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1
Memani, Patience Sandiswa. "A comparative study of the marital attitudes of students from divorced, intact and single-parent families." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2003. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The aim of the research study was to examine the marital attitudes of students from divorced, intact and single parent families. Most of these students were in the intimacy versus isolation developmental phase. During this phase young adults seek to form an intimate relationship with another person, but may fear intimacy or may not want to give up their independence and may experience loneliness and isolation instead. It was thus important to conduct the study since some of the students were at a developmental stage in which they might have been dealing with intimate relationship issues. Given the focus of international studies on the marital attitudes of students from intact and divorced families, it was considered important to include, in the comparison, students from single parent families. A survey research design was used as a broad methodological framework and Bowen's family systems theory was used as a theoretical framework. A convenient sampling method was used to select a sample of 209 participants from the Community and Health Science Faculty. A Marital Attitude Scale and a questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by means of basic descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test, T-Test and Mann Whitney U-Test. Results showed that students&rsquoparental marital status (married, divorced, single) had no influence on their attitudes towards marriage. Generally, the students showed positive attitudes towardsmarriage. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference among different racial groups.
The results suggest that except for race, there was no statistically significant difference on the marital attitudes when compared on such variables as gender, religion and age. Although the marital attitudes of participants were generally positive among the different racial groups, participants from the Black community had less positive marital attitudes when compared with their Coloured, Indian and White counterparts. Participants from the Coloured community also had less positive marital attitudes when compared
to their counterparts from the Indian and White communities. The results of this study show that participants had relative positive attitudes towards marriage and that these attitudes did not differ according to parental status.
2
Lotter, Jaclyn Oehley. "A narrative analysis of young black South African women's stories about the recent divorce of their parents." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002520.
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The global rise in divorce since the 1960s has brought into question the idealised view of the nuclear family which has for centuries been awarded special status in western societies and has been regarded as the primary social institution. According to contemporary research parental divorce has become a reality for every one in six children in South Africa. Until recently, little consideration had been given to how divorce affects black South African families, as it was considered to be an occurrence which only took place in white, mainly middle-class, families. The proportion of black South African couples divorcing has been increasing over the past decade, and in 2008 was said to contribute to 35% of all divorce in South Africa. Most research to date on the children of divorce has focused on young white children and adolescents and is largely concerned with those who have found parental divorce particularly difficult, and are manifesting adjustment and other behavioural problems. The research which has been done on the effects of parental divorce on young adults focuses mainly on clinical studies with middle-class families based either in the United States or in the United Kingdom. This research, using an experience-centred, life-story narrative approach, explores the stories which young black South African adult women between the ages of 18 and 25 tell, to give account to the ways in which recent parental divorce has affected their lives, views on family life, and what it has meant to them. The use of an experience-centred, life-story narrative approach allows for a process of rupture, acceptance and re-storying to be accounted for, as the participant’s narrative shifts from past, to present and the future. Five young black women from a South African university each participated in two narratively sequenced semi-structured interviews based on McAdams’ personal narratives protocol, which includes six core themes, namely: Key Events, Significant People, Stresses and Problems, Personal Meanings and Life-Lessons, Future Script, and Life Theme. Crossley’s narrative analysis was then used to identify emergent themes and images in each individual narrative, after which they were woven together into a coherent story linked to previous literature. This study found that divorce involves a highly complex transition and reconfiguration process perhaps not fully accounted for in the existing idea and images associated with it. Despite being young adult women who had moved away from home and were engaged in their own lives, it became apparent that parental divorce was still a difficult and complicated experience, but that it is possible to tell both pessimistic and optimistic stories of parental divorce and its consequences.
3
Nyikana, Kwezi Jerome. "Investigating factors that contribute to the disengagement of non-custodial fathers after divorce in the King Sabatha Dalindyebo Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of Republic of South Africa." Thesis, Walter Sisulu University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1015519.
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This study is premised on the plight of custodial women, who sometimes complain about lack of financial support and the physical absence or disengagement of non-custodial fathers in the lives of their children after divorce. A notable number of non-custodial fathers in the KSD Municipal area have been identified through this study to be disengaging themselves physically from the lives of their children after divorce. The research analysis point to a number of compelling factors for post-divorce paternal disengagement.The research study is an exploratory study in which a mixed method of both qualitative and quantitative research design have been utilised. The researcher was interested in using qualifying words and the use of statistical analysis to describe the father disengagement phenomenon. The hypothesis for this study is: psychological, social and structural factors contribute to the disengagement of non-custodial fathers after divorce. The researcher drew up a sample which Bailey (1982) defines as a subset or portion of the total population. The researcher selected respondents according to the purposive sample which Rubin and Babbie (1993:259) defines as a type of non-probability sampling method in which the researcher uses his own judgement in the selection of respondents. In sampling, 30 respondents who are non-custodial parents were selected to participate in the study. Disengaged non-custodial father was the unit of analysis.The data was collected by means of administering questionnaires and voice recordings. The researcher also utilized in-depth interviews as stated by Boyce and Neale (2006) as being useful when you want detailed information about a person’s thoughts and behaviours, or when the researcher wants to explore new ideas in-depth. The latter approach is most appropriate in qualitative data collection. However, data was analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively.The findings of the study have in many ways answered questions the researcher has been curious about. The ex-wives’ feelings, in-laws, lack of residence, lack of communication between the divorced parents, remarriages, a child or children’s refusal to meet his/her father after divorce have been cited by the respondents as mitigating factors to non-custodial father disengagement. The psychological state of the divorced parties, that of anger, depression, overwhelmed by parenting alone or anxiety or distraught emotional state all form psychological factors. The latter factors were found not to be properly managed well and have often resulted in post-divorce father disengagement. The emotional pain by the non-custodial fathers of not seeing their children for a long time even demonstrates that structural challenges are also contributing factors to post-divorce father disengagement.In the light of the above findings the researcher would recommended mandatory counseling for parenting after divorce, expansion of the family advocate office, provision of a national program for divorced men, creating positive pictures of fatherhood through the media, incorporation of fatherhood or parenthood into the curriculum in our institutions of higher learning and mobilization of men at all levels to take position actions in remedying the experience of divorce.
4
Durrbaum, René. "In the best interests of the child? : a case study of the psychological discourses of the custody decision-making process in a South African context." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007484.
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This study focuses on the process of custody decision-making in a South African divorce context with the aim of critically examining the operation of the principle of the best interests of the child. A narrative approach is incorporated into Parker and Fairclough's discourse analytic approaches in the context of an instrumental case study. More specifically, the focus falls on moving beyond the understandings of custody embodied within the current psychological literature in order to examine the relationship between theory and practice and to view custody as a dynamic process at both a textual and analytical level. Concepts of dialoguing, context, audience and intertextuality together with a storied approach are central. Further, an attempt is made to provide a disruptive reading of the case through the use of notions of power, ideology and institutional practices embedded within the case and its broader contexts. The analysis demonstrates the need for decision-making to be viewed as a broader process situated across multiple professional, institutional and socio-political texts and contexts. Further, it is argued that in order for the process to uphold the principle of the child's best interests, specialised training must be supplemented with changes at the level of policy, aimed at moving toward a more inclusive, process-oriented approach to custody decision-making.
5
Thompson, Glyde Edward. "Sport-specific psychological skills : a comparison between professional and social basketball players in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51919.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the present study the psychological skills of professional and social basketball players were compared. A literature review has highlighted the need for domain specific and sport specific psychological skills research, from countries outside the United States of America. The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28) was administered to professional (n=60) and social (n=67) basketball players. The ACSI-28 is a multidimensional scale that measures seven specific psychological skills and also yields a global psychological skills score. The results showed that professional basketball players rated their global psychological skills significantly higher than social basketball players. The results also showed that the professional basketball players scored significantly higher on five of the seven specific psychological skills namely: coping with adversity, peaking under pressure, goal setting, concentration and self-confidence. Cross-cultural differences were found between South African and Greek basketball players. The assumption that psychological skills is domain specific was not verified as baseball and basketball players from different countries showed remarkably similar ACSI-28 profiles. The results can be used to develop a psychological skills training programme which is relevant for elite and pre-elite basketball players in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die sielkundige vaardighede van professionele- en sosiale basketbalspelers is in die huidige studie onderling vergelyk. 'n Literatuurstudie het die behoefte aan domeinspesifieke, sowel as sport-spesifieke sielkundige-vaardigheidsnavorsing beklemtoom, veral vir lande buite die Verenigde State van Amerika. Die Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28) is toegepas op professionele (n=60) en sosiale (n=67) basketbalspelers. Die ACSI-28 is 'n multidimensionele skaal wat sewe spesifiek sielkundige vaardighede meet. Hierdie vaardighede kan gekombineer word om 'n globale sielkundige vaardigheidstelling te kry. Volgens die resultate het die professionele basketbalspelers hul globale sielkundige vaardighede beduidend hoër as sosiale basketbalspelers geëvalueer. Die professionele basketbalspelers het hoër tellings as sosiale basketbalspelers behaal op vyf van die sewe spesifiek sielkundige vaardighede naamlik: hantering van terugslae, prestasie onder druk, doelwitstelling, konsentrasie vermoë en self vertroue. Kruis-kulturele verskille is gevind tussen Suid-Afrikaanse en Griekse basketbalspelers. Die aanname, dat sielkundige vaardighede domein-spesifiek is, is nie ondersteun nie, aangesien bofbal en basketbalspelers van verskillende lande ooreenstemmende ACSI-28 profiele getoon het. Die resultate kan aangewend word om 'n sielkundige vaardigheidsopleidingsprogram te ontwikkel wat relevant vir elite and preelite basketbalspelers in Suid Afrika is.
6
De, Beer Carl Francois. "Can sport impact rational investor behaviour? : an evaluation of the impact of national sporting performance on stock market returns in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002748.
