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Journal articles on the topic 'Division of Health Care Financing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Baugh, Christine M., Emily Kroshus, Bailey L. Lanser, Tory R. Lindley, and William P. Meehan. "Sports Medicine Staffing Across National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, II, and III Schools: Evidence for the Medical Model." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 6 (May 4, 2020): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0463-19.

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Context The ratio of clinicians to patients has been associated with health outcomes in many medical contexts but has not been explored in collegiate sports medicine. The relationship between administrative and financial oversight models and staffing is also unknown. Objective To (1) evaluate staffing patterns in National Collegiate Athletic Association sports medicine programs and (2) investigate whether staffing was associated with the division of competition, Power 5 conference status, administrative reporting structure (medical or athletic department), or financial structure (medical or athletic department). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Collegiate sports medicine programs. Patients or Other Participants Representatives of 325 universities. Main Outcome Measure(s) A telephone survey was conducted during June and July 2015. Participants were asked questions regarding the presence and full-time equivalence of the health care providers on their sports medicine staff. The number of athletes per athletic trainer was determined. Results Responding sports medicine programs had 0.5 to 20 full-time equivalent staff athletic trainers (median = 4). Staff athletic trainers at participating schools cared for 21 to 525 athletes per clinician (median = 100). Both administrative and financial oversight from a medical department versus the athletics department was associated with improved staffing across multiple metrics. Staffing levels were associated with the division of competition; athletic trainers at Division I schools cared for fewer athletes than athletic trainers at Division II or III schools, on average. The support of graduate assistant and certified intern athletic trainers varied across the sample as did the contributions of nonphysician, nonathletic trainer health care providers. Conclusions In many health care settings, clinician : patient ratios are associated with patient health outcomes. We found systematic variations in clinician : patient ratios across National Collegiate Athletic Association divisions of competition and across medical versus athletics organizational models, raising the possibility that athletes' health outcomes vary across these contexts. Future researchers should evaluate the relationships between clinician : patient ratios and athletes' access to care, care provision, health care costs, health outcomes, and clinician job satisfaction.

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Burrows, Anthony M., Richard P. Moser, John P. Weaver, Demetrius E. Litwin, and Julie G. Pilitsis. "Massachusetts health insurance mandate: effects on neurosurgical practice." Journal of Neurosurgery 112, no. 1 (January 2010): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.6.jns09499.

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Object Massachusetts' health insurance mandate and subsidized insurance program, Commonwealth Care, have been active for 2 years. Methods The financial impact on the neurosurgery division and demographics of the relevant patient groups were assessed. The billing records of neurosurgical patients from January 2007 to September 2008 were collected and analyzed. Results Commonwealth Care comprised 2.2% of neurosurgical inpatients, and these patients did not have significantly different acuity or lengths of stay from the average. Length of stay of MassHealth patients was significantly greater, although acuity was significantly lower than the average. Increased free care reimbursement and increased MassHealth/Commonwealth Care enrollment resulted in a net gain in reimbursement of hospital charges. Conclusions The increased insurance rates have resulted in increased reimbursement for the neurosurgical division.

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El Moussawi, M. A. E., Zh V. Mironenkova, S. Z. Umarov, O. I. Knysh, and O. D. Nemyatykh. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEBANON DEVELOPMENT. PROSPECTS FOR COOPERATION WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Pharmacy & Pharmacology 8, no. 3 (December 21, 2020): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-205-218.

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The objective of the research was to conduct a comparative analysis of the development of Lebanon based on a number of demographic, economic and social indicators characterizing the health care of Lebanon, and to determine the prospects for the cooperation with the Russian Federation (RF) in the pharmacy field.Materials and methods. The studies were conducted from 2009 to 2016. The objects were the statistical data accumulated on the basis of the data from national institutions and international organizations. These data were published annually in the reports of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the United Nations Population Division for 11 countries in the Middle East: Bahrain, Jordan, Yemen, Kuwait, Lebanon, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Saudi Arabia (Asian countries); Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia (North African countries). The research methods were: a comparative analysis, analytical grouping of data, ranking.Results. A comparative analysis of demographic, economic and social indicators revealed that low mortality rates and high life expectancy in Lebanon were achieved both due to a satisfactory level of health care financing (Rank 5) and due to the adoption of adequate decisions in organizing and managing the Lebanese health care system. The positive trends that were inherent in the Lebanese health care system in previous decades continued to operate within the framework of earlier inertia, while migration flows intensified. However, there has been a slowdown in the decline in infant mortality in the dynamics of growth rates, which is a signal of the emergence of negative processes in the social sphere of the country.Conclusion. The current situation in the Lebanese health care system, associated with limited financial resources, poses new challenges in the search for managerial decisions in the field of organizational management. The import of drugs from the Russian Federation will provide a significant reduction in the financial costs of providing the population of Lebanon and migrants with medicines which will increase the monetary costs of providing medical care.

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Paim, Ana, Prakhar Vijayvargiya, Zerelda Esquer Garrigos, Eugene Tan, and John O’Horo. "1637. Improving Transitions of Care in the Division of Infectious Diseases." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S44—S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy209.107.

