Academic literature on the topic 'DNA aptamers'

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Journal articles on the topic "DNA aptamers"

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Kimoto, Michiko, Yun Wei Shermane Lim, and Ichiro Hirao. "Molecular affinity rulers: systematic evaluation of DNA aptamers for their applicabilities in ELISA." Nucleic Acids Research 47, no. 16 (August 8, 2019): 8362–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz688.

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Abstract Many nucleic acid aptamers that bind to target molecules have been reported as antibody alternatives. However, while the affinities of aptamers vary widely, little is known about the relationship between the affinities and their applicabilities for practical use. Here, we developed molecular affinity rulers: a series of DNA aptamers with different affinities that bind to the same area of target molecules, to measure the aptamer and its device applicabilities. For the ruler preparation, we used high-affinity DNA aptamers containing a hydrophobic unnatural base (Ds) as the fifth base. By replacing Ds bases with A bases in Ds-DNA aptamers targeting VEGF165 and interferon-γ, we prepared two sets of DNA aptamers with dissociation constants (KD) ranging from 10−12 to 10−8 M. Using these molecular affinity rulers, we evaluated the sensitivity of DNA aptamers in ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), which showed the clear relationship between aptamer affinities and their detection sensitivities. In sandwich-type ELISA using combinations of aptamers and antibodies, aptamers with KD values lower than ∼10−9 M were required for sufficient sensitivities (limit of detection (LOD) < 10 pM) and signal intensities, but optimizations improved the lower-affinity aptamers’ applicabilities. These aptamer affinity rulers could be useful for evaluating and improving aptamer applicabilities.
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Ruff, Patrick, Rekha B. Pai, and Francesca Storici. "Real-Time PCR-Coupled CE-SELEX for DNA Aptamer Selection." ISRN Molecular Biology 2012 (August 8, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/939083.

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Aptamers are short nucleic acid or peptide sequences capable of binding to a target molecule with high specificity and affinity. Also known as “artificial antibodies,” aptamers provide many advantages over antibodies. One of the major hurdles to aptamer isolation is the initial time and effort needed for selection. The systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is the traditional procedure for generating aptamers, but this process is lengthy and requires a large quantity of target and starting aptamer library. A relatively new procedure for generating aptamers using capillary electrophoresis (CE), known as CE-SELEX, is faster and more efficient than SELEX but requires laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to detect the aptamer-target complexes. Here, we implemented an alternative system without LIF using real-time- (RT-) PCR to indirectly measure aptamer-target complexes. In three rounds of selection, as opposed to ten or more rounds common in SELEX protocols, a specific aptamer for bovine serum albumin (BSA) was obtained. The specificity of the aptamer to BSA was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), an unlabeled competitor assay, and by a supershift assay. The system used here provides a cost effective and a highly efficient means of generating aptamers.
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Sakai, Yusuke, Md Sirajul Islam, Martyna Adamiak, Simon Chi-Chin Shiu, Julian Alexander Tanner, and Jonathan Gardiner Heddle. "DNA Aptamers for the Functionalisation of DNA Origami Nanostructures." Genes 9, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9120571.

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DNA origami has emerged in recent years as a powerful technique for designing and building 2D and 3D nanostructures. While the breadth of structures that have been produced is impressive, one of the remaining challenges, especially for DNA origami structures that are intended to carry out useful biomedical tasks in vivo, is to endow them with the ability to detect and respond to molecules of interest. Target molecules may be disease indicators or cell surface receptors, and the responses may include conformational changes leading to the release of therapeutically relevant cargo. Nucleic acid aptamers are ideally suited to this task and are beginning to be used in DNA origami designs. In this review, we consider examples of uses of DNA aptamers in DNA origami structures and summarise what is currently understood regarding aptamer-origami integration. We review three major roles for aptamers in such applications: protein immobilisation, triggering of structural transformation, and cell targeting. Finally, we consider future perspectives for DNA aptamer integration with DNA origami.
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Yang, Darong, Xianghe Meng, Qinqin Yu, Li Xu, Ying Long, Bin Liu, Xiaohong Fang, and Haizhen Zhu. "Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Infection by DNA Aptamer against Envelope Protein." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 10 (July 22, 2013): 4937–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00897-13.

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ABSTRACTHepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope protein (E1E2) is essential for virus binding to host cells. Aptamers have been demonstrated to have strong promising applications in drug development. In the current study, a cDNA fragment encoding the entire E1E2 gene of HCV was cloned. E1E2 protein was expressed and purified. Aptamers for E1E2 were selected by the method of selective evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), and the antiviral actions of the aptamers were examined. The mechanism of their antiviral activity was investigated. The data show that selected aptamers for E1E2 specifically recognize the recombinant E1E2 protein and E1E2 protein from HCV-infected cells. CD81 protein blocks the binding of aptamer E1E2-6 to E1E2 protein. Aptamers against E1E2 inhibit HCV infection in an infectious cell culture system although they have no effect on HCV replication in a replicon cell line. Beta interferon (IFN-β) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) are not induced in virus-infected hepatocytes with aptamer treatment, suggesting that E1E2-specific aptamers do not induce innate immunity. E2 protein is essential for the inhibition of HCV infection by aptamer E1E2-6, and the aptamer binding sites are located in E2. Q412R within E1E2 is the major resistance substitution identified. The data indicate that an aptamer against E1E2 exerts its antiviral effects through inhibition of virus binding to host cells. Aptamers against E1E2 can be used with envelope protein to understand the mechanisms of HCV entry and fusion. The aptamers may hold promise for development as therapeutic drugs for hepatitis C patients.
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Moreno, Miguel, María Fernández-Algar, Javier Fernández-Chamorro, Jorge Ramajo, Encarnación Martínez-Salas, and Carlos Briones. "A Combined ELONA-(RT)qPCR Approach for Characterizing DNA and RNA Aptamers Selected against PCBP-2." Molecules 24, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071213.

