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Journal articles on the topic 'DIY Film'
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Herman, Joe. "DIY film digitizer [Resources]." IEEE Spectrum 54, no. 1 (January 2017): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2017.7802733.
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Frølunde, Lisbeth. "Animated war." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 18, no. 1 (January 31, 2012): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856511419918.
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In this feature article two DIY (do-it-yourself) film projects are examined from perspectives of resemiosis (transformations in meaning-making) and the textual production practices of contemporary multimedia authorship. These practices are considered as evolving in a complex media ecology. The two films analysed are Gzim Rewind (Sweden, 2011) by Knutte Wester, and In-World War (USA, expected 2011) by DJ Bad Vegan. The films are currently in production and involve many collaborators. Both films have themes of war and include film scenes that are ‘machinima’ – real-time animation made in 3D graphic environments – within live action film scenes. Machinima harnesses the possibilities of reappropriating digital software, game engines, and other tools available in digital media. War-related stories are resemiotized in the machinima film scenes as meanings are transformed in the story’s shift from a war game context to a film context. Thus machinima exemplifies how DIY multimedia storytellers explore new ways to tell and to ‘animate’ stories. The article contains four parts: an introduction to machinima and the notions of resemiosis and authorial practice; a presentation of DIY filmmaking as a practice that intertwines with new networked economics; an analysis of the two DIY film projects; and a discussion of implications including issues relating to IP (intellectual property) and copyrights when reappropriating digital assets from commercial media platforms.
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Kustanto, Lilik, Rr Ari Prasetyowati, and Ozhara Aisyia. "Konstruksi Keistimewaan Yogyakarta dalam Narasi Film-Film Kompetisi Produksi Dinas Kebudayaan Yogyakarta Tahun 2016-2017." REKAM 15, no. 1 (September 26, 2019): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/rekam.v15i1.3185.
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ABSTRAKSejak Undang-undang Keistimewaan disahkan, Dinas Kebudayaan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) konsisten menggelar program kompetisi Pendanaan Pembuatan Film. Dalam genre fiksi dan dokumenter, film-film terpilih yang difasilitasi telah menafsirkan dinamika kebudayaan di DIY dengan cukup beragam. Asumsinya, film-film tersebut setidaknya mampu mewujudkan tata nilai budaya masyarakat yang berbasis pada nilai-nilai luhur budaya lokal. Namun demikian, beragamnya perspektif dan pendekatan yang digunakan sineas dalam produksi film kompetisi tentunya membangun realita baru akan narasi keistimewaan Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini akan memeriksa bagaimana konstruksi keistimewaan DIY dibagun lewat narasi film-film pemenang kompetisi pada dua tahun belakangan. Proses penelitian saat ini telah mencapai pada tahapan analisis struktur luar narasi kedua film kompetisi produksi Danais 2016-2017. Adanya ketidaksesuaian struktur narasi film-film dengan gagasan yang digunakan untuk menemukan struktur luar menurut Todorov justru menjadi tantangan besar dalam penelitian ini. Ketidaksesuaian ini sekaligus menjadi suatu penemuan yang penting saat keseluruhan proses analisis terselesaikan Since the Privileges Law has been authorized, the Government Cultural Office of the Special Region of Yogyakarta has been consistently holding a film-making funding program. In the genres of fiction and documentary, the facilitated selected films have climbed the Cultural Revolution in the Special Region of Yogyakarta with quite a variety. The assumption is that those films are at least able to realize the cultural values of the society based on the noble values of the local culture. However, the variety of perspectives and approaches used by filmmakers in the production of competitive films, certainly builds a new reality of the Yogyakarta's distinctive narrative. This research will examine how the construction of the privileges of the Special Region of Yogyakarta is built through the narrative of the winning films of the competition in the past two years. The current research process has reached the stage of analysis of the outside narrative structure of the two 2016-2017 Danais production competition films. According to Todorov, the inconsistency in the narrative structure of the films, with the ideas which are used to find the outward structures, has become a major challenge in this research. This incompatibility is also an important discovery when the entire analysis process is resolved.
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Fadilla, Nurul, and Sri Rohyanti Zulaikha. "Pendayagunaan Arsip Film Melalui Kegiatan Pemutaran Film Keragaman Lokal Konten Sebagai Pelestarian Nilai Sejarah dan Budaya Jawa." JPUA: Jurnal Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga: Media Informasi dan Komunikasi Kepustakawanan 10, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpua.v10i2.2020.128-137.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendayagunaan arsip film melalui kegiatan pemutaran film keragaman lokal konten budaya Jawa DIY yang dilakukan oleh Grhatama Pustaka Balai Layanan Perpustakaan DPAD DIY. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan studi kepustakaan (library research). Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendayagunaan arsip film melalui kegiatan pemutaran film keragaman lokal konten budaya Jawa DIY pada Grhatama Pustaka memberikan pengaruh positif dalam melestarikan nilai budaya dan sejarah melalui film, perkenalan budaya dan sejarah dilakukan dengan cara yang cukup berbeda yaitu dari adanya film dokumenter. Hal itu tercermin dari sikap dan perilaku pemustaka yang memberikan feedback secara langsung, baik dari segi film yang menambah wawasan, pengetahuan baru perihal budaya, sejarah serta pariwisata yang telah terjadi yang mungkin belum familiar bagi para pemustaka, dan adanya komentar terkait durasi film yang dirasa singkat sehingga menjadi ketertarikan tersendiri bagi pemustaka untuk ingin menonton film dokumenter lainnya serta statistik pengunjung yang menyaksikan pemutaran film dokumenter kian naik dan bertambah. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini diharapkan lebih memperbanyak koleksi film dokumenter lainnya, sehingga film lama tidak hanya sekedar menjadi arsip saja tapi dapat didayagunakan kembali sehingga kebermanfaatannya terasa, dan diharapkan untuk lebih mempromosikan, memperkenalkan kegiatan pemutaran film, semakin memperluas jaringan kerjasama agar dapat menjalin hubungan dengan pihak-pihak tertentu terkait pemutaran film dokumenter, agar karya yang dihasilkan jangka waktu penggunaan atau pemanfaatannya dapat dirasakan lebih lama dan dijangkau oleh lebih banyak orang lagi terutama generasi berikutnya di masa depan.
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Suwarto, Dyna Herlina, Benni Setiawan, and Gilang Jiwana Adikara. "The Fragmentation of Indonesian Film Audience." Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication 37, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2021-3701-05.
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Nowadays, films can not only be watched in conventional media such as cinema, screening and television but also digital media such as streaming, download and shared archives. This study aims to determine the pattern of audience fragmentation, especially in the cinephile segments. The research employs an explorative qualitative method. The data collection methods include diaries and interviews. Informants were determined using a purposive sampling technique which includes visitors of the movie screened by the Jogja Movie Night, DIY Watching Club, and Cultural Department in July 2018. The results of this study show that, first, conventional media such as cinema and screening are still considered important because they provide a tasting guide, a space for social interaction and technical facilities. Second, attention is managed differently when dealing with conventional and new media. The focus of watching a movie can be created in different ways tailored to the viewing space. Third, film content is used as inspiration to produce films as hobbies and learning space. Also, it can be diverted in other forms such as short stories, performance scripts. Although being exposed to unlimited choices, film viewers only access the relative channels for a certain period. They need public space to interact with film fans, educate their appetite and watch satisfaction. Digital media is used to facilitate the autonomy of choosing and treating films based on their needs and desires. Keywords: Film audience fragmentation, audience interests, consumption pattern, new media, cinephelia.
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Barker, Thomas. "Indie Cinema and the Short Film Assemblage." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 177, no. 2-3 (July 9, 2021): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-bja10027.