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Abstract Background Patients dismissed from the hospital on oral or intravenous antibiotics frequently need follow-up appointments with the Division of Infectious Diseases (ID). Follow-up appointments may be inappropriately scheduled with respect to timing and indication. Suboptimal transitions of care may lead to increased no-shows and ultimately poor patient outcomes. Methods The baseline sample included 102 patients seen by the inpatient ID services at Mayo Clinic’s Rochester Methodist and Saint Mary’s Hospitals between January 1, 2017 and June 30, 2017. Defects in transitions of care were categorized as those pertaining to sign-off templates, sign-off labels, follow-up priority, and timing. The current transfer of care system from our institution is outlined in Figure 1. Results Out of 102 patients, 75 (74%) had at least one defect identified. Root cause analysis revealed multiple factors contributing to this performance gap (Figure 2). Patients often have variable health literacy and social or financial difficulties. There are often multiple ID providers with inadequate time to properly orchestrate follow-up. There are undefined checkpoints and triaging in the department’s scheduling policies. Interventions involved reformatting the ID sign-off template and clarifying the roles of providers in the transitions-of-care process. Analysis after 6 months of implementation revealed improvement of communication among teams, decline in improper sign off by 13% and decrease in antibiotic prescription errors by 2%. Conclusion This study demonstrates that well-designed sign-off templates can help with effective communication of the final treatment plan among providers and possibly improve patient outcomes. The target goal is to reduce the number of improper sign-offs by 50% within 1 year. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Moore, Amy, and Verity Hawarden. "Discovery Digital Health strategy: COVID-19 accelerates online health care in South Africa." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2020-0197.

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Learning outcomes The broad teaching objective is underpinned by the themes of purpose and partnerships. This is taught through application of business model innovation for sustainability where the value proposition is broadened to social and environmental, and multi-stakeholder partnerships in a time of crisis. Students will be expected to analyse the above concepts through a meso (sustainable value), micro (business models) and macro (ecosystems) lens. Upon completion of the case study discussion, successful students will be able to better understand the three features that support sustainable value, explore how a global pandemic can create new business models and partnerships to create social value and analyse how business ecosystems operate against the 6 C framework. Case overview / synopsis Discovery Holdings Limited is a leading financial service organisation in South Africa, and its Digital Health division is responsible for the platform which delivers telemedicine offerings to doctors and patients. The case highlights the development of the telemedicine offering and the period that is covered spans from the launch of the Discovery DrConnect platform in 2017 to April 2020. Adrian Moss is the protagonist in the case. He is a manager in the Special Projects, Digital Health team of Discovery Health, responsible for the DrConnect project. His challenge is how to raise more awareness of the DrConnect offering and how to enhance uptake from doctors and patients. COVID-19 and the lockdown in South Africa in March and April of 2020 presented an opportunity for both doctors and patients to use telemedicine as a new way of engagement and treatment. Complexity academic level This case is appropriate for masters, MBA and executive education students focusing on the fields of study of environment of business, strategy, business model innovation and social entrepreneurship. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS: 11 Strategy.

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Hurley, Catherine, Elizabeth Kalucy, and Malcolm Battersby. "General Practitioners' Collaboration with Service Coordinators: What Makes it Work? Lessons from the SA HealthPlus Coordinated Care Trial." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 1 (2002): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02007.

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In the past, a number of factors have been identified that discourage collaboration between GPs and other health professionals in providing care to patients with chronic illness. These include financing arrangements, lack of time and lack of knowledge of the role of other professions. This paper uses data from the independent evaluation of the SA HealthPlus Coordinated Care Trial to examine the factors that encourage and inhibit collaboration between general practitioners (GPs) and Service Coordinators (a role introduced by the trial and carried out by nurses and allied health professionals). Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to evaluate the role of the GP and the Service Coordinator in the trial. These data were analysed to determine what factors encouraged and inhibited collaboration. Results indicated that effective communications, knowledge of and respect for each other's roles and responsibilities, and a clearly perceived benefit from collaboration were the most important predictors of successful collaboration for both parties. These results also suggest strategies for increasing the likelihood of collaboration between GPs and others such as the location of the Service Coordinator in the practice and ways of dealing with GP workloads and communication needs. These findings are relevant to recent policy initiatives including the MBS Enhanced Primary Care item numbers, the employment of practice nurses, and allied health staff via Divisions of General Practice.

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Kabiesz, Patrycja, and Joanna Bartnicka. "Spatial Analysis of the Availability of Health and Social Services for People with Special Needs." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 4, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2021-0040.

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Abstract The health care system should offer and provide a variety of services without undue delay. Due to numerous technical, financial and human resource constraints, not all services can be offered both without restrictions and in equal measure in places of different sizes of residence. As a result of qualitative and quantitative research, a map of accessibility to social and health services was drawn up, taking into consideration the division of the country into voivodeships with different population. Spatial analysis showed great diversity in terms of service availability. Voivodships with the highest accessibility of health and social services are Dolnośląskie, Opolskie and Świętokrzyskie, while the worst situation is in Wielkopolskie. Moreover, the article identifies the main problems that people with limited functionality encounter when using health and social services.

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Muralidharan, Shrikanth, Astha Chauhan, Srinivasa Gowda, Rutuja Ambekar, Bhupendra S. Rathore, Sakshi Chabra, Afsheen Lalani, and Harsh Harani. "Assessment of orthodontic treatment need among tribal children of Indore division, Central India." Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 91, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-795.

