Relevant bibliographies by topics / Divorced women. Women Labor supply

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Academic literature on the topic 'Divorced women. Women Labor supply'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Divorced women. Women Labor supply"

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Vanderheyden, Griet, and Dimitri Mortelmans. "Partnereffecten op de arbeidsmarktparticipatie van gescheiden vrouwen." Relaties en Nieuwe Gezinnen 3, no. 9 (September 30, 2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/reng.v3i9.18243.

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In dit artikel wordt gekeken naar de mate waarin partners een invloed hebben op het vrouwelijke arbeidsaanbod. Vanuit de economische principes van specialisatie en economische behoefte verwachten we dat het arbeidsaanbod van vrouwen negatief beïnvloed wordt door de arbeidstroeven van hun partner. Deze verwachtingen worden in het huidige artikel in een echtscheidingscontext geplaatst. We bekijken de samenhang tussen de arbeidstroeven van de mannelijke partner en het vrouwelijke arbeidsaanbod, en maken hierbij een onderscheid naar ooit‐ en nooit‐gescheiden vrouwen. Er wordt immers verwacht dat het meemaken van een scheiding zorgt voor een onafhankelijkheidseffect, waarbij de arbeidstroeven van de partner minder van belang zullen zijn in het arbeidsbeslissingsproces. Met de data van Scheiding in Vlaanderen (SiV) kunnen we enkel associaties tussen beide partners vaststellen. Deze associaties kunnen mogelijk ook voortspruiten uit een verschillend partnerselectieproces voor ooit‐ en nooit‐gescheidenen. We vinden dat vrouwen met een partner met een hoger inkomen minder vaak werken. Dit geldt zowel voor ooit‐ als nooit‐gescheiden vrouwen. Vrouwen waarvan de partner een hoger opleidingsniveau of een hoger arbeidsaanbod heeft, blijken zelf ook vaker te werken indien het gaat om een eerste huwelijk (nooit‐gescheiden), maar minder vaak indien het gaat om een nieuwe relatie (ooit‐gescheiden). Partners in nieuwsamengestelde gezinnen zijn dus heterogener op vlak van hun arbeidsaanbod en ‐troeven. Abstract : This article is about the influence of partners on women’s labour supply. Based on economic principles, we expect women’s labour supply to be negatively influenced by their partner’s labour market resources. In the current article, this association is analysed in a divorce context. We expect the labour supply of never‐divorced women to be more negatively affected by the labour market resources of their partners than the labour supply of repartnered women who experienced a divorce. Put differently, we expect the labour supply of ever‐divorced women to be less dependent upon their partner’s labour market resources. We determine some associations with data from Divorce in Flanders (DiF). Next to differences in partner effects, these associations can also be attributed to differences in the partner selection process between never‐divorced and ever‐divorced women. We find that women with a high‐income partner tend to work less often, regardless of having experienced a divorce. If their partner works more or has a higher educational level, never‐divorced women tend to work more often themselves. Ever‐divorced women, on the other hand, tend to work less often if their new partner works more or is higher educated.
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Johnson, William R., and Jonathan Skinner. "Accounting for Changes in the Labor Supply of Recently Divorced Women." Journal of Human Resources 23, no. 4 (1988): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/145807.

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Genadek, Katie R., Wendy A. Stock, and Christiana Stoddard. "No-Fault Divorce Laws and the Labor Supply of Women with and without Children." Journal of Human Resources XLII, no. 1 (2007): 247–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/jhr.xlii.1.247.

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Hassani-Nezhad, Lena, and Anna Sjögren. "Unilateral Divorce for Women and Labor Supply in the Middle East and North Africa: The Effect of Khul Reform." Feminist Economics 20, no. 4 (July 14, 2014): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2014.932421.

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Goldin, Claudia, and Claudia Olivetti. "Shocking Labor Supply: A Reassessment of the Role of World War II on Women's Labor Supply." American Economic Review 103, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.257.

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The most prominent feature of the female labor force across the past hundred years is its enormous growth. But many believe that the increase was discontinuous. Our purpose is to identify the short- and long-run impacts of WWII on the labor supply of women who were currently married in 1950 and 1960. Using WWII mobilization rates by state, we find a wartime impact on weeks worked and the labor force participation of married white (non-farm) women in both 1950 and 1960. The impact, moreover, was experienced almost entirely by women in the top half of the education distribution.
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Majumder, Sacchidanand, and Soma Dey. "Socio-Economic and Demographic Determinants of Women Participation in Labor Force in Rural Bangladesh." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 46, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v46i1.54233.