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Improvements in Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) technology and DNA sequencing methods have led to the identification of a large number of active nucleic acid molecules after any aptamer selection experiment. As a result, the search for the fittest aptamers has become a laborious and time-consuming task. Herein, we present an optimized approach for the label-free characterization of DNA and RNA aptamers in parallel. The developed method consists in an Enzyme-Linked OligoNucleotide Assay (ELONA) coupled to either real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR, for DNA aptamers) or reverse transcription qPCR (RTqPCR, for RNA aptamers), which allows the detection of aptamer-target interactions in the high femtomolar range. We have applied this methodology to the affinity analysis of DNA and RNA aptamers selected against the poly(C)-binding protein 2 (PCBP-2). In addition, we have used ELONA-(RT)qPCR to quantify the dissociation constant (Kd) and maximum binding capacity (Bmax) of 16 high affinity DNA and RNA aptamers. The Kd values of the high affinity DNA aptamers were compared to those derived from colorimetric ELONA performed in parallel. Additionally, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays (EMSA) were used to confirm the binding of representative PCBP-2-specific RNA aptamers in solution. We propose this ELONA-(RT)qPCR approach as a general strategy for aptamer characterization, with a broad applicability in biotechnology and biomedicine.
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Mao, Yu, Jimmy Gu, Dingran Chang, Lei Wang, Lili Yao, Qihui Ma, Zhaofeng Luo, Hao Qu, Yingfu Li, and Lei Zheng. "Evolution of a highly functional circular DNA aptamer in serum." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 19 (October 6, 2020): 10680–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa800.

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Abstract Circular DNA aptamers are powerful candidates for therapeutic applications given their dramatically enhanced biostability. Herein we report the first effort to evolve circular DNA aptamers that bind a human protein directly in serum, a complex biofluid. Targeting human thrombin, this strategy has led to the discovery of a circular aptamer, named CTBA4T-B1, that exhibits very high binding affinity (with a dissociation constant of 19 pM), excellent anticoagulation activity (with the half maximal inhibitory concentration of 90 pM) and high stability (with a half-life of 8 h) in human serum, highlighting the advantage of performing aptamer selection directly in the environment where the application is intended. CTBA4T-B1 is predicted to adopt a unique structural fold with a central two-tiered guanine quadruplex capped by two long stem–loops. This structural arrangement differs from all known thrombin binding linear DNA aptamers, demonstrating the added advantage of evolving aptamers from circular DNA libraries. The method described here permits the derivation of circular DNA aptamers directly in biological fluids and could potentially be adapted to generate other types of aptamers for therapeutic applications.
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Zavyalova, Elena, Valeriia Legatova, Rugiya Alieva, Arthur Zalevsky, Vadim Tashlitsky, Alexander Arutyunyan, and Alexey Kopylov. "Putative Mechanisms Underlying High Inhibitory Activities of Bimodular DNA Aptamers to Thrombin." Biomolecules 9, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9020041.

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Nucleic acid aptamers are prospective molecular recognizing elements. Similar to antibodies, aptamers are capable of providing specific recognition due to their spatial structure. However, the apparent simplicity of oligonucleotide folding is often elusive, as there is a balance between several conformations and, in some cases, oligomeric structures. This research is focused on establishing a thermodynamic background and the conformational heterogeneity of aptamers taking a series of thrombin DNA aptamers having G-quadruplex and duplex modules as an example. A series of aptamers with similar modular structures was characterized with spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, providing examples of the conformational homogeneity of aptamers with high inhibitory activity, as well as a mixture of monomeric and oligomeric species for aptamers with low inhibitory activity. Thermodynamic parameters for aptamer unfolding were calculated, and their correlation with aptamer functional activity was found. Detailed analysis of thrombin complexes with G-quadruplex aptamers bound to exosite I revealed the similarity of the interfaces of aptamers with drastically different affinities to thrombin. It could be suggested that there are some events during complex formation that have a larger impact on the affinity than the states of initial and final macromolecules. Possible mechanisms of the complex formation and a role of the duplex module in the association process are discussed.
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Bruno, John G. "Potential Use of Antifreeze DNA Aptamers for the Cryopreservation of Human Erythrocytes." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 870–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2628.

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This article summarizes proof of concept experiments which clearly demonstrated the ability of DNA aptamers selected against a molecular mimic of early ice crystal nuclei to protect the integrity of human erythrocytes following a slow freeze-thaw cycle. Following 10 cycles of selection and DNA amplification of rare candidate DNA aptamers against a copper-organic ligand complex which holds water molecules in a conformation resembling early ice crystal nuclei, the aptamers were tested for their ability to preserve erythrocyte morphology by phase-contrast microscopy versus controls without aptamers and with the original randomized aptamer DNA library template following slow freezing and storage overnight at -20 °C with slow thawing at 25 °C. Those experiments revealed that a minimum of 32 μg/ml of the final selected aptamer pool of DNA molecules was required to completely protect nearly 100% of the erythrocytes. By contrast, the treatment groups without the aptamers or with the randomized aptamer template DNA at 32 μg/ml produced only fragmented erythrocytes and cellular debris (no intact cells), thus indicating that specifically selected DNA conformations were required to bind and limit the size of forming ice crystals to cryoprotect the erythrocytes.
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Poturnayová, Alexandra, Maja Šnejdárková, and Tibor Hianik. "DNA aptamer configuration affects the sensitivity and binding kinetics of thrombin." Acta Chimica Slovaca 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2012): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10188-012-0009-z.