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Introduction. India is home to many tribes which have an interesting and varied history of origins, customs and social practices. Oral health care in tribal areas is limited due to shortage of dental manpower, financial constraints and the lack of perceived need for dental care among tribal masses.Objective To assess orthodontic treatment need among tribal children of Indore division, Central India.Methods. A cross-sectional house to house survey was carried out among 800 tribal children aged 5 to 15 years old in two major tribal districts of Indore division. Permissions and consent were obtained from local administrative authorities, ethical committee and parents respectively. A structured proforma was used to record demographic data. Examination for dentofacial anomalies was conducted according to WHO 1997 survey methods. Descriptive tables and analytical tests like ANOVA, post-hoc and chi-square test were employed.Results. The mean age was 9.75(±2.43) years. The mean DAI score among 12 to 15 years old children was 23.19±5.22. Female exhibited higher (24.51±5.34) mean DAI score compared to males (22.12±4.87) (p<0.05). The Patelia tribes (24.38±5.13) reported higher mean DAI score than Bhilala (23.02±5.69) and Bhil tribe (22.73±4.79) (p<0.005).Conclusion. The tribal children had minor malocclusion with no or slight treatment need. Categorization of orthodontic treatment need according to malocclusion severity is particularly important for the planning of corresponding public policies. The isolation of the villages, lack of transportation options imposes limitations on the availability of health professionals to provide dental services.

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Faruque, Omar, and Md Motiur Rahman. "Development of Small Scale Industry in Rangpur Division of Bangladesh: Employee Perception." Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v8i1.572.

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The financial result of a business largely depends on the employees’ satisfaction. When employees feel happy, then they contribute more attention to the work, show more sincerity. As a result, the production of the organization is increased, and finally, the profit is increased. The study has attempted to find out the perception of employees towards the growth and development of small scale industry in the Rangpur Division of Bangladesh during 2013-14 to 2017-18. The study is empirical. An interview was taken for 400 small-scale industry workers from 16 upazilas through a questionnaire. They were asked about their perception of the growth and development of this industry. The perception of the employee is measured by the Likert scale. The result shows that the participation in decision-making/ implementation perception contains the highest value of 51.0% satisfactory level and the excellent level of satisfaction holds the lowest value of 3.25%. Perquisites structure perception holds the highest value of 48% at a satisfactory level, health, and safety facility perception holds that 36.0% of employees are satisfied. On the other hand, 48% of employees are satisfied in job security perception and the bonus and incentive contain 56.0% of employees are satisfied. For day-care center facilities, 83.0% of employees are dissatisfied. The result concludes that employees show very poor satisfaction in perquisites structure, health, and safety facility, bonus and incentive, day-care center, termination policy, leave policy, and entertainment opportunities. It is mathematically proved that, if the employees are satisfied, then the growth of the organization will be increased. As a result, it is important to satisfy employees properly for the growth and development of the SSI. If that can be done properly, the sustainable development of small-scale industries is possible.

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Akhtar, Adil Jamal, Jeffrey H. Margolis, Karna Sheth, Karma Maxwell, Andrew A. Muskovitz, Richard Philip Zekman, George Howard, et al. "A community oncology practice financial experience in oncology care model pilot (OCM)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e19379-e19379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e19379.

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e19379 Background: Oncology Division of Michigan Health Professionals (MHP) participates in OCM, which requires effort from all MHP OCM providers to coordinate care at same or lower cost to Medicare. Palliative Care, Care Management, and End of Life Care programs established by MHP, in collaboration with Premiere Hospice and Integra Connect, have shown cost and quality benefits in the OCM patients. Quality improvement initiatives included monthly OCM provider meetings to review OCM results, identify cost & quality opportunities, and to design training and education sessions. In order to assess the impact of such a concerted initiative, this study aims to evaluate MHP OCM provider impact in OCM total cost of care relative to historical period. Methods: Retrospective review of reconciliation results provided by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI) for OCM performance periods 1-4 (pp1-4). Total cost of care (ACTUAL) and cost categories were the summarized and adjusted expenditures during 6-month OCM period as reported by CMMI. ACTUAL and cost category experience was compared by OCM performance period to the trended-mean of matched historical OCM-eligible patients (Baseline Episodes from CMMI). Patients were matched by cancer type, comorbidity count, age group, radiation, surgery, and low-intensity/-risk cancer sub-type for prostate, bladder and breast cancers. Results: The largest pp1-4 cost category reductions were acute inpatient ($2.2M), physician services excluding drug-cost, imaging and labs ($1.2M), skilled nursing facility ($0.5M), ancillary which consists of imaging and lab ($0.5M), inpatient rehab ($0.3M), home health agency ($0.3M), radiation oncology ($0.1M). The largest pp1-4 increase in OCM expense relative to historical was Part D Drugs ($1.7M). Conclusions: MHP decreased non-drug costs by $5.1M compared to historical cost for matched patients. OCM costs were lower in facility (hospital and SNF) and physician sites of care. Drug costs increased by $1.7M. Study was limited by OCM claims available as of December 2019. Results may be refreshed as more data becomes available. [Table: see text]

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Gawne, Suzanne, Rebecca Fish, and Laura Machin. "Developing a Workplace-Based Learning Culture in the NHS: Aspirations and Challenges." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 7 (January 2020): 238212052094706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2382120520947063.

