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Relevant bibliographies by topics / DNA History

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Academic literature on the topic 'DNA History'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "DNA History"

1

Brosh, Robert M., and Steven W. Matson. "History of DNA Helicases." Genes 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11030255.

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Since the discovery of the DNA double helix, there has been a fascination in understanding the molecular mechanisms and cellular processes that account for: (i) the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next and (ii) the remarkable stability of the genome. Nucleic acid biologists have endeavored to unravel the mysteries of DNA not only to understand the processes of DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription but to also characterize the underlying basis of genetic diseases characterized by chromosomal instability. Perhaps unexpectedly at first, DNA helicases have arisen as a key class of enzymes to study in this latter capacity. From the first discovery of ATP-dependent DNA unwinding enzymes in the mid 1970’s to the burgeoning of helicase-dependent pathways found to be prevalent in all kingdoms of life, the story of scientific discovery in helicase research is rich and informative. Over four decades after their discovery, we take this opportunity to provide a history of DNA helicases. No doubt, many chapters are left to be written. Nonetheless, at this juncture we are privileged to share our perspective on the DNA helicase field – where it has been, its current state, and where it is headed.

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Tyagi, P., and M. Bhide. "History of DNA Sequencing." Folia Veterinaria 64, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2020-0019.

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AbstractThe nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids and determining their sequential arrangement had always been an integral part of biological research. Since the past seven decades, researchers from multi-disciplinary fields has been working together to innovate the best sequencing methods. Various methods had been proposed, from some oligonucleotides to the whole genome sequencing, and the growth had gone through adolescence to the mature phase where it is now capable of sequencing the whole genome at a low cost and within a short time frame. DNA sequencing has become a key technology in every discipline of biology and medicine. This review aims to highlight the evolution of DNA sequencing techniques and the machines used, including their principles and key achievements.

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Slatkin, Montgomery, and Fernando Racimo. "Ancient DNA and human history." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 23 (June 6, 2016): 6380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524306113.

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We review studies of genomic data obtained by sequencing hominin fossils with particular emphasis on the unique information that ancient DNA (aDNA) can provide about the demographic history of humans and our closest relatives. We concentrate on nuclear genomic sequences that have been published in the past few years. In many cases, particularly in the Arctic, the Americas, and Europe, aDNA has revealed historical demographic patterns in a way that could not be resolved by analyzing present-day genomes alone. Ancient DNA from archaic hominins has revealed a rich history of admixture between early modern humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans, and has allowed us to disentangle complex selective processes. Information from aDNA studies is nowhere near saturation, and we believe that future aDNA sequences will continue to change our understanding of hominin history.

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Reardon, Jenny, and Kim TallBear. "“Your DNA Is Our History”." Current Anthropology 53, S5 (April 2012): S233—S245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/662629.

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Cooper, Robert A. "Ancient DNA & Human History." American Biology Teacher 81, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 378–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2019.81.5.378.

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Johannes, Frank. "DNA methylation makes mutational history." Nature Plants 5, no. 8 (July 29, 2019): 772–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41477-019-0491-z.

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Kannan, Sampath K., and Tandy J. Warnow. "Inferring Evolutionary History From DNA Sequences." SIAM Journal on Computing 23, no. 4 (August 1994): 713–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0097539791222171.

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Dhillon, Manpreet Singh. "Pre-History of DNA ‘Fingerprinting’ in India." Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 10, no. 3 (2019): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-5828.2019.00145.1.

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Strasser, Bruno J., and Ulf Lagerkvist. "DNA: A History of a Thousand Heroes." BioScience 49, no. 3 (March 1999): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1313519.

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Vicente, Mário, and Carina M. Schlebusch. "African population history: an ancient DNA perspective." Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 62 (June 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.008.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "DNA History"

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Price, Meredith Michelle. "DNA and the news media : science journalism and the history of DNA research." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614088.

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Shapiro, Beth Alison. "Inferring evolutionary history and processes using ancient DNA." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288525.

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Daskalaki, Evangelia. "Archaeological Genetics - Approaching Human History through DNA Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Evolutionsbiologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-211156.