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DNA aptamer configuration affects the sensitivity and binding kinetics of thrombinThrombin is serine protease involved in the coagulation cascade, which converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble strands of fibrin - a matrix of the blood clot formation. Development of the sensitive method of the thrombin detection in nanomolar level is important for clinical practice. In this work we applied acoustic thickness shear mode method (TSM) for study the binding of human thrombin depending on DNA aptamer configuration. We compared sensitivity of detection and binding kinetics of the thrombin to the conventional DNA aptamers and aptamer dimers immobilized at the surface of quartz crystal transducer. We have shown that aptasensors based on aptamer dimers more sensitively detect thrombin. The aptamer-thrombin complexes were also more stable as revealed from equilibrium dissociation constant,KD, that was 4 times lower for aptamer dimers in comparison with conventional aptamers. Determination of motional resistance,Rm, from acoustic impedance analysis allowed us to find important differences in physico-chemical properties of layers formed by conventional aptamers and aptamer dimers.
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Asadzadeh, Homayoun, Ali Moosavi, Georgios Alexandrakis, and Mohammad R. K. Mofrad. "Atomic Scale Interactions between RNA and DNA Aptamers with the TNF-α Protein." BioMed Research International 2021 (July 16, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9926128.

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Interest in the design and manufacture of RNA and DNA aptamers as apta-biosensors for the early diagnosis of blood infections and other inflammatory conditions has increased considerably in recent years. The practical utility of these aptamers depends on the detailed knowledge about the putative interactions with their target proteins. Therefore, understanding the aptamer-protein interactions at the atomic scale can offer significant insights into the optimal apta-biosensor design. In this study, we consider one RNA and one DNA aptamer that were previously used as apta-biosensors for detecting the infection biomarker protein TNF-α, as an example of a novel computational workflow for selecting the aptamer candidate with the highest binding strength to a target. We combine information from the binding free energy calculations, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the interactions of both aptamers with TNF-α. The results reveal that the RNA aptamer has a more stable structure relative to the DNA aptamer. Interaction of aptamers with TNF-α does not have any negative effect on its structure. The results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the RNA aptamer has a stronger interaction with the protein. Also, these findings illustrate that basic residues of TNF-α establish more atomic contacts with the aptamers compared to acidic or pH-neutral ones. Furthermore, binding energy calculations show that the interaction of the RNA aptamer with TNF-α is thermodynamically more favorable. In total, the findings of this study indicate that the RNA aptamer is a more suitable candidate for using as an apta-biosensor of TNF-α and, therefore, of greater potential use for the diagnosis of blood infections. Also, this study provides more information about aptamer-protein interactions and increases our understanding of this phenomenon.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "DNA aptamers"

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Mejri, Nawel. "Development of biosensors based on DNA aptamers for direct mycotoxins detection." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0010.

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Le travail réalisé au cours de cette thèse a porté sur le développement de biocapteurs électrochimiques d’affinité, sensibles et sélectifs, pour la détection de l’ochratoxine A (OTA) et l’aflatoxine M1 (AFM1). Les biocapteurs développés reposent sur l’association de différents nanomatériaux pour une meilleure performance analytique. Pour construire notre transducteur, nous avons associé le polypyrrole à des dendrimères poly(amido-amine) PAMAM, ce qui a permis d’avoir de très bon rendements grâce au propriétés électriques du polypyrrole et à l’augmentation de la surface active due à la structure tridimensionnelle des dendrimères. L’utilisation d’aptamères spécifiques pour la détection des différentes mycotoxines a permis leur détection et quantification à des concentrations de l’ordre des nM, ainsi que l’élargissement des gammes dynamiques. Nous avons pu démontrer grâce à l’utilisation de dendrimères de différentes tailles que la sensibilité des biocapteurs ne provient pas uniquement de l’affinité qui existe entre les biorécepteurs et leurs molécules cibles, mais aussi des propriétés physico-chimiques du biocapteur
This aim of this work is to develop ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors with high affinity toward ochratoxine (OTA) and aflatoxine M1 (AFM1). In order to obtain the best analytical performances, we associated nano-materials in the transducer construction: conducting polypyrrole polymer and poly(amido-amine) dendrimères. Thanks to this association, we benefited from the conducting material’s electrical properties, and the large active detection surface dendrimers. For the bimolecular sensing part, we used specific DNA aptamers which allowed us to quantify mycotoxines at nM concentrations. In addition, the different aptamer based biosensors present a very large dynamic ranges. We also demonstrated through the use of different sizes of dendrimers, that the sensitivity depend not only in the affinity between bioreceptors and their target molecules, but also in the physico-chemical properties of the biosensor
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Marquardt, Janice Dionne. "Force interaction characterization between thrombin and DNA aptamers." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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Bayrac, Abdullah Tahir. "In Vitro Selection Of Dna Aptamers To Glioblastoma Multiforme." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613769/index.pdf.

