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Journal articles on the topic 'Division of Time'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 8 July 2025

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1

Arianti, Nyanyu Neti, and Indra Cahyadinata. "KAJIAN DAMPAK PEMEKARAN WILAYAH TERHADAP KESENJANGAN EKONOMI ANTAR DAERAH PESISIR DI PROVINSI BENGKULU." Jurnal AGRISEP 15, no. 1 (2016): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.15.1.27-36.

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This research were conducted to analyze the impact of regional division to the economic disparity among the coastal regions in Bengkulu Province. The data used in this research were time series data of GRDP and population for the period of 1993 to 2000 (before division) and 2004 to 2011 (after divison) obtained from Statistic Office. The result of this research showed that the value of Index Williamson(IW) before regional division was 0,22 lower than the IW value after the regional division (0,43). That was meaned that after the regional division, economic disparity of the coastal region in Bengkulu Province higher than before the regional division. Keywords : regional divisions, economic disparity, coastal region

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2

Makutina, Valeria, Anna Krivonogova, Irina Donnik, and Al'bina Isaeva. "TIME-LAPSE IN VITRO CULTIVATION OF CATTLE EMBRYOS TO THE BLASTOCYST STAGE." Bulletin of KSAU, no. 3 (March 10, 2025): 106–17. https://doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2025-3-106-117.

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The aim of the study is to apply time-lapse observation to monitor the development of bovine embryos in vitro, and to analyze the prognostic potential of morphokinetic parameters of cleavage as a criterion for assessing the competence of the embryo to form a blastocyst. The study was performed on postmortem material; oocyte maturation, fertilization and cultivation of bovine embryos to the blastocyst stage occurred in vitro. The potential ability of the embryo to form a good quality expanded blastocyst can be determined based on the temporal and morphological characteristics of the first and three subsequent divisions of the embryo (from the zygote to the formation of the 4-cell stage). If the embryo division fits into the time intervals we have defined and there are no signs of abnormal multipolar or unequal zygote cleavage, the embryo develops more effectively and more often reaches the blastocyst stage: the first division of the embryo should occur in (27.77 ± 0.28) h after oocyte fertilization; the duration from the moment of formation of the cleavage furrow to the formation of a two-cell embryo should be no more than (0.38 ± 0.05) h; the second and third divisions with the formation of a 4-cell embryo should occur no later than (36.58 ± 0.27) and (37.77 ± 0.32) h after fertilization. Embryos whose development did not fit into the specified time parameters, as a rule, stopped at different stages of development, not developing to the blastocyst stage. Multipolar division into three or more blastomeres and unequal division into blastomeres of different sizes were, according to our data, negative prognostic signs of early embryogenesis. Multipolar division occurred with a frequency of 29.71 % in embryos that did not form a blastocyst, and only 9.26 % in embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage, unequal cleavage – with a frequency of 5.86 and 0.93 %, respectively. Viable and promising embryos follow much stricter time frames of division, and embryos that stop developing, as a rule, go beyond the time range and more often demonstrate division anomalies.

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3

Dainton, Barry F. "TIME AND DIVISION." Ratio 5, no. 2 (1992): 102–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9329.1992.tb00041.x.

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4

Torii, Teruaki, Yuta Haruse, Shintaro Sugimoto, and Yusuke Kasaba. "Time division ghost imaging." Optics Express 29, no. 8 (2021): 12081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.419619.

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5

Way, Steve. "No time for division." Primary Teacher Update 2012, no. 12 (2012): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prtu.2012.1.12.54.

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6

Albares, D. J., G. A. Garcia, C. T. Chang, and R. E. Reedy. "Optoelectronic time division multiplexing." Electronics Letters 23, no. 7 (1987): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19870242.

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7

KOURTIS, A., K. DANGAKIS, V. ZACHAROPOULOS, and C. MANTAKAS. "Analogue time division multiplexing." International Journal of Electronics 74, no. 6 (1993): 901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207219308925891.

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8

Chao, J. "Division of physician time." Archives of Internal Medicine 146, no. 8 (1986): 1643a—1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.146.8.1643a.

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9

Chao, Jason. "Division of Physician Time." Archives of Internal Medicine 146, no. 8 (1986): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1986.00360200223054.

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10

Nadyaputri Majid, Audy, and Leni Sagita. "Identification Of Communication Flows And Information Distribution In The Manufacturing Project Control Division Of PT XYZ." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 5, no. 3 (2024): 696–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v5i3.1112.