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This attempt was made to investigate the socio-economic and demographic factors that influence women participation in labor force in rural Bangladesh using BDHS 2014 data. A total of 11,695 married women aged 15 - 49 in rural areas are selected for analysis. A logistic regression analysis is applied for determining the factors. The result shows that 32.2% rural women are currently employed and the remaining 67.8% are unemployed. The logistic model shows that women’s age has a strong positive association with their participation in labor force. Participation of widowed and divorced/separated women in labor force is much higher as compared to married women. Enhanced education level of women and their husband has decreased women participation in labor force, but it gradually increased with increased education level of household head. Husband’s occupation is a strong determinant of women participation in labor force. Women from middle income households are less interested to participate in labor force as compared to poor women. The result also reveals that with increased household size and number of children under age five, women participation in labor force is decreased. Again, with increased land and livestock ownership of household and NGO membership, women participation in labor force is highly increased. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 46(1): 103-115, June 2020
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Carlin, Paul S. "Evidence on the Volunteer Labor Supply of Married Women." Southern Economic Journal 67, no. 4 (April 2001): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1061572.

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Eckstein, Zvi, and Osnat Lifshitz. "HOUSEHOLD INTERACTION AND THE LABOR SUPPLY OF MARRIED WOMEN." International Economic Review 56, no. 2 (April 28, 2015): 427–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iere.12110.

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Carlin, Paul S. "Evidence on the Volunteer Labor Supply of Married Women." Southern Economic Journal 67, no. 4 (April 2001): 801–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.2001.tb00375.x.

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Jones, Larry E., Rodolfo E. Manuelli, and Ellen R. McGrattan. "WHY ARE MARRIED WOMEN WORKING SO MUCH?" Journal of Demographic Economics 81, no. 1 (March 2015): 75–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2014.7.

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Abstract:We study the large observed changes in labor supply by married women in the United States over the post-World War II period, a period that saw little change in the labor supply by single women. We investigate the effects of changes in the gender wage gap, the quantitative impact of technological improvements in the production of nonmarket goods, and the potential inferiority of nonmarket goods in explaining the dramatic change in labor supply. We find that small decreases in the gender wage gap can simultaneously explain the significant increases in the average hours worked by married women and the relative constancy in the hours worked by single women and by single and married men. We also find that the impact of technological improvements in the household on married female hours and on the relative wage of females to males is too small for realistic values. Some specifications of the inferiority of home goods match the hours patterns, but they have counterfactual predictions for wages and expenditure patterns.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Divorced women. Women Labor supply"

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Genadek, Katie Rose. "The effect of divorce risk on the labor force participation of women with and without children." Thesis, Montana State University, 2005. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2005/genadek/GenadekK0505.pdf.

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Kaya, Ezgi. "Women in the labor markets: wages, labor supply, and fertility decisions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283724.