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Aptamer probes for specific recognition of glioblastoma multiforme were generated using a repetitive and broad cell-SELEX-based procedure without negative selection. The 454 sequencing technology was used to monitor SELEX, and bioinformatics tools were used to identify aptamers from high throughput data. A group of aptamers were generated that can bind to target cells specifically with dissociation constants (K d ) in the nanomolar range. Selected aptamers showed high affinity to different types of glioblastoma cell lines, while showing little or no affinity to other cancer cell lines. The aptamers generated in this study have potential use in different applications, such as probes for diagnosis and devices for targeted drug delivery, as well as tools for molecular marker discovery for glioblastomas.
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Kärkkäinen, Riikka M. "Production of DNA aptamers with specificity for bacterial food pathogens." Thesis, University of Chester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620695.

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Aptamers are biomolecular ligands composed of nucleic acids. They can be selected to bind specifically to a range of target molecules and subsequently exploited in a fashion analogous to more traditional biomolecules such as antibodies. In this study a method for selecting new aptamers which specifically bind whole live bacterial cells is described. A non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli K12 was used to develop the method. A DNA library containing 100 bases long random nucleotide sequences was produced and the aptamer selection process was repeated nine times. An enzyme-linked technique was first used to detect bound aptamers thereafter fluorimetry and fluorescence microscopy methods were used for the detection. The aptamers were cloned and sequenced and the cloned aptamers produced with fluorescent labels. The E. coli K12-binding aptamers were used to demonstrate the detection of the bacterial cells in a complex food matrix, namely probiotic yogurt, by using fluorescence based detection method. The aptamer selection method with some modifications was also used to select aptamers with specificity for the food pathogens E. coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, L. innocua, S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis. The aptamers against E. coli O157 and S. typhimurium were cloned and the sequences and the binding properties of these aptamers were analysed. The use of E. coli K12 as a target organism and the aptamer sequences presented in this study, have not previously been published in scientific literature. This is also the first report where the aptamers have been used in detection of live bacterial cells in yogurt.
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Joseph, Diego F., Jose A. Nakamoto, Ruiz Oscar Andree Garcia, Katherin Peñaranda, Ana Elena Sanchez-Castro, Pablo Soriano Castillo, and Pohl Milón. "DNA aptamers for the recognition of HMGB1 from Plasmodium falciparum." Public Library of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655484.

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Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) for malaria are restricted to a few biomarkers and antibody-mediated detection. However, the expression of commonly used biomarkers varies geographically and the sensibility of immunodetection can be affected by batch-to-batch differences or limited thermal stability. In this study we aimed to overcome these limitations by identifying a potential biomarker and by developing molecular sensors based on aptamer technology. Using gene expression databases, ribosome profiling analysis, and structural modeling, we find that the High Mobility Group Box 1 protein (HMGB1) of Plasmodium falciparum is highly expressed, structurally stable, and present along all blood-stages of P. falciparum infection. To develop biosensors, we used in vitro evolution techniques to produce DNA aptamers for the recombinantly expressed HMG-box, the conserved domain of HMGB1. An evolutionary approach for evaluating the dynamics of aptamer populations suggested three predominant aptamer motifs. Representatives of the aptamer families were tested for binding parameters to the HMG-box domain using microscale thermophoresis and rapid kinetics. Dissociation constants of the aptamers varied over two orders of magnitude between nano- and micromolar ranges while the aptamer-HMG-box interaction occurred in a few seconds. The specificity of aptamer binding to the HMG-box of P. falciparum compared to its human homolog depended on pH conditions. Altogether, our study proposes HMGB1 as a candidate biomarker and a set of sensing aptamers that can be further developed into rapid diagnostic tests for P. falciparum detection.
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Lu, Chenze. "Nano-assemblages d'ADN induites par des cibles - Détection de petites cibles par formation de réseaux d'ADN." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV066/document.

