Journal articles: 'DLNA'

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Suzuki, Hiroyuki. "DLNA." Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 65, no. 6 (2011): 774–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.65.774.

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Matsubara, Masami. "DLNA." Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 67, no. 2 (2013): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.67.169.

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Qi, Na. "Multi Screen Interactive Technology in SMART TV Operating System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 696 (November 2014): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.696.253.

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With the gradual promotion of triple-place services and development of network technology, digital TV is gradually penetrating into daily life from conceptualization. Among them, the sharing of home entertainment information through multiple-screen interactive system is one of the most important components in digital home networks. This study firstly deeply analyzed the system architecture and functional units of DLNA; and then proposed one possible technical solution to implement multiple-screen interactive system in NGB TVOS1.0 based on DLNA agreement and characteristics of smart TV operating system. With this solution, multimedia resources like video, picture and music could be shared, controlled and managed among smart phone, personal computer and TV through network.

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Kim, Sangrok, and Hyunseok Lee. "Accessing DLNA Network with Cellular Communication Terminals." Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 18, no. 3 (March 31, 2014): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2014.18.3.519.

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Heist, Rebecca Suk, Leena Gandhi, Geoffrey Shapiro, Naiyer A. Rizvi, Howard A. Burris, Johanna C. Bendell, Jose Baselga, et al. "Combination of a MEK inhibitor, pimasertib (MSC1936369B), and a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, SAR245409, in patients with advanced solid tumors: Results of a phase Ib dose-escalation trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 2530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.2530.

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2530 Background: PI3K/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways are often deregulated in tumors. Simultaneous inhibition of these pathways with the MEK1/2 inhibitor, pimasertib, plus the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, SAR245409, (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01390818) was investigated. Methods: This was a phase Ib, modified 3+3, dose-escalation trial in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. Pts received pimasertib and SAR245409 at the following dose levels (DLs): DL1, 15/30; DL2a, 30/30; DL2b, 15/50; DL3, 30/50; DL4a, 60/50; DL4b, 30/70; DL5, 60/70; DL6a, 90/70; DL6b 60/90 and DL7, 90/90 mg (once-daily, qd). After the qd maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was established, twice-daily (bid) dosing was tested: DL1a, 60/30; DL1b, 45/50 and DL2 60/50 mg bid. A recommended phase II dose (RP2D) was determined. Enrollment continued at the RP2D in four expansion cohorts (18 pts each): dual KRAS/PIK3CA mutated (mt) colorectal cancer (CRC), triple-negative breast cancer, KRAS mt non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and BRAFmt melanoma. Results: 53 pts were treated qd and 7 pts bid. The most common tumors were CRC (n=16), NSCLC (n=8), ovarian and pancreatic (n=7, each). At DL6b 2/3 pts had dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs; both grade [Gr] 3 nausea/vomiting). DL6a was confirmed as the MTD for the qd schedule. At bid DL1a 2/4 pts (both Gr 3 skin rash) and at DL1b 2/3 pts (Gr 3 skin rash and Gr 3 asthenia) had DLTs. DL5 was the RP2D based on tolerability after prolonged exposure. The most common adverse events in qd schedule were: rash (62%, 13% Gr 3), diarrhea (56%, 4% Gr 3), fatigue (51%, 2% Gr 3), nausea (49%, 2% Gr 3), vomiting (45%, 2% Gr 3), peripheral edema and pyrexia (34%, each) and visual impairment with underlying serous retinal detachment (21%). Preliminary pharmacokinetic results suggest no drug-drug interaction. There were 4 partial responses: KRAS mt CRC (n=1) and low-grade ovarian cancer (n=3, 1 KRAS mt/PIK3CA mt and 2 wild-type). Enrollment in expansion cohorts at DL5 is ongoing. Conclusions: Continuousqd dosing of pimasertib and SAR245409 is tolerated and has shown signs of activity. Phase II trials are being planned. Clinical trial information: NCT01390818.

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Kang, Ki-Cheol, Se-Young Kim, and Dae-Jin Kim. "Effective Utilization of DLNA Functions in Home Media Devices." Journal of Broadcast Engineering 17, no. 1 (January 30, 2012): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jeb.2012.17.1.37.

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Jung-Tae Kim, Yeon-Joo Oh, Hoon-Ki Lee, Eui-Hyun Paik, and Kwang-Roh Park. "Implementation of the DLNA Proxy System for Sharing Home Media Contents." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 53, no. 1 (February 2007): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2007.339515.

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Diaz-Sanchez, Daniel, Fabio Sanvido, Davide Proserpio, and Andres Marin. "DLNA, DVB-CA and DVB-CPCM integration for commercial content management." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 56, no. 1 (February 2010): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2010.5439129.

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Yim, Hyung-Jun, and Kyu-Chul Lee. "Two-way DLNA Adaptor for Interconnecting Media Contents in Internet of Things." KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices 20, no. 12 (December 15, 2014): 706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5626/ktcp.2014.20.12.706.

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Kim, Chul-Seung, Gu-Su Kim, and Young-Ik Eom. "Design and Implementation of DLNA DMS for AV Contents Sharing through IEEE1394." KIPS Transactions:PartD 13D, no. 7 (December 31, 2006): 959–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstd.2006.13d.7.959.

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Choi, SoonPil, ByoungSeob Park, and ChungKyue Kim. "Contents Sharing System for Push/Pull Services in DLNA-based Home Networks." Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information 20, no. 8 (August 31, 2015): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.9708/jksci.2015.20.8.085.

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Lai, C. F., H. C. Huang, Y. M. Huang, and H. C. Chao. "Design and Implementation of the DLNA Family Intercom System for Smart Homes." Computer Journal 52, no. 8 (November 20, 2008): 960–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxn062.

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Boverhof, Darrell R., B. Bhaskar Gollapudi, Jon A. Hotchkiss, Mandy Osterloh-Quiroz, and Michael R. Woolhiser. "A draining lymph node assay (DLNA) for assessing the sensitizing potential of proteins." Toxicology Letters 193, no. 2 (March 2010): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.12.020.

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Chin-Feng Lai, Yueh-Min Huang, and Han-Chieh Chao. "DLNA-Based Multimedia Sharing System for OSGI Framework With Extension to P2P Network." IEEE Systems Journal 4, no. 2 (June 2010): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2010.2047175.

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Hwang, Taein, Hojin Park, Euihyun Paik, and Jinwook Chung. "EAFR-based DLNA proxy for high-quality video distribution in extended home space." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 57, no. 1 (February 2011): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2011.5735491.

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Oh, Yeon-Joo, Hoon-Ki Lee, Jung-Tae Kim, and Eui-Hyun Paik. "Sharing of DLNA Media Contents among Inter-homes based on DHCP or Private IP using Homeserver." KIPS Transactions:PartC 13C, no. 6 (October 30, 2006): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstc.2006.13c.6.709.

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Goto, Hiroaki, Hideki Shimada, and Kenya Sato. "Design of Network Architecture Using Mobile Gateways for DLNA Devices in Wide Area Networks." Communications and Network 04, no. 04 (2012): 322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cn.2012.44037.

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Phong, Vo Quoc. "Dynamic of the Accelerated Expansion of the Universe in the DGP Model." Communications in Physics 21, no. 3 (September 19, 2011): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/21/3/176.

