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Rohini, Chelat Kandari, Tharemmal Aravindan, Karumampoyil Sakthidas Anoop Das, and Pandanchery Arogyam Vinayan. "Patterns of Human-Wildlife Conflict and People’s Perception towards Compensation Program in Nilambur, Southern Western Ghats, India." Conservation Science 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cs.v4i1.16891.
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Aim: The aim of this research was to examine patterns of human-wildlife conflict and assess community perception towards compensation program implemented to ameliorate human-wildlife co-existence.Location: North and South Forest Divisions, Nilambur, South India.Material and Methods: Data were collected from the official archives of applications made by victims or their families at Divisional Forest Office, Nilambur North and South Forest Division, for the period 2010–2013. The data included (a) types of conflict, (b) wildlife species involved in the conflict, (c) dates of application made by applicants, (d) dates of final decision made by concerned authority and (d) relief amount sanctioned. People’s perceptions towards compensation program were gathered using a questionnaire survey (n=179).Key findings: Crop damage was the most common type of conflict, followed by property damage, injury and death by wildlife attack. Crop damage was contributed mainly by elephant (Elephas maximus) (59%) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) (32%). The other wildlife species involved in conflict were bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) (3.8%), leopard (Panthera pardus) (3.3%), Malabar giant squirrel (Ratufa indica) (0.47%), porcupine (Hystrix indica) (0.29%), Guar (Bos gaurus) (0.95%) and Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor)(0.29 %). On average, people took 13 days to claim compensation, which received decisions in 90 days. The majority of respondents (67%) were not satisfied with the compensation schemes. The main causes of such dissatisfaction were (a) allocation of insufficient money for the compensation (46.6%), (b) prolonged and difficult administrative procedures to make claims (20%), (c) people’s convictions that compensation scheme does not eradicate the conflict (20%) and (d) disbelief on the officials involved in compensation program (6.6%).Conservation implications: Our results suggest that compensation program has not gained acceptance among local community as an effective strategy to mitigate human-wildlife conflict. Although it may reduce hostile attitude towards wildlife, alternative approaches are urgently needed that avoid conflicts.
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Bobek, B., K. Perzanowski, D. Merta, and S. Kossak. "The systems of managing wildlife and forest in central Europe." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70550-5.
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Central European countries share many similarities in the composition of forest habitats and wildlife species. However, the former political division of Europe produced substantial differences in wildlife management systems and land ownership. Forests are generally regarded as a source of lumber with the requirements of wildlife neglected most of the time. There is an urgent need to introduce measures enhancing forest habitats for wildlife. Most important seems to be maintaining and possibly increasing biodiversity by altering present logging systems. In future, production of timber should become only one of several functions of forests including conservation of wildlife, recreation, and other values.
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MANU, SHIIWUA, INAOYOM SUNDAY IMONG, and WILL CRESSWELL. "Bird species richness and diversity at montane Important Bird Area (IBA) sites in south-eastern Nigeria." Bird Conservation International 20, no. 3 (January 11, 2010): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270909990311.
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SummaryThe mountains of south-eastern Nigeria are a western extension of the Cameroon mountain range, which is classified as an endemic bird area (EBA). Unlike its eastern extension in Cameroon, most of the ornithological surveys in the western extension of the Cameroon highlands in Nigeria have produced only limited checklists and inventories. There is a clear need for quantitative baseline data so that conservation problems can be identified. Twenty line transects covering a total transect length of 28.8 km were used to survey five sites (Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary, Oban Division and Okwangwo Division of Cross River National Park, Sankwala Mountains and Mbe Mountains) in the westernmost extension of the Cameroon Mountains EBA in south-eastern Nigeria. Vegetation measurements were taken to control for the potential confounding effect of variation in vegetation density and structure on detectability of birds between sites. The 193 bird species recorded in Afi, 158 in Sankwala, 124 in Oban, 100 in Mbe and 73 in Okwangwo Division included most of the Cameroon highlands restricted range species. The results show that the mountains of south-eastern Nigeria are important parts of the Cameroon EBA, particularly Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary. However these sites are threatened by fire and livestock grazing on the hilltops, shifting agriculture on the hillsides and lowlands, and logging for timber in some parts, as well as wildlife hunting for bushmeat.
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Makimilua Tiimub, Benjamin, Braimah Gbolo, Richard Wonnsibe Tiimob, Ernestina Laatman Tiimo, Vida Kumedzro, and Elisha Tiimob. "Impact of community participation in adaptive wildlife resources management at Mole National Park, Ghana." Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship 1, no. 2 (August 24, 2020): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/joste.v1i2.245.
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Purpose: Wildlife resources constitute indispensable nature’s strongholds for human livelihoods strategies in forest, savanna zones across Ghana and the worldwide although, it often engendered conflicts. Impact of community participation on adaptive wildlife resources management was strategically assessed at Mole National Park. Research methodology: 60 randomly selected park environs residents were interviewed for valid responses using semi-structured questionnaires. Findings: High wildlife products demand has transformed bush meat into lucrative business through poaching by thousands of youths and adults, causing habitat destruction and sharp wildlife population decline. Hunters, poachers, middlemen, restaurant operators constituted game-trade-market-value chain. Limitations: Funding subjectivity reduced scope of the study to only few communities in dry season. Temptation to reject the questionnaires on suspicion of force evacuation plots against some park adjoining villages was later refuted. Hence, recovery rate was 100%. Contribution: We recommend that Wildlife Division of the Forestry Commission should strengthen synergies on community participation in adaptive wildlife management by coopting educational interventions that positively influence indigenous behaviors through seminars, workshops, face-to-face interactions. This will better define the rights, roles, responsibilities of key partners towards resolving communal wildlife conflicts. Keywords: Community participation, Wildlife management, Park sustainability, Poaching, Game-trade-market-value chain
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Yonzone, Rajendra. "Exploration of Orchid Species: First Annual Biodiversity Camp of Neora Valley National Park, Kalimpong, under Gorumara Wildlife Division, West Bengal, India." Plantae Scientia 1, no. 05 (January 15, 2019): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v1i05.76-80.
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Present paper deals with available Orchid species resources with field availability status and habitat including phenology during field survey and medicinally important species during First Annual Biodiversity Camp of Neora Valley National Park, under Gorumara Wildlife Division, West Bengal, India.
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DOW, RORY A., and GRAHAM T. REELS. "Drepanosticta adenani sp. nov., from the Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary in Sarawak (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystictidae)." Zootaxa 4379, no. 3 (February 15, 2018): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4379.3.6.
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Drepanosticta adenani sp. nov. (holotype ♂, from a tributary of Sungai Jela, Nanga Segerak area, Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary, Sri Aman Division, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, 18 vii 2016, deposited in the Natural History Museum, London) is described from both sexes.
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Ahmed, Tanveer, Harendra Singh Bargali, Neha Verma, and Afifullah Khan. "Status of Wildlife Habitats in Ramnagar Forest Division, Terai-Arc Landscape, Uttarakhand, India." Geosciences Research 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22606/gr.2018.31001.
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Wandaka, John K. M., and Kabii M. Francis. "Analysis of Impacts of Land Use Changes in Kitengela Conservation Area on Migratory Wildlife of Nairobi National Park, Kenya." International Journal of Applied Science 2, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): p41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ijas.v2n2p41.