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Background: The delivery of patient care in the United Kingdom is under increasing financial pressure. The need to continuously improve service delivery while making financial savings is challenging. Alongside this, National Health Service (NHS) Trusts must provide a suitable educational environment that meets the needs of all learners while meeting performance standards and targets set by external regulating authorities. This research addresses the gap in literature concerning educational culture in the NHS. Methods: This case study examines the delivery of postgraduate medical education in the workplace. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 lead educators in the Medical Division of a North West NHS Trust to glean their insights into what works and what needs to change. Results: A thematic analysis of the transcripts revealed a number of factors that facilitated and hindered educational opportunities for doctors in training, including the role of leadership, the demands of external regulatory authorities, and the pressures on frontline staff to deliver safe, personal, and effective care. Conclusion: Opportunities for developing a collaborative approach between educational and clinical leaders and the individuals delivering education in the workplace to enhance the educational environment are discussed. Finally, an evaluatory toolkit based on the themes emerging from the data is proposed, as a resource for other health care organisations to help improve the delivery of workplace-based medical education.

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Angliss, V. E. "Holte Revisited — A Review of the Quality of Prosthetic Treatment." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 10, no. 1 (April 1986): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093648609103073.

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The standards recommended at the United Nations Inter regional Seminar on Standards for the Training of Prosthetists in Holte, Denmark, in 1968 were universally accepted as being ideal, practical and economical. As these standards and the services to patients are not always observed, world wide, a study was made to investigate the situation in Australia. Australia is a federation with responsibility for health and education vested in six States. The Federal Government is the principal taxing authority with the States dependent on it for financing services. The isolation of Australia led the Government during 1960 to send a rehabilitation medical officer to survey the system in Europe and North America. The best features of overseas practice became the basis for updating an Australian Service and establishing the Central Development Unit. The Artificial Limb Service is based on clinical care, formal in-service training of limb makers and fitters, patient training by therapists and the purchase of components from mass producers. The Service is answerable to lay and medical staff in the State Branches and to the Central Office of the Department, located in Canberra. The division of responsibility between the State and Federal Governments seems to lead to competition for control of services rather than to an integrated plan for Prosthetic-Orthotic training with services. Industrial conflict due to a perceived threat of the supplanting of apprentices by formally trained prosthetists-orthotists has also adversely affected development. In this paper the views of Government authorities, medical prosthetic prescribers and of personnel who conducted a pilot study in delivery of a prosthetic service are discussed.

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RUIZ, PEDRO. "Treating Drug Problems, vol. 1: A Study of the Evolution, Effectiveness, and Financing of Public and Private Drug Treatment Systems by the Committee for the Substance Abuse Coverage Study, Division of Health Care Services, Institute of Medicine." American Journal of Psychiatry 150, no. 5 (May 1993): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.150.5.835.

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Motorova, N. S. "Role of the institutions of provincial government in resolving social problems of the population of the Belarusian provinces (1861–1914)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 65, no. 3 (August 6, 2020): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2020-65-3-307-317.

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The article describes the structure and powers of the provincial government in the implementation of the main directions of state social policy. It was noted that on theterritoryofBelarusthey played a major role in solving the social problems of the population due to the lack of zemstvos. The outdated legal framework and the lack of a clear division of functions hampered their effectiveness.In the mid 1880s regulatory committees were established in the structure of the provincial institutions. On the territory of the Belarusian provinces they played an important role in the implementation of social policy, as they controlled the financing of the ruralmedical part and partly public charity. However, the experience of the activities of the regulatory committees was unsatisfactory. In this regard, at the end of the XIX century the Interior Ministry proposed to eliminate them, as well as to abolish the provincial food commissions and departments of public charity. It was planned to transfer their functions to the zemstvos. This proposal was implemented partially, as a result of the introduction of the institutions of local economy in theVitebsk,MinskandMogilevprovinces in 1903.At the end of the XIX century in the structure of the provincial administration ofBelaruswere created the offices which were entrusted with the functions of monitoring compliance with the workers’ legislation, and then the insurance of workers. They were formed under the influence of new social demands. These offices corresponded to new social and economic conditions, in contrast to the provincial institutions, which managed public charity, national food and health care.

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Robertson, Ann R. R., Ulugbek Nurmatov, Harpreet S. Sood, Kathrin Cresswell, Pam Smith, and Aziz Sheikh. "A systematic scoping review of the domains and innovations in secondary uses of digitised health-related data." Journal of Innovation in Health Informatics 23, no. 3 (November 10, 2016): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/jhi.v23i3.841.

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Background: Substantial investments are being made in health information technology (HIT) based on assumptions that these systems will save costs through increased quality, safety and efficiency of care provision. Whilst short-term benefits have often proven difficult to demonstrate, there is increasing interest in achieving benefits in the medium and long term through secondary uses of HIT-derived data.Aims: We aimed to describe the range of secondary uses of HIT-derived data in the international literature and identify innovative developments of particular relevance to UK policymakers and managers.Methods: We searched nine electronic databases to conduct a systematic scoping review of the international literature and augmented this by consulting a range of experts in the field.Results: Reviewers independently screened 16,806 titles, resulting in 583 eligible studies for inclusion. Thematic organisation of reported secondary uses was validated during expert consultation (n = 23). A primary division was made between patient-identifiable data and datasets in which individuals were not identified. Secondary uses were then categorised under four domain headings of: i) research; ii) quality and safety of care provision; iii) financial management; and iv) healthcare professional education. We found that innovative developments were most evident in research where, in particular, dataset linkage studies offered important opportunities for exploitation.Conclusions: Distinguishing patient-identifiable data from aggregated, de-identified datasets gives greater conceptual clarity in secondary uses of HIT-derived data. Secondary uses research has substantial potential for realising future benefits through generating new medical knowledge from dataset linkage studies, developing precision medicine and enabling cross-sectoral, evidence-based policymaking to benefit population-level well-being.