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According to experimental data of SNe Ia (Supernovae type Ia), we will discuss in detial dynamics of the DGP model and introduce a simple parametrization of matter $\omega$, in order to analyze scenarios of the expanding universe and the evolution of the scale factor. We find that the dimensionless matter density parameter at the present epoch $\Omega^0_m=0.3$, the age of the universe $t_0= 12.48$ Gyr, $\frac{a}{a_0}=-2.4e^{\frac{-t}{25.56}}+2.45$. The next we study the linear growth of matter perturbations, and we assume a definition of the growth rate, $f \equiv \frac{dln\delta}{dlna}$. As many authors for many years, we have been using a good approximation to the growth rate $f \approx \Omega^{\gamma(z)}_m$, we also find that the best fit of the growth index, $\gamma(z)\approx 0.687 - \frac{40.67}{1 + e^{1.7. (4.48 + z)}}$, or $\gamma(z)= 0.667 + 0.033z$ when $z\ll1$. We also compare the age of the universe and the growth index with other models and experimental data. We can see that the DGP model describes the cosmic acceleration as well as other models that usually refers to dark energy and Cold Dark Matter (CDM).

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Oh, Yeon-Joo, Hoon-Ki Lee, Jung-Tae Kim, Eui-Hyun Paik, and Kwang-Roh Park. "Design of an Extended Architecture for Sharing DLNA Compliant Home Media from Outside the Home." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 53, no. 2 (2007): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2007.381727.

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Kovács, Márta, Alexander Halfmann, Iris Fedtke, Manuel Heintz, Andreas Peschel, Waldemar Vollmer, Regine Hakenbeck, and Reinhold Brückner. "A Functional dlt Operon, Encoding Proteins Required for Incorporation of d-Alanine in Teichoic Acids in Gram-Positive Bacteria, Confers Resistance to Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides in Streptococcus pneumoniae." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 16 (August 15, 2006): 5797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00336-06.

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ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the few species within the group of low-G +C gram-positive bacteria reported to contain no d-alanine in teichoic acids, although the dltABCD operon encoding proteins responsible for d-alanylation is present in the genomes of two S. pneumoniae strains, the laboratory strain R6 and the clinical isolate TIGR4. The annotation of dltA in R6 predicts a protein, d-alanine-d-alanyl carrier protein ligase (Dcl), that is shorter at the amino terminus than all other Dcl proteins. Translation of dltA could also start upstream of the annotated TTG start codon at a GTG, resulting in the premature termination of dltA translation at a stop codon. Applying a novel integrative translation probe plasmid with Escherichia coli ′lacZ as a reporter, we could demonstrate that dltA translation starts at the upstream GTG. Consequently, S. pneumoniae R6 is a dltA mutant, whereas S. pneumoniae D39, the parental strain of R6, and Rx, another derivative of D39, contained intact dltA genes. Repair of the stop codon in dltA of R6 and insertional inactivation of dltA in D39 and Rx yielded pairs of dltA-deficient and dltA-proficient strains. Subsequent phenotypic analysis showed that dltA inactivation resulted in enhanced sensitivity to the cationic antimicrobial peptides nisin and gallidermin, a phenotype fully consistent with those of dltA mutants of other gram-positive bacteria. In addition, mild alkaline hydrolysis of heat-inactivated whole cells released d-alanine from dltA-proficient strains, but not from dltA mutants. The results of our study suggest that, as in many other low-G+C gram-positive bacteria, teichoic acids of S. pneumoniae contain d-alanine residues in order to protect this human pathogen against the actions of cationic antimicrobial peptides.

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Fujimoto, Tanaka, Rana, Jahan, Itoh, Tsujioka, Uyeda, Miyagishima, and Yumura. "Dynamin-Like Protein B of Dictyostelium Contributes to Cytokinesis Cooperatively with Other Dynamins." Cells 8, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8080781.

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Dynamin is a large GTPase responsible for diverse cellular processes, such as endocytosis, division of organelles, and cytokinesis. The social amoebozoan, Dictyostelium discoideum, has five dynamin-like proteins: dymA, dymB, dlpA, dlpB, and dlpC. DymA, dlpA, or dlpB-deficient cells exhibited defects in cytokinesis. DlpA and dlpB were found to colocalize at cleavage furrows from the early phase, and dymA localized at the intercellular bridge connecting the two daughter cells, indicating that these dynamins contribute to cytokinesis at distinct dividing stages. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy revealed that dlpA and dlpB colocalized at individual dots at the furrow cortex. However, dlpA and dlpB did not colocalize with clathrin, suggesting that they are not involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The fact that dlpA did not localize at the furrow in dlpB null cells and vice versa, as well as other several lines of evidence, suggests that hetero-oligomerization of dlpA and dlpB is required for them to bind to the furrow. The hetero-oligomers directly or indirectly associate with actin filaments, stabilizing them in the contractile rings. Interestingly, dlpA, but not dlpB, accumulated at the phagocytic cups independently of dlpB. Our results suggest that the hetero-oligomers of dlpA and dlpB contribute to cytokinesis cooperatively with dymA.

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Lasue, J., I. Maroger, R. Botet, Ph Garnier, S. Merouane, Th Mannel, A. C. Levasseur-Regourd, and M. S. Bentley. "Flattened loose particles from numerical simulations compared to particles collected by Rosetta." Astronomy & Astrophysics 630 (September 20, 2019): A28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834766.

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Context. Cometary dust particles are remnants of the primordial accretion of refractory material that occurred during the initial formation stages of the solar system. Understanding their physical structure can help constrain their accretion process. Aims. The in situ study of dust particles that were collected at slow speeds by instruments on board the Rosetta space mission, including GIADA, MIDAS, and COSIMA, can be used to infer the physical properties, size distribution, and typologies of the dust. Methods. We have developed a simple numerical simulation of aggregate impact flattening to interpret the properties of particles collected by COSIMA. The aspect ratios of flattened particles from simulations and observations are compared to distinguish between initial families of aggregates that are characterized by different fractal dimensions Df. This dimension can differentiate between certain growth modes: the diffusion limited cluster–cluster aggregates (DLCA, Df ≈ 1.8), diffusion limited particle–cluster aggregates (DLPA, Df ≈ 2.5), reaction limited cluster–cluster aggregates (RLCA, Df ≈ 2.1), and reaction limited particle–cluster aggregates (RLPA, Df ≈ 3.0). Results. The diversity of aspect ratios measured by COSIMA is consistent with either two families of aggregates with different initial Df (a family of compact aggregates with Df close to 2.5–3 and some fluffier aggregates with Df ≈ 2) or aggregates formed by a single type of aggregation process, such as DLPA. In that case, the cohesive strength of the dust particles must span a wide range to explain the range of aspect ratios observed by COSIMA. Furthermore, variations in cohesive strength and velocity may play a role in the detected higher aspect ratio range (>0.3). Conclusions. Our work allows us to explain the particle morphologies observed by COSIMA and those generated by laboratory experiments in a consistent framework. Taking into account all observations from the three dust instruments on board Rosetta, we favor an interpretation of our simulations based on two different families of dust particles with significantly distinct fractal dimensions that are ejected from the cometary nucleus.

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Leduc, Isabelle, Patricia Richards, Crystal Davis, Birgit Schilling, and Christopher Elkins. "A Novel Lectin, DltA, Is Required for Expression of a Full Serum Resistance Phenotype in Haemophilus ducreyi." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 6 (June 2004): 3418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.6.3418-3428.2004.

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ABSTRACT Haemophilus ducreyi, the causative agent of chancroid, is highly resistant to the complement-mediated bactericidal activity of normal human serum (NHS). Previously, we identified DsrA (for ducreyi serum resistance A), a major factor required for expression of the serum resistance phenotype in H. ducreyi. We describe here a second outer membrane protein, DltA (for ducreyi lectin A), which also contributes to serum resistance in H. ducreyi. Isogenic dltA mutants, constructed in 35000HP wild-type and FX517 dsrA backgrounds, were more susceptible to the bactericidal effects of NHS than each respective parent, demonstrating the additive effect of the mutations. Furthermore, expression of dltA in H. influenzae strain Rd rendered this highly susceptible strain partially resistant to 5% NHS compared to a vector-control strain. Although primary basic local alignment search tool analysis of the dltA open reading frame revealed no close bacterial homologue, similarity to the β-chain of the eukaryotic lectin ricin was noted. DltA shares highly conserved structural motifs with the ricin β chain, such as cysteines and lectin-binding domains. To determine whether dltA was a lectin, ligand blots and affinity chromatography experiments were performed. DltA was affinity purified on immobilized lactose and N-acetylgalactosamine, and N-glycosylated but not glycosidase-treated model glycoproteins bound DltA. These data indicate that DltA is a lectin with specificity for lactose-related carbohydrates (CHO) and is important for H. ducreyi serum resistance.