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El desenvolupament més important en el mercat de treball en tots els països industrialitzats ha estat l’increment de dones casades a la força laboral. La literatura econòmica associa l'increment de la participació a la força laboral de les dones amb el canvi en l'estructura salarial. En aquesta Tesi, estudio els tres elements clau en el canvi de posició de les dones en el mercat laboral: la diferència salarial de gènere (gender wage gap, gwg), l’elasticitat de l’oferta de treball femení, i la interacció entre l’oferta laboral femenina i la decisió de tenir fills. A més, exploro com és el rendiment de les dones en el mercat laboral, així com el rol que juguen les institucions del mercat laboral i les seves polítiques en l’oferta laboral femenina. En el primer capíto, exploro l’evolució en el gwg en un grup de països europeus. Utilitzo un nou enfocament que es basa en mesures directes sobre requeriments de capacitats per a treballar en determinades feines. Divideixo les capacitats entre brawns i brains. Durant els anys 90 i els anys 2000, el gwg ha caigut a una majoria de països europeus i als Estats Units. Una part d’aquesta caiguda es pot explicar pels canvis d’ocupació d’homes i de dones i pels diferents requeriments de capacitat que aquestes ocupacions tenen. Malgrat tot, a diferència de l’experiència americana, als països europeus els canvis en els retorns als brains i als brawns han implicat un increment en el gwg. Endemés, una part substancial dels canvis en el gwg no pot ser explicada pels canvis en les diferències de capacitat entre homes i dones, ni tampoc per canvis en les característiques d’homes i dones o en l’estructura salarial. L’anàlisi mostra que hi ha una part inexplicada del gwg que està altament correlacionada amb les institucions del mercat laboral, tot suggerint una forta relació entre els canvis en les institucions que governen el mercat laboral amb canvis en l’evolució del gwg. En el segon capítol, estudio l’elasticitat de l’oferta laboral de les dones i els homes casats. En particular, estimo l’elasticitat de l’oferta laboral de dones i homes casats en el marge extensiu, tenint en compte que existeix heterogeneïtat en l’educacio de les parelles i modelo explícitament com interactuen entre si els membres de la llar quan prenen decisions sobre l'oferta laboral. Els resultats mostren que hi ha una variació considerable entre les parelles en la manera com prenen decisions sobre l'oferta laboral. A més, l’elasticitat en l’oferta laboral difereix en gran mesura entre les llars, depenent del nivell educatiu dels seus membres. Una de les troballes centrals és que, si ignorem l’heterogeneïtat entre els diferents tipus de llars i les diferències entre les parelles en la manera com prenen les seves decisions d’oferta laboral, trobem una elasticitat d’oferta salarial massa baixa per a les dones casades. En el tercer capítol, escrit conjuntament amb Nezih Guner i Virginia Sánchez-Marcos, investiguem com els contractes temporals afecten la fertilitat de les dones a Espanya. Estimem models de duració de temps discret en el naixement del primer i subsegüents fills, i comparem les probabilitats de tenir un fill per part de dones amb contracte temporal i amb contracte permanent. Els resultats d’aquest capítol suggereixen que l’estabilitat laboral és un determinant important de la probabilitat de tenir fills. Trobem que la probabilitat que una dona sense fills, però amb un contracte permanent, tingui un fill l’any següent és més alta que la probabilitat que una dona sense fills amb un contracte temporal en tingui. L’efecte es torna molt més important per a transicions successives (del primer al segon, i del segon al tercer).
The most important development in labor markets, in all industrialized countries was the increase in the entry of women, in particular married women, into the labor force. The economic literature associates the increasing labor force participation of women with the changes in the wage structure, either in terms of the gender wage gap or the elasticity of the female labor supply to changes in their own wages or their husband's wages and with the changing fertility behavior of women. In this thesis, I study the three key aspects of the changing position of women in the labor markets: the gender wage gap, female labor supply elasticities and the interaction between labor supply of women and fertility behavior, and explore how women fare in the labor markets and how labor market institutions and policy affect their behavior. In the first chapter of this thesis, I explore the recent gender wage gap trends in a sample of European countries with a new approach that uses the direct measures of skill requirements of jobs held by men and women. During the 1990s and 2000s, the gender wage gap declined in the majority of European countries and in the U.S. A part of this decline is explained by changes in male-female differences in brain and brawn skill intensities that occur due to the shifts in occupational allocations. However, in contrast to the U.S. experience, in European countries the changes in returns to brain and brawn skills had a widening effect on the gender wage gaps. Furthermore, a substantial part of the changes in the gender wage gaps cannot be explained by the changes in the gender gaps in labor market characteristics, skills or changes in the wage structure. The analysis show that the unexplained part of the gender wage gap is strongly correlated with labor market institutions suggesting a strong link between the changes in the labor market institutions and changes in gender wage gap trends. In the second chapter, I study labor supply elasticities of married women and men and estimate labor supply elasticities of married women and men along the extensive margin allowing for the heterogeneity among couples (in educational attainments of husbands and wives) and explicitly modeling how household members interact and make their labor supply decisions. The results of Chapter 2 show that there is considerable variation among couples in the way they make their labor supply decisions. Moreover, labor supply elasticities differ greatly among households by the relative education levels of spouses. One of the central finding is that ignoring the heterogeneity between household types and differences between couples in the way they make their labor supply decisions yield a lower labor supply wage elasticity for married women. The third chapter, coauthored with Nezih Guner and Virginia Sánchez-Marcos, we investigate how temporary contracts affect the fertility behavior of women in Spain. To this end, we estimate discrete-time duration models of the first and subsequent births and compare the probability of having a child of women working under permanent and temporary contracts. The results of Chapter 3 suggest that job stability is an important determinant of the birth hazards. We find that childless women working under permanent contracts in a given year are more likely to give a birth in the following year than childless women working under temporary contracts in that particular year. Moreover, the effect becomes stronger for the transitions from the first to second and even more pronounced from second to third birth.
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Correa, Olarte María Eugenia. "La feminización de la educación superior y las implicaciones en el mercado laboral y los centros de decisión política." Bogotá : UNESCO, IESALC : Universidad La Gran Colombia : TM Editores, 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68050690.html.