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PT XYZ has four divisions: sales, implementation, planning and evaluation, and finance. As time goes by, there is a recurring phenomenon/case, namely delays in the information distribution process in each division due to ineffective communication flow procedures. Each division has an ongoing distribution of information that is not integrated and can only be accessed by the respective division's personnel. This greatly affects the company directly and indirectly. In this research, the flow of communication at PT XYZ and stakeholders will be identified, as well as the roles and responsibilities of each division personnel at PT XYZ to improve effective and efficient work. The research results also emphasize the communication flow of each division so that each party fully understands the distribution of information to carry out ongoing project implementation at PT XYZ.

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11

Griffiths, Seren, Robert Johnston, Rowan May, et al. "Dividing the Land: Time and Land Division in the English North Midlands and Yorkshire." European Journal of Archaeology 25, no. 2 (2021): 216–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2021.48.

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Land divisions are ubiquitous features of the British countryside. Field boundaries, enclosures, pit alignments, and other forms of land division have been used to shape and delineate the landscape over thousands of years. While these divisions are critical for understanding economies and subsistence, the organization of tenure and property, social structure and identity, and their histories of use have remained unclear. Here, the authors present the first robust, Bayesian statistical chronology for land division over three millennia within a study region in England. Their innovative approach to investigating long-term change demonstrates the unexpected scale of later ‘prehistoric’ land demarcation, which may correspond to the beginnings of increasing social hierarchy.

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12

Razlighi, Mohsen Mohammadkhani, Nikola Zlatanov, and Petar Popovski. "Dynamic Time-Frequency Division Duplex." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 19, no. 5 (2020): 3118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.2970701.

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13

Kimura, T., H. Shimizu, H. Miyagi, and K. Noda. "Time division multiplexed OTDR system." Electronics Letters 21, no. 23 (1985): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19850760.

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14

Esmailzadeh, R., M. Nakagawa, and E. A. Sourour. "Time-division duplex CDMA communications." IEEE Personal Communications 4, no. 2 (1997): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/98.590675.

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15

Tyszer, J. "Self-checking time-division switch." Electronics Letters 24, no. 22 (1988): 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19880950.

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16

Hosokawa, Mizuhiko, Elisa Felicitas Arias, Richard Manchester, et al. "DIVISION A COMMISSION 31: TIME." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, T29A (2015): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316000648.

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Time is an essential element of fundamental astronomy. In recent years there have been many time-related issues, in scientific and technological aspects as well as in conventions and definitions. At the Commission 31 (Time) business meeting at the XXIX General Assembly, recent progress and many topics, including Pulsar Time Scales WG and Future UTC WG activities, were reviewed and discussed. In this report, we will review the progress of these topics in the past three years. There are many remarkable topics, such as Time scales, Atomic clock development, Time transfer, Future UTC and future redefinition of the second. Among them, scientific highlights are the progress of pulsar time scales and the optical frequency standards. On the other hand, as the social convention, change in the definition of UTC and the second is important.

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17

Ohnuki, Shinichiro, Ryohei Ohnishi, Di Wu, and Takashi Yamaguchi. "Time-Division Parallel FDTD Algorithm." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 30, no. 24 (2018): 2143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2018.2879365.

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18

JIANG, Hui, and Dao-ben LI. "Overlapped frequency-time division multiplexing." Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 16, no. 2 (2009): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8885(08)60193-4.

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19

Hinton, H. S. "Photonic time-division switching systems." IEEE Circuits and Devices Magazine 5, no. 4 (1989): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/101.29901.

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20

Jajszczyk, A., and J. Tyszer. "Broadband time-division circuit switching." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 14, no. 2 (1996): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.481941.

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21

Leibowitz, Sidney. "Division of Physician Time-Reply." Archives of Internal Medicine 146, no. 8 (1986): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1986.00360200223055.

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22

Gu, Huaxi, Zhengyu Wang, Bowen Zhang, Yintang Yang, and Kun Wang. "Time-Division-Multiplexing–Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing-Based Architecture for ONoC." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 9, no. 5 (2017): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.9.000351.

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23

Boute, R. "On The Equivalence of Time-Division and Frequency-Division Multiplexing." IEEE Transactions on Communications 33, no. 1 (1985): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1985.1096197.