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Kalantar, Bahareh, Naonori Ueda, Vahideh Saeidi, Saeid Janizadeh, Fariborz Shabani, Kourosh Ahmadi, and Farzin Shabani. "Deep Neural Network Utilizing Remote Sensing Datasets for Flood Hazard Susceptibility Mapping in Brisbane, Australia." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 2638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132638.

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Large damages and losses resulting from floods are widely reported across the globe. Thus, the identification of the flood-prone zones on a flood susceptibility map is very essential. To do so, 13 conditioning factors influencing the flood occurrence in Brisbane river catchment in Australia (i.e., topographic, water-related, geological, and land use factors) were acquired for further processing and modeling. In this study, artificial neural networks (ANN), deep learning neural networks (DLNN), and optimized DLNN using particle swarm optimization (PSO) were exploited to predict and estimate the susceptible areas to the future floods. The significance of the conditioning factors analysis for the region highlighted that altitude, distance from river, sediment transport index (STI), and slope played the most important roles, whereas stream power index (SPI) did not contribute to the hazardous situation. The performance of the models was evaluated against the statistical tests such as sensitivity, specificity, the area under curve (AUC), and true skill statistic (TSS). DLNN and PSO-DLNN models obtained the highest values of sensitivity (0.99) for the training stage to compare with ANN. Moreover, the validations of specificity and TSS for PSO-DLNN recorded the highest values of 0.98 and 0.90, respectively, compared with those obtained by ANN and DLNN. The best accuracies by AUC were evaluated in PSO-DLNN (0.99 in training and 0.98 in testing datasets), followed by DLNN and ANN. Therefore, the optimized PSO-DLNN proved its robustness to compare with other methods.

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Thammawong, C., Atitsa Petchsuk, Mantana Opaprakasit, N. Chanunpanich, Pramuan Tangboriboonrat, and Pakorn Opaprakasit. "Preparation and Characterizations of Electrospun Lactide-Based Polymeric Nanofibers." Advanced Materials Research 93-94 (January 2010): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.93-94.377.

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Poly(L)lactide (PLLA), aliphatic polyester, and poly(LLA-co-DLLA) copolymers consisting of 2.5, 7.5, 50% of DLLA content were also synthesized. PLLA was successfully electrospun by using 15wt% solution in (1DMF:3CHCl3) mixed solvent. 2.5, 7.5, 50% P(LLA-co-DLLA) copolymers were then spun at 8, 10, and 15wt% concentration in a single chloroform solvent, respective. The lactide-based polymeric nanofibers were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Smooth surface morphology was observed in nanofibers produced from PLLA and 50% P(LLA-co-DLLA) copolymer. However, surface porosity was observed in the corresponding fibers from 2.5 and 7.5% P(LLA-co-DLLA) copolymers. These nanofibers have high potential for wide range of applications such as filter media, nano-sensor, drug delivery and tissue scaffold, especially, those derived from 2.5 and 7.5% P(LLA-co-DLLA) copolymers which contain high degree of porosity.

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Okuliarova, Monika, Valentina Sophia Rumanova, Katarina Stebelova, and Michal Zeman. "Dim Light at Night Disturbs Molecular Pathways of Lipid Metabolism." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 6919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186919.

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Dim light at night (dLAN) is associated with metabolic risk but the specific effects on lipid metabolism have only been evaluated to a limited extent. Therefore, to explore whether dLAN can compromise lipid metabolic homeostasis in healthy individuals, we exposed Wistar rats to dLAN (~2 lx) for 2 and 5 weeks and analyzed the main lipogenic pathways in the liver and epididymal fat pad, including the control mechanisms at the hormonal and molecular level. We found that dLAN promoted hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation, upregulated hepatic genes involved in de novo synthesis of fatty acids, and elevated glucose and fatty acid uptake. These observations were paralleled with suppressed fatty acid synthesis in the adipose tissue and altered plasma adipokine levels, indicating disturbed adipocyte metabolic function with a potential negative impact on liver metabolism. Moreover, dLAN-exposed rats displayed an elevated expression of two peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor family members (Pparα and Pparγ) in the liver and adipose tissue, suggesting the deregulation of important metabolic transcription factors. Together, our results demonstrate that an impaired balance of lipid biosynthetic pathways caused by dLAN can increase lipid storage in the liver, thereby accounting for a potential linking mechanism between dLAN and metabolic diseases.

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Beverly, J. L., D. W. Gietzen, and Q. R. Rogers. "Effect of dietary limiting amino acid in prepyriform cortex on food intake." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 259, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): R709—R715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.4.r709.

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The mechanisms underlying the reduced intake of an amino acid-imbalanced diet (imbalanced diet) appears to involve a decrease in the content of the dietary limiting amino acid (DLAA) in the prepyriform cortex (PPC). Intake of imbalanced diet was increased from 45-50 to 70-75% of baseline after bilateral injection of the DLAA directly into the PPC, following an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve. Injections had no effect on intake of basal diets. Injection of the DLAA into the PPC reversed the aversion to imbalanced diet in choice studies, as rats selected an imbalanced diet over protein-free diet after such injections. Intake of imbalanced diet did not increase after a nonlimiting amino acid was injected into the PPC or after injections of the DLAA into other brain areas. Results were similar when either threonine or isoleucine was the DLAA. These results confirm that the decrease in the concentration of the DLAA in the PPC is involved in the reduction in intake of imbalanced diets.

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Aubrecht, Taryn G., Zachary M. Weil, Ulysses J. Magalang, and Randy J. Nelson. "Dim light at night interacts with intermittent hypoxia to alter cognitive and affective responses." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 305, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): R78—R86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00100.2013.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and dim light at night (dLAN) have both been independently associated with alterations in mood and cognition. We aimed to determine whether dLAN would interact with intermittent hypoxia (IH), a condition characteristic of OSA, to alter the behavioral, cognitive, and affective responses. Adult male mice were housed in either standard lighting conditions (14:10-h light-dark cycle; 150 lux:0 lux) or dLAN (150 lux:5 lux). Mice were then exposed to IH (15 cycles/h, 8 h/day, FiO2 nadir of 5%) for 3 wk, then tested in assays of affective and cognitive responses; brains were collected for dendritic morphology and PCR analysis. Exposure to dLAN and IH increased anxiety-like behaviors, as assessed in the open field, elevated plus maze, and the light/dark box. dLAN and IH increased depressive-like behaviors in the forced swim test. IH impaired learning and memory performance in the passive avoidance task; however, no differences were observed in spatial working memory, as assessed by y-maze or object recognition. IH combined with dLAN decreased cell body area in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. Overall, IH decreased apical spine density in the CA3, whereas dLAN decreased spine density in the CA1 of the hippocampus. TNF-α gene expression was not altered by IH or lighting condition, whereas VEGF expression was increased by dLAN. The combination of IH and dLAN provokes negative effects on hippocampal dendritic morphology, affect, and cognition, suggesting that limiting nighttime exposure to light in combination with other established treatments may be of benefit to patients with OSA.