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Teo, Siew Yea. "An analysis of female labour supply and earnings in small islamic country: evidence from Brunei Darussalam /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18114.pdf.

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Lee, Ya-Hue. "The power of residual-based cointegration tests, and the dynamics of female fertility, education, and labor supply /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9722822.

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Lin, Ta-Win. "Women's labor force supply and commuting behavior: a time-budget analysis." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/452.

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Female labor and commuting behavior has been inappropriately approached by traditional economic and location theories. While labor economists assume that commuting is a "fixed" element of the cost-of-entrance, they ignore the spatial variation in wage rate or job opportunities. Urban economists, on the other hand, treat the variation in commuting distance as a function of household housing consumption, and a "fixed" amount of labor supply is assumed. Both assumptions are unrealistic, especially in the case of females. The major contention raised in this study is that labor supply and commuting behavior are interrelated decisions. This "simultaneity" relationship should be captured by any model studying either labor or commuting behavior. In the case of female household members, time as a scarce resource must be allocated more efficiently since women are traditionally assigned housework responsibility--be they housewives or working women. A simultaneous-equation model has been specified to simulate the household decision of appropriating its (economic and human) resources among female income-earning activities--i.e., market labor supply and commuting--and housework. Time is adopted as the measurement unit of the three endogenous variables. Demographic and environmental variables are included in order to obtain the most efficient estimation and to link the results of this research to other economic and sociological studies. A two-stage Tobit and OLS estimation procedure is employed, according to the characteristics of the data, to avoid the selection bias problem (Tobin, 1958; Killingsworth, 1983). The results derived give (empirical) support to the theoretical argument that the relationship between commuting and labor supply is not a single-direction one, suggesting that the estimation of the traditional single-equation model may well be subject to serious specification bias. The theoretical and empirical inferences provided by this study contribute to a better understanding of how a household perceives its female members' domestic service and income-earning activity. Also, theoretically, the estimation can be used to give a more precise measure of the local (potential) labor pool and a more precise prediction of the amount of (female) commuters using certain routes. All these contributions have significance with respect to the firm's location decision and production planning, and the planning for the provisions of other public services.
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Birch, Elisa Rose. "The determinants of labour supply and fertility behaviour : a study of Australian women." UWA Business School, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0061.

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There are many potential determinants of women?s labour supply including wages, unearned income, human capital endowments, demographic characteristics and family traits. Fertility behaviour, including the number of children and age of children, is also an important factor in women’s labour supply decisions. Many factors which affect women’s decisions on participating in the labour market and hours of work are also key influences on their decisions on starting a family and having a desired number of children. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the determinants of labour supply and fertility behaviour of Australian women. Using cross-sectional data, labour supply models corrected for sample selection bias, and fertility models examining different aspects of family size, the thesis finds that women’s labour supply decisions are largely influenced by their wages and fertility behaviour. Their decisions on completed fertility, starting a family and having additional children are largely influenced by their actual or potential wages.
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Zardin, Luiza Gueller. "A bidimensional model of matching in the marriage market with women labor decision." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16590.

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We construct a frictionless matching model of the marriage market where women have bidimensional attributes, one continuous (income) and the other dichotomous (home ability). Equilibrium in the marriage market determines intrahousehold allocation of resources and female labor participation. Our model is able to predict partial non-assortative matching, with rich men marrying women with low income but high home ability. We then perform numerical exercises to evaluate the impacts of income taxes in individual welfare and find that there is considerable divergence in the female labor participation response to taxes between the short run and the long run.
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DE, JONG OLGA ACOSTA. "PERCEPTION OF THE FEMALE ROLE IN SAUDI ARABIAN SOCIETY." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183976.

