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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'DJIA'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Nikoli, Ioanna, and Md Mosharof Hossain. "Relationship between currency carry trade and DAX & DJIA." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-115204.

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Abstract:   The last decade currency carry trade has gained a lot of popularity because of their apparent profitability. It is a strategy that has been developed to exploit violations of the Uncovered Interest Rate Parity. In particular, an investor must take a short position in a low-yielding currency to fund a long position in a high-yielding currency. In this research, we tried to contribute in the previous literature for the currency carry trade and its characteristics by using a different approach. Most of the researches that have been conducted in this area concern the risk agents associated with this strategy. However, in our research we investigated the relationship between currency carry trade and two equity indexes, one from the European market (DAX) and one from the American (DJIA). In order to do that, we estimated the returns of the DAX and the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) as well as the returns of a carry trade index created by the Deutsche Bank, the Deutsche Bank’s G10 Currency Future Harvest index. The returns were estimated for a time period of twenty years (1995-2014). More specific, we examined whether there is granger causality between the returns of carry trade and of DAX/DJIA, whether there is leverage effect on the returns of the same index and finally whether changes in the returns of one of those indexes can affect the subsequent volatility of the other two. For being able to do this examination, we used two different statistical models, the Vector Autoregression (VAR) and the EGARCH [1, 1] model.       The first empirical finding suggests that there is granger causal effect from the two equity markets to carry trade, however the carry trade granger cause only to DJIA index. The second finding indicates that there no leverage effect form the past returns to the future volatility for all the three indexes. Finally, the last finding suggests that the volatility process on the returns of one index cannot be determined by changes in the returns of the other two indexes. Keywords: Currency carry, uncovered interest rate parity, DAX, DJIA, G10 currency, granger causality, VAR, EGARCH[1,1]
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2

PINTO, MARCEL SCHARTH FIGUEIREDO. "ASYMMETRIC EFFECTS AND LONG MEMORY IN THE VOLATILITY OF DJIA STOCKS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9144@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
volatilidade dos ativos financeiros reflete uma reação prosseguida dos agentes a choques no passado ou alterações nas condições dos mercados determinam mudanças na dinâmica da variável? Enquanto modelos fracionalmente integrados vêm sendo extensamente utilizados como uma descrição adequada do processo gerador de séries de volatilidade, trabalhos teóricos recentes indicaram que mudanças estruturais podem ser uma relevante alternativa empírica para o fato estilizado de memória longa. O presente trabalho investiga o que alterações nos mercados significam nesse contexto, introduzindo variações de preços como uma possível fonte de mudanças no nível da volatilidade durante algum período, com grandes quedas (ascensões) nos preços trazendo regimes persistentes de variância alta (baixa). Uma estratégia de modelagem sistemática e flexível é estabelecida para testar e estimar essa assimetria através da incorporação de retornos acumulados passados num arcabouço não-linear. O principal resultado revela que o efeito é altamente significante - estima-se que níveis de volatilidade 25% e 50% maiores estão associados a quedas nos preços em períodos curtos - e é capaz de explicar altos valores de estimativas do parâmetro de memória longa. Finalmente, mostra-se que a modelagem desse efeito traz ganhos importantes para aplicações fora da amostra em períodos de volatilidade alta.
Does volatility reflect lasting reactions to past shocks or changes in the markets induce shifts in this variable dynamics? In this work, we argue that price variations are an essential source of information about multiple regimes in the realized volatility of stocks, with large falls (rises) in prices bringing persistent regimes of high (low) variance. The study shows that this asymmetric effect is highly significant (we estimate that falls of different magnitudes over less than two months are associated with volatility levels 20% and 60% higher than the average of periods with stable or rising prices) and support large empirical values of long memory parameter estimates. We show that a model based on those findings significantly improves out of sample performance in relation to standard methods {specially in periods of high volatility.
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3

Ames, Santillán Juan Carlos. "Alternativas de diversificación internacional para portafolios de acciones de la Bolsa de Valores de Lima." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114747.

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This paper gives an estimation of efficient frontiers for investment portfolios, they include stocks from Lima Stock Exchange General Index, Dow Jones Industrial Average, Gold, Cooper, Fixed Income Instruments of Peruvian government and savings in Peruvian financial institutions. The paper concludes that risk of investment in local portfolio reduces as a consequence of diversification, gold is an important asset and contributes to reduce portfolio risk.
El presente trabajo estima la frontera eficiente, en portafolios de inversión diversificados en acciones que componen el Índice General de la Bolsa de Valores de Lima (IGBVL), acciones que componen el Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), oro, cobre, instrumentos de renta fija del Gobierno peruano e instrumentos de ahorro bancario. Se concluye que el riesgo de portafolios de inversión de acciones que componen el IGVBL disminuye como consecuencia de la diversificación; un activo relevante es el oro que contribuye a disminuir significativamente el riesgo del portafolio.
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4

Knutsson, William, and David Ekeroth. "Black Swan Investments : How to manage your investments when the market is in distress." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97709.

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This study examines how investors can take advantage of Black Swan events by applying an investment strategy that involves investing in stocks that have performed badly during Black Swan events. The stocks are chosen from and compared to the Dow Jones Industrial Average Index. The purpose is to find out if the investment strategy has had a higher return than the benchmark index DJIA. The results show that the investment strategy outperforms the DJIA by 111% between the years 2000 to 2020, however, the results show no statistical significance. Beta is used as risk measurement to explain the correlation between the portfolios and the benchmark index by calculating CAPM. Standard deviation is used to calculate the Sharpe ratio and thereby assess a risk-adjusted result.
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5

Novák, Pavel. "Vliv finančních krizí na vývoj vybraných burzovních trhů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77822.

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The diploma thesis deals with the impacts of financial crises, especially into the U.S. and European stock exchange market and the real economy. Contains the analysis of the Great Depression and the current economic downturn which follows the financial crisis of 2007 - 2008 from the perspective of the New York Stock Exchange index (DJIA) and the FTSE index of London Stock Exchange, as well as from the perspective of macroeconomic variables such as real GDP growth, the rate of unemployment and the industrial production index. The similarities and the specific features of the causes of their formation, the reactions of the monetary and legislative authorities, the impact on the stock exchange markets, regulatory implications and impact on the real economy are mentioned as a result of the detailed comparison of the two crises. The thesis includes prove to the hypothesis of higher volatility on the stock exchange markets during the crises periods on the daily data by calculating the variance and standard deviation.
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6

Fabbri, Mirco. "Predizione di valori azionari tramite reti neurali con memoria." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15579/.

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Il lavoro verte sullo studio di alcune metodologie supervisionate finalizzate alla previsione dell'andamento finanziario. In particolar modo sono stati analizzati alcuni metodi considerati lo stato dell'arte e confrontati con modelli neurali sviluppati appositamente. Viene inoltre descritto come le informazioni acquisite tramite social media (twitter) possano influenzare l'andamento finanziare e possano quindi essere usate per fini previsionali.
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7

Helmersson, Tobias, Hana Kang, and Robin Sköld. "Gold During Recessions : A study about how gold can improve the performance of a portfolio during recessions." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Accounting and Finance, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-7746.

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Problem

When choosing topic for this study the economy was on the brink of a recession. Many experts made varying statements regarding this fact, and further readings in this area led us to question: can an in- clusion of gold enhance the performance in an index portfolio dur- ing recessions? And if so, how much should be allocated to gold?

Purpose

The purpose of this thesis is to look back at the historical price de- velopment of gold and DJIA during recessions in order to find out whether an inclusion of gold can improve a DJIA index portfolio held in today’s recession. In addition, by analyzing the risks and pos- sibilities with gold, the optimal allocation of gold in a DJIA portfolio will be investigated in.

 

Method

The methodological approach will be of a quantitative data analysis approach. By using historical data, new empirical findings will be found by using the deductive approach. This method has been cho- sen due to the nature of the purpose and in order to best give a gen- eral answer to our research questions.

Conclusion

The gold price is strongly influenced by uncertainty, and even though an optimal allocation of gold in each recession could be found, no general optimal allocation applicable in today’s recession could be found. Gold has higher risk (higher variance) than DJIA, but is compensated with higher return as well.

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8

Tandan, Isabelle. "PÅVERKAR DONALD J. TRUMPS TWEETS ANGÅENDE HANDELSKRIGET MELLAN USA OCH KINA DJIA? : En kvantitativ studie om Donald J. Trumps tweets angående handelskriget mellan USA och Kina påverkar Dow Jones Industrial Average." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388794.

