Journal articles: 'DMD (Digital micromirror Device)'

1

Starasotnikau, M. A. "Assessment of Temperature Effects in Interior Orientation Parameters Calibration of Optoelectronic Devices." Devices and Methods of Measurements 11, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-2-122-131.

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A digital micromirror device (DMD) micromirrors periodic spatial structure is a measuring scale in interior orientation parameters calibration of optoelectronic devices problems, when using a DMD as a testobject. It is important that DMD micromirrors periodic spatial structure remains constant. Change in a DMD micromirrors spatial structure may occur due to heating. In addition to heating a DMD, an optoelectronic device photodetector is also subject to heating and, accordingly, change in its spatial structure. It is necessary to estimate change in a spatial structure of DMD micromirrors and an optoelectronic device photodetector.A DMD micromirrors spatial drift and a DMD micromirrors spatial drift together with a digital camera photodetector pixels spatial drift for operation 4 h are analyzed. The drift analysis consisted in the points array position assessing formed by a DMD and projected onto a digital camera. When analyzing only a DMD micromirrors drift, a digital camera was turned on only for shooting time for exclude digital camera influence. A digital camera did not have time to significantly heat up, during this time. After a digital camera it cooled to a room temperature.Average drift of all DMD micromirrors determines the accuracy of interior orientation parameters calibration of optoelectronic devices using a DMD in time. Maximum drift of all micromirrors after switching on is observed. Minimum DMD warm-up time is 60 min for average drift of all micromirrors less than 1 μm is necessary. Minimum DMD warm-up time is 120 min when using a DMD together with a digital camera is necessary.A DMD expansion uniformity determines the accuracy of interior orientation parameters calibration of optoelectronic devices using a DMD, because irregular expansion disturbs micromirrors periodicity. The average change in distance of neighboring points is less than 0.1 μm for every 20 min.Thus, a DMD can be used as a test-object in interior orientation parameters calibration of optoelectronic devices. The results can be used as compensation coefficients of change in DMD micromirrors spatial structure due to temperature effects during operation, if more accurate are necessary.

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Hornbeck, Larry J. "The DMDTM Projection Display Chip: A MEMS-Based Technology." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 4 (April 2001): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.72.

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The possibility of an all-digital (sourceto-eye) projection display was realized in 1987 with the invention of the Digital Micromirror Device™ projection display chip at Texas Instruments (TI). The DMD™ chip is a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) array of fast digital micromirrors, monolithically integrated onto and controlled by an underlying silicon memory chip. Digital Light Processing™ projection displays are based on the DMD chip. DLP™ projection displays present bright, seamless images to the eye that have high image fidelity, and stability.

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Zhang, Yijing, Phil Surman, and Sailing He. "A Resolution-Enhanced Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) Projection System." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 78153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3082564.

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Markandey, V., T. Clatanoff, R. Gove, and K. Ohara. "Motion adaptive deinterlacer for DMD (digital micromirror device) based digital television." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 40, no. 3 (1994): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/30.320865.

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Rodin, V. G. "A non-coherent holographic correlator based on a digital micromirror device." Computer Optics 42, no. 3 (July 25, 2018): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-2018-42-3-347-353.

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The possibility of application of a digital micromirror device (DMD) as a spatial light modulator for outputting holographic filters in an optical correlator illuminated by quasimonochromatic spatially incoherent radiation was discussed. The experimental setup of the optical correlator was assembled using a one-lens scheme. Experiments on the recognition of test objects with the synthesized dynamic holographic filters being output onto the DMD were performed. The results obtained allow one to conclude that object recognition can be successfully performed using the proposed scheme of a non-coherent correlator containing a digital micromirror device.

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JIANG, YUQIANG, ISAMU OH, YOSHITAKA MATSUMOTO, YOICHIROH HOSOKAWA, and HIROSHI MASUHARA. "SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATING AND MULTI-TRAPPING WITH A DMD." Modern Physics Letters B 21, no. 04 (February 10, 2007): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798490701261x.

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Although the digital micromirror device (DMD) has been considered to be a spatial light modulator (SLM) for a long time, it is seldom utilized for holographic tweezers practically because of its energy loss. In this work, a multi-trapping system built with a DMD is demonstrated. But a problem of dispersion is found when the DMD is applied to femtosecond laser, and its mechanism is studied.

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Chiang, Min-Xu, Jaturon Tongpakpanang, and Wen-Kai Kuo. "Phase Measurement of Guided-Mode Resonance Device Using Digital Micromirror Device Gratings." Photonics 8, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8050136.

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This paper reports on the measurement system of the phase difference between s- and p-polarization components of the light passing through a guided-mode resonance (GMR) device using a digital micromirror device (DMD) gratings as a digital phase-shifting device. The phase of the non-zeroth order diffraction beams of the grating pattern displayed on the DMD can exhibit a phase change when the grating pattern is shifted. Two nearest different diffraction orders of p-polarized and s-polarized beams can be used as the reference and measurement beams, respectively, and are combined to implement the phase-shifting interferometry (PSI). The phase difference between the s- and the p-polarization components of the incident light passing through the GMR device can be obtained by applying the four-step phase-shift algorithm to the DMD-based PSI system. Experimental results show that this measurement system has a phase detection limit of 1° and was able to obtain the abrupt phase difference curve of the GMR device versus the incident angle.