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The present investigation examines the roles of women in the rapidly changing society of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and attempts to quantify and optimize their role as active contributors to the development of the country. The study starts out with a review of earlier work on women's roles in the Kingdom and then throws a more recent light on the subject by analyzing the current writings and comments in the popular press. Those findings are supplemented by direct interviews with samples from various segments of the Saudi population; answers are compared with similar inquiries by earlier researchers as well as with opinions expressed in the media. Since these results are primarily of a subjective nature the study then proceeds to quantify the role Saudi women play as educated and productive contributors to the development of the Kingdom. From published data a numerical framework is described, which is followed by a modelling effort, using the goal programming algorithm, aimed at optimizing the use of the female labor force in Saudi Arabia. Under present policies and as a result of social and traditional attitudes many of the labor market positions are now available for occupancy by Saudi women but they are filled by female or male imported labor. The impacts of selected changes in current manpower policies are analyzed.
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Shelton, Joel A. "Female labor in the postwar Japanese economy a geographic perspective /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155328128.

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Books on the topic "Divorced women. Women Labor supply"

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Women, work, and divorce. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.

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Durkan, Joe. Women in the labour force. Dublin: Employment Equality Agency, 1995.

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Henriëtte Maassen van den Brink. Female labor supply, child care and marital conflict. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1994.

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Female labour supply in Sudan. Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium, 1998.

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Cain, Glen George. Lifetime measures of labor supply of men and women. [Madison]: University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1985.

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Colin, Lindsay. Women in the labour force. Ottawa: The Project, 1994.

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Statistics, Canada Housing Family and Social Statistics Division. Women in the labour force. Ottawa, Ont: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1994.

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Kaiser, Lutz. Female labor market transitions in Europe. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2006.

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Men & women of Port Phillip. Sydney, NSW: Hale & Iremonger, 1985.

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Parks, Lecia. Hard at work: Women in the Utah labor force. Salt Lake City, Utah (174 Social Hall Ave., Salt Lake City 84147): Labor Market Information Services, Utah Dept. of Employment Security, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Divorced women. Women Labor supply"

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Chun, Hyunbae, Olivia Hye Kim, and Injae Lee. "Intergenerational Living Arrangements and Labor Supply of Married Women." In Contemporary Issues in Applied Economics, 171–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7036-6_10.

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Chiswick, Barry R. "Labor Supply and Investment in Child Quality: A Study of Jewish and Non-Jewish Women." In Studies of Jews in Society, 205–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41243-2_11.

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Nzengya, Daniel M., and John K. Maguta. "Gendered Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts in Selected Counties in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_169-1.

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AbstractExtreme climate change events such as frequent and prolonged droughts or floods associated with climate change can be very disruptive to peoples’ livelihoods particularly in rural settings, where people rely on the immediate environment for livelihood. Shocks in the people’s livelihoods can trigger diverse responses that include migration as a coping or adaption strategy. Migration takes many forms depending on the context and resources availability. Very few studies in Kenya have used qualitative analysis to bring up women’s voices in relation to gender, climate change, and migration, especially along hydrological gradient. This chapter presents results of qualitative research conducted from 58 participants in 2018 in three counties in Kenya, namely, Kiambu County, Machakos, and Makueni. The study sought to examine gender perceptions related to climate-induced migration, that is: whether climate change is perceived to be affecting women’s livelihood differently from that of men; examine in what ways experiences of climate induced migration differed for men and women; explore perceptions on the county government efforts to cope with climate-induced migration; and examine perceptions of the role of nongovernmental agencies in helping citizens cope with climate change. From the results obtained on ways in which climate change affected women livelihoods more than men had four themes: (1) women exerted more strain in domestic chores, child/family care, and in the farm labor; (2) women also experienced more time demands. The sources of water and firewood were getting more scarce leading to women travel long distances in search to fetch water and firewood; (3) reduced farm yields, hence inadequate food supply; and (4) the effects of time and strain demands on women was a contributory factor to women poor health and domestic conflicts. Several measures that the county government could take to assist women to cope with climate change-induced migration had five themes which include the following: (1) developing climate change mitigations, and reducing deforestation; (2) increasing water harvesting and storage; (3) develop smart agriculture through the use of drought-resistant crops and drought mitigation education; (4) encourage diversification of livelihoods; and finally (5) providing humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable populations such as orphans and the very poor. Thirdly, the measures mentioned that NGO’s could take to assist rural communities to cope with climate change-induced migration did not vary significantly from those mentioned for county government, except probably for a new theme of increasing advocacy for climate adaption policies.
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Nzengya, Daniel M., and John Kibe Maguta. "Gendered Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts in Selected Counties in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2045–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_169.