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Nairobi National Park (NNP) in Kenya was established in 1946 to conserve the abundance and diversity of wildlife in the Kitengela-Athi-Kaputei plains, from excessive exploitation. It is currently fenced except on the Kitengela side across the Mbagathi River due to the sub-division of the group ranches, which commenced in the 1980s, limiting access of wildlife to the migratory corridor and dispersal areas. This paper is based on a study conducted to assess the impacts of the resultant land use changes in the Kitengela dispersal area/ migratory corridor on the migratory fauna of NNP, and to identify appropriate mitigation measures. The findings indicated that increased human settlement, led to changes in land uses which resulted into multiple negative impacts on the migratory wildlife of Nairobi National Park, mainly due to loss of dispersal area and blockage of migratory routes, leading to wildlife confinement, decreased wildlife tolerance and increased incidences of human wildlife conflicts. Data analysis indicated decline in migratory wildlife population thus negative effect (F=, 6.066, p<0.05). The findings also indicated that loss of migratory routes/dispersal area and reduced vegetation cover was regarded by 55% of the local community respondents as one of the main consequences of the land use changes resulting from the subdivision of the group ranches leading to decreased wildlife tolerance (β = 0.246) and wildlife confinement (β = 0.371) in NNP (p= 0.021, < 0.05, F= 2.678; R=0.179, R2= 0.032). The paper also discusses the mitigation measures for the longtime sustainability of the park, the dispersal area and migratory corridor, including holistic implementation of the Kitengela-Isinya-Kipeto Local Physical Development Plan, mapping and protection of the vital wildlife areas within the migratory range, including the wildebeest calving area in North Kaputiei.
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Walter, W. David, Charles W. Anderson, Rick Smith, Mike Vanderklok, James J. Averill, and Kurt C. VerCauteren. "On-Farm Mitigation of Transmission of Tuberculosis from White-Tailed Deer to Cattle: Literature Review and Recommendations." Veterinary Medicine International 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/616318.
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The Animal Industry Division of the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD) has been challenged with assisting farmers with modifying farm practices to reduce potential for exposure toMycobacterium bovisfrom wildlife to cattle. The MDARD recommendations for on-farm risk mitigation practices were developed from experiences in the US, UK and Ireland and a review of the scientific literature. The objectives of our study were to review the present state of knowledge onM. bovisexcretion, transmission, and survival in the environment and the interactions of wildlife and cattle with the intention of determining if the current recommendations by MDARD on farm practices are adequate and to identify additional changes to farm practices that may help to mitigate the risk of transmission. This review will provide agencies with a comprehensive summary of the scientific literature on mitigation of disease transmission between wildlife and cattle and to identify lacunae in published research.
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Payra, Arajush, Suraj K. Dash, Udit P. Das, Himanshu S. Palei, and Arun K. Mishra. "Butterflies of Athgarh Forest Division, Odisha, Eastern India, with notes on some significant records." Acta Biologica Sibirica 5, no. 3 (October 16, 2019): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/abs.v5.i3.6593.
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The present paper deals with first annotated list of butterflies from Athgarh Forest Division, Odisha, India. 136 species belongs to six families were recorded during January 2015 to September 2015. Notes on some of the significant record of butterflies for the region, were provided along with their distribution. Among the recorded 136 species of butterflies, 14 species are legally protected under Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
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Ekane Maurice, Melle, Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi, Achiri Akere Bell, and Terence Njopin Hele. "The Unsustainable Exploitation of Wildlife-Habitat Resources in Tubah Sub-Division, Northwest Region, Cameroon." International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology 3, no. 8 (August 6, 2016): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2016.308.005.
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Owusu-Ansah, Nana. "Assessing How Collaborative Resource Management Impacts Victims’ Perspectives on Wildlife Crop Raids." Journal of Natural Resources and Development 8 (November 1, 2018): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/jnrd.v8i0.11.
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Collaborative resource management has been touted as one of the ways conservation of wildlife resources can be improved, especially in off-protected areas. Three indicators were used to test whether collaboration between the Wildlife Division of the Forestry Commission of Ghana and local communities has any impact on farmers’ perspectives on crop raiding. The indicators were: (1) methods used by farmers to reduce raiding, (2) institutions to which farmers report raids, and (3) the kind of assistance needed to reduce raiding. The findings suggest there were no differences between the collaborative indicators and the two chosen study locations. However, on the question of institutions where raiding incidences were reported and location, the difference was significant (X2=14.523; DoF= 5; P=0.01261). In addition, there was a statistically significant relation between location and participants’ responses to species that raided their crops (X2=16.988; DoF=4; p= 1.943e-3). Participants from the two locations did not show differences in their responses to preventive methods. Male respondents mentioned the use of traps as their major preventive method, although this is against wildlife hunting regulations in Ghana. Educating and supporting farmers with appropriate preventive methods that reduce their losses to wildlife crop raiding is recommended to improve conservation.
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Liu, Shuo, Ye Htet Lwin, Ruichang Quan, and Song Li. "First record of Rhacophorus verrucopus Huang, 1983 from Myanmar." Herpetozoa 33 (December 1, 2020): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.33.e60214.
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We report the first country record of Rhacophorus verrucopus Huang, 1983 from Myanmar, based on one specimen collected from Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, Sagaing Division. Morphologically, the specimen shows good agreement with the original description of R. verrucopus and phylogenetically, it is clustered with the specimen of R. verrucopus from Medog, Tibet, China with strong support. This is also the first record of R. verrucopus from outside of China.
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Njiei, Achu Frida, and Niying Roger Mbihbiih. "Sustainability Implications of Stakeholders’ Perspectives in Agroforestry Management in Manyu Division, South West Region Cameroon." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 6 (July 2, 2021): 366–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.86.10380.
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Agroforestry which focuses on the domestication and cultivation of Non-Traditional Forest Products (NTFP) has important sustainability implications for both livelihoods. Brundtland Report and subsequent international and regional instruments, sustainable development as epitomized in Agenda 2030 of the United Nations Organisation (UNO) has become the cornerstone of developmentalism. This study seeks to examine the interplay of sustainability from a stakeholders’ perspective. The findings of this qualitative method which was conducted in 11 villages in Manyu Division of the South West Region revealed that there was a plethora of stakeholders involved in the domain of agroforestry in the study area. These stakeholders were composed of state institutions (Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife-MINFOF, Program for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in the South West Region-PSMNR-SWR), international organisations (World Agroforestry Center-ICRAF, the World Wildlife Fund-WWF) and local community based institutions (EFOKHOYU), among others. Agroforestry related programmes implemented by these stakeholders ranged from the creation of training centers, allocation of funds and seedlings to farmers as well as the dissemination of knowledge on land conservation and the development of partnerships among farming communities. The findings revealed that this could be felt at the level of household food security with increased cultivation of species such as Irvingia gabonensis and Irvingia wombulu by nearly 62%. Such high rates of domestication and commercialisation of these species implied that the livelihoods of local farmers were assured without endangering over-exploitation of scarce forest resources. In conclusion, some challenges such as issues related with accessibility, high cost associated with domestication among others complicate the activities of stakeholders in Manyu Division. That notwithstanding, the study recommends that tailor made policy interventions should be deployed to address the challenges raised.
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Johnsingh, A. J. T., S. P. Goyal, and Qamar Qureshi. "Preparations for the reintroduction of Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica into Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh, India." Oryx 41, no. 1 (January 2007): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605307001512.
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Approximately 300 Asiatic lions Panthera leo persica are confined to the 1,883 km2 Gir forests in Gujarat, western India. To establish a second home for the Asiatic lion in its former range, Kuno Wildlife Division (1,280 km2, with a core 345 km2 Sanctuary) has been identified in Madhya Pradesh. To assess whether the Sanctuary has sufficient wild ungulates to support a population of lions 17 transects totaling 461 km were surveyed over an area of 280 km2 in early 2005. The density of potential ungulate prey was 13 animals km−2. There are also c. 2,500 feral cattle, left behind by translocated villagers; the cattle are considered to be buffer prey in case droughts adversely affect the populations of wild ungulates. Control of poaching, moving of two villages, grassland management and building a rubble wall around the Division to keep out livestock would lead to a substantial rise in the population of ungulates (to c. 20 animals km−2) by the end of 2007. This density would support the first group of five lions (three females and two males) due to be reintroduced in the beginning of 2008. Even if all the three females raise cubs there will be sufficient wild prey by the end of 2009 to support the males, females and cubs.