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Abstract Dewi pulang (Dewi goes home), the 2016 short film by Candra Aditya, offers a means to redefine the meaning of independence for contemporary Indonesian screen production. In the years of Reformasi following the end of the New Order, to be independent was to be in solidarity with the reform movement, and to express a DIY sensibility that did not rely on big production companies or the state. In recent years, the meaning of independence has been complicated by a changing cultural economy of film, including the accommodation of many previously independent filmmakers into the mainstream. Rather than seeing independence embodied in the film or filmmaker, this essay considers the history of short film and the foundational role of komunitas (communities) as the location for independent media practice. Independence is theorized as a characteristic of the assemblage of organizations, events, and infrastructures that facilitate the production, circulation, and consumption of short film.
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Slootweg, Tom, and Susan Aasman. "Democratic Television in The Netherlands." Archaeologies of Tele-Visions and -Realities 4, no. 7 (September 9, 2015): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2015.jethc079.
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For this article, the authors retrieved two curious cases of nonconformist TV from the archives of The Netherlands Institute of Sound and Vision. Being made in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the two cases represent an alternative history of broadcast television in the Netherlands. Whereas Neon (1979-1980) aimed to establish a punk-inspired DIY video culture, Ed van der Elsken (1980, 1981) strived for an expressive amateur film culture. The authors propose to regarded these cases as two different experiments of participation in and through media. By conceptualising amateur film and video as counter-technologies, the discursive expectations around their democratic potential can be explored further.
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Linda L. Rath. "Building a DIY Genre Film Festivals Web Resource to Empower Digital Scholarship and Cultural Heritage Participation." Moving Image: The Journal of the Association of Moving Image Archivists 17, no. 1 (2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/movingimage.17.1.0029.
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Savelieva, Elena N., Valeriya E. Budenkova, and Alexandra V. Presnyakova. "TOMSK AMATEUR FILMMAKERS' FILM PRODUCTION AS A PROSUMER PRACTICE." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 39 (2020): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/39/10.
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Regional amateur film production is discussed in the article. The specifics of this phenomenon are determined by two factors: the territorial affiliation and the unprofessional nature the amateur filmmakers activities making films outside the official film studios systems. The spread of film ama-teurism in the 21st century is driven by the development of digital technologies that simplify the film production process. However, the place and importance of amateur filmmakers in modern culture are not adequately investigated, which actualizes this study. The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of the production and artistic activities of Tomsk amateur directors. The author's hypothesis is that regional cinema is not only a form of amateur creativity but also prosumers activity. The novelty of the study is determined, firstly, by the attention to the film industry of the Tomsk region, secondly, the original author's approach, considering the activities of amateur directors in the context of the new production paradigm of prosumerism. The methodological basis of the study is the sociocultural approach, film appreciation and study of empiric material (short features, indie cinema, documentary, web-series). The study is constructed as follows: signs, which point to the prosumer character of the Tomsk cinema environ is identified. As a result a set of assertions confirming the involvement of amateur film makers in new forms of DIY practices is formulated. 1) Amateur filmmakers multifunctional activities redound to the blurring of the distinction between production and consumption. 2) It is not in doubt, that is voluntary labor, but the fact that it is unpaid labor is not an essential condition, due to the large economic costs of film production. 3) For Tomsk's amateur directors an unstructured and decentralized organization of the production process is typical. 4) Almost all filmmakers have their own or given means of production. 5) The product specifics (film text) are determined by the individual optics of the author and by his regional belonging. 6) The transformative role of film amateurism is expressed in influencing the identity of its participants and in shaping the cultural identity of the region. The authors conclude that the activity of Tomsk's amateur film production contributes to the cul-tural specifics of the region, influences the development of regional identity, and contributes to the formation of new social ties. This non-profit environ based on the personal enthusiasm of people inter-ested in creative self-realization leads to the prosumers practice extension as a way to overcome the negative manifestations of a consumer society.
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Sharp, Darren. "Participatory Cultural Production and the Diy Internet: From Theory to Practice and Back Again." Media International Australia 118, no. 1 (February 2006): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0611800104.
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The free and open source software movements have inspired a new mode of participatory cultural production. The early hacker communities elaborated a sophisticated socio-technical system of network-enabled collaboration culminating in the GNU-Linux operating system. More recently, a range of do-it-yourself (DIY) media technologies have given any user with internet access the ability to become a producer in a variety of social fields. This has spawned an entirely new understanding of authorship and content production in film (machinima), games (player-producers), journalism (blogs), radio (podcasting) and knowledge production (Wikipedia). A number of social science epistemologies embrace ‘practice’ as a representational category to explain the relationship between structure and agency, such as Giddens' (1984) and Bourdieu's (1977) theories of structuration. Missing from most of these accounts is any engagement in practice-based research to construct knowledge about their domains. It will be shown that action research provides an important empirical method capable of extending the field of knowledge about user-led innovation. Action research provides a practice-based method to explore how social shaping occurs in the development of participatory cultural production systems.
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Islam, Mehak. "Celebrities Or Celetoids?: Analyzing the Difference between Achieved and Ascribed Celebrities." Think India 22, no. 2 (October 24, 2019): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i2.8676.
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Celebrity has become a defining characteristic of our mediatized societies. It is ever-present in the news and entertainment industry boosted by formats such as reality TV, DIY (do it yourself) websites, talk radio and so on. ‘The Demotic Turn’ was coined by Graeme Turner in Understanding Celebrity as a means of defining the expanding growth of ‘ordinary’ while they modify themselves into the content of media through various reality shows, several DIY platforms, and widely, via ‘celebrification.’ It is generally defined as the process by which ordinary people or public figures are transformed into celebrities; for instance, film stars, public figures, celebrity politicians. This transformation from ordinary person to celebrity can be seen as a media ritual that both confirms this separation and legitimates the ‘myth of the media centre’, or the myth that the media are the essential gatekeepers to the imagined society’s centre. Celebrities are manufactured by the celebrity industry which produced and further help to sell other commodities and this can’t be equated with the democratization. This whole process of formation of celebrity leads to his conversion into ‘celetoid’ or a short-lived public figure. This paper tries to examine the role which this mass-mediated fame plays within the construction of cultural identities.
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Wan Teh, Wan Hasmah. "The History of Film Adaptation in Malaysia: The Long Journey of Its Rise and Fall." Malay Literature 31, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 361–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/ml.31(2)no7.
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Morris Beja in his book Film and Literature: An Introduction , said that since the Academy Awards was introduced in 1927 – 1928, about three quarters of the award for best film was won by film adaptations. This is proof that film adaptation is a form of art that has gained the attention of the world community and was a well- known form of narrative in the 19th and 20th centuries in Europe. This paper takes the initiative to trace the history of film adaptations in general by focusing on such films in Malaysia. Findings of the study reveal that the history of film adaptation in Malaysia started in 1933 during the filming enterprise of Cathay Film and Malay Film in Singapore up to the setting up of Merdeka Studio in Kuala Lumpur in the 1970s and beyond. The film industry in Malaysia faced many problems including the influx of imported films from Indonesia and the commercialization factor that did not guarantee profits. However, around 2006, concerted efforts were reinforced to adapt literary works into films, through workshops and competitions organized by Malaysian government bodies such as Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), National Film Development Corporation (FINAS) and Radio and Television Malaysia (RTM). Keywords: film adaptation, history, Cathay Keris, Malay Film, Merdeka Studio Abstrak Morris Beja dalam bukunya Film and Literature: An Introduction , mengatakan bahawa sejak Anugerah Akademi diperkenalkan pada tahun 1927 – 1928, lebih kurang tiga per empat anugerah untuk filem terbaik telah dimenangi oleh filem adaptasi. Keadaan ini merupakan bukti bahawa filem adaptasi adalah satu bentuk seni yang telah lama mendapat perhatian masyarakat dunia dan menjadi corak naratif yang terkenal pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20 di Eropah. Makalah ini mengambil inisiatif untuk menelusuri sejarah filem adaptasi secara umum dengan memberi tumpuan kepada filem adaptasi di Malaysia. Dapatan kajian mendapati sejarah filem adaptasi di Malaysia melalui liku-liku perjalanan yang panjang bermula pada tahun 1933 sewaktu zaman perusahaan Cathay Film dan Malay Film di Singapura hingga ke Merdeka Studio di Kuala Lumpur sekitar tahun 1970- an dan seterusnya. Industri filem di Malaysia berdepan dengan pelbagai masalah termasuk lambakan filem import dari Indonesia dan faktor komersialisme yang tidak menjamin keuntungan. Walau bagaimanapun sekitar tahun 2006 usaha mengadaptasi karya sastera ke filem terus diperkasakan melalui bengkel dan pertandingan anjuran badan kerajaan di Malaysia seperti Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), Perbadanan Kemajuan Filem Nasional Malaysia (FINAS) dan Radio dan Televisyen Malaysia (RTM). Kata kunci: filem adaptasi, sejarah, Cathay Keris, Malay Film, Merdeka Studio
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Ziemba, Anita. "Ways of spending free time by teachers of physical education in Tarnów." Health Promotion & Physical Activity 7, no. 2 (July 5, 2019): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2755.