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AbstractExtreme climate change events such as frequent and prolonged droughts or floods associated with climate change can be very disruptive to peoples’ livelihoods particularly in rural settings, where people rely on the immediate environment for livelihood. Shocks in the people’s livelihoods can trigger diverse responses that include migration as a coping or adaption strategy. Migration takes many forms depending on the context and resources availability. Very few studies in Kenya have used qualitative analysis to bring up women’s voices in relation to gender, climate change, and migration, especially along hydrological gradient. This chapter presents results of qualitative research conducted from 58 participants in 2018 in three counties in Kenya, namely, Kiambu County, Machakos, and Makueni. The study sought to examine gender perceptions related to climate-induced migration, that is: whether climate change is perceived to be affecting women’s livelihood differently from that of men; examine in what ways experiences of climate induced migration differed for men and women; explore perceptions on the county government efforts to cope with climate-induced migration; and examine perceptions of the role of nongovernmental agencies in helping citizens cope with climate change. From the results obtained on ways in which climate change affected women livelihoods more than men had four themes: (1) women exerted more strain in domestic chores, child/family care, and in the farm labor; (2) women also experienced more time demands. The sources of water and firewood were getting more scarce leading to women travel long distances in search to fetch water and firewood; (3) reduced farm yields, hence inadequate food supply; and (4) the effects of time and strain demands on women was a contributory factor to women poor health and domestic conflicts. Several measures that the county government could take to assist women to cope with climate change-induced migration had five themes which include the following: (1) developing climate change mitigations, and reducing deforestation; (2) increasing water harvesting and storage; (3) develop smart agriculture through the use of drought-resistant crops and drought mitigation education; (4) encourage diversification of livelihoods; and finally (5) providing humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable populations such as orphans and the very poor. Thirdly, the measures mentioned that NGO’s could take to assist rural communities to cope with climate change-induced migration did not vary significantly from those mentioned for county government, except probably for a new theme of increasing advocacy for climate adaption policies.
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Hassani-Nezhad, Lena, and Anna Sjögren. "Unilateral Divorce for Women and Labor Supply in the Middle East and North Africa: The Effect of Khul Reform." In Gender and Economics in Muslim Communities, 113–37. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315228617-5.

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Kahn, Lawrence M. "Changes in the Labor Supply Behavior of Married Women: 1980–2000." In Gender, Inequality, and Wages, 264–307. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199665853.003.0010.

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"The effects of religion on the labor supply of married women." In Religion, Economics and Demography, 77–100. Routledge, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203889053-13.

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Urban, Andrew. "Liberating Free Labor." In Brokering Servitude. NYU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814785843.003.0002.

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Chapter 1 follows the enterprising activities of Vere Foster, a member of the Anglo-Irish gentry who funded the emigration of approximately 1,250 Irish women from post-famine Ireland during the 1850s. Foster’s efforts serve as a case study that illuminates the ideologies of white settlerism and Anglophone imperial unity, and shows how they worked together in concert. Foster was convinced that the best way to govern rural Ireland’s surplus population and inadequate lands was to finance and coordinate the integration of young migrant women into wage labor positions as servants in the United States, in areas of the country where the supply of white female workers was scarce. In order to assuage concerns about the moral and sexual dangers that free markets and migration posed to young Irish women, Foster endeavored to establish transatlantic networks of migration rooted in what he presented as racial and familial values of protection and mutuality. As this chapter concludes, the Irish migrants Foster sponsored developed different interpretations of what it meant to work for wages in household service, and what the commodification of their labor signified to both Ireland and the United States.
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McMorran, Chris. "Liberating Work in the Tourist Industry." In Rethinking Japanese Feminisms. University of Hawai'i Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824866693.003.0008.