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There are a variety of archaeological questions, which are difficult to assess by traditional archaeological methods. Similarly, there are genetic and population genetic questions about human evolution and migration that are difficult to assess by studying modern day genetic variation. Archaeological genetics can directly study the archaeological remains, allowing human history to be explored by means of genetics, and genetics to be expanded into historical and pre-historical times. Examples of archaeological questions that can be resolved by genetics are determining biological sex on archaeological remains and exploring the kinship or groups buried in close proximity. Another example is one of the most important events in human prehistory – the transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to farming - was driven through the diffusion of ideas or with migrating farmers. Molecular genetics has the potential to contribute in answering all these questions as well as others of similar nature. However, it is essential that the pitfalls of ancient DNA, namely fragmentation, damage and contamination are handled during data collection and data analysis. Analyses of ancient DNA presented in this thesis are based on both mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA through the study of single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs). I used pyrosequencing assays in order to identify the biological sex of archaeological remains as well as verifying if fragmented remains were human or from animal sources. I used a clonal assay approach in order to retrieve sequences for the HVRI of a small family-like burial constellation from the Viking age. By the use of low coverage shotgun sequencing I retrieved sequence data from 13 crew members from the 17th century Swedish man-of-war Kronan. This data was used to determine the ancestry of the crew, which in some cases was speculated to be of non-Scandinavian or non-European origin. However, I demonstrate that all individuals were of European ancestry. Finally, I retrieved sequence data from a Neolithic farmer from the Iberian Peninsula, which added one more facet of information in exploring the Neolithization process of Europe. The Neolithic Iberian individual was genetically similar to Scandinavian Neolithic farmers, indicating that the genetic variation of prehistoric Europe correlated with subsistence mode rather than with geography.

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Derksen, Linda Anne. "Agency and structure in the history of DNA profiling : the stabilization and standardization of a new technology /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3083460.

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Duran, Ferrer Martí. "Tracing the developmental history of B-cell tumors by DNA methylation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670361.