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La détection de petites molécules contribue au développement de nombreux domaines tels que la sécurité alimentaire, la sécurité intérieure, le diagnostic, le contrôle de l'environnement, etc. Cependant, la petite taille de ces cibles et leur faible concentration rendent difficile leur détection. Pour pallier à cela, des biocapteurs avec des sondes appropriées et des stratégies d'amplification du signal sont nécessaires. Parmi les éléments de reconnaissance couramment utilisés, les aptamères présentent l'avantage d'une synthèse aisée et de grandes possibilités de modification, ainsi qu'une dénaturation réversible à haute température et une tolérance élevée à la concentration en sel et au pH dans le milieu de travail. Plus important encore, la petite taille des aptamères en fait un choix idéal pour créer des structures adaptées pour la détection de petites cibles. La possibilité de couper la séquence de l'aptamère a fourni d'autres approches d’amplification de signal. Il existe deux catégories de méthodes de détection basées sur des aptamères : analyse hétérogène lorsque l'aptamère est immobilisé sur la surface ou analyse homogène lorsque le test est réalisé en solution. Nous proposons dans cette thèse une approche appliquable aux deux stratégies. L'adénosine a été utilisée comme une cible modèle pour cette preuve de concept. La détection de l'adénosine a été obtenue en combinant l'auto-assemblage de dimères d'oligonucléotides avec des extrémités pendantes correspondantes à l'aptamère coupé. Nous avons construit des structures auto-assemblées d'ADN (de 1D à 3D) avec l'adénosine comme déclencheur d'un changement structurel. La première méthode décrite dans ce travail consiste à utiliser de telles structures d'ADN combinées à l'imagerie par Résonance de Plasmons de Surface (SPRi). La SPRi est une méthode sensible à la variation d'indice optique produite par l'interaction entre les sondes immobilisées sur le prisme de l'or et la cible dans la solution. En présence d'adénosine, la structure d'ADN s'auto-assemble sur la surface de l'or et un signal a été créé. La limite de détection de l'adénosine atteinte par cette méthode est de 10 μM. La deuxième homogène méthode consiste à analyser les variations d'absorbance UV de la solution contenant les structures d'ADN puisque l'absorbance UV de l'ADN monocaténaire et du duplex ADN hybride est différente. En raison de cet effet, la température de fusion des brins d'ADN peut être déterminée par la dérivée de l'absorbance UV mesurée. Les structures d'ADN combinant les extrémités pendantes de l'aptamère coupé couplés à des oligonucléotides complémentaires présentent deux températures de fusion caractéristique de la dissociation de chaque partie. L'une correspond à l'oligonucléotide hybridé et l'autre à l'aptamère coupé liant l'adénosine. En présence d'adénosine dans la solution, la stabilité de la structure augmente et le pic de fusion de l'aptamère coupé est décalé à une température plus élevée tandis que le second pic de fusion reste identique et peut servir de référence interne. La limite de détection atteinte pour cette méthode est de 1 μM. Les structures d'ADN que nous avons proposées s'auto-assemblent de manière linéaire ou bi- ou tri-dimensionnelle : la structure 1D est une chaîne d'ADN formée par un enchainement de dimères connectés par des extrémités formées de l'aptamère scindé; La structure en 2D est une structure en forme de Y formée par un ADN simple brin avec une extrémité aptamère scindé sur chaque branche du "Y"; La structure 3D est un tétraèdre formé par quatre simple brins d'ADN avec des extrémités aptamère scindé sur les quatre sommets. En présence d'adénosine, les structures 2D et 3D peuvent s'auto-assembler et ainsi former un réseau avec les extrémités pendantes. La structure 1D a été mûrement développée pour les deux méthodes, les structures 2D et 3D ont été prouvées efficaces pour la détection, mais nécessitent encore plus d'efforts pour permettre une détection optimisée
The detection of small molecules contributes to the development of many fields such as food safety, homeland security, diagnose, environment control, etc. However, their small size and low concentration are the usual cause of limitations in their detection. In order to improve the detection, biosensors with appropriate probes and signal amplification strategies are required. Amongst the commonly used recognition elements, aptamer has the advantage of easier mass production and modification, reversible denaturation at high temperature and high tolerance of salt concentration and pH in the working environment. More importantly its small size made it an ideal choice for creating delicate structures for the detection of small targets. The possibility of splitting the aptamer sequence has provided more approaches for amplification purpose. There are two categories of detecting methods based on aptamers: heterogeneous analyzation where the aptamer is immobilized on a surface or homogeneous analyzation where the assay is performed in solution. In this thesis, we proposed an amplification method useful for both heterogeneous and homogeneous assays. Adenosine was used as a proof of concept target. The detection of Adenosine was achieved by combining the self-assembly of oligonucleotide dimers with split-aptamer dangling ends. We constructed self-assembled DNA structures (from 1D to 3D) with Adenosine as the trigger for a structural change. The heterogeneous assay is based on in Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi). SPRi is a method sensitive to the change of refraction index created by the interaction between the probes immobilized on the gold surface and the targets in the flowing solution. With the presence of Adenosine in the solution, the DNA structure is self-assembled on the gold surface and the signal was created. The detection limit achieved by this method was 10 µM. The second homogeneous assay is based on the melting profile of the solution determined from the absorbance of UV light (260 nm wavelength). The UV absorbance of single strand DNA and hybridized DNA duplex is different. Due to this effect, the melting temperature could be obtained from the UV absorbance measured. The DNA structures combining self-complementary oligonucleotides and split-aptamer dangling ends have two melting temperatures, one correspond to the oligonucleotides and the other to the split-aptamer. In presence of Adenosine in the solution the strength in the binding is increased. As a result, the melting peak of the split-aptamer shifted to higher temperature while the second melting peak correspond the oligonucleotide remains the same as an internal reference. The detection limit achieved for this method was 1 µM. The DNA structures we proposed varied from 1D to 3D: the 1D structure was a DNA chain formed by a series of dimers connected through split-aptamer dangling ends; the 2D structure was a Y shape structure formed by three single-strand DNA with a split-aptamer dangling end on each branch of the “Y”; the 3D structure was a tetrahedron formed by four single-strand DNA with split-aptamer dangling ends on the four vertexes. With presence of Adenosine, 2D and 3D structures can further form a network with the dangling ends. The 1D structure has been maturely developed for the two detection methods, the 2D and 3D structures have been proven effective for detection but still require more efforts to reach perfection
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Chumphukam, Orada. "Proximity dependent ligation selection : a new approach to generating DNA aptamers." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24836.