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The finance industry is an extremely fast and complex world dominated by the Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH). This theory contains many assumptions which include that investors are rational utility maximisers and that market prices reflect all relevant economic information available to the public. However, over the years, a new form of financial literature known as behavioural finance has been gaining momentum. Behavioural finance seeks to bridge the gap between psychology and economics in an attempt to gain a better understanding of how markets react to different situations. Behavioural finance has also gained much attention in recent years due to the EMH’s inability to explain many economic anomalies. This study first considers the differences between behavioural finance theory and EMH theory before explaining how an individual’s mood has the ability to influence one’s risk taking preferences. Mood changes were also found to be linked to changes in the way an individual reacts to different situations, the way they thinks and processes thoughts. Negative events were also found to have a greater influence on an individual’s mood than positive events did, resulting in an asymmetric relationship between positive and negative results. This study then examines numerous studies indicating how non-economic events can have a statistical and significant influence on stock market returns before analysing previous literature where sport was found to influence market prices. The aim of this study is to determine if South African national sporting performance can influence investors in such a way that it has the ability to impact on market returns. Using standard event study methodology, this study determines the constant mean return using the daily All-Share price index on the JSE for the period of 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2010. This study focuses on three of South Africa’s most popular sports, namely soccer, cricket and rugby and examine if these three sports have the ability to influence market returns. Although there is some evidence of a relationship between stock returns and sporting performance in the descriptive analysis, the regression results indicate that sporting performance in South Africa does not significantly explain abnormal market returns on the JSE. The study provides a number of possible reasons for this finding and concludes by suggesting areas for future research.
7
Berard, Raymond. "Psychiatric aspects of haematological malignant disease : the Groote Schuur experience." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25946.
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8
Jaffray, Timothy William. "An empirical phenomenological investigations of the experience of being unemployed : a critical study in the South African context." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002068.
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Unemploynent is a problem that confronts many western countries. The aim of this dissertation is to understand, on the basis of a phenomenological investigation, what it means to be an unemployed, white, South African citizen. These meanings are then seen and discussed against the background of the problems associated with the ideological structure within the country. How the latter relates to white employment and psychological life is also explored. The results demonstrate the negative impact unemploynent has upon the psychological functioning of the individual. The results further show the despair such individuals face, having been 'denied' an accepted role within society.
9
Kantor, Barbara. "A Foucauldian discourse analysis of South African women's experience of involuntary childlessness." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_5335_1180442818.
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As a consequence of positioning women within the dominant gender role of motherhood, the inability to have a child has exposed women, and more notably women in Africa, to extreme social consequences that often violate their human rights and lead to socio-economic disempowerment. The aim of this study was to consider prevailing discursive construction that position women within dominant ideologies that engender motherhood for women, and to explore how women make sense of and construct meaning regarding their experience when they desire but are not able to have a child.
10
Coates, Nicholas Robert. "The psychological adjustment of middle managers after revolutionary organisational change." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008554.
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With the accelerated process of political and socio-economic transformation in South Africa, revolutionary organisational change has become a given in contemporary South African business life (Human & Horwitz, 1992). For revolutionary organisational change to succeed in South Africa, middle managers who represent the 'cement' of the organisation, need to adjust at the individual level. However, the literature on organisational change remains curiously silent about individual adjustment (Ashford, 1988). The goals of the research were firstly, to recount the middle manager's perceptions and experiences of revolutionary organisational change. Secondly, to detail the psychological re-
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Swartz, Beryldene Lucinda. "Experiencing night shift nursing: a daylight view." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study focused on nurses who work the night shift, and on some of the aspects of their lives. The objectives of the study were to identify and describe these experiences with specific reference to the physical, social and work-related effects.
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Steenveld, Clint Michael. "An interpretive use of drawings to explore the lived experiences of orphaned children living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004374.
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Against the backdrop of the growing problem of AIDS orphans in South Africa and greater sub-Saharan Africa, this qualitative enquiry examines the lives of three South African orphaned children living with HIV / AIDS in a children's home in Cape Town. It aims to generate rich, child-centred descriptions of some of the significant experiences of the children's lives. Drawings, dialogue and narrative were employed to generate the primary data. This was supplemented by collateral interviews and other relevant records, e.g. medical and biographical. Existential-phenomenological theory informed the approach to data collection and analysis. Each child produced a series often to twelve impromptu drawings over a period often weeks. These drawings and transcripts of the children's verbal descriptions of their drawings were extensively analysed. Significant themes for each participant as well as themes common to all three were identified. Some of the central themes emerging include loss, abandonment, death, disease awareness and coping. The children's ability to develop adaptive coping mechanisms and resilience in the face of traumatic loss and terminal illness was a particularly outstanding feature of the findings. Recommendations are made regarding future research to address the lack of qualitative, child-focused investigations as well as appropriate interventions for addressing the psychosocial needs of orphaned children living with HIV/AIDS.
13
Tennant, Charnel. "Exploring the lived experiences of South African maladaptive gamblers." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5021.
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For many individuals, gambling is regarded as a recreational activity, a socially encompassed pastime. For the individuals who partook in the present study, gambling is an Achilles heel at which the individuals were hopelessly at the mercy of. Initially a ‘fun’ activity, gambling emerged as an activity that provided both an aspect of enjoyment and escapism. Later, as the behaviour increased, interpersonal and intrapersonal consequences emerged; which eventually led participants to take action and break free from the activity once experienced as recreational and now as a “monster”. The aim of the study was to explore the lived experience of six South African individuals who met the criteria for a gambling disorder. Both a phenomenological approach and ecological perspective were used to elicit the essence of this particular phenomenon as experienced by the participants. Purposive sampling procedures were implemented. Data was collected through the use of a biographical questionnaire and individual, open ended conversations with six gamblers. The data was processed and analysed according to qualitative data processing and analysis procedures. Due to the gap in qualitative research in this particular area, specifically in the South African context, this research study has the potential to create a better understanding of the lived experience of gambling addiction through the shared experiences of participants.
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Murray, Daphne. "The impact of divorce on work performance of professional nurses in the tertiary hospitals of the Buffalo City municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/424.
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Divorce is a phenomenon that affects the emotional, physical and social wellbeing of the divorcees and those close to them. The situation becomes complicated if the affected person has a responsibility of providing caring and nurturing services to the sick, either as a manager or as a practitioner. The extent of how the impact of divorce affects the performance of professional nurses in their roles as carers and as managers was unknown. The nature and quality of services that they render to their patients, their coping strategies and the support systems were unknown. The purpose of the study was to describe and explore the impact of divorce on work performance of professional nurses at the East London Hospital Complex with the aim of ensuring high quality patient care. The objectives of the study were to: explore and describe the lived experiences of female divorced professional nurses with regard to the impact of divorce on their work performance; identify their coping strategies and their support systems. An exploratory descriptive and contextual qualitative research design was used. A phenomenological approach was used. The participants were twelve (12) divorced female professional nurses. The purposive and snowball sampling as non-probability sampling techniques were used. An interview guide was used to conduct the interviews. Audiotape was used for recording the data. Tesch’s steps (1990) of analyzing qualitative data guided the data analysis process. According to the lived experiences of the participants, divorce is traumatic and painful with emotional, physical, financial and social impact. It had a negative impact on the professional nurses’ work performance. The coping strategies included acceptance of the reality, studying, involvement with club and church activities. Support was available from the families, church, friends, and colleagues. Recommendations are that: the employee assistance program be marketed more effectively by hospital management and be included in the hospital, departmental and unit orientation programmes; that a dedicated psychologist, as well as preventive intervention programs, be made available to employees dealing with divorce.
15
Van, der Riet Mary Boudine. "Mediation and the nature of cognitive socialization in the crèche and the home in a black rural context." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002586.
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This thesis examines socialization in the homes and crèches of a rural area in a time of change. Change which is controlled and initiated from outside the local context, creates a dilemma for socialization agents when it introduces a knowledge paradigm different from that operating locally. Rural South African communities frequently experience exogenous change. The introduction of rural preschools, locally known as crèches, provides one example of such change challenging local socialization agents. While rural residents may not operate within knowledge paradigms to deal effectively with such change, they are not necessarily defeated by it. They "grapple" with the uncertainty, developing ways of coping and containing the change. This forms the focus of this thesis. Vygotsky's concept of mediation and conceptualization of the individual/society relationship, informs the examination of "grappling" with change. Two central questions are addressed: In an unfamiliar situation, what is mediated and what resources are drawn on? The research was designed around the recognition of the process nature of research, the constructivism inherent in research and the significance of the social context. Two central mediators, the mother and the crèche teacher, and the broader social context of the home and the creche, were examined. Three levels of investigation were utilised. An analysis of mediation in dyads working on an unfamiliar task provided insight into the social/psychological dynamics. Interviews with residents highlighted socialization beliefs and practices and the social context. Analysis of verses and stories taught to children revealed the inherent ideology of socialization. The main findings of this study are that: Rural residents "grapple" with social change by drawing on their own resources; in "grappling" with the unfamiliar what is mediated is an adult/child interactional status based on the inherent ideology of socialization and the dominant resource drawn on is the "culture of orality". It is argued that in the situation of neither mastery nor defeat, rural residents have used intermediary strategies of coping and containing the effect of the preschool as an agent of exogenous, social change. Recommendations are made for integrating "socialized" and "learned" knowledge from the home and the crèche.
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Evans, Amelia. "The subjective well-being and experience of life roles of white employed married mothers: a multiple case study." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/290.