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Komjathy, Hajnalka. "Financial aspects of community pharmacies in Slovakia (2009-2014) Finančné aspekty verejných lekární na Slovensku v rokoch 2009-2014." European Pharmaceutical Journal 63, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2016-0013.

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AbstractCommunity pharmacies play an important role in the process of ensuring public health. Pharmacists provide pharmaceutical care that includes acquiring, storing, preparing, reviewing and dispensing medicines, medical devices and dietary food to the inhabitants; providing them with information and advice; acquiring, storing and dispensing additional assortment; carrying out physical and biochemical testing for primary prevention and monitoring of drug efficacy and safety. At present, there are constant changes which have direct or potential and often negative impact on community pharmacies. For providing affordable and good quality pharmaceutical care, it is important to continuously monitor and analyse the developments in the financial data in community pharmacy business management. The data file from 2009-2014 on financial performance of selected community pharmacies were obtained from the Register of Financial Statements at Ministry of Finance Slovak Republic. A group of 194 community pharmacies were selected that represented more than 10 percent of all pharmacies. The selection criteria respected the territorial division of the Slovak Republic on districts, the size of municipalities (cities and villages) and location (at or near health centres, shopping centres, housing estates, etc.). The evaluation parameters were gross profit, net profit, revenue from sales of goods and services, operating expenses, total assets, inventory, short-term receivables, total receivables, financial assets, owner’s equity, total liabilities, current liabilities and their characteristics (25th, 50th, 75thpercentile, minimum, maximum, mean). The financial parameters obtained and their characteristics presented the basic information on the management of community pharmacies. The data also provided information for further assessment on factors that might have an impact on their value and direction of evolution.

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Mayer, Julia, Sabine Ettinger, and Anna Nachtnebel. "VP76 European Collaboration In Health Technology Assessment – Experiences And Possible Benefits." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231700349x.

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INTRODUCTION:Consistently high-quality health care is expected throughout Europe while concurrently, financial resources of member states are decreasing. National Health Technology Assessment (HTA) institutes are informing evidence-based reimbursement decisions in the national context, leading to redundancies in HTA production and tying up limited resources. Since 2006, the European Union project, the European Network for HTA (EUnetHTA) is aiming at enhancing the efficient use of HTA resources and facilitating transnational collaboration. Our aim is to present previous experience in joint assessment of medical devices. Furthermore, possible benefits of European collaboration for stakeholders will be discussed.METHODS:Processes and challenges of the completed EUnetHTA Joint Action (JA) 2 are summarized and discussed. Benefits, aims and opportunities of the ongoing EUnetHTA JA 3 are described.RESULTS:Six rapid assessments of medical devices, focusing on the assessment of effectiveness and safety, were published during EUnetHTA JA 2. Challenges in European medical device assessment encompass the choice of topics, the time point of assessments and the lack of European standards for systematic patient involvement. Characteristics of medical devices, like learning curves, call for monitoring them throughout their lifecycle.The benefit of European collaboration for stakeholders is manifold: uncertainty with regard to actual added value of a technology is minimized through Early Dialogues; harmonized and transparent assessment processes increase the quality of reports; work division among HTA organizations allows a resource-efficient assessment of a bigger amount of technologies; patient involvement ensures consideration of patient relevant endpoints.The importance of cross-border collaboration in HTA is shown in the continuation of the EUnetHTA project, which aims to sustainably strengthen international collaboration even after expiration of EU-funding.CONCLUSIONS:European collaboration in medical device assessment can ensure cross-border health care and efficient cooperation of national health systems. The focus should be set on a wide implementation of jointly established methods and quality standards. The European collaboration can lead to a concrete benefit for various stakeholders.

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Sobieski, Leszek. "E-HEALTH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLE. COMMENTS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF POLISH LAW." Review of European and Comparative Law 35, no. 4 (June 16, 2019): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.4808.