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Etableringen av sociala medier har skapat ett nytt medielandskap där beslutsfattare och politiker kan kommunicera direkt med allmänheten. Donald J. Trump är en politiker som valt att kom- municera med sin publik via twitter. Han misstror traditionell medias förmåga att objektivt återge hans utsagor och underminerar journalistiken genom att använda begrepp som ’fake news’. Att en amerikansk presidenten twittrar är inget nytt fenomen men frekvensen och reto- riken i Donald J. Trumps tweets är något nytt. Dessa nya medievanor kan få konsekvenser inom flera sektorer inte minst på finansmarknaden. Vilken påverkan hans twittrande har på aktiemarknaden är frågan som behandlas i denna uppsats. Uppsatsens syfte är således att studera om Donald J. Trumps tweets påverkar Dow Jones In- dustrial Average (DJIA). Studien avgränsas till handelskriget mellan USA och Kina. Vidare avgränsas studien till en tidsperiod om ett år, från februari 2018 till februari 2019. Uppsatsen studerar enbart USA:s president Donald J. Trumps tweets. Studien genomförs genom event study som jämför normal returns innan händelsen (tweet) med den abnormal returns efter. Tweetsen är utvalda baserat på ett antal nyckelord som testas inom varaktighetsfönster på 5, 10, 15 och 20 minuter, vilket ger uttryck för hur länge effekten varar. Resultatet visar att 8 av 12 tweets har en statistisk signifikant påverkan på DJIA på antingen 1%, 5% eller 10% signifikansnivå. Studien tyder således att presidentens twittrande påverkar DJIA. Slutsatsen av studien är att Donald J. Trumps tweets utgör information som påverkar värde- ringen på aktiemarknaden (DJIA) och dess avkastning. Därför kan konstateras att sociala me- dier, såsom Twitter, är informationskällor som är högst väsentliga att följa för aktörer på finansmarknaden. Vidare får resultatet implikationer för rådande lagstiftning och regleringar, något som redan diskuteras i USA. Studier på området har varit svåra att finna varför vidare forsk- ning på området vore önskvärt.
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9

Moreau-Cassignol, Catherine. "L'esthétique de Djian." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040020.

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La recherche stylistique, à même les textes, des caractères de littérarité propres à cet auteur, a pour finalité de dessiner rigoureusement les grands axes d'une esthétique verbale. L'analyse, « sur le terrain », des stylèmes de littérarité, est bien en lien étroit avec les caractères majeurs d'une vision du monde. Quatre grandes entrées thématiques, apparemment hétérogènes, composent ce travail et fonctionnent comme autant de clés d'accès à l'univers djianesque. La thématisation du sexe, le silence, les symboles, l'identité, se veulent des approches perceptives qui, selon un mouvement centripète, partent de l'extérieur, de l'image, pour aller vers un centre, le noyau attractif que représente l'identité narrative. La notion de perception, qui induit l'idée de présence physique de l'œuvre, entraine également le concept, capital, de réception. Ainsi cette étude débordera sur la question de la représentativité contextuelle, une sémiostylistique donc, visant à cerner les enjeux de la mise en œuvre des processus de signification. Mais auparavant, l'essentiel du travail visera à analyser le propre de l'esthétique de Djian, c'est à dire le matériau dans lequel elle est incarnée, à savoir, un style, une écriture, écriture comme empreinte singulière, comme trace, comme signature
The stylistic study, within the texts themselves, of the remarkable literarity characteristics specific to the author, aims at rigorously drawing up the main axes of verbal aesthetics. The “field” analysis of literarity stylems is indeed closely linked to the main characteristics of a world vision. Four main themes, apparently heterogeneous, form the work and operate as keys to the world of Djian. Sex as theme, silence, symbols and the identity are as many perceptive approaches which, according to a centripetal force, move from the outside, the image, to the center, the attracting node which is the narrative identity. The notion of perception, which implies the idea of the physical presence of the work, leads to the essential notion of reception. This study will thus move to the aspect of contextual representativeness, stylistic semiology aiming at grasping the objectives of meaning processes. But beforehand, the main point of the study will be the analysis of the specificity of Djian's aesthetics, i. E. The material in which it is embodied: a style, a writing as a peculiar stamp, a mark, a signature
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10

Edin, Karl Olov. "DJ:a techno : Att spela skivor som ett instrument." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för musik, pedagogik och samhälle, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-1609.

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Projektet handlar om hur jag har lärt mig grunderna för att kunna DJ:a techno. Detta innebär bland annat att i realtid överlagra och sammanfoga ljudkällor för att skapa en musikalisk helhet. Under denna process har jag lärt mig om olika mixningstekniker, hård- och mjukvara, repertoar samt både DJ:andet och technons historia. Detta har i sin tur väckt tankar om hur jag i framtiden kan använda DJ:ande som ett redskap inom musikundervisning och som ett yrke. Projektet har konkret resulterat i en mixtape som finns tillängligt via det tryckta exemplaret samt en spelning på en privat fest.
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11

Chavarie, Hugo. "Philippe Djian poétique de la lecture, éthique de l'écriture." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2619.

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Divisé en trois chapitres, à la jonction de la poétique et de l'éthique de la communication littéraire, ce mémoire propose que les écrivains, avant d'être écrivains, sont d'abord des lecteurs en puissance. Exclusivement consacrée au romancier français Philippe Djian (1949-), l'analyse vise, dans le premier chapitre, à dégager et à décrire les pratiques de lecture propres à cet écrivain, telles qu'il les présente dans ses entretiens et dans un essai en hommage à ses modèles littéraires, intitulé Ardoise . Il en ressort une poétique djianesque de la lecture , comprise comme une réponse aux questions que lit-on? comment lit-on? pourquoi lit-on? , comme une manière de lire, de vivre, et ultimement, d'écrire. Le deuxième chapitre se penche sur la façon dont le principe générateur qu'est la lecture, de même que la tribu invisible formée des modèles de Djian, s'inscrivent et agissent dans l'oeuvre romanesque, à travers, d'une part, cinq figures du lecteur fictif, et d'autre part, l'élaboration d'un rapport entre un texte et un lecteur, idéal ou réel. Le troisième chapitre aborde l' éthique djianesque de l'écriture (générosité, colère, sens de la dérision, foi et style), issue de la poétique de la lecture, et pose la question de savoir comment Djian parvient à se distinguer de ses modèles, en dépit de la prégnance avec laquelle ceux-ci ont marqué tant son existence que sa démarche d'écriture. Ce chapitre tente également d'expliquer la dynamique émotionnelle et l'énergie communicative qui nourrissent, pendant un temps, l'oeuvre de Djian, et qui favorisent, selon l'argumentation développée dans le mémoire, l'adhésion des lecteurs.
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12

Polívka, Ondřej. "Dopad fundamentálních zpráv na vybrané akciové indexy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264151.

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This thesis investigates the impact of the fundamental news announcements on the movements of the stock indexes SAX, SaP500 and DJIA. The theoretical part of the thesis describe the basic structure and properties of these indexes. There are also presented theoretical and empirically validated relationships between different fundamental news and the indexes. These relationships are described based on the theory of efficient markets, technical, fundamental and psychological analysis. The practical part of the thesis analyze the impact of fundamental news (5 types - index SAX and 6 types- SaP500 and DJIA) 2005-2015. There is analyzed the impact of news announcements on the day of the notice and the day after the announcement. The result is there exist significant relationship between "surprise" value of inflation and interest rates news and indexes SaP500 and DJIA.
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13

Eom, Dji-In Gina [Verfasser]. "Manipulating microglia in Alzheimer's disease / Dji-In Gina Eom." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075757452/34.

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14

Toutain, Christine. "Etude structure/fonction de DjlA, une protéine membranaire de la famille des chaperons DnaJ/Hsp40." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112268.