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Aim of the study: The aim of the work was to conduct research in the field of interests and their impact on spending free time by physical education teachers teaching at schools in Tarnów. Material and methods: The research was carried out in 2018 among 30 teachers in the 30–50 age group, teaching physical education in primary schools, junior high schools and upper secondary schools in Tarnow, taking part in thematic workshops. The research was carried out by means of a diagnostic survey, and a survey technique was used to obtain the necessary information and data. Results: The surveyed PE teachers most often spend their free time actively outside home, and most preferably with the family and friends. Sport was the most popular choice among respondents, regardless of gender. Clear gender differences were noted in the areas of spending free time, interests and hobbies. Conclusions: The vast majority of PE teachers surveyed spend their free time actively, mainly interested in sport. Women are more interested in health and beauty, and men in film and music, motorization and DIY.
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Oh, Dongyeop X. "Parylene-Coated Cellulose Nanofiber Films with Improved Oxygen Barrier and Water Resistance." Materials Science Forum 926 (July 2018): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.926.73.
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In this paper, we introduce a parylene-coated cellulose nanofiber film. The parylene coating overcomes the limitations of cellulose nanofiber films used as food packaging films. The disadvantages of cellulose nanofiber films are that they are poor oxygen barriers and have low water resistances. This parylene-coated film achieved a low oxygen transfer rate (OTR) of <5 ml/m2/day because the parylene coating effectively covered the surface pores. In contrast to a pristine cellulose nanofiber film, the parylene-coated film was hydrophobic and exhibited a water contact angle of >75º. Similar to macro-cellulose papers, the pristine cellulose nanofiber film absorbed water and tore easily. The parylene-coated film was not permeable to water. However, the coating did not yield a significant improvement in the mechanical properties or light transmittance. We also investigated the change in surface morphology by the parylene coating. The parylene-coated film has great potential as a food packaging film owing to its improved oxygen barrier and water resistance characteristics.
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Schneider, Gerhard, and Gabriele Witt-Schneider. "Die Lyrik des Alltags und die Utopie eines versöhnten Amerikas." »Der digital-ökonomische Komplex« 31, no. 1 (June 2019): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30820/0941-5378-2019-1-111.
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Die Autoren zeigen zunächst, wie der Film Paterson filmische Erwartungen im Gefolge des Hollywood Mainstreamkinos unterläuft: No action, sex, crime, wobei Jim Jarmusch solche Erwartungsbrüche nicht nur durch die Art des Films schafft, der das alltägliche Leben seines Protagonisten, des Busfahrers Paterson aus der Provinzstadt Paterson (New Jersey) und dessen Frau Laura zeigt, er inszeniert sie auch im Film selbst. Der Film ist »amerikanischer Zen« und appelliert darin in besonderer Weise an die psychoanalytische Grundhaltung der nichts wollenden, gleichschwebenden Aufmerksamkeit. Was ihn auszeichnet, ist sein Bezug zur Lyrik. Zum einen gibt es Lyrik im Film – Paterson ist Dichter –, zum anderen ist der Film selbst (alltags-)lyrischer Art. Darin erweist er sich als eine Hommage an den großen amerikanischen Lyriker William Carlos Williams, dessen Langgedicht PATERSON (über Paterson, New Jersey) der hintergründige Referenzpunkt des Films ist. Im Hinblick darauf lässt sich in einer kulturpsychoanalytischen Perspektive der Film als symbolische Wiedergutmachung der durch die ökonomische Entwicklung »geleisteten« Zerstörungsarbeit und als Utopie eines Amerika verstehen, in dem Fortschritt und Mythos versöhnt sind.
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Savitri, Dian, and Kirnantoro Kirnantoro. "Pemberian Pendidikan Kesehatan Reproduksi Berpengaruh Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Seks Bebas pada Remaja Kelas X dan XI 2 di SMK Muhammadiyah II Bantul." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/jnki.2013.1(1).23-28.
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<p>Data Pusat Studi Seksualitas (PSS) PKBI DIY tahun 2008 menemukan fakta bahwa remaja melakukan perilaku seksual berpelukan dalam pacaran 62,1%, bergandengan tangan 60,5%, berciuman bibir 59%, dan saling meraba 60%. Perilaku seksual beresiko lainnya yang dilakukan remaja adalah membaca buku/majalah porno yaitu sebesar 63,7% menonton blue film 46,7% dan masturbasi mencapai 30,2%. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi terhadap tingkat pengetahuan tentang seks bebas. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian praeksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest posttest. Sampel yang digunakan yakni 43 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner tertutup dengan menggunakan skala ordinal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan responden sebelum intervensi adalah tinggi sebanyak 27 responden (62,8%), sedang sebanyak 10 responden (23,3%) dan rendah sebanyak 6 responden (14,0%). Tingkat pengetahuan responden setelah intervensi adalah tinggi sebanyak 35 responden (81,4%), sedang sebanyak 8 responden (18,6%) dan rendah 0 responden (0%). Dan hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara pemberian pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi terhadap tingkat pengetahuan tentang seks bebas pada remaja dengan nilai z=-3,960 dan nilai p-value=0,000. Kesimpulan tingkat pengetahuan responden sebelum intervensi tinggi dengan persentase 62,8% dan tingkat pengetahuan setelah intervensi tinggi dengan persentase 81,4%. Ada pengaruh yang signifikan pada p-value=0,000 dan z=-3,960.</p>
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Qin, Meng Zhi, Xiang Hua Wang, Miao Yuan, Shen Chen Lv, and Xun Gu. "Dip-Coating of Patterned Organic Semiconductor Films." Applied Mechanics and Materials 748 (April 2015): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.748.29.
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<p>Dip-coating is a conventional solution processing technology to prepare large-area films at a low cost and with cheap facilities. For semiconductor film processing, crystal orientation and thickness uniformity are the primary factors that determine the film quality and its electrical performance. These requirements are readily satisfied with the dip-coating method because the film morphology can be effectively optimized by tuning the withdrawal speed. This work optimizes the withdrawal speed for the dip-coating of patterned semiconductor films of 400×500 mm2 as well as that for film dip-coating on the whole surfaces of the substrate. For both experiment, optimized electrical mobility is achieved at the same withdrawal speed, however, the random crystal orientation of the patterned films causes a remarkable decrease in device performance.</p>
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Cerny, Teresa A., Nihal C. Rajapakse, and Ryu Oi. "263 Photoselective Films Influence Flowering of Photoperiodic Species." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 436E—436. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.436e.