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Ruda, Aleš, Jaromír Kolejka, and Thakur Silwal. "Spatial Concentrations of Wildlife Attacks on Humans in Chitwan National Park, Nepal." Animals 10, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010153.
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The study was conducted within and adjacent to Chitwan National Park in Nepal (CNP), where several wildlife species are involved in conflicts with humans. We assessed the spatial relationships between the number of victims/km2 (=victim density or VD) of attack by wildlife (elephant, rhino, wild boar, sloth bear, leopard or tiger) versus landscape features, including both natural habitat type and land use by humans (e.g., nursery, orchard or cultivated). We identified four levels of VD, ranging from <1 V (victim)/4 km2 to >1 V/2 km2 for each land use zone, then tested for correlations at one or more of those VD between each pair of wildlife species across different land use types. Our results high correlation for sloth bear and leopard (r ≈ 0.8), for all species except elephant and wild boar at VD > 1 V/4 km2 (r > 0.9) and for leopard vs. rhinoceros (r = 0.99) across land use types at 1 V/4 km2) indicate some risk-reduction measures. One of them would be division of each buffer zone into three concentric rings, for instance ranging from high-risk adjacent areas to areas of high use by humans, to low-risk where human use is low. This revision would facilitate giving local people more voice in implementing conservation measures and reducing risks.
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Hoare, Richard E. "Present and Future Use of Fencing in the Management of Larger African Mammals." Environmental Conservation 19, no. 2 (1992): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900030642.
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The varying reasons are outlined for needing to control the movements or otherwise manage a wide range of African animal wildlife species by means of fencing. In all cases there is an underlying conflict of interest between people and animals — principally the larger mammals. Fencing is seen as the most powerful tool in this process of land-use division, and high expectations of fences are held by people who are adversely affected by wildlife activities and similarly by many conservationists. To date the main determinants in the siting and construction of fences have been political pressure or the availability of funds; wildlife fencing is perhaps the only factor having a substantial influence on ecosystems and animal populations that has remained virtually devoid of any serious input of ecological knowledge, of systematic investigation, or of environmental legislation.The wild species requiring management are many and varied in individual size, group size, and dispersal patterns; they also exhibit an array of special behaviours when confronted with a barrier. This means that any barrier will come under very variable levels and types of challenge, and that the effects of it on the biology of both target and non-target species must be carefully considered.Research on the behaviour of animals at fences has been limited, being mostly confined to domestic species or non-African wildlife. Certainly, very little systematic investigation has been carried out to determine whether fences have achieved their objectives or been economically justified, and to what extent they have caused environmental side-effects on the population dynamics of animals or the disturbance of plant communities.Current evidence suggests that electric or power fences are an increasingly efficient way of managing wild mammals and that fencing programmes should become more deflecting than encircling. Fences create ‘hard edges’ between dissimilar forms of land-use and cause long-term inflexibility that limits planning and forecloses options. As the pressure for land becomes more and more acute, the control of wildlife with the help of fences needs to develop into a specialized field of its own, based on sounder ecological, sociological, and economic, principles than hitherto, within the expanding scope of adaptive wildlife management.
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Samson, A., B. Ramakrishnan, A. Veeramani, P. Santhoshkumar, S. Karthick, G. Sivasubramanian, M. Ilakkia, A. Chitheena, J. Leona Princy, and P. Ravi. "Effect of vehicular traffic on wild animals in Sigur Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 9 (August 26, 2016): 9182. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.1962.8.9.9182-9189.
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The construction of a road, directly and indirectly, impacts on the ecosystems where the road is built. Highways passing through national reserves/wildlife sanctuaries have an adverse impact on wild animals. The present survey was conducted to estimate the road kills on the state highways passing through the Nilgiri north territorial forest division (19km) and Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (15km) in Sigur Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India. The road kills were monitored three times a month between July 2013 and December 2013 (six months) and a total of 176 road kills belonging to 30 species were recorded. Reptiles were the most affected taxa (39%), followed by mammals (33%) and birds (21%). Amphibians were least affected by vehicular traffic and comprised 7% of the total kills. According to road stretch category, the overall road kill was N=135 in the forested area and N=41 in human habitations. A total of 812 food materials were encounterd 612km with average of 1.32 food materials / km. Conservation and management implications are essential to prevent the local extinction of wildlife.
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Parilla, Lesley. "Increasing Online Discoverability of a Mixed-Format Collection." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.17.1.456.
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The Collection In 2004, Smithsonian Libraries acquired the mixed-format Russell E. Train Africana Collection for its special collections division. This collection contained items that had broad public appeal and significant historical value. The collection’s diversity of materials has been a source of excitement and challenge since Smithsonian Libraries acquired it in 2004. Judge Russell E. Train created the collection around his decades-long fascination with the history of exploration and wildlife in Africa. Train acquired materials from historic figures like Theodore Roosevelt during his African Expedition in 1909–1910, as well as explorers David Livingstone and Henry Morton Stanley. The collection includes . . .
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Ban, Suprabha, and Nanda Bahadur Singh. "Seasonal Habitat Use Pattern of Blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra) at Khairapur, Bardia, Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 26 (December 17, 2015): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v26i0.14147.
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The seasonal habitat use pattern of Blackbuck in Blackbuck Conservation Area (BCA) was studied by the division of the realized habitat of Blackbuck (1.74 sq. km) into three blocks A, B and C. Direct count method and indirect count methods were used for the study of seasonal habitat use pattern of the animal. It was observed that block A was mostly used by the animal followed by block C and block B respectively. The study focuses in the implementation of controlled and rotational livestock grazing in BCA as an effective wildlife management tool.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 26, 2012: 224-229
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DOW, RORY A. "Revision of the genus Coeliccia Kirby in Borneo part III: Two new species from the C. membranipes–group from Sarawak and Brunei (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae)." Zootaxa 4890, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.2.
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Coeliccia junis sp. nov. (holotype male from Borneo, Sarawak, Bintulu Division, Planted Forest Project, Bukit Mina Wildlife Corridor, “Day 4” stream near Bukit Nyegoh and Bukit Jugam, near small brown water pool, 10 viii 2018, deposited in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands) and Coeliccia roberti sp. nov. (holotype male from Borneo, Sarawak, Miri Division, Lambir Hills National Park, small stream on Oil Well Trail, 22 iv 2011, deposited in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands) are described from Borneo. Both new species belong to the Coeliccia membranipes–group and bring the number of named species known from the group from Borneo to nine and the total number of named species from Borneo currently placed in Coeliccia to 15. Coeliccia junis is only known from a small area in Sarawak, C. roberti is also known from Brunei. Both species are considered likely to be closely allied with C. macrostigma Laidlaw.
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Kabir, M. Tarik, M. Farid Ahsan, Susan M. Cheyne, Shahrul Anuar Mohd Sah, Susan Lappan, Thad Q. Bartlett, and Nadine Ruppert. "Population assessment of the endangered Western Hoolock Gibbon Hoolock hoolock Harlan, 1834 at Sheikh Jamal Inani National Park, Bangladesh, and conservation significance of this site for threatened wildlife species." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 18687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7207.13.7.18687-18694.