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Les bactéries, comme Escherichia coli, doivent continuellement faire face à des variations environnementales et leur survie dépend de leur capacité d'adaptation. Elles ont alors développé de nombreux systèmes de transduction de signaux et, entre autres, le système RcsC/B qui régule en particulier l'opéron cps, responsable de la production d'acide colanique, composant de la capsule bactérienne. Seuls des signaux liés à une modification de l'enveloppe dans des conditions de laboratoire sont connus pour déclencher RcsC/B, et en particulier une surexpression modérée de la chaperon membranaire DjlA. DjlA appartient à la famille des chaperons DnaJ, eux-mêmes membres du système DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE. Ce système chaperon est non seulement très largement répandu chez tous les types cellulaires, mais il est également impliqué dans de très nombreux processus de la vie de la cellule. DjlA en est un membre particulier à cause de son insertion dans la membrane interne qui est une caractéristique rare dans la famille DnaJ. .
Bacteria, such as Escherchia coli, must constantly deal with changes in their environment and their survival depends upon their ability to adapt. They have therefore developed numerous signal transduction systems including, amongst others, the RcsC/B system, which regulates the cps operon responsible for the production of a component of the bacterial capsule, colanic acid. Only signals which are linked to envelope modification, in laboratory conditions, are known to turn on the RcsC/B system, and notably a slight overexpression of the inner membrane chaperone DjlA. DjlA belongs to the DnaJ family of chaperones, which are themselves members of the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE system. This chaperone system is not only found in all cell types, but is also implicated in many cellular processes. DjlA is a rather interesting member because it is inserted into the internal membrane, a rare characteristic of proteins in the DnaJ family. .
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Oke, Ndum Fidelis. "Deforestation Impacts on Biodiversity Conservation in the Dja Biosphere Reserve of Cameroon." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-11942.

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Abstract The tropical rainforest of the world are very important for the global ecosystems. Most of the remaining rainforest in Africa is concentrated within the Congo Basin forest area. The Congo basin rainforest is second that of the Amazon basin and with the Indonesian forest are the most important rainforest in the world. The Dja Biosphere reserve which is located in the South Eastern part of Cameroon forms the upperparts of the Congo Basin Forest. Despite the fact that this area is a natural reserve implying that certain human activities like cutting down of forests around the buffer zones and hunting without permission are outlawed, we notice that there is increasing damage being done to this reserve especially around its periphery. The study aimed at examining the impact of deforestation activities on the Dja biosphere reserve to see if the exploitation is in a sustainable way or not. It also aimed at looking at the importance of the reserve to local communities who live around the area, the reasons for exploitation and the impacts, which stakeholders and what roles they play, and finally to find a better management strategy for the future. To be able to meet the objectives, the study was mostly analytical using carefully selected data to illustrate the problem and showed loopholes in policies. Suggestions for better management were made after looking at certain theories (Triple bottom line concept, Adaptive environmental planning, and Market instruments of Charge and Permit systems) and their possible applications. The study showed that the reserve was still 90% untouched but that some species were endangered even though none was critically under threat. It also showed that some species were conservation dependent and the reports of threats were increasing. Also, it was noticed that the reserve was very important to local populations not just as a means of subsistence but also as a way of increasing their household incomes. Recommendations are made with regards to the consideration for autonomous management, increase public participation in decision making and enforcement, and the creation of a special fund for collected charges from logging companies so that the funds can be used to increase conservation efforts. It is very necessary to increase conservation efforts as a precautionary step than to wait for the level of degradation to increase before taking action.
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Tautz, Mirjam. "Transferts du roman français contemporain. Jean Echenoz, Philippe Djian et Sylvie Germain en Allemagne (1986-2004)." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040217.

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« Transferts du roman français contemporain » analyse les différentes étapes des transferts des romans de trois écrivains français contemporain, Jean Echenoz, Philippe Djian et Sylvie Germain vers l’Allemagne : les contextes éditoriaux et les éléments du péritexte, la traduction des romans et de leurs univers, la réception par la critique universitaire et journalistique. La spécificité de la démarche consiste en la prise en compte de tous ces moments du transfert et des divers acteurs et médiateurs qui y interviennent, permettant ainsi de suivre le parcours des œuvres transférées. L’objectif est de cerner les stratégies et les normes, préliminaires et opérationnelles, impliquées dans l’édition et la traduction des romans, ainsi que les attentes envers le roman français contemporain, détectables à travers l’accueil critique d’écrivains considérés comme représentatifs de cette réception
“Transfers of the contemporary French novel” analyses the various stages of the transfers of the novels of three contemporary French writers, Jean Echenoz, Philippe Djian and Sylvie Germain towards Germany: the editorial context and the elements of the peritext, the translation of the novels and their universes, the critical and journalistic reception. The specificity of the approach is to consider all these moments of transfer and the different actors and mediators involved, in order to follow step by step the course of the transferred works. The purpose is to demonstrate the preliminary and operational norms and strategies in the publishing and the translation of the novels as well as the expectations concerning the contemporary French novel, detectable through the critical reception of the writers from now on considered as representative of this reception
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Solly, Hilary. ""Vous êtes grands, nous sommes petits": the implications of Bulu history, culture and economy for an Integrated Conservation and Development Project (ICDP) in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211362.

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18

Larsson, Johan, and Marcus Stark. "Utvärdering av lägesosäkerheter i ortofoton framtagna med hjälp av DJI Phantom 4 RTK." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29914.

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Flygfotografering med Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) är i jämförelse med traditionell fotogrammetri effektivare, billigare och säkrare vilket har medfört att denna teknik föredras av många aktörer. Ett tidskrävande arbete som varit svårt att kringgå är att etablera flygsignaler på marken som används för att georeferera och kontrollera flygbilderna med. Under 2018 presenterade UAS-tillverkaren DJI sin nya quadcopter med integrerad Real-Time Kinematic (RTK)-modul. I samband med detta kan kontinuerliga och noggranna positioner levereras via Nätverks-RTK (NRTK) och behovet av markstödpunkter reduceras. I denna studie undersöktes lägesosäkerheterna i plan för ortofoton som framställdes med hjälp av en DJI Phantom 4 RTK där flygbilderna georefererades med begränsat antal eller utan markstödpunkter. Lägesosäkerheterna beräknades och kontrollerades enligt Handbok i mät- och kartfrågor (HMK) – Ortofoto, vilket är ett stöddokument inom ämnet. Vid framställning av ett ortofoto krävs även en digital terrängmodell (DTM) eller en digital ytmodell (Digital Surface Model, DSM) och kvaliteten av denna har stor inverkan på ortofotots kvalitet. I denna studie kontrollerades och utvärderades därför en del av den DSM som användes vid ortofotoframställning för respektive uppsättning enligt den tekniska specifikationen SIS-TS 21144:2016. Resultatet från studien visar att ett ortofoto går att framställas utan markstödpunkter och samtidigt klara kraven på specificerad lägesosäkerhet enligt HMK-standardnivå 3. Den sammanlagda lägesosäkerheten beräknades till 0,029 m vilket är 5 mm högre i jämförelse med ett ortofoto som baserats på traditionell georefereringsmetod, dvs. med markstödpunkter. Kravet på kvalitet i höjddata uppfylldes också för ortofotoframställning trots att en systematisk effekt i höjd uppkom. Denna effekt påverkade inte ortofotots koordinater i plan då standardosäkerheterna i höjd var låga. Resultatet visade att om två markstödpunkter adderades i vardera änden av området, kunde de systematiska effekterna i höjd minimeras och det var då möjligt att skapa en DSM som uppfyller kraven för detaljprojektering (noggrannhetsklass 1–3) enligt SIS-TS 21144:2016.
Aerial photography with UAS is in comparison with traditional photogrammetry more efficient, cheaper and safer which has led to this technology being preferred by many performers. A time-consuming job that has been difficult to avoid is to establish signals at the ground that are used for georeferencing and evaluate the results. In 2018, the UAS manufacturer DJI presented its new quadcopter with integrated Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) module. This allows continuous and accurate positions delivered via Network RTK (NRTK) and the need of ground control points can be reduced. In this study, investigations of the position uncertainties in orthophotos produced using a DJI Phantom 4 RTK carried out where the aerial images were georeferenced with limited numbers or without ground control points. The position uncertainties were calculated and controlled according to the Swedish HMK – Ortofoto (Orthophoto) which is a document within the subject. When producing an orthophoto, a digital terrain model (DTM) or a digital surface model (DSM) is also required and the quality of this has a great impact on the result. Therefore, a part of the DSM used for orthophoto production for each set was checked and evaluated according to the Swedish technical specification, SIS-TS 21144:2016. The result of the study shows that an orthophoto can be produced without ground control points and at the same time meet the requirements for specified position uncertainty according to HMK standard level 3. The total position uncertainty was calculated to be 0,029 m, which is 5 mm higher compared to the orthophoto based on the traditional georeferencing method, i.e. with ground control points. The requirement for quality in height data was also met for orthophoto production even though a systematic effect in height occurred. This effect did not affect the plane coordinates in the orthophoto because of the low standard uncertainties in height. The result showed that if two ground control points were added at each end of the area, the systematic effects were minimized, and it was possible to produce a DSM that fulfils the requirements for accuracy class 1-3 according to SIS-TS 21144:2016.
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Bridon, Marcel. "La Vulgarisation du progrès agricole dans le département du Dja et Lobo (sud Cameroun)." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603456t.