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The DNA from our cells carries the genetic information to build a human being. This information is interpreted through epigenetic marks that lead to tightly coordinated and cell type-specific gene expression programs. One of these marks is DNA methylation, which has been widely reported to regulate gene expression both in physiological and pathological conditions. Initial studies in cancer identified gene promoter methylation as an alternative to genetic alterations in the silencing of tumor suppressor genes. Nonetheless, genome-wide studies published in the last decade uncovered that the majority of DNA methylation changes in cancer are not directly related to gene regulation, and thus do not have an apparent functional impact. Some of these studies focused on the DNA methylome during B-cell development and malignant transformation to major B-cell neoplasms. These reports unveiled a highly dynamic DNA methylome during B-cell development and provided new insights into the cellular origin, pathogenic mechanisms and clinical behavior of B-cell neoplasms. Despite these previous studies targeting specific cancers, a holistic perspective of the DNA methylome during the entire normal cell differentiation program and derived neoplasms was missing. This holistic view was neither available for B cells nor for any other human cell lineage, and therefore was the main goal of this thesis. I exploited previously and newly generated data to dissect the sources of DNA methylation variability of major B-cell tumors spanning the whole maturation spectrum in the context of the entire normal B-cell development. These included B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (Study 1), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and multiple myeloma (MM). This comprehensive approach using over 2,000 samples showed that the human DNA methylome is more dynamic than previously conceived and uncovered new clinico-biological insights (Study 2). I observed that B-cell tumors display both DNA methylation imprints of normal development and de novo DNA methylation aberrations, which set the basis to build an accurate diagnostic tool for 14 B-cell tumor subtypes with different clinical management. In line with previous knowledge, I identified that most of the DNA methylation changes taking place in individual patients were located in silent chromatin. Remarkably, I could relate this phenomenon to the proliferative history of normal and neoplastic B cells, whereby each cell division seemed to accumulate transcriptionally-inert epigenetic imprints into the genome (Study 3). In general, mitotic activity simultaneously left hyper- and hypomethylation imprints, but some B-cell neoplasms preferentially gained or lost DNA methylation. Based on this data, I built the epiCMIT epigenetic mitotic clock considering both hyper- and hypomethylation imprints related to cell division, which significantly improved the performance of previously reported mitotic clocks. Noticeably, the proliferative history traced by the epiCMIT before treatment was highly predictive of future patient outcome, not only in the B-cell tumors studied but also in other human neoplasias. The accumulation of genetic alterations with positive selection increased the epiCMIT, but some specific drivers seemed to confer a particular proliferative advantage to CLL and MCL cells and distinguished patients with a marked adverse outcome (Study 4). Finally, I compared the epiCMIT mitotic clock with another type of epigenetic clock that estimates the chronological age of a person, the so-called Horvath clock. Interestingly, the epiCMIT was strongly associated with an accelerated epigenetic aging in B-cell tumors measured by the Horvath clock, suggesting a crosstalk between mitotic activity and the aging process (Study 3). In summary, the wealth of data presented in this doctoral thesis uncovers DNA methylation as a holistic tracer of B-cell tumor developmental history and provides new clinico-biological insights for B-cell tumors and cancer in general.
L’ADN de les nostres cèl·lules porta la informació genètica necessària per crear un ésser humà. Aquesta informació és interpretada a través de marques epigenètiques que permeten l’ expressió diferencial i altament coordinada dels gens en cada tipus cel·lular. La metilació de l’ADN representa una d’aquestes marques, i ha estat amplament descrita com a reguladora gènica tan en condicions fisiòlogues com en patològiques. Les primeres investigacions en el càncer varen identificar la metilació als promotor dels gens com un mètode alternatiu a les mutacions genètiques per silenciar els gens supressors de tumors. No obstant, estudis del genoma complet durant la darrera dècada han revelat que la majoria de canvis de metilació de l’ADN no estan directament relacionats amb la regulació gènica ,i conseqüentment no tenen aparentment un impacte funcional. Alguns d’aquests estudis s’han centrat en la metilació de l’ADN durant el desenvolupament normal de les cèl·lules B i la seva transformació cap als tipus principals de tumors de cèl·lula B. Aquestes investigacions han descrit un metiloma molt dinàmic durant el desenvolupament de cèl·lules B sanes i han proporcionat nous coneixements sobre la cèl·lula d’origen, els mecanismes patogènics i el comportament clínic de les neoplàsies de cèl·lules B. Malgrat la rellevància d’aquests estudis previs enfocats en cada tumor, faltava una visió holística de la metilació de l’ADN durant un programa sencer de desenvolupament de cèl·lules sanes y les seves neoplàsies derivades. Aquesta visió no estava disponible ni per les cèl·lules B ni per cap altre llinatge humà, i per tant era l’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesis doctoral. Emprant dades prèvies i generades expressament, vaig explorar les fonts de variabilitat en la metilació de l’ADN de les principals neoplàsies de cèl·lula B sorgides al llarg del desenvolupament complet de cèl·lules B sanes. Aquestes neoplàsies varen incloure la leucèmia linfoblàstica aguda de cèl·lules B (LLA), el limfoma de cèl·lules del mantell (LCM) (Estudi 1), la leucèmia limfocítica crònica (LLC), el limfoma difús de cèl·lules B grans (LDCB), i el mieloma múltiple (MM). Aquest enfocament integrador amb més de 2.000 mostres de pacients va desxifrar que el metiloma humà és notablement més dinàmic del que el concebíem, i va revelà nous coneixements biològics i clínics de les neoplasias de cèl·lules B (Estudi 2). Vaig identificar que els tumors de les cèl·lules B presenten empremtes de metilació derivades del desenvolupament normal i canvis adquirits de novo. Ambdós tipus de canvis de metilació de l’ADN varen permetre crear una eina diagnòstica epigenètica molt precisa per 14 subtipus de neoplàsies de cèl·lules B amb diferent abordatge clínic. En consonància amb coneixements previs, vaig identificar que la majoria dels canvis de metilació en l’ADN en el pacients tenien lloc en regions de la cromatina silenciades. Cal destacar que vaig poder relacionar aquest fenomen amb la història proliferativa de les cèl·lules B normals i tumorals, on cada divisió cel·lular semblava que deixava traces epigenètiques en el genoma sense repercussions transcripcionals (Estudi 3). En general, vaig veure que l’activitat mitòtica deixava simultàniament guanys i pèrdues de metilació en l’ADN, però algunes neoplàsies mostraven un biaix cap una direcció o l’altre. Basat en aquestes dades, vaig crear el rellotge mitòtic epigenètic epiCMIT considerant tant guanys com pèrdues de metilació en l’ADN relacionats amb la divisió cel·lular, la qual cosa representa una millora considerable respecte altres rellotges mitòtics proposats prèviament. Cal destacar que la història proliferativa recollida per l’epiCMIT abans del tractament dels pacients va ser altament predictiva del seu futur comportament clínic no només en tumors de cèl·lules B sinó en altres tipus de neoplàsies. Vaig observar que l’acumulació d’alteracions genètiques amb selecció positiva augmentaven l’epiCMIT, però algunes en particular semblaven que conferien una avantatge proliferativa significativa a les cèl·lules de LLC i LCM i distingien pacients amb un comportament clínic molt advers (Estudi 4). Finalment, vaig comparar el rellotge mitòtic epiCMIT amb un altre rellotge epigenètic que identifica de manera molt precisa l’edat cronològica de les persones, l’anomenat rellotge de Horvath. Curiosament, l’epiCMIT estava fortament associat amb una edat accelerada en les neoplàsies de cèl·lula B, suggerint una relació entre l’activitat mitòtica i l’envelliment (Estudi 3). En conclusió, la riquesa de dades presentades en aquesta tesis doctoral revelen la metilació de l’ADN com un traçador holístic del desenvolupament tumoral en les neoplàsies de cèl·lules B, i proporcionen nous coneixements biològics i clínics pels tumors de cèl·lula B i el càncer en general.