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Daugherty, A., N. N. Becker, L. A. Scherrer, B. E. Sobel, J. J. H. Ackerman, J. W. Baynes, and S. R. Thorpe. "Non-invasive detection of protein metabolism in vivo by n.m.r. spectroscopy. Application of a novel 19F-containing residualizing label." Biochemical Journal 264, no. 3 (December 15, 1989): 829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2640829.

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Protein residualizing labels facilitate localization of tissue sites of protein catabolism and the quantification of protein accumulation because of their prolonged intracellular retention of protein accumulation because of their prolonged intracellular retention times. Radioiodinated residualizing labels have been used to define the metabolism of a wide variety of proteins, but this has necessitated destructive analysis. Here we describe the implementation and validation of a novel 19F-containing residualizing label for protein, NN-dilactitol-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine (DLBA), that permits the non-invasive assessment of protein accumulation and catabolism by n.m.r. spectroscopy in vivo. DLBA comprises a reporter molecule containing six equivalent 19F atoms. 19F is strongly n.m.r.-active, has 100% natural abundance, and is present in minimal background concentrations in soft tissues. We validated the use of DLBA as a protein-labelling compound by coupling to asialofetuin (ASF), a protein that is recognized exclusively by hepatic tissue via a saturable receptor-mediated process. Coupling of DLBA to ASF by reductive amination had no effect on the physiological receptor-mediated uptake of the protein in rat liver in vivo. The 19F-n.m.r. spectrum of DLBA exhibited a single peak that was subject to a small chemical-shift change and broadening after coupling to ASF. Pronase digestion of DLBA-ASF was performed to simulate intracellular degradation products, and resulted in a narrower set of resonances, with chemical shifts intermediate between those of uncoupled DLBA and DLBA-ASF. Intravenous administration of DLBA-ASF to rats followed by quantification of 19F in homogenates of liver tissue indicated that the half-life of residence time of degradation products from DLBA-ASF in liver was approx. 2 days. This intracellular half-life was comparable with that described for similar residualizing labels that contain radioiodide as a reporter. Similar results for the half-life of retention were obtained non-destructively and non-invasively in situ with the use of a whole-body radio-frequency antenna to acquire sequential spectra over 80 h after intravenous administration of DLBA-ASF. Quantification of these spectra demonstrated an initial accumulation of DLBA-ASF in liver followed by an expected gradual loss of 19F-labelled degradation products. The approach developed offers promise for the sequential and longitudinal characterization of metabolism of specific proteins in individual experimental animals and ultimately in human subjects.

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Li, Rong-Hua, Shuang Liang, George Baciu, and Eddie Chan. "Equivalence Between LDA/QR and Direct LDA." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 5, no. 1 (January 2011): 94–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcini.2011010106.

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Singularity problems of scatter matrices in Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) are challenging and have obtained attention during the last decade. Linear Discriminant Analysis via QR decomposition (LDA/QR) and Direct Linear Discriminant analysis (DLDA) are two popular algorithms to solve the singularity problem. This paper establishes the equivalent relationship between LDA/QR and DLDA. They can be regarded as special cases of pseudo-inverse LDA. Similar to LDA/QR algorithm, DLDA can also be considered as a two-stage LDA method. Interestingly, the first stage of DLDA can act as a dimension reduction algorithm. The experiment compares LDA/QR and DLDA algorithms in terms of classification accuracy, computational complexity on several benchmark datasets and compares their first stages. The results confirm the established equivalent relationship and verify their capabilities in dimension reduction.

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Borland, C. D. R., and Y. Cox. "Effect of varying alveolar oxygen partial pressure on diffusing capacity for nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, membrane diffusing capacity and lung capillary blood volume." Clinical Science 81, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0810759.

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1. To examine the effect of varying oxygen partial pressure (Pao2) on nitric oxide (DLNO) and carbon monoxide (DLCO) diffusing capacity (transfer factor), 10 subjects performed combined DLCO/DLNO measurements with the inspired mixture made up with three different oxygen concentrations (25%, 18% and 15%) to give Pao2 values of 12–20 kPa. 2. A novel method is described for calculating membrane diffusing capacity (DM) and pulmonary capillary volume (Qc) from DLNO and DLCO. 3. The mean DMCO was 52.89 mmol min−1 kPa−1 and Qc was 0.056 litre. Reducing Pao2 from 20 to 12 kPa resulted in an increase in DLCO = −0.124 (O2%) + 11.67 (P < 0.001) and a fall in DLNO = 0.538 (O2%) + 32.01 (P < 0.001) and a fall in DLNO/DLCO = 0.107 (O2%) + 2.52 (P < 0.001). DM (P = 0.59) and Qc (P = 0.64) also tended to fall with falling Pao2. 4. It appears more likely that the minor reduction in DLNO that we have observed with falling Pao2 is due to diffusion rather than reaction limitation.

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Le Bourgeois, Amandine, Florent Malard, Patrice Chevallier, Thierry Guillaume, Jacques Delaunay, Pierre Peterlin, Patricia Lemarchand, et al. "Impact of Pre-Transplant Diffusion Lung Capacity for Nitric Oxide (DLNO) and of Dlno/Pre-Transplant Diffusion Lung Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLNO/DLCO) Ratio on Pulmonary Outcomes in Adults Receiving Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Haematological Diseases." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3122.3122.

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Abstract Background: Pre-transplant pulmonary function testing (PFT) is required in all patients eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is the main parameter taken into account but the overall impact of this factor is debated. Diffusion lung capacity for nitric oxide (DLNO) may be of higher interest to predict pulmonary complications, because radiotherapy and chemotherapy used to treat patients with haematological diseases affect mostly the alveolar-capillary membrane, which destruction is more appreciate by DLNO than DLCO measure. Also, DLNO/DLCO ratio represents a new index of gas exchange and an alternative way of investigating the alveolar membrane and the blood reacting with the gas. Methods: We considered all patients who received an allo-SCT for hematological malignancies between March 2012 and January 2014 in our department and for whom a pre-transplant PFT, including DLCO and DLNO measures, was validated. Factors influencing pre-transplant DLCO, DLNO and DLNO/DLCO ratio were analyzed as well as impact of those 3 diffusion lung parameters on general outcomes and pulmonary complications (severe pulmonary complications (SPC) defined as any pulmonary complication responsible for hospitalization, pulmonary related mortality (PRM), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Results: We included 103 patients (male: n=68, median age at transplant: 58 years) in this study. Majority of them had a myeloid disease (n=67), and were in complete (n=56) or partial (n=23) remission at transplant. Type of donor was: matched related donor (N=35), haploidentical related donor (n=5), matched unrelated donor (n=43), mismatched unrelated donor (n=9) and umbilical cord blood (n=10). First stem cell source used was peripheral blood stem cell (n=83). Eight five percent of patient received a reduced intensity regimen. With a median follow up of 21.5 months (range: 3.8-34.7), 2 year cumulative incidence of overall survival, Disease free survival, relapse incidence, non-relapse mortality, SPC, ARDS and PRM were respectively 65.4% ( 55.2-73.6), 52.5% (42.7-62.2), 31.8% (22.3-41.7), 15.8% (9.4-23.5), 25.4% (17-34), 7.8% (4-14), and 4.9% (1.8-10.4). Normal DLCO and DLNO percentages of predicted normal value (>80%) were documented in 48 and 44 patients, respectively but median percentages for the all cohort were under the normal at transplant: DLCO: 78.9%, DLNO: 78.1%. Median DLNO/DLCO ratio was 5.3 (range: 2.7-8.6). Regarding factors influencing pre-transplant PFT results, DLCO was significantly decreased in patients with respiratory history (72.3% versus 81.5%, p=0.001), in patients having received therapeutic with cardiac or pulmonary toxicities (74.2% versus 80.6%, p=0.02) and in patients over 58 years (81.0% versus 75.4%, p=0.05). Similarly, DLNO was significantly decreased in patients with respiratory history (74.3% versus 80.9%, p=0.03) and in patients' smokers or with history of smoking (75.3% versus 81.8%, p=0.03). Finally, patients' age was the only parameter with a significant impact on DLNO/DLCO (5.5 in patients >58 years versus 5.2 in patients ≤58years, p=0.04). In univariate analysis, a DLNO value <60% of predicted normal value was associated with higher incidences of SPC (p=0.02) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (p<0.005). When considering DLCO and DLNO as continuous variables, lower percentage were associated with higher risk of SPC for both parameters (p=0.048 and p=0.026, respectively). Also, lower DLNO/DLCO ratio (considered as a continuous variable) was associated with higher PRM (p=0.04). In multivariate analysis, there was a trend for an association between lower value of pre-transplant DLNO (<60%) and higher risk of ARDS (HR: 3.34, 95%CI: 0.99-11.2, p=0.05) and of SPC (HR: 2.5, 95%CI: 0.93-7.12, p=0.06). Conclusion: DLNO and DLNO/DLCO ratio may be more appropriate to predict pulmonary complications than DLCO alone after allo-SCT. These results have to be confirmed prospectively. Disclosures Mohty: Janssen: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria. Moreau:Takeda: Other: Adboard; Amgen: Other: Adboard; Novartis: Other: Adboard; Celgene: Honoraria, Other: Adboard; Janssen: Other: Adboard.