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20

Sonke, Bonaventure. "Etudes floristiques et structurales des forêts de la réserve de faune du Dja (Cameroun)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212047.

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21

Bååth, Maya, and Frida Jonsson. "Utvärdering av höjdosäkerhet i digital terrängmodell framtagen med fotografier infångade med DJI Phantom 4 RTK." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32797.

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Att använda obemannade flygfarkoster, även kallat UAS (unmanned aerial systems), i karterings- och modelleringssyften har blivit en välanvänd metod de senaste åren. Mycket på grund av den tekniska utvecklingen som till stor del automatiserat processen med att framställa höjdmodeller och ortofoton. Inom ramen för denna studie kommer vi att titta närmare på hur olika faktorer påverkar höjdosäkerheten hos en höjdmodell framställd med data insamlat med en Real-Time Kinetic-UAS (RTK-UAS). Studien kommer dels att undersöka hur stor osäkerheten blir om endast den integrerade nätverks-RTK:n (NRTK) används vid georeferering av flygbilderna, dels att se hur stor påverkan adderade markstödpunkter har på osäkerheten. Studien kommer även undersöka hur stor påverkan flyghöjden har på osäkerheten genom att jämföra data från två flyghöjder: 100 m och 50 m. Det sista studien som undersöks är vilken inverkan snedbilder har på osäkerheten. Detta genom att jämföra en flygning där lodbilder tagits med en flygning där kameran har haft en vinkling på 60° från lod. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av Falun kommuns mättekniker som manövrerade UAS:en. För att kunna testa markstödpunkternas inverkan på osäkerheten mättes nio punkter in. Även kontrollprofiler mättes för att kunna kontrollera höjdmodellerna som producerades. Totalt genomfördes 3 olika flygningar: 100 m med lodbilder, 50 m med lodbilder samt 50 m med snedbilder. De insamlade fotografierna importerades till programvaran Agisoft Metashape där de georefererades med olika metoder. För att undersöka hur markstödpunkter påverkar osäkerheten genomfördes fem olika georefereringsmetoder av fotografierna tagna på 100 m flyghöjd med olika antal markstödpunkter i varje. RMS-värdet varierade från 0,060 m för NRTK + 1 GCP till 0,068 m för NRTK+2 GCP som fick den högsta osäkerheten.Undersökningen av flyghöjder visade att en lägre flyghöjd har en tydlig effekt på mätosäkerheten. En minskning av RMS-värdet sågs när 50 m flyghöjd användes jämfört med när 100 m flyghöjd användes. Användningen av snedbilder gav ingen tydlig effekt på mätosäkerheten. RMS-värdet blev 0,014 m då lodbilder användes och 0,017 m då snedbilder användes. Snedbildernas resultat försämrades något på grund av den adderade höjden från gräset, så på endast hårdgjorda ytor blir RMS-värdet från snedbildsflygningen noterbart lägre än RMS-värdet från lodbildsflygningen.
The technology of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) has gained popularity as atool for mapping and modeling applications in recent years. This is mainly dueto the technological developments that have largely automated the process ofproducing digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthophotos. This study investigates the factors that effect the height uncertainty in anelevation model that is produced with data collected with a NRTK-UAS(Network Real-Time Kinematic UAS). We also evaluate two differentscenarios i.e. how the uncertainty is affected by using only NRTK-UAS andthe effect of adding ground control points (GCPs) to NRTK-UAS. It is alsoinvestigated how the flying height and using oblique images affect the DEMuncertainty. This will be assessed by comparing two flights i.e. by capturingnadiral and oblique images. The oblique images were captured at a 60° angle. The study was realised with help from the surveying engineer of Falunmunicipality, who maneuvered the UAS. The study area was around three anda half ha and consisted mainly of park. To be able to test differentgeoreferencing methods GCP:s were surveyed, as well as control profiles thatserved as a reference for investigating the uncertainty of the elevation model.There were totally 3 different flying methods tested: 100 m with nadiralorientation, 50 m with nadiral orientation and 50 m with oblige orientation. The acquired data was processed in the software Agisoft Metashape, where itwas georeferenced with different above-mentioned methods. To be able toexamine which impact GCP has on the uncertainty, five different sets withdifferent number of GCP were made with the photos captured from 100 mflying height. The RMS value varied from 0,060 m for NRTK+1 GCP whichhad the lowest RMS value to 0,068 m for NRTK+2 GCP which had the highest RMS value. We used the combination of NRTK-UAS and GCPs for testing the impact offlying height on the uncertainty. The flying heights 100 m and 50 m wascompared. A decrease of the uncertainty was observed when the flying heightwas 50 m instead of 100 m. Our results show that the RMS-value increased from 0,014 m to 0,017 musing nadiral and oblique images, respectively. The difference is too small tobe able to draw a conclusion. The results for the oblique images improvedwhen only hard surfaces such as asphalt, concrete etc. were observed.
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Lakhal, Fatma. "Développement d'outils génétiques pour identifier les facteurs de virulence chez Vibrio tapetis, un vibrio pathogène de palourde." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112278.

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Les travaux de cette thèse ont porté sur le développement d’outils génétiques pour l’étude de Vibrio tapetis, l’agent étiologique de la maladie de l’anneau brun chez la palourde Ruditapes philippinarum. L’acquisition de ces outils a ainsi permis de caractériser djlA, un gène qui code pour une protéine chaperon membranaire de la famille de DnaJ/ Hsp40. L’analyse du locus de djlA chez V. Tapetis a révélé une organisation putative en opéron: en aval de djlA on trouve un gène Vt-duf924, codant pour une protéine de fonction inconnue. Il a été également montré l’importance de djlA dans la virulence chez V. Tapetis. Par ailleurs, un plasmide pVT1 de 82,3 kb a été isolé à partir de la souche V. Tapetis CECT 4600. PVT1 présente une structure en mosaïque et contient également un grand nombre d’éléments mobiles. Ainsi, l’analyse de pVT1 souligne l’importance des transferts horizontaux et le rôle de navette que jouent les plasmides dans l’acquisition de nouvelles ressources génétiques, parmi des bactéries partageant un même environnement. De plus, une caractérisation taxonomique basée sur une approche biochimique et de séquençage de l’ADN 16S a été menée sur une collection de souches Vibrio isolées de palourdes sains ou subissant des épisodes de mortalités en Tunisie. Il a été montré que la plupart des souches appartiennent au groupe des V. Splendidus. La virulence de trois de ces souches a été étudiée in vivo et in vitro. Ces souches ne semblent pas virulentes. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives de recherche dans la compréhension des bases moléculaires de la virulence de V. Tapetis et vers une meilleure compréhension des interactions hôte-pathogène
This thesis focused on the development of genetic tools for studying Vibrio tapetis, the causative agent of the brown ring disease affecting cultured Manila clams Ruditapes philippinarum. These tools were used to characterize djlA, a gene that encodes an inner membrane co-chaperone belonging to the DnaJ/Hsp40 family. Analysis of the djlA locus in V. Tapetis revealed a putative organization in operon with a downstream gene Vt-duf924, encoding a conserved protein. The importance of djlA for V. Tapetis virulence was demonstrated. In addition, pVT1, a 82. 3kb plasmid was isolated and its sequence determined. Interesting feature of pVT1 are its mosaic structure and the presence of numerous mobile genetic elements. The analysis of pVT1 underscores the importance of horizontal transfers amongst marine bacteria and plasmid shuffling in the acquisition of new genetic resources. Finally, a taxonomic characterization, based on biochemical characters and 16S rDNA sequencing was conducted on a collection of strains isolated from healthy or diseased clams in Tunisia. It was found that most strains belong to the species V. Splendidus. These strains did not appear to be virulent. The results open new perspectives to understand the molecular basis of the virulence of V. Tapetis and for a better understanding of bivalve-pathogen interactions
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Johnsson, Fredrik. "Objekthöjders betydelse för bildövertäckning vid UAV-fotografering." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68607.

