patient selection prevents formal cost-effectiveness studies.
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Fischer, Jane A., Ann M. Roche, and Victoria Kostadinov. "Operationalising the quality of life construct in studies of alcohol and drug residential rehabilitation programme clients: A systematic review." Drug and Alcohol Review 38, no. 6 (September 2019): 674–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dar.12981.
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Kruse, Clemens Scott, Kimberly Lee, Jeress B. Watson, Lorraine G. Lobo, Ashton G. Stoppelmoor, and Sabrina E. Oyibo. "Measures of Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Quality of Telemedicine in the Management of Alcohol Abuse, Addiction, and Rehabilitation: Systematic Review." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): e13252. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13252.
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Background More than 18 million Americans are currently suffering from alcohol use disorder (AUD): a compulsive behavior of alcohol use as a result of a chronic, relapsing brain disease. With alcohol-related injuries being one of the leading causes of preventable deaths, there is a dire need to find ways to assist those suffering from alcohol dependence. There still exists a gap in knowledge as to the potential of telemedicine in improving health outcomes for those patients suffering from AUD. Objective The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the measures of effectiveness, efficiency, and quality that result from the utilization of telemedicine in the management of alcohol abuse, addiction, and rehabilitation. Methods This review was conducted utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The articles used in this analysis were gathered using keywords inclusive of both telemedicine and alcohol abuse, which were then searched in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, and MEDLINE (PubMed) databases. A total of 22 articles were chosen for analysis. Results The results indicated that telemedicine reduced alcohol consumption. Other common outcomes included reduced depression (4/35, 11%), increased patient satisfaction (3/35, 9%), increase in accessibility (3/35, 9%), increased quality of life (2/35, 6%), and decreased cost (1/35, 3%). Interventions included mobile health (11/22, 50%), electronic health (6/22, 27%), telephone (3/33, 14%), and 2-way video (2/22, 9%). Studies were conducted in 3 regions: the United States (13/22, 59%), the European Union (8/22, 36%), and Australia (1/22, 5%). Conclusions Telemedicine was found to be an effective tool in reducing alcohol consumption and increasing patients’ accessibility to health care services or health providers. The group of articles for analysis suggested that telemedicine may be effective in reducing health care costs and improving the patient’s quality of life. Although telemedicine shows promise as an effective way to manage alcohol-related disorders, it should be further investigated before implementation.
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Prieto, Jaime, Miguel-Ángel Gómez, and Richard Pollard. "Home Advantage in Men’s and Women’s Spanish First and Second Division Water Polo Leagues." Journal of Human Kinetics 37, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0034.
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The purpose of this study was to quantify the home advantage in both men’s and women’s First and Second Division water polo leagues, to compare the results obtained according to sex of participants and the level of competition, and to test for possible differences in home advantage when considering the interaction between these two factors. The sample comprised four seasons from 2007-2008 to 2010-2011 for a total of 1942 games analyzed. The results showed the existence of home advantage in both men’s and women’s First and Second Divisions. After controlling for the competitive balance of each league in each season, there was a significant difference between men’s and women’s leagues, with higher home advantage for men’s leagues (58.60% compared with 53.70% for women’s leagues). There was also a significant difference between the levels of competition, with greater home advantage for the Second Division (57.95% compared with 54.35% for First Division). No significant differences in home advantage were found when considering the interaction between sex of participants and the level of competition. The results in relation to sex of participants and the level of competition are consistent with previous studies in other sports such as football or handball.
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Roodbeen, Ruud T. J., Rachel I. Dijkstra, Karen Schelleman-Offermans, Roland Friele, and Dike van de Mheen. "Examining the Intended and Unintended Impacts of Raising a Minimum Legal Drinking Age on Primary and Secondary Societal Harm and Violence from a Contextual Policy Perspective: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041999.
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Raising a minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) has generated interest and debate in research and politics, but opposition persists. Up to now, the presentation of impacts focussed on effectiveness (i.e., intended impact); to our knowledge, no literature syntheses focussed on both intended and unintended impacts. A systematic scoping review was conducted in which a search strategy was developed iteratively and literature was obtained from experts in alcohol research and scientific and grey databases. Ninety-one studies were extracted and analysed using formative thematic content analysis. Intended impacts were reported in 119 units of information from the studies (68% positive), forming four paths: implementation, primary and (two) on secondary societal harm and violence. Unintended developments were reported in 43 units of information (30% positive), forming five themes. Only eight studies reported on implementation. Furthermore, a division between primary and secondary paths and the use of a bridging variable (drinking patterns in analyses or methodology) was discovered. These results provide an insight into how well legislation works and can be used to discover or implement new means of curbing underage drinking and alcohol-related violence and harm. They also offer valuable starting points for future research and underline the importance of considering unintended developments.
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Cocker, Hayley, Maria Piacentini, and Emma Banister. "Managing dramaturgical dilemmas: youth drinking and multiple identities." European Journal of Marketing 52, no. 5/6 (May 14, 2018): 1305–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-01-2017-0045.
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Purpose This paper aims to understand how young people manage the dramaturgical dilemmas related to drinking alcohol and performing multiple identities. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on qualitative data collected with 16-18-year olds, the authors adopt Goffman’s dramaturgical perspective to examine youth alcohol consumption in relation to multiple identities. Findings Young people continuously and skilfully juggle multiple identities across multiple contexts, where identities overflow and audiences and interactions overlap. Techniques of audience segregation, mystification and misrepresentation and justification are used to perform and manage multiple identities in a risky health behaviour context. Research limitations/implications The approach may facilitate some over- and under-claiming. Future studies could observe young people’s performances of self across multiple contexts, paying particular attention to how alcohol features in these performances. Practical implications Social marketing campaigns should demonstrate an understanding of how alcohol relates to the contexts of youth lives beyond the “night out” and engage more directly with young peoples’ navigation between different identities, contexts and audiences. Campaigns could tap into the secretive nature of youth alcohol consumption and discourage youth from prioritising audience segregation and mystification above their own safety. Originality/value Extant work has argued that consumers find multiplicity unmanageable or manage multiple identities through internal dialogue. Instead, this paper demonstrates how young people manage multiple identities through interaction and performance. This study challenges the neat compartmentalisation of identities identified in prior literature and Goffman’s clear-cut division of performances into front and back stage.