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Turk, Anita Ahmed, Dustin A. Deming, Sam Joseph Lubner, Daniel Mulkerin, Noelle K. LoConte, Amye Tevaarwerk, Kari Braun Wisinski, Jens C. Eickhoff, and Glenn Liu. "A phase I study of veliparib (Vel) in combination with oxaliplatin (Ox) and capecitabine (Cap) in advanced solid tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2018): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.314.

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314 Background: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) are activated by DNA strand breaks and important for DNA repair in response to platinum-based chemotherapy. PARP inhibition with Vel might enhance anti-tumor effects of Cap with Ox. This phase I study (NCI 8604) examines the tolerability, safety and preliminary efficacy of the combination of Vel with Cap and Ox. Methods: This is a phase I dose escalation protocol testing escalating doses of Vel with Cap and Ox every 28 days (Table 1). Pts were treated in cohorts of 3-6 pts until cycle 1 DLTs were defined. Key eligibility criteria included age ≥ 18 with histologically confirmed malignancy meeting at least one of the following: documented BRCA1/2 mutation and a BRCA related malignancy; a 20% probability of harboring a BRCA mutation; metastatic colorectal cancer; mucinous ovarian cancer; other GI malignancy in which Ox has demonstrated activity. Results: 17 pts (median age 52 [range 19-71]; 14 female, 3 male) were treated at 4 dose levels (DL) (Table 1). Pts had cholangiocarcinoma (6), breast (4), ovarian (4), neuroendocrine (1), pancreas (1), and colon (1) cancers. 7 pts (4 breast, 3 ovarian) are BRCA1+. Dose escalation was initiated at DL1. One DLT (mucositis) occurred at this dose level. At DL2, two DLTs (mucositis with neutropenic fever and thrombocytopenia) were noted. The protocol was amended for escalation to begin at DL1A. At DL2A, a grade 2 DLT of fatigue requiring dose delay occurred in one pt. Pts were on study for median 10 weeks (range 1 – 88). 24% of pts remained on study ≥ 6 months. Of the 14 pts with measurable disease, 5 had PR (2 ovarian, 2 breast, 1 colon) and 4 had SD (3 cholangiocarcinoma, 1 pancreas). Common AEs include nausea/vomiting (94%), diarrhea (47%), mucositis (41%), anemia (35%), neutropenia (24%), and thrombocytopenia (18%). Conclusions: Vel in combination with Cap and Ox is safe and well tolerated in pts with advanced solid malignancies. The recommended phase II dose is DL2A Vel 40mg BID (D 1-7, 15-21), Cap 1000mg/m2 BID (D 1-7, 15-21), and Ox 85mg/m2 (D 1 and 15). Clinical trial information: NCT01233505. [Table: see text]

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Borland, Colin D. R., Helen Dunningham, Fiona Bottrill, Alain Vuylsteke, Cuneyt Yilmaz, D. Merrill Dane, and Connie C. W. Hsia. "Significant blood resistance to nitric oxide transfer in the lung." Journal of Applied Physiology 108, no. 5 (May 2010): 1052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00904.2009.

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Lung diffusing capacity for nitric oxide (DlNO) is used to measure alveolar membrane conductance (DmNO), but disagreement remains as to whether DmNO = DlNO, and whether blood conductance (θNO) = ∞. Our previous in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that θNO < ∞. We now show in a membrane oxygenator model perfused with whole blood that addition of a cell-free bovine hemoglobin (Hb) glutamer-200 solution increased diffusing capacity of the circuit (D) for NO (Dno) by 39%, D for carbon monoxide (Dco) by 24%, and the ratio of Dno to Dco by 12% (all P < 0.001). In three anesthetized dogs, DlNO and DlCO were measured by a rebreathing technique before and after three successive equal volume-exchange transfusions with bovine Hb glutamer-200 (10 ml/kg each, total exchange 30 ml/kg). At baseline, DlNO/DlCO = 4.5. After exchange transfusion, DlNO rose 57 ± 16% (mean ± SD, P = 0.02) and DlNO/DlCO = 7.1, whereas DlCO remained unchanged. Thus, in vitro and in vivo data directly demonstrate a finite θNO. We conclude that the erythrocyte and/or its immediate environment imposes considerable resistance to alveolar-capillary NO uptake. DlNO is sensitive to dynamic hematological factors and is not a pure index of conductance of the alveolar tissue membrane. With successive exchange transfusion, the estimated in vivo θNO [5.1 ml NO·(ml blood·min·Torr)−1] approached 4.5 ml NO·(ml blood·min·Torr)−1, which was derived from in vitro measurements by Carlsen and Comroe ( J Gen Physiol 42: 83–107, 1958). Therefore, we suggest use of θNO = 4.5 ml NO·(min·Torr·ml blood)−1 for calculation of DmNO and pulmonary capillary blood volume from DlNO and DlCO.

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Beverly, J. L., B. J. Hrupka, D. W. Gietzen, and Q. R. Rogers. "Distribution of dietary limiting amino acid injected into the prepyriform cortex." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 260, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): R525—R532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.260.3.r525.

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Diffusion or metabolism of the dietary limiting amino acid (DLAA) in the prepyriform cortex (PPC) may account for the time lag between injection of the DLAA into the PPC and the increase in intake of an amino acid-imbalanced diet. Results from the injection of [3H]Leu +/- [14C]Thr (DLAA) into the PPC indicated rapid (less than 15 min) and limited diffusion (85-90% of recovered label was less than or equal to 1 mm from the injection site). 3H and 14C decreased in the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble fraction and increased in the TCA-insoluble fraction during the first 1.5 h and remained constant in the TCA-insoluble fraction 1.5-6 h after injection. An increase (approximately 50%) in 3H in the TCA-insoluble fraction was found less than or equal to 30 min after injection of the DLAA. There was no affect of the DLAA on 3H in the TCA-soluble fraction. These results indicated that a change in metabolism within the PPC may be responsible for the delay in onset of the feeding response after injection of the DLAA into the PPC.

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Huang, Geng, Zhang, Chen, Cai, Wang, Zhu, and Wang. "A Wide-Band Digital Lock-In Amplifier and Its Application in Microfluidic Impedance Measurement." Sensors 19, no. 16 (August 11, 2019): 3519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163519.