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The number of women who choose to combine careers and traditional roles as mothers has been increasing steadily over the last number of years. As a result, the subjective wellbeing of these women has been the focus of many research projects over the last number of years. Subjective well-being has been defined in various ways by different authors. One definition describes subjective well-being as people's evaluations of their lives, which includes happiness, pleasant emotions, life satisfaction, and a relative absence of unpleasant moods and emotions. The current study, which took the form of a multiple case study, attempted to explore and describe White employed married mothers’ subjective experience of their well-being. The study also explored these women's experiences of combining the roles of employee and motherhood. The sample was obtained through the snowballing technique, and both qualitative (in-depth interviews) and quantitative techniques (two questionnaires - the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory) were utilized. The analysis of the data that was gathered was done by means of thematic and content analyses.
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Anthony, Romy Leigh. "A stress management module for shift workers." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1748.
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Thesis (MTech (Human Resources Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006Many people work shifts because of socio-economic considerations and for them stopping shift work is not a realistic option. Shift work can have a negative impact on the health and well being of workers. The reason for this is that in every individual's body there are many rhythms/cycles, which are designed for daytime work. When these rhythms are disrupted as in nightime work, they need time to adjust so that they may all function as one. These rhythms do not adjust instantaneously; therefore the impact on the body is negative. This in turn, leads to a reduction in performance attentiveness, as well as an increase in the risk of accidents and injuries. Most shift workers do not know how to adjust their lifestyle to minimise the negative effects of working around the clock as companies do not provide the required programmes for their well being, thus increasing the chance of suffering from stress. If this is so, then, not only will the well being of the individual or employee be disrupted, but so too will productivity, as well as the profits of the business. This therefore means that shift work could in the end diminish the economic gain it was designed to create. "A tailor-made shift system should be a compromise between the employer's goals, the wishes of employees, and ergonomic recommendations for the design of shift systems" (Knauth, 1997:21). According to Ahasan (2002:09): "Currently there is little information available in the literature that supports the effective design of shift schedules, which offer effective productivity levels, while maintaining the health and safety of shift workers", It therefore has to be realised that there is no ideal shift system, which is going to fully meet an organisations needs, as well as the well being, social and family needs of each and every single employee within the organisation. Employers and employees can work together in order to learn how to identify and control shift work hazards. Also, employees need to learn how to cope better with the demands of their work schedule. Due to the many disruptions encountered in their personal life, social life and physical well being, the existence of stressrelated illnesses is increased in shift workers. Employers may pick up signs of stress when the following factors are monitored on a regular basis, as well as investigated if and when variances occur:
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Hansjee, Jateen. "Abortion as disruption: discourses surrounding abortion in the talk of men." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002493.
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This research examines men’s talk around abortion using critical discourse analysis. Current literature indicates a dearth of studies addressing the topic of men and abortion in various domains. An understanding of men’s relationship to abortion, however, is crucial to understanding abortion as a social phenomenon. This study utilises the work of Foucault around discourse and power, as well as Butler’s work on gender to create a theoretical framework to approach data. Data were collected in the form of interview groups made up of men, as well as newspaper articles and on-line forum discussions that featured men as the author. What emerged from theses texts was a ‘Familial Discourse’ which posits the nuclear, heterosexual family as a long term relationship between a mother and father, which forms the ideal site to raise children. Discourses that support the family are a discourse of ‘Equal Partnership’ which establishes the man and the woman as being in a heterosexual relationship where each partner is seen to have equal power, and a discourse of ‘Foetal Personhood’ which constructs the foetus as a child in need of a family. Related to the heterosexual matrix, the formation of a family unit comes to be constructed as ‘natural’. Abortion acts as a disruptor to these discourses. By disrupting the formation of the family unit, abortion negatively affects the individuals involved. A relationship where a formation of a family unit was disrupted cannot survive. If the female partner has an abortion without her partner, it is seen as disrupting the equal partnership between the man and the woman. Men in this case see themselves as ‘powerless’ compared to women. From this point a ‘New Man’ discourse emerges, where men position themselves as loving and responsible in the context of a nuclear, heterosexual family unit. Abortion disrupts ‘Foetal Personhood’ and is constructed as murder. In the case of rape the ‘Familial Discourse’ can be invoked either to justify abortion or resist abortion, based on whether or not a family unit can be formed. These discourses reproduce patriarchy.
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Slabber, Hester Jacoba. "Psychological experiences of placement in correctional facilities within the Western Cape Province of South Africa : an exploratory study of incarcerated youth." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86493.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Focusing on the social-psychological level, where the focus is on negative relationships with others, Agnew’s General Strain Theory (GST) is internationally one of the most widely employed criminological theories explaining the onset and manifestation of youth offending. GST contends that youth are pressured into criminal behaviour by the negative affective states generated by negative relationships, which are characteristically defined as either aversive or not from the perspective of the youth; where especially anger motivates the youth to engage in maladaptive behaviour, resulting in maladaptive coping. Applying data from 81 incarcerated youth from three correctional centres located in the Western Cape province of South Africa, the study focussed on the criminogenic effects of four variables to explain youth offending under the auspices of GST: self-control (using the Self-Control Schedule [SCS]), coping (using the Coping Strategy Indicator [CSI]), perceived social support (using the Social Support Appraisal scale [SSA]) and anger (using the State-Trait Anger Scale [STAS]). Results displayed significant positive correlations between self-control and the use of problem-solving coping, followed by significant positive correlations between self-control and perceived social support from family members, significant positive correlations between anger and the use of avoidant coping, as well as significant positive correlations between self-control and the use of avoidant coping. The results furthermore displayed significant negative correlations between anger and self-control, followed by significant negative correlations between anger and perceived social support from family members and friends respectively. In addition, the problem-solving coping strategy emerged as a significant positive predictor of self-control, whereas the avoidant coping strategy emerged as a significant positive predictor of anger. Anger, however, emerged as a significant negative predictor of self-control, where the social support-seeking coping strategy emerged as a significant negative predictor of perceived social support from family members. Support for the possible application of Agnew’s GST to the context of South Africa was found and inferences made for the implications for intervention, where it was suggested that psychologists and social workers working with the rehabilitation of youth offenders consider the application of multisystem therapy (MST) with youth offenders, as MST aims to influence maladaptive behaviour by changing key aspects of the youth’s social context in ways that promote pro-social behaviour rather than maladaptive behaviour. The study concluded with a recommendation for further longitudinal research to gain a better understanding of the strain-crime relationship that influence youth to engage in maladaptive behaviour, as is mentioned in GST literature.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met fokus op die sosiaal-sielkundige vlak, veral op negatiewe verhoudings met ander, word Agnew se Algemene Spanningsteorie (AST) internasionaal as een van die mees gebruikte kriminologiese teorieë beskou, wat die ontstaan en die verskyning van jeugmisdaad verduidelik. AST beweer dat jeug druk ervaar om deel te neem aan kriminele gedrag as gevolg van die negatiewe affektiewe toestande wat deur negatiewe verhoudings bepaal word, wat kenmerkend gedefinieer word as óf negatief of nie uit die perspektief van die jeug; waar veral woede die jeug motiveer om betrokke te raak by wanaangepaste gedrag, wat lei tot wanaangepaste omgaan. Deur die toepassing van data van 81 jeuggevangenes van drie korrektiewe sentrums geleë in die Wes-Kaap provinsie van Suid-Afrika, het die studie gefokus op die kriminogeniese gevolge van vier veranderlikes wat jeugmisdaad onder leiding van AST verduidelik: selfbeheer (met behulp van die Selfbeheer Skedule [SCS]), omgaan (met behulp van die Omgaanstrategieskaal [CSI]), waargenome sosiale ondersteuning (met behulp van die Sosiale Ondersteuning Erkenningskaal [SSA]) en woede (met behulp van die State-Trait Woedeskaal [STAS]). Resultate vertoon beduidende positiewe korrelasie tussen selfbeheer en die gebruik van probleemoplossingsomgaan, gevolg deur 'n beduidende positiewe korrelasie tussen selfbeheer en vermeende sosiale ondersteuning van familielede, 'n beduidende positiewe korrelasie tussen woede en die gebruik van vermydingsomgaan, sowel as 'n beduidende positiewe korrelasie tussen selfbeheer en die gebruik van vermydingsomgaan. Die resultate vertoon verder 'n beduidende negatiewe korrelasie tussen woede en selfbeheer, gevolg deur 'n beduidende negatiewe korrelasie tussen woede en vermeende sosiale ondersteuning van familielede en vriende onderskeidelik, sowel as tussen waargenome sosiale ondersteuning van familielede en die gebruik van sosiale ondersteuningsoekende omgaan. Verder, met die regressie-ontleding het probleemoplossingsomgaan na vore gekom as 'n beduidende positiewe voorspeller van selfbeheer, terwyl vermydingsomgaan na vore gekom as 'n beduidende positiewe voorspeller van woede. Woede het egter na vore gekom as 'n beduidende negatiewe voorspeller van selfbeheer, waar die sosiale ondersteuningsomgaan na vore gekom het as 'n beduidende negatiewe voorspeller van waargenome sosiale ondersteuning van familielede. Ondersteuning vir die moontlike toepassing van Agnew se AST in die konteks van Suid-Afrika was gevind en afleidings gemaak vir die implikasies vir ingryping, waar dit voorgestel word dat sielkundiges of sosiale werkers, wat met die rehabilitasie van jeugmisdadigers werk, gebruik maak van multi-sisteem terapie (MST), aangesien MST die doel het om wanaangepaste gedrag te beïnvloed deur die verandering van die belangrikste aspekte van die jeug se sosiale konteks op maniere wat pro-sosiale gedrag, eerder as wanaangepaste gedrag, bevorder. Die studie het afgesluit met die voorstel dat verdere longitudinale navorsing aanbeveel word om 'n beter begrip van die spanning-misdaad verhouding te kry wat 'n invloed speel op jeug betrokkenheid by wanaangepaste gedrag, soos genoem in AST literatuur.
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Tati, Nomasango. "An exploratory study of the experiences of Black lesbian students in an institution of higher learning in the Western Cape-South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5503_1318845899.