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Det finns ett fåtal studier som berör objekthöjders betydelse för bildövertäckning vid UAV-fotografering. Därför är det intressant att undersöka hur objekthöjder, bildövertäckningar, och flyghöjder påverkar varandra samt hur de gemensamt påverkar kvaliteten på data. Syfte är att undersöka hur bildövertäckningen, och flyghöjder påverkar kvaliteten på ortofoton och digitala ytmodeller. Samt undersöka hur objekthöjder påverkar bildövertäckningen. Kriteriet för studieområdet var att det skulle finnas ett högt objekt. Studien utfördes därför i Inre hamn i Karlstad som omfattar Löfbergsskrapan på ca 42 m. Studien avser UAVs som begränsas enligt Transportstyrelsens regler (TSFS 2017:110). Målet var att presentera referenstabeller till företag eller privatpersoner som samlar in mätdata med UAV. Data samlades in på flyghöjderna; 120 m och 90 m, med bildövertäckningarna; 60/60 %, 80/80 %, och 90/90 %. Höjddata för Löfbergsskrapan mättes in med Satlab GNSS. Resultatet visade att bildövertäckningen 60/60 % inte var användbart inom ett område med maximal objekthöjd 42 m. Det behövdes ≥80/80 % bildövertäckning för att få en bra markupplösning. I studien undersöktes även hur mycket bildövertäckningen kan förändras när objekt ligger under markytans plan. Resultatet visar att bildövertäckningen ökar när objektet eller ytan avviker tillräckligt mycket ifrån markytans plan och minskar om det går tillräckligt högt ovanför markytan. Slutsatsen föreslår att bildövertäckningen ska vara minst 80/80 % för flyghöjderna 120 m och 90 m. De inställningarna innebär att byggnader på ca 42 m höjd ska representeras med 2-3 cm markupplösning i ortofoton och digitala ytmodeller samt omfatta en resursvänlig metod. Slutsatsen menar att förändringen av bildövertäckningen varierar mellan 10-50 % när markytan ligger ca 42 m lägre än starthöjden för en UAV.
There are a few available studies purely focusing on the object heights significance on image overlap in UAV-photogrammetry. Therefore, it is interesting to examine how object heights, image overlaps, and altitudes affect each other and how they jointly affect data quality. The purpose is to examine how image overlap, and altitude affect the quality of orthophotos and digital elevation models. And also examine how object heights affect image overlap. The study area was selected with the criterion of including a high rise building. Therefore, the study area was Inre hamn in Karlstad City covering Löfbergsskrapan, a 42 m high coffee roasting house. The study refers to UAVs restricted according to rules set by Transportstyrelsen (TSFS 2017:110). The objective was to present useful reference tables for companies and individuals working with UAV-data. Data was collected on the altitudes; 120 m and 90 m with an image overlap of; 60/60 %, 80/80 %, and 90/90 %. Elevation values was collected with Satlab GNSS. Results showed that using an image overlap of 60/60 % for both altitudes was not viable in an area covering an object of 42 m high. The image overlap should be at least ≥80/80 % to cover objects of 42 m high. The objective was also to examine how image overlap differ when an object is below ground level. Results showed that image overlap increases when an object or surface differ 42 m from ground level and decreases if the object is above ground level. The conclusion suggests that in order to include objects of 42 m high in an area the image overlap should be at least 80/80 % for both altitudes (120 m and 90 m). With those settings the ground resolution in orthophotos and digital elevations models should be 2-3 cm. It was also estimated that the image overlap may alter from settings anywhere between 10-50 % when ground level is 42 m below the point of departure of the UAV.
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Padilla, De la Cruz Lino Walter. "Estudio de control de posición de un dron DJI Tello con los movimientos y gestos de la mano." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/18193.

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La evolución tecnológica de los robots ha ido creciendo constantemente durante los últimos años no solo en industrias de producción sino también en la vida social de las personas. Los denominados robots sociales o robots autónomos están ocupando más tareas en la vida diaria de las personas con el pasar de los años. Estos robots están siendo diseñados para servirnos y así tener un estilo de vida más sencillo. Por otro lado, los robots voladores (drones) han sido utilizados con más frecuencia en distintas áreas como la topografía, control fiscal, entre otros. Sin embargo, recientes aplicaciones se están orientando a un uso cotidiano de los drones. Este objetivo se logrará buscando formas de interacción más fluida con los robots, con el menor uso de dispositivos adicionales. Actualmente los drones son controlados usando un control remoto o joystick lo cual resulta adecuado cuando este se encuentra a una distancia superior a los dos metros. Sin embargo, cuando el dron se encuentra a una distancia menor a los dos metros de las personas se vuelve cada vez más redundante el uso de un joystick para controlar su posición. Diversos estudios demuestran que las personas se muestran más cómodas y seguras controlando al dron utilizando los movimientos y gestos de una mano cuando estos se encuentran cerca. El presente trabajo de investigación hace una revisión de la literatura basada en el procesamiento de imágenes para reconocimiento de objetos (una mano) y los distintos desarrollos o aplicaciones implementados en drones sociales. La combinación de estas investigaciones busca generar una nueva capacidad de interacción que permita controlar a los drones utilizando los movimientos y gestos de una mano.
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Djian, Benjamin [Verfasser], Ivo [Akademischer Betreuer] Feussner, Ulf [Gutachter] Diederichsen, Franc [Gutachter] Meyer, Ralf [Gutachter] Ficner, Kai [Gutachter] Tittmann, and Jörg [Gutachter] Stülke. "Fatty acid oxidizing enzymes in Lobosphaera incisa / Benjamin Djian ; Gutachter: Ulf Diederichsen, Franc Meyer, Ralf Ficner, Kai Tittmann, Jörg Stülke ; Betreuer: Ivo Feussner." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156780152/34.

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Betti, Jean. "Usages traditionnels et vulnérabilité des plantes médicinales dans le Réserve du Dja et dans les marchés de Yaoundé (Cameroun)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211575.

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Hamáček, Vojtěch. "Vývoj bezpilotního prostředku pro autonomní mise." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442528.

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The aim of this thesis is to modify commercially produced drone DJI Matrice 100 and replace its original control unit by open source Pixhawk and its accessories. Subsequently, it deals with the selection of suitable open source firmware for Pixhawk and its configuration on the device. Another part is dedicated to the possibilities of using the Robotic Operating System (ROS) and its Mavros libraries on the onboard computer Raspberry Pi. By using Mavros, it examines the possibilities of drone flight control, both in the simulation environment and in the real environment.
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elf, andreas, and Riffo Eduardo Gonzalez. "Risk-adjusted return performance on a screened index : An empirical investigation of a Shariah screened index and a non-screened index." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20110.

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This paper investigates whether an Islamic screened benchmark index shows a different risk adjusted performance in comparison to a non-screened benchmark index. In contrast to other papers this study analyzes daily observations in the years from 2007 to 2012, a period heavily affected by the financial crisis. The Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Jensen measure of abnormal returns are used to estimate and compare the indexes mean risk-adjusted returns. The results show that the Islamic index does not reveal any different level of daily mean risk-adjusted returns compared to the conventional non-screened index. Hence, Muslims who align their investments according to the teachings of Islam are not worse off than non-restricted investors following the screened Islamic index.
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Roberts, Susan Jane. "Gunak, Gapalg Dja Gungod ('Fire, floodplain and paperbark') : a study of fire behaviour in the Melaleuca-floodplain communities of Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245216.