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In the article an attempt was made to present the assumptions of Polish legislative solutions concerning e-health in the context of one of the basic principles of European philosophical and legal thought – the principle of subsidiarity. The principle of subsidiarity, the essence of which is to leave it to the political communities to carry out tasks for which they can take responsibility, has been incorporated into the legislation of nation states and the European Union, determiningthe identity of European civilisation. Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland are an example of the translation of the subsidiarity principle into legal norms. Attention has been paid to the possibility of decentralising and delegating competences to lower levels of public authority in the field of health, using or amending the e-health legislation accordingly. Appropriate division of tasks and competences in the area of health care, taking into account the subsidiarity principle, can be observed at both national and EU level. European Union law recognises the autonomy of the Member States to define national health regulations. On the basis of selected national and EU regulations, a definition of e-health has been proposed, understood as a set of provisions within the health care system regulating the collection, processing of data and provision of health care services in order to identify and optimise the satisfaction of individual and collective health needs as well as to pursue an effective health policy by public authorities. The basic assumptions of key national and EU legal acts are also indicated. On the basis of the solutions adopted in the Act on Health Care Services Financed from Public Funds, the formal possibility of delegating and effective performance of tasks has been demonstrated in the field of health protection by local government units. New information and communication technologies provide the basis for a more complete implementation of the subsidiarity principle in health protection, as they enable the necessary knowledge on the collective and individual health needs at European, national and any other expected level – regional, population, age to be gathered and transferred. They are a tool, previously unavailable, for the precise identification of the needs of separated communities. On the other hand, new technologies can be a tool for communities to meet these needs to the extent that they are able to provide organisational and financial security. The combination of new information and communication technologies with the application of a systematic concept of tasks implementation based on the principle of subsidiarity will allow for a change in the model of health care in Poland.

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Doerpinghaus, Helen I., Ullrich K. Hoffmeyer, and Thomas R. McCarthy. "Financing Health Care." Journal of Risk and Insurance 63, no. 3 (September 1996): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253636.

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Nieves, W. L. "Financing health care." Neurology 39, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.39.10.1407.

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Munsat, T. L. "Financing health care." Neurology 39, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.39.10.1407-a.

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Black, J. "Financing health care." BMJ 296, no. 6627 (April 2, 1988): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.296.6627.1000.

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Macnair, A. "Financing health care." BMJ 296, no. 6632 (May 7, 1988): 1331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.296.6632.1331-c.

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24

Ameduri, Clifford J. "HEALTH CARE FINANCING." Orthopedics 16, no. 2 (February 1993): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0147-7447-19930201-04.

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Page, Margaretta, Idonah M. Molina, Judy Patt, and Susan Marina Chang. "Care of the caregiver: Improving caregiver outcomes across the disease trajectory." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2014): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.31_suppl.82.

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82 Background: Caregivers are essential members of the health team, often assuming diverse primary care roles for the cancer patient. Caregiver needs vary across the trajectory of illness and range from informational needs to emotional support to assistance with accessing resources. The needs of caregivers of brain tumor patients are complex not only because of the life threatening nature of the illness but also because of the wide range of neurological and cognitive deficits patients experience, a known risk factor for added stress to the caregiver. To address these challenges and improve caregiver outcomes, the Neuro Oncology Division at UCSF developed a program to provide an additional layer of care that includes information and support to caregivers of brain tumor patients across the trajectory of illness, from diagnosis to death. Methods: The program consists of a medical director and a dedicated nurse practitioner, social worker and coordinator, all focused on the caregiver of the brain tumor patient. The goals of the program are to provide information needed to assist with disease and symptom management, effective communication with the health care team, maximization of use of available resources, and to provide emotional support. Three groups of caregivers were targeted: caregivers of all new patients with a focus on newly diagnosed glioblastoma and caregivers of patients deemed at “high risk,” either identified by the provider, or because of the phase in the illness trajectory. Results: Since June 2013, 13 caregivers reported no needs for the first 4 months from diagnosis. 13 caregivers received care, with over half reporting concerns regarding financial issues and disability as well as need for emotional support around adjusting to the diagnosis, role changes, and care demands. In addition, varying levels of care have been provided to 70 caregivers of patients identified at “high risk” for distress due to disease progression or when transitioning to hospice. Conclusions: This program provides care to caregivers of brain tumor patients at specific time points to improve caregiver outcomes. Challenges include tailoring the information at the right time as well as measuring outcomes with minimal extra burden to the caregiver.

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Meutchieye, Felix, Henri Grisseur Djoukeng, Youssouf Jamilou Ngouyamsa, and Yacouba Manjeli. "Description of Freshwater Fish Traditional Smoking in the Western Region, Cameroon." Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology 14, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.v14i1.7.

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Western Cameroon is one of the regions most in needs of innovative and healthy solutions for freshwater fish conservation. This study aimed at evaluating the socio-economical characteristics of fish smokers and technical factors on the species smoked in the Noun Division. A total of 91 fish smokers were chosen. The socio-economic data were on age, gender, religion, number of dependents, marital status, ethnic group, education level, economic activities, smoking goals and workforce. The results of this study showed that fish smoking is practiced mainly by women (70%) which is common in Sub Sahara Africa small scale fish sector. The smokers are aged from 20 to 50 years (80%), married (92.2%) and taking care of a family of 1 to 10 persons (80%). These smokers are Muslim (74%), belonging to the Bamoun ethnic group (81%). They were also involved in other activities: agriculture (29%) and trade (1%). About 67% of the sampled smokers’ population had an experience of more than 10 years in the domain. The Purpose of smoking was largely sales (97%) and subsistence (3%). Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was the most smoked species (36%), followed by African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with a proportion of 32%. The average quantity of fresh fish smoked was 110 kg/day/smoker, with Oreochromis niloticus being more produced (60±4.74 kg/day/smoker). With regard to the smoking techniques used, hygiene measures were poorly respected. The major constraints revealed by the survey were that freshwater’s traditional fish smoking activities in Noun Division are influenced by gender, economic and cultural background. There is a lack of technical support material and financial means. Any implications for future investigations on health and food safety will be suitable for fresh fish smokers and the entire consumers.