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In this work, we report on the design of a wide-band digital lock-in amplifier (DLIA) of up to 65 MHz and its application for electrical impedance measurements in microfluidic devices. The DLIA is comprised of several dedicated technologies. First, it features a fully differential analog circuit, which includes a preamplifier with a low input noise of 4.4 nV/√Hz, a programmable-gain amplifier with a gain of 52 dB, and an anti-aliasing, fully differential low-pass filter with −76 dB stop-band attenuation. Second, the DLIA has an all-digital phase lock loop, which features a phase deviation of less than 0.02° throughout the frequency range. The phase lock loop utilizes an equally accurate period-frequency measurement, with a sub-ppm precision of frequency detection. Third, a modified clock link is implemented in the DLIA to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the analog-to-digital converter affected by clock jitter of up to 20 dBc. A series of measurements were performed to characterize the DLIA, and the results showed an accurate performance. Additionally, impedance measurements of standard-size microparticles were performed by frequency sweep from 300 kHz to 30 MHz, using the DLIA in a microfluidic device. Different diameters of microparticle could be accurately distinguished according to the relative impedance at 2.5 MHz. The results confirm the promising applications of the DLIA in microfluidic electrical impedance measurements.

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Panagiotou, Maria, Jos H. T. Rohling, and Tom Deboer. "Sleep Network Deterioration as a Function of Dim-Light-At-Night Exposure Duration in a Mouse Model." Clocks & Sleep 2, no. 3 (July 23, 2020): 308–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep2030023.

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Artificial light, despite its widespread and valuable use, has been associated with deterioration of health and well-being, including altered circadian timing and sleep disturbances, particularly in nocturnal exposure. Recent findings from our lab reveal significant sleep and sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) changes owing to three months exposure to dim-light-at-night (DLAN). Aiming to further explore the detrimental effects of DLAN exposure, in the present study, we continuously recorded sleep EEG and the electromyogram for baseline 24-h and following 6-h sleep deprivation in a varied DLAN duration scheme. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a 12:12 h light:DLAN cycle (75lux:5lux) vs. a 12:12 h light:dark cycle (75lux:0lux) for one day, one week, and one month. Our results show that sleep was already affected by a mere day of DLAN exposure with additional complications emerging with increasing DLAN exposure duration, such as the gradual delay of the daily 24-h vigilance state rhythms. We conducted detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) on the locomotor activity data following 1-month and 3-month DLAN exposure, and a significantly less healthy rest-activity pattern, based on the decreased alpha values, was found in both conditions compared to the control light-dark. Taking into account the behavioral, sleep and the sleep EEG parameters, our data suggest that DLAN exposure, even in the shortest duration, induces deleterious effects; nevertheless, potential compensatory mechanisms render the organism partly adjustable and able to cope. We think that, for this reason, our data do not always depict linear divergence among groups, as compared with control conditions. Chronic DLAN exposure impacts the sleep regulatory system, but also brain integrity, diminishing its adaptability and reactivity, especially apparent in the sleep EEG alterations and particular low alpha values following DFA.

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Poyart, Claire, Marie Cécile Lamy, Claire Boumaila, Franz Fiedler, and Patrick Trieu-Cuot. "Regulation of d-Alanyl-Lipoteichoic Acid Biosynthesis in Streptococcus agalactiae Involves a Novel Two-Component Regulatory System." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 21 (November 1, 2001): 6324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.21.6324-6334.2001.

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ABSTRACT The dlt operon of gram-positive bacteria comprises four genes (dltA, dltB, dltC, and dltD) that catalyze the incorporation of d-alanine residues into the lipoteichoic acids (LTAs). In this work, we characterized thedlt operon of Streptococcus agalactiae, which, in addition to the dltA to dltD genes, included two regulatory genes, designated dltR and dltS, located upstream of dltA. The dltR gene encodes a 224-amino-acid putative response regulator belonging to the OmpR family of regulatory proteins. The dltS gene codes for a 395-amino-acid putative histidine kinase thought to be involved in the sensing of environmental signals. The dlt operon ofS. agalactiae is mainly transcribed from the P dltR promoter, which directs synthesis of a 6.5-kb transcript encompassing dltR, dltS, dltA, dltB, dltC, and dltD, and from a weaker promoter, P dltA , which is located in the 3′ extremity ofdltS. We demonstrate that P dltR , but not P dlA , is activated by DltR in the presence of DltS in d-Ala-deficient LTA mutants resulting from insertional inactivation of the dltA gene, which encodes the cytoplasmic d-alanine-d-alanyl carrier ligase DltA. Expression of the dlt operon does not require DltR and DltS, since the basal activity of P dltR is high, being 20-fold that of the constitutive promoter P aphA-3 which directs synthesis of the kanamycin resistance gene aphA-3 in various gram-positive bacteria. We hypothesize that the role of DltR and DltS in the control of expression of the dlt operon is to maintain the level of d-Ala esters in LTAs at a constant and appropriate value whatever the environmental conditions. The DltA− mutant displayed the ability to form clumps in standing culture and exhibited an increased susceptibility to the cationic antimicrobial polypeptide colistin.

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Du, Liqin, and Yu Luo. "Thiolation-enhanced substrate recognition by D-alanyl carrier protein ligase DltA from Bacillus cereus." F1000Research 3 (May 13, 2014): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.4097.1.

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D-alanylation of the lipoteichoic acid on Gram-positive cell wall is dependent on dlt gene-encoded proteins DltA, DltB, DltC and DltD. The D-alanyl carrier protein ligase DltA, as a remote homolog of acyl-(coenzyme A) (CoA) synthetase, cycles through two active conformations for the catalysis of adenylation and subsequent thiolation of D-alanine (D-Ala). The crystal structure of DltA in the absence of any substrate was observed to have a noticeably more disordered pocket for ATP which would explain why DltA has relatively low affinity for ATP in the absence of any D-alanyl carrier. We have previously enabled the thiolation of D-alanine in the presence of CoA as the mimic of D-alanyl carrier protein DltC which carries a 4’-phosphopantetheine group on a serine residue. Here we show that the resulting Michaelis constants in the presence of saturating CoA for both ATP and D-alanine were reduced more than 10 fold as compared to the values obtained in the absence of CoA. The presence of CoA also made DltA ~100-fold more selective on D-alanine over L-alanine. The CoA-enhanced substrate recognition further implies that the ATP and D-alanine substrates of the adenylation reaction are incorporated when the DltA enzyme cycles through its thiolation conformation.

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Band, Shahab S., Saeid Janizadeh, Subodh Chandra Pal, Asish Saha, Rabin Chakrabortty, Manouchehr Shokri, and Amirhosein Mosavi. "Novel Ensemble Approach of Deep Learning Neural Network (DLNN) Model and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm for Prediction of Gully Erosion Susceptibility." Sensors 20, no. 19 (September 30, 2020): 5609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195609.

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This study aims to evaluate a new approach in modeling gully erosion susceptibility (GES) based on a deep learning neural network (DLNN) model and an ensemble particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with DLNN (PSO-DLNN), comparing these approaches with common artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) models in Shirahan watershed, Iran. For this purpose, 13 independent variables affecting GES in the study area, namely, altitude, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, drainage density, distance from a river, land use, soil, lithology, rainfall, stream power index (SPI), and topographic wetness index (TWI), were prepared. A total of 132 gully erosion locations were identified during field visits. To implement the proposed model, the dataset was divided into the two categories of training (70%) and testing (30%). The results indicate that the area under the curve (AUC) value from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) considering the testing datasets of PSO-DLNN is 0.89, which indicates superb accuracy. The rest of the models are associated with optimal accuracy and have similar results to the PSO-DLNN model; the AUC values from ROC of DLNN, SVM, and ANN for the testing datasets are 0.87, 0.85, and 0.84, respectively. The efficiency of the proposed model in terms of prediction of GES was increased. Therefore, it can be concluded that the DLNN model and its ensemble with the PSO algorithm can be used as a novel and practical method to predict gully erosion susceptibility, which can help planners and managers to manage and reduce the risk of this phenomenon.