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This study aims at exposing and challenging the effects of heterosexist assumptions that are prevalent in institutions of higher learning. It (study) further seeks to highlight and address the gaps that exist within the academic literature in South Africa with regards to homosexuality. Five students from an institution of higher learning in the Western Cape Province of South Africa with predominantly Black Students were used for this study. All the participants were Black students aged between 19 and 25 years who openly identify themselves as lesbians. Their participation was voluntary. A narrative approach was utilised as an attempt to afford the participants an opportunity to narrate their histories and personal experiences. This is a qualitative research approach which deals with personal stories that are told to describe human action and make sense of events that surround an individual. It involves getting a story from an individual who is identified as having some knowledge or experience with the topic of study. In an attempt to gain a better understanding and an insightful perspective into the personal narratives that were shared by the participants of this study, all their experiences will be put under the control of the thematic analysis.
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Msengana, Sweetlener Thobeka. "The lived experiences of HIV-positive women in poverty." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013269.
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The focus of this study was on the experiences of a small sample of local women who are HIVpositive and are living in poverty. The researcher was interested in exploring the psychological and social experiences of these women using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. This research aimed at giving these women a voice to express their first-hand, personal accounts of living with HIV in poverty. Data was analysed for meaningful units, which were interpreted inductively and hermeneutically, and categorised into super-ordinate themes. Six themes within the participants' experiences of living with HIV were determined, namely: (I) experiences of diagnosis, (2) disclosure experiences, (3) stigma, (4) ARV experiences, (5) experiences of social support and (6) poverty. This research found that after an HIV-positive diagnosis, most women experience a variety of emotional reactions. These reactions however seem to change overtime into positive acceptance of the HIV diagnosis. Most of the women in this study preferred to use partial disclosure than to fully disclose their HJV-positive status openly to families, friends and to their community. Reasons for not using full disclosure included fear of discrimination and stigma, which included a fear of being rejected or being blamed for their status and a fear of losing relationships. It was also evident from the findings that most of the women had experienced stigma directly and therefore partial disclosure was used as a coping mechanism to protect the self from further harm. It was also revealed that stigma not only has a negative impact on disclosure but also on social support and ARV experiences. Because ofHIV-related stigma, lack of social support was a struggle that almost all the women in this study had experienced. Lack of understandings about their medication also had a negative impact of the ARV experiences. Stigmas along with poverty are the major struggles that HIV -positive women have to deal with in their day to day living. The findings of this study reveal a need for further research in this experiential area as well as campaigns and education around issues such as stigma, medication, and emotional difficulties associated with HIV.
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Nel, René. "An industrial psychological review of factors and barriers that are keeping women from reaching top positions in the modern workplace." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53267.
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Darney, Christine Kyle. "The experience and aftermath of chronic bullying on individuals' socio-emotional development." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1214.
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Bullying behaviour is fast becoming a common feature in schools around the world. It is a practice that provokes concern, as it infringes upon the child’s right to human dignity, privacy, freedom and security. The physical, emotional and educational consequences of bullying behaviour can never be underestimated (Oyaziwo, 2008). Limited research has been conducted in South Africa regarding the prevalence and possible long-term effects of chronic bullying at school. This study intended to explore and describe the prevalence of bullying behaviour among a sample of grade 8 learners and the prevalence of previous chronic bullying at school among a sample of young adults in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. In addition, the study aimed to explore and describe the relationship between chronic bullying at school and self-esteem and attachment styles. Finally, the contextual factors which may influence the outcomes of chronic bullying for victims were explored and described. The study was exploratory descriptive in nature and employed a mixed method research design. Participants were selected by means of non-probability sampling. The sample consisted of 225 grade 8 learners at a secondary school in the Nelson Mandela Metropole and 101 young adult participants who had completed their school education in the Nelson Mandela Metropole within the past sixteen years. Data on the demographics of the sample was gathered through the administration of a biographical questionnaire. Furthermore, the Olweus (1996) Bully/Victim Questionnaire was utilized in order to obtain information about the prevalence of bullying behaviours among the participants. James Battle’s (1981) Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventories were used to measure the construct of self-esteem, and Bartholomew and Horowitz’ (1991) Relationship Questionnaire was employed in order to identify the participants’ current attachment styles. Individual semi-structured interviews were later conducted among a sub-set of young adult participants, who had experienced chronic bullying at school, in order to identify the contextual factors which may have influenced the xiii outcomes of their experiences of victimization. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including correlations and multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), were utilized in order to analyze the quantitative data. Key findings revealed that eighty-five percent of the grade 8 participants had been involved in bullying behaviours at school this year and ninety-one percent of the young adult participants had been involved in bullying behaviours during some stage of their school careers. No significant relationship was found to exist between bullying and self-esteem in the grade 8 sample. Self-esteem scores did however vary significantly among the victims, bully-victims and bystanders in the young adult sample. Correlational coefficients confirmed that there was a significant relationship between previous chronic bullying at school and the total self-esteem scores of participants in the young adult sample. Findings also showed that there was no significant relationship between bullying and attachment in either of the samples in this study. Finally, qualitative results revealed that a number of contextual factors influenced the outcomes of chronic bullying at school for the sub-set of young adult victims. These factors included: The nature, frequency and duration of the bullying behaviour, the victims’ social support at the time as well as the victims’ personal characteristics.
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Currin, Lisa Natalie. "A journey with an abused child : a non-directive play therapy perspective." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/434.
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The extensive amount of research conducted in the field of family violence internationally indicates that child abuse has a detrimental effect on both the physical and emotional development of children as well as having a profound effect on an individual’s psychological development and functioning in adult life. The aim of this research study was to describe the therapeutic process that unfolded with a seven year old allegedly abused female client within the framework of non-directive play therapy. The case was further contextualised utilising Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. This study served to broaden the body of psychotherapeutic knowledge by means of meaningful qualitative enquiry. The client was referred for therapy because of severe emotional and behavioural problems following the alleged sexual abuse. The client was seen over a period of eight months and this included 11 sessions of non-directive play therapy, three parent interviews and psychometric assessments conducted by a colleague. The case study method was utilised in this study. To achieve the aim of the research, the methodology of choice was the descriptive dialogic case study. A purposive sampling technique was used in the selection of the research subject for this study. The data collection and analysis were conducted according to Yin’s (1994) analytical generalisation, which consists of two main strategies: (a) using a theoretical framework as a guide to determine what data is relevant; and (b) developing a matrix as a descriptive framework for organising and integrating the data. Furthermore, the process of data analysis was aided by the use of guidelines proposed by Irving Alexander (1988) with Axline’s non-directive play therapy and Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development as the theoretical frameworks. The findings of this study suggest that plotting the play therapy sessions according to the framework of the four stages of play therapy was a particularly useful tool to monitor Michelle’s progression through the therapeutic process. This can be seen as a valuable application of a tool which can be used within the non-directive play therapy approach. Contextualising Michelle’s development according to the stages of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development was also found to be a valuable endeavour. According to her chronological age, Michelle should have been in the fourth stage of industry versus inferiority, but in reality Michelle was still struggling to strike a healthy balance between the terms of conflict of trust versus mistrust issues of the first stage. From a therapeutic point, this was an important exercise as it helped to inform the therapist and consequently, the therapeutic process. This research undertaking can be recognised as a positive demonstration of the value of non-directive play therapy (Virginia Axline) and Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development in the therapeutic process. In addition, this study has served to facilitate a more holistic understanding of the case study approach to research. Recommendations regarding future research undertakings that utilise the case study approach and methodology have been made. Key concepts: child abuse; family violence; non-directive play therapy; Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development; analytical generalisation; case study research.
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Yatt, Siobhan. "Divorce therapy for preschool children." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10408.
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"The effects of parental divorce on adolescent girls in South Africa : an exploratory study of current status." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5580.
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M.A.The alarming increase of single parent families in South Africa is distressing. The rising divorce rate and the crisis surrounding divorce was the motivation for the researcher to undertake this study. Many children in South Africa are disadvantaged by the high divorce rate and much documented evidence proves the extensive sociological and psychological effects which this has on these children. Research has shown over and again that divorce is observed from a child's perspective as being stressful. (Wallerstein & Kelly, 1974) It has also been shown that many children are adversely affected by divorce. However the extent to which they are affected depends on various elements, such as age of the child, time since divorce, sex of the child and developmental stage of the child, to mention but a few. The goals of this study were formulated in a response to the need for the eventual development of a support program for adolescent girls experiencing the divorce of their parents. The aim of this study was to select a sample of adolescent girls and interview them by means of a semi-structured interview in order to hear their experiences of their parents' divorces. Research has shown that boys from divorced families are affected differently to girls from divorced families and hence the researcher chose to interview only females so as to exclude any extraneous variables. (Wallerstein & Blakeslee, 1989) The reason for choosing the stage of adolescence in particular is due to the fact that it represents a critical period in the establishment of the self-concept, due to all the changes that accompany adolescence. Adolescence is complicated if it is experienced without the security and care of a stable family structure and the support of both parents. The emotional stability of the single parent and their dealing with single parenthood influences the adolescent and his or her self-concept to a large extent. This study was undertaken within the framework of a qualitative study and qualitative methods of data collection were applied. The research design integrated exploratory, descriptive and evaluative methods. The phenomenon of divorce with specific reference to the effects it has on adolescents and aspects pertaining to the phenomena of coping with parental divorce, were identified and discussed.
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"Begeleiding aan volwassenes wie se ouers tydens hul kinderjare geskei is, deur die proses van fasiliterende interaksie." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7020.