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Lin, Chen-Ping, Chung-Yi Chiu, Connie Sung, Justine Lai, Fong Chan, and Elizabeth da Silva Cardoso. "Structure of the SOC-13 in Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Clients: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jrc.15.1.28.
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AbstractThe objective of the study was to validate the factorial structure of the short form of the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13) with a sample of substance abuse clients to facilitate health promotion research with this population in the future. Participants were 406 clients recruited from seven residential therapeutic community programs for the treatment of substance abuse. Four confirmatory factor models were tested: (1) a three-factor correlated model; (2) a two-factor correlated model; (3) a 13-item one-factor model; and (4) a 9-item one-factor model. The results indicated that the data did not fit the three-factor correlated model and the two-factor correlated model, whereas empirical data fits the 13-item one-factor and the 9-item one-factor models reasonably well, with the latter representing a significantly better fit than the former one. These results are consistent with previous studies and reflected a unidimensional factor in the sense of coherence, as opposed to the two or three-factor structure. The SOC-9 has considerable promise as a brief measure of SOC in substance abuse assessment and treatment settings.
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Carver, Trevor J., John B. Schrock, Matthew J. Kraeutler, and Eric C. McCarty. "The Evolving Treatment Patterns of NCAA Division I Football Players by Orthopaedic Team Physicians Over the Past Decade, 2008-2016." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 10, no. 3 (January 3, 2018): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738117745488.
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Background: Previous studies have analyzed the treatment patterns used to manage injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I football players. Hypothesis: Treatment patterns used to manage injuries in NCAA Division I football players will have changed over the study period. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Methods: The head orthopaedic team physicians for all 128 NCAA Division I football teams were asked to complete a survey containing questions regarding experience as team physician, medical coverage of the team, reimbursement issues, and treatment preferences for some of the most common injuries occurring in football players. Responses from the current survey were compared with responses from the same survey sent to NCAA Division I team physicians in 2008. Results: Responses were received from 111 (111/119, 93%) NCAA Division I orthopaedic team physicians in 2008 and 115 (115/128, 90%) orthopaedic team physicians between April 2016 and April 2017. The proportion of team physicians who prefer a patellar tendon autograft for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) increased from 67% in 2008 to 83% in 2016 ( P < 0.001). The proportion of team physicians who perform anterior shoulder stabilization arthroscopically increased from 69% in 2008 to 93% in 2016 ( P < 0.0001). Of team physicians who perform surgery for grade III posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries, the proportion who use the arthroscopic single-bundle technique increased from 49% in 2008 to 83% in 2016 ( P < 0.0001). The proportion of team physicians who use Toradol injections prior to a game to help with nagging injuries decreased from 62% in 2008 to 26% in 2016 ( P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Orthopaedic physicians changed their injury treatment preferences for NCAA Division I football players over the study period. In particular, physicians have changed their preferred techniques for ACLR, anterior shoulder stabilization, and PCL reconstruction. Physicians have also become more conservative with pregame Toradol injections. Clinical Relevance: These opinions may help guide treatment decisions and lead to better care of all athletes.
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Markova, M. V., and M. V. Savina. "Main approaches and development’s tendencies of rehabilitation of addicted to psychoactive substances persons." Archives of psychiatry 25, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37822/2410-7484.2019.25.2.102-107.
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Background. Psychoactive substances abused – one of the most common forms of social epidemics – is a phenomenon that represents a global threat to mankind. Alcoholic pathology in the structure of other forms of addiction of psychoactive substances remains the dominant. Today, there are about 140 million people who suffer from alcohol abuse and need treatment and rehabilitation. Ukraine takes fourth place in the number of deaths caused by alcohol.
Objective – to analyze the main approaches and development’s tendencies of rehabilitation of addicted to psychoactive substances persons.
Materials and methods. Publications from open source databases were analyzed for the following keywords: rehabilitation, psychoactive substance, alcohol addiction, drug policy, addicted persons by analytical method.
Results. The representation of rehabilitation approaches in modern narcology is extremely wide. In countries of Western Europe, the USA and Canada, and in recent years – Eastern Europe, many post-Soviet republics, Southern and Southeast Asia, China and many other countries, the problems of rehabilitation of patients, who are psychoactive substances abused, are considered from the standpoint of public health and economic feasibility interferences; efforts are being made to find and justify such rehabilitation measures that can significantly reduce the level of negative social consequences associated with the usage of psychoactive substances. Numerous studies have highlighted the necessity for adequate prior assessment of patients’ rehabilitation potential, further monitoring of the parameters of the rehabilitation process, which demonstrate the effectiveness of therapeutic and rehabilitation technologies.
Conclusions. Content of appropriate substance use disorders rehabilitation programs depend on several factors, such as the drug policies implemented at the national level, the general concept of drug assistance, organized in accordance with the basic doctrinal approaches of national policy, observance or, conversely, ignorance of the principles of evidence medicine by the rehabilitation programs sponsors and organizers as well as financial and human resources.
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Roizen, Ron. "David J. Pittman and Helene Raskin White, eds., Society, Culture, and Drinking Patterns Reexamined. New Brunswick, NJ: Publications Division, Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies, 1991." Social History of Alcohol Review 25 (March 1992): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/sharevv25n1p62.
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Brumitt, Jason, Alma Mattocks, Jeremy Loew, and Phil Lentz. "Preseason Functional Performance Test Measures Are Associated With Injury in Female College Volleyball Players." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0179.
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Context:Preseason functional performance test measures have been associated with noncontact time-loss injury in some athletic populations. However, findings have been equivocal with many studies consisting of heterogeneous populations.Objective:To determine if preseason standing long jump and/or single-leg hop test scores are associated with a noncontact time-loss injury to the lower quadrant (LQ = low back or lower-extremities) in female Division III college volleyball (VB) players.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III female VB teams.Patients:A total of 82 female college VB players (age = 18.9 [1.0] y).Main Outcome Measures:Standing long jump and single-leg hop test measures were collected at the start of the official preseason. Athletic trainers tracked all time-loss injuries and their mechanisms. Athletes were categorized as at risk if their preseason standing long jump <80% height, bilateral single-leg hop <70% height, and had a SLH side-to-side asymmetry >10%.Results:The noncontact time-loss overall injury rate for the LQ region in at-risk athletes was 13.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3–31.5) per 1000 athletic exposures. At-risk athletes were significantly more likely to experience a noncontact time-loss injury than VB players in the referent group (rate ratio = 6.2; 95% CI, 1.9–17.2;P = .008). The relative risk of sustaining a noncontact time-loss injury to the LQ was 4 times greater in the at-risk group (relative risk = 4.6; 95% CI, 2.1–10.1;P = .01). At-risk athletes were 6 times more likely to experience a foot or ankle injury (relative risk = 6.3; 95% CI, 2.1–19.2;P = .008).Conclusion:Suboptimal performance on a battery of functional performance tests is associated with a significantly greater risk of noncontact time-loss injury to the LQ in female Division III college VB players.