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Abernethy, J. K. "Recent human history : inferences from the Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444478/.

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Disciplines such as palaeoanthropology, archaeology, anthropology, and history have been instrumental in formulating hypotheses relating to human history. Genetics has developed into a powerful tool for human population analysis hence it can complement information derived from other disciplines. To date, however, such studies of genetic history have predominantly focussed on prehistoric events. The aim of this thesis was to address several questions formulated from written sources and oral tradition relating to the recent history of populations in the British Isles and Africa. Y-chromosome markers and sequence information from the mitochondrial genome were employed. The male gene pool of the British Isles was investigated using a thorough sampling strategy, with respect to the impact of historical invaders, revealing geographic structuring within the Isles as a result of differential contact with these invaders. With these data for Britain available, the fidelity of (British) surname inheritance was investigated using the Y-chromosome, revealing evidence for the random and non-random adoption of surnames. The scope in Britain was narrowed to the small, but assumed diverse, metropolitan district of Greater London, to assess levels of Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA diversity in relation to the rest of Britain and Europe. Finally, the maternal history of the Lemba from Africa was investigated oral tradition and Y-chromosome evidence suggests a Semitic component. The evidence presented here precludes a Jewish maternal heritage, but a Middle Eastern component is possible. This thesis has shown that genetic information can be informative for elucidating the recent history of these populations, therefore confirming the value of including recent events within the scope of genetic history.

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Beltrán, Margarita Sofía. "The speciation history of Heliconius : inferences from multilocus DNA sequence data." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446412/.