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24

Lin, Haobin, Ce Feng, Yang Dong, et al. "Simultaneous temperature and magnetic field measurements using time-division multiplexing." Chinese Optics Letters 21, no. 1 (2023): 011201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202321.011201.

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25

Wei Yang, Wei Yang, Lin Zhou Lin Zhou, Shitong Long Shitong Long, Wencui Peng Wencui Peng, Jin Wang Jin Wang, and Mingsheng Zhan Mingsheng Zhan. "Time-division-multiplexing laser seeded amplification in a tapered amplifier." Chinese Optics Letters 13, no. 1 (2015): 011401–11404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.011401.

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26

Fleming, Andrew. "Coaxial field systems: some questions of time and space." Antiquity 61, no. 232 (1987): 188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00051991.

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Curwen, writing in ANTIQUITY60 years ago about prehistoric agriculture in Britain (Curwen 1927), found his best evidence for the fields of earliest times came from the hut-circles and enclosures of Dartmoor. Andrew Fleming has done the same in studying the large-scale land divisions made by the Dartmoor reaves. Until his work these prehistoric boundaries were thought to be of medieval date – understandably as they demonstrate not the piecemeal and local enclosing of little fields but planned land division on a medieval scale. In this paper Fleming extends his view out from Dartmoor to the wider pattern of land division on the grand scale at early dates, and to its social implications.

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27

Meckel, Yoav, Kiril Balikin, and Alon Eliakim. "Pre- and mid-season repeated sprint ability of soccer referees from the first and second divisions." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 15, no. 1 (2019): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954119887301.

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The main aim of the study was to investigate the differences in repeated sprint ability of first- compared to second-division referees at the beginning and in the middle of the soccer season. Twenty-seven main and 51 assistant referees, from the first (age 36.2 ± 5.3) and the second (age 28.8 ± 3.9) soccer divisions, performed two fitness tests—at the beginning and at mid-season, consisting of a repeated sprint test of 6 × 40 m and 5 × 30 m sprints for the referees and assistant referees, respectively. While no differences were found among the first division’s main referees, significant improvement ( p < .05) was found among the second division’s main referees at mid-season compared to the beginning of the season in ideal sprint time (31.97 ± 1.5 vs. 32.47 ± 1.3 s) and total sprint time (32.62 ± 1.4 vs. 33.10 ± 1.1 s), respectively. The main referees' ideal sprint time and total sprint time were significantly faster ( p < .05) in the second compared to the first division, at pre-season and at mid-season. Significant correlations were found between age and ideal sprint time ( r = .63) and age and total sprint time ( r = .66) among the main referees, but not between age and performance indices among the assistant referees. The findings demonstrated a superiority of the second over the first division's referees in anaerobic capabilities, suggesting that training program should be specific for each division. It may also indicate that variables other than physical capabilities determine referees' professional status and referee's advancement from second to the first division.

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28

Martins, Bruno M. C., Amy K. Tooke, Philipp Thomas, and James C. W. Locke. "Cell size control driven by the circadian clock and environment in cyanobacteria." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 48 (2018): E11415—E11424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811309115.

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How cells maintain their size has been extensively studied under constant conditions. In the wild, however, cells rarely experience constant environments. Here, we examine how the 24-h circadian clock and environmental cycles modulate cell size control and division timings in the cyanobacteriumSynechococcus elongatususing single-cell time-lapse microscopy. Under constant light, wild-type cells follow an apparent sizer-like principle. Closer inspection reveals that the clock generates two subpopulations, with cells born in the subjective day following different division rules from cells born in subjective night. A stochastic model explains how this behavior emerges from the interaction of cell size control with the clock. We demonstrate that the clock continuously modulates the probability of cell division throughout day and night, rather than solely applying an on−off gate to division, as previously proposed. Iterating between modeling and experiments, we go on to identify an effective coupling of the division rate to time of day through the combined effects of the environment and the clock on cell division. Under naturally graded light−dark cycles, this coupling narrows the time window of cell divisions and shifts divisions away from when light levels are low and cell growth is reduced. Our analysis allows us to disentangle, and predict the effects of, the complex interactions between the environment, clock, and cell size control.

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29

Kawahigashi, Teiko, Shoya Iwanami, Munetomo Takahashi, Joydeep Bhadury, Shingo Iwami, and Satoshi Yamazaki. "Age-related changes in the hematopoietic stem cell pool revealed via quantifying the balance of symmetric and asymmetric divisions." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (2024): e0292575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292575.