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Sheikh Jamal Inani National Park (Inani) is a wildlife habitat in Bangladesh located under the Cox’s Bazar South Forest Division, Cox’s Bazar. It constitutes significant habitat for the charismatic and globally ‘Endangered’ Western Hoolock Gibbon Hoolock hoolock in Bangladesh. Here, we show that Inani is a poorly-known gibbon habitat with a population of seven groups, comprising a total of 18 individuals. Among them, 77.8% were adults (males and females), and 11.1%, 5.6%, and 5.6% were sub-adults, juveniles, and infants, respectively, indicating low reproductive output. Five of seven groups had no offspring present in the group, and the mean group size of 2.57 individuals/group is low compared to other habitats in Bangladesh. Beside Western Hoolock Gibbon, Inani is home to many threatened wildlife species. The first record of the Slaty-backed Flycatcher Ficedula erithacus in Bangladesh occurred in Inani, adding this new species to the national bird checklist of Bangladesh. The presence of the globally ‘Endangered’ Asian Elephant Elephas maximus, Phayre’s Langur Trachypithecus phayrei, & Elongated Tortoise Indotestudo elongata and the globally ‘Vulnerable’ Northern Pig-tailed Macaque Macaca leonina, Capped Langur Trachypithecus pileatus, Indian Leopard Panthera pardus, & Asiatic Softshell Turtle Amyda cartilaginea highlight the importance of Inani as a conservation area in Bangladesh. The Western Hoolock Gibbon and other threatened wildlife of Inani are now on the verge of local extinction due to a sharp increase in forest resource extraction resulting from the recent influx of large numbers of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar, many of whom have settled around Inani. Through stakeholder interviews in the area, we have identified feasible and measurable conservation actions at Inani that are urgently needed to prevent further loss of wildlife and to protect this important gibbon habitat.
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Sreena, C. P., K. P. Vimal, and Sebastian Denoj. "Production of cellulases and xylanase from bacillus subtilis MU S1 isolated from protected areas of Munnar wildlife division." Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences 05, no. 06 (June 1, 2016): 500–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2016.5.6.500-504.
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P. Badhe, Yogesh, and Ravindra G. Jaybhaye. "Habitat Suitability Area Analysis for Leopard to Mitigate Human-Wildlife Conflict in Junnar Forest Division of Pune Forest Circle." Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences 9, no. 5 (May 7, 2021): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/aees-9-5-2.
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F. Recher, Harry. "Reintegrating fragmented landscapes." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 3 (1994): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc940272.
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The dedication of this book is to Katie, Hamish, Samantha and Romayne - May they live in hope for, not fear of, the future. I think most of us would wish the same for our children, but few of us are as resolute as Richard Hobbs and Denis Saunders in their efforts to change the ecological future of the world. I can think of no group of researchers that has worked harder to understand the impact of human society on the Australian landscape and to find ways to accommodate human needs and desires with ecological reality than the CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Ecology laboratory at Helena Valley in Western Australia. While many of us work hard at our research, few can claim to have achieved the level of communication of the Western Australians. For nearly a decade now, Saunders, Hobbs and their colleagues have organized, held and published a series of symposia and workshops on the impact of agriculture (and to a lesser extent, forestry) on the landscape and its wildlife. These proceedings have been international in scope and have brought together, in a way few others have achieved, scientists, farmers, resource managers, politicians, bureaucrats and environmental groups. On behalf of my children, Jeni and Myella, I want to thank them for their efforts.
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Reeves, Randall R., Daphne Tuboku-Metzger, and Richard A. Kapindi. "Distribution and exploitation of manatees in Sierra Leone." Oryx 22, no. 2 (April 1988): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300027538.
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West African manatees are believed to be declining over much of their range, including in Sierra Leone. They are nominally protected there, but they are traditionally caught and eaten because of their delicious meat and also because they are considered as pests by rice growers and fishermen. The authors' surveys in 1986–1987 showed that manatees are still widely distributed in coastal districts of the country, but that they are being regularly caught in some places, at levels that may not be sustainable. Much more needs to be known to guide appropriate action to ensure that the manatee remains a part of Sierra Leone's wildlife. It is encouraging that one of the authors has begun, under the government Fisheries Division, to implement a manatee research programme.
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Rahman, MA, MA Alim, MK Hossain, and MA Hossain. "Prospect of natural regeneration of tree species in Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary of Chattogram, Bangladesh." Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management 5, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v5i2.44909.
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Natural regeneration of tree species is the major means of understanding the restoration potentiality of a secondary forest. Natural regeneration of a forest is a tool for measuring the health of the forest ecosystem. Natural regeneration status of tree species in Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary (HWS) in Chittagong North Forest Division, Bangladesh was assessed laying 75 systematic quadrats of 4m×4m in size. A total of 90 regenerating tree species belonging to 34 families was identified from the HWS. Euphorbiaceae family possessed maximum regenerating tree species (14 species) followed by Mimosaceae (7), Lauraceae and Meliaceae (6 species each), and Moraceae (5 species). The overall seedling density was 7,083 per ha where Ficus hispida showed the highest number of seedlings (792 per ha) followed by Quercus sp. (475), Ficus religiosa (408), Lithocarpus elegans (375) and Lepisanthes rubiginosa (367). The number of Ficus hispida seedlings per ha was higher due to high coppicing ability. Lepisanthes rubiginosa attained maximum IVI (27.59) followed by Ficus hispida (21.18) and Quercus oxyodon (13.32). The seedlings of Aegle marmelos, Lithocarpus sp., Flacourtia jangomas, Albizia odoratissima, Acronychia padunculata, Chaetocarpus castanicarpus, Maesa paniculata, Crypteronia paniculata, Streblus asper and Mussaenda roxburghii were also found common in the study area. The findings will create baseline information of regenerating tree species, composition, diversity and population structure which can be used for monitoring future changes as well as taking policy decisions for the management of this Wildlife Sanctuary.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(2): 1-12
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Winkle, Philip. "Digital forest management: Cantor's experience." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67630-6.
Full textAbstract:
Canfor's Englewood Division acquired a GIS two years age. Within this period, we have developed the framework necessary to digitally manage our 200 000 hectare Tree Farm License. This paper focuses mainly on the role GIS played in our Management and Working Plan. The plan is produced every five years to document and justify our forest land management techniques. It addresses issues of current and long-term wood supply; the 200 year horizon, silviculture regimes, and habitat requirements. GIS was used in conjunction with a forest estate model to test numerous management scenarios. Important issues included the decision to load 'dirty' data, the acquisition of contour data, net-working data, raster/vector processing, restructuring for feature codes, and becoming a 'beta' test site for GIS software. In addition, we discuss our objectives for 1991 relating to training, wildlife habitat, ambrosia control, a cruise prediction system, coordinate geometry and other goals.
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Hall, J., and G. Bowen. "An excavation of a midden complex at the Toulkerrie Oystermens Lease, Moreton Island, S.E. Queensland." Queensland Archaeological Research 6 (January 1, 1989): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.6.1989.135.
Full textAbstract:
In 1968, the Queensland Government proposed the granting of an Oysterman's Reserve at Toulkerrie on the south west coast of Moreton Island, under the trusteeship of the Fisheries Division, Department of Primary Industries. The lease consists of some 11 Lots within a wedge-shaped tract from 400m long (N-S) by between 100m (in north) and 50m wide (south). As a consequence of this proposal the National Parks and Wildlife Service decided to alter the route of a stretch of road running through the lease area and called for a prior archaeological inspection of the new route. This work revealed numerous middens within the proposed lease proper (Hall 1988a) and subsequent discussions between D.P.I. and the (then) Archaeology Branch, Department of Community Services, led to a cultural resource management study (Hall 1988b). On the basis of an assessment of the surface manifestation of cultural material this area was deemed a significant Aboriginal midden-camp complex. Accordingly, a management plan was proposed which included limited archaeological excavation.
