Academic literature on the topic 'DMFS index'

Introduction: Several limitations of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) (DMF surfaces [DMFS]) have been addressed with the introduction of new composite indicators such as filled and sound teeth (FS-T) and T-health. These indices not only reflect the determinants of oral health but also reveal the utilization of health services and help in planning health programs. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the dentition status and extract DMFT, DMFS, FS-T, and T-health scores and to determine which of the four would represent the dentition status of a population. Basic Research Design: A cross-sectional study was planned to collect data through probability proportionate sampling. Participants: Two hundred and forty-one individuals aged between 35–44 years old residing in Bangalore city. Sociodemographic data were collected and oral examination of subjects was done to obtain the scores for DMFT, DMFS, FS-T, and T-health indices. Data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS version 19. Results: DMFS index showed maximum variance of 8.5% followed by T-health index which was 7.7%. FS-T showed the variance of 7.2%. Among the individual components, missing teeth component and sound functional teeth showed the maximum variance of 7.6% and 7.1%, respectively. Conclusion: DMFS as an indicator of dentition status is more sensitive than the other three compared indices in identifying sociodemographic factors, utilization of health services by a population, and perceptions about oral health as determinants of oral health.

This study evaluated the dose-response relationship between four increasing levels of fluoride from 1000 to 2500 ppm F as sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) and three-year dental caries increments, as measured by DMFS, DMFT, and DFS-A on 4424 schoolchildren. The results indicated consistent linear decreases in all three dental indices as the dose level increased to 2500 ppm F MFP, with slopes (average reductions) of 0.32 in DMFS for an increase of 1000 ppm F, 0.13 in DMFT, and 0.17 in DFS-A when all children were evaluated, p < 0.03 for each index. For children 11 years and older at baseline, the slopes quadrupled, p < 0.01 for each index. Age and baseline DMFS were shown to be the most important covariates to control for in the statistical models. No differences in adverse reactions, or other safety problems, were observed at the different dose levels.

Background/Aim. Oral health is an integral part of general health and an important factor in the overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries among the children from the SOS Children?s Village in Croatia. Methods. The dental examinations based on the World Health Organization criteria were performed on 88 children from SOS Children?s Village in Croatia. The teeth were clinically examined with standard dental instruments using the visual-tactile method under standard light. The clinical indexes of decayed, missed, and filled (dmft and DMFT, for primary and permantnt teeth, respectively) and decayed, missed, and filled surfaces (DMFS), as well as the significant caries index (SiC) were recorded. Results. Among the children from the SOS Children?s Village caries incidence were 57.94%. The mean dmft, DMFT and DMFS of all children was 1.82, 1.90 and 2.82, respectively. The highest mean dmft and DMFT score of 4.24 and 2.56 was found among 7?10 and 11?14 years old children, respectively. The highest mean DMFS score of 3.85 and 3.90 was found among 11?14 years old children and among the children from the SOS Children?s Village Lekenik, respectively. Among all children, the SiC index was 4.69. There was a significant difference between age groups and children?s place of residence in DMFT, DMFS and SiC. Conclusion. Prevalence of dental caries is low among the children from the SOS Children?s Village in Croatia compared to the children who lived with biological families.

Objective To determine the levels of dental caries in subjects with cleft lip and/or palate in China in comparison with controls. Design A total of 380 subjects with cleft lip and/or palate and 339 noncleft control subjects were examined for dental caries using the decayed-missing-filled-teeth (DMFT/dmft) and decayed-missing-filled-surfaces (DMFS/dmfs) index. A questionnaire was used to acquire subjects' living habits and family socioeconomic status. Setting West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University. Subjects Individuals between 3 and 25 years of age. Results Caries prevalence and scores for dmft/DMFT and dmfs/DMFS were significantly higher in subjects with cleft palates when compared with the noncleft control group ( p < .05), except 3- to 5-year-old children ( p > .05). However, in the 3- to 5-year-old group, children with cleft lip and/or palate had significantly more caries than children of the same age with only a cleft lip with or without alveolus ( p < .05). Children whose clefts had been surgically repaired had a lower dmft and dmfs than those whose clefts had not been surgically repaired ( p < .05). Conclusion Individuals with oral cleft are at an increased risk for dental caries. The types of cleft and the surgical repair are two important factors for dental caries.

Objectives This study investigated the accuracy and duration of intraoral digital photograph examination (IDPE) for evaluating oral health status and explored the feasibility of remote oral health assessment. Methods Thirty-one healthy college students underwent evaluations of oral health status via clinical examination (CE) combined with panoramic X-ray assessment at baseline, followed by IDPE 1 month later using photos taken at baseline. Methods for evaluation of gingival health included the Modified Gingival Index (MGI) and Plaque Index (PI). Examinations of caries status included the decayed, missing, and filled teeth and surfaces indexes (DMFT and DMFS indexes, respectively). The duration of each evaluation was also recorded. Results There were significant differences in MGI and PI between CE and IDPE. There were no significant differences in DMFT and DMFS indexes between CE and IDPE, and there were positive correlations between CE and IDPE for each of the two indexes (DMFT index: r=0.56; DMFS index: r=0.69). The IDPE duration was shorter than the CE duration. Conclusions The feasibility of caries status assessment via IDPE is promising. Digital oral health evaluation merits further clinical consideration. Trial registration Xiamen University Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates, project number: 2018X0583. Registered 1 April 2018; http://cxw.xmu.edu.cn/admin/Innovation/NewInnovationDetail?id=6ce0a415-6131-496b-891a-6a1ae44e556d

The prevalence of dental caries in France is not known on a nationwide basis, despite the fact that a number of epidemiological studies have been conducted in various parts of the country. The aim of the present study was to provide a national baseline examination of the dental health of children in 1987 since, beginning in November, 1986, the sale of fluoridated salt began in France. A multi-stage probability sample of 19,366 children was selected as representative of the 6-to-15-year-old population. The sample covered all the 95 departments of France. Teams of well-calibrated examiners were constituted in each of the sixteen Faculties of Dental Surgery of France. The prevalence of caries for each age group was determined by means of DMFT, DMFS, dft, and dfs indices. Periodontal conditions were assessed by means of the Plaque Index (Silness and Löe, 1964), the Calculus Index (Marthaler, 1966), and the Gingival Index (Löe and Silness, 1963). Calculation of the mean DMFT index showed, respectively, 0.5 and 1.0 new carious teeth per year under and over the age of 11. The mean values of the DMFT index at ages 6, 12, and 15 were, respectively, 0.5, 4.2, and 6.9. Under the age of 11, the mean DMFS index increased by one between each successive age group and by nearly two over the age of 11. The mean values of the DMFS index at ages 6, 12, and 15 were, respectively, 0.8, 7.6, and 13.0. The percentage of caries-free children decreased from 32.2% at age 6 to 7.9% at age 15.