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Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are somatic stem cells that continuously generate lifelong supply of blood cells through a balance of symmetric and asymmetric divisions. It is well established that the HSC pool increases with age. However, not much is known about the underlying cause for these observed changes. Here, using a novel method combining single-cell ex vivo HSC expansion with mathematical modeling, we quantify HSC division types (stem cell—stem cell (S-S) division, stem cell—progenitor cell (S-P) division, and progenitor cell—progenitor cell (P-P) division) as a function of the aging process. Our time-series experiments reveal how changes in these three modes of division can explain the increase in HSC numbers with age. Contrary to the popular notion that HSCs divide predominantly through S-P divisions, we show that S-S divisions are predominant throughout the lifespan of the animal, thereby expanding the HSC pool. We, therefore, provide a novel mathematical model-based experimental validation for reflecting HSC dynamics in vivo.

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30

Concha, M. L., and R. J. Adams. "Oriented cell divisions and cellular morphogenesis in the zebrafish gastrula and neurula: a time-lapse analysis." Development 125, no. 6 (1998): 983–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.6.983.

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We have taken advantage of the optical transparency of zebrafish embryos to investigate the patterns of cell division, movement and shape during early stages of development of the central nervous system. The surface-most epiblast cells of gastrula and neurula stage embryos were imaged and analysed using a computer-based, time-lapse acquisition system attached to a differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope. We find that the onset of gastrulation is accompanied by major changes in cell behaviour. Cells collect into a cohesive sheet, apparently losing independent motility and integrating their behaviour to move coherently over the yolk in a direction that is the result of two influences: towards the vegetal pole in the movements of epiboly and towards the dorsal midline in convergent movements that strengthen throughout gastrulation. Coincidentally, the plane of cell division becomes aligned to the surface plane of the embryo and oriented in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction. These behaviours begin at the blastoderm margin and propagate in a gradient towards the animal pole. Later in gastrulation, cells undergo increasingly mediolateral-directed elongation and autonomous convergence movements towards the dorsal midline leading to an enormous extension of the neural axis. Around the equator and along the dorsal midline of the gastrula, persistent AP orientation of divisions suggests that a common mechanism may be involved but that neither oriented cell movements nor shape can account for this alignment. When the neural plate begins to differentiate, there is a gradual transition in the direction of cell division from AP to the mediolateral circumference (ML). ML divisions occur in both the ventral epidermis and dorsal neural plate. In the neural plate, ML becomes the predominant orientation of division during neural keel and nerve rod stages and, from late neural keel stage, divisions are concentrated at the dorsal midline and generate bilateral progeny (C. Papan and J. A. Campos-Ortega (1994) Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 203, 178–186). Coincidentally, cells on the ventral surface also orient their divisions in the ML direction, cleaving perpendicular to the direction in which they are elongated. The ML alignment of epidermal divisions is well correlated with cell shape but ML divisions within the neuroepithelium appear to be better correlated with changes in tissue morphology associated with neurulation.

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31

Patterson, Dillon, Christopher D. Scharer, and Jeremy M. Boss. "IRF4 regulates the rate of cell cycle during B cell differentiation." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (2018): 48.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.48.16.

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Abstract Cell division is required for the initiation of B cell differentiation, the regulation of isotype class switching, and ultimately entry of cells into the plasma cell (PC) lineage. Division coupled changes in the expression of transcription factors, such as interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF4), that coordinate the PC transcriptional program also occur; however, little is known regarding how these factors coordinate cell division and exit from the cell cycle after differentiation. To begin to address this gap in knowledge, we assessed the cell division kinetics of wildtype (WT) B cells responding to the T cell independent antigen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Interestingly, we found that WT B cells undergo at least 8 divisions before differentiating into PCs. Computational modeling of division rates over time defined a proliferative burst between 48 and 60 hours after LPS injection that is characterized by a rapid increase in the rate of cell division. IRF4-deficient B cells divided but failed to undergo the proliferative burst resulting in fewer activated B cells. Indeed, IRF4 is expressed at low levels during these divisions before being upregulated in post-mitotic CD138+ PCs after 8 divisions. Notably, while more than 40% of WT B cells reached division 8+ by 72 hours, IRF4-null B cells appeared to be stalled at divisions 2–5. Taken together, these data suggest that IRF4 regulates the rate of cellular proliferation during B cell differentiation that occurs around divisions 2–5 and that this role may be concentration-dependent.