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In the past fire ecology literature in the tropics has focused mostly on the role of fire within the savanna biome. The fire ecology of tropical wetlands has been largely neglected. This thesis attempts to redress this imbalance by examining the fire behaviour of the wetlands in Kakadu National Park, northern Australia. Wetland burning has become a critical management issue in the Park, particularly since the eradication of the feral Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus) from the Park. Fuel loads, which had been previously suppressed by grazing and trampling, have increased substantially, and this has subsequently affected the fire ecology of the region. This thesis investigates aspects of fire ecology in the Mclaleucafloodplain communities of Kakadu. It examines Aboriginal people's contemporary use and knowledge of fire, as well as the fire behaviour and impact of fires both set by Aboriginal people and from other sources of ignition. In addition, a 'Wetland Burning Index' (WBI) is compiled in order to examine some of the interactions between wetland fuel, weather and fire behaviour. A range of ecological and ethnoecological methodologies are employed in order to measure fire behaviour in situ rather than approximating specific fire regimes under experimental conditions. The thesis assesses the effectiveness and practicability of these methods. A description of wetland fire behaviour is also given, and includes a range of fire types and phenomena. Aboriginal names of fires, and related terms, are also detailed (in the Gundjeihmi language), some of which have not been previously documented. The study concludes by discussing how indigenous people's knowledge of fire can contribute to the field of wetland fire ecology. It also discusses how different fire types can be used to manage tropical wetland ecosystems.
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Djiba, Aliou [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Bismayer. "Porphyrische Cu-Mo-Au-Re und epithermale Au-Ag-Te Vererzungen der Insel Limnos, nordöstliche Ägäis, Griechenland : Mineralogie-Mineralchemie der hydrothermalen Alterationen und damit verbundene Vererzungen / Aliou Djiba ; Betreuer: Ulrich Bismayer." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1196296103/34.

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Ngandjui, Germain. "Inventaire et utilisation durable de la faune mammalienne en milieu forestier équatorial : cas du secteur ouest de la réserve de la biosphère du Dja (Sud-Cameroun)." Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30034.

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MANAÇAS, Mirtes Emilia Almeida. "Inhõ Pyka Já, Inhõ Ba Já Djwy Dja Ba Ijôk Me Py o Utà além do que os olhos vêem: etnogênese, Xikrin-Mebêngôkre e a macrorregião de Marabá." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4382.

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Partindo de considerações teóricas acerca do conceito de Etnogênese, a dissertação aborda o processo dos Xikrin de REfazer, REestruturar, REconfigurar e REelaborar suas relações políticas, sociais, culturais e econômicas em todas as áreas de sua vida, diante do encontro com o ―outro‖, desencadeando uma nova identidade individual e coletiva. Verifica-se, desde os tempos míticos aos dias atuais, que o processo histórico da relação Xikrin versus ―outro‖, pode ser percebido a partir dos traços existentes em seus corpos através da pintura e ornamentação, sendo a pintura corporal uma das ferramentas utilizadas como arma de resistência, no intuito de manter a existência de sua comunidade da melhor maneira possível, dentro de suas perspectivas de vida.
Based on theoretical considerations on the concept of Ethnogenesis, this dissertation addresses the process of how the Xikrin Indians remake, restructure, reconfigure and reelaborate their political, social, cultural and economic relations in all areas of their lives, when meeting the ―other‖, initiating a new collective and individual identity. One verifies that since the mythical times and until today, the historical process of the Xikrin versus ―the other‖, may be perceived from the their existing body paintings and ornaments, the first being one of the tools used as defense armament, aiming to maintain, in the best way possible, the existence of their community within their live perspectives.
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Macek, Jakub. "Létající robot pro práci v exteriéru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241706.

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This thesis focuses on the design of the hexacopter construction for photographic purposes with maximum load of 4 kg. When constructing a hexacopter it is necessary to take into account a number of factors. For the actual construction the correct dimensioning of the supporting frame is important as well as the locomotor system. The main concept of this thesis includes three-axis gimbal for camera control. The verification of the structure strength was performed using FEM analysis. This work describes also the selection of individual components and their wiring. The end is dedicated to safety and different procedures for reducing operation risks.
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Senterre, Bruno. "Recherches méthodologiques pour la typologie de la végétation et la phytogéographie des forêts denses d'Afrique tropicale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210954.

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I. An original methodological discussion is proposed on the problem of the typology of tropical rain forest’s plant communities, based on the study of forest types across gradients of continentality and elevation, within Atlantic central Africa. These investigations were based on the statement that the main problems in forest typology are related to the non-zonal or zonal character of the different vegetation types and to non considering the relations and differences between forest strata.

II. Field data consisted in phytosociological homogeneous sample plots localized within different recognized phytogeographical entities, in a region of tropical Africa where these entities are known to be well conserved. A total of 37 such plots were inventoried in the region extending from the littoral forests of Ndoté, Equatorial Guinea, which are wet evergreen forests, to the continental forests of the Dja, Cameroon, known as evergreen seasonal forests. The studied region also included the oriental Atlantic forests of Equatorial Guinea, known as moist evergreen forests or caesalp forests. In various parts of this continentality gradient, some plots were localized within climax non-zonal formations, namely the submontane rain forests. The emphasis was put on the vegetation of the Monte Alén National Park.

The sampling methodology was willing to be as "complete ", including all strata, "quantitative ", enumerating all individuals, and "representative ", within each stratum, as possible. These multi-layers plots were realised using nested sub-plots, with a sampling size of 100 individuals for every ligneous stratum recognized (dominant trees, dominated trees and shrubs) and a sampling size of 200m² for the herbaceous and suffrutex stratum.

Forest types were defined independently for each stratum and the differences were analysed. A method was proposed for the simultaneous analysis of all floristic data, converting and standardizing the values from ligneous strata, on the one hand, and from understorey strata, on the other hand.

III. Ten forest types were described using IndVal and discussed in the general context of the guineo-congolian region, from a syntaxonomic view point (agglomerative classification) and from a phytogeographical view point (divisive classification). Homologies between these two approaches are described. The proposed phytogeographical system is based on an "open " conception of hierarchical classifications, combining advantages of agglomerative and divisive classifications. In concrete terms, the non-zonal criteria, for example the submontane variants, are categorised separately and in analogy with the zonal criteria, related to the usual phytochoria.

Analysis of ecological relationships for the 10 communities showed that the main variables related to the floristic variability in our mainland rain forests are elevation, rainfall, hygrometry (estimated using bryophytes cover levels) and distance to the ocean. The two extremes on the vertical microclimatic gradient, dominant trees stratum and herbaceous stratum, give similar typologies, however canonical analysis showed that for the herbaceous layer, non-zonal variables (hygrometry and elevation) were gaining more importance when the influence of the two zonal variables was attenuated. In every case, spatial autocorrelation was less important than the environment in explaining floristic variability but its role increased in the spatial arrangement of understorey species, whose dispersal capacity is generally lower than canopy trees. The phytosociological, phytogeographical and ecological description of forest types is accompanied by a physiognomical description using biological types spectrum, as well as architectural models, leaf sizes, etc.

With regard to diversity, we have demonstrated that species richness was higher from upper to lower strata because of the accumulation in lower strata of species from various strata. On the other hand, the proper stratum diversity, i.e. the structural set, decreased from dominant trees to shrubs. The proper diversity of the herb layer showed relatively high figures mainly due to the higher individual density in relation to the existence of microstrata. Within the 37 sample plots, 1,050 taxa have been identified to species or morpho-species levels, for a total of 25,750 individuals. These taxa represent 442 genus among 104 families. The richest forest type is found on the foothills of the Niefang range, on the windward side. This forest type is also characterised by a high number of oligotypic genus and by species belonging to functional types indicators of glacial refuges. These functional types are defined on the basis of the dispersal capacity and on kind of stand needed for effective germination. We formulated the hypothesis that this kind of "foothills refuge ", characterised by his zonal nature, could have been one of the rare refuges for species from mainland rain forests, while montane and fluvial refuges would mainly have preserved species from non-zonal forest types: (sub)montane and riverine.

Based on indicator species of submontane forests, a potential distribution map of this forest type has been realised at the Atlantic central African scale. More than 400 submontane forest localities have been mapped. These forests begin at 400m of altitude near the ocean, and progressively at higher altitude for increasing distance to the ocean. Many lowland localities also comprised submontane species, which could indicate the existence of ecological transgressions. These transgressions would allow migratory tracks for submontane species between isolated mountain ranges, not only during glacial periods, through heights at the northern and southern borders of the congo basin, but also contemporarily through the lowland riverine forest network, in the centre of this basin. Finally, a special attention has been attributed to littoral forests and to some cases of choroecological transgressions, coupled to the ecological equalization phenomenon.


Doctorat en sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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35

Ong, Li Kee. "Correlation between American mortality and DJIA index price." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31746.