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Growth chambers constructed from photoselective plastic films were used to investigate the effects of light quality on height manipulation and flowering of photoperiodic plant species. Three types of treatment films were used; control, a far-red light intercepting film (YXE-10) and a red light intercepting film (SXE-4). The red (600-700 nm):far-red (700-800 nm) ratios and phytochrome photoequilibrium estimates for the control, YXE-10 and SXE-4 films were 1.0 and 0.71, 1.5 and 0.77, and 0.71 and 0.67, respectively. The photosynthetic photon flux was adjusted to uniformity among chambers using neutral density filters. Spectral filters did not effect minimum and maximum air temperatures. Experiments were conducted using quantitative long day (Antirrhinum majus and Petunia × hybrida), quantitative short day (Zinnia elegans and Dendranthema × grandiflorum) and day-neutral (Rosa × hydrida) plant species under natural short-day conditions. Plants produced under the YXE-10 filters were significantly shorter than the control plants, while plants produced under the SXE-4 films had similar or increased height compared to the control plants. However, both height response and flowering times varied with the crop species. Flowering time of Rosa × hybrida plants was uniform among all treatments. Flowering of quantitative long-day plants was delayed by at least 10 days under the YXE-10 film and was most responsive to the filtered light. Flowering of quantitative short-day plants was delayed by 2 days under the YXE-10. Days to flower for plants produced under the SXE-4 film were similar to the control plants for all species tested.
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Ye, Jingsong, Donghui Ma, Wen Qin, and Yaowen Liu. "Physical and Antibacterial Properties of Sodium Alginate—Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose Films Containing Lactococcus lactis." Molecules 23, no. 10 (October 15, 2018): 2645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102645.
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Edible films have gradually become a research focus for food packaging materials due to a variety of benefits, including environmental friendliness, good barrier properties, and good carrying capacity. In this experimental study, we used sodium alginate as a film-forming substrate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a modifier, and glycerol as a plasticizer, then Lactococcus lactis was added to film solutions to form bacteriostatic films via the tape casting method. With the addition of Lactococcus lactis, the films did not significantly change thickness, while the transparency decreased and a significant increase in red and yellow hues was observed. Meanwhile, the dispersion of bacterial cells in film solutions destroyed intermolecular interactions in the solutions during film formation and increased the volume of voids in the Lactococcus lactis-containing films, thereby slightly decreasing the tensile strength of the films, but significantly increasing water vapor permeability. Moreover, the films with added Lactococcus lactis showed significant bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus at 4 °C. In a seven-day bacteriostatic test, the films with Lactococcus lactis added at a level of 1.5 g/100 g resulted in a decrease in the viable cell count of Staphylococcus aureus by at least four logarithmic units. This study of Lactococcus lactis-containing films has provided a new method and strategy for antibacterial preservation of foods.
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Sunay, M. Selin, Onder Pekcan, and Saziye Ugur. "The Effect of Film Thickness and Content on Film Formation from PS/ Nanocomposites Prepared by Dip-Coating Method." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/524343.
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Steady-state fluorescence (SSF) technique in conjunction with UV-visible (UVV) technique and atomic force microscope (AFM) was used for studying film formation from TiO2covered nanosized polystyrene (PS) latex particles (320 nm). The effects of film thickness and TiO2content on the film formation and structure properties of PS/TiO2composites were studied. For this purpose, two different sets of PS films with thicknesses of 5 and 20 μm were prepared from pyrene-(P-) labeled PS particles and covered with various layers of TiO2using dip-coating method. These films were then annealed at elevated temperatures above glass transition temperature () of PS in the range of 100–280°C. Fluorescence emission intensity, from P and transmitted light intensity, were measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. The results showed that film formation from PS latexes occurs on the top surface of PS/TiO2composites and thus developed independent of TiO2content for both film sets. But the surface morphology of the films was found to vary with both TiO2content and film thickness. After removal of PS, thin films provide a quite ordered porous structure while thick films showed nonporous structure.
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Abad, Diana. "Groundhog Day and the Good Life." Film-Philosophy 16, no. 1 (December 2012): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2012.0009.
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Yagi, Misaki, Mitsuru Mizuno, Ryota Fujisawa, Hisako Katano, Kentaro Endo, Nobutake Ozeki, Yuriko Sakamaki, Hideyuki Koga, and Ichiro Sekiya. "Optimal Pore Size of Honeycomb Polylactic Acid Films for In Vitro Cartilage Formation by Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Stem Cells International 2021 (August 2, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9239728.
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Background. Tissue engineering of cartilage requires the selection of an appropriate artificial scaffold. Polylactic acid (PLA) honeycomb films are expected to be highly biodegradable and cell adhesive due to their high porosity. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal pore size of honeycomb PLA films for in vitro cartilage formation using synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods. Suspensions of human synovial MSCs were plated on PLA films with different pore sizes (no pores, or with 5 μm or 20 μm pores) and then observed by scanning electron microscopy. The numbers of cells remaining in the film and passing through the film were quantified. One day after plating, the medium was switched to chondrogenic induction medium, and the films were time-lapse imaged and observed histologically. Results. The 5 μm pore film showed MSCs with pseudopodia that extended between several pores, while the 20 μm pore film showed MSC bodies submerged into the pores. The number of adhered MSCs was significantly lower for the film without pores, while the number of MSCs that passed through the film was significantly higher for the 20 μm pore film. MSCs that were induced to form cartilage peeled off as a sheet from the poreless film after one day. MSCs formed thicker cartilage at two weeks when growing on the 5 μm pore films than on the 20 μm pore films. Conclusions. Honeycomb PLA films with 5 μm pores were suitable for in vitro cartilage formation by synovial MSCs.
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Osten, Philipp. "Emotion, Medizin und Volksbelehrung: die Entstehung des «deutschen Kulturfilms»." Gesnerus 66, no. 1 (November 11, 2009): 67–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-06601005.
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This article describes the process of professionalisation of medical films in Germany between 1910 and 1920. At the beginning of this decade, government institutions showed a growing interest in hygiene campaigns and started to cooperate with medical experts as well as with professional advertisers. When the German film industry was nationalised at the end of World War I, these informal structures were strengthened. New theories described the film as a most powerful tool for propaganda purposes. This profoundly changed the expectations towards medical films. Now their content had to be bedded into the dramatised form of a photoplay. After 1918, in anticipation of the reprivatisation of the German film industry, government officials of the Weimar Republic developed complex measures to obtain and keep control over a new genre of documentary film which was now called “Deutscher Kulturfilm”. Some of the political expectations linked to the Kulturfilm can be exemplified in the first documentary of feature length released by the Berlinbased Universal Film Corporation in 1920. It contained elements of medical films that had been shot during the last decade of the German Empire, and it was newly composed in 1919 to meet the presumable needs of a broader public in an uncertain democratic future.
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Osten, Philipp. "Emotion, Medizin und Volksbelehrung: die Entstehung des «deutschen Kulturfilms»." Gesnerus 66, no. 2 (November 11, 2009): 67–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-06602005.
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This article describes the process of professionalisation of medical films in Germany between 1910 and 1920. At the beginning of this decade, government institutions showed a growing interest in hygiene campaigns and started to cooperate with medical experts as well as with professional advertisers. When the German film industry was nationalised at the end of World War I, these informal structures were strengthened. New theories described the film as a most powerful tool for propaganda purposes. This profoundly changed the expectations towards medical films. Now their content had to be bedded into the dramatised form of a photoplay. After 1918, in anticipation of the reprivatisation of the German film industry, government officials of the Weimar Republic developed complex measures to obtain and keep control over a new genre of documentary film which was now called “Deutscher Kulturfilm”. Some of the political expectations linked to the Kulturfilm can be exemplified in the first documentary of feature length released by the Berlinbased Universal Film Corporation in 1920. It contained elements of medical films that had been shot during the last decade of the German Empire, and it was newly composed in 1919 to meet the presumable needs of a broader public in an uncertain democratic future.
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Tirado-Gallegos, Juan, Paul Zamudio-Flores, José Ornelas-Paz, Claudio Rios-Velasco, Guadalupe Olivas Orozco, Miguel Espino-Díaz, Ramiro Baeza-Jiménez, et al. "Elaboration and Characterization of Active Apple Starch Films Incorporated with Ellagic Acid." Coatings 8, no. 11 (October 27, 2018): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8110384.