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Gao, Yunshu, Xiao Chen, Genxiang Chen, Zhongwei Tan, Qiao Chen, Dezheng Dai, Qian Zhang, and Chao Yu. "Programmable Spectral Filter in C-Band Based on Digital Micromirror Device." Micromachines 10, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10030163.

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Optical filters have been adopted in many applications such as reconfigurable telecommunication switches, tunable lasers and spectral imaging. However, most of commercialized filters based on a micro-electrical-mechanical system (MEMS) only provide a minimum bandwidth of 25 GHz in telecom so far. In this work, the programmable filter based on a digital micromirror device (DMD) experimentally demonstrated a minimum bandwidth of 12.5 GHz in C-band that matched the grid width of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) G.694.1 standard. It was capable of filtering multiple wavebands simultaneously and flexibly by remotely uploading binary holograms onto the DMD. The number of channels and the center wavelength could be adjusted independently, as well as the channel bandwidth and the output power. The center wavelength tuning resolution of this filter achieved 0.033 nm and the insertion loss was about 10 dB across the entire C-band. Since the DMD had a high power handling capability (25 KW/cm2) of around 200 times that of the liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) chip, the DMD-based filters are expected to be applied in high power situations.

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Zhuang, Ziyun, and Ho Pui Ho. "Application of digital micromirror devices (DMD) in biomedical instruments." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 13, no. 06 (August 5, 2020): 2030011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545820300116.

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There is an ongoing technological revolution in the field of biomedical instruments. Consequently, high performance healthcare devices have led to remarkable economic developments in the medical hardware industry. Until now, nearly all optical bio-imaging systems are based on the 2-dimensional imaging chip architecture. In fact, recent developments in digital micromirror devices (DMDs) are gradually making their way from conventional optical projection displays into biomedical instruments. As an ultrahigh-speed spatial light modulator, the DMD may offer a range of new applications including real-time biomedical sensing or imaging, as well as orientation tracking and targeted screening. Given its short history, the use of DMD in biomedical and healthcare instruments has emerged only within the past decade. In this paper, we first provide an overview by summarizing all reported cases found in the literature. We then critically analyze the general pros and cons of using DMD, specifically in terms of response speed, stability, accuracy, repeatability, robustness, and degree of automation, in relation to the performance outcome of the designated instrument. Particularly, we shall focus our discussion on the use of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS)-based devices in a set of representative instruments including the surface plasmon resonance biosensor, optical microscopes, Raman spectrometers, ophthalmoscopes, and the micro stereolithographic system. Finally, the prospects of using the DMD approach in biomedical or healthcare systems and possible next generation DMD-based biomedical devices are presented.

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Mott, Eric J., Mallory Busso, Xinyi Luo, Courtney Dolder, Martha O. Wang, John P. Fisher, and David Dean. "Digital micromirror device (DMD)-based 3D printing of poly(propylene fumarate) scaffolds." Materials Science and Engineering: C 61 (April 2016): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.071.

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Gu, Chenglin, Dapeng Zhang, Yina Chang, and Shih-Chi Chen. "Arbitrary amplitude femtosecond pulse shaping via a digital micromirror device." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 12, no. 01 (January 2019): 1840002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545818400023.

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An ultrafast spectrum programmable femtosecond laser may enhance the performance of a wide variety of scientific applications, e.g., multi-photon imaging. In this paper, we report a digital micromirror device (DMD)-based ultrafast pulse shaper, i.e., DUPS, for femtosecond laser arbitrary amplitude shaping — the first time a programmable binary device reported to shape the amplitudes of ultrafast pulses spectrum at up to 32[Formula: see text]kHz rate over a broad wavelength range. The DUPS is highly efficient, compact, and low cost based on the use of a DMD in combination with a transmission grating. Spatial and temporal dispersion introduced by the DUPS is compensated by a quasi-4-f setup and a grating pair, respectively. Femtosecond pulses with arbitrary spectrum shapes, including rectangular, sawtooth, triangular, double-pulse, and exponential profile, have been demonstrated in our experiments. A feedback operation process is implemented in the DUPS to ensure a robust and repeatable shaping process. The total efficiency of the DUPS for amplitude shaping is measured to be 27%.

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Restrepo, John, Nelson Correa-Rojas, and Jorge Herrera-Ramirez. "Speckle Noise Reduction in Digital Holography Using a DMD and Multi-Hologram Resampling." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 22, 2020): 8277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228277.

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Speckle noise is a well-documented problem on coherent imaging techniques like Digital Holography. A method to reduce the speckle noise level is presented, based on introducing a Digital Micromirror Device to phase modulate the illumination over the object. Multiple holograms with varying illuminations are recorded and the reconstructed intensities are averaged to obtain a final improved image. A simple numerical resampling scheme is proposed to further improve noise reduction. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the hybrid approach.

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Fukano, T., and A. Miyawaki. "2G1545 Whole-filed fluorescence microscope with digital micromirror device." Seibutsu Butsuri 42, supplement2 (2002): S116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.42.s116_4.

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Riza, Nabeel A., and Farzan N. Ghauri. "Super-resolution variable fiber optic attenuator instrument using digital micromirror device (DMD™)." Review of Scientific Instruments 76, no. 9 (September 2005): 095102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2038587.

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Doherty, D., and G. Hewlett. "10.4: Phased Reset Timing for Improved Digital Micromirror Device™ (DMD™) Brightness." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 29, no. 1 (1998): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.1833710.