The aim of this study was to determine the values of DMFT/DMFS and dft/dfs in the examined groups of children and the assessment of the mothers of the examined groups of children related to the oral health of their children. The research included children from the SOS Children’s Village in Croatia as well as children from biological families from rural and urban areas. The children were examined by the visual–tactile method according to the standardized World Health Organization criteria. dft/DMFT and dfs/DMFS indices were calculated. An analysis of completed questionnaires was made. The children from the SOS Children’s Village demonstrated the lowest mean values of the dft/dfs (2.42/3.31) and DMFT/DMFS (1.61/2.23) indices compared to children from rural and urban areas. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant difference (p = 0.01) in SiC index values between the examined children. In the groups of children from the SOS Children’s Village and from the rural area compared to the children from the urban area, oral hygiene was singled out as the most important factor in the analysis of the main components. An equally significant factor for all the respondents is the assessment of oral health and eating habits. The least significant factor for the group of children from the SOS Children’s Village is socio-economic status, which is the most significant for the children from the urban area. The children from the SOS Children’s village have the lowest dft/DMFT, dfs/DMFS, and SiC indices. The most important factor influencing oral health in the group of children from the SOS Children’s Village that stands out is oral hygiene, and the least important is the socio-economic status. The assessment of oral health by the SOS mothers does not differ from the assessment of biological mothers of children from rural and urban areas.

Background. The anatomy and low mineral content of primary teeth, especially soon after their eruption, predispose to acute progression of caries. Untreated early childhood caries (ECC) can rapidly lead to destruction of the crown and to pulpal involvement. It is, therefore, important to depict its clinical consequences in relation to caries intensity and age. Aim of the study. To assess the correlation of clinical consequences of ECC with its intensity and age in urban population of children with high risk of caries in Poland. Material and methods. In a group of high caries risk children from Warsaw aged below 6 years the following were evaluated: dental health (decayed, filled, missing teeth due to caries (dmft/dmfs), carious pulp exposure) and mucosal health (ulcerations caused by decayed teeth, fistulae, abscesses (pufa). Four age groups were distinguished: less than 3 years, 3-4 years, 4-5 years and 5-6 years. Statistical analysis: Kruskal-Wallis test (significance level p=0.05). Results. Among 223 children (mean age 4.30±1.154 years) dmft>0 was found in 80% (mean dmft=6.14±5.49, dmfs=11.60±12.92), restorative index was 0.23±0.33. Pufa >0 was observed in 26% (mean 0.853±1.839) with the highest value in the youngest age group (mean 1.20±2.222). Correlations between dmft, dmfs and pufa were observed. Statistically significant correlations were found between teeth missing due to caries and the clinical consequences of untreated caries. Conclusions. The younger the child affected by caries, the more severe the consequences of untreated caries. It has been observed that the rate of consequences increases with caries intensity.

The present research has made a comparison between three distinct methods to evaluate carious activity in a community basis. The studied method was based in a modified DMFS/dmfs index including non-cavitated lesions. Two factors were analyzed: the possible reproduction of the inclusion of carious activity criteria and the presence of bacterial plaque. Thus, the three study groups presented with plaque, after supervised self-performed plaque removal with dental toothbrush and without plaque after professional prophylaxis, which corresponded to three diagnostic methods. The three exams took place one week apart from each other. For this analysis, a modified DMFS/dmfs index was proposed with alterations in diagnostic criteria due to the inclusion of carious activity parameters. The study was performed in a group of 30 children aged 11 years old. According to the results, the diagnostic method for carious activity in the three situations was reproducible and can be considered a proper approach to perform caries diagnosis in a community basis.

Background: Early failure of cancer treatment generally indicates a poor prognosis. Here, we aim to develop and validate a pre-treatment nomogram to predict early metachronous metastasis (EMM) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: From 2009 to 2015, a total of 9461 patients with NPC (training cohort: n = 7096; validation cohort: n = 2365) were identified from an institutional big-data research platform. EMM was defined as time to metastasis within 2 years after treatment. Early metachronous distant metastasis-free survival (EM-DMFS) was the primary endpoint. A nomogram was established with the significant prognostic factors for EM-DMFS determined by multivariate Cox regression analyses in the training cohort. The Harrell Concordance Index (C-index), area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), and calibration curves were applied to evaluate this model. Results: EMM account for 73.5% of the total metachronous metastasis rate and is associated with poor long-term survival in NPC. The final nomogram, which included six clinical variables, achieved satisfactory discriminative performance and significantly outperformed the traditional tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) classification for predicting EM-DMFS: C-index: 0.721 versus 0.638, p < 0.001; AUC: 0.730 versus 0.644, p < 0.001. The calibration curves showed excellent agreement between the predicted and actual EM-DMFS. The nomogram can stratify patients into three risk groups with distinct EM-DMFS (2-year DMFS: 96.8% versus 90.1% versus 80.3%, p < 0.001). A validation cohort supported the results. The three identified risk groups are correlated with the efficacy of different treatment regimens. Conclusion: Our established nomogram can reliably predict EMM in patients with NPC and might aid in formulating risk-adapted treatment decisions and personalized patient follow-up strategies.