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DOW, RORY A., and BENJAMIN W. PRICE. "A review of Megalogomphus sumatranus (Krüger, 1899) and its allies in Sundaland with a description of a new species from Borneo (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae)." Zootaxa 4845, no. 4 (September 4, 2020): 487–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4845.4.2.
Full textAbstract:
Megalogomphus sumatranus (Krüger, 1899) and its allies in Sundaland are reviewed. The accessory genitalia of the males of this genus, hardly considered previously, are found to be taxonomically informative. The taxon from Borneo previously treated as M. sumatranus is described from both sexes as M. buddi sp. nov. (holotype ♂ Sungai Datai, Nanga Bloh, Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary, Kapit Division, Sarawak, Malaysia, 22 viii 2013, leg. J. anak Awan & M. anak Adau; deposited at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands). Megalogomphus borneensis (Laidlaw, 1914), described as a subspecies of M. icterops (Martin, 1903) and subsequently relegated to the synonymy of that species, is considered to be a distinct species. Megalogomphus icterops is however considered to be a junior synonym of M. sumatranus. A re-description of the holotype of Megalogomphus borneensis is provided as is the first description of the female. Descriptive notes with illustrations of Megalogomphus sumatranus are given.
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Wellman, Hannah P., Rita M. Austin, Nihan D. Dagtas, Madonna L. Moss, Torben C. Rick, and Courtney A. Hofman. "Archaeological mitogenomes illuminate the historical ecology of sea otters ( Enhydra lutris ) and the viability of reintroduction." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1940 (December 2, 2020): 20202343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2343.
Full textAbstract:
Genetic analyses are an important contribution to wildlife reintroductions, particularly in the modern context of extirpations and ecological destruction. To address the complex historical ecology of the sea otter ( Enhydra lutris ) and its failed 1970s reintroduction to coastal Oregon, we compared mitochondrial genomes of pre-extirpation Oregon sea otters to extant and historical populations across the range. We sequenced, to our knowledge, the first complete ancient mitogenomes from archaeological Oregon sea otter dentine and historical sea otter dental calculus. Archaeological Oregon sea otters ( n = 20) represent 10 haplotypes, which cluster with haplotypes from Alaska, Washington and British Columbia, and exhibit a clear division from California haplotypes. Our results suggest that extant northern populations are appropriate for future reintroduction efforts. This project demonstrates the feasibility of mitogenome capture and sequencing from non-human dental calculus and the diverse applications of ancient DNA analyses to pressing ecological and conservation topics and the management of at-risk/extirpated species.
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Dixit, Soham, Viral Joshi, and Sahas Barve. "Bird diversity of the Amrutganga Valley, Kedarnath, Uttarakhand, India with an emphasis on the elevational distribution of species." Check List 12, no. 2 (April 17, 2016): 1874. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.2.1874.
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A unique aspect of montane birds is the elevational stratification they show in their distribution, but in the Himalayas, a subset of the species show elevational migration, making bird communities on these mountains especially dynamic. Thus, understanding the elevational distribution and movement of species across seasons is important to fully understand broad-scale community patterns. In this study, we compile a comprehensive checklist of birds along a 2,300 m Himalayan elevational gradient in the Amrutganga Valley, Kedarnath Wildlife Division, Uttarakhand, India. We recorded 244 species including 34 species new for the area and two new species for the state. Most importantly, we describe the elevational distribution of more than a 200 species and the dates of first sighting for several summer migrants in the season. We also studied changes in species richness and turnover at multiple elevations across seasons. We hope that this study provides a baseline for future research on elevational distribution of birds in the Western Himalayas.
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Trageser, Scott, Hassan Al-Razi, Marjan Maria, Fahimuzzaman Nobel, Md Asaduzzaman, and Shahriar Caesar Rahman. "A new species of Phrynoglossus Peters, 1867; Dicroglossidae) from southeastern Bangladesh, with comments on the genera Occidozyga and Phrynoglossus." PeerJ 9 (August 19, 2021): e11998. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11998.
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We describe a new cryptic species of Phrynoglossus from Chattogram Division, Bangladesh based on an integrative taxonomic analysis based on morphology, phylogenetics, and bioacoustics which unambiguously support the placement of the species in the genus Phrynoglossus. We also present a compilation of published morphological characters for all twelve Phrynoglossus species and two species of Occidozyga as well as comments on taxonomy, morphology, and geographic distribution for the two genera. The new species is found to be most morphologically similar to P. martensii, however a provided set of character states visibly differentiates these two species. Finally, habitat for Phrynoglossus swanbornorum sp. nov. is highly fragmented and faces imminent threats from development and agriculture, and although it is confirmed to occur within government protected areas in the southeastern region of Bangladesh, few wildlife regulations are enforced within them. Thus, following IUCN criteria, we consider the new species as Endangered based on criteria B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv) + 2ab(i,ii,iii,iv).
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Tchindjang, Mesmin, Eric Voundi, Philippes Mbevo Fendoung, Unusa Haman, Frédéric Saha, and Igor Casimir Njombissie Petcheu. "Mapping of the dilemma of mining against forest and conservation in the Lom and Djérem Division, Cameroon." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-111-2018.
Full textAbstract:
Mining practices in Cameroon began since the colonial period. The artisanal mining sector before independence contributed to 11&ndash;20&thinsp;% of GDP. From 2000, the rich potential of the Cameroonian subsoil attract many foreign investors with over 600 research and mining permits already granted during the last decade. But, Cameroonian forests also have a long history from the colonial period to the pre-sent. However, mining activities in forest environments are governed by two different legal frameworks, including mining code i.e. Law No. 001 of 16 April 2001 organizing the mining industry and Law No. 94-01 of 20 January 1994 governing forests, wildlife and fisheries. Therefore, in the absence of detailed studies of these laws, there are conflicts of interests, rights and obligations that overlap, requiring research needs and taking appropriate decisions. The objective of this research in the Lom and Djérem division is to study, apart from the proliferation of mining li-censes and actors, the dilemma as well as the impact of the extension of mining activities on the degradation of forest cover. Using geospatial tools through multi-temporal and multisensor satellite images (Landsat from 1976 to 2015, IKONOS, GEOEYE, Google Earth) coupled with field investigations; we mapped the dynamic of different forms of land use (mining permits, FMU and protected areas of permanent forest estate) and highlighted paradoxically the conflict of land use. We came to the conclusion that the rhythm of issuing mining permits and authorizations in this forestall zone is so fast that one can wonder whether we still find a patch of forest within 50 years.