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Nucleic acid aptamers are a group of molecules which emerge from large random sequence pools through in vitro selection, a process called Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX). These recognition molecules are a potential alternative to antibodies and offer a greater thermal stability, robustness and chemical versatility. The first part of this thesis describes the selection of an aptamer against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using conventional in vitro selection process. The pool enrichment was observed during 15 rounds of selection and a chosen aptamer, R15/19, was characterized. The R15/19 binds with dissociation constant of 55±8pM but does not inhibit the enzyme. This aptamer can be used as a part of immobilization mediator. However, this manual in vitro selection procedure is time consuming as it needs multiple rounds of selection. Therefore, a novel aptamer selection method has been developed that is aimed at shortening selection times. Taking an advantage of multiple interactions, it is possible to generate a single sequence that contains two binding sites through a single selection process. The approach is adopted from proximity dependent DNA ligation assay (PLA) and called 'proximity ligation selection' (PLS). Instead of using one random pool for selection, with PLS, we use two. These two starting pools were designed to contain different additional sequences, apart from the primer and random regions, at either the 5' or the 3' end. The basis of this method is only in the presence of target protein molecules, is there a close proximity of pairs of bound sequences. And only if those pairs are in an appropriate orientation in which the 3' hydroxyl terminal of one sequence is sufficiently close to the 5'-phosphate terminal of the other sequence, are the extended free ends of each member of the proximity oligonucleotide pairs were brought closely by base-pairing to subsequently added connector oligonucleotide. The hybridized complexes are then joined using a DNA ligase, allowing the formation of a ligated product that contains a dual binding site on the target. Thrombin and lysozyme were used as model targets. For thrombin, none of the PLS products showed a G-quadruplex signature in CD spectroscopy. Using the SPR, the Kd of the aptamer dimer 2/19-5 (from F and R pool) and 4/19-7 (from TBA29plus and R pool) are 1.6μM and 1.2μM, respectively. The ELONA test was used to measure a Kd for each monomer and there was no binding observed from each monomer of the aptamer against thrombin. In the case of lysozyme, the SPR and ELONA revealed the Kd of the aptamer dimer (from two starting pools) of 8.7μM and 9nM, respectively. The Kd of each constitute of anti-lysozyme aptamer dimer using ELONA showed the Kd of 35.5 and 51.5nM. The Kd obtained from SPR was high, suggesting a low binding affinity. We assume that the aptamer molecule can freely fold into a favored structure once it meets the target and thus can perform binding better than in the SPR. Although we did not succeed in generating aptamer dimers that had higher affinity than monomers, there are several steps in the procedure that need to be further improved.
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Lin, Ying [Verfasser]. "Isolation and characterization of DNA aptamers for zinc finger proteins / Ying Lin." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1023581051/34.

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Bunka, David Harry John. "Isolation and characterisation of RNA aptamers against DNA binding domains and amyloid." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275670.

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Shahidi, Hamedani Nasim [Verfasser]. "Functional Modulation of Activated Protein C using DNA-Aptamers / Nasim Shahidi Hamedani." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130704696/34.

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Book chapters on the topic "DNA aptamers"

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Parashar, Abhishek, Munna Lal Yadav, Gulab Singh Yadav, and Ram Krishan Saini. "Aptamer: The Science of Synthetic DNA." In Aptamers, 1–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8836-1_1.

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Debnath, Mousumi, Godavarthi B. K. S. Prasad, and Prakash S. Bisen. "Aptamers: In Vitro DNA Selection." In Molecular Diagnostics: Promises and Possibilities, 55–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3261-4_4.

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Zhu, Guizhi, Liping Qiu, Hongmin Meng, Lei Mei, and Weihong Tan. "Aptamers-Guided DNA Nanomedicine for Cancer Theranostics." In Aptamers Selected by Cell-SELEX for Theranostics, 111–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46226-3_6.

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Thomas, Jason M., Hua-Zhong Yu, and Dipankar Sen. "DNA Electronic Switches Based on Analyte-Responsive Aptamers." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 267–76. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-730-3_19.

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Toulmé, Jean-Jacques, Carmelo Di Primo, Eric Dausse, Daniel Desmecht, François Cornet, and Laurent Azéma. "Aptamers: Analytical Tools for Viral Components." In DNA and RNA Nanobiotechnologies in Medicine: Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases, 425–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45775-7_17.

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Tenaglia, Enrico, Fabio M. Spiga, and Carlotta Guiducci. "Selection of Structure-Switching DNA Aptamers Binding Soluble Small Molecules and SPR Validation of Enrichment." In DNA Nanotechnology, 183–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8582-1_13.

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Tenaglia, Enrico, Fabio M. Spiga, and Carlotta Guiducci. "Erratum to: Selection of Structure-Switching DNA Aptamers Binding Soluble Small Molecules and SPR Validation of Enrichment." In DNA Nanotechnology, E1. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8582-1_22.

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Nishio, Maui, Ayana Yamagishi, Kaori Tsukakoshi, Yoshio Kato, Chikashi Nakamura, and Kazunori Ikebukuro. "Selection and Characterization of DNA Aptamers Against FokI Nuclease Domain." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 165–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8799-3_12.

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Tao, Shao, Pingfang Song, Xiaowei Zhang, Lingshu Zhang, and Cong-Qiu Chu. "Single-Stranded DNA Aptamers Against TNF and Their Potential Applications." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 181–96. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0247-8_16.

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Hianik, Tibor. "Electrochemical and Acoustic Biosensors Based on DNA Aptamers for Detection Mycotoxins." In Biosensors for Security and Bioterrorism Applications, 261–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28926-7_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "DNA aptamers"

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Nguyen, Thai Huu, and Qiao Lin. "An Aptamer-Functionalized Microfluidic Platform for Biomolecular Purification and Sensing." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82142.