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For an equity-linked insurance, the death benefit is linked to the performance of the company’s investment portfolio. Hence, both mortality risk and equity return shall be considered for pricing such insurance. Several studies have found some dependence between mortality improvement and economy growth. In this thesis, we showed that American mortality rate and Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index price are negatively dependent by using several copulas to define the joint distribution. Then, we used these copulas to forecast mortality rates and index prices, and calculated the payoffs of a 10-year term equity-linked insurance. We showed that the predicted insurance payoffs will be smaller if dependence between mortality and index price is taken into account.
October 2016
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36

Xu, Shao-Qi, and 徐少騏. "Stock Market Prediction of DJIA: Using Stochastic Gradient Descent Optimization Technique." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r38euw.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
工業教育與技術學系
107
Abstract The purpose of this study is to establish a DJIA forecasting model. Using Secondary Data: The US Fed FRED data repository, the study sample for a total of 2527 pens, and using SGD to build the optimization model. Many studies had developed various prediction models of stock. The accurate forecasts of the stock market index also mean the high market returns for investors. In this study, we using SGD to build two models: (1) the unadjusted model: Agricultural export prices, VIX index, price of crude oil, energy prices. (2) the adjusted model: price of gold, VIX index, price of crude oil and consumer price index. The analysis found that the US agricultural product export price and the energy price have low adaptability to DJIA, and the gold price and consumer price index can be used to more accurately to predict the DJIA, and acquire R^2 of 96.59 from the adjusted model.
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37

Wu, Chia-Yi. "The Empirical Study of Intraday and Weekday Effects- Evidence from DJIA and NASDAQ High Frequency Indices." 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0017-1901200710273733.

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38

Wu, Chia-Yi, and 巫佳宜. "The Empirical Study of Intraday and Weekday Effects- Evidence from DJIA and NASDAQ High Frequency Indices." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94798095327146090791.

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碩士
中原大學
國際貿易研究所
94
****This study uses the probability distribution techniques to explore the intraday effect and weekday effect of the 10-minuate high frequency returns for the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and NASDAQ composite indices. We find that both DJIA and NASDAQ can form a U-shaped pattern by using absolute intraday returns. However, the U-shape from the DJIA index slightly declines at the closing time, while the U-shape from the NASDAQ index still goes up at the closing time. It implies that most investors of DJIA finish their last trading strategy before ten minutes of the closing. Moreover, the width of the Gaussian distribution in NASDAQ is always wider than in DJIA. This result proves that the trading market in NASDAQ is more risky than in DJIA. Later, as we re-group total intraday returns into the opening, lunch and closing three subgroups, we find that no matter DJIA or NASDAQ index, the lowest center and widest width of the Gaussian distribution occur at the opening trading period. This means that the overnight information is cumulated until next morning, so the opening trading period is the most risky for a whole trading day. Furthermore, it is more likely to cause the sign of intraday returns at one specific trading period to be swamped by the sign of intraday returns at the other specific trading period when we only discuss the weekday effect without considering the intraday effect. If we only consider the weekday effect, the weekend effect seems disappearing. However, if we add the intraday effect and re-classify total intraday returns according to the trading time and the weekday, we will find that the weekend effect still exists, but the occurrence of the weekend effect may be advanced or postponed. Besides, using the Gaussian function to refit the intraday returns, we can find that no matter DJIA or NASDAQ, Thursday has the widest width, while Monday and Tuesday have the narrowest width. Meanwhile, the lunch trading period on Tuesday has the highest height. As a result, we infer that the intraday effect will affect the weekday effect in intraday returns. Similarly, using the log-normal distribution to refit the intraday volatilities, we find that Monday and Tuesday have the lowest average volatility and the lowest peak, while Thursday has the highest average volatility and the highest peak. However, the intraday effect is not significant via observing distributions of intraday volatilities.
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39

Sun, Erh-Yin, and 孫而音. "Intraday price dynamics of S&P 500, Nasdaq-100 and DJIA indexes across index futures and ETF markets." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rj3u3y.

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碩士
國立交通大學
財務金融研究所
92
The purpose of this study is to find out if there are definite co-integration and long-term balance relationships existed among S&P500, DJIA, and Nasdaq100 indexes in stocks and index futures (E-mini and ETF) markets. If there were a long-term co-integration relationship existed and bias happened; then, could a long-term balance still be reached through short-term adjustments? The study tries to find which of those 3 indexes leads the market; and if there were impacts in the States’ stock market, would interactions among those indexes be influenced, and how? Furthermore, the study will also exam the price-propheting functions of those indexes after bubble high-tech and stock prices fluctuations are experienced.
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40

蔡錦昌. "The Study on Return and Volatility Spillover Effect among Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX)、Dow Jones Industrial Average Index(DJIA) and SSE A Share Index (SSEAI)." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75814427338198929594.

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碩士
佛光大學
管理學系
99
This study investigates the nature of volatility spillovers among TAIEX DJIA and SSEAI. In order to analyze the relationship of these three stock markets, we used daily data total have 935 for the period 2.August 2006 to 3.September 2010. Before the analysis, we need to use some kinds of test to examine these time series data to conform with normal, stationary, ARCH, white noise and co-integration. The purpose of the test is to avoid these time series appear spurious regression. Then adopted Bi-EGARCH model, by including a cointegrating residual as an explanatory variable for both the conditional mean and the conditional variance The objective of this study is to provide an empirical analysis included (1)Linkage between the volatility of stock return rate and the spillover effect for three of the stock marketsin this study.(2)To find three of the stocksmarkets of their leader-lag relationship.(3)To test the cross-maeket spillover effect,leverage effect and persistence of volatility of these three market return rate.(4)Testing and discussing if these three markets exist co-integration relationship. This study uses mix likelihood function value to estimate their parameters; the results are as follows: (1) the three independent stock markets, TAIEX、DJIA and SSEAI, are not siginificantly affect by the volatility of each stock market. (2)From degree of stock market correlation, TAIEX and SSEAI are the closest, followed by TAIEX and DJIA, and DJIA and SSEAI been least correlated. (3)The two stock markets,TAIEX and DJIA, are significantly effected by the standardized residual from earlier stage on its contemporary volatility. The stock market return of SSEAI is not significantly effect by its own leverage effect. Thus, the standardized residual from earlier stages does not pose significant effect on the contemporary volatility. (4)The cross-maeket spillover effect study indicates that inter-effect of all stock markets are not significant, that is, one stock market does not get effected by the other two stock markets with their advanced (good news) or retract (bad news). (5)The volatility of these three stock markets and their upward trend are all vulnerable to suffer sign effect and thus become more gradual.(6) Due to cross-market volatility effects, TAIEX and DJIA have the price lead effect on each other, specifically, TAIEX has the price lead effect on SSEAI, but SSEAI does not have the likewise effect on TAIEX. Moreover, DJIA has the price lead effect on SSEAI, on the contrary, SSEAI does not have price lead effect on DJIA (7) In relatively asymmetrical effective aspect, TAIEX/DJIA,TAIEX/SSEAI market suffers greatly from retract influence but is less effect by advance influence. DJIA poses positive influences on SSEAI through advance, on the contrary, advance has negative impract on the DJIA. (8)Three of the stock markets in this study show short term spillover effect, but in the long term co-intergration exists. Volatile influences in early stages have effect on later stages on average after 21 days.
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41

Hsien, Lin Ming, and 林明賢. "A Study on the Though of Djin Si Lu." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rxh334.

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42

[Verfasser], Gemechis Dilba Djira. "Simultaneous inference for ratios of location parameters / von Gemechis Dilba Djira." 2005. http://d-nb.info/977243117/34.

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43

Djie, Kianhwa Colin [Verfasser]. "On upper bounds for waiting times for doubly nonlinear parabolic equations / vorgelegt von Kianhwa Colin Djie." 2008. http://d-nb.info/988128063/34.

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44

Lee, Chun-Yi, and 李俊毅. "“ Made in China 2025 ”and Middle lncome Trap-the Case of DJI Innovation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72u76d.