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D.Ed.Die motivering vir hierdie navorsing is die besef dat egskeiding 'n proses is wat noodwendig krisis en wanbalans in die lewens van alle betrokkenes in die gesin tot gevolg het. Dit kan die gesinslede etlike jare neem om weer aan te pas en selfvertroue in hul nuwe rolle en verhoudings te kry. Alle egskeidings word gekenmerk deur een belangrike eienskap, naamlik verandering. Sommige veranderings begin voor die fisieke skeiding en ander duur voort tot lank na die egskeiding. Verandering kan die klimaat in die gesin verbeter of verswak, maar dit dwing kinders altyd om aan te pas. Die sielkundige effek van egskeiding op kinders behoort dus op twee vlakke beskou te word. Die eerste vlak van verandering is waar kinders aanpas by die omwenteling wat die egskeiding meebring. In-diepte navorsing is reeds hieroor gedoen en toon dat die onmiddellike aanpassing na egskeiding vir kinders minder spanningsvol is — veral indien daar minder konflik en ontwrigting teenwoordig is. Die tweede vlak van verandering behels kinders se langtermyn-sielkundige aanpassing. Uit die literatuur is dit duidelik dat daar baie geskryf en gedoen is om ouers en kinders onmiddellik na hierdie krisis by te staan. Daar is egter min navorsing gedoen oor die langtermyneffek van egskeiding op kinders se lewens en hoe die egskeiding moontlik tydens volwassenheid onverwerkte trauma en emosionele probleme kan veroorsaak. Die navorser het die veld met haar eie stone as vertrekpunt betree. Hierna is fenomenologiese onderhoude met tien volwassenes tussen die ouderdomme van 28 en 35 jaar gevoer. Hul belewenis van hul ouers se egskeiding, wat tydens hul kinderjare plaasgevind het, is verken en beskryf. Die resultate toon dat hierdie volwassenes steeds worstel met onverwerkte wonde uit hul kinderjare, voortspruitend uit hul ouers se egskeidings. Hierdie onverwerkte wonde uit hul kinderjare het tot struikelblokke gelei wat hul verhoudings met hulself en met ander negatief beInvloed. Gevolglik is die geestesgesondheid van hierdie volwassenes nie bevorder nie en kon heelheid nie ervaar word nie. Hierdie navorsing het gelei tot die ontwikkeling van 'n model vir opvoedkundige sielkundiges om, tydens die proses van fasiliterende interaksie, volwassenes wie se ouers tydens hul kinderjare geskei is, tot heelheid te begelei ten einde geestesgesondheid te ervaar. Die ontwikkeling van die model het in vier stappe geskied. In Stap 1 is konsepte geldentifiseer, gedefinieer en geklassifiseer nadat die veldwerk afgehandel is. Guba se model is oorkoepelend gebruik om vertrouenswaardigheid in die kwalitatiewe metodologie te verseker. Dit verwys na die geloofwaardigheid, oordraagbaarheid, vertroubaarheid en bevestigbaarheid van die navorsing. In Stap 2 is die verhoudingstelling van konsepte gedoen, waarna Stap 3 gevolg het, wat die beskrywing van die model behels het. Riglyne om die model te operasionaliseer is in Stap 4 gestel. Stappe 3 en 4 is geIntegreer en is nie afsonderlik bespreek nie. Die model is gerig op die begeleiding aan volwassenes wie se ouers tydens hul kinderjare geskei is, deur die proses van fasiliterende interaksie. Tydens hierdie proses word die volwassenes begelei om die struikelblokke wat die egskeiding gelaat het, te identifiseer, hulle persoonlike hulpbronne optimaal te ontwikkel en hulle ware self te ontdek, tot persoonlike insig te kom en outonomie te verkry ten einde heelheid te ervaar en geestesgesond te leef.
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Boon, Christine. "Women coping with divorce through social support." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15469.
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This study investigates the role of social support in women coping with divorce in mid
life. Five women were interviewed and a qualitative analysis undertaken, in order to
explore the subjective experience of social support during the period of separation and
divorce, and its effect on post-divorce adjustment. In particular, the usefulness of
formal support groups was examined. It was found that most of the women derived perceived
social support from friends and female family members, as well as from their church membership
and work environment. It appeared that social support facilitated adjustment in several
ways, but most notably in providing esteem support and emotional support which enabled personal
growth. All of the women felt that they had developed a sense of their own identity through
the process of divorce. Support groups were found to be potentially effective in providing
assistance in dealing with emotional issues such as anger and forgiveness, as well as
practical and informational support. Such groups might also provide a temporary community
where divorced women can interact with other people who are experiencing the same things, thereby
freeing them to grieve.
The study illuminated the subjective, often unique experience of separation and divorce;
this emphasises the challenge for support groups to offer support which addresses this
uniqueness.Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
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Pretorius, Anlia. "Die effek van 'n beheer-en-toesig hofgeding op voorskoolse kinders." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6770.
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M.Litt. et Phil.Divorce has become a widespread phenomenon in modern society. The high divorce figures indicate a change of attitude in society. Today divorce has become a highly probable and accepted event with fewer stigmas attached to it. For children, the divorce of their parents is a totally unplanned life event over which they have little or no control. It can therefore be defined as a non-normative idiosyncratic life event. This event inevitably leads to stress and can have certain deleterious, but also positive, effects on children. The specific effects that a child experiences will be determined by an interaction of variables, viz. his personality and temperament, the environment and his family home. Riegel (1975) states that development evolves out of crises which can therefore be constructive and have significant meaning. If the child can adapt and work through the event of divorce constructively the divorce can lead to growth, and not necessarily to stagnation and more problems. In the litigation of custody some development has taken place. Traditionally, young children were placed in the custody of their mothers, and the judges who did the assignments depended on information which was obtained from the parents. This resulted in decisions which were not always in the best interests of the children. To assist the judges in the placement of children, family advocates were appointed, thus fulfilling the requirements of the Act on Mediation in Certain Divorce Matters, (Act 24 of 1987). The task of the family advocate is to act as a watchdog on behalf of minors who have been subjected to divorce and subsequent litigation over custody disputes. Custody disputes cause tension and uncertainty for the children involved. The family advocate ensures that the children are exposed to as little disruption as possible during the litigation process, and also sees to it that the proposed ruling in connection with the children is in their best interests. The motivation for this research stems from the developments which have taken place regarding the placement of children after divorce where a custody dispute erupts, as well as those regarding the functions and purpose of the family advocate in the process. Questions can be raised as to whether the system of family advocates succeeds in its primary aim to act on behalf of the children, and whether the children involved in a custody dispute are not subjected to more stress as a result of the litigation. As few study regarding these questions has been done and many new questions have evolved, an exploratory study was conducted on the subject. The aim of this study was to evaluate children with respect to three variables, namely, 1) positive self regard 2) loyalty conflict between biological parents 3) depression. These evaluations were done on three groups, namely, 1) children in a nuclear family, 2) children in a single-parent family where divorce had occurred, and 3) children in a family where a custody dispute had taken place. A non-experimental method of research was used. To test the specific hypotheses the following test instruments were used: Bene-Anthony family relations, Draw a Person Test (D.A.P.), and Draw a Family Test (D.A.F.). The conclusions of the study are, firstly, that children in nuclear families do have higher self regard than children from single-parent divorced families, but these latter, in turn, do not have higher self regard than those from custody dispute families. Furthermore, children from nuclear families do not have less loyalty conflict than children from single-parent divorced families, but these latter do have less loyalty conflict than those from custody dispute families. Finally, children from nuclear families do suffer less from depression • than children from single-parent divorced families, but these latter do not have less depression than those from custody dispute families. As this was merely an exploratory study only tendencies can be deduced from the results. Further studies will require larger and better controlled samples. Further research and development in the field of custody litigation is necessary so that the whole family, and especially the children, can use this life crisis as an opportunity for growth.
30
Meyer, Karin. "Egskeidingsterapie vir laerskoolkinders." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7473.
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M.A.The aim of this study is to develop a divorce therapy program to support children of divorce. The programme is discussed in an attempt at evaluating whether children of divorced families are being supported in terms of their view of the reality of the situation as well as coping with the divorce. Divorce is described as an idiosyncratic life event that causes confusion and fear for all those involved. The affected child is a victim of these circumstances in that he has no control over the decisions that are made and are forced into a position where he is obliged to accept whatever others decide. The child's fear and needs are being ignored. These children have poor self concepts and experience conflict regarding their family concept. This programme was designed as an attempt at supporting children during these difficult periods and involves a comprehensive therapy. In order to accommodate the withdrawn child, the therapy is presented in the context of a group. The child finds it easier to cope if he realizes that he is not the only one whose parents are going through divorce. The child normally experiences feelings of shyness and embarrassment pertaining to the divorce, and regards himself as an outsider at school, and in his peer group. The child who is able to share his feelings with other children who experiences similar feelings will be able to better cope with his situation. The child often feels guilt and blames himself for the divorce. Such feelings are intensified if the parents fail to inform him about the impending divorce. This program offers the child an opportunity to discuss his feelings with other children, and to realise that he is not the only child subjected to divorce. Family concept difficulties occur as a result of the changed family circumstances, which difficulties are of such a nature that the child cannot solve same without professional assistance. In certain instances children attempt to solve their unbearable circumstances by fantasizing about the reconciliation of their parents, and the restoration of a normal and happy family life. This despite the fact that their parents are involved in a second marriage. Loyalty conflicts with associated guilt feelings arise due to the fact that children feel torn between their parents, and are of the view that they are obliged to choose between the parents. The ideal is to teach the child coping mechanisms to cope with the divorce and to support the child at this critical stage of his life.
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Woudstra, Marinda Ronel. "'n Opvoedkundig-sielkundige benadering tot die gesin-in-egskeiding." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7611.