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32

Akkaya, Onur Can, Michel J. F. Digonnet, Gordon S. Kino, and Olav Solgaard. "Time-Division-Multiplexed Interferometric Sensor Arrays." Journal of Lightwave Technology 31, no. 16 (2013): 2701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2013.2272718.

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33

Narahara, Koichi, and Taiichi Otsuji. "A Traveling-wave Time-division Demultiplexer." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 38, Part 1, No. 7A (1999): 4021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.38.4021.

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34

Rathore, T. S., and K. S. Sanila. "An Improved Time-Division Analog Multiplier." IETE Journal of Education 60, no. 1 (2019): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09747338.2019.1573155.

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35

Crespo, P. M., M. L. Honig, and J. A. Salehi. "Spread-time code-division multiple access." IEEE Transactions on Communications 43, no. 6 (1995): 2139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.387455.

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36

Cooperman, M., R. Sieber, and R. Moolenbeek. "Time division multiplexing with orthogonal RAMs." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems 35, no. 4 (1988): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/31.1760.

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37

Katz, G., and D. Sadot. "Time-Division Multilevel Multiplexing Communication Method." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 19, no. 20 (2007): 1619–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2007.904919.

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38

Miniscalco, William J., and Steven A. Lane. "Optical Space-Time Division Multiple Access." Journal of Lightwave Technology 30, no. 11 (2012): 1771–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2012.2189935.

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39

Yang, Yue, Jonathan M. Glynn, Bradley JSC Olson, Aaron J. Schmitz, and Katherine W. Osteryoung. "Plastid division: across time and space." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 11, no. 6 (2008): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2008.10.001.

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40

Djupsjobacka, A. "Time division multiplexing using optical switches." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 6, no. 7 (1988): 1227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.7843.

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41

Taylor, W. B., and K. Grant. "Inexpensive four-channel time-division multiplexer." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 23, no. 1 (1985): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02444039.

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42

Zhang, Danni, and Zhongwei Tan. "Time-stretch optical neural network with time-division multiplexing." Optical Fiber Technology 80 (October 2023): 103438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2023.103438.

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43

Qian, X., S. K. Goderie, Q. Shen, J. H. Stern, and S. Temple. "Intrinsic programs of patterned cell lineages in isolated vertebrate CNS ventricular zone cells." Development 125, no. 16 (1998): 3143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.16.3143.

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Using long-term, time-lapse video-microscopy, we investigated how single progenitor cells isolated from the early embryonic cerebral cortex produce neurons and glia over time. Clones of 10 cells or less were produced by short symmetric or asymmetric division patterns, commonly terminating in a ‘pair progenitor’ for two morphologically identical neurons. Larger trees were composites of these short sub-lineages: more prolific neuroblasts underwent repeated asymmetric divisions, each producing a minor neuroblast that typically made (3/4)10 progeny, and a sister cell capable of generating more progeny. Particular division patterns were seen repeatedly. In contrast, glioblasts underwent a prolonged series of symmetric divisions. These patterned lineage trees were generated from isolated cells growing on plastic, suggesting they are largely intrinsically programmed. Our data demonstrate for the first time that CNS progenitor cells have stereotyped division patterns, and suggest that as in invertebrates, these may play a role in neural development.

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44

Hiew, C. C., F. M. Abbou, T. H. Chuah, and Hairul A. Abdul-Rashid. "A technique to improve optical time division multiplexing - wavelength division multiplexing performance." IEICE Electronics Express 2, no. 24 (2005): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.2.589.

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45

Ma, Ju, Mingjia Shangguan, Haiyun Xia, Xin Fang, Xianghui Xue, and Xiankang Dou. "Rayleigh and sodium lidar system incorporating time-division and wavelength-division multiplexing." Optics Communications 448 (October 2019): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2019.05.010.

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46

NOH*, Tae-Gon. "N09 Quantum Key Distribution System Using Time-division and Wavelength-division Multiplexing." New Physics: Sae Mulli 62, no. 10 (2012): 1095–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/npsm.62.1095.

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47

Xiang, Zuodong. "The Mean Capture Time on Horizontal Divided Nested Networks." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (2024): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/gk0wxf53.