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Apple starch films were obtained from apples harvested at 60, 70, 80 and 90 days after full bloom (DAFB). Mechanical properties and water vapor permeability (WVP) were evaluated. The apple starch films at 70 DAFB presented higher values in the variables of tensile strength (8.12 MPa), elastic modulus (3.10 MPa) and lower values of water vapor permeability (6.77 × 10−11 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1) than apple starch films from apples harvested at 60, 80 and 90 DAFB. Therefore, these films were chosen to continue the study incorporating ellagic acid (EA). The EA was added at three concentrations [0.02% (FILM-EA0.02%), 0.05% (FILM-EA0.05%) and 0.1% (FILM-EA0.1%) w/w] and compared with the apple starch films without EA (FILM-Control). The films were characterized by their physicochemical, optical, morphological and mechanical properties. Their thermal stability and antioxidant capacity were also evaluated. The FILM-Control and FILM-EA0.02% showed a uniform surface, while FILM-EA0.05% and FILM-EA0.1% showed a rough surface and insoluble EA particles. Compared to FILM-Control, EA modified the values of tensile strength, elasticity modulus and elongation at break. The antioxidant capacity increased as EA concentration did. EA incorporation allowed obtaining films with higher antioxidant capacity, capable of blocking UV light with better mechanical properties than film without EA.
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Vollbrecht, Ralf, and Christine Dallmann. "Editorial." Medienwelten – Zeitschrift für Medienpädagogik, no. 6 (October 13, 2016): I—II. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/zfm.2016-6.388.
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Das Begriffsfeld zu Transgender und verwandten Begriffen ist stark ausdifferenziert. Es soll hier nun nicht der Versuch unternommen werden, einen umfassenden Überblick über die komplexe Transgender-Thematik zu geben. Die Frage ist vielmehr, wie eine Pädagogik der Vielfalt am Beispiel von Transgender auch in Schulen umgesetzt werden kann und Schülerinnen und Schüler für dieses Thema sensibilisiert werden können.Für eine pädagogische Auseinandersetzung eignen sich insbesondere Spielfilme – und mittlerweile gibt es eine ganze Reihe geeigneter Filme zum Thema Transgender. Der Film „Transamerica“, den Hamisch in ihrem Beitrag analysiert, verdeutlicht vor allem die Identitätsherausforderungen, denen sich die Protagonistin des Films stellen muss. Dies ermöglicht einen pädagogisch-didaktischen Zugang zum Thema, der nicht von normativen Positionen ausgeht, die die Schülerinnen und Schüler mitbringen, sondern zur Reflexion über die eigene Identität anregt.
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Cerny-Koenig, T. A., J. E. Faust, and N. C. Rajapakse. "Role of Gibberellin A4 and Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitors on Flowering and Stem Elongation in Petunia under Modified Light Environments." HortScience 40, no. 1 (February 2005): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.1.134.
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In our previous experiments, greenhouse films that selectively remove far-red (FR) light from the growing environment reduced the stem elongation but delayed anthesis of long day plants. In the present research we investigated if the application of gibberellin A4 and gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis inhibitors could overcome the delay in anthesis of petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Vilm.-Andr.), a quantitative long-day plant, under a FR light deficient environment. The GA biosynthesis inhibitors prohexadione-Ca and exo-C-16,17-dihydro GA5 (GA5) were used because of their ability to prevent catabolism of active GAs. Anthesis and stem elongation were investigated under control, red (R; 600 to 700 nm) and FR (700 to 800 nm) light-absorbing (AR and AFR) films. The R:FR ratios of control, AR, and AFR films were 1.03, 0.71, and 1.51, respectively. Air temperatures among treatment chambers were not different. AR film did not affect anthesis or stem elongation, but AFR film reduced stem elongation and delayed anthesis by 12 days. Exogenous application of GA5 had no effect on stem elongation, shoot dry weight or days to anthesis at any concentration (0 to 100 mg·L-1) tested under control, AR, or AFR films. Anthesis was delayed with increasing concentration (0 to 200 mg·L-1) of prohexadione-Ca under all treatments. Prohexadione-Ca at 200 mg·L-1 delayed anthesis by 11 and 7 days under the control and AFR film, respectively, suggesting an interaction between light quality and prohexadione-Ca treatment. Exogenous GA4 accelerated anthesis under both films but the promotion was greater under the AFR films. However, GA4 treatment increased stem elongation and the increase in stem elongation was greater under the AFR film. Addition of GA5 to GA4 had no added effect on flowering and failed to reduce stem elongation. Therefore, GA or GA inhibitors are not suitable for flower promotion under AFR films.
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Forecki, Piotr. "Kojenie obrazem, leczenie snem. Konstruowanie pamięci o Zagładzie w polskich filmach fabularnych po 1989 roku." Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 3 (November 2, 2018): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2012.17.3.7.
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In the period between the end of World War II and the late 1980s the Polish film industry produced nearly twenty films on the Holocaust which approached the topic within secure lim- its. Those films that were permitted to be shown did not disturb the good feeling of the na- tional community, did not refer to the Polish version of anti-Semitism, and first and foremost avoided the sensitive issue of Polish society’s attitude to the annihilation of the Jews. Each film complied with the then current historical policy, which either treated this issue instru- mentally or simply ignored it. After 1989, both historiography and cinematography began to fill in the blank spots and address topics that were formerly forbidden, taboo or distorted in the official state discourse. Due to the abolishment of political restrictions and the liberation of public discourse, Polish cinematography embarked upon a belated examination of conscience and revision of the memories of the Holocaust cultivated till then. At least it seemed so. Has it actually happened, though? Have Polish filmmakers actually taken the trouble to deconstruct the myths, fill in the gaps and correct the deformed Polish memories of the Holocaust? Even if the answers to these superficial questions are affirmative, at least in terms of their intentions, what has become of it? This paper is an attempt to identify how the memory of the Holocaust has been constructed in Polish feature movies since 1989.
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Latham, Tom, Dikani Salema, and Steven Mlenga. "Peripheral Blood Film Examination In Malawi: The Maximum Diagnostic Information for the Least Resources?." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 3799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.3799.3799.
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Abstract Abstract 3799 Introduction: Malawi is the 23th least developed country according to the 2009 UN human development index and has a per capita health expenditure of $17 per year. In common with most of sub-Saharan Africa, severe haematological abnormalities are common in hospital patients, both contributing to ill health and reflecting the nature of underlying illnesses. Facilities for investigating abnormal results are limited and there are chronic problems with supply and maintenance of equipment and reagents. Examination of peripheral blood films provides extensive diagnostic information and can be performed with equipment routinely available even in district laboratories but there are few data on the feasibility and utility of routine blood film examination in this setting. Methods: Routine preparation of thin blood films stained with reverse Field's stain was introduced as a laboratory standard operating procedure for all FBC results meeting predetermined criteria [Hb<7.0 or >16.5 g/dl; MCV<60 or>100 fl; WBC <3.5 or >17.0 ×109/L; PLT <70 or >650 ×109/L] in the major teaching hospital. Films were reported by an experienced haematologist. Handwritten laboratory records of FBC and blood film reports over a 12 month period were reviewed retrospectively. Results: From 35449 FBC samples received 9543(26.9%) met criteria for film preparation. 3745 (39.2% of samples meeting criteria) were prepared. The proportion of films made improved during the study period; films were less likely to be prepared at weekends or late in the day. High day-to-day variability suggests that compliance levels may reflect staff on duty on individual days; workload on a given day did not appear negatively correlated with compliance. 69.5% of film reports gave added diagnostic information (other than simply confirming automated counts); many of the features found were not evident from the patient's clinical condition. Important findings included 33 new cases of leukaemia (14 acute leukemia, 6 CML and 13 CLL or other lymphoid disorders). 6.5% of films showed features suggesting haemolysis or increased red cell production. 2.2% showed specific features (not just macrocytosis) suggesting megaloblastic anaemia, 4.7% showed malaria parasites or other evidence of malaria such as pigment. 2.5% of films showed features raising the possibility of error in the automated counts. Reactive features were very common (57% of films). The 10 most common classes of film findings [see table 1] accounted for 75.8% of informative blood film reports. Conclusions: Routine peripheral blood film examination in a sub-Saharan African context provides a high yield of diagnostic information with minimal extra equipment requirement. A small number of common findings account for the majority of reports, suggesting that focussed training to identify these common abnormalities could have substantial benefits and could be implemented in a brief training programme. The variable compliance with the standard operating procedure suggests that staff confidence and enthusiasm may be the most important barriers to the incorporation of film reporting into routine practice. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Wang, Jun, and Ling Yun Bai. "Properties of TiO2 Thin Film Prepared by Sol-Gel Dip Coating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.528.