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Gogoi, Girish, and Vipin Parkash. "A checklist of gilled mushrooms (Basidiomycota: Agaricomycetes) with diversity analysis in Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 7, no. 15 (December 26, 2015): 8272. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.1770.7.15.8272-8287.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary is comprised of five distinct compartments. A total of 138 species of gilled mushrooms belonging to 48 genera, 23 families, five orders of the class Agaricomycetes, division Basidiomycota, have been collected and analyzed. The order Agaricales was was found with the highest number of species (113), followed by Russulales (14), Polyporales (5), Cantharellales (4) and Boletales (2). The species <em>Coprinellus disseminatus </em>and <em>Megacollybia rodmani</em> have shown the highest (8.26) and the lowest density (0.05), respectively. A total of 24 species, e.g., <em>Termitomyces albuminosus, Marasmius curreyi, Marasmiellus candidus, Leucocoprinus medioflavus, Mycena leaiana, Hygrocybe miniata, Collybia chrysoropha, Gymnopus confluens</em> were common with frequency percentage of 11.9, whereas <em>Megacollybia rodmani</em> with less frequency percentage (2.4) was found only in few quadrates of the sanctuary. The highly abundant species were <em>Termitomyces medius</em> (91.7) and <em>Coprinellus disseminatus </em>(86.8), and less abundant species were <em>Psilocybe wayanadensis</em> (1.0) and <em>Lepiota</em> sp. (1.0) in the study site. The order of the species richness index (<em>R</em>) compartment wise was 2>3>4>5>1. Both the Shannon diversity index and Simpson diversity index of agarics was maximum (1.88, 0.98) in compartment 2, whereas minimum (1.72, 0.95) in compartment 1 and 5, respectively. Moreover, the compartment 2 was found very much similar with compartment 3 and very less similar with compartment 1.</p><div> </div>
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Berkmüller, Klaus, Tom Evans, Rob Timmins, and Vene Vongphet. "Recent advances in nature conservation in the Lao PDR." Oryx 29, no. 4 (October 1995): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300021244.
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The Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) has long been a white spot on maps depicting national parks and similar protected areas. This changed dramatically with the official declaration in October 1993 of 18 protected areas covering over 10 per cent of the country's land surface. Among the countries of South East Asia Lao PDR now ranks among those with the highest proportion of land under legal protection. The political climate seems favourable and additional areas may still be added. System planning and, increasingly now, the management of declared areas has been carried out by the Protected Areas and Wildlife Division of the Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management (PAWM), Forest Department, with funding by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and technical support from IUCN-The World Conservation Union. Some of the most vulnerable species, such as the Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus, may already be extirpated, but most species and ecosystems have good prospects of survival if management of the reserves and some wider conservation initiatives can be implemented.
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DeLong, Allison K., Jeremy S. Collie, Carol J. Meise, and J. Christopher Powell. "Estimating growth and mortality of juvenile winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, with a length-based model." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 2233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-162.
Full textAbstract:
This study quantifies the combined effects of density and environmental factors on young-of-the-year (YOY) winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. We used a length-based model to estimate growth and mortality rates from June to October each year from 1988 to 1998. In this model, mortality and growth rates are decreasing functions of length and there is variability in individual growth. Maximum-likelihood methods were used to fit the model to length-frequency data collected by the Rhode Island Division of Fish and Wildlife beach-seine survey in Narragansett Bay during the study years. The monthly mortality rate was density dependent and was positively related to temperature. Growth rate was negatively related to density. There was a significant decline in YOY winter flounder abundance during the period of study. The most recent year of the study, 1998, had the lowest density, lowest mortality, low summer temperature, and high growth rate. Thus, growth and mortality during the juvenile stage do not appear to be limiting the recovery of this depleted winter flounder population.
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Wilkinson, David A., Jonathan C. Marshall, Nigel P. French, and David T. S. Hayman. "Habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and the risk of novel infectious disease emergence." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 149 (December 2018): 20180403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0403.
Full textAbstract:
The number of microbes on Earth may be 10 30 , exceeding all other diversity. A small number of these can infect people and cause disease. The diversity of parasitic organisms likely correlates with the hosts they live in and the number mammal hosts for zoonotic infections increases with species richness among mammalian orders. Thus, while habitat loss and fragmentation may reduce species diversity, the habitat encroachment by people into species-rich areas may increase the exposure of people to novel infectious agents from wildlife. Here, we present a theoretical framework that exploits the species–area relationship to link the exposure of people to novel infections with habitat biodiversity. We model changes in human exposure to microbes through defined classes of habitat fragmentation and predict that increased habitat division intrinsically increases the hazard from microbes for all modelled biological systems. We apply our model to African tropical forests as an example. Our results suggest that it is possible to identify high-risk areas for the mitigation and surveillance of novel disease emergence and that mitigation measures may reduce this risk while conserving biodiversity.
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Xavier, Sinitha. "The Problems and Challenges of the Kadar Tribe of Kerala." Contemporary Voice of Dalit 10, no. 2 (September 18, 2018): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x18785454.
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The present article unfurls the problems encountered by the Kadar tribe of Kerala. Kadar is one of the five particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs) located in the premises of Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, in the Vazhachal Forest Division, to the south of it and in the vicinity of the Athirappilly Waterfalls on riverside of Chalakudy. The study highlights the problems encountered by this tribal community. The particular problems extracted from the study were lack of adequate finance, exploitation by the government officials, problems in finding employment for a minimum standard of living, lack of education, lack of stable income, threat of displacement, alcoholism among members of the family, long distance to educational, medical and commercial institutions, rules and regulations of the government, delay in getting the payments from government agencies, ill health and malnutrition, drain of forest resources and financial liability of the household, lack of infrastructure facilities like good roads to settlements, the existence of unwed mothers, no proper implementation of the Forest Regulation Act (2006) and no documents provided for the ownership of land.
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Sotak, Diane L. "Endangered Species Home Page9917US Fish & Wildlife Service, Division of Endangered Species, Branch of Information Management. Endangered Species Home Page. Division of Endangered Species ‐ Washington Office, Branch of Information Management, Mail Stop 452ARLSQ, 1849 C St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20240: US Fish & Wildlife Service, Division of Endangered Species, Branch of Information Management PublisherPages: URL: http://www.fws.gov/r9endspp/endspp.html Free access on the Internet." Electronic Resources Review 3, no. 2 (February 1999): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/err.1999.3.2.19.17.
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Rappole, John H., Swen C. Renner, Nay Myo Shwe, and Paul R. Sweet. "A New Species of Scimitar-Babbler (Timaliidae: Jabouilleia) From the Sub-Himalayan Region of Myanmar." Auk 122, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 1064–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/122.4.1064.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract An expedition of representatives from the Myanmar Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division and the Smithsonian National Zoological Park's Conservation and Research Center visited the town of Naung Mung on the Nam Tisang River in the extreme northern portion of Kachin State, Myanmar, during February 2004. The town is located in the sub-Himalayan region of the country at 27°29′N, 97°48′E, elevation 540 m, 118 km south of the Tibetan border and 53 km west of the border with Yunnan Province, China. The purpose of the trip was to inventory the poorly known avifauna of the premontane temperate rainforest habitat at that site. On 6 February 2004, we captured two scimitar-babblers that appeared to be representatives of the genus Jabouilleia. An additional individual of the taxon was captured in the same vicinity on 8 February 2004. These were the first records for Jabouilleia from Myanmar, and subsequent investigation showed that these specimens were members of a previously undescribed species, which we designate Jabouilleia naungmungensis, the Naung Mung Scimitar-Babbler. Une Nouvelle Espèce de Jabouilleia (Timaliidae) dans la Région sub-Himalayenne de la Birmanie
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Muniba Nafees, Muhammad Zubair, and Abdullah. "Joint Forest Management Rules: Law and Practice in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa." sjesr 4, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss1-2021(268-277).