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Heliconius butterflies, which contain many intermediate stages between local varieties, geographic races, and sympatric species, provide an excellent biological model to study evolution at the species boundary. Heliconius butterflies are warningly coloured and mimetic, and it has been shown that these traits can act as a form of reproductive isolation. I present a species-level phylogeny for this group based on 3834bp of mtDNA (COI, COII, 16S) and nuclear loci (Efla, dpp, ap, wg). Using these data I test the geographic mode of speciation in Heliconius and whether mimicry could drive speciation. Recent sister species display variable degrees of geographic overlap, ranging from almost complete overlap (sympatry) to complete non-overlap (parapatry or allopatry). There are frequent shifts in colour pattern within and between sister species which have a positive and significant correlation with species diversity this suggests that speciation is facilitated by the evolution of novel mimetic patterns. My data is also consistent with the idea that two major innovations in Heliconius , adult pollen feeding and pupal-mating, each evolved only once. By comparing gene genealogies from mtDNA and introns from nuclear Tpi and Mpi genes, I investigate recent speciation in two sister species pairs, H. erato/H. himera and H. melpomene/ H. cydno. There is highly significant discordance between genealogies of the three loci, which suggests recent speciation with ongoing gene flow. Finally, I explore the phylogenetic relationships between races of H. melpomene using an AFLP band tightly linked to the Yb colour pattern locus (which determines the yellow bar in the hindwing). At this locus, races group according to geographical location rather than clades inferred from colour pattern phenotype. This and similar loci can be used to facilitate comparative mapping with other Heliconius species. In summary, the patterns at each phylogenetic level using different gene regions are consistent with a scenario of rapid, adaptively driven divergence and speciation in this group.

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Muller, Romy. "Tuberculosis throughout history : ancient DNA analyses on European skeletal and dental remains." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/tuberculosis-throughout-history-ancient-dna-analyses-on-european-skeletal-and-dental-remains(15084f13-8e8d-4f5f-9806-dc9c99ad2dac).html.

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Tuberculosis (TB) has killed millions of people throughout history and still isone of the leading causes of death. Since the early 1990s, ancient DNA(aDNA) research has made considerable contributions to the study of thisinfectious disease in the past. While early studies used polymerase chainreactions (PCRs) solely to identify the TB-causing organisms, namely theMycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), later approaches extended thefocus to assign the actual disease-causing species or strains of the MTBCbut were either directed at single or few individuals or only provided few data. This research project has screened a large set of European skeletaland dental samples from individuals of the 1st–19th centuries AD for IS6110,an insertion sequence believed to be specific to the MTBC, and has identifieda number of individuals that may indeed have suffered from TB. Reports ofIS6110-like elements in other mycobacteria, however, challenge thesuitability of IS6110 for detecting MTBC. Two sequences similar but notidentical to IS6110 were revealed from several of the samples analysed,supporting the proposal that IS6110 should not serve as the sole target foridentifying MTBC from archaeological material. It cannot be establishedwhere these sequences derive from, but application of a MycobacteriumspecificPCR and targeting of genomic regions of the MTBC that containsingle nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) indicate that at least some of thesamples contain a range of unknown, most likely environmental, bacterialand/or mycobacterial species. Yet, screening for IS6110 together with thedetection of large sequence polymorphisms (LSPs) and SNPs in othergenomic regions has identified eight individuals to unambiguously containMycobacterium tuberculosis aDNA. Apart from one individual which wasrecovered from Northern France, these skeletons derived from Britisharchaeological excavation sites. The SNP and LSP results enabled theallocation of infecting MTBC strains into various classification systemsreported in clinical literature and revealed that M. tuberculosis strains variedthroughout different time periods, thereby mainly confirming evolutionarypathways suggested in previous studies. Additionally, it was found thatdistinct strains co-existed temporally, and maybe even spatially, in Britainand that at least one individual harboured two different MTBC strains,suggesting a mixed infection. Application of next generation sequencingenabled one of the 19th century strains from Britain to be characterised ineven more detail, revealing closest similarity to a M. tuberculosis strainisolated at the beginning of the 20th century in North America.

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Shook, Beth Alison Schultz. "Ancient DNA and the biological history and prehistory of northeastern North America /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Fages, Antoine. "The genomic history of horse domestication and management : an ancient DNA perspective." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30329.