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Jiang, Chenchen, Hongti Zhang, Jian Song, and Yang Lu. "Digital micromirror device (DMD)-based high-cycle tensile fatigue testing of 1D nanomaterials." Extreme Mechanics Letters 18 (January 2018): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2017.11.005.

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Jiang, Chenchen, Dayong Hu, and Yang Lu. "Digital Micromirror Device (DMD)-Based High-Cycle Torsional Fatigue Testing Micromachine for 1D Nanomaterials." Micromachines 7, no. 3 (March 14, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi7030049.

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Jiao, Shuming, Dongfang Zhang, Chonglei Zhang, Yang Gao, Ting Lei, and Xiaocong Yuan. "Complex-Amplitude Holographic Projection With a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) and Error Diffusion Algorithm." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 26, no. 5 (September 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2020.2996657.

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Takahashi, Takayuki, Tomoyoshi Shimobaba, Takashi Kakue, and Tomoyoshi Ito. "Time-Division Color Holographic Projection in Large Size Using a Digital Micromirror Device." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 6277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146277.

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Holographic projection is a simple projection as it enlarges or reduces reconstructed images without using a zoom lens. However, one major problem associated with this projection is the deterioration of image quality as the reconstructed image enlarges. In this paper, we propose a time-division holographic projection, in which the original image is divided into blocks and the holograms of each block are calculated. Using a digital micromirror device (DMD), the holograms were projected at high speed to obtain the entire reconstructed image. However, the holograms on the DMD need to be binarized, thereby causing uneven brightness between the divided blocks. We correct this by controlling the displaying time of each hologram. Additionally, combining both the proposed and noise reduction methods, the image quality of the reconstructed image was improved. Results from the simulation and optical reconstructions show we obtained a full-color reconstruction image with reduced noise and uneven brightness.

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Chen, Xiao, Dezheng Dai, Yi Zhang, Hongyuan Wu, Yunshu Gao, Genxiang Chen, and Yiquan Wang. "Wavelength-Flexible Thulium-Doped Fiber Laser Based on Digital Micromirror Array." Micromachines 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121036.

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Wavelength-tunable thulium-doped fiber laser is demonstrated employing a digital micromirror device (DMD) in combination with a fixed grating. The diffraction property of four typical models of DMDs and its steering efficiency for the laser system are analyzed based on two-dimensional grating theory. By spatially modulating reflective patterns on a DMD, the stable, fast, and flexible tuning of lasing wavelength from 1930 nm to 2000 nm is achieved with wavelength tuning accuracy of 0.1 nm. The side-mode suppression ratio is larger than 50 dB around the 2 μm band with 3 dB linewidth less than 0.05 nm. The wavelength drift and power fluctuation are lower than 0.05 nm and 0.1 dB within 1 h at the room temperature, respectively.

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Hongming Liu, 刘宏明, 刘玉娟 Yujuan Liu, 宋莹 Ying Song, 仲志成 Zhicheng Zhong, 孔令胜 Lingsheng Kong, and 刘怀宾 Huaibin Liu. "Principle and optimum analysis of small near-infrared spectrometers based on digital micromirror device." Infrared and Laser Engineering 50, no. 2 (2021): 20200427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla.7_2020-0427.

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Hongming Liu, 刘宏明, 刘玉娟 Yujuan Liu, 宋莹 Ying Song, 仲志成 Zhicheng Zhong, 孔令胜 Lingsheng Kong, and 刘怀宾 Huaibin Liu. "Principle and optimum analysis of small near-infrared spectrometers based on digital micromirror device." Infrared and Laser Engineering 50, no. 2 (2021): 20200427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla20200427.

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Dong, Huan. "Research in Optical Image Differential Based on Digital Filter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 4466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.4466.

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In this paper, we create the optical differential filter displayed on a digital micromirror device which achieving differential operation of image is proposed. We produced the digital cosine composite grating through the computer which replaced the traditional holographic composite grating filter, and transmitted the image of composite grating to the DMD which connected to the computer. This method can produce optical filters quickly, avoiding developing, fusing processing, and can according to the specific requirements of the image to adjust the filter quickly. The method not only can save time, but also can improve the processing accuracy greatly.

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Li, Jinliang, Xiao Chen, Dezheng Dai, Yunshu Gao, Min Lv, and Genxiang Chen. "Tunable Fiber Laser with High Tuning Resolution in C-band Based on Echelle Grating and DMD Chip." Micromachines 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10010037.

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The tunable fiber laser with high tuning resolution in the C-band is proposed and demonstrated based on a digital micromirror device (DMD) chip and an echelle grating. The laser employs a DMD as a programmable wavelength filter and an echelle grating with high-resolution features to design a cross-dispersion optical path to achieve high-precision tuning. Experimental results show that wavelength channels with 3 dB-linewidth less than 0.02 nm can be tuned flexibly in the C-band and the wavelength tuning resolution is as small as 0.036 nm. The output power fluctuation is better than 0.07 dB, and the wavelength shift is below 0.013 nm in 1 h at room temperature.

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Yang, Xibin, Qian Zhu, Zhenglong Sun, Gang Wen, Xin Jin, Linbo Wang, Jialin Liu, Daxi Xiong, and Hui Li. "Fringe optimization for structured illumination super-resolution microscope with digital micromirror device." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 12, no. 03 (May 2019): 1950014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545819500147.