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Glassmeier, Franziska, and Ulrike Lohmann. "Precipitation Susceptibility and Aerosol Buffering of Warm- and Mixed-Phase Orographic Clouds in Idealized Simulations." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 1173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0254.1.

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Abstract The sensitivity of warm- and mixed-phase orographic precipitation to the aerosol background with simultaneous changes in the abundance of cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles is explored in an idealized, two-dimensional modeling study. The concept of precipitation susceptibility dlnP/dlnN, where P is the precipitation mixing ratio and N the cloud droplet number, is adapted for orographic clouds. Precipitation susceptibility is found to be low because perturbations to different precipitation formation pathways compensate each other. For mixed-phase conditions, this in particular means a redistribution between warm and cold pathways. The compensating behavior is described as a consequence of a balance equation for the cloud water along parcel trajectories that constrains the total precipitation formation to match the drying from condensation and vapor deposition on ice-phase hydrometeors caused by the mountain flow. For an aerosol-independent condensation rate (saturation adjustment), this balance requirement limits aerosol impacts on orographic precipitation (i) to the evaporation of hydrometeors and (ii) to the glaciation state of the cloud, which controls the contribution of vapor deposition to drying. The redistribution of precipitation formation pathways is coupled to a redistribution of the total hydrometeor mass between hydrometeor categories. Aerosol effects on the glaciation state of the cloud enhance this redistribution effect such that liquid and ice adjustments do not compensate. For the externally constrained, fully adjusted steady-state situation studied, precipitation susceptibility quantifies the redistribution effect rather than changes in precipitation production as in previous studies.

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Beverly, J. L., D. W. Gietzen, and Q. R. Rogers. "Effect of dietary limiting amino acid in prepyriform cortex on meal patterns." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 259, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): R716—R723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.4.r716.

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Microinjection of the dietary limiting essential amino acid (DLAA) into the prepyriform cortex (PPC) increased intake of a diet having an imbalance among the essential amino acids (imbalanced diet) from 50-55% of baseline, when artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) was injected, to 70-75% of baseline. The increase in intake of the imbalanced diet by DLAA injection became apparent after 3-6 h and was maintained throughout the dark period. Meal size, meal duration, and the number of meals returned to normal after bilateral injections of the DLAA into the PPC of rats fed the imbalanced diet. Injection of the DLAA 30 min before the onset of the dark phase increased intake of imbalanced diet to 70% of baseline intake. When injections of threonine or isoleucine were made 6 and 3 h, respectively, prior to onset of the dark phase, intake of imbalanced diet increased to 85% of baseline intake. Results suggest that some form of processing of the injected DLAA within the PPC is necessary to increase the intake of imbalanced diets.

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Smoleń, Sylwester, Aneta Lukasiewicz, Magdalena Klimek-Chodacka, and Rafal Baranski. "Effect of Soil Salinity and Foliar Application of Jasmonic Acid on Mineral Balance of Carrot Plants Tolerant and Sensitive to Salt Stress." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050659.

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The aim of the study is to determine the effects of soil salinity stress and foliar application of jasmonic acid (JA) on the mineral balance in plants of salt-sensitive doubled haploid carrot line (DH1) and salt-tolerant local DLBA variety (DLBA). Concentrations of 28 elements were determined in roots and leaves and in the soil. The DcNHX4 gene (cation:proton exchange antiporter) expression was assessed. The salinity stress reduced the mass of roots and leaves more in DH1 than in DLBA. DLBA plants accumulated larger amounts of Na and Cl in the roots and had an increased transport of these elements to the leaves. The salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive carrot varieties differed in their ability to uptake and accumulate some elements, such as K, Mg, Zn, S, Cd, P and B, and this response was organ-specific. A selective uptake of K in the presence of high Na concentration was evident in the tolerant variety, and a high Na content in its leaves correlated with the expression of DcNHX4 gene, which was expressed in DLBA leaves only. JA application did not affect the growth of DLBA or DH1 plants. In the sensitive DH1 variety grown under salinity stress, JA induced changes in the mineral balance by limiting the uptake of the sum of all elements, especially Na and Cl, and by limiting Zn and Cd accumulation.

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Batra, Twinkle, Indu Malik, Abhilash Prabhat, Sanjay Kumar Bhardwaj, and Vinod Kumar. "Sleep in unnatural times: illuminated night negatively affects sleep and associated hypothalamic gene expressions in diurnal zebra finches." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1928 (June 10, 2020): 20192952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2952.

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We investigated the effects of exposure at ecologically relevant levels of dim light at night (dLAN) on sleep and the 24 h hypothalamic expression pattern of genes involved in the circadian timing ( per2, bmal1 , reverb-β , cry1 , ror-α , clock ) and sleep regulatory pathways (cytokines: tlr4 , tnf - α , il-1β , nos ; Ca 2+ -dependent pathway: camk2 , sik3 , nr3a ; cholinergic receptor, achm3 ) in diurnal female zebra finches. Birds were exposed to 12 h light (150 lux) coupled with 12 h of absolute darkness or of 5 lux dim light for three weeks. dLAN fragmented the nocturnal sleep in reduced bouts, and caused sleep loss as evidenced by reduced plasma oxalate levels. Under dLAN, the 24 h rhythm of per2 , but not bmal1 or reverb-β , showed a reduced amplitude and altered peak expression time; however, clock , ror-α and cry1 expressions showed an abolition of the 24 h rhythm. Decreased tlr4 , il-1β and nos , and the lack of diurnal difference in achm3 messenger RNA levels suggested an attenuated inhibition of the arousal system (hence, awake state promotion) under dLAN. Similarly, changes in camk2 , sik3 and nr3a expressions suggested dLAN-effects on Ca 2+ -dependent sleep-inducing pathways. These results demonstrate dLAN-induced negative effects on sleep and associated hypothalamic molecular pathways, and provide insights into health risks of illuminated night exposures to diurnal animals.

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de Bisschop, Claire, Jean-Benoit Martinot, Gil Leurquin-Sterk, Vitalie Faoro, Hervé Guénard, and Robert Naeije. "Improvement in lung diffusion by endothelin A receptor blockade at high altitude." Journal of Applied Physiology 112, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00670.2011.

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Lung diffusing capacity has been reported variably in high-altitude newcomers and may be in relation to different pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Twenty-two healthy volunteers were investigated at sea level and at 5,050 m before and after random double-blind intake of the endothelin A receptor blocker sitaxsentan (100 mg/day) vs. a placebo during 1 wk. PVR was estimated by Doppler echocardiography, and exercise capacity by maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2 max). The diffusing capacities for nitric oxide (DLNO) and carbon monoxide (DLCO) were measured using a single-breath method before and 30 min after maximal exercise. The membrane component of DLCO (Dm) and capillary volume (Vc) was calculated with corrections for hemoglobin, alveolar volume, and barometric pressure. Altitude exposure was associated with unchanged DLCO, DLNO, and Dm but a slight decrease in Vc. Exercise at altitude decreased DLNO and Dm. Sitaxsentan intake improved V̇o2 max together with an increase in resting and postexercise DLNO and Dm. Sitaxsentan-induced decrease in PVR was inversely correlated to DLNO. Both DLCO and DLNO were correlated to V̇o2 max at sea level ( r = 0.41–0.42, P < 0.1) and more so at altitude ( r = 0.56–0.59, P < 0.05). Pharmacological pulmonary vasodilation improves the membrane component of lung diffusion in high-altitude newcomers, which may contribute to exercise capacity.