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Parmi tous les animaux domestiques, le cheval est sans aucun doute celui ayant le plus influencé l’histoire des peuplements humains. Le cheval domestique a d’abord fourni à de nombreuses civilisations des ressources primaires essentielles telles que la viande et le lait. Utilisé pour sa force physique et comme moyen de transport, il a eu de profondes conséquences sur les mouvements de personnes et de biens ainsi que sur la diffusion de cultures et d’idées à travers l’Eurasie. Le cheval a ainsi fortement contribué à l’expansion de sociétés et d’empires pendant des millénaires, et ce jusqu’au vingtième siècle. Les différentes étapes de la domestication du cheval restent cependant mal comprises d’un point de vue archéologique et sont complexes à retracer à partir des données génétiques recueillies sur les races chevalines actuelles. L’émergence de la génomique ancienne au début des années 2010 a révolutionné la biologie de l'évolution, en donnant un accès direct à l’histoire des populations anciennes et actuelles. Elle est donc particulièrement adaptée pour étudier la transition historique induite par la domestication du cheval. En s'appuyant sur les dernières avancées en matière d’extraction d'ADN ancien et des technologies de séquençage d’ADN à haut débit, ce travail de doctorat vise à décrypter les modifications génétiques sous-jacentes au processus de domestication du cheval. Pour se faire, nous avons généré le plus grand jeu de données génomiques anciennes jamais rassemblées sur un organisme non humain. Celles-ci ont révélé que les chevaux domestiqués pour la première fois à Botai, dans le nord du Kazakhstan, il y a environ 5 500 ans, ne sont pas les ancêtres des chevaux domestiques ayant vécu pendant ces dernières ~4 100 années. Ce sont les ancêtres des chevaux de Przewalski, que l’on pensait jusqu’alors totalement sauvages. Cette découverte inattendue suggère qu'un remplacement majeur de la population de chevaux domestiques a eu lieu au cours du troisième millénaire avant notre ère, contribuant probablement à faire entrer l'humanité dans l'âge du Bronze. En outre, ces trois années de recherche ont permis d'identifier les signatures génétiques associées à différentes stratégies d’élevage du cheval et ont révélé les dynamiques évolutives en jeu lors des étapes clés de la domestication. En particulier, il ressort des analyses de génomes anciens que les chevaux ibériques n’ont contribué que marginalement à la création du cheval domestique tel qu’on le connaît aujourd'hui. Ce travail de thèse a par ailleurs permis de détecter une influence croissante des chevaux perses dès le début du Moyen Age
Among all domesticates, the horse can confidently be considered as the animal that most impacted the history of human dynamics. Once they domesticated the horse, human civilizations got hold of essential domestication products including meat and milk, but also invaluable secondary products, such as fast transportation and powerful workforce. The horse thus deeply enhanced the circulation of people, goods, culture and ideas, promoting the spread of vast military and political units across Eurasia up until the 1900s. The various steps underpinning horse domestication are however difficult to track in the archaeological record and still poorly understood based on patterns of DNA variation among modern breeds. In the last decade, the advent of ancient genomics has revolutionized evolutionary biology by providing a direct window into the past history of populations. Ancient genomics therefore provides the necessary time travel machine to investigate the key historical transition in the history of humankind that was induced by the horse domestication. Leveraging the latest advances in ancient DNA recovery and High-Throughput sequencing technologies, this PhD project aimed at deciphering the genetic changes underlying the horse domestication process by generating the largest ancient genome dataset for a non-human organism, spanning the whole temporal and geographic range of horse domestication. This dataset revealed that horses first herded at Botai in Northern Kazakhstan ~5,500 years ago are not the ancestors of modern domestic horses but instead of modern Przewalski’s horses, previously thought to represent last true wild population on Earth. This major discovery also suggests that a swift genomic replacement in the domestic stock took place in the third millennium BCE, probably contributing to precipitating humankind into a new metal era, the Bronze Age. Additionally, this PhD work identified the genetic signatures associated with different management strategies and the evolutionary dynamics at play within distinct domestication stages. In particular, we were able to rule out Iberia as a major contributor to the modern domestic stock and moving towards more recent times, we characterized the growing influence of Persian-like horses starting in the early Middle Ages

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Books on the topic "DNA History"

1

1948-, Lynch Michael, ed. Truth machine: The contentious history of DNA fingerprinting. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.