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Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a promising super-resolution technique for imaging subcellular structures and dynamics due to its compatibility with most commonly used fluorescent labeling methods. Structured illumination can be obtained by either laser interference or projection of fringe patterns. Here, we proposed a fringe projector composed of a compact multi-wavelength LEDs module and a digital micromirror device (DMD) which can be directly attached to most commercial inverted fluorescent microscopes and update it into a SIM system. The effects of the period and duty cycle of fringe patterns on the modulation depth of the structured light field were studied. With the optimized fringe pattern, [Formula: see text] resolution improvement could be obtained with high-end oil objectives. Multicolor imaging and dynamics of subcellular organelles in live cells were also demonstrated. Our method provides a low-cost solution for SIM setup to expand its wide range of applications to most research labs in the field of life science and medicine.

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Chen, Liang Chia, Wei Chieh Kao, and Yao Ting Huang. "Automatic Full-Field 3-D Profilometry Using White Light Confocal Microscopy with DMD-Based Fringe Projection." Materials Science Forum 505-507 (January 2006): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.505-507.361.

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A new full-field 3-D micro surface profilometer using digital micromirror device (DMD)-based fringe projection strategy and confocal principle is presented in the article. In viewing the fact that conventional laser confocal measurement method not only easily encounters undesired irregular scattering problems, but also lack scanning efficiency due to its single-point type measurement, the newly developed automatic surface profilometer deploys a DMD chip to project spatially encoded digital fringe patterns with dynamic light intensity, onto the object to obtain excellent measurement performance. A novel digital fringe pattern design with adaptive sinusoidal intensity modulation was developed for active fringe projection, to obtain optimized depth resolution with a micrometer lateral resolution in confocal measurement. Some of semiconductor components have been measured to attest the feasibility of the developed approach. The depth measurement resolution can reach better than 0.1μm and the maximal measured error was verified to be less than less than 0.5 % of the measured step size.

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Dinh, Duc-Hanh, Hung-Liang Chien, and Yung-Chun Lee. "Maskless lithography based on digital micromirror device (DMD) and double sided microlens and spatial filter array." Optics & Laser Technology 113 (May 2019): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.01.001.

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Choi, Jong-Ryul, Kyujung Kim, and Donghyun Kim. "In Situ Fluorescence Optical Detection Using a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) for 3D Cell-based Assays." Journal of the Optical Society of Korea 16, no. 1 (March 25, 2012): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3807/josk.2012.16.1.042.

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Ballard, Brian, Vikrant Bhakta, Michael Douglass, Pedro Gelabert, Jeff Kempf, William McDonald, Greg Pettitt, et al. "5-1:Invited Paper: ‘Steering’ Light with Texas Instruments Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) - Past, Present & Future." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 47, no. 1 (May 2016): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.10590.

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Ri, Shien, Yasuhiro Matsunaga, Motoharu Fujigaki, Toru Matui, and Yoshiharu Morimoto. "Development of DMD Reflection-Type CCD Camera for Phase Analysis and Shape Measurement." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 18, no. 6 (December 20, 2006): 728–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2006.p0728.

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Phase-shifting method effectively attains high resolution and high accuracy in analyzing phase information on a projected grating. It is difficult to apply dynamically, however, because it usually requires several images. We developed a camera based on digital micromirror device (DMD) technology for high-speed phase analysis and shape measurement, called a DMD reflection-type CCD camera or DMD camera. Implementing DMD technology enables accurate control of intensity reaching the imaging detector of a camera. Moiré is used to adjust pixel-to-pixel correspondence highly accuracy. We introduce a controllable high-speed DMD operation board to control DMD mirrors at high-speed, so each DMD mirror operates as a controllable high-speed shutter for the corresponding CCD pixel. In experiments with an application, we conducted DMD integrated phase-shifting method using correlation to analyze phase distributions of projected gratings from images recorded by the DMD camera. We then discuss principles and experimental results under dynamic conditions. This paper is a revised version of one presented at the SPIE International Symposium on Optomechatronic Technologies (ISOT 2005), December 4-7, 2005 at the Sapporo Convention Center, Japan. That paper appears in SPIE Proceedings Vol.6049, 60490I.

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Lachetta, Mario, Hauke Sandmeyer, Alice Sandmeyer, Jan Schulte am Esch, Thomas Huser, and Marcel Müller. "Simulating digital micromirror devices for patterning coherent excitation light in structured illumination microscopy." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2199 (April 26, 2021): 20200147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0147.

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Digital micromirror devices (DMDs) are spatial light modulators that employ the electro-mechanical movement of miniaturized mirrors to steer and thus modulate the light reflected off a mirror array. Their wide availability, low cost and high speed make them a popular choice both in consumer electronics such as video projectors, and scientific applications such as microscopy. High-end fluorescence microscopy systems typically employ laser light sources, which by their nature provide coherent excitation light. In super-resolution microscopy applications that use light modulation, most notably structured illumination microscopy (SIM), the coherent nature of the excitation light becomes a requirement to achieve optimal interference pattern contrast. The universal combination of DMDs and coherent light sources, especially when working with multiple different wavelengths, is unfortunately not straight forward. The substructure of the tilted micromirror array gives rise to a blazed grating, which has to be understood and which must be taken into account when designing a DMD-based illumination system. Here, we present a set of simulation frameworks that explore the use of DMDs in conjunction with coherent light sources, motivated by their application in SIM, but which are generalizable to other light patterning applications. This framework provides all the tools to explore and compute DMD-based diffraction effects and to simulate possible system alignment configurations computationally, which simplifies the system design process and provides guidance for setting up DMD-based microscopes. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting ‘Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (part 1)’.