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In this paper, we consider the division of nested networks with a horizontal division line , where is the division coefficient. The problem of capture on the surplus network obtained after the division is studied. In addition, by studying the structure of the surplus network, we obtain the relationship between the transmission efficiency on the surplus network and the division coefficient . When is larger, the capture time is shorter and the network transmission efficiency is higher. At the same time, we also solved the mean capture time of each node on the bottom edge of the surplus network.

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48

Zhu, Zhenghui, Yao Lu, Li Wang, Wanbo Liu, and Lingen Wang. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Administrative District Realignments Based on a Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression Model." Land 11, no. 8 (2022): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081126.

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The long-term effects of administrative division adjustments on economic development in Dalian City, China, is presently unclear. Therefore, we employed a geographically and temporally weighted regression model to construct an index assessment system using the annual number of newly registered enterprises as the dependent variable. We empirically studied the effects of administrative division adjustments of townships in Dalian City from 2010 to 2020. The results showed that: (i) adjustments in townships administrative divisions negatively affected regional enterprise concentrations and economic development in general, whereas industrial and transportation factors demonstrated positive effects to variable degrees, and the effects of policy, location, and population factors were not significant. (ii) Over time, the effects of townships administrative division adjustments changed from positive to negative, and the negative effects displayed an increasing trend, revealing that (iii) the effect of administrative division adjustments in Dalian City was positive and negative over time. This further reveals the objective problem that administrative division adjustment in recent years was effective over the short term, but not over the long term. (iv) During the study period, administrative division adjustments positively affected regional enterprise concentrations and economic development solely during a short time frame and in a small geographical area. However, its negative effects increased extensively, which infers that maintaining a relatively stable administrative division is more beneficial for promoting economic development in Dalian City.

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McRoberts, D. Brent, and John W. Nielsen-Gammon. "A New Homogenized Climate Division Precipitation Dataset for Analysis of Climate Variability and Climate Change." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, no. 6 (2011): 1187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2626.1.

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AbstractA new homogeneous climate division monthly precipitation dataset [based on full network estimated precipitation (FNEP)] was created as an alternative to the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) climate division dataset. These alternative climate division monthly precipitation values were estimated using an equal-weighted average of Cooperative Observer Program stations that contained serially complete time series. Missing station observations were estimated by a procedure that was optimized through testing on U.S. Historical Climate Network stations. Inhomogeneities in the NCDC dataset arise from two principal causes. The pre-1931 estimation of NCDC climate division monthly precipitation from statewide averages led to a significant time series discontinuity in several climate divisions. From 1931 to the present, NCDC climate division averages have been calculated from a subset of available station data within each climate division, and temporal changes in the location of available stations have caused artificial changes in the time series. The FNEP climate division dataset is recommended over the NCDC dataset for studies involving climate trends or long-term climate variability. According to the FNEP data, the 1895–2009 linear precipitation trend is positive across most of the United States, and trends exceed 10% per century across the southern plains and the Corn Belt. Remaining inhomogeneities from changes in gauge technology and station location may be responsible for an artificial trend of 1%–3% per century.

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Liang, Zijun, Xuejuan Zhan, Wei Kong, and Yun Xiao. "Space-Time Resource Integrated Optimization Method for Time-of-Day Division at Intersection Based on Multidimensional Traffic Flows." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2023 (February 6, 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1512346.

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Based on the change trends of traffic flow in different controlled directions at an intersection, the space-time resource integrated optimization method for TOD (time-of-day) division based on multidimensional traffic-flow data is proposed in this paper. By analyzing the traffic-flow data of 8, 4, 2, and 1 dimensions commonly used at the intersection, the dynamic Fisher algorithm is used to complete the time segment division of the traffic-flow sequence of different dimensions. On this basis, the preliminary TOD division is completed, and the phase timing and lane-use assignment corresponding to the preliminary time periods are optimized. Then, the adjacent time periods are merged and tested to complete the final result of the TOD division. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the schemes based on traffic-flow data of different dimensions are carried out by using the data at an actual intersection in Wuhu City, and the total and average vehicle delays of different schemes throughout the day are evaluated by VISSIM. The results show that the more dimensions of traffic flow data are adopted, the more refined the TOD division scheme is, and the less the total delay and average delay at intersections throughout the day are. In particular, the TOD division scheme after further optimizing the lane-use assignment can further reduce the total and average vehicle delay throughout the day. It shows that the method using multidimensional traffic-flow data at an intersection to carry out the integrated optimization of TOD division, lane-use assignment, and phase timing has good applicability.

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