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Ramchandani, Girish, Robbie Millar, and Darryl Wilson. "The relationship between team ability and home advantage in the English football league system." German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research 51, no. 3 (May 26, 2021): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00721-x.
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AbstractThe existence of home advantage (HA) has been found in a variety of team sports including football. There is a paucity of research on the relationship between team ability and HA in domestic football leagues and the findings of previous studies are inconclusive. Using longitudinal data from the top four football divisions in England, this study investigates the influence of team ability on the HA of teams. The data collected for this study spans 24 seasons from 1995/96 to 2018/19 and includes 48,864 matches from the English Premier League (n = 9120), the Championship (n = 13,248), League One (n = 13,248) and League Two (n = 13,248). Team ability was interpreted in two ways: (1) the division in which teams play and (2) their league table position within each division. For both the divisional and positional analysis, HA was calculated as the ratio of home points to total points achieved by teams in each season under review. Evidence of a statistically significant HA was found in all four divisions and for teams of all abilities within each division. Small but statistically significant differences in HA were observed between divisions and between high, moderate and low ability teams within divisions.
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Kelly, Kassandra C., Erin M. Jordan, A. Barry Joyner, G. Trey Burdette, and Thomas A. Buckley. "National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletic Trainers' Concussion-Management Practice Patterns." Journal of Athletic Training 49, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.25.
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Context: A cornerstone of the recent consensus statements on concussion is a multifaceted concussion-assessment program at baseline and postinjury and when tracking recovery. Earlier studies of athletic trainers' (ATs') practice patterns found limited use of multifaceted protocols; however, these authors typically grouped diverse athletic training settings together. Objective: To (1) describe the concussion-management practice patterns of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I ATs, (2) compare these practice patterns to earlier studies, and (3) objectively characterize the clinical examination. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Online survey. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 610 ATs from NCAA Division I institutions, for a response rate of 34.4%. Main Outcome Measure(s): The survey had 3 subsections: demographic questions related to the participant's experiences, concussion-assessment practice patterns, and concussion-recovery and return-to-participation practice patterns. Specific practice-pattern questions addressed balance, cognitive and mental status, neuropsychological testing, and self-reported symptoms. Finally, specific components of the clinical examination were examined. Results: We identified high rates of multifaceted assessments (ie, assessments using at least 3 techniques) during testing at baseline (71.2%), acute concussion assessment (79.2%), and return to participation (66.9%). The specific techniques used are provided along with their adherence with evidence-based practice findings. Respondents endorsed a diverse array of clinical examination techniques that often overlapped objective concussion-assessment protocols or were likely used to rule out associated potential conditions. Respondents were cognizant of the Third International Consensus Statement, the National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement, and the revised NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook recommendations. Conclusions: Athletic trainers in NCAA Division I demonstrated widespread use of multifaceted concussion-assessment techniques and appeared compliant with recent consensus statements and the NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook.
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McAweeney, Mary, Joseph Keferl, Dennis Moore, and Joseph Wagner. "Predictors of Successful Closure in the State-Federal Vocational Rehabilitation System: Findings from a Sample of Persons with Disability and Substance Use Disorders." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 39, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.39.2.30.
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Numerous studies have focused on the predictors of successful closure of state-federal vocational rehabilitation (VR) applicants. However, there appears to be only one study focused solely on the predictors of employment with persons who were deemed eligible for services based on their alcohol or drug abuse diagnosis. This retrospective study examined the predictors of employment among this population. A sample of 940 persons with a primary or secondary diagnosis of alcohol or drug abuse and a closure status of 26 or 28 was randomly selected from the 2005 Rehabilitation Service Administration (RSA) 911 data. A combination of consumer characteristics, VR service variables, and work disincentives predicted employment. Knowledge of these predictors suggests ways for counselors to better serve consumers via accurate assessment, appropriate planning, and efficient case coordination.
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Modesto dos Santos, Vitorino, Christiane Aires Teixeira, Ana Carla Andrade de Almeida, Giovana Ferraz Cavalcanti, Tereza Cristina Batista da Mota, and Ana Carolina Vieira Cançado. "A young woman with a left thoracic pain and normal chest radiograph." Italian Journal of Medicine 10, no. 1 (October 27, 2015): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2015.644.
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A young Brazilian woman was admitted to the Emergency Division for localized pain in the left hemithorax and dyspnea worsened by movement for three months, without cough or fever. She was previously healthy and denied allergy, use of alcohol beverages, tobacco or illicit drugs; and was taking oral contraceptive - ethinylestradiol 0.02 mg/drospirenone 3 mg for nine months. Her physical examination and the findings of electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiogram, and echo-Doppler of lower extremities were unremarkable. Routine blood determinations were within normal ranges, except for the levels of Ddimers - 304 ng/mL (normal: <500 ng/mL). Respiratory function tests were not conclusive, and complementary imaging studies were done. After diagnosis and clinical management, she was discharged from hospital without symptoms.
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Roiger, Trevor, Lee Weidauer, and Bryce Kern. "A Longitudinal Pilot Study of Depressive Symptoms in Concussed and Injured/Nonconcussed National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Student-Athletes." Journal of Athletic Training 50, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.83.