AIM. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between diet and dental caries among adolescent school children, between the age group of 13 to 14 years in the city of Chennai, India OBJECTIVES. To find out the characteristics of diet pattern among school children; to analyze the prevalence of dental caries among school children; to determine the association between of diet and dental caries. METHODS. The survey was conducted in the city of Chennai, India. A total of 200 children participated in the survey between the age groups of 13 to 14 years from private and public schools. In each of these age groups an attempt was made to include equal number of male and female subjects. Questionnaires were filled by the children and dental examination was done by dental surgeon with help of two assistants, which were recommended by WHO oral health assessment. Statically data was analyzed using the statistics packages spss17.0for windows. RESULTS. The diet pattern of Indian school going children aged between 13 to 14 years was not healthy among the boys and girls. Children under the poor socio-economic category consumed more healthy diet followed by the rich and average socio-economic group and consumption of unhealthy diet was more among the rich socio-economic group followed by average and poor socio-economic group. Children in the public school consumed healthy food more frequently than children from the private school (51.2% and 45.3% respectively). Prevalence... [to full text]
TIKSLAS. Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo nustatyti ryšį tarp dietos ir Dantų ėduonies tarp paauglių mokyklinio amžiaus vaikų, 13-14 metų amžiaus grupės miesto Chennai, Indija TIKSLAI. Sužinoti charakteringus mitybos ypatumus tarp mokyklinio amžiaus vaikų; analizuoti dantų ėduonies paplitimą tarp mokyklinio amžiaus vaikų; nustatyti ryšį tarp maitinimosi įpročių ir dantų ėduonies. METODAI. Tyrimas buvo atliktas Chennai mieste, Indija. Iš viso apklausoje dalyvavo 200 vaikų, nuo 13-14 metų amžiaus grupių iš privačių ir viešųjų mokyklų. Kiekvienoje iš šių amžiaus grupių buvo bandoma sudaryti vienodas skaičius vyrų ir moterų dalyvių. Anketos buvo užpildytos pačių vaikų ir odontologų. Apžiūrą atliko odontologas su dviem asistentais, kurie rėmėsi PSO burnos sveikatos vertinimo rekomendacijomis. Statiškai duomenys buvo analizuojami naudojant statistikos paketą spss17.0for windows. REZULTATAI. Dietos struktūra Indijos mokyklose, lankančių vaikų tarp 13 iki 14 metų, nebuvo sveika tarp berniukų ir mergaičių. Vaikai priklausantys prastai socialinei ekonominei kategorijai vartojo sveikesnę mitybą nei turtingose ir vidutinėse socialinėse ekonominėse grupėse. Vaikai nemokamoje valstybinėje mokykloje vartodavo sveiką maistą dažniau negu vaikai privačiose mokyklos (51.2 % ir 45.3 % atitinkamai). Dantų ėduonis paplitimas buvo daugiau tarp berniukų lyginant su mergaitėmis (54.0 % ir 46.0 %). Vaikai, priklausantys žemai socialinei ekonominei padėčiai, turėjo aukštesnį ėduonies paplitimą negu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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In order to contribute to the epidemiological surveillance process and indeed to diagnose the real condition of oral health of public school children in the city of Maringá, Parana State, Brazil, it was conducted this research. The prevalence of dental caries was evaluate using systematic random sample which was constituted by 610 subjects, both genders, living in the urban cluster.The methodology was based on the SB Brazil Project – Conditions of Buccal Health of the Brazilian Population. It was used diagnosis criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO), which included permanent and deciduous teeth. The Kappa Test indicated concordance in two levels (good and very good) inter and intra examiners. The mean dmf-t and DMF-T indexes were 1,8 and 1,5, respectively. The decay mean present in decayed deciduous teeth higher (1,0) than in filled tooth (0,7), while referring to permanent teeth, the filled teeth presented higher (1,1) than the decayed teeth (0,4). The lost component “M” was not significant in both ages and revealed a positive tendency of the odontological services in maintaining permanent and deciduous teeth. At 6 years, 47,7% of children (30,8% dmf-t index of 1 to 3, 17,3% of 4 to 7 and 4,3% higher numbers) and at 12 years, 50% of children (33,2% with DMF-T index of 1 to 3, 21,6% of 4 to 7 and 2,1 higher numbers) were caries free. When the polarization phenomenon was confirmed, 21,6% and 23,7% of school children concentrated major rates of disease. At 12 years, the children presented a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among genders, where boys presented superior DMF-T index. The comparison of the dental decay distribution between municipal and state schools did not identified statistically significant differences in the dmf-t index, but on the contrary, this differences were observed to DMF-T index .The comparison of the results in this study with epidemiological researches made in the same city in previous years (1991 and 1994), showed an effective reduction in the decay prevalence to 12 years children, although at 6 years old this same prevalence was not observed. It was concluded the oral health of school children of this evaluated sample is in accordance to the objectives proposed by the World Health Organization to the year of 2000, presenting low prevalence of decay and the continuity of the educational and prevention programs is essential to reach the projected goals to the year of 2010.
Visando contribuir com o processo de vigilância epidemiológica e conhecer as reais condições de saúde bucal de escolares de ensino público do município de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil, conduziu-se esta pesquisa. A prevalência de cárie foi avaliada em uma amostra sistemática constituída de 610 crianças de 6 e 12 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, residentes na zona urbana. A metodologia empregada baseou-se no Projeto SB Brasil – Condições de Saúde Bucal da População Brasileira, incluindo-se a avaliação clínica de dentes decíduos e permanentes de acordo com os critérios de diagnóstico preconizados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). O teste Kappa indicou boa e ótima concordância inter e intra examinadores. O ceo-d e o CPO-D médio foram iguais a, respectivamente, 1,8 e 1,5. Nos dentes decíduos, observou-se que a média de dentes decíduos cariados (1,0) predominou sobre a de obturados (0,7), ao passo que nos dentes permanentes, a média do componente obturado (1,1) predominou sobre a do cariado (0,4). A participação pouco expressiva do componente perdido “P”, nas duas idades revelou uma tendência positiva dos serviços odontológicos quanto à preservação de ambas dentições. Encontravam-se livres de cárie, aos 6 anos de idade, 47,7% das crianças (30,8% com ceo-d de 1 a 3, 17,3% de 4 a 7 e 4,3% com valores maiores) e aos 12 anos, 50,0% (33,2% com CPO-D de 1 a 3, 21,6% de 4 a 7 e 2,1% com valores maiores). Confirmando o fenômeno da polarização, 21,6% e 23,7% dos escolares concentraram as maiores taxas da doença. Aos 12 anos, houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) na ocorrência de cárie entre os sexos, sendo esta superior para os meninos. Comparando-se a distribuição da cárie dentária entre escolas municipais e estaduais não foram identificadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes ao se analisar o índice ceo-d, porém estas foram observadas focando-se o índice CPO-D. A comparação dos resultados deste estudo com os obtidos em levantamentos epidemiológicos realizados no mesmo município, em anos anteriores (1991 e 1994), mostrou uma efetiva redução na prevalência de cárie para a idade de 12 anos, contudo, aos 6 anos esta mesma tendência não pôde ser observada. Conclui-se que a saúde bucal dos escolares pertencentes à amostra analisada está de acordo com as metas preconizadas pela OMS para o ano 2000, havendo o registro de baixa prevalência da doença cárie e que a continuidade de programas educativos e preventivos são fundamentais para se alcançar os novos objetivos propostos para o ano 2010.