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Chen, Liang Chia, and Yi Wei Chang. "High Accuracy Confocal Full-Field 3-D Surface Profilometry for Micro Lenses Using a Digital Fringe Projection Strategy." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.113.

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A high-accuracy full field 3-D surface profilometer using digital structured fringe projection is presented in the article. In the proposed method, a depth-focus response curve can be established by performing a confocal scanning along the optical axis of the measurement system when a digital fringe is controlled and projected by a digital micromirror device (DMD). To avoid specular light diffusive problems, the developed method projects spatially encoded digital fringe patterns with modulated light intensity onto a shinny lens surface, in order to achieve full field and high accuracy measurement. Some of spherical microlenses have been measured to attest the feasibility of the developed approach. The depth measurement resolution can reach up to 0.1μm and the averaged measurement error was verified to be a submicro scale.

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Li, Siqi, Mulong Liu, Xingyi Li, Zhiqiang Ge, and Lingxuan Zhang. "Rapid generation of perfect vortex beam without side lobes." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 24 (August 27, 2018): 1850289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918502895.

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We have proposed an approach for rapid generation of perfect vortex beam without side lobes through a digital micromirror device (DMD). Employing this method, the amplitude and phase of far field can be controlled indirectly by changing the rotation state of each unit on the DMD. The perfect vortex beams of equal rings diameter independent of their topological charges are generated commendably and the side lobes are avoided. Moreover, we have demonstrated rapid switching among the generated orbital angular momentum modes at the speed of 10 kHz, which is much faster than that of the usual method realized by spatial light modulators (SLMs). The proposed method is very beneficial for the optical communication and trapping or manipulating the small particle based on orbital angular momentum modes.

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Hu, Jin, D. L. Pu, and Lin Sen Chen. "The Deep Etching Process Based on Parallel Laser Direct Writing System." Key Engineering Materials 426-427 (January 2010): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.426-427.265.

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Due to the high cost-effectiveness, extra flexibility, and short production cycle, laser direct writing system as a kind of maskless lithography technology has been widely used in the fields of micro-nano-manufacturing. The working principle of the parallel laser direct writing system based on DMD(Digital Micromirror Device) is introduced. A novel negative photoresist -- dry film photoresist is adopted into the study of deep etching for the fabrication of the micro mold. The experimental results show that: the whole process is convenient, efficient and flexible; the precision of the 2-D patterning and the depth of etching is reliable.

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Lu, Zifeng, Jinghang Zhang, Hua Liu, Jialin Xu, and Jinhuan Li. "The Improvement on the Performance of DMD Hadamard Transform Near-Infrared Spectrometer by Double Filter Strategy and a New Hadamard Mask." Micromachines 10, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10020149.

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In the Hadamard transform (HT) near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer, there are defects that can create a nonuniform distribution of spectral energy, significantly influencing the absorbance of the whole spectrum, generating stray light, and making the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the spectrum inconsistent. To address this issue and improve the performance of the digital micromirror device (DMD) Hadamard transform near-infrared spectrometer, a split waveband scan mode is proposed to mitigate the impact of the stray light, and a new Hadamard mask of variable-width stripes is put forward to improve the SNR of the spectrometer. The results of the simulations and experiments indicate that by the new scan mode and Hadamard mask, the influence of stray light is restrained and reduced. In addition, the SNR of the spectrometer also is increased.

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Vienola, Kari V., Mathi Damodaran, Boy Braaf, Koenraad A. Vermeer, and Johannes F. de Boer. "In vivo retinal imaging for fixational eye motion detection using a high-speed digital micromirror device (DMD)-based ophthalmoscope." Biomedical Optics Express 9, no. 2 (January 11, 2018): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.9.000591.

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Kodama, Motoi, and Shinichiro Haruyama. "A Fine-Grained Visible Light Communication Position Detection System Embedded in One-Colored Light Using DMD Projector." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9708154.

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When we consider the Internet of Things (IoT) society that all of the people and things are connected by the Internet and with each other and they can use the variety of services and applications, the development of sensing and communication technology is very important. As one of its key technologies, the visible light communication (VLC) has attracted attention in the point of ubiquity. In this paper, we propose a fine-grained VLC position detection system embedded in one-colored light using Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) projector for new location services in millimeters and report its concept and fundamental experiment using our prototype of the receiver module with Linux single-board computer, Raspberry Pi. In addition, we mention the future application using our system in a clothes shop. Our experimental results show that our system has high accuracy in millimeters and the potential to be more convenient in the future’s location services using the VLC with the DMD projector. There was no trial to use a DMD projector as the illumination until now, but our study shows that the DMD projector has an availability of special modulated VLC illumination type beacon in the IoT age.

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Wang, Yingzhi, Tailin Han, Xu Jiang, Yuhan Yan, and Hong Liu. "Path Planning of Pattern Transfer Based on Dual-Operator and a Dual-Population Ant Colony Algorithm for Digital Mask Projection Lithography." Entropy 22, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22030295.