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Context: Depression, which affects millions of Americans each year, among them collegiate student-athletes, can be caused by a wide range of circumstances, including sport-related injuries. Objective: To longitudinally examine the extent to which National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes demonstrated postinjury depressive symptoms. Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study. Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate athletics. Patients or Other Participants: Concussed, injured/nonconcussed, and healthy Division I collegiate student-athletes (aged 18–22 years) competing in men's basketball, football, and wrestling and women's basketball, soccer, and volleyball. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at baseline and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postinjury. We measured differences in depressive scores among concussed, injured/nonconcussed, and healthy participants. Longitudinal changes in postconcussion depressive symptoms were also examined. Results: No differences in baseline depressive symptoms among subgroups were noted. After an increase between baseline and 1 week (4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41, 8.16, P = .02), depressive symptoms in the concussion group decreased between 1 week and 1 month (−2.7, 95% CI = −4.96, −0.47, P = .01) and between 1 week and 3 months (−4.0, 95% CI = −6.50, −1.49, P = .004). The injured/nonconcussed group showed differences between baseline and 1 week (4.6, 95% CI = 1.08, 8.17, P = .009) and between baseline and 1 month (3.2, 95% CI = −0.05, 6.30, P = .03). No significant differences were present in depressive symptoms between concussed participants and injured/nonconcussed participants at any of the postinjury time points. Conclusions: Depression may present as a postinjury sequela in Division I collegiate athletes. Athletes who sustain a concussion or other injury resulting in time lost from practice or competition need to be observed carefully for signs and symptoms that may indicate depression. Tools such as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale can be valuable in helping clinicians to recognize and manage depressive symptoms in these individuals.
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Kostogianni, Nikoleta. "The Rorschach in Planning Treatment of Alcohol Addiction Patients." Rorschachiana 31, no. 2 (January 2010): 192–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000011.
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The present study demonstrates the utility of information derived from the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS) in treatment planning for alcohol-dependent patients through two clinical cases. These case studies were selected because they clearly demonstrate the complex relationship between alcohol addiction, clinical syndromes, and personality. Both patients were women. The assessment took place on the third week of an inpatient alcohol rehabilitation program. The referral questions included (1) the magnitude of the emotional distress, (2) the motivation to change, and (3) the adequacy of their interpersonal style with our outpatient group treatment lasting 12 weeks. Each patient was assessed on the MINI, the SCID-II, the MMPI-2, and the Rorschach CS. Rorschach findings completed the information obtained by the clinical interview, the structured interviews, and the self-report inventory by generating hypotheses about clinical diagnoses, the role of alcohol, motivation for change, treatment targets, patients’ strengths and interpersonal style, as well as the potential obstacles for treatment and therapeutic relationship. Specific treatment plans and pertinent techniques for therapy were ascertained for each patient.
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Maurage, P. "Emotional and interpersonal deficits in alcohol-dependen A neuroscience perspective." European Psychiatry 29, S3 (November 2014): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.393.
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The cerebral and cognitive consequences of alcohol-dependence have been widely explored during the last decades, but the emotional and interpersonal alterations associated with this psychiatric state have only been described recently. In view of the implication of these deficits in relapse after detoxification and of their omnipresence in clinical settings, there is an urgent need to further study these affective and social deficits presented by alcohol-dependent individuals. The present communication aims at offering a summary of the available empirical results on this topic and at underlining the usefulness of a multidisciplinary neuroscience approach to better understand these alterations. The initial studies, focusing on emotion decoding abilities, will first be described as they clearly established that alcohol-dependence is associated with a massive deficit in the identification of the emotional content of faces. The causal link between emotional alterations and alcohol-related problems will also be evoked, with a special focus on recent studies exploring the roots of alcohol-dependence. We will then show how more recent studies have capitalized on these first results to further explore affective and social abilities in alcohol-dependence, leading to the current development of a new research field: the affective and social neurosciences of alcohol-dependence, which combines neuroscience approaches by integrating neuropsychological, electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques. Finally, we will identify the main fundamental and clinical perspectives in this field, and we will particularly insist on: (1) the need to take the emotional and social impairments into account in the new theoretical models of addictive states and; (2) the urgency to develop neuropsychological programs specifically dedicated to the rehabilitation of these deficits.
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Mahony, Daniel F., Mary A. Hums, and Harold A. Riemer. "Distributive Justice in Intercollegiate Athletics: Perceptions of Athletic Directors and Athletic Board Chairs." Journal of Sport Management 16, no. 4 (October 2002): 331–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.16.4.331.
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Hums and Chelladurai (1994b) found NCAA coaches and administrators believed distributing resources based on equality and need was more just than distributing them based on equity (i.e., contribution). However, Mahony and Pastore (1998) found actual distributions, particularly at the NCAA Division I level, appear to be based on equity over equality and need. The main purpose of the current study was to determine why the findings in these studies differed. The authors of the current study reexamined the principles from Hums and Chelladurai's (1994b) study, while making significant changes in the sample examined, asking new questions, and adding more distribution options. The results indicated that need based principles were considered to be the most fair, but there was less support for equality than in prior research. In addition, the current study found differences between Division I and Division III administrators with regards to some equality and equity based principles.
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Maten, Josh W. Vander, Logan Roebke, and Jiayong Liu. "Syndesmosis Screw Breakage: An Analysis of Current Literature." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00477.
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Category: Ankle; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Syndesmosis screw fracture is a common occurrence post syndesmosis screw fixation. The purpose of this study is to analyze all studies that include syndesmosis injury fixed with syndesmosis screws based on patient, screw, and surgical/rehabilitation characteristics. An emphasis will be placed on patients who suffered syndesmosis screw fracture following fixation. To date, no review has examined patient, screw, and surgical/rehabilitation characteristics with an emphasis on screw fractures in this patient population. Methods: Of the 482 articles assessed for eligibility, a total 52 articles were selected for full-text review. Following further inclusion criteria requirement 21 articles were included in the study. Each study was analyzed based on patient, screw, and surgical/rehabilitation characteristics. Patient demographics and comorbidities of gender, age, BMI, smoking, alcohol abuse, diabetes, soft tissue conditions were included. Screw characteristics that were included were screw material, number of screws, screw width, number of cortices, and number of patients with screw fracture (screw fracture rate). Surgical/rehabilitation characteristics included ankle position, screw placement above tibial plafond, screw angle, routine removal, rehabilitation process, and time to full weight bearing. Results: A total of 1,196 patients, 761 men and 440 females, were included in the analysis. The average number of patients in each study was 59.80±39.41(12-161). Comprehensive screw, surgical, and rehabilitation + outcome data can be seen in Table 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Nine studies reported on ankle position during surgery; dorsiflexion was the most common. Fourteen reported on placement of the screw above the tibial plafond, with 2 cm being the most common. Five reported on screw angle. 141 patients had a fractured screw(s). The average fracture rate was 11.41%. Five of the 21 studies reported BMI. Three studies stratified data comparing broken screw versus intact screw patients. Five reported on diabetes, one on alcohol abuse, and one study reported on comorbidities. Conclusion: In conclusion, analysis of syndesmosis screw fracture patients versus those with no fracture was difficult due to lack of differentiation in almost all the studies. Notably, syndesmosis screw fracture studies under report patient characteristics, specifically BMI. Comorbidities, especially BMI, are potential cofounding variables within this patient population and could contribute to screw failure. Future studies should include both BMI and comorbidities when analyzing patients whose syndesmosis fixation resulted in screw breakage.