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46

Núñez-Fernández, Marta, Cristina Ramos-Hernández, Francisco García-Río, María Torres-Durán, Andrés Nodar-Germiñas, Amara Tilve-Gómez, Paula Rodríguez-Fernández, Diana Valverde-Pérez, Alberto Ruano-Raviña, and Alberto Fernández-Villar. "Alterations in Respiratory Function Test Three Months after Hospitalisation for COVID-19 Pneumonia: Value of Determining Nitric Oxide Diffusion." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 2119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102119.

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Three to four months after hospitalisation for COVID-19 pneumonia, the most frequently described alteration in respiratory function tests (RFTs) is decreased carbon monoxide transfer capacity (DLCO). Methods: This is a prospective cohort study that included patients hospitalised because of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, three months after their discharge. A clinical evaluation, analytical parameters, chest X-ray, six-minute walk test, spirometry and DLCO–DLNO analysis were performed. Demographic variables, comorbidities, and variables related to the severity of the admission were recorded. Results: Two hundred patients completed the study; 59.5% men, age 62 years, 15.5% admitted to the intensive care unit. The most frequent functional alteration, in 27% of patients, was in the DLCO–DLNO combination. This alteration was associated with age, male sex, degree of dyspnoea, poorer perception of health, and limited ability for physical effort. These patients also presented higher levels of D-Dimer and more residual radiological alterations. In 42% of the patients with diffusion alterations, only reduced DLNO was presented, along with lower D-Dimer levels and less capillary volume involvement. The severity of the process was associated with the reduction in DLCO–DLNO. Conclusions: The most sensitive RFT for the detection of the sequelae of COVID-19 pneumonia was the combined measurement of DLCO–DLNO and this factor was related to patient health status and their capacity for physical exertion. In 40% of these cases, there was only a reduction in DLNO, a finding that may indicate less pulmonary vascular involvement.

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47

Li, Wenxiang, Chao Kang, Hengrui Guan, Shen Huang, Jinbiao Zhao, Xiaojun Zhou, and Jinpeng Li. "Deep Learning Correction Algorithm for The Active Optics System." Sensors 20, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 6403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216403.

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The correction of wavefront aberration plays a vital role in active optics. The traditional correction algorithms based on the deformation of the mirror cannot effectively deal with disturbances in the real system. In this study, a new algorithm called deep learning correction algorithm (DLCA) is proposed to compensate for wavefront aberrations and improve the correction capability. The DLCA consists of an actor network and a strategy unit. The actor network is utilized to establish the mapping of active optics systems with disturbances and provide a search basis for the strategy unit, which can increase the search speed; The strategy unit is used to optimize the correction force, which can improve the accuracy of the DLCA. Notably, a heuristic search algorithm is applied to reduce the search time in the strategy unit. The simulation results show that the DLCA can effectively improve correction capability and has good adaptability. Compared with the least square algorithm (LSA), the algorithm we proposed has better performance, indicating that the DLCA is more accurate and can be used in active optics. Moreover, the proposed approach can provide a new idea for further research of active optics.

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48

Jakymiv, A. L. "Dopustimye funkcii dlja konusa i asimptotika bezgranicno delimyh raspredelenij." Publications de l'Institut Math?matique (Belgrade) 80, no. 94 (2006): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pim0694273j.

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Odnim iz vozmoznyh obobscenij pravil'no menjajuscihsja funkcij na mnogomernyj slucaj javljajutsja dopustimye funkcii dlja konusa. Dopustimye funkcii dlja proizvol'nogo zamknutogo vypuklogo ostrogo telesnogo n-mernogo konusa byli vvedeny Ju. N. Drozzinovym i B. I. Zav'jalovym v 1984 godu v svjazi s prilozenijami v tauberovoj teorii i matematiceskoj fizike. V nastojascej stat'e privodjatsja opredelenija i primery nekotoryh klassov dopustimyh funkcij konusa, a takze mnogomernye tauberovy teoremy dlja nih. V kacestve prilozenija v konce stat'i dana asimptotika na beskonecnosti bezgranicno delimyh raspredelenij s nositelem v proizvol'nom zamknutom vypuklom ostrom telesnom odnorodnom konuse iz Rn.

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Barisione, Giovanni, Claudia Brusasco, Alessandro Garlaschi, Michele Baroffio, and Vito Brusasco. "Lung diffusing capacity for nitric oxide as a marker of fibrotic changes in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias." Journal of Applied Physiology 120, no. 9 (May 1, 2016): 1029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00964.2015.

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Lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is decreased in both usual interstitial pneumonia-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (UIP-IPF) and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), but is moderately related to computed tomography (CT)-determined fibrotic changes. This may be due to the relative insensitivity of DLCO to changes in alveolar membrane diffusive conductance (DMCO). The purpose of this study was to determine whether measurement of lung diffusing capacity for nitric oxide (DLNO) better reflects fibrotic changes than DLCO. DLNO-DLCO were measured simultaneously in 30 patients with UIP-IPF and 30 with NSIP. Eighty-one matched healthy subjects served as a control group. The amount of pulmonary fibrosis was estimated by CT volumetric analysis of visually bounded areas showing reticular opacities and honeycombing. DMCO and pulmonary capillary volume (VC) were calculated. DLNO was below the lower limit of normal in all patients irrespective of extent and nature of disease, whereas DLCO was within the normal range in a nonnegligible number of patients. Both DLNO and DLCO were significantly correlated with visual assessment of fibrosis but DLNO more closely than DLCO. DMCO was also below the lower limit of normal in all UIP-IPF and NSIP patients and significantly correlated with fibrosis extent in both diseases, whereas VC was weakly correlated with fibrosis in UIP-IPF and uncorrelated in NSIP, with normal values in half of patients. In conclusion, measurement of DLNO may provide a more sensitive evaluation of fibrotic changes than DLCO in either UIP-IPF or NSIP, because it better reflects DMCO.

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Radtke, Thomas, Quintin de Groot, Sarah R. Haile, Marion Maggi, Connie C. W. Hsia, and Holger Dressel. "Lung diffusing capacity for nitric oxide measured by two commercial devices: a randomised crossover comparison in healthy adults." ERJ Open Research 7, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 00193–2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00193-2021.

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In Europe, two commercial devices are available to measure combined single-breath diffusing capacity of the lung for nitric oxide (DLNO) and carbon monoxide (DLCO) in one manoeuvre. Reference values were derived by pooling datasets from both devices, but agreement between devices has not been established.We conducted a randomised crossover trial in 35 healthy adults (age 40.0±15.5 years, 51% female) to compare DLNO (primary end-point) between MasterScreen™ (Vyaire Medical, Mettawa, IL, USA) and HypAir (Medisoft, Dinant, Belgium) devices during a single visit under controlled conditions. Linear mixed models were used adjusting for device and period as fixed effects and random intercept for each participant.Difference in DLNO between HypAir and MasterScreen was 24.0 mL·min−1·mmHg−1 (95% CI 21.7–26.3). There was no difference in DLCO (−0.03 mL·min−1·mmHg−1, 95% CI −0.57–0.12) between devices while alveolar volume (VA) was higher on HypAir compared to MasterScreen™ (0.48 L, 95% CI 0.45–0.52). Disparity in the estimation of VA and the rate of NO uptake (KNO=DLNO/VA) could explain the discrepancy in DLNO between devices. Disparity in the estimation of VA and the rate of CO uptake (KCO=DLCO/VA) per unit of VA offset each other resulting in negligible discrepancy in DLCO between devices. Differences in methods of expiratory gas sampling and sensor specifications between devices likely explain these observations.These findings have important implications for derivation of DLNO reference values and comparison of results across studies. Until this issue is resolved, reference values, established on the respective devices, should be used for test interpretation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'DLNA'

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