Orientador: Marcelo de Castro Meneghim
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O presente trabalho, composto por dois estudos teve como objetivos: a) descrever as prevalências de cárie e fluorose dentária em escolares de 12 anos de idade de Piracicaba/SP e Iracemápolis/SP, Brasil, 2007 e comparar estes dados com outros levantamentos epidemiológicos realizados anteriormente, em Piracicaba para a cárie dentária (1971-2005) e para a fluorose dentária (1991-2001) e em Iracemápolis para a cárie e fluorose dentária (1991-2004); b) avaliar a experiência de cárie e a prevalência de fluorose dentária em escolares de 12 anos de idade de Piracicaba/SP, Brasil, 2007 e verificar a relação entre essas alterações e os fatores socioeconômicos e variáveis comportamentais relacionadas com a saúde bucal. A amostra constituiu de 724 escolares provenientes de escolas públicas e privadas de Piracicaba/SP e 197 escolares provenientes de escolas públicas de Iracemápolis/SP. Os exames foram realizados por um examinador previamente calibrado, no pátio das escolas, sob luz natural, com auxílio de espelho bucal plano, sonda IPC e escovação prévia, seguindo as recomendações da OMS. A cárie dentária foi avaliada utilizando os índices CPOD e SiC (Significant Caries Index), e a fluorose pelo índice T-F. As variáveis socioeconômicas (renda familiar, número de residentes na mesma casa, escolaridade do pai e da mãe e habitação) e as informações comportamentais foram obtidas por meio de um questionário semi estruturado enviado aos pais. A associação entre as variáveis dependentes (CPOD e fluorose) e as variáveis independentes (variáveis socioeconômicas e comportamentais) foi determinada por meio de análise de regressão logística múltilpa. O CPOD médio foi de 0,85 (dp=1,54) e 1,02 (dp=1,61) e o índice SiC de 2,52 (dp=1,72) e 2,83 (dp=1,60) em Piracicaba e Iracemápolis, respectivamente. A prevalência de fluorose foi de 29,4% e 25,4% em Piracicaba e Iracemápolis, respectivamente. Comparando o presente estudo com outros levantamentos realizados anteriormente, foi observada uma significativa redução da experiência de cárie em ambas as cidades, (90,12%) em Piracicaba e 85,07% em Iracemápolis (p<0,01). Com relação à prevalência da fluorose dentária, verificou-se um aumento de 44,1% em Piracicaba, observando uma menor prevalência entre alguns anos. Já em Iracemápolis, o aumento foi de 1170%. Com base no modelo de regressão logística múltipla, as crianças pertencentes a uma família com renda mensal inferior ou igual a quatro salários mínimos apresentaram 2,58 vezes mais chances de terem cárie (CPOD>0) do que aquelas pertencentes a uma família com renda mensal superior a quatro salários mínimos. Além disso, aquelas crianças que consultaram ao dentista apresentaram 4,27 vezes mais chances de serem diagnosticadas ou tratadas em relação à cárie do que aquelas que nunca foram ao dentista. Porém, em relação à fluorose, o modelo de regressão logística não foi significativo. Em conclusão, os resultados desta tese demonstraram uma contínua redução da experiência de cárie em ambas as cidades no decorrer dos anos. Em relação à fluorose dentária, verificou-se uma tendência de estabilização em Piracicaba, porém em Iracemápolis, observou-se um aumento constante. Adicionalmente, observou-se uma associação entre a presença de cárie e renda familiar mensal, como também entre cárie e consultas ao dentista. Entretanto, em relação à fluorose dentária, nenhuma das variáveis testadas foi associada com esta alteração
Abstract: The present study was composed by two papers which aims were: a) to describe the prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis in 12-years-old schoolchildren from Piracicaba/SP and Iracemápolis/SP, Brazil, 2007 and to compare current prevalence rates with those from previous epidemiological surveys developed in Piracicaba, for dental caries (1971-2005), and for dental fluorosis (1991-2001) and in Iracemápolis for dental caries and dental fluorosis (1991-2004); b) to evaluate the caries experience and dental fluorosis prevalence in 12-years-old schoolchildren from Piracicaba/SP, Brazil, 2007 and to verify the relationship between these trends, socioeconomic factors, and behavioral variables related to oral health. The sample consisted of 724 schoolchildren from public and private schools from Piracicaba/SP and 197 schoolchildren from public schools from Iracemápolis/SP. Examinations were executed by a previously calibrated examiner, in outdoor settings, under natural light, using dental mirror, CPI probe, and previous tooth brushing, followed the WHO recommendations. Dental caries was measured by DMFT and SiC (Significant Caries Index) indexes and dental fluorosis by T-F index. Socioeconomic variables (monthly income, number of residents in home, mother's and father's education and home ownership) and behavioral information were collected by means of a parental semi structured questionnaire. Then multiple logistic regression analyses using the stepwise procedure were performed in order to verify the relationship among the dependent variables (DMFT and fluorosis) and the independent variables (socioeconomic and behavioral variables). The mean of DMFT was 0.85 (SD=1.54) and 1.02 (SD=1.61) and the SiC Index was 2.52 (SD=1.72) and 2.83 (SD=1.60) in Piracicaba and Iracemápolis, respectively. The fluorosis prevalence was 29.4% and 25.4% in Piracicaba and Iracemápolis, respectively. Comparing the present study to another previous epidemiological surveys, in both towns, a significant caries reduction of 90.12% (Piracicaba) and of 85.07% (Iracemápolis) (p<0.01), have been observed. Concerning dental fluorosis prevalence, an increase of 44.1% was noted in Piracicaba, where a small prevalence was observed throughout the years. Although, the increase was 1170% in Iracemápolis. By means of multiple logistic regression model, children, whose family earned up to four minimum wages, were 2.58 more prone to have caries (DMFT>0) than those whose family earned over four minimum wages. Besides, those children who visited the dentist were 4.27 more prone of being diagnosed with dental caries and receive treatment in comparison to those who never had visited the dentist. However, for fluorosis prevalence the multiple logistic regression model was not significant. In conclusion, the results of this thesis demonstrated continuous decrease in dental caries experience in both Brazilian towns. Concerning dental fluorosis, stabilization trends were observed in Piracicaba. In Iracemápolis, however, a constant increase was noted. Moreover, significant associations between the presence of dental caries and monthly family income, as well as between dental caries and visiting to the dentist, were observed. However, in relation to dental fluorosis, no tested variable was associated with the disturb
Doutorado
Saude Coletiva
Doutor em Odontologia