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Karnincic, Hrvoje, Marijana Cavala, and Nenad Rogulj. "The Relationship Between Handball Players and Alcohol and Smoking Habits." Journal of Human Kinetics 63, no. 1 (September 24, 2018): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0013.
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AbstractRecent studies have revealed that sport activity is a protective factor regarding smoking, but a risk factor for alcohol abuse. Considering these findings, it is necessary to investigate the occurrence of substance misuse. Sports that are associated with a substantial amount of physical/mental stress are very interesting from the perspective of substance misuse (e.g., handball). This research was performed to more closely study the population engaged in handball regarding the risk for alcohol and/or tobacco consumption. The sample of respondents consisted of 150 senior handball players who were members of 9 first-league handball clubs from Croatia and abroad. The respondents were grouped into sub-samples according to sex, age, experience, the number of weekly training sessions and their social environment (clubs). Alcohol consumption data were obtained using the AUDIT questionnaire. The differences between groups were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The study revealed that handball players engaged in alcohol misuse, and they were grouped in the harmful drinking category (AUDIT score, 16-19 for all groups). Regarding tobacco product consumption, the risk groups were women (who smoked significantly more than men, MWU test: Z = 3.30. p < 0.001), handball players with less experience (who smoked significantly more than experienced players, MWU test: Z = 3.68, p < 0.001). Borderline significance was observed for the impact made by social environments, and age was not a significant predictor of tobacco consumption. Regarding alcohol consumption, the highest hazard group were national handball players, who drank much more than foreign players did (MWU test: Z = 2.04, p = 0.04); however, sex, age, experience and training habits were not alcohol consumption predictors in handball. This study reveal that the typical behaviors regarding alcohol and tobacco consumption followed by the general population do not apply to handball players. Targeted prevention can be much more precisely established considering this research.
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Gouttebarge, Vincent, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Paul Gorczynski, Brian Hainline, Mary E. Hitchcock, Gino M. Kerkhoffs, Simon M. Rice, and Claudia L. Reardon. "Occurrence of mental health symptoms and disorders in current and former elite athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 11 (May 16, 2019): 700–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100671.
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ObjectivesTo present an overview of the existing epidemiological evidence regarding the occurrence of mental health symptoms and disorders among current and former elite athletes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesFive electronic databases were searched from inception to November 2018: PubMed (MEDLINE), SportDiscus via EBSCO, PSycINFO via ProQuest, Scopus and Cochrane.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included original quantitative studies that were written in English, were conducted exclusively among current or former elite athletes, and presented incidence or prevalence rates of symptoms of mental disorders.ResultsTwenty-two relevant original studies about mental health symptoms and disorders among current elite athletes were included: they presented data especially on symptoms of distress, sleep disturbance, anxiety/depression and alcohol misuse. Meta-analyses comprising 2895 to 5555 current elite athletes showed that the prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders ranged from 19% for alcohol misuse to 34% for anxiety/depression. Fifteen relevant original studies about mental health symptoms and disorders among former elite athletes were included: they similarly presented data especially about symptoms of distress, sleep disturbance, anxiety/depression and alcohol misuse. Meta-analyses comprising 1579 to 1686 former elite athletes showed that the prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders ranged from 16% for distress to 26% for anxiety/depression.ConclusionsOur meta-analyses showed that the prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders ranged from 19% for alcohol misuse to 34% for anxiety/depression for current elite athletes, and from 16% for distress to 26% for anxiety/depression for former elite athletes.
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Follmer, Bruno, Rodolfo Andre Dellagrana, and E. Paul Zehr. "Head Trauma Exposure in Mixed Martial Arts Varies According to Sex and Weight Class." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 11, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738119827966.
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Background: Brain injury arising from head trauma is a major concern in mixed martial arts (MMA) because knockout (KO) and technical knockout (TKO) are frequent fight outcomes. Previous studies have shown a high incidence of matches ending due to strikes to the head but did not consider weight categories and female fights. This study aimed at analyzing match stoppages in MMA and the exposure to head trauma distinguished by sex and weight categories. Hypothesis: The heavier the weight class, the greater the risk and incidence of head trauma will be, regardless of sex. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Publicly available data of 167 MMA events from 1903 fights between 2014 and 2017 were assessed, comprising 8 male and 2 female weight categories. Results: The combined KO/TKO rates per 100 athlete-exposures in the middleweight (19.53), light heavyweight (20.8), and heavyweight (26.09) divisions were greater than previously reported for MMA. While stoppage via KO/TKO occurred in 7.9% of combats in the female strawweight division, it occurred in 52.1% of the male heavyweight fights. The male middleweight ( P = 0.001), light heavyweight ( P < 0.001), and heavyweight divisions ( P < 0.001) had an increased risk of KO/TKO due to strikes to the head by 80%, 100%, and 206%, respectively. The risk in the flyweight division decreased 62% ( P = 0.001). All categories were compared with the lightweight division. The female bantamweight category presented a 221% increased risk in matches ending due to KO/TKO compared with the strawweight division ( P = 0.012). Punches to the head were the major technique used to end a combat via KO/TKO, regardless of sex and weight class. Conclusion: Head injury risk and incidence varies considerably according to sex and weight category in MMA. Clinical Relevance: The analysis of head trauma exposure in MMA athletes should be distinguished according to sex and weight category.
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Chambers, Fiona, and Kathleen Armour. "School–university partnerships and physical education teacher education student learning: A fruitful division of labour?" European Physical Education Review 18, no. 2 (May 22, 2012): 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x12440023.