Full textAbstract:
The study’s main aim was to provide an in-depth insight into the Community Participation (also called Joint Forest Management or JFM) Rules enforced by the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) in 2004 to reform the KP Environment Department from a “policing model” to a participatory one. It sought to find out; whether the JFM rules are followed in letter and spirit or the environment department of the province is still using age-old policies without involving the local communities in the management of forests. The study has uncovered the departmental and bureaucratic constraints towards the JFM Rules that stop the department from embarking on a journey towards a more participatory, inclusive, transparent, accountable, and sustainable management as well as development of forest resources. A qualitative research design was selected for this study and data was collected from a sample assembled on quota sampling technique with the quotas of respondents: 10 forest owners (people who have ownership rights in forests. 5 were taken from Malakand Division and 5 from Hazara Division of KP), 10 forest users (people who occasionally or permanently live in or near forests and use its resources in an arrangement with the forest owners. 5 were taken from Malakand and 5 from Hazara again), 10 government officials (5 from the environment department and 5 from the legal fraternity) and finally 10 environmental activists (including 5 female activists). Themes were developed after carrying out semi-structured in-depth interviews using interview guides. One of the major findings of the research were the sweeping and discretionary powers of the Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) which hinders the progress of JFM as DFO is not only the final authority on registration of a JFM Committee but can influence various other aspects of community participation and JFM like planning, funding and termination. It was also found that the territorial or protection staff (like Ranger, Forester & Guard) were still calling the shots in a top-down approach instead of a bottom-to-top approach by the mobilization and developmental staff (like Community Development Officer or CDO & Female Forest Extensionist or FFE) despite the JFM Rules. It was revealed that there is a great lack of funds and financial independence of the Directorate of CDEGAD (Community Development, Extension, Gender and Development) which is responsible for implementing community participation and JFM. The directorate staff is mostly financially dependent upon the discretion of the DFO. Even after 16 years, the environment department has not internalized JFM Rules. There was a lack of concern by government top management towards addressing this huge environmental problem of the lack of implementation of JFM despite the recent Billion and 10 Billion Trees "Tsunami" Afforestation Projects with the help of the UN under the Bonn Challenge. A very small number of community members reported that they are participating in the forestry and wildlife activities with the environment department. "Rubber stamp" and "token" participation were reported just to give legal cover to the departmental activities and a photo session for the social media instead of truly real incentive participation to achieve sustainable management and development of forest resources. There is a great if not an organized resistance of the majority of forestry staff to JFM Rules and keep these rules hidden under the carpet to carry on the traditional approach which is harmful for the communities, the department, the forests, and the wildlife in the long run. Lack of implementation of JFM Rules also facilitates corruption. Without local support and knowledge, the poverty in the forest-dependent communities cannot be eradicated. Lessons from Nepal's social forestry should be learned and utilized for KP's JFM. Nevertheless, the recent projects by the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf led KP and Federal governments have given environmental activists a great glimmer of hope but the long-term positive results of it will depend upon its continuity by the future governments. The positions of CDOs, Female CDOs, and SOs (Social Organizers) need to be strengthened with legal powers regarding JFM. Several environmental policy and regulation needs were also identified in this study, followed by several recommendations for the environment department, provincial government, and civil society for bold and ambitious community-led forestry and wildlife conservation projects.
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Talbot, Kasey, and Jeff Dauzat. "Hurricane Isaac Post-Storm Response1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 2253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.2253.
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ABSTRACT Hurricane Isaac made landfall on August 29, 2012 over Louisiana, lingering overhead for more than 60 hours. While most were concerned with surviving the 80+ mph winds and ensuing storm surge and floods, Coast Guard members statewide knew there would be no calm after the storm; instead it would be a grueling fight to restore the port to normalcy. The slow moving storm caused grounded deep draft vessels and barges, spilled oil, releases of hazardous materials (HAZMAT), and damage to various buildings and infrastructures. U.S. Coast Guard Sector New Orleans integrated local, states, and federal agencies into a Unified Command structure to coordinate limited resources post-storm. Within Sector New Orleans, the Incident Management Division (IMD) made it their primary mission to mitigate any substantial threats of oil discharges or HAZMAT releases and ensure proper cleanup. On September 2, 2012, IMD utilized the Incident Command System (ICS) to establish a Marine Environmental Response (MER) Incident Management Team (IMT) to achieve their post storm mission. The MER IMT consisted of 200 personnel, of which 60 were Coast Guard members, and included representatives from the National Strike Force, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ), Louisiana Oil Spill Coordinator's Office (LOSCO), Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF), and three Oil Spill Removal Organizations (OSROs); together the team collected 4500 barrels of oily water and 1200 HAZMAT containers, deployed over 11,000 feet of containment boom, and federalized three pollution projects. The MER IMT was disestablished on September 28, 2012 leaving Sector New Orleans IMD to maintain complete management of the ongoing federalized projects, “Fantome”, “Map Drilling”, and “Gulf South”. The projects included oil discharges in adjacent waterways of two oil production/storage facilities, oil discharges from fixed facility barges, and oil discharges from a storage platform along the marsh shoreline. Sector New Orleans executed $9.5 million in Oil Spill Liability Trust Funds towards emergency response efforts and successfully restored safety to the public health, welfare, environment, and maritime community.
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Kunwar, Ashra, and Narayan Prasad Koju. "Prey Diversity of Common Leopard and Factors Affecting Human-Common Leopard Conflict in Community Forests of Arghakhanchi District Nepal." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v6i1.35367.
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Conflict between human and wildlife is one of the main threats to the continued survival of many species in different parts of the world, and is also a significant threat to local human populations. As human populations expand and natural habitats shrink, people and animals are increasingly coming into conflict over living space and food. People lose their crops, livestock, property, and sometimes even their lives. Initially, with the use of structured interviews and few key informant survey, 120 households were selected for questionnaire in which 25 were from victim’s family and 95 from Sandhikharka village and the city areas using both purposive and random sampling method. Key informant interviews were also taken with officers of Division forest office and active members of community forest. Similarly, to access the prey diversity, a total of 9 infrared cameras were installed. As the objective of the research, the result was obtained based on secondary and primary data with the use of structured interviews to quantify attitudes based on 5 questions with the given scores where the scores were added together. At the end, the ANOVA test was carried outwit the variances among the control variables influencing the attitude toward leopards while assessing the overall attitudes of people with those scores. The result discusses the mean attitude of illiterate people as negative (-1.03±0.14 SE) towards leopard. Also, overall mean attitude of literate people was negative (-1.19±0.17 SE). Total 6750 images were recorded during study period among them only single event of leopard was captured in the camera trap and 72 independent prey images were captured by infrared camera. Mongoose, Wild cat, Rabbit, Porcupine and barking deer were commonly recorded. Rest of photos recorded were human movement, suggesting less prey abundance and higher human activities in study area.PCA analysis regarding factors affecting leopard human conflict suggested that the distance from water source to local people, distance from toilet to home, land use change going on in the study area, scarcity of water source to wildlife inside the forest, distance to graze livestock are major factors having positive impact on human leopard conflict.
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Hossen, S., and MK Hossain. "Conservation status of tree species in Himchari National Park of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh." Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management 4, no. 2 (December 17, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v4i2.39842.