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King, Turi. Surnames, DNA, and family history. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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D, Watson James. Dna. London: Random House Publishing Group, 2008.

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I︠A︡rish, I︠A︡roslav (I︠A︡roslav Ivanovych), 1981-, ed. Iz sʹomoho dna. Kharkiv: Vyd-vo Klub Simeĭnoho Dozvilli︠a︡, 2011.

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DNA pioneers and their legacy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998.

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Vincent, Francene. An African American family history story. [Chicago, Illinois]: Francene Vincent, 2009.

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Zhongguo li shi de DNA. Guangzhou Shi: Hua cheng chu ban she, 2006.

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Crick, Watson, and DNA. New York: Anchor Books, 1999.

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Sue, Bix Amy, and Essential Library (Firm), eds. Rosalind Franklin: DNA discoverer. Minneapolis, Minnesota: ABDO Publishing Company, 2018.

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Wo men liu zhu bu tong de xue ye: Yi xue xing, ji yin de ke xue zheng ju jie kai Taiwan ge zu qun shen shi zhi mi. Taibei Shi: Qian wei chu ban she, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "DNA History"

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Fan, Chunhai, and Di Li. "Brief History of DNA Nanotechnology." In DNA Nanotechnology, 3–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36077-0_1.

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Hollard, Clémence, and Christine Keyser. "Funerary Recruitment and Ancient DNA: Making DNA Speak." In Archaeology, history and biosciences, edited by Susanne Brather-Walter, 151–60. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110616651-009.

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Steen, R. Grant. "The Dark History of Eugenics." In DNA and Destiny, 33–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2768-2_3.

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White, Lisa D. "History of DNA Sequencing Technologies." In Next Generation Sequencing, 3–17. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7001-4_1.

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Tuross, Noreen, and Michael G. Campana. "CHAPTER 6. Ancient DNA." In The Science of Roman History, edited by Walter Scheidel, 205–23. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/9781400889730-011.

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Sinkovics, Joseph G. "“Making Cancer History” at M.D. Anderson Hospital." In RNA/DNA and Cancer, 527–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22279-0_29.

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Serafini, Anthony. "On the Trail of DNA." In The Epic History of Biology, 331–62. New York, NY: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6327-7_23.

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Manning, Patrick. "DNA in a Progressive Era, 1945–1980." In Methods for Human History, 109–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53882-8_10.

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Fischer, Ernst Peter. "The archetypal gene — the open history of a successful concept." In The future of DNA, 35–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5494-9_4.

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Dash, Hirak Ranjan, Kamayani Vajpayee, and Radhika Agarwal. "A Glimpse of Famous Cases in History Solved by DNA Typing." In Handbook of DNA Profiling, 1–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9364-2_14-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "DNA History"

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SUZUKI, H., Y. SATO, and N. OHBA. "AN EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF THE JAPANESE AQUATIC FIREFLIES INFERRED FROM MITOCHONDRIAL DNA SEQUENCES." In Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702203_0014.

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Meagher, Robert L. "From worms in the fields to moth DNA — a history of Spodoptera frugiperda migration in North America." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.105637.

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Dumitrescu, Ramona G., Yun-Ling Zheng, Yang Yang, Francoise Seillier-Moiseiwitsch, Stephanie M. Spernak, Christopher Loffredo, David H. Phillips, and Peter G. Shields. "Abstract 4701: DNA-adducts levels and chromosomal aberrations in relation to smoking history and topography in smokers." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-4701.

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Nozdracheva, Aleksandra, Nadezhda Pleskach, and Mirya Kuranova. "FEATURES OF DNA REPAIR IN DERMAL FIBROBLASTS IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER AND PERSONS WITH MEDICAL HISTORY OF CANCER." In RAP Conference. Sievert Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37392/rapproc.2020.10.

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Graham, J. B., D. B. Lubahn, J. D. Kirshtein, S. T. Lord, I. M. Nilsson, A. Wallmark, R. Ljung, et al. "THE “MALMO“ EPITOPE OF FACTOR IX: PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION OF THE “VIKING“ GENE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643566.