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Tikunoff, Ward & Lazar (1980) argue that parity or ‘equality of status’ (p.12) is one of the most important ingredients of successful collaboration. During the placement of students on teaching practice (TP), therefore, it can be argued that school and university personnel should be equal partners if the collaboration is to be effective. This paper reports one set of data from a study of Irish physical education teacher education (PETE) students and considers the impact of ineffective school–university partnerships on their professional learning during TP. The study employed a range of qualitative research methods centred on one umbrella case study and five individual case studies. Data were analysed using a systematic grounded theory process and findings indicated a perceived lack of parity between schools and the university. This resulted in PETE students developing in an unsupported and often isolated manner. The implications for career-long professional learning are considered.
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Adeleke, Martina T. V., Michael Pillay, and Bosa E. Okoli. "An Improved Method for Examining Meiotic Chromosomes in Musa L." HortScience 37, no. 6 (October 2002): 959–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.6.959.
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Meiotic studies in Musa L. have been hampered by: 1) time-consuming efforts required to find the correct stages of cell division; 2) rigidity of the microsporocyte cell wall that makes preparation of smears difficult; and 3) poor staining of prophase chromosomes. This study describes an improved technique to examine meiosis in Musa. The procedure involves dissection of microsporocytes from the anthers, centrifugation to obtain large number of microsporocytes, enzymatic digestion of cell walls and treatment of cells with acetic-alcohol that results in spontaneous bursting of the protoplasts and release of chromosomes. Previous meiotic studies in Musa used acetocarmine that stained only highly condensed metaphase and anaphase chromosomes easily but not the relaxed prophase stages. In this study, we found that silver nitrate, Giemsa and Leishmans' stain were also effective for staining Musa chromosomes. Silver staining was most effective for the less contracted prophase chromosomes. By providing an improved procedure to examine all the meiotic stages in Musa, this technique will be useful to develop pachytene karyotypes, characterize new hybrids and identify nuclear restitution mechanisms that are important in breeding schemes.
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Costardi, João Victor Vezali, Rafael Augusto Teruaki Nampo, Gabriella Lourenço Silva, Maria Aparecida Ferreira Ribeiro, Heryck José Stella, Mercia Breda Stella, and Sônia Valéria Pinheiro Malheiros. "A review on alcohol: from the central action mechanism to chemical dependency." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 61, no. 4 (August 2015): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.61.04.381.
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SummaryIntroduction:alcohol is a psychotropic depressant of the central nervous system (CNS) that promotes simultaneous changes in several neuronal pathways, exerting a profound neurological impact that leads to various behavioral and biological alterations.Objectives:to describe the effects of alcohol on the CNS, identifying the signaling pathways that are modified and the biological effects resulting from its consumption.Methods:a literature review was conducted and articles published in different languages over the last 15 years were retrieved.Results:the studies reviewed describe the direct effect of alcohol on several neurotransmitter receptors (gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], glutamate, endocannabinoids AEA and 2-AG, among others), the indirect effect of alcohol on the limbic and opioid systems, and the effect on calcium and potassium channels and on proteins regulated by GABA in the hippocampus.Discussion and conclusion:the multiple actions of alcohol on the CNS result in a general effect of psychomotor depression, difficulties in information storage and logical reasoning and motor incoordination, in addition to stimulating the reward system, a fact that may explain the development of addiction. Knowledge on the neuronal signaling pathways that are altered by alcohol allows the identification of effectors which could reduce its central action, thus, offering new therapeutic perspectives for the rehabilitation of alcohol addicts.
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Siribaddana, Sisira Hemananda, Waduthanthrige Danushki Siriwardane, Suwin Nilanga Hewage, Athukoralage Don Manjula Deshapriya Athukorale, Athula Sumathipala, and Matthew Hotopf. "Update From Sri Lankan Twin Registry: Establishment of a Population-Based Twin Register and Ongoing Project on Common Mental Disorders, Alcohol Abuse and Suicidal Ideations." Twin Research and Human Genetics 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 868–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.9.6.868.
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AbstractThe Sri Lankan Twin Registry began as a volunteer register in 1997. Previously, we have shown door-to-door surveys as the best option to build a population-based twin register of older, adult twins. Our aim was to build a population-based twin register in the Colombo district and use it for twin studies on common mental disorders. We aimed to identify a random sample of 4000 twins ascertained through the twin census. The Colombo district is divided into 13 divisional secretariat divisions (DSDs) and each division is further divided into Grama Niladari divisions administratively. Grama niladaris (GNs) are civil servants and visit each household in order to update the electoral register. GNs were used to do a census of twins while they updated the electoral register. The correlation between population density and twin rate among DSDs was .81, and between twin rate and the percentage of returned forms (from each DSD) was .74. We received 9648 forms notifying about twins and multiples. After removing the duplicates and information about twins who live in other districts, there were 17,406 multiples remaining. After incorporating twins and multiples from various other feasibility studies we now have 19,040 multiples with 8.46 twins per 1000 people in the Colombo district.
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Petroliene, Raimonda, Liuda Sinkariova, Dalia Karpovaite, Loreta Zajanckauskaite-Staskeviciene, Jurga Misiuniene, and Laura Alciauskaite. "The Impact Of Psychological Characteristics On The Effectiveness Of Motivational Interviewing Based Psychological Counseling." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 15 (May 30, 2016): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n15p95.
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It is well known that in order to control the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease patients, their lifestyle should be taken into account (American Heart Association, 2012; Klumbiene et al., 2002). Studies of various disease patients’ manners (Knight et al., 2006; Thompson et al., 2011) confirm that motivational interviewing (Miller & Rollnick, 2013) is an effective method for changing unhealthy behavior. Nevertheless, our practical experience of motivational interviewing based psychological counseling with rehabilitation hospitals’ cardiac patients’ (Sinkariova et al., 2015) revealed noteworthy observations about some participants lack of motivation to change unhealthy behavior. This observation encouraged us to start a study with the aim to find out if cardiac rehabilitation participants’ personality traits and emotional state are related to the effectiveness of motivational interviewing based psychological counseling. The study used a quasi-experiment where cardiac rehabilitation patients were assigned to control (regular rehabilitation, n=55) or experimental (rehabilitation plus motivational interviewing based psychological counseling intervention, n=64) groups. A total of 119 participants (male=83, female=36, M age=60.47, SD=8.762) attended a survey, which included NEO-FFI, HADs, and “Readiness to change questionnaire” at the beginning and end of cardiac rehabilitation. Nonparametric data analysis showed that patients’ personality traits are not related to the effectiveness of motivational interviewing based counseling, whereas depression is positively related to the effectiveness of intervention to change alcohol consumption. Conclusions/Implications: Depression as an expression of emotional state is an important feature for the effectiveness of motivational interviewing based counseling to change cardiac patients’ alcohol consumption. Further understanding of relationships between psychological characteristics and the effectiveness of intervention could help to improve cardiac diseases prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.