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TiO2 thin films were prepared on glass substrates by sol-gel method. The effect of withdraw speed on the thickness and optical properties of TiO2 thin films was investigated. The films were transparent in the visible wavelength. The thickness of the TiO2 films was increased from 90 nm for the withdraw speed of 1000 μm/s to 160 nm for the withdraw speed of 2000 μm/s. While, The refractive index of the TiO2 thin film decreased from 2.38 to 2.07. It may be due to the porosity of the film was increased. The optical band-gap of the films was around 3.45 eV.
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Miki, Takeshi, Kaori Nishizawa, Eiji Watanabe, and Hiroshi Taoda. "Photocatalytic Activity of Porous TiO2 Film Prepared by Dip-Coating Technique Using Sol Containing Trehalose." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.691.
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To obtain porous and thick TiO2 film, the precursor sol was prepared by hydrolysis of Ti isopropoxide and then complexed with trehalose dihydrate. The porous TiO2 film was fabricated by dip-coating technique on quartz glass substrates using this sol. The TiO2 films were calcined at 500-700 °C. The photocatalytic activity of the films was evaluated by examining decomposition of methylene blue in aqueous solution under UV light irradiation. The TiO2 film prepared from the sol with trehalose was more active than TiO2 film prepared from the sol without trehalose. The trehalose addition to the dip-coating solution was effective in improving the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 film.
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Cerny, Teresa A., James E. Faust, Desmond R. Layne, and Nihal C. Rajapakse. "Influence of Photoselective Films and Growing Season on Stem Growth and Flowering of Six Plant Species." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 4 (July 2003): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.4.0486.
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Growth chambers constructed of photoselective plastic films were used to investigate light quality effects on flowering and stem elongation of six flowering plant species under strongly inductive and weakly inductive photoperiods. Three films were used: a clear control film, a far red (FR) light absorbing (AFR) film and a red (R) light absorbing (AR) film. The AFR and AR films intercepted FR (700 to 800 nm) and R (600 to 700 nm) wavelengths with maximum interception at 730 and 690 nm, respectively. The phytochrome photoequilibrium estimates of transmitted light for the control, AFR, and AR films were 0.71, 0.77, and 0.67. The broad band R:FR ratios were 1.05, 1.51, and 0.77, respectively. The photosynthetic photon flux was adjusted with neutral density filters to provide similar light transmission among chambers. Zinnia elegans Jacq., Dendranthema×grandiflorum Kitam. (chrysanthemum), Cosmos bipinnatus Cav., and Petunia×hybrida Vilm.-Andr. plants grown under the AFR film were shorter than control plants. The AFR film had no effect on height of Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) or Rosa×hybrida (miniature rose). Anthesis of zinnia, chrysanthemum, cosmos (short-day plants), and miniature rose (day-neutral plant) was not influenced by the AFR films. Anthesis of petunia and snapdragon (long-day plants) was delayed up to 13 days by AFR films under weakly inductive photoperiods. In petunia, initiation and development of floral structures were not affected by the AFR films during strongly inductive photoperiods. However, during weakly inductive photoperiods, initiation of the floral primordia was significantly delayed and overall development of the floral meristem was slower than control plants indicating that the AFR films could increase the production time if long-day plants were produced off-season. Daylength extension with electric light sources could overcome this delay in anthesis yet achieve the benefit of AFR films for height reduction without the use of chemical growth regulators.
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Nancy, Jean-Luc. "Icon of Fury: Claire Denis's Trouble Every Day." Film-Philosophy 12, no. 1 (February 2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2008.0002.
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Rusakova, I., A. Hamed, and P. H. Hor. "TEM study of C70 polycrystalline films." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 11 (November 1994): 2814–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.2814.
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Using conventional and high resolution TEM, we have studied the microstructure of C70 polycrystalline films, prepared by sublimation of C70 powder onto glass, carbon holey film, and sapphire substrates held at 200 °C. An fcc structure with lattice parameter 1.50 nm is observed for the films on glass and amorphous carbon. A different structure and stronger adherence to the substrate was observed for the thin film grown on sapphire, suggesting a stronger molecule-substrate interaction in this case. Thicker films on sapphire, however, did have fcc structure. In all cases, the film grows in large grains about 100 nm in size, indicating high effective surface mobility of the C70 molecules. Further analysis of the films on carbon holey substrates indicates a preferred [011] film growth orientation, the existence of twins, and a high density of stacking faults. Extended exposure of the films to oxygen did not result in visible structural changes, but strong illumination for several hours in atmosphere led to partial annealing of planar defects and higher sensitivity to the electron beam, with film amorphization taking place at much shorter times under the electron beam.
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Elsner, Anna Magdalena. "‘De jour en jour / From day to day’: Documenting Times of Self-Mourning in Hervé Guibert's La Pudeur ou l'impudeur (1990)." Film-Philosophy 20, no. 2-3 (October 2016): 250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2016.0014.
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Mourning is predominantly understood as an emotional process caused by the loss of a beloved other. This is challenged in this article on Hervé Guibert's 1990 La Pudeur ou l'impudeur, a documentary in which the author and photographer represents his physical and emotional suffering through the last stages of HIV-AIDS. The article explores this suffering via the idea of ‘self-mourning’, which denotes Guibert's reflection on his own mortality in the light of terminal illness. In particular, the article focuses on what happens to the notion of time in mourning against the backdrop of Gilles Deleuze and Jean-Luc Nancy.
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Wu, Hai Jiang, and Fei Ying Yang. "Synergistic Corrosion Resistance of Cerium Film and Silane Film on Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 2021–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.2021.
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This work aims at developing a new environmental-friendly treatment for hot-dip galvanized (HDG) steel as alternative to the classic systems based on chromates. A double layer film on the HDG steel sheets was prepared by immersing the sheets in 5 g/L Ce(NO3)3 aqueous solution and 5 vol.% silane solution in turn. The morphology of the cerium conversion film was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion resistance of the films was investigated by linear polarization (LPR) and natural salt spray (NSS) tests. The results show that the surface morphology of cerium conversion film appears on a “dry-mud” structure, which is favorable to enhance the combined strength between the cerium conversion and the silane film. The corrosion protection efficiency of the double layer films increases greatly, especially both the anodic and cathodic processes of zinc corrosion on the samples are suppressed conspicuously, and the synergistic protection effect of the single cerium film and the single silane film is evident.
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Piyawatakarn, P., P. Sriamornsak, J. Nunthanid, C. Limmatvapirat, and Sontaya Limmatvapirat. "Design of Shellac-Based Film with Improved Mechanical Properties through Composite Formation with Clay." Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.290.
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The objective of this study was to explore the effect of clay on mechanical and related properties of shellac (SHL) films. The SHL was dissolved in ammonia solution, and then casted into the film. For SHL-clay composite film, bentonite (BTN) which is popular clay in pharmaceuticals, was added and well dispersed before casting. The SHL and SHL-BTN composite films were then comparatively characterized. The results showed that SHL-BTN composite films were stiffer than SHL films since the modulus was 3 times higher. However, the percent elongation was lower, suggesting the more fragility of composite film. The drawback of composite film was solved by adding of polyethylene glycol. The percent elongation of composite film, puncture strength and modulus were higher than those of SHL film. However, BTN may be dispersed in the film without any interaction of shellac molecules since the FTIR spectrum of SHL-BTN composite film did not change as compared to physical mixture of SHL and BTN. The knowledge gained should provide an alternative way of modification of shellac properties for coating.