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Aptamers are oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) that bind to chemical and biological analyte targets via affinity interactions. Through an in vitro synthetic process, aptamers can be developed for an extremely broad spectrum of analytes, such as small molecules, proteins, cells, viruses, and bacteria. Target recognition by aptamers is highly selective, as affinity interactions result in secondary aptamer conformational structures that specifically fit the target. The aptamer-target binding is also reversible and depends strongly on external stimuli such as pH and temperature. The specificity and stimuli-responsiveness of aptamers are highly attractive to biological purification and sensing, which generally involve isolating minute quantities of targets from complex samples with non-specific molecules and impurities present at orders-of-magnitude higher concentrations. We present an aptamer-functionalized microfluidic platform that by design exploits the specificity and temperature-dependent reversibility of aptamers to enable biomolecular purification and sensing. Using the specificity of aptamers, we demonstrate highly selective capture and enrichment of biomolecules. Employing thermally induced, reversible disruption of aptamer-target binding, we accomplish isocratic elution of the captured analytes and regeneration of the aptamer surfaces, thereby eliminating the use of potentially harsh reagents. Using integrated microfluidic control, the eluted analytes are detected in a label-free fashion by mass spectrometric methods.
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Chen, Kok Hao, and Jong Hyun Choi. "Nanoparticle-Aptamer: An Effective Growth Inhibitor for Human Cancer Cells." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11966.

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Semiconductor nanocrystals have unique optical properties due to quantum confinement effects, and a variety of promising approaches have been devised to interface the nanomaterials with biomolecules for bioimaging and therapeutic applications. Such bio-interface can be facilitated via a DNA template for nanoparticles as oligonucleotides can mediate the aqueous-phase nucleation and capping of semiconductor nanocrystals.[1,2] Here, we report a novel scheme of synthesizing fluorescent nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) using DNA aptamers and the use of this biotic/abiotic nanoparticle system for growth inhibition of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells for the first time. Particularly, we used two DNA sequences for this purpose, which have been developed as anti-cancer agents: 5-GGT GGT GGT GGT TGT GGT GGT GGT GG-3 (also called, AGRO) and 5-(GT)15-3.[3–5] This study may ultimately form the basis of unique nanoparticle-based therapeutics with the additional ability to optically report molecular recognition. Figure 1a shows the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of GT- and AGRO-passivated PbS QD that fluoresce in the near IR, centered at approximately 980 nm. A typical synthesis procedure involves rapid addition of sodium sulfide in the mixture solution of DNA and Pb acetate at a molar ratio of 2:4:1. The resulting nanocrystals are washed to remove unreacted DNA and ions by adding mixture solution of NaCl and isopropanol, followed by centrifugation. The precipitated nanocrystals are collected and re-suspended in aqueous solution by mild sonication. Optical absorption measurements reveal that approximately 90 and 77% of GT and AGRO DNA is removed after the washing process. The particle size distribution in Figure 1b suggests that the GT sequence-capped PbS particles are primarily in 3–5 nm diameter range. These nanocrystals can be easily incorporated with mammalian cells and remain highly fluorescent in sub-cellular environments. Figure 1c serially presents an optical image of a MCF-7 cell and a PL image of the AGRO-capped QD incorporated with the cell. Figure 1. (a) Normalized fluorescence spectra of PbS QD synthesized with GT and AGRO sequences, which were previously developed as anti-cancer agents. The DNA-capped QD fluoresce in the near IR centered at ∼980 nm. (b) TEM image of GT-templated nanocrystals ranging 3–5 nm in diameter. (c) Optical image of an MCF-7 human breast cancer cell after a 12-hour exposure to aptamer-capped QD. (d) PL image of AGRO-QD incorporated with the cell, indicating that these nanocrystals remain highly fluorescent in sub-cellular environments. One immediate concern for interfacing inorganic nanocrystals with cells and tissue for labeling or therapeutics is their cytotoxicity. The nanoparticle cytotoxicity is primarily determined by material composition and surface chemistry, and QD are potentially toxic by generating reactive oxygen species or by leaching heavy metal ions when decomposed.[6] We examined the toxicity of aptamer-passivated nanocrystals with NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. The cells were exposed to PbS nanocrystals for 2 days before a standard MTT assay as shown in Figure 2, where there is no apparent cytotoxicity at these doses. In contrast, Pb acetate exerts statistically significant toxicity. This observation suggests a stable surface passivation by the DNA aptamers and the absence of appreciable Pb2+ leaching. Figure 2. Viability of 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells after a 2-day exposure to DNA aptamer-capped nanocrystals. There is no apparent dose-dependent toxicity, whereas a statistically significant reduction in cell viability is observed with Pb ions. Note that Pb acetate at 133 μM is equivalent to the Pb2+ amount that was used for PbS nanocrystal synthesis at maximum concentration. Error bars are standard deviations of independent experiments. *Statistically different from control (p<0.005). Finally, we examined if these cyto-compatible nanoparticle-aptamers remained therapeutically active for cancer cell growth inhibition. The MTT assay results in Figure 3a show significantly decreased growth of breast cancer cells incorporated with AGRO, GT, and the corresponding templated nanocrystals, as anticipated. In contrast, 5-(GC)15-3 and the QDs synthesized with the same sequence, which were used as negative controls along with zero-dose control cells, did not alter cell viability significantly. Here, we define the growth inhibition efficacy as (100 − cell viability) per DNA of a sample, because the DNA concentration is significantly decreased during the particle washing. The nanoparticle-aptamers demonstrate 3–4 times greater therapeutic activities compared to the corresponding aptamer drugs (Figure 3b). We speculate that when a nanoparticle-aptamer is internalized by the cancer cells, it forms an intracellular complex with nucleolin and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) essential modulator, thereby inhibiting NF-κB activation that would cause transcription of proliferation and anti-apoptotic genes.[7] The nanoparticle-aptamers may more effectively block the pathways for creating anti-apoptotic genes or facilitate the cellular delivery of aptamers via nanoparticle uptake. Our additional investigation indicates that the same DNA capping chemistry can be utilized to produce aptamer-mediated Fe3O4 nanocrystals, which may be potentially useful in MRI and therapeutics, considering their magnetic properties and biocompatibility. In summary, the nanoparticle-based therapeutic schemes developed here should be valuable in developing a multifunctional drug delivery and imaging agent for biological systems. Figure 3. Anti-proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with aptamer-passivated nanocrystals. (a) Viability of MCF-7 cells exposed to AGRO and GT sequences, and AGRO-/GT-capped QD for 7 days. The DNA concentration was 10 uM, while the particles were incubated with cells at 75 nM. (b) Growth inhibition efficacy is defined as (100 − cell viability) per DNA to correct the DNA concentration after particle washing.
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Khalil Bhuiyan, Md Ebrahim, Dustin Smith, Eric J. Voss, Chin-Chuan Wei, and Mohammad Shavezipur. "Surface Functionalization of Silicon MEMS Biochemical Sensors for the Detection of Foodborne Pathogens." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-69708.