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Kucera, Kristen L., Stephen W. Marshall, David R. Bell, Michael J. DiStefano, Candice P. Goerger, and Sakiko Oyama. "Validity of Soccer Injury Data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Injury Surveillance System." Journal of Athletic Training 46, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-46.5.489.
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Context: Few validation studies of sport injury-surveillance systems are available. Objective: To determine the validity of a Web-based system for surveillance of collegiate sport injuries, the Injury Surveillance System (ISS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA). Design: Validation study comparing NCAA ISS data from 2 fall collegiate sports (men's and women's soccer) with other types of clinical records maintained by certified athletic trainers. Setting: A purposive sample of 15 NCAA colleges and universities that provided NCAA ISS data on both men's and women's soccer for at least 2 years during 2005–2007, stratified by playing division. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 737 men's and women's soccer athletes and 37 athletic trainers at these 15 institutions. Main Outcome Measure(s): The proportion of injuries captured by the NCAA ISS (capture rate) was estimated by comparing NCAA ISS data with the other clinical records on the same athletes maintained by the athletic trainers. We reviewed all athletic injury events resulting from participation in NCAA collegiate sports that resulted in 1 day or more of restricted activity in games or practices and necessitated medical care. A capture-recapture analysis estimated the proportion of injury events captured by the NCAA ISS. Agreement for key data fields was also measured. Results: We analyzed 664 injury events. The NCAA ISS captured 88.3% (95% confidence interval = 85.9%, 90.8%) of all time-lost medical-attention injury events. The proportion of injury events captured by the NCAA ISS was higher in Division I (93.8%) and Division II (89.6%) than in Division III (82.3%) schools. Agreement between the NCAA ISS data and the non–NCAA ISS data was good for the majority of data fields but low for date of full return and days lost from sport participation. Conclusions: The overall capture rate of the NCAA ISS was very good (88%) in men's and women's soccer for this period.
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Miller, Timothy L., Marissa Jamieson, Sonsecharae Everson, and Courtney Siegel. "Expected Time to Return to Athletic Participation After Stress Fracture in Division I Collegiate Athletes." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 10, no. 4 (December 14, 2017): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738117747868.
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Background: Few studies have documented expected time to return to athletic participation after stress fractures in elite athletes. Hypothesis: Time to return to athletic participation after stress fractures would vary by site and severity of stress fracture. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: All stress fractures diagnosed in a single Division I collegiate men’s and women’s track and field/cross-country team were recorded over a 3-year period. Site and severity of injury were graded based on Kaeding-Miller classification system for stress fractures. Time to return to full unrestricted athletic participation was recorded for each athlete and correlated with patient sex and site and severity grade of injury. Results: Fifty-seven stress fractures were diagnosed in 38 athletes (mean age, 20.48 years; range, 18-23 years). Ten athletes sustained recurrent or multiple stress fractures. Thirty-seven injuries occurred in women and 20 in men. Thirty-three stress fractures occurred in the tibia, 10 occurred in the second through fourth metatarsals, 3 occurred in the fifth metatarsal, 6 in the tarsal bones (2 navicular), 2 in the femur, and 5 in the pelvis. There were 31 grade II stress fractures, 11 grade III stress fractures, and 2 grade V stress fractures (in the same patient). Mean time to return to unrestricted sport participation was 12.9 ± 5.2 weeks (range, 6-27 weeks). No significant differences in time to return were noted based on injury location or whether stress fracture was grade II or III. Conclusion: The expected time to return to full unrestricted athletic participation after diagnosis of a stress fracture is 12 to 13 weeks for all injury sites. Clinical Relevance: Athletes with grade V (nonunion) stress fractures may require more time to return to sport.
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Perryman, Cassandra, and Genevieve Dingle. "A systematic review of the methodologies used in research related to adult drug and alcohol rehabilitation in therapeutic communities published 2000-2013." Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 36, no. 4 (December 14, 2015): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-09-2014-0029.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to summarize research conducted in long-term residential rehabilitation centers, including therapeutic communities (TCs), in order to further clarify the effectiveness of this treatment approach and to evaluate the quality of TC research conducted in the period 2000-2013. Design/methodology/approach – The composite search engine UQ database Summon were used to find articles with “Therapeutic Community” as title words, and the search was limited to adult participants, peer-reviewed articles, published between January 2000 and June 2013 in the English language. The review was conducted using Cochrane Collaboration methods and reported under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses guidelines. Findings – In total, 25 studies met inclusion criteria for the review and represented data from n=5,923 participants in the USA, Australia, Spain, England, and Belgium. Evidence supports the TC approach for a diverse range of individuals who misuse a range of substances. Several studies reported a relationship between retention and outcomes however dropout from treatment is a widespread issue. A paucity of research using multiple time points precludes any firm conclusions regarding the optimal length of treatment in a TC. There is a lack of research on the interplay between individual and community-level factors on client well-being, retention, and longer term outcomes. Research limitations/implications – This review highlights the need for TC research that includes multiple time points and follow-up assessments, and measures of change in theoretically meaningful constructs alongside standard measures of demographics, substance use, and psychiatric symptoms. Practical implications – The reporting format of TC research should be better standardized in order to create a better basis for research comparison. More standardized reporting would also allow for effect size analysis, and create a more efficacious evidence base. Originality/value – This updates the systematic review body of research.
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Müller, K. W., A. Koch, U. Dickenhorst, M. E. Beutel, E. Duven, and K. Wölfling. "Addressing the Question of Disorder-Specific Risk Factors of Internet Addiction: A Comparison of Personality Traits in Patients with Addictive Behaviors and Comorbid Internet Addiction." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/546342.