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att framställa och identifiera om det finns en mer avgörande faktor för DMFT-index bland de undersökta biologiska och socioekonomiska faktorerna. Material och metod: En kvalitativ dokumentanalys har utförts med narrativ beskrivning av de undersökta faktorernas betydelse för 12-åriga barns DMFT-index i ett urval av länder över tid. Country Area Profile Project har använts för insamling av DMFT-index samt sockerkonsumtion. De biologiska faktorer som studeras är sockerkonsumtion och vattenfluoridering. De socioekonomiska faktorerna är samhällsomvälvningar, betydelsen av moderns utbildning, tandvårdssystem samt ekonomi. Resultat: Trots ökad sockerkonsumtion i sex av de åtta studerade länder har DMFT-index sänkts över tid. De länder som har fluoriderat sitt dricksvatten uppvisade inte en större sänkning i DMFT-index än de länder som inte använder sig utav vattenfluoridering. Samhällsomvälvningar har påverkat DMFT-index med både sänkningar och höjningar. Mödrar med lägre utbildningsnivå, färre tandvårdsbesök och sämre egenvård ökade risken för ett högre DMFT hos deras barn. Sex av de åtta undersökta länderna har gratis tandvård för barn, men ett minskande DMFT-index kunde studeras i samtliga undersökta länder. Ett högt BNP per capita eller låg ginikoeffiecient innebär inte nödvändigtvis ett lägre DMFT-index. Slutsats: Minskningen av DMFT-index är ett resultat av samtliga undersökta faktorer, biologiska och socioekonomiska. Därför är ingen av de undersökta faktorerna av större betydelse för DMFT och bör respekteras till samma grad i det fortsatta kariespreventiva arbetet. Nyckelord: 12-åringar, biologiska faktorer, CAPP, DMFT-index, socioekonomiska faktorer.
Aim: The purpose of this study is to present and identify a more decisive factor for the DMFT-index among the examined biological and socio-economic factors. Methods: A qualitative document analysis has been carried out with a narrative review of the importance of biological and socio-economic factors for 12-year-old children’s DMFT-index in a selection of countries over time. The Country Area Profile Project has been used for the collection of DMFT-index and sugar consumption. The studied biological factors are sugar consumption and water fluoridation. The socio-economic factors are social unrest, the importance of the mother’s education, dental care and economics. Results: Despite increased sugar consumption in six of the eight countries studied, the DMFT-index has been reduced over time. The countries that have fluoridated their drinking water did not show a larger reduction in the DMFT-index compared to those countries that do not use waterfluoridation. Social unrest has affected the DMFT-index in both directions. Mothers with lower levels of education, rarer dental visits and poorer self-care increased the risk of a higher DMFT in their children. Six of the eight countries studied offer free dental care for children, but a diminishing DMFT-index could still be observed in the other countries. A high GDP per capita or low ginicoefficient does not necessairily result in a lower DMFT-index. Conclusion: The decrease in DMFT-index is a result of all factors studied, biological and socio-economical. Therefore, none of the factors are of greater importance for DMFT and should be respected equally in future caries-preventive work. Key words: 12-year-olds, biological factors, CAPP, DMFT-index, socio-economic factors.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Pereira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O presente estudo, composto por 3 artigos teve como objetivos: a) analisar as desigualdades na distribuição da cárie e os indicadores de risco associados a este fato; b) descrever a experiência de cárie em escolares de 12 anos e sua relação com variáveis socioeconômicas, comportamentais e de acesso aos serviços; c) verificar a representatividade de cada dente permanente no índice CPOD. A amostra probabilística foi composta por 824 escolares provenientes de escolas públicas e privadas de Piracicaba em 2001 e 939 escolares em 2005. Os exames foram realizados por dois examinadores previamente calibrados, no pátio das escolas, sob luz natural, com os escolares sentados nas cadeiras e com escovação supervisionada realizada por THD, utilizando-se sonda periodontal (CPI) e espelho bucal plano, seguindo as recomendações da OMS. Os índices CPOD, Índice de Cuidados (Care Index) e o índice SiC (Significant Caries Index ¿grupo polarizado) foram utilizados. Um questionário semi-estruturado foi enviado aos pais para a obtenção das informações socioeconômicas e comportamentais. a) O CPOD foi de 1,7 (dp = 2,07), o índice SiC foi de 4,15 (dp=1,65) e o índice de cuidados 57,0%, em 2001. b) Para o levantamento de 2005 o CPOD e o Índice SiC foram 1,32 (dp=1,96) e 3,52 (1,86), respectivamente, e o Índice de Cuidados foi de 75,0%. Variáveis socioeconômicas e comportamentais foram indicadores de risco para a cárie não apenas para toda a amostra como também para o grupo polarizado. c) A distribuição do índice CPOD (freqüências relativa e absoluta) foi calculada em função de cada dente permanente. A média e o desvio padrão foram calculados considerando todos os dentes (CPOD¿real) e os dentes mais afetados (CPOD¿parcial). Por meio de análise de regressão, os dados do levantamento de 2005 foram utilizados para estimar modelos de regressão, em função dos dentes mais afetados. Para a validação dos modelos foi utilizado o levantamento realizado em 2001. Por meio apenas do status dos primeiros molares foi possível estimar em 82% e 81,5% o CPOD-real em 2001 e 2005, respectivamente. Por meio das equações de regressão (utilizando os dentes mais afetados) foi possível estimar o CPOD em 98,2%. As superfícies oclusais foram as mais atacadas (60,4%), seguidas pelas superfícies vestibulares e depois pelas distais. Estes dados refletem que o status dos primeiros molares é determinante para a estimativa do índice CPOD, demonstrando a suscetibilidade destes dentes à cárie na idade de 12 anos
Abstract: The present study was composed by 3 articles which aims were: a) to evaluate the inequalities of caries distribution in schoolchildren and the risk indicators related to them; b) to describe the caries experience of 12-year-old schoolchildren from public and private schools and to verify the relationship between the disease and socioeconomic, behavioral and oral health variables; c) to determine the representativeness of each permanent teeth in the DMFT. The sample was randomized and composed by 1763 individuals from public and private schools in Piracicaba - SP/Brazil, in 2005 (n=939) and in 2001 (n=824). The examinations were carried out by two calibrated dentists in outdoor settings, under natural light, using mirror and ball point probe. The examinations were executed after tooth-brushing and followed the recommendations of WHO. A semi-structured questionnaire was sent to the parents to collect information on socioeconomic level and behavior variables related to dental health. a) In 2001, the DMFT and SiC (Significant Caries Index ¿ polarized group) were 1.7 (SD=2.07) and 4.15 (SD=1.65), and the Care Index was 57.0%. b) The DMFT and the SiC Index were 1.32 (SD=1.92) and 3.50 (SD=1.86), respectively, and the Care Index was 75.0% in 2005. The socioeconomic and the behavioral variables related to dental health were considered risk indicators for caries in permanent dentition not only for the entire sample, but also for the polarization group. c) The DMFT distribution (absolute and relative frequencies) was calculated in function of each permanent tooth. The mean and standard deviation were determined for all teeth (DMFT¿real) as well as for the most affected teeth (DMFT¿partial). Regression models were estimated in function of the most affected teeth using the data collected in 2005 and they were validated using the data collected in 2001. By the status of the first molars, the DMFT ¿ partial could be estimated in 82% and 81.5% in 2001 and 2005, respectively. The regression equations estimated 98.2% of the DMFT-real. The occlusal surfaces were the most attacked (60.4%) followed by the buccal and distal surfaces. In conclusion, the status of first molars was determinant to the estimation of DMFT index, demonstrating their susceptibility to caries in 12 year-old individuals
Mestrado
Cariologia
Mestre em Odontologia