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D.Ed.World-wide, as well as in South Africa, divorce is on the increase. Divorce appears to be an intensely emotional experience, whilst the problems of families in the process of divorce are unique in each instance. The trauma resulting from divorce is intensified when disputes arise over the distribution of property, the payment of maintenance, and custody of and access to children. Three questions for research arise, namely: "How do the members of a family in the process of divorce interact in their daily lives? How will an educational psychologist's knowledge of this contribute towards a conceptual framework in order to diminish the trauma of divorce and to facilitate adjustment after divorce? and "In what way can the educational psychologist make a contribution in custody disputes that will be in the best interests of the children?" The purpose of this research is, therefore, to examine and describe the process of divorce, to utilise this information to develop an educational-psychological approach towards families in the process of divorce, and, thirdly, to formulate guidelines for handling custody disputes. This qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research focusses on the lives of four groups of respondents in the divorce situation, namely divorced adults, children under the age of 8 years, adolescents whose parents have already divorced, and adolescents from homes where the marriage is in the process of breaking up. The research was carried out in three phases. Phase one comprised the exploration and description of the process of divorce, and this data was used in phase two to generate an approach for educational psychologists. In phase three guidelines were developed for an educational-psychological approach to families in the process of divorce. During phase one the collection of data was done by using explorative multiple case studies. The data was analysed using Giorgi's phenomenological approach and Kerlinger's guidelines for a content analysis. To further augment the data a review of the literature and comparison of the information with similar research has been done. Various themes were identified with regard to divorce as phenomenon and the way the different parties experienced and coped with divorce. During phase two these themes were highlighted as areas that should form part of an educational-psychological approach to families in divorce. During phase three guidelines were developed down for the handling of families-in-divorce. The focus had been especially on the role of the educational psychologist as therapist, mediator end evaluator before, during and after the divorce. Emphasis was specifically placed on the interests of the children, which should take precedence. Criteria for the determination of the best interests of children were also developed. This research aims at contributing to a better understanding of families-in-divorce and also provides a comprehensive approach with guidelines for an educational-psychological approach with regard to divorce referrals.
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Henig, Leonie Fanny. "Four fathers' experiences of parental alienation." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/12066.
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During the past few decades there has been a breakdown in the commitment to long term relationships, with no fault divorce laws making it easier for couples to obtain a divorce resulting in increase in divorce rates. Research has shown that in acrimonious divorces with high levels of conflict children often get caught in the middle of their parents’ enduring battles. These children are often prevented from or encouraged not to have contact with their non residential parent. The term parental alienation is used to describe this phenomenon. A qualitative study focusing on the personal experiences of South African fathers who seem to be victims of parental alienation, will be examined and discussed from the perspective of systems theory.Psychology
M.A. ( Psychology)
33
Henig, Leonie Fanny. "Four fathers' expeiences of parental alienation." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/12066.
Full textAbstract:
During the past few decades there has been a breakdown in the commitment to long term relationships, with no fault divorce laws making it easier for couples to obtain a divorce resulting in increase in divorce rates. Research has shown that in acrimonious divorces with high levels of conflict children often get caught in the middle of their parents’ enduring battles. These children are often prevented from or encouraged not to have contact with their non residential parent. The term parental alienation is used to describe this phenomenon. A qualitative study focusing on the personal experiences of South African fathers who seem to be victims of parental alienation, will be examined and discussed from the perspective of systems theory.Psychology
M.A. ( Psychology)
34
Combrinck, Candice. "Experiences of professionals in drafting and implementing parenting plans in high-conflict separation and divorce matters in South Africa." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14317.
Full textAbstract:
This study focused on the experiences of professionals in drafting and implementing parenting plans with high-conflict separating and divorcing families in the South African context. The primary aim of the study was to explore the participants’ personal and professional experiences through an in-depth and sensitive inquiry. The data was collected from five participants using face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of this study indicate that professionals experience various challenges when working with high-conflict separating and divorcing families. The participants also shared their perceptions regarding parenting plans. Further research on the challenges specific to drafting and implementing parenting plans with high-conflict separating and divorcing families in the South African context is recommendedPsychology
M.A. (Clinical Psychology)
35
Downing, Vicky Bernadette. "The effectiveness of bibliotherapy in group therapy to assist pre-adolescents in dealing with bereavement after divorce." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13323.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliotherapy has been used as a therapeutic technique to assist clients to deal with a range of different issues in group as well as individual contexts. In this study, bibliotherapy has been used as an intervention to help six pre-adolescent children in a group setting deal with bereavement following their parents’ divorce. A qualitative research design has been implemented in which an individual pre-therapy interview was conducted with each participant to determine their issues related to their parents’ divorces, coping strategies employed as well as level of English proficiency before an appropriate book was selected. After five group sessions in which bibliotherapy and associated activities were used, each participant was interviewed individually to determine the success of the use of bibliotherapy in this intervention. According to the results, bibliotherapy can be successful in a group context to help pre-adolescents deal with their parents’ divorce.Psychology of Education
M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)
36
Mbedzi, Rembuluwani Paul. "Policy and practice guidelines for social work services to divorced persons : social workers' and service users' experience-based perspectives." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24799.
Full textAbstract:
The drastic readjustments brought on by the ending of a love relationship make divorce one of the most stressful events that divorced persons may face. Divorced persons often experience the negative consequences of divorce including, amongst others, an increased level of unhappiness, greater physical and psychological distress, less support systems, lower life satisfaction,
elevated risk of suicide, asocial behavioural problems, and a decline in the standard of living. Therefore, expounding on the nature of social work services to divorced persons and determining divorced persons’ needs with regard to social work services were of critical importance in order to develop guidelines that would inform social work practice and social welfare policies.
A qualitative research approach was employed, guided by an explorative, descriptive, and contextual research design. A sample of 20 participants, comprising10 divorced persons (males and females) from different ethnic groups and 10 social workers employed at different organisations (including governmental, non- governmental and private practice) in the
Gauteng Province of South Africa, was drawn through purposive and snowball sampling. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews and analysed following Tesch’s eight steps (in Creswell 2009:186) framework. Guba’s model (Krefting 1991:215-222) was applied for data verification.
Amongst others, the study found that divorced persons experience loneliness, stigma, financial hardships, lack of support, loss of self-esteem and companionship, loss of trust in the opposite sex, anger, regret, suicidal thoughts, rejection, challenges related to children, and post-divorce adjustments. Most of the divorced persons did not know about the social work services available to them. There are social workers employed at different organisations who provide mediation and parenting plan services to divorced persons, but most of them do not deal with cases related to divorced persons. Although there are social workers who believe that the counselling services provided to divorced persons are helpful, most of them were
not entirely satisfied and feel that they could do more by involving group work and community work methods of social work practice.
Based on the research findings, recommendations pertaining to social work practice, social work
training and education, social welfare policy, and further research were put forward.Social Work
PhD. (Social Work)
37
Pienaar, Rocher. "Die invloed van egskeiding op die skolastiese en sportprestasie van sekondêre-skoolleerlinge." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12913.
Full text
38
De, Klerk Willem Christian. "Rekonstruksie van lewe na egskeiding." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/582.
Full textAbstract:
Text in Afrikaans with summaries in Afrikaans and EnglishDespite the fact that many people in South Africa are affected by divorce, not much research is done on divorce recovery. This study on divorce recovery is shaped by a feminist theological perspective and a postmodem social constructionist discourse. As qualitative research, narrative group work was embarked on over a period of a year with five women who went through divorce. Through therapeutic letters different themes emerged. These themes formed the focus for each chapter and are enriched by relevant literature reflections. In the first chapter the stark reality of divorce in South Africa, the discursive positioning, epistemology and research methodology are discussed, and the stories of the participants are told. Divorce is deconstructed by the participants as resistance to patriarchy and not only an interpersonal crisis. The majority of claimants in divorce cases in South Africa are women. The dominant oppressive biblical discourse that divorce is always sin is reconstructed. An alternative religious discourse is co-constructed amongst the participants: that divorce under certain circumstances is God's will for women who are caught in humiliating and oppressive marriages. The various spheres of life that women reconstruct after divorce are discussed. These include: • practical matters such as the legal proceedings, housing and finances • emotional reconstruction where emotions such as fear. senses of guilt, and rage from a feminist perspective view are discussed. • reconstruction of social relations which includes aspects such as the relation with the former husband, family, new male friends and children • spiritual reconstruction which includes a feminist perspective on the Bible, sin, the will of God, and also a divorce ritual • the reconstruction of identity. Finally the five participants' reconsructed stories are told.
Ten spyte daarvan dat baie mense in Suid-Afrika deur egskeiding geraak word, word daar nie veel navorsing oor egskeidingsherstel gedoen nie. Hierdie studie oor egkeidingsherstel word gedoen vanuit 'n feministies teologiese perspektief en 'n sosiale konstruksieteorie diskoers. Oor 'n tydperk van 'n jaar is deur middel van kwalitatiewe navorsing saam met vyf vroue wat deur egskeiding geraak is, groepswerk gedoen. Uit die terapeutiese briewe wat geskryf is het verskillende temas uitgekristalliseer. Hierdie temas het die grondslag gevorm vir elke hoofstuk wat deur 'n relevante literatuurstudie aangevul is. In die eerste hoofstukke word die harde werklikhede van egskeiding, die diskoersposionering, epistemologie en navorsingsmetodiek bespreek. Die verhale van die deelnemers word vertel. Egskeiding word deur die deelnemers dekonstrueer as weerstand teen patriargie en nie net 'n interpersoonlike krisis nie. Die meerderheid eisers in egskeidingsgedinge in Suid-Afrika is vroue. Die onderdrukkend dominante Bybelse diskoers dat egskeiding altyd sonde is word rekonstrueer. 'n Alternatiewe godsdienstige diskoers, dat egskeiding vir vroue wat in vernederende en onderdrukkend huwelik vasgevang is, onder sekere omstandighede die wil van God kan wees, word saam met die deelnemers rekonstrueer. Die verskillende lewensterreine wat vroue na egskeiding rekonstrueer, word bespreek. Dit sluit in: • praktiese aangeleenthede soos die regsproses, behuising en finansies • emosionele rekonstruksie wat emosies soos angs, skuldgevoelens en woede word vanuit 'n feministiese perspektiefbespreek • spirituele rekonstruksie wat 'n feministiese perspektief op die Bybel, sonde, die wil van God en 'n egskeidingsritueel insluit • die rekonstruksie van identiteit Ten slotte word die vyf deelnemers se nuwe verhale vertel.