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Wicks, Paul, and Lee Lancashire. "No tears in heaven: did the media create the pseudo-phenomenon “altitude-adjusted lachrymosity syndrome (AALS)”?" PeerJ 6 (April 3, 2018): e4569. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4569.
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Objective In the media, numerous public figures have reported involuntary emotional outbursts arising from watching films on planes, resembling neurological phenomena such as pseudobulbar affect. Putative risk factors put forward include altitude, mild hypoxia, or alcohol. Our objective was to determine whether watching a film on an airplane is really more likely to induce involuntary, uncontrollable, or surprising crying than watching one on the ground, described in some social media as “altitude-adjusted lachrymosity syndrome” (AALS), or whether this is a pseudo-phenomena. Methods Amazon Mechanical Turk survey participants (N = 1,084) living in the United States who had watched a film on a plane in the past 12 months were invited to complete an online survey. The main outcome measures were likelihood of crying in a logistic regression model including location of viewing, age, gender, genre of film, subjective film rating, annual household income, watching a “guilty pleasure” film, drinking alcohol, feeling tired or jetlagged, or having a recent emotional life event. Results About one in four films induced crying. Watching a film on a plane per se does not appear to induce involuntary crying. Significant predictors of crying included dramas or family films, a recent life event, watching a “guilty pleasure”, high film ratings, and female gender. Medical conditions, age, income, alcohol use, and feeling tired or jetlagged were not significant. Conclusion People reporting the pseudo-phenomena of AALS are most likely experiencing “dramatically heightened exposure”, watching as many films on a plane in a week’s return trip as they would in a year at the cinema. Such perceptions are probably magnified by confirmation bias and further mentions in social media.
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Ma, Jian Wei, Gang Xu, and Lei Miao. "Vanadium Dioxide Thin Films Deposited on TiO2 Buffer Layer for Smart Thermochromic Glazing of Windows." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1365.
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Vanadium dioxide (VO2) films were prepared on quartz glass and TiO2-coated quartz glass substrates by reactive RF-magnetron sputtering. The VO2 thin film with film thickness of 50 nm deposited on quartz glass substrates showed two kinds of regions with different color visible to the naked eye, i.e., the earth yellow region and the cyan region. Both XRD and Raman spectroscopy showed that the different color regions of the films had the different crystallinity quality and phase composition. Whereas, the VO2 thin films with film thickness of 50 nm fabricated on TiO2-coated quartz glass (with TiO2 film thickness of 50 nm) had uniform color and exhibited a larger change in transmittance at near infrared region than the VO2 thin films deposited on quartz glass did. A TiO2 buffer layer improved the crystallinity and uniformity of the VO2 film. Such very thin VO2 films with a TiO2 buffer layer have high potential for practical application in smart thermal glazing of windows.
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Plewa, Elżbieta. "Polskie tłumaczenie napisowe w 1930 roku." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 25, no. 44 (June 15, 2019): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.25.2019.44.03.
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Polish Subtitling in 1930
Film subtitle translation, contrary to frequently quoted opinions, did not start with the introduction of sound in films, which occurred in Poland in the 1929/30 cinema season. Prior to that, in the silent cinema period, captions were a tried and tested way of delivering content to the viewer. And these silent movie captions were translated. Copies of various foreign films with Polish subtitles have even been preserved instead of the ones with the original wording. Imitating subtitles for silent films, another form of film translation began to appear in films with sound and dialogue. These were the so-called intertitles. The next way of presenting foreign content was a subtitle, which began modern film subtitling. This article concerns film subtitle translation typical of films in Poland in 1930. It endeavours to show the development of Polish film subtitle translation in its initial phase. The article contains previously unpublished pictures of film subtitles from the discussed period, which come from original archival research.
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Tang, Ru Jun, Wan Li Zhang, and Yan Rong Li. "Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of the CoPtRu-SiO2 Single and CoPtRu-SiO2/Co72Pt28-SiO2 Double Layer Nanocomposite Films." Materials Science Forum 688 (June 2011): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.688.358.
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In this work, the CoPtRu nanocomposite films with were fabricated on the Ru seed layer. The effects of Ru content on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the CoPtRu-SiO2single layer nanocomposite films, and magnetic properties of the CoPtRu-SiO2/Co72Pt28-SiO2double layer nanocomposite films were studied. Results showed that with an increase of Ru content in the CoPtRu film, the ordering degree ofhcp-CoPtRu decreased, the volume of soft magneticfccphase increased, both the anisotropy constant and the saturation magnetization of the CoPtRu film decreased greatly. As a result, the anisotropy field of the film did not decrease notably. Therefore, the coercivity of the CoPtRu-SiO2/Co72Pt28-SiO2double layer film was very close to that of Co72Pt28-SiO2single layer film at both room temperature and low temperature.
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Hurma, Tulay. "Structural optical and electrical characterization of nanoparticle B doped ZnS films." Materials Science-Poland 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2019-0072.
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AbstractStructural, morphological, optical and electrical characteristics of zinc sulfide (ZnS) and boron doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:B) films deposited on glass substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method and heated up to 350±5 °C were studied. B doping at various concentrations did not change the crystal structure of the ZnS film and it also did not cause any significant change in the size of crystallites. Maximum transmittance values of the B doped ZnS films increased parallel to doping rate. Transmittance edges showed shifting towards smaller wavelengths due to the effect of B doping. B doping increased optical band gap values. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the film surfaces showed that B doping did not cause any significant change in grain sizes of the films. Presence of all expected elements in the films including Zn, S and B was confirmed through Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) analysis. Significant peaks of foreign phases on the film surfaces were observed through Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The electrical resistivity values of the films were calculated by means of current-voltage characteristics.
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Chen, Shunli, Min Wu, Caixia Wang, Shun Yan, Peng Lu, and Shuangfei Wang. "Developed Chitosan/Oregano Essential Oil Biocomposite Packaging Film Enhanced by Cellulose Nanofibril." Polymers 12, no. 8 (August 9, 2020): 1780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081780.
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The use of advanced and eco-friendly materials has become a trend in the field of food packaging. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were prepared from bleached bagasse pulp board by a mechanical grinding method and were used to enhance the properties of a chitosan/oregano essential oil (OEO) biocomposite packaging film. The growth inhibition rate of the developed films with 2% (w/w) OEO against E. coli and L. monocytogenes reached 99%. With the increased levels of added CNFs, the fibrous network structure of the films became more obvious, as was determined by SEM and the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between CNFs and chitosan was observed in FTIR spectra, while the XRD pattern suggested that the strength of diffraction peaks and crystallinity of the films slightly increased. The addition of 20% CNFs contributed to an oxygen-transmission rate reduction of 5.96 cc/m2·day and water vapor transmission rate reduction of 741.49 g/m2·day. However, the increase in CNFs contents did not significantly improve the barrier properties of the film. The addition of 60% CNFs significantly improved the barrier properties of the film to light and exhibited the lowest light transmittance (28.53%) at 600 nm. Addition of CNFs to the chitosan/OEO film significantly improved tensile strength and the addition of 60% CNFs contributed to an increase of 16.80 MPa in tensile strength. The developed chitosan/oregano essential oil/CNFs biocomposite film with favorable properties and antibacterial activity can be used as a green, functional material in the food-packaging field. It has the potential to improve food quality and extend food shelf life.
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Kita, Koji, Atsushi Eika, Tomonori Nishimura, Kosuke Nagashio, and Akira Toriumi. "Resistive Switching in NiO Bilayer Films with Different Crystallinity Layers." Key Engineering Materials 470 (February 2011): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.470.188.