O objetivo desta tese foi estudar a população adulta e idosa do sul do Brasil em relação: (1) à prevalência, extensão e distribuição intra-bucal de cárie coronária e cárie radicular; (2) à associação do nível educacional com a experiência de cárie coronária e cárie radicular; (3) às estimativas de prevalência e indicadores de risco para cárie coronária e cárie radicular; e (4) à associação do sobrepeso e obesidade com a experiência de cárie coronária e cárie radicular. Um estudo transversal de base-populacional foi conduzido entre junho de 2011 e junho de 2012. Uma estratégia de amostragem em múltiplos estágios foi usada para selecionar uma amostra representativa de 1.023 indivíduos com idade ≥35 anos. Questionários registraram dados sobre características sociodemográficas, hábitos de higiene oral, acesso a serviços odontológicos e tabagismo. Exames clínicos avaliaram sangramento gengival, recessão gengival, cárie coronária e cárie radicular. Medidas antropométricas foram coletadas para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal. Regressão binomial negativa foi utilizada para avaliar a associação do nível educacional, sobrepeso e obesidade com a experiência de cárie coronária e cárie radicular. Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis explanatórias e a atividade de cárie coronária e cárie radicular. A prevalência de cárie coronária e cárie radicular foi de 99,73% (95% IC 99,31-100,00) e 41,14% (95% IC 37,57-44,72), respectivamente. A prevalência de atividade de cárie coronária e cárie radicular foi de 34,26% (95% IC 27,13-41,38) e 14,73% (95% IC 11,16-18,30), respectivamente. A média do CPOD coronário e COD radicular foi de 18,73 (95% IC 18,29-19,17) e 1,15 (95% IC 0,95-1,34), respectivamente. A média do CPOS coronário e COS radicular foi de 66,56 (95% IC 63,30-69,83) e 1,49 (95% IC 1,25-1,73), respectivamente. A média do CPOD coronário foi significativamente maior nos grupos mais velhos comparados aos indivíduos com idade entre 35-44 anos. A média do CS coronário diminuiu significativamente entre indivíduos com idade entre 35-44 anos e aqueles com idade entre 45-59 e ≥60 anos. A média do PS coronário aumentou significativamente com o aumento da idade. As estimativas para cárie radicular foram significativamente maiores em indivíduos com idade entre 45-59 e ≥60 anos comparados àqueles com idade entre 35-44 anos. Molares e pré-molares foram os dentes mais afetados por cárie coronária e cárie radicular, respectivamente. A probabilidade de cárie coronária diminuiu significativamente com um alto nível educacional. A probabilidade de cárie radicular aumentou significativamente com um alto nível educacional. Sobrepeso e obesidade não foram significativamente associados com a experiência de cárie coronária e cárie radicular. A probabilidade de atividade de cárie coronária aumentou significativamente com idade ≥60 anos, uma maior frequência de escovação dentária, uma maior limpeza dentária interproximal, visita regular ao dentista e um maior número de dentes retidos, e aumentou significativamente com ≥60% de sítios sangrantes. A probabilidade de atividade de cárie radicular diminuiu significativamente com um maior número de dentes retidos, e aumentou significativamente com um intermediário-alto nível educacional e um maior número de dentes com recessão. A atividade de cárie coronária aumentou significativamente a probabilidade de atividade de cárie radicular em 394%. Assim, foi possível concluir que: (1) a cárie coronária e cárie radicular foram altamente prevalentes nesta população brasileira, e molares e pré-molares foram os dentes mais acometidos por cárie coronária e cárie radicular, respectivamente; (2) o nível educacional foi um indicador de risco para ambas cárie coronária e cárie radicular, mas indivíduos com um alto nível educacional devem ser somente considerados em alto risco para cárie radicular; (3) a atividade de cárie foi altamente prevalente em adultos e idosos, e aqueles com atividade de cárie coronária devem ser considerados em alto risco para atividade de cárie radicular; (4) os indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesos não devem ser considerados em alto risco para ambas cárie coronária e cárie radicular.
The aim of this thesis was to study adults and the elderly from South Brazil in regards to: (1) the prevalence, extent, and intra-oral distribution of coronal and root caries; (2) the relationship of educational status with coronal and root caries experience; (3) the prevalence estimates and risk indicators for coronal and root caries activity; and (4) the relationship of overweight and obesity with coronal and root caries experience. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted between June 2011 and June 2012. A multistage sampling strategy was used to draw a representative sample of 1,023 individuals aged ≥35 years. Questionnaires recorded data on socio-demographic characteristics, oral hygiene habits, dental care, and smoking. Oral examination assessed gingival bleeding, gingival recession, and coronal and root caries. Anthropometric measures were collected to calculate the body mass index. Survey negative binomial models were used to assess the relationship of educational status, overweight and obesity with coronal and root caries experience. Survey Poisson regression models were used to assess the relationship of explanatory variables with coronal and root caries activity. The coronal and root caries prevalence was 99.73% (95% CI 99.31-100.00) and 41.14% (95% CI 37.57-44.72), respectively. The prevalence of coronal and root caries activity was 34.26% (95% CI 27.13-41.38) and 14.73% (95% CI 11.16-18.30), respectively. The mean coronal DMFT and root DFT scores was 18.73 (95% CI 18.29-19.17) and 1.15 (95% CI 0.95-1.34), respectively. The mean coronal DMFS and root DFS scores was 66.56 (95% CI 63.30-69.83) and 1.49 (95% CI 1.25-1.73), respectively. The mean coronal DMFS score was significantly higher in the older age groups compared to individuals aged 35-44 years. The mean coronal DS score significantly decreased between individuals aged 35-44 years and those aged 45-59 and ≥60 years. The mean coronal DS score significantly decreased between individuals aged 35-44 years and those aged 45-59 and ≥60 years. The mean coronal MS score significantly increased with age. The root caries estimates were significantly higher in individuals aged 45-59 and ≥60 years compared to those aged 35-44 years. Molars and premolars were the teeth most affected by coronal and root caries, respectively. The likelihood of coronal caries significantly decreased with a high educational status. The probability of root caries significantly increased with a high educational status. Overweight and obesity were not significantly associated with coronal and root caries experience. The likelihood of coronal caries activity significantly decreased with age ≥60 years, a higher tooth brushing frequency, a higher proximal tooth cleaning frequency, regular dental care, and a larger number of retained teeth, and significantly increased with ≥60% of bleeding sites. The likelihood of root caries activity significantly decreased with a larger number of retained teeth, and significantly increased with an intermediate-high educational status and a larger number of teeth with recession. Coronal caries activity significantly increased the probability of root caries activity by 394%. Thus, it was possible conclude that: (1) coronal and root caries were highly prevalent in this Brazilian population, and molars and premolars were the teeth most attacked by coronal and root caries, respectively; (2) educational status was a risk indicator for both coronal and root caries, but individuals with a high educational status should only be considered at high risk for root caries; (3) caries activity was highly prevalent in adults and the elderly, and those with coronal caries activity should be considered at high risk for root caries activity; and (4) overweight and obese individuals should not be considered at high risk for both coronal and root caries.