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Uncontrolled use of the internet has been reported to affect the lives of some users in a negative way. According to epidemiological studies, about 1% of the general population is showing signs of internet addiction. Since internet addiction is becoming a growing health concern, research on potential risk factors is becoming more important in order to develop strategies for prevention and to adopt therapeutic treatment. Although there are some studies investigating personality traits in internet addiction, most of these studies are based on samples of healthy subjects. In this research project, we compared personality profiles of a sample of patients in different rehabilitation centers. 70 patients with an addiction disorder that additionally met the criteria for internet addiction were compared to 48 patients suffering from alcohol dependence. Besides Big Five personality traits, we also assessed depressive symptoms. It was shown that patients with comorbid internet addiction can be discriminated from other patients by higher neuroticism and lower extraversion as well as lower conscientiousness. After controlling for depressive symptoms, lower conscientiousness especially turned out to be a disorder-specific risk factor. As internet addiction is related to unique patterns of personality traits and can be discriminated from alcohol dependence, treatment approaches are needed that meet the specific requirements of patients with internet addiction.
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Zampogna, Biagio, Sebastiano Vasta, Guglielmo Torre, Akhil Gupta, Carolyn M. Hettrich, Matthew J. Bollier, Brian R. Wolf, and Annunziato Amendola. "Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Cohort of Division I NCAA Athletes From a Single Institution." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 232596712098228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120982281.
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Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are common in collegiate athletes. The rate of return to the preinjury level of sport activities after ACL reconstruction continues to evolve. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to determine the return-to-sport rate after ACL reconstruction in a cohort of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes in different sports. It was hypothesized that, with intensive supervision of rehabilitation, the return-to-sport rate would be optimal. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 75 collegiate athletes from a single institution who had undergone unilateral or bilateral ACL reconstruction between 2001 and 2013 and participated in an extensive supervised rehabilitation program. Prospectively collected athlete data as well as data about preinjury exposure, associated lesions, surgical technique, time lost to injury, number of games missed, time to return to full sport activity or retire, and subsequent surgical procedures were extracted from the medical and athletic trainer records. Results: The 75 patients (40 male, 35 female; mean age, 20.1 years) underwent 81 reconstruction procedures (73 primary, 8 revision). The mean follow-up was 19.3 months. The overall return-to-sport rate was 92%. After reconstruction, 9 athletes (12%) retired from collegiate sports, but 3 of them returned to sport activities after graduation. Overall, 8 athletes (11%) experienced an ACL graft retear. Conclusion: The return-to-sport rate in our National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes compared favorably with that reported in other studies in the literature. The strict follow-up by the surgeon, together with the high-profile, almost daily technical and psychological support given mainly by the athletic trainers during the recovery period, may have contributed to preparing the athletes for a competitive rate of return to sport at their preinjury level.
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Curtis, Ryan M., Robert A. Huggins, Courteney L. Benjamin, Yasuki Sekiguchi, Lindsey K. Lepley, Tania B. Huedo-Medina, and Douglas J. Casa. "Factors Associated With Noncontact Injury in Collegiate Soccer: A 12-Team Prospective Study of NCAA Division I Men’s and Women’s Soccer." American Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 11 (August 18, 2021): 3076–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465211036447.
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Background: Multiteam, multi-institution prospective studies of both women’s and men’s sports are essential for collectively investigating injury and primary to the generalization and individualization of injury prevention strategies. Hypothesis: Characteristics of workload, sleep, and contextual factors will be associated with injury risk in collegiate soccer athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Injuries, workload, and sleep characteristics were recorded daily throughout a complete season for 256 athletes from 12 separate National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men’s and women’s soccer teams. Workload and contextual factors were assessed via multilevel Poisson regression to capture differences in injury incidence rate ratio (IRR). Paired t test and multilevel logistic regressions were used to assess the relationship between sleep behavior and injury. Results: Collegiate soccer athletes had lower rates of noncontact injury in the in-season (IRR, 0.42) and postseason (IRR, 0.48) compared with preseason, lower rates of injury in training (IRR, 0.64) compared with matches, and higher injury rates with only 1 day of rest in the previous week (IRR, 1.58) compared with >1 day. Injury rates peaked when training occurred 4 days before a match (IRR, 2.24) compared with a match. Injury rate increased exponentially with increases in the number of noncontact injuries incurred throughout the season (IRR, 2.23). Lower chronic loading, higher training monotony, and acute spikes and lulls in workload were associated with higher noncontact injury rates. Alterations in previous week sleep quality were associated with injury, while chronic sleep behavior and acute alterations (<7 days) in sleep behavior were not ( P > .05). Conclusion: Athlete and schedule-specific contextual factors, combined with characteristics of workload and weekly sleep behavior, are significantly associated with injury in collegiate soccer. Multiteam prospective cohort studies involving objective and subjective monitoring allow for the identification of multiple injury risk factors in sports, which can be used to guide injury prevention strategies. Maintaining higher chronic workloads, lowering training monotony, minimizing acute spikes or lulls in workloads, managing workloads during preseason and for athletes with previous injury, integrating more rest and recovery during congested periods, and optimizing sleep quality are all practical considerations for reducing injury risk in collegiate soccer.
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Streel, MA, PhD, Emmanuel, Valérie Antoniali, MA, Salvatore Campanella, MA, PhD, Julie Castronovo, MA, Catherine Hanak, MD, Isy Pelc, MD, PhD, and Paul Verbanck, MD, PhD. "Evaluation of cognitive functioning in 101 patients before opiate detoxification: Implications in setting up therapeutic strategies." Journal of Opioid Management 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2005.0012.
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Many studies have brought to light the facts that repeated use of drugs significantly influences one’s cognitivefunctions, and that cognitive problems could interfere directly with one’s capacity to participate in a rehabilitation program. In this research, we used the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) to assess the cognitive status of 101 hospitalized patients in an opiate detoxification program. The results reveal that a major-ity of the tested patients present cognitive abnormalities to varying degrees of severity. Furthermore, these cognitive deficits are correlated withfour Addiction Severity Index (ASI) scales (medical, alcohol use, drug use, and psychiatry, respectively). Considering the results, because cognition is a major issue in detoxification and rehabilitation programs, simple cognitive screening (as with the GDS) coupled with a particular interest in some aspects of a patient’s anamnesis could lead to better management of opiate-dependentpatients.