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This chapter investigates the idea of labor in the tourist industry as a form of feminist praxis in contemporary Japan. It centers on women working in traditional inns, or ryokan, which are found around the country. Working as maids and servers, they are paid to reproduce gender ideologies that economically devalue women’s work and spatially fix it to domestic space. However, the job can also provide divorced, separated, or single women liberation from the institution of marriage and its associated reliance on a man, in part by providing a daily wage, a uniform, three meals a day, and a dormitory room. Moreover, employees disrupt conservative ideas about a woman’s place in Japan, using conventional femininity as a tool to create spaces for individual freedom and enrichment in the face of gender inequalities that remain throughout Japanese society.
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Ball, Molly C. "Discrimination in the Paulistano Labor Market." In Navigating Life and Work in Old Republic São Paulo, 92–121. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401667.003.0005.

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This chapter evaluates the degree of gender, racial, and national discrimination facing Paulistanos using firm-level employment records and complementary education and job evidence. By distinguishing between national groups, standard linear regressions and logit analyses demonstrate three groups faced substantial formal labor market discrimination, albeit to differing degrees and through different mechanisms. Portuguese workers were disproportionately hired into unskilled positions, Afro-Brazilians faced substantial hiring discrimination, and women faced both hiring and wage discrimination. Employers expected Portuguese workers to be unskilled and women to leave the labor market upon marriage, but Afro-Brazilians faced substantial prejudice. Hiring discrimination was consistent across the textile, commercial, railroad, and the urban transportation sectors. Prior to the war, periods of rapid growth and scarce labor supply could lessen racial prejudice and help explain the language of hope drawing Afro-Brazilians to São Paulo, but the postwar period brought a substantial contraction, making Afro-Brazilian women the most consistently excluded. Lifetime consequences of labor market discrimination were substantial, but the period saw minimal organization in opposition. One probable hypothesis explaining why more substantial mobilization did not occur was the class wage discrepancies that paled gendered, racial, and national differences.
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Conference papers on the topic "Divorced women. Women Labor supply"

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Cai, Hao, and Li-Chen Chou. "DOES RELIGION INFLUENCE THE LABOR SUPPLY OF MARRIED WOMEN IN CHINA? —AN ECONOMIC EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS." In International Conference on Economics, Finance and Statistics. Volkson Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/icefs.01.2018.82.84.

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Reports on the topic "Divorced women. Women Labor supply"

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Cebi, Merve. Employer-Provided Health Insurance and Labor Supply of Married Women. W.E. Upjohn Institute, March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp11-171.

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Bradley, Cathy, David Neumark, Zhehui Luo, and Heather Bednarek. Employment-Contingent Health Insurance, Illness, and Labor Supply of Women: Evidence from Married Women with Breast Cancer. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11304.

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Blau, Francine, and Lawrence Kahn. Changes in the Labor Supply Behavior of Married Women: 1980-2000. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11230.

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Black, Dan A., Natalia A. Kolesnikova, and Lowell J. Taylor. Why Do So Few Women Work in New York (and So Many in Minneapolis)? Labor Supply of Married Women across U.S. Cities. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2007.043.

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Blau, Francine, and Lawrence Kahn. Substitution Between Individual and Cultural Capital: Pre-Migration Labor Supply, Culture and US Labor Market Outcomes Among Immigrant Women. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17275.

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Eissa, Nada. Taxation and Labor Supply of Married Women: The Tax Reform Act of 1986 as a Natural Experiment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5023.

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Acemoglu, Daron, David Autor, and David Lyle. Women, War and Wages: The Effect of Female Labor Supply on the Wage Structure at Mid-Century. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9013.

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Dave, Dhaval, Sandra Decker, Robert Kaestner, and Kosali Ilayperuma Simon. The Effect of Medicaid Expansions in the Late 1980s and Early 1990s on the Labor Supply of Pregnant Women. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19161.

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Bradley, Cathy, David Neumark, and Scott Barkowski. Does Employer-Provided Health Insurance Constrain Labor Supply Adjustments to Health Shocks? New Evidence on Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18060.

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