A cocaína, alcalóide extraído das folhas da Erythroxylon coca, planta nativa das regiões andinas, vem sendo consumida a cada dia com maior frequência e em camadas etárias cada vez menores. As vias de auto-administração podem ser intranasal, oral, intravenosa e respiratória. As consequências bucais da sua utilização são observadas na redução da capacidade tampão da saliva, índice CPOD elevado, xerostomia, bruxismo, doença periodontal, halitose e estomatites. As alterações bucais, como lesões de cárie, desgaste dentário, retração gengival, lesões na mucosa, são ocorrências comuns, proveniente da sua ação vasoconstritora e da diminuição do pH da saliva. Objetivos: Este estudo descritivo de corte transversal avaliou a saúde bucal de usuários de cocaína e/ou crack em três áreas da cidade de Salvador, utilizando-se dos índices CPOD (dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados), PIP (perda de inserção periodontal) e CPI (avaliação periodontal comunitário). Método: A amostra constituiu-se de 52 usuários de cocaína e/ou crack, com idade média de 30,96 anos, assistidos pela Aliança de Redução de Danos Fátima Cavalcanti (ARD-FC). Realizou-se a análise descritiva e exploratória da população estudada segundo: características sociodemográficas, características biológicas gerais e de saúde bucal, características comportamentais e assistência odontológica. Resultados: Os usuários apresentaram baixo nível sociodemográfico caracterizado pela baixa escolaridade, alta taxa de desemprego e falta de moradia fixa. A associação concomitante com tabaco, álcool e maconha foi evidente; a principal via de administração para cocaína foi intranasal enquanto que para o crack, a via fumada; revelou-se alto consumo de açúcar, refrigerantes e café. Verificou-se a ocorrência de xerostomia (36,5%) e refluxo gastroesofágico (32,7%). O índice CPOD foi em média de 14,81, com 61,5% de indivíduos examinados com cálculo dental e 46,1% de indivíduos com perda de inserção gengival de 4 a 5mm. Conclusões: Os dados obtidos indicam que não apenas o uso da cocaína e/ou crack, mas a associação com outros indicadores avaliados é determinante para o baixo índice de saúde bucal.
Cocaine, an alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the Erythroxylon coca, a plant originated in the regions of the Andes heights, has been consumed more and more frequently and by younger and younger age groups as well. Its intake occurs in different ways such as, intranasal, oral, intravenous and respiratory. The buccal consequences derived from its use are noticed by means of reducing the saliva buffer capacity, high DMFT index, xerostomia, grinding of teeth, periodontal disease, halitosis and stomatitis. Buccal alterations such as decay lesion, wear of teeth, gingival retraction, mucosal legions are common occurrences resulting not only from cocaine vasoconstrictor action but also from saliva PH decrease. Objectives: This cross-section descriptive study aimed mainly at evaluating the three different areas of Salvador City using the DMFT indices (decayed teeth, either lost or filled), PIP (losing of periodontal insertion) and CPI (communitarian periodontal insertion index). Method: The sample consisted of 52 subjects, all of them cocaine and/or crack users, aged 30,96 years old in average, assisted by the Aliança de Redução de Danos Fatima Cavalcanti (ARD-FC). A descriptive and exploratory analyses of the population were studied according to socio-demographic characteristics, general biological characteristics and those of dental health, dental behavior characteristics and dental assistance as well. Results: The users showed a low socio-demographic level characterized by poor schooling, high unemployment rate and permanent homelessness. The concomitant association with tobacco, alcohol and marijuana was quite evident; the main channel for cocaine intake was the intranasal one whereas the one for crack was that by means of smoking it. A high absortion of sugar, softdrinks and coffee was revealed. An occurrence of xerostomia (36,5%) and another of gastroesophageal reflux (32,7%) were detected. The index of DMFT was 14,81 in average: 61,5% of the subjects who were examined had dental calculi and 46,1% and loss of 4-5mm gingival insertion. Conclusions: The data obtained in this study point out that not only the use of cocaine and/or crack alone but also its association with other evaluated indicators is determinant of the low dental health index.