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碩士
淡江大學
中國大陸研究所碩士班
106
China''s current priorities, so that most enterprises to jump off the foundry model, to enhance independent innovation, so as to continue to enhance their own strength in this change, otherwise it is likely to follow the footsteps of Taiwan, in this industrial technology change to seek development, progressive innovation and gradually grow, And by the development of the late frog-jump update to accelerate the "Chinese manufacturing 2025" of the promotion and development, from the Chinese manufacturing to the transformation of China, we must pass through two necessary processes, first of all, through rapid innovation of enterprises, and second, accelerate the improvement of the current management model of foundry Enterprises, change the current relatively backward production mode, so that " China''s creation"is no longer a slogan, and through industrial upgrading to lead China to jump off the middle income trap, the successful realization of the" manufacturing "across to the" creation "of the transformation and upgrading. OBM (product-based manufacturing) is becoming the eminent business model that relies on service-based manufacturing.
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45

Oh, Djin-Ye [Verfasser]. "Molekulare Epidemiologie humaner Astroviren in Deutschland und Bestimmung einer Astrovirus-Totalsequenz vom Serotyp 3 / von Djin-Ye Oh." 2002. http://d-nb.info/964964600/34.

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46

"Effect of Incorporating Aerodynamic Drag Model on Trajectory Tracking Performance of DJI F330 Quadcopter." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57415.

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abstract: Control algorithm development for quadrotor is usually based solely on rigid body dynamics neglecting aerodynamics. Recent work has demonstrated that such a model is suited only when operating at or near hover conditions and low-speed flight. When operating in confined spaces or during aggressive maneuvers destabilizing forces and moments are induced due to aerodynamic effects. Studies indicate that blade flapping, induced drag, and propeller drag influence forward flight performance while other effects like vortex ring state, ground effect affect vertical flight performance. In this thesis, an offboard data-driven approach is used to derive models for parasitic (bare-airframe) drag and propeller drag. Moreover, thrust and torque coefficients are identified from static bench tests. Among the two, parasitic drag is compensated for in the position controller module in the PX4 firmware. 2-D circular, straight line, and minimum snap rectangular trajectories with corridor constraints are tested exploiting differential flatness property wherein altitude and yaw angle are constant. Flight tests are conducted at ASU Drone Studio and results of tracking performance with default controller and with drag compensated position controller are presented. Root mean squared tracking error in individual axes is used as a metric to evaluate the model performance. Results indicate that, for circular trajectory, the root mean squared error in the x-axis has reduced by 44.54% and in the y-axis by 39.47%. Compensation in turn degrades the tracking in both axis by a maximum under 12% when compared to the default controller for rectangular trajectory case. The x-axis tracking error for the straight-line case has improved by 44.96% with almost no observable change in the y-axis.
Dissertation/Thesis
Real-time Flight Test of Circular Trajectories
Masters Thesis Aerospace Engineering 2020
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47

Ieong, KuongCheong, and 楊廣翔. "The empirical study of applying Technical Analysis on DJI, HSI and Taiwan Stock Market." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8z69ts.

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碩士
國立中山大學
資訊管理學系研究所
95
Stock Market is always being the most important role in modern capital market. And Stock Market is becoming one the most popular investment tools these days. Because of the Globalization of capital markets, the spreading of capital becomes faster and easier. The development of capital markets evoke the interesting of scholars and the field of stock market prediction attract scholars and researchers from different background. There are two approaches of predicting stock market - fundamental analysis and technical analysis. The purpose of my work was to predict three stock markets in the world, namely Taiwan Weighted Index (IDXWT), Hong Kong Hang Seng Index (HSI) and Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJI) using technical analysis and Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN).This thesis is based on Wang’s thesis [Wan05] “Investment Decision Support with Dynamic Bayesian Networks”. According to different characteristic of 3 stock markets, we divide 3 different markets into 3 experiments. For each market, we expect we can find the best indicators and trading signals. The first experiment involves Taiwan Weighted Index as our prediction target; the second one uses Hong Kong Hang Seng Index and the third experiment employs Dow Jones Industrial Average. As a result, Taiwan Stock market (both 15-day and 20-day Moving Average)can make higher returns than buy-and-hold, RSI_6 and KD. And we also have the same conclusion of Hang Seng Index and Dow Jones Industrial Average. The best return from 15-day MA and 20-day MA of Taiwan Stock market is 47.95% and 60.21%, respectively. Moreover, the best result of Hang Seng Index is 60.06% for 4 years and 25.83% for Dow Jones Industrial Average. All of the best results can make higher returns than each of their buy-and-hold, RSI_6 and KD. In the conclusion, we may say that this paper can provide a direction to investors while they are using these technical indicators to predict these particular stock markets.
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48

Abdi, Joan, and Johansson Joel. "Georeferering av ortofoto med UAV : En jämförelsestudie mellan direkt och indirekt georeferering." Thesis, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-34584.

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UAV (Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle) har revolutiontionerat ortofotoframställningen med sitt bidrag till ökad säkerhet, lägre kostnader samt effektivare arbetsgång vid framställning av ortofoton. Den traditionella flygfotogrammetrin med flygplan och utplacering av flygsignaler har varit den givna metoden i många år. Att flyga med UAV istället för flygplan sparar tid och pengar däremot är utplacering och inmätning av flygsignaler fortfarande tidskrävande och därför kostsamt. Företaget DJI har tagit fram en ny UAV med namnet DJI Phantom 4 RTK vilken stödjer möjligheten att använda satellitbaserad positionering för direkt georeferering. Den här studien har jämfört två olika georefereringsmetoder för framställning av ortofoton med UAV: direkt georeferering med NRTK (satellitbaserad positionering och nätverks-RTK) samt indirekt georeferering med olika antal markstödspunkter. Studien utfördes vid Högskolan i Gävle på en yta av åtta hektar. En undersökning av avvikelser i plan och höjd resulterade i acceptabla värden enligt de riktlinjer som följdes i HMK – Ortofoto (2017) samt de kontroller som genomfördes enligt SIS-TS 21144:2016. RMS-värdet i plan för den indirekta georefereringsmetoden ligger på 0,0102m. För den direkta georefereringsmetoden ligger RMS-värdet i plan vid användning av markstödpunkter mellan 0,0132 och 0,0148 m. Slutligen för den direkta georefereringsmetoden utan markstödpunkter är RMS-värdet i plan på 0,0136 m. RMS i höjd ligger inom intervallet 0,008-0,025 m. Det som redovisas i studien visar att en accepterad kvalitet av ortofoton går att erhålla baserat på de RMS-värden i plan och höjd med samtliga georefereringsmetoder som testats. Efter genomförda kontroller och utvärdering av de resultat kan det konstateras att de olika georefereringsmetoderna skiljer inte mycket åt varandra kvalitetsmässigt.Dock är den direkta georefereringsmetoden utan markstödpunkter mycket effektivare ur ett tidsperspektiv. Phantom 4 RTK är ny på marknaden och det behöver utföras mer forskning för att få en större insikt av dess potential. Dock krävs det mer forskning kring direkt georeferering för utvärdering av orotofotons kvalitet.
UAV (Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle) has revolutionized the creation of orthophotos with its contribution to increased safety, lower costs and more effective ways when making orthophotos. The traditional aerial photogrammetry with airplanes and placement of flight signals has been the standard method for years. To fly with UAV instead of an airplane is cheaper and saves time, however, the placement and measurements of flight signals is still time consuming and therefore expensive. The company DJI has developed a new UAV called Phantom 4 RTK that supports satellite based technology for direct georeferercing. This study compared two different measuring methods when producing orthophotos with UAV: direct georeferencing with NRTK (Network Real Time Kinematic) and indirect georeferencing when using different number of Ground Control Points (GCP). The study was conducted at the University of Gävle over an area of eight hectares. An investigation of the deviation in plane and height resulted in acceptable units based on the guidelines that were followed in HMK – Ortofoto and the controls that were followed from SIS- TS 21144:2016. The RMS value in plane for the indirect georeferencing method is 0,0102 m. For the direct georeferencing method the RMS value in plane when using ground control points is between 0,0132 and 0,0148 m. At last the RMS value for the direct georeferencing method without ground control points is 0,0136m. The RMS value in height is between the intervals 0,008-0,025 m. The data presented in this study show that an accepted quality in the orthophotos can be acquired based on the RMS values in plane and height for every georeferencing that was tested. After accomplished controls and evaluation the results show that the different georeferencing methods doesn´t differantiate too much from each other based on their quality. However, the direct georeferencing method with ground control points is more effective from a time perspective. Phantom 4 RTK is new on the market and more research is necessary in order to understand the potential of this technology and its posibility to integrate into society. More research is recquired for the direct georeferencing method in order to evaluate the quality of orthophotos.
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