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In the process of digital micromirror device (DMD) digital mask projection lithography, the lithography efficiency will be enhanced greatly by path planning of pattern transfer. This paper proposes a new dual operator and dual population ant colony (DODPACO) algorithm. Firstly, load operators and feedback operators are used to update the local and global pheromones in the white ant colony, and the feedback operator is used in the yellow ant colony. The concept of information entropy is used to regulate the number of yellow and white ant colonies adaptively. Secondly, take eight groups of large-scale data in TSPLIB as examples to compare with two classical ACO and six improved ACO algorithms; the results show that the DODPACO algorithm is superior in solving large-scale events in terms of solution quality and convergence speed. Thirdly, take PCB production as an example to verify the time saved after path planning; the DODPACO algorithm is used for path planning, which saves 34.3% of time compared with no path planning, and is about 1% shorter than the suboptimal algorithm. The DODPACO algorithm is applicable to the path planning of pattern transfer in DMD digital mask projection lithography and other digital mask lithography.

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Sinjab, Faris, Zhiyu Liao, and Ioan Notingher. "Applications of Spatial Light Modulators in Raman Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 73, no. 7 (April 16, 2019): 727–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702819834575.

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Advances in consumer display screen technologies have historically been adapted by researchers across the fields of optics as they can be used as electronically controlled spatial light modulators (SLMs) for a variety of uses. The performance characteristics of such SLM devices based on liquid crystal (LC) and digital micromirror device (DMD) technologies, in particular, has developed to the point where they are compatible with increasingly sensitive instrumental applications, for example, Raman spectroscopy. Spatial light modulators provide additional flexibility, from modulation of the laser excitation (including multiple laser foci patterns), manipulation of microscopic samples (optical trapping), or selection of sampling volume (adaptive optics or spatially offset Raman spectroscopy), to modulation in the spectral domain for high-resolution spectral filtering or multiplexed/compressive fast detection. Here, we introduce the benefits of different SLM devices as a part of Raman instrumentation and provide a variety of recent example applications which have benefited from their incorporation into a Raman system.

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Choi, J. W., Y. M. Ha, K. H. Choi, and Seok Hee Lee. "Fabrication of 3-Dimensional Microstructures Using Dynamic Image Projection." Key Engineering Materials 339 (May 2007): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.339.473.

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As demand for complex precision parts increase, the existing fabrication methods such as MEMS, and LIGA technology have technical limitations with regard to high precision, high aspect ratio, and high complexity. A microstereolithography technology based on DMDTM(Digital Micromirror Device) can meet these demands. DMD enables a system to handle dynamic patterns. In this technology, the same standard format of the conventional rapid prototyping system, the STL file, is used, and 3D parts are fabricated by stacking layers that are sliced as 2D section from STL file. Whereas in conventional methods, the resin surface is cured by scanning laser beam spot according to the section shape, but in this research, we used an integral process which enabled the resin surface to be cured by one irradiation. In this paper, we dealt with the dynamic pattern generation and DMD operation to fabricate microstructures. Firstly, the microstereolithography apparatus and process were discussed. Secondly, the DMD operation according to mirror tilting, and optimal mounters for DMD and reflecting mirror according to light path were described. And thirdly, complex 3D microstructures were demonstrated.

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Yu, Wei, Olivier Deschaume, Stijn Jooken, Fanglei Guo, Pengfei Zhang, Jolan Wellens, Christ Glorieux, and Carmen Bartic. "Real-Time Temperature Detection Via Quantum Dots for Photothermal Cellular Actuation." Proceedings 56, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020056040.

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Plasmonic heating finds multiple applications in cell manipulation and stimulation, where heat generated by metal nanoparticles can be used to modify cell adhesion, control membrane currents, and suppress neuronal action potentials among others. Metal nanoparticles can also be easily integrated in artificial extracellular matrices to provide tunable, thermal cueing functionalities with nanometer spatial resolution. In this contribution, we present a platform enabling the combination of plasmonic heating with localized temperature sensing using quantum dots (QDs). Specifically, a functional nanocomposite material was designed with gold nanorods (AuNRs) and QDs incorporated in a cell-permissive hydrogel (e.g., collagen) as well as an optical set-up combining optical heating and temperature imaging, respectively. Specific area stimulation/readout can be realized through structured illumination using digital micromirror device (DMD) projection.

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Pechprasarn, Suejit, Phichet Kawilo, Srisakul Somjaiprasert, Phitsini Suvarnaphaet, Sani Boonyagul, Michael G. Somekh, and Naphat Albutt. "A Low Cost Time-Coded Confocal Microscope." Applied Mechanics and Materials 866 (June 2017): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.866.357.

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Confocal microscopy is a high resolution microscope technique, which operates by scanning a diffraction limited focal spot over a sample. This focal point on the sample is then imaged through an objective lens and a pinhole to ensure that only the information coming from the focal plane is captured and the information from the other planes are blocked by the pinhole. Although this gives better lateral resolution, this method is inefficient in terms of the amount of light required and the scanning time. In this paper, we discuss an alternative solution using digital micromirror device (DMD) to perform multiple focal points scanning simultaneously. This is done by projecting a series of orthogonal codes onto the DMD. The corresponding images obtained from the orthogonal codes are then saved and processed offline in a computer to calculate a confocal image. We use incoherent illumination rather than a laser source as used previously. We also discuss a key issue in this confocal system, which is a suitable separation between each focal spots and a crosstalk between them. We demonstrate that the proposed confocal configuration with the DMD device improves the light efficiency, the scanning time through the parallel confocal spots and a laser source is not required.