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Abstract This work presents the surface modification of silicon chips as a platform for silicon-based biosensors with applications aiming for the detection of foodborne bacteria in aqueous solution. The detection requires high selectivity as the solution may contain a variety of biological species, which affect the outcome of the sensing process. The silicon surface is functionalized by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with thiol groups followed by immobilizing a thiol-linked DNA aptamer. The DNA aptamer used in this work has reported to recognize a biological species, E. coli ATCC 25922. The presence of DNA aptamer on the sensor surface allows the capture of the specific E. coli cells on the surface, while other potential biological (and chemical) species would not attach to the sensor surface, thus improving the selectivity of the sensor. The uniform formation of the SAM on the surface is an important step toward uniformly coating the sensor surface with the desired DNA aptamer. The SAM is created on the silicon surface by surface modification with the MPTS (3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane) solution. Then the aptamer DNA solution is applied as droplets on the chip followed by a cure process. The attachment of the SAM and DNA aptamers are verified by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface functionalization presented in this work can be used for sensors made of silicon coated with a thin layer of native oxide, and can be adopted for detection of other cells and biological agents using the proper SAM and DNA aptamer.
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Nobukawa, Aiko, Toshihisa Osaki, Taishi Tonooka, Yuya Morimoto, and Shoji Takeuchi. "Electrical detection of pesticide vapors by biological nanopores with DNA aptamers." In 2015 28th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2015.7051026.

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AMERO, Paola, Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo, Rajan R. Chaudhari, Shuxing Zhang, Anil K. Sood, and Gabriel Lopez-Berestein. "Abstract 368: Next generation DNA aptamers with prolonged stability and antitumor activity." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-368.

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AMERO, Paola, Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo, Rajan R. Chaudhari, Shuxing Zhang, Anil K. Sood, and Gabriel Lopez-Berestein. "Abstract 368: Next generation DNA aptamers with prolonged stability and antitumor activity." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-368.

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Kimoto, Michiko, Ken-Ichiro Matsunaga, and Ichiro Hirao. "Generation of high affinity DNA aptamers by the expansion of the genetic alphabet." In XVIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css201414097.

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Lin, Yong-Ping, and Bo-Jian Zheng. "Inhibitory effect of DNA aptamers binding H5N1 viral nucleoprotein in the viral infection." In XVIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css201414413.

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Prodeus, Aaron, and Jean Gariepy. "Abstract B032: Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 immune evasion axis with DNA aptamers." In Abstracts: CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr15-b032.

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Chuang, Po-Chun, Pei-Chen Liao, and Yih-Fan Chen. "Enhancing the sensitivity of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors using nanorods and DNA aptamers." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Tuan Vo-Dinh and Joseph R. Lakowicz. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2078216.

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Reports on the topic "DNA aptamers"

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Gmeiner, William H. Metallated DNA Aptamers for Prostate Cancer Treatment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada578778.

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Gmeiner, William. Metallated DNA Aptamers For Prostate Cancer Treatment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada559240.

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McGown, Linda B. Final report [Investigations of single stranded DNA aptamers as a new tool for chemical separations]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/807707.

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Martin, Jennifer A., Yaroslav Chushak, Jorge C. Benavides, Joshua Hagen, and Nancy Kelley-Loughnane. DNA Microarrays for Aptamer Identification and Structural Characterization. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada597207.

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Roberts, Kenneth P., and Lloyd A. Bumm. Quantum Dot Nanocrystals Coupled to DNA Aptamer Sensors for Biological Weapons Detection. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada567156.

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Soh, Hyonsok T., and Y. Xiao. Ready-to-use Aptamer Biosensors for DNT and RDX. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada551279.

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Kiel, Johnathan, Maomian Fan, Eric Holwitt, and Veronica Sorola. Aptamer Selection Express: A Rapid Single-Step Selection of Double Stranded DNA Capture Elements (Briefing Charts). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541515.

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