Orientador: Eduardo Hebling
Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A avaliação das condições de saúde bucal em pacientes adultos e idosos é essencial para o desenvolvimento de políticas de saúde específicas para estes grupos. A literatura indica uma alta prevalência de doenças bucais em adultos e idosos. A autopercepção dessas condições tende a influenciar a procura por cuidados bucais e a qualidade de vida das populações adulta e idosa. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a saúde bucal, acesso a serviço odontológico, nível sócio-econômico e a autopercepção das condições de saúde bucal em pacientes adultos e idosos no município de Piracicaba - SP. Este estudo foi domiciliar, e a composição da amostra foi de 77 indivíduos, sendo 23 idosos (65-74 anos) e 54 adultos (35-44 anos). O exame epidemiológico foi realizado segundo critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde; foi aplicado também um questionário abrangendo perguntas sobre caracterização sócio-econômica, acesso a serviços odontológicos, e autopercepção da saúde bucal. Encontrou-se 52.2% de idosos edêntulos e somente 2.0% dos adultos com esta condição. A média de dentes presentes foi de 6.9 e 20.7, para idosos e adultos, respectivamente. Os idosos apresentaram CPOD de 27.0 e os adultos 19.9. O maior componente do índice CPOD foi dentes perdidos no grupo de idosos (92.3%) e adultos (52%). Quanto a próteses totais, necessidade de somente 5.6% dos adultos necessitavam das superiores e nenhum as inferiores, dos idosos, 17.4% tinham necessidade de próteses superiores e 21,7% de inferiores. Os demais resultados não apresentaram diferença entre os grupos (características sócio-econômicas, acesso a serviço odontológico e autopercepção), apenas com relação à escolaridade, os adultos tiveram melhores condições. A autopercepção foi semelhante entre os grupos, com dados positivos, apesar das condições clínicas serem diferentes. Diante destes resultados, há necessidade de programas preventivos e educativos tanto para idosos como para adultos, para que estes adultos cheguem à terceira idade com uma condição de saúde bucal melhor que a relatada atualmente
Abstract: The valuation of oral health conditions in elderly patients is essential to the development of health especific politics .The literature shows us a high occurrence of oral disease in adults and elderly. The self-perception of these conditions tends to influence the search for oral care and life quality of adults and elderly population. The aims of this study was to verify oral health, access to dental treatment, social and economic level and self- perception of oral health conditions in adults and elderly patients in Piracicaba city, SP, Brazil. This study was at home service, and the sample was 77 individuals, 23 elderly (65-74 years old) and 54 adults (35-44 years old). The epidemiological examination was made according WHO (World Health Organization): a questionnaire was also applied holding questions about social and economic characteristics access to dental treatment and self- perception of the oral health. The DMFT was founded 52.2% of edentulous elderly and 2.0% of adults in this condition, only. The average of present teeth was 6.9% and 20.7% for elderly and adults, respectively. The elderly presented DMFT 27.0 and adults 19.0 .The greatest component of index DMFT was lost teeth in the elderly group (92.3%) and adults (52%). In relation to requirement using total prosthesis, only 5.6% of adults needed upper total prosthesis and none needed lower; the elderly, 17.4 % needed upper total prosthesis and 21.7 % needed lower. The remaining results didn¿t present difference between the groups (social and economics features, access to dental treatment and self-perception). In relation to school level, adults had better conditions. The self-perception was similar between the groups, with positive data, in spite of clinical conditions were different. In front of these results, there is a necessity of preventing and educational programs to elderly and adults, with purpose these adults arrive to the old age with a better oral health condition than oral health at present
Mestrado
Saude Coletiva
Mestre Profissional em Odontologia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de periodontite e a presença de lesões cariosas, restauradas e elementos perdidos por cárie em pacientes com Doença de Crohn (DC) e Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCUI), comparado-os a pacientes saudáveis sistemicamente. Como objetivo secundário, avaliamos a condição clínica da mucosa oral nos três grupos. Foram examinados 99 pacientes com DC (39.0 DP 12.9 anos), 80 com RCUI (43.3 13.2 anos) e 74 no grupo C (40.3 12.9 anos). A condição periodontal foi avaliada através do índice de placa visível, do sangramento gengival à sondagem, da profundidade de bolsa à sondagem (PBS) e do nível de inserção à sondagem (NIS). Indivíduos que apresentavam pelo menos quatro sítios com NIS ≥3 forma considerados como portadores de periodontite. As condições dentárias foram avaliadas pelo índice de dentes com lesões cariosas, restaurados e perdidos por cárie (CPOD). A condição clínica da mucosa oral foi investigada através da presença de lesões no tecido mole. A porcentagem de placa foi significativamente menor no grupo DC (44.0 30.5) que no C (54.1 26.4), p= 0.017. O sangramento gengival a sondagem era significativamente menor nos pacientes com DC (22.5 18.0) comparado ao grupo C (29.2 22.1), p= 0.038. A quantidade total de sítios com PBS ≥ 4mm foi significativamente menor no grupo DC (5.4 6.6), comparado ao grupo C (12.9 17.7), p= 0.02. A porcentagem de pacientes portadores de periodontite foi significativamente maior nos grupos RCUI (92.6%, p= 0.004) e DC (91.9%, p=0.019), comparado ao grupo C (79.7%). O índice de CPOD foi significativamente maior nos grupos RCUI (16.4 6.6; p< 0.0001) e no DC (15.1 7.3; p= 0.016) quando comparados ao C (12.5 6.8). Foram observadas significativamente mais lesões bucais nos grupos DC (17.2%; p= 0.0041) e RCUI (28.7%; p < 0.0001) quando comparadas ao grupo C (6.7%). Assim, conclui-se que os pacientes com Doença de Crohn e Retocolite Ulcerativa apresentam maior prevalência de periodontite, e maior índice de CPOD quando comparados aos indivíduos do grupo controle. A perda de inserção foi significativamente maior no grupo da Retocolite Ulcerativa quando comparado a Doença de Crohn. Além disso, os pacientes com comprometimento intestinal apresentam significativamente mais lesões bucais que os pacientes do grupo controle.
The aim of this study was to appraise the prevalence of periodontitis and the presence of decayed, filled, missed teeth in patients with Crohns Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colite (UC) and compare them with healthy patients (C). As a secondary aim, we evaluated the oral mucosa in the three groups. Ninety nine CD (39.0 DP 12.9 years), eighty UC (43.3 13.2 years) patients and seventy four C subjects (40,3 12,9 years) were used in the study. The periodontal conditions were examined using the plaque visible index, gingival bleeding on probing, the probing depth on probing (PDP) and the attachment level (AL). The patients that showed at least four sites with AL ≥3 were considered having periodontitis. The dental conditions were investigated using the DMFT index (decayed, missing and filled teeth index). The oral mucosa conditions were evaluated by the presence of the oral lesions. The percentage of plaque was significantly lower in CD group (44.0 30.49) than in C group (54.1 26.4), p= 0.017. The gingival bleeding on probing was significantly lower in CD group (22.5 18.0) compared with C group (29.2 22.1), p= 0.038. The number of sites with PDP ≥ 4mm was significantly lower in CD group (5.4 6.6) compared with C group (12.9 17.7), p= 0.02. The percentage of patients with periodontitis was significantly higher in UC (92.6%, p= 0.004) and DC (91.9%, p=0.019) groups, compared with C group (79.7%). The DMFT index was significantly higher in UC (16.4 6.6; p< 0.0001) and CD (15.1 7.3; p= 0.016) groups when compared with C group (12.5 6.8). They observed significantly more oral lesions in UC (28.7%; p < 0.0001) and CD (17.2%; p= 0.0041) when compared to C group (6.7%). Thus, it was concluded that Crohns Disease and Ulcerative Colitis patients show a higher prevalence of periodontitis and higher DMFT index than the controls. There is an increased attachment loss in Ulcerative Colitis group compared to DC group. Furthermore, the patients with Bowel disease show more oral lesions than the control group.

This study aims to determine the innovation performance of Turkey and EU countries in terms of human resources and employment indicators. Firstly, 28 EU countries' and Turkey's innovation efficiency is analyzed with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique. An output-oriented DEA model was used with 4 inputs (government R&D % of GDP, at least upper secondary educational attainment, science and technology graduates, employment in knowledge-intensive service sectors) and 4 outputs (high-tech patent applications to the European Patent Office, high-tech exports as a share of total exports, UNDP Human Development Index and WIPO Innovation Index). DEA helps to determine where to look to improve DMU efficiency, but it is not possible to rank the efficient DMUs through DEA. Consequently, efficient countries and innovation indicators with respect to their impact on performances are ranked with Gray Relation Analysis (GRA). As a result of GRA, Sweden has been the first ranked country among efficient countries. Most important performance indicator has been found to be human development index.

The main purpose of this study was to confirm operability and effectiveness of the complex methods developed for theoretical prediction and experimental-computational determining some properties of modern highly porous materials, used as thermal protection shields in objects of space engineering, power engineering, etc. Them concern Fibrous Materials (FM), Open-Cell Reticulated Foams (OCRF) etc. The basis for the method proposed is in the combination of Direct Mathematical Simulation (DMS) for global structure of the complex irregular systems, which have the property of local regularity and Inverse Heat Transfer Problem (IHTP) methods. This approach makes possible to obtain and to predict such properties as radiation and molecular thermal conductivities, energy accommodation coefficient, complex refractive index, scattering indicatrix, scattering and absorption factors, etc. Such problems are of great practical importance in the study of material properties.