Practical Theology
D.Th. (Pastoral Therapy)
39
Themistocleous, Nicola. "Child care and contact evaluations : psychologists' contributions to the problem-determined divorce process in South Africa." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23273.
Full textAbstract:
Disputes concerning care and contact arrangements for the minor children of divorcing couples present special challenges for professionals in the legal and psychological professions. Care and contact (custody) disputes, which are complex undertakings, are a point of debate in the professional arena in South Africa. Clinical psychologists are often included in the professional cohort that assists the high court, as the upper guardian of minor children, in the decision making process regarding contested care arrangements of children. This field is further challenged by the lack of training programmes and practice guidelines, the intense adversarial nature of disputes and litigation processes, as well as the increase in board complaints levelled against psychologists at the Health Professions Council of South Africa. These challenges contribute to the reluctance of psychologists to become involved in care and contact matters. This study therefore aimed first to explore the current practices and contributions of clinical psychologists in care and contact disputes in South Africa, and second to evaluate the procedures used by clinical psychologists to inform their recommendations to the court. In such matters, clinical psychologists adhere to the best interest of the child (BIC) principle. The final aim of the study was to identify and propose guidelines for a model of better practice. The study was guided by a Constructivist Epistemology and a Social Constructionist paradigmatic framework. A qualitative research approach was employed. Data were collected through face- to-face interviews with clinical psychologists and advocates and were analysed using Thematic Network Analysis of Attride-Stirling. The findings, which indicated that that the practices of psychologists are plenteous, revealed significant shortfalls in current practices. In addition, the findings designated that creating a universal model for care and contact evaluations to fit with the legal professions’ empiricist tendency poses a paradigmatic dilemma and a practical challenge. A position of observer-dependence and a reflective position on the part of the psychologist is instead indicated.Psychology
Ph. D. (Psychology)
40
Du, Toit Jeanette. "Die opvoeding van die kleuter in die enkelouergesin." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9189.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.According to the Report on Marriage and Divorce (Department of Internal Affairs 1981: report no. 07/02/15), 17 065 cases of divorce were recorded among the white population of South Africa in the above mentioned year. A total of 22 167 minor children were involved. Statistics therefore indicate that many children today find themselves in broken homes, where the full responsibility of child rearing rests on single parents. Single parents who, because of internal and external factors are not always fully capable of accepting and answering to this responsibility. Problems are usually vaguely associated with single parent families. This study was intended to clarify the specific educational problems of the single parent family. With the aid of six socio-pedagogic categories a deeper perspective into the single parent situation was gained. The research covered a theoretical study of the relevant literature and the formulation of a number of criteria to evaluate the quality of educative support rendered to the toddler in the home, as primary educational situation. From these criteria a structured questionnaire was formulated, by means of which the views of 21 single parent mothers residing in Alberton, Boksburg and Germiston were ascertained ...
41
Jakobsen, Marikje. "Gebruik van die ontwikkelingsgefasiliteerde groepmodel vir egskeidingsgetraumatiseerde adolessente." Diss., 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17000.
Full textAbstract:
Text in AfrikaansDie Ontwikkelingsgefasiliteerde Groepmodel (OFG-model) is vir die doeleindes van hierdie navorsingstudie aangepas vir adolessente tussen die ouderdom van vyftien en agtien jaar. Die model is gebruik om die betekenisgewing, belewing en die betrokkenheid van 'n groep adolessente wat egskeidingsgetraumatiseerd is te ondersoek. 'n Literatuurstudie is onderneem waarin groepterapie, multikulturele terapie, die adolessent en egskeiding, en die konsepte betekenisgewing, belewing en betrokkenheid nagevors is. 'n Empiriese studie in die vorm van twaalf terapie sassies om die betekenisgewing,belewing, betrokkenheid van die adolessente te ondersoek, is onderneem. Die navorser stel ook vas hoe die proses van terapie met 'n groep multikulturele adolessente verloop. 'n Beplanning van die terapie sessies is gedoen. Ten einde die vertroubaarheid van die navorsing te bepaal, is Guba se model van vertroubaarheid toegepas. Die empiriese studie toon aan dat die Ontwikkelingsgefasiliteerde Groepmodel, terapeuties met sukses gebruik kan word met 'n groep multikulturele adolessente. Die betekenisgewing, belewing, betrokkenheid en die selfkonsep van egskeidingsgetraumatiseerde adolessente kan op die wyse ondersoek word.
The Developmental Facilitation Group Model (DFG-Model) was adapted for the purposes of this research study for adolescents between fifteen and eighteen years of age. The model was used to examine the meaning, experience, and involvement of a group of adolescents traumatised by divorce. A literature study was undertaken to research group therapy, multicultural therapy, the adolescent and divorce and the concepts of meaning, experience, and involvement. An empirical study in the form of twelve therapeutic sessions was undertaken to examine the meaning, experience, and involvement of the adolescents. The researcher also determined how the process of therapy evolved with a group of multicultural adolescents. The therapeutic sessions were planned. To determine the reliability of the research, Guba's model for reliability was applied. The empirical study shows that the Developmental Facilitation Group Model can be used successfully with a group of multicultural adolescents. The meaning, experience, involvement and self-concept of the adolescents traumatised by divorce can be determined in this way.
Psychology of Education
M. Ed. (Voorligting)
42
Kotzé, Chané. "Die kind se psigologiese belewenis van die ouer se nuwe lewensmaat na `n egskeiding." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/921.
Full textAbstract:
Text in AfrikaansApproximately 50 percent of all marriages end up in divorce according to estimates. Thirty percent of divorcees enter into wedlock again within one year from being divorced, thereby creating a reconstructed family. The child in the late middle childhood years experiences some unique challenges during the reconstruction of the family due to influences such as the parent-child relationship, parenting styles and the start of puberty. The purpose of this qualitative study is to determine the child's psychological experience within the reconstructed family and to provide guidelines to parents (and co-therapists) on how to deal with children during the reconstruction process. The qualitative method of research was applied as it is a more informal research procedure and the boundaries of the study subject are reasonably wide and undefined. The method provides an adaptable strategy regarding problem formulation and data collection, which allow semi-structured interviews, observations and field notes, and enable the researcher to obtain first hand knowledge and understanding of the problem.
Social Work
M. Diac.(Play Therapy)
43
Zwarts, Hannelie Louise. "Implementering van groepsterapie by adolessente koshuisdogters, waarvan die ouers geskei is." Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17885.
Full textAbstract:
Text in AfrikaansHierdie studie handel oor die implementering van groepsterapie met adolessente koshuisdogters, waarvan die ouers geskei is. Die navorser het bevind dat die meeste koshuisdogters se probleme nie in een dag per week, deur 'n diensdoenende onderwyser in die koshuis aangespreek kan word nie. Hierdie bevinding het die vraag laat ontstaan of groepsterapie in die koshuis geimplementeer kan word. Daar was nie voldoende literatuur in sake groepsterapie by normale kinders nie en daarom is 'n loodsstudie van stapel gestuur. Die doelstelling van die studie is om groepsterapie te implementeer by adolessente koshuisdogters. Daar was baie koshuisdogters, waarvan die ouers geskei is, en daarom is die steekproef verder verfyn. 'n Praktiese handleiding, insluitende werkkaarte, is saamgestel sodat groepsterapie vir enige Opvoedkundige Sielkundige toeganklik kan wees. Die groepsterapie is prakties geimplementeer. Die navorsing bevestig dat groepsterapie met adolessente koshuisdogters, waarvan die ouers geskei is, geimplementeer kan word.
This study deals with the implementation of group therapy with adolescent girls in hostels, whose parents are divorced. The researcher came to the conclusion that teachers, who do duty in the hostel, once a week, cannot give enough attention to those girls who have problems. This conclusion raised the question of whether it would be feasible to implement group therapy in the hostel. There was insufficient literature, concerning group therapy with normal children, and therefore the researcher initiated a pilot study. The aim of the study was to implement group therapy with adolescent girls in the hostel. There were many girls in the hostel whose parents were divorced and so the sample was further curtailed. A practical manual including worksheets were compiled to be easily accessible to any Educational Psychologist doing group therapy. The group therapy was practically implemented and confirmed that group therapy can be implemented.
Psychology of Education
M. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde (Voorligting))
44
Patrick, Louise Copeland. "Boys' experience of an absent father: a gestalt therapeutic description." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2497.
Full textAbstract:
Summary
With the rise of the divorce rate and the decline of the nuclear family, boys are more frequently being deprived of a father-presence in their homes. The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore and describe boys' experiences of their relationships with their absent fathers. Three boys from different racial and cultural groups were chosen as case studies and worked with from a Gestalt Play Therapy Perspective. Data was gathered from the therapeutic sessions, as well as from semi structured interviews with the childcare workers of the boys. The findings of the study appear to concur with existing literature, namely that boys with absent fathers
experience difficulties in the areas of emotional, social, cognitive and moral development. Recommendations are made as to how boys with absent fathers may best be supported.
Opsomming
Met die toename in egskeidings en die afname van nukleêre gesinne, word daar gevind dat seuns meer dikwels die teenwoordigheid van die vader in die huis ontneem word. Die doel van hierdie studie is `n kwalitatiewe ondersoek en beskrywing
van seuns se ervaring van hulle verhouding met hulle afwesige vaders. Drie seuns van erskillende rasse- en kulturele groepe is gekies vir die
gevallestudies en vanuit `n Gestalt Spelterapeutiese perspektief is met hulle gewerk.