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Wang, Hui, Qiurong Yan, Bing Li, Chenglong Yuan, and Yuhao Wang. "Measurement Matrix Construction for Large-area Single Photon Compressive Imaging." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 24, 2019): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030474.

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We have developed a single photon compressive imaging system based on single photon counting technology and compressed sensing theory, using a photomultiplier tube (PMT) photon counting head as the bucket detector. This system can realize ultra-weak light imaging with the imaging area up to the entire digital micromirror device (DMD) working region. The measurement matrix in this system is required to be binary due to the two working states of the micromirror corresponding to two controlled elements. And it has a great impact on the performance of the imaging system, because it involves modulation of the optical signal and image reconstruction. Three kinds of binary matrix including sparse binary random matrix, m sequence matrix and true random number matrix are constructed. The properties of these matrices are analyzed theoretically with the uncertainty principle. The parameters of measurement matrix including sparsity ratio, compressive sampling ratio and reconstruction time are verified in the experimental system. The experimental results show that, the increase of sparsity ratio and compressive sampling ratio can improve the reconstruction quality. However, when the increase is up to a certain value, the reconstruction quality tends to be saturated. Compared to the other two types of measurement matrices, the m sequence matrix has better performance in image reconstruction.

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Gattinger, Paul, Ivan Zorin, Christian Rankl, and Markus Brandstetter. "Spectral-Coding-Based Compressive Single-Pixel NIR Spectroscopy in the Sub-Millisecond Regime." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 5563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165563.

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In this contribution, we present a high-speed, multiplex, grating spectrometer based on a spectral coding approach that is founded on principles of compressive sensing. The spectrometer employs a single-pixel InGaAs detector to measure the signals encoded by an amplitude spatial light modulator (digital micromirror device, DMD). This approach leads to a speed advantage and multiplex sensitivity advantage atypical for standard dispersive systems. Exploiting the 18.2 kHz pattern rate of the DMD, we demonstrated 4.2 ms acquisition times for full spectra with a bandwidth of 450 nm (5250–4300 cm−1; 1.9–2.33 µm). Due to the programmability of the DMD, spectral regions of interest can be chosen freely, thus reducing acquisition times further, down to the sub-millisecond regime. The adjustable resolving power of the system accessed by means of computer simulations is discussed, quantified for different measurement modes, and verified by comparison with a state-of-the-art Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer. We show measurements of characteristic polymer absorption bands in different operation regimes of the spectrometer. The theoretical multiplex advantage of 8 was experimentally verified by comparison of the noise behavior of the spectral coding approach and a standard line-scan approach.

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Chen, Liang Chia, S. H. Tsai, and Kuang Chao Fan. "A New Three-Dimensional Profilometer for Surface Profile Measurement Using Digital Fringe Projection and Phase Shifting." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.471.

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The development of a three-dimensional surface profilometer using digital fringe projection technology and phase-shifting principle is presented. Accurate and high-speed three-dimensional profile measurement plays a key role in determining the success of process automation and productivity. By integrating a digital micromirror device (DMD) with the developed system, exclusive advantages in projecting flexible and accurate structured-light patterns onto the object surface to be measured can be obtained. Furthermore, the developed system consists of a specially designed micro-projecting optical unit for generating flexibly optimal structured-light to accommodate requirements in terms of measurement range and resolution. Its wide angle image detection design also improves measurement resolution for detecting deformed fringe patterns. This resolves the problem in capturing effective deformed fringe patterns for phase shifting, especially when a coaxial optical layout of a stereomicroscope is employed. Experimental results verified that the maximum error was within a reasonable range of the measured depth. The developed system and the method can provide a useful and effective tool for 3D full field surface measurement ranging from µm up to cm scale.

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Yang, Shuowen, Xiang Yan, Hanlin Qin, Qingjie Zeng, Yi Liang, Henry Arguello, and Xin Yuan. "Mid-Infrared Compressive Hyperspectral Imaging." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040741.

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Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has been widely investigated within the context of computational imaging due to the high dimensional challenges for direct imaging. However, existing computational HSI approaches are mostly designed for the visible to near-infrared waveband, whereas less attention has been paid to the mid-infrared spectral range. In this paper, we report a novel mid-infrared compressive HSI system to extend the application domain of mid-infrared digital micromirror device (MIR-DMD). In our system, a modified MIR-DMD is combined with an off-the-shelf infrared spectroradiometer to capture the spatial modulated and compressed measurements at different spectral channels. Following this, a dual-stage image reconstruction method is developed to recover infrared hyperspectral images from these measurements. In addition, a measurement without any coding is used as the side information to aid the reconstruction to enhance the reconstruction quality of the infrared hyperspectral images. A proof-of-concept setup is built to capture the mid-infrared hyperspectral data of 64 pixels × 48 pixels × 100 spectral channels ranging from 3 to 5 μm, with the acquisition time within one minute. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first mid-infrared compressive hyperspectral imaging approach that could offer a less expensive alternative to conventional mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging systems.