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Kibisu, Midikira Churchill, La Vonne Straub, and Norman Walzer. "Financing Rural Health Care." Journal of Risk and Insurance 58, no. 3 (September 1991): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253415.

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Collins, Karen Scott, Vicki L. Romero, Carolyn Drummond, and Iris Shannon. "Financing women's health care." Women's Health Issues 3, no. 2 (June 1993): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1049-3867(05)80190-2.

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Fong, Jie Ming Nigel, and Paul Anantharajah Tambyah. "Singapore's health-care financing." Lancet 382, no. 9907 (November 2013): 1779–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62541-6.

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30

Perloff, Janet D. "Financing Rural Health Care." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 14, no. 2 (1989): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-14-2-433.

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31

Editorial Submission, Haworth. "HEALTH CARE FINANCING ADMINISTRATION." Health Care on the Internet 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j138v04n01_15.

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Sullivan, J. Andy. "Financing Children's Health Care." Orthopedics 25, no. 5 (May 2002): 462–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0147-7447-20020501-03.

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Plimley, Sarah L., and Sarah Krahenbuhl. "“Proud to be a Special”: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of Special Constables in the UK." Safer Communities 18, no. 3/4 (October 14, 2019): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-08-2019-0024.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand what motivates members of the public to volunteer within the Special Constabulary and seek to understand their experiences when engaging in this role. There is little qualitative research examining the experiences of volunteers and yet such literature is pivotal in supporting positive future engagement of a valuable resource.Design/methodology/approachSix currently serving Special Constables (SC) were interviewed about their role. The semi-structured interviews were transcribed and analysed qualitatively through thematic analysis.FindingsThematic analysis identified four main themes: “Proud to be a Special”: active demonstration of pro-social behaviour; “Lines of Division”: recognition of distinction between SC and Regular Police Officers; “Levels of Training”: adverse consequences of inadequate training; and “Mind the Gap”: impact of financial austerity. The SC recognised their role as a utilitarian resource with both positive and negative impacts on all Police Officers.Originality/valueThe findings highlighted the need for a careful balance between having enough SC to maintain appropriate policing and yet ensuring opportunity for sufficient experience to develop and implement their skills, successful demonstration of which would support more positive working relationships with Regular Police Officers.

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Page, Margaretta S., Mary Lovely, Abigail Levinson Marks, Amanda K. LaMarre, Susan M. Chang, Jennifer Clarke, Judy Patt, and Emelia Barani. "Family Camp: A multi-disciplinary intervention for brain tumor patients and families." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 26_suppl (October 9, 2016): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.26_suppl.240.

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240 Background: The diagnosis of a brain tumor is a catastrophic life changing event that impacts the entire family. Patients and caregivers experience dramatic role changes, concern for their children, financial stress, and isolation. For many, the situation is overwhelming. A novel intervention to address these needs is “Family Camp”. Our vision for camp was to provide respite to the entire family, decrease caregiver stress, improve family connections and promote a sense of understanding and connection with the community at large. Methods: In a unique partnership with the widow of a former patient, the members of the UCSF Neuro-Oncology Division created and offered a weekend camp for brain tumor patients with children. Team members included MDs, RNs, social workers, psychologists, artists, body workers, “camp counselors” and community volunteers. In addition to respite, camp was structured through art, songs, projects and games to deliver opportunities for understanding and community building, including understanding the disease and its impact on the family. Therapeutic interventions included couples activities, counseling, parenting strategies, and providing a sense of connection to others dealing with brain tumors, the health care team, and camp volunteers. Anxiety, stress, depression, coping and values based living were measured pre and post camp using DASS21, CES-D, Brief Cope, Values Based Living instruments, and survey questions. Results: 11 families attended camp for 3 days in 2014. Improvement was noted in post camp testing of depression, anxiety and stress versus pre-camp. Survey questions showed the most common and important outcome to be connection, specifically that patients, caregivers, and children made connections with similar others. Families reported being able to relax and felt taken care of. They liked the opportunity for undistracted family time, getting to know their health providers outside of the office, and couples benefited from family counseling. Conclusions: Capitalizing on the unique skills of a multi-disciplinary team, one that includes the patient’s health care team, can lead to the delivery of a novel intervention that improves the illness experience of brain tumor patients and families.

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Mitrofanova, Irina B., and Vladimir L. Liozner. "The socio-economic situation in South Africa in the early 2000-ies." RUDN Journal of Economics 27, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2019-27-2-223-234.

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The article describes political changes, unstable economic development and the difficult social situation in the country after the fall of the apartheid regime. South Africa’s raw materials orientation in the international division of labor and the weak development of manufacturing industries due to the narrow domestic market and lack of investment are shown. The factors that reduce economic growth rates have been identified: low investment activity in the country, declining volumes of foreign investment, a backward structure of industrial production in which extractive industries dominate, rising unemployment, low levels of education, and health care. The characteristic of the catastrophic stratification of South African society, the position of the white minority is given. The place of the country in the international division of labor is shown. Considered the main sectors of the economy of South Africa, among them: industry, agriculture, financial sector and transport network. After the abolition of the apartheid regime, South Africa retained in its foreign trade an emphasis on the export of mineral raw materials, coal and metallurgy products. Today, South Africa faces a number of serious socio-economic problems, generated both by the legacy of apartheid and by the influence of modern factors, both internal and external, that directly affect the country's economy and mutually aggravate each other. Second, a low level of education is a major socio-economic problem in South Africa. It takes a countdown from the days of apartheid, when the broad masses of a non-full population were either completely illiterate or received an education of poor quality. Thirdly, a serious problem is the glaring level of social stratification and poverty, which has been preserved since the days of apartheid.