Full textAbstract:
Himchari National Park (HNP) was declared as a Protected Area (PA) in 1980 under the section 23(II) of Bangladesh Wildlife Preservation Act 1974 of the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. The total area of the HNP is about 1,729 ha (4,271.15 acres) under the jurisdiction of Cox’s Bazar South Forest Division, Cox’s Bazar district. Once the forest was very rich in flora and fauna, but many of the species have disappeared due to habitat destruction, over-exploitation, habitat fragmentation, fire hazard, encroachment, indiscriminate harvesting of tree species and Non-Timber Forest products. The study was conducted through extensive whole area survey and quadrat survey methods. A total of 117 tree species (having ≥ 5 cm dbh) belonging to 37 families was recorded from the HNP. Moraceae family possesses the highest species (14) followed by Mimosaceae (8), Euphorbiaceae (7), Myrtaceae (6) and 5 species each by Anacardiaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Meliaceae and Verbenaceae. A total of 69 tree species (59%) was found as Least Concern (LC) representing maximum tree species among all the categories. Vulnerable, Endangered, Near Threatened and Critically Endangered tree species were represented by 16 species (14%), 4 species (3%), 2 species (2%) and 2 species (2%), respectively. It is necessary to take effective measures for the protection, sustainable management, proper utilization and conservation of tree species in an aim to conserve the forest genetic resources of the Himchari natural forests.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(2): 1-10
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LaCava, Melanie E. F., Roderick B. Gagne, Sierra M. Love Stowell, Kyle D. Gustafson, C. Alex Buerkle, Lee Knox, and Holly B. Ernest. "Pronghorn population genomics show connectivity in the core of their range." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 4 (May 29, 2020): 1061–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa054.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Preserving connectivity in the core of a species’ range is crucial for long-term persistence. However, a combination of ecological characteristics, social behavior, and landscape features can reduce connectivity among wildlife populations and lead to genetic structure. Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), for example, exhibit fluctuating herd dynamics and variable seasonal migration strategies, but GPS tracking studies show that landscape features such as highways impede their movements, leading to conflicting hypotheses about expected levels of genetic structure. Given that pronghorn populations declined significantly in the early 1900s, have only partially recovered, and are experiencing modern threats from landscape modification, conserving connectivity among populations is important for their long-term persistence in North America. To assess the genetic structure and diversity of pronghorn in the core of their range, we genotyped 4,949 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 11 microsatellites from 398 individuals throughout the state of Wyoming. We found no evidence of genetic subdivision and minimal evidence of isolation by distance despite a range that spans hundreds of kilometers, multiple mountain ranges, and three interstate highways. In addition, a rare variant analysis using putatively recent mutations found no genetic division between pronghorn on either side of a major highway corridor. Although we found no evidence that barriers to daily and seasonal movements of pronghorn impede gene flow, we suggest periodic monitoring of genetic structure and diversity as a part of management strategies to identify changes in connectivity.
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Deshmukh, Ajay, Yaduraj Khadpekar, Mahendra Dhore, and Baijuraj M.V. "Reunion with the mother: a successful rehabilitation strategy for displaced wild Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) kittens." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 16 (December 14, 2020): 17245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6466.12.16.17245-17251.
Full textAbstract:
One of the common challenges for wildlife rehabilitators and conservationists is dealing with displaced young animals, needing intervention and help. Most commonly, such displaced animals are moved to zoos or rescue centers where they are hand-raised. In some cases, the hand-raised animals are rehabilitated back in the wild following suitable protocols. For young animals that are not injured or ill, however, reuniting them with their mothers in the wild might be the best option. There are few reports on such reunion efforts. We report successful reunions of 26 Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus kittens with their mothers in the period of six years in the Junnar Forest Division, Maharashtra, India. The kittens found by the villagers were examined for injuries or signs of sickness, and physiological parameters were recorded. If found healthy, they were placed in a plastic basket at the same location in the evening of the same day for a reunion with their mothers. In all cases, the mother cat was in the vicinity and took the kittens away after a brief period. The success of reunion effort was confirmed by direct observation or vocalization of the kittens combined with the presence of pugmarks of an adult cat at the site, or just by the presence and appearance of pugmarks. The results of our efforts show that displaced kittens of small wild cats can be successfully reunited with their mothers, provided that the time gap between separation and reunion effort is minimized.
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Migosi, Joash A. "Gender Disparities at Higher Education in Kenya: A Case of Moi University." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies 12, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v12.n2.p1.
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The purpose of this study was to understand the gender representation in higher education in Kenya, particularly at the Moi University in Eldoret, Kenya. The study was carried out in the 1995/96 academic year and focused on selected faculties and schools in regard to gender disparities in University enrolment at undergraduate level. Proportionate random sampling technique was employed in identifying the respondents to this study. The questionnaire and document analysis guide were the key instruments used in this study. For secondary data, the study used Document Analysis Guide which was used to collect data from the university authorities and the Ministry of Education Statistics Division and number of candidates who sat for Kenya Certificate for Secondary Education in the years 1990-93. Primary data was collected by questionnaires. The questionnaire return rate was 70%. This return rate was therefore considered sufficient to provide the required information. Data from the questionnaire and the Document Analysis Guide were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Gender representation data was analysed per faculty. Findings from the study indicated revealed that female student enrolment at Moi University is quite low compared to male enrolment. The most affected faculties are Wildlife Management and Technology and Forestry Resources represented by 6.38% and 13.4% respectively. Other Science based courses had at least more than 20% of the female student representation. Even in the arts based faculties, parity is far from being achieved. This calls for concerted efforts to increase the female student enrolment at the university level in Kenya particularly in the fields of Science and Technology.
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Nelson, J. Gordon, and Roger D. Needham. "The Arctic as a Regional Sea." Environmental Conservation 12, no. 1 (1985): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900015101.
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Although many people still view the Arctic as little affected by human activity, the region has been the home of Man for thousands of years and its wildlife and ecology have been changed in many ways in the last four hundred years as a result particularly of the commercial and technical activities of western industrial nations. Three forces are, however, now bringing more and more attention to the use and conservation of arctic lands and seas: (a) arctic petroleum exploration and development, which is becoming increasingly extensive offshore in Alaska, Canada, and Norway; (2) The Law of the Sea Convention, which is leading to the division of the formerly open Arctic into large spheres of national jurisdiction through the declaration of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ); and (3) the World Conservation Strategy, which is providing the conceptual basis for the international cooperation and comprehensive management that is clearly needed to introduce sustainable development in the Arctic.It is suggested that one promising means of planning and implementing balanced use and conservation in the waters and adjacent lands of the Arctic is through the UNEP Regional Seas Programme. This institutional arrangement is already being used in similar resource-management circumstances in eleven other regions of the world. The Regional Seas Programme is action-oriented and includes four basic elements: (1) promotion of international and regional conventions, guidelines, and activities; (2) assessment of marine pollution and related effects; (3) coordination in protection, development, and management; and (4) support through training, education, and other means.
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Hota, Sourabh Ranjan, Sonali Sahoo, Manojita Dash, Avishek Pahari, Bijayendranath Mohanty, and Niranjana Sahoo. "Molecular detection of Murshidia linstowi in a free-ranging dead elephant calf." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 15359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4961.12.3.15359-15363.
Full textAbstract:
Gastrointestinal helminths are ubiquitous in both domestic and wild animals. Infections are often sub-clinical except in circumstances of destabilization of host-parasite equilibrium by innate or environmental factors. The present case deals with microscopic and molecular diagnosis of Murshidia linstowi recovered from an elephant. A post-mortem examination of a free-ranging juvenile male elephant calf that had died of electrocution in Athagarh Wildlife Division revealed the presence of slender, whitish nematodes in the stomach. No gross lesions were noticed either in the site of predilection or any other internal organs. The average length of the parasites was 3.8cm. These parasites were collected for further gross as well as microscopic examination following routine parasitological techniques. Temporary mounts prepared after cleaning the nematodes in lactophenol were observed under a microscope. Morphological features such as a well-developed mouth collar, large and globular buccal capsule with fine tubercles, cone shaped oesophageal funnel, short bursa having indistinctly divided lobes and closely apposed ventral rays and stout spicules with club shaped tips bent dorsally corroborated with that of M.linstowi (male). Amplification of the rDNA from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using universal nematode primers NC2 and NC5 revealed a product size of 870bp. The PCR product was subjected to sequencing followed by NCBI-BLAST which revealed 98% homology with M. linstowi. A phylogenetic study showed a maximum similarity with M.linstowi recovered from elephants in Kenya. This particular nematode species belonging to the family Strongylidae and sub-family Cyathostominae appears to be the first documented report in India.