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Rehrauer, Owen G., Vu C. Dinh, Bharat R. Mankani, Gregery T. Buzzard, Bradley J. Lucier, and Dor Ben-Amotz. "Binary Complementary Filters for Compressive Raman Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 72, no. 1 (November 7, 2017): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702817732324.

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The previously described optimized binary compressive detection (OB-CD) strategy enables fast hyperspectral Raman (and fluorescence) spectroscopic analysis of systems containing two or more chemical components. However, each OB-CD filter collects only a fraction of the scattered photons and the remainder of the photons are lost. Here, we present a refinement of OB-CD, the OB-CD2 strategy, in which all of the collected Raman photons are detected using a pair of complementary binary optical filters that direct photons of different colors to two photon counting detectors. The OB-CD2 filters are generated using a new optimization algorithm described in this work and implemented using a holographic volume diffraction grating and a digital micromirror device (DMD) whose mirrors are programed to selectively direct photons of different colors either to one or the other photon-counting detector. When applied to pairs of pure liquids or two-component solid powder mixtures, the resulting OB-CD2 strategy is shown to more accurately estimate Raman scattering rates of each chemical component, when compared to the original OB-CD, thus facilitating chemical classification at speeds as fast as 3 μs per measurement and the collection of Raman images in under a second.

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Barbucha, Robert, and Jerzy Mizeraczyk. "Recent progress in direct exposure of interconnects on PCBs." Circuit World 42, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-10-2015-0050.

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Purpose – This paper aims to use a survey of techniques to present the patterning of electric circuitry on printed circuit boards (PCBs). Second, a proposal of a new technology for direct exposure of interconnects on PCBs, using a digital micromirror device (DMD) is presented. Design/methodology/approach – In this proposal, the DMD chip was incorporated into a prototype system for exposure of soldermask pattern for a mass scale production. As a light source, 52 semiconductor UV lasers were combined together to deliver UV powerful beam onto the DMD chip area. Findings – A laser beam power of around 9 W was achieved from a single exposure head. With five exposure heads installed into a single machine, it is possible to expose 1,400 PCB panels per day. Such a production rate from a single exposure machine satisfies the demands of biggest PCB factories. Research limitations/implications – The Gaussian energy distribution of the laser beam from the 52-lasers head on the PCB surface was experimentally found. Because the exposure image needs to be highly uniform, this made a problem when the printed circuitry quality is considered. This problem was solved by using a software algorithm. Practical implications – The use of UV lasers exposure heads brings economical advantages over conventional bulb UV lamps. The power consumption drops down ten times for lasers source. Social implications – Because the exposure processing can be made with lower electric costs and higher yield, it will make the PCBs cheaper. Originality/value – At present, the idea of collecting a great number of lasers as a UV source for exposure head is attractive solution.

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Cui, Juan, Huaping Wang, Qing Shi, Tao Sun, Qiang Huang, and Toshio Fukuda. "Multicellular Co-Culture in Three-Dimensional Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogels for Liver Tissue Engineering." Molecules 24, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 1762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091762.

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Three-dimensional (3D) tissue models replicating liver architectures and functions are increasingly being needed for regenerative medicine. However, traditional studies are focused on establishing 2D environments for hepatocytes culture since it is challenging to recreate biodegradable 3D tissue-like architecture at a micro scale by using hydrogels. In this paper, we utilized a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel as a matrix to construct 3D lobule-like microtissues for co-culture of hepatocytes and fibroblasts. GelMA hydrogel with high cytocompatibility and high structural fidelity was determined to fabricate hepatocytes encapsulated micromodules with central radial-type hole by photo-crosslinking through a digital micromirror device (DMD)-based microfluidic channel. The cellular micromodules were assembled through non-contact pick-up strategy relying on local fluid-based micromanipulation. Then the assembled micromodules were coated with fibroblast-laden GelMA, subsequently irradiated by ultraviolet for integration of the 3D lobule-like microtissues encapsulating multiple cell types. With long-term co-culture, the 3D lobule-like microtissues encapsulating hepatocytes and fibroblasts maintained over 90% cell viability. The liver function of albumin secretion was enhanced for the co-cultured 3D microtissues compared to the 3D microtissues encapsulating only hepatocytes. Experimental results demonstrated that 3D lobule-like microtissues fabricated by GelMA hydrogels capable of multicellular co-culture with high cell viability and liver function, which have huge potential for liver tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

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Li, Hongliang, Ke Lu, Jian Xue, Feng Dai, and Yongdong Zhang. "Dual Optical Path Based Adaptive Compressive Sensing Imaging System." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 6200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186200.

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Compressive Sensing (CS) has proved to be an effective theory in the field of image acquisition. However, in order to distinguish the difference between the measurement matrices, the CS imaging system needs to have a higher signal sampling accuracy. At the same time, affected by the noise of the light path and the circuit, the measurements finally obtained are noisy, which directly affects the imaging quality. We propose a dual-optical imaging system that uses the bidirectional reflection characteristics of digital micromirror devices (DMD) to simultaneously acquire CS measurements and images under the same viewing angle. Since deep neural networks have powerful modeling capabilities, we trained the filter network and the reconstruction network separately. The filter network is used to filter the noise in the measurements, and the reconstruction network is used to reconstruct the CS image. Experiments have proved that the method we proposed can filter the noise in the sampling process of the CS system, and can significantly improve the quality of image reconstruction under a variety of algorithms.

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Journal articles on the topic 'DMD (Digital micromirror Device)'

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