Data is versamel vanuit die terapeutiese sessies sowel as vanuit semigestruktureerde onderhoude met die seuns se kinderoppassers. Die bevindinge van die studie blyk ooreen te stem met bestaande
literatuur, naamlik dat seuns met afwesige vaders probleme ondervind ten opsigte van emosionele, sosiale, kognitiewe en morele ontwikkeling.
Aanbevelings word gemaak oor hoe om dié seuns ten beste te ondersteun.SOCIAL WORK
MDIAC (PLAY THERAPY)
45
Nfii, Faith Nekabari. "Levels, trends and household determinants of stillbirths and miscarriages in South Africa (2010-2014)." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25700.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculties of Health Sciences and Humanities, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the field of Demography and Population Studies, October 2017Background: Various international and national commitments and interventions that focus on improving maternal, newborn and child health have been established in South Africa. Irrespective of these efforts, adverse pregnancy outcomes (stillbirths and miscarriages) remain invisible within policies and programmes intended to reduce this public health burden thus leading to its high rate in South Africa. This mismatch of burden to action is due to several factors that keep stillbirths and miscarriages hidden, notably underreporting which leads to a lack of data and a lack of consensus on priority interventions and, social taboos that reduce the visibility of stillbirths and the associated family morning. While studies have identified a number of individual demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with stillbirths and miscarriages, the role of household socioeconomic factors remain unexplored. Poor socioeconomic conditions within a household have broadly been linked with poor health and negative birth outcome among pregnant women. This study therefore sought to identify demographic and household socioeconomic associated with stillbirths and miscarriages in South Africa. Methods: This study utilized secondary data from the 2010 – 2014 South African General Household Survey (SAGHS). The study sample comprises of women of reproductive age 15 49 years who were resident in the households selected to participate in the SAGHS. A sample of 248,057 women were included in the study; these are women who reported to have been pregnant in the last 12 months preceding the survey from 2010-2014. The population of interest in this study are South African women whose pregnancy has ended in a stillbirth and or a miscarriage. The outcome variable was pregnancy outcomes (stillbirths, miscarriages and others) while predictor variables include household wealth status, maternal age, source of drinking water, type of toilet facility, sex of household head, province of residence, household electricity, population group and HIV status. Data analysis was done in three stages. First, univariate analysis was done to provide descriptive results of the study population. The second staged involved a bivariate analysis producing odds ratios to examine the association between each predictor variable with each pregnancy outcome. The third stage included an unadjusted (bivariate) and adjusted (multivariate) multinomial logistic regression producing relative risk ratios (RRRs) to examine the demographic and household socioeconomic determinants of stillbirths and miscarriages. Results: The levels of stillbirths were 0.17% and 0.37% in 2013 compared to 0.11% and 0.12% respectively. The stillbirth rate (SBR) from 2010-2014 was 25.7 per 1000 births while miscarriage rate was 24.5 per 1000 pregnancies. Results from the multinomial logistic regression showed that maternal age, race, sex of household head, province of residence, source of drinking water, type of toilet facility, geographic type, household wealth index, hypertension and HIV positive status are significant determinants of stillbirths and miscarriages among women in South Africa. Advanced maternal age (34-39 and 40-44 years), rural residence, being Black, use of other type of toilet facilities, poor wealth quintile, Northern Cape province, being 000HIV positive and drinking piped water are associated with an increased risk of stillbirths and miscarriages. Conclusion: This study found that demographic and household socioeconomic factors are associated with pregnancy outcomes (stillbirths and miscarriages) among women aged 15-49 years in South Africa. This study has demonstrated the fact that household socioeconomic factors are important in understanding the determinants of stillbirths and miscarriages. Thus, the outcomes of pregnancy are not separable from the socioeconomic conditions of the pregnant women within a household as maternal poverty can translate to poor foetal health. Interventions on maternal, newborn and child health should also be more targeted at these pregnancy outcomes as stand-alone health indicators to address the dearth of data and to ensure proper monitoring. Furthermore, women in remote areas who do not have access to electricity, toilet facilities and other important assets in their household should be prioritized by programs on poverty alleviation. Lastly, it is crucial that quality obstetric care services should be made available, accessible and affordable for women in remote areas. This may improve the outcomes of pregnancy through early detection of pregnancy complications.
XL2018
46
Chan, Angeline Michell. "Meaning-making in response to the traumatic loss of a child." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12602.
Full textAbstract:
Recent research supports the theoretical premise that healthy forms of bereavement include
meaning making as a coping response to loss as well as a move away from Freud’s original
postulation regarding the importance of decathexis as necessary to a healthy resolution of
grief. However, traumatic bereavement produces particular kinds of difficulties in meaningmaking
and the possible resolution of this kind of loss. The study explored responses in relation
to the traumatic loss of a child through homicide in a sample of 7 parents (2 couples, 3
mothers) who were identified through the The Compassionate Friends (TCF) chapter in
Highlands North, Johannesburg and who volunteered to take part in the study. Semi structured
interviews were conducted, recorded, transcribed and subjected to an interpretive thematic
content analysis. The thematic content analysis revealed that meaning making responses in
relation to the loss of a child through homicide, are complex and that somewhat unexpectedly,
parents experienced expectations from society and others to engage in particular kinds of
meaning-making as counterproductive and alienating. Issues concerning the simultaneous
introjection of and de-cathexis from the lost child also proved enlightening. Meaning-making
also involves both some degree of trauma resolution and the recognition of what the loss of the
significant other entails. The research also explored the choices and decisions that parents
reported as being important in response to the traumatic loss of their child, and therefore
suggests some useful pointers for those who encounter traumatically bereaved individuals in
the course of their work.
47
Sehlabaka, Daviv Mochaka. "Role of Parental divorce in the psychological functioning of adolescents in North West Province, South Africa / Sehlabaka David Mochaka." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15081.
Full text
48
Scholtz, Jonathan Geoffrey. "Persoonlikheidsprofilering by gholfspelers op verskillende vaardigheidsvlakke." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7282.
Full textAbstract:
D.Litt.et Phil.This study investigated the personality and mood characteristics of golf players at four different levels of competency. The role played by personality factors in sport and sport performance, was actively researched between 1950 and 1980, especially in the U.S.A. and Europe. Since then, research in the field of sport psychology has focused more on aspects like anxiety, motivation, attribution and arousal. A study of the available literature shows that the role of personality factors in sport has not been researched and identified satisfactorily, mostly as a result of methodological problems experienced in earlier studies. There has thus been a move away from this subject before the methodological problems could be solved properly, or the field of study be explored completely. Local research in this area is limited and available studies often display the same methodological inconsistencies as those incurred in the U.S.A. and Europe. Golf is seen as a sport in which psychological factors play a substantial role. Only a few studies that address these aspects in golf were found. However, in none of these the unique nature of golf was taken into account or integrated into the results in a satisfactory manner. Even though the literature confirms the existence of typical personality profiles for motor racers and soccer players, no such profile has been identified for golf players. The value of such a profile extends over a wide front, which includes counselling, career planning, enhanced performance and timely remedial interventions. One hundred and sixty nine golf players at four different levels of competency namely professional, provincial, club champions and ordinary club players were evaluated with the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). The data was analized statistically with the use of multivariate and univariate measures as well as intercorrelations. Various significant differences were identified between the four groups. A personality and mood profile was identified for each group. The profiles of the professional and the provincial groups differed meaningfully from those of the other two groups and the norms for the normal population. In terms of mood characteristics, both these groups displayed the "iceberg profile" which indicates below average scores on tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion and an above average score on vigour. Mood characteristics that feature prominently in top performance was identified from this. The most important personality characteristics identified were emotional stability, tough-mindedness, assertiveness, a practical orientation, self-sufficiency, self-control and a low level of resting tension. In conclusion, recommendations are made and a critique delivered of the study.
49
Karim, Dilnaaz. "The relationship between the psychological contract, trust and organisational commitment in retrenchment survivors." Thesis, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26118.
Full textAbstract:
A Dissertation submitted to the Psychology Department, University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the course of the
Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Masters in Industrial Psychology.The aim of this research was to, firstly, explore the relationship between psychological contract breach and organisational commitment, and to examine the extent to which trust mediates this relationship. Secondly, the research aimed to develop and validate a scale to measure psychological contract breach. Data was collected from a large organisation that had completed nation-wide retrenchments. The quantitative sample population consisted of 84 employees in the organisation, while 10 members of the organisation were interviewed to obtain qualitative information. A cross-sectional design was used and data was collected by means of questionnaires and interviews. The process of triangulation was used to provide a deeper understanding of the relationship being assessed. The psychological contract breach scale was analysed by means of a factor analysis and was found to be valid, and the reliability was found to be satisfactory. The results of the study showed that there is a negative relationship between psychological contract breach and organisational commitment and that trust does not appear to mediate this relationship. Explanations for the findings are offered, and the theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. Finally, limitations of this study and directions for future research are presented.
Andrew Chakane 2018
50
Kapelus, Stacey. "The effect of aquatic therapy on psychological aspects of pain in arthritic patients." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9084.
Full textAbstract:
M.A. (Psychology)Numerous amounts ofliterature has confirmed the positive correlation that exists between exercise and psychological well-being. With the increased interest in the associated psychological factors ofpain, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of chronic pain on rheumatoid arthritic and osteoarthritic patients, with the overall aim of reducing, and alleviating these factors. The psychological factors studied were depression, effects ofthe impact ofarthritis, for example, on the independent, physical and psychosocial aspects oftheir lives, as well as coping. It was hypothesized that by engaging in an aquatic exercise program there would be a reduction/alleviation ofpain, which in tum would demonstrate a reduction in the psychological components ofpain. Evidence was found to support the hypothesis, due to the fact that, after exposure to the aquatic therapy program, subjects demonstrated a reduction in pain followed by a reduction in depression, slight improvement in coping with their arthritis, and the impact of arthritis was partially alleviated. The need for a larger sample group, as well a longer period of investigation will be needed for future research.