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Two kinds of NiO films with different crystallinity were fabricated by controlling the film deposition conditions. The well-crystalline film showed resistive switching characteristics whereas the poorly-crystalline film did not. From I-V characteristics of the NiO bilayer film consisting of those two kinds of films, it was found that the initial characteristics significantly differed according to the bias polarity. The forming voltage became lower and had less variety when the well-crystalline side was positively-biased. These results suggest that the forming voltage and currents are controllable by modifying the film properties at the metal-oxide interfaces.
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Roy, Swarup, and Jong-Whan Rhim. "Gelatin-Based Film Integrated with Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles for Active Packaging Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 6307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146307.
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Gelatin-based multifunctional composite films were prepared by reinforcing various amounts of copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNP, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt %), and the effect of CuSNP on the film was evaluated by analyzing its physical and antibacterial properties. CuSNP makes a compatible film with gelatin. The inclusion of CuSNP significantly enhanced the UV blocking, mechanical strength, and water vapor barrier properties of the gelatin film. The inclusion of CuSNP of 1.0 wt % or less did not affect the transparency of the gelatin film. When 2.0 wt % of CuSNP was mixed, the hydrophilicity of the gelatin film did not change noticeably, but its thermal properties slightly increased. Moreover, the gelatin/CuSNP composite film presented effective antibacterial activity against E. coli and some activity against L. monocytogenes. Gelatin/CuSNP composite films with better functional and physical properties can be used for food packaging or biomedical applications.
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BROWN, CYNTHIA A., BAOWU WANG, and JUN-HYUN OH. "Antimicrobial Activity of Lactoferrin against Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria Incorporated into Edible Chitosan Film." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.2.319.
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The objectives of this research were to develop and characterize edible chitosan film containing lactoferrin as a natural antimicrobial agent, and to investigate the combination effects of lactoferrin with lysozyme in chitosan film against the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. Chitosan films containing lactoferrin, lysozyme, or nisin were fabricated, and the antimicrobial concentrations were 0.5, 1, or 2 mg in a circular disc of chitosan film. Three concentrations of lactoferrin or EDTA (0.28, 0.56, or 1.12 mg per disc) were also incorporated into the chitosan film containing lysozyme to investigate the combination effects of lactoferrin. The water barrier properties of the chitosan films containing lactoferrin were characterized. The antimicrobial activities against E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes were determined using the agar diffusion assay and cell count assay. The chitosan films containing lactoferrin less than 1 mg per disc did not alter the water vapor permeability of the chitosan film. Although the film containing lysozyme exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, the incorporation of lactoferrin alone into chitosan film did not exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against both E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes. However, the combination of lactoferrin with lysozyme-containing chitosan film significantly decreased the growth of E. coli O157:H7, exhibiting a comparable effect to that of the combination of EDTA with lysozyme (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the combination of lactoferrin with lysozyme in chitosan film exhibited greater reduction in the growth of L. monocytogenes than did the combination EDTA with lysozyme, resulting in an approximate 3-log reduction.
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Li, Yucheng, Jun Enomoto, Yuki Hirata, Hiroki Akasaka, and Naoto Ohtake. "Synthesis of Multilayered DLC Films with Wear Resistance and Antiseizure Properties." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092300.
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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have attracted considerable interest for application as protective films in diverse industrial parts. This is attributed to their desirable characteristics, such as high hardness, low coefficient of friction, gas-barrier properties, and corrosion resistance. Antiseizure properties, in addition to wear resistance, are required during the die molding of polymer and polymer-matrix composite parts. Graphite films can be easily peeled because the vertically stacked graphene sheets are bonded via weak van der Waals forces. The present study demonstrates the fabrication of multilayered DLC/Cu films, where the Cu film functions as a catalyst for the formation of a graphite-like layer between the DLC and Cu films. The DLC/Cu film was synthesized on a Si (100) substrate via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and magnetron sputtering. The peelability, wear resistance, microstructure, texture, and cross-section of the film were experimentally analyzed. The results indicated a variation in the peelability with the deposition conditions of the Cu film that comprised particles with diameters of several nanometers. The DLC film at the interface in contact with the Cu film was transformed into a graphite-like state i.e., graphitized. The surface of the multilayered film exhibited antiseizure properties with the peeling of the upper DLC film. The multilayered film also exhibited wear resistance owing to the repeated appearances of a new DLC film. It is expected that the wear-resistant films with antiseizure properties demonstrated in the present study will be utilized in various industrial sectors.
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Zhu, Mao-Dong, Chong Shan, Cheng Li, Hu Wang, Hong-Ji Qi, Dong-Ping Zhang, and Wei Lv. "Thermochromic and Femtosecond-Laser-Induced Damage Performance of Tungsten-Doped Vanadium Dioxide Films Prepared Using an Alloy Target." Materials 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 1724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091724.
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Thermochromic tungsten-doped VO2 thin films were successfully fabricated using a W-V alloy target. X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the W-doped VO2 film had a preferred orientation of (011), and that the doping did not degrade the film crystallinity compared with that of the pure film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy showed that the doped 0.81 atom% tungsten replaced vanadium in the lattice of the film. The metal–insulator transition temperature of the W-doped VO2 film was reduced to 35.5 °C, which is close to room temperature. Additionally, the infrared transmittance modulation of the W-doped film at λ = 2500 nm reached 56%, indicating an excellent switching efficiency. The damage behavior of the W-doped VO2 film under a femtosecond-laser irradiation was experimentally investigated. Our results revealed that defect-related damages induced by the femtosecond laser are relevant for W-doped VO2 films. This study provides valuable insights into VO2 films for potential applications in laser protection.
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Bleoancă, Iulia, Elena Enachi, and Daniela Borda. "Thyme Antimicrobial Effect in Edible Films with High Pressure Thermally Treated Whey Protein Concentrate." Foods 9, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9070855.
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Application of high pressure-thermal treatment (600 MPa and 70 °C, 20 min) for obtaining edible films functionalized with thyme extracts have been studied in order to evaluate the antimicrobial capacity of films structure to retain and release the bioactive compounds. The high pressure-thermally treated films (HPT) were compared with the thermally treated (TT) ones (80 ± 0.5 °C, 35 min). The film structures were analyzed and the sorption isotherms, water vapor permeability, antimicrobial activity and the volatile fingerprints by GC/MS were performed. The HPT film presented more binding sites for water chemi-sorption than TT films and displayed significantly lower WVP than TT films (p < 0.05). TT films displayed slightly, but significant higher, antimicrobial activity (p < 0.05) against Geotrichum candidum in the first day and against Bacillus subtilis in the 10th day of storage. The HPT film structure had ~1.5-fold higher capacity to retain volatiles after drying compared to TT films. From the HPT films higher amount of p-cymene and α-terpinene was volatilized during 10 days of storage at 25 °C, 50% RH while from the TT films higher amount of caryophyllene and carvacrol were released. During storage HPT films had a 2-fold lower capacity to retain monoterpenes compared to TT films.
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Kim, Keon-Woo, Yong Min Kim, Xinlin Li, Taehwa Ha, Se Hyun Kim, Hong Chul Moon, and Seung Woo Lee. "Various Coating Methodologies of WO3 According to the Purpose for Electrochromic Devices." Nanomaterials 10, no. 5 (April 25, 2020): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10050821.
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Solution-processable electrochromic (EC) materials have been investigated widely for various applications, such as smart windows, reflective displays, and sensors. Among them, tungsten trioxide (WO3) is an attractive material because it can form a film via a solution process and relative low temperature treatment, which is suitable for a range of substrates. This paper introduces the slot-die and electrostatic force-assisted dispensing (EFAD) printing for solution-processable methods of WO3 film fabrication. The resulting films were compared with WO3 films prepared by spin coating. Both films exhibited a similar morphology and crystalline structure. Furthermore, three different processed WO3 film-based electrochromic devices (ECDs) were prepared and exhibited similar device behaviors. In addition, large area (100 cm2) and patterned ECDs were fabricated using slot-die and EFAD printing. Consequently, slot-die and EFAD printing can be used to commercialize WO3 based-ECDs applications, such as smart windows and reflective displays.