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36

Kwon, Soonman. "Health Care Financing in Asia." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 23, no. 5 (September 2011): 651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539511422940.

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BROTOWASISTO, OSCAR GISH, RIDWAN MALIK, and PARAMITA SUDHARTO. "Health care financing in Indonesia." Health Policy and Planning 3, no. 2 (1988): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/3.2.131.

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38

Evans, Jonathan. "Health Care Financing and Professionalism." Caring for the Ages 12, no. 3 (March 2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1526-4114(11)60065-6.

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39

Robinson, James C. "Financing The Health Care Internet." Health Affairs 19, no. 6 (November 2000): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.19.6.72.

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40

van den Oever, R., and C. Volckaert. "Financing Health Care in Belgium." Acta Chirurgica Belgica 108, no. 2 (January 2008): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00015458.2008.11680197.

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41

Shalala, Donna E. "Health Care Financing: What Next?" Brookings Review 14, no. 2 (1996): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20080627.

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42

Stacey, James. "The Health Care Financing Administration." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 258, no. 6 (August 14, 1987): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1987.03400060098038.

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Murphy, Karen, Ryan Koski-Vacirca, and Joshua Sharfstein. "Resilience in Health Care Financing." JAMA Health Forum 1, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): e200614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2020.0614.

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Murphy, Karen, Ryan Koski-Vacirca, and Joshua Sharfstein. "Resilience in Health Care Financing." JAMA 324, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.10417.

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45

Bailit, HL. "Future financing of health care." Journal of Dental Education 50, no. 2 (February 1986): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.1986.50.2.tb01967.x.

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46

Stacey, J. "The Health Care Financing Administration." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 258, no. 6 (August 14, 1987): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.258.6.822.

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47

Curtiss, Frederic R. "Deregulation of health-care financing." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 42, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 1136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/42.5.1136.

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48

Anderson, T. "Innovative financing of health care." BMJ 339, no. 04 3 (November 4, 2009): b4235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b4235.

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49

Steuerle, C. Eugene. "Financing and administering health care." Society 32, no. 1 (November 1994): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02693359.

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50

Leyland, Alastair H., Samiratou Ouédraogo, Julian Nam, Lyndal Bond, Andrew H. Briggs, Ron Gray, Rachael Wood, and Ruth Dundas. "Evaluation of Health in Pregnancy grants in Scotland: a natural experiment using routine data." Public Health Research 5, no. 6 (October 2017): 1–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr05060.

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Background Pregnancy and the period around birth are critical for the development and improvement of population health as well as the health of mothers and babies, with outcomes such as birthweight influencing adult health. Objectives We evaluated the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Health in Pregnancy (HiP) grants in Scotland, looking for differential outcomes when the scheme was in place, as well as before its implementation and after its withdrawal. Design The HiP grants were evaluated as a natural experiment using interrupted time series analysis. We had comparison groups of women who delivered before the grants were introduced and after the grants were withdrawn. Setting Scotland, UK. Participants A total of 525,400 singleton births delivered between 24 and 44 weeks in hospitals across Scotland between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2014. Intervention The HiP grant was a universal, unconditional cash transfer of £190 for women in Great Britain and Northern Ireland reaching 25 weeks of pregnancy if they had sought health advice from a doctor or midwife. The grant was introduced for women with a due date on or after 6 April 2009 and subsequently withdrawn for women reaching the 25th week of pregnancy on or after 1 January 2011. The programme was paid for by Her Majesty’s Treasury. Main outcome measures Our primary outcome measure was birthweight. Secondary outcome measures included maternal behaviour, measures of size, measures of stage and birth outcomes. Data sources The data came from the Scottish maternity and neonatal database held by the Information and Services Division at the NHS National Services Scotland. Results There was no statistically significant effect on birthweight, with births during the intervention period being, on average, 2.3 g [95% confidence interval (CI) –1.9 to 6.6 g] lighter than would have been expected had the pre-intervention trend continued. Mean gestational age at booking (i.e. the first antenatal appointment with a health-care professional) decreased by 0.35 weeks (95% CI 0.29 to 0.41 weeks) and the odds of booking before 25 weeks increased by 10% [odds ratio (OR) 1.10, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.18] during the intervention but decreased again post intervention (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.00). The odds of neonatal death increased by 84% (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.78) and the odds of having an emergency caesarean section increased by 7% (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.10) during the intervention period. Conclusions The decrease in the odds of booking before 25 weeks following withdrawal of the intervention makes it likely that the HiP grants influenced maternal health-care-seeking behaviour. It is unclear why neonatal mortality and emergency caesarean section rates increased, but plausible explanations include the effects of the swine flu outbreak in 2009 and the global financial crisis. The study is limited by its non-randomised design. Future research could assess an eligibility threshold for payment earlier than the 25th week of pregnancy. Funding The National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme. The Social and Public Health Sciences Unit is core funded by the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12017/13) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU13).

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