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The epitope of a mouse monoclonal AB (9.9) which detects a Factor IX (F.IX) polymorphism in the plasma of normal persons (PNAS 82:3839, 1985) has been related to not more than 6 AA residues of F.IX by recombinant DNA technology. The same 6 residues define Smith’s polymorphic epitope (Am. J. Human Genet. 37:688, 1985 and in press). This region of F.IX contains the alanine:threonine dimorphism at residue 148 first suggested by McGraw et al. (PNAS 82: 2847, 1985) and established by Winship and Brownlee with synthetic DNA oligomers (Lancet in press). Using synthetic DNA probes, we have found that the DNA difference between positive and negative reactors to 9.9 is whether base pair 20422, the first pair in the codon for residue 148, is A:T or G:C. We can conclude that 9.9 reacts with F.IX containing threonine but not alanine at position 148.The F.IX immunologic polymorphism-whose epitope we are referring to as “Malmo”-is, not surprisingly, in strong linkage disequilibrium with two F.IX DNA polymorphisms, TaqI and Xmnl. The highest frequency of the rarer Malmo allele in 6 disparate ethnic groups was in Swedes (32%); a lower frequency (14%) was seen in White Americans whose ancestors came overwhelmingly from the Celtic regions of the British Isles; it was at very low frequency or absent in Black Americans, East Indians, Chinese and Malays. A maximum frequency in Swedes and absence in Africans and Orientals suggest that the transition from A:T to G:C occurred in Scandinavia and spread from there. The history of Europe and America plus the geographical distribution of the rare allele lead us to suggest that this locus might be designated: “the Viking gene”.

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Imgenberg-Kreuz, Juliana, Christopher Sjöwall, Martina Frodlund, Iva Gunnarsson, Elisabet Svenungsson, and Dag Leonard. "12 Epigenome-wide association study reveals differential DNA methylation in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with a history of ischemic heart disease." In 13th International Congress on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (LUPUS 2019), San Francisco, California, USA, April 5–8, 2019, Abstract Presentations. Lupus Foundation of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2019-lsm.12.

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Imgenberg-Kreuz, Juliana, Christopher Sjöwall, Martina Frodlund, Iva Gunnarsson, Elisabet Svenungsson, and Dag Leonard. "P89 Epigenome-wide association study reveals differential DNA methylation in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with a history of ischemic heart disease." In 12th European Lupus Meeting. Lupus Foundation of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2020-eurolupus.133.

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Zhang, Aili, Chao Chen, and Lisa X. Xu. "Numerical Study of Nanoparticle-Enhanced PCR." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192725.

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The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) exponentially amplifies a DNA template and produces large numbers of specific DNA fragments. Because of its high sensitivity and efficiency, it becomes a common technique that is widely used in molecular biological. The addition of nano-gold particles into the template solution was found to greatly enhance the efficacy of PCR [1, 2]. Although the thermal effect has been suggested, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear, e.g. how the temperature field affects the replication of DNA at the molecular level. A typical PCR process consists of repeated cycling of three major steps: (1) fast heating to a temperature around 94°C for separating of the two strands DNA templates into single strand (Denaturation); (2) lowering the temperature to about 54°C for the primers to find the complementary part and anneal to the single stranded templates (Annealing); (3) increase of the temperature again to around 72°C for copying of the single templates with the action of the polymerase enzyme (Extension). The thermal history of the PCR determines the activity of the polymerase and rate of each reaction taken place during the process. And the motion of the primers, the DNA templates and the bases owing to both the Brownian effects and concentration gradients can also influence the specificity and reaction rates. The addition of nano-gold particles is expected to greatly alter both the heat and mass transfer efficiency. Thus, the micro-heat and mass transfer analysis of the nano-gold added PCR process has been performed. The temporal and spatial temperature distribution, and the reactants and products concentration have been numerically simulated. The influence of added nano-gold particles on the polymerase reaction rate, the efficiency and specificity of the PCR has evaluated. The possible thermal wave and resonance of the two-phase fluid at the micro-scale level has also been investigated, as well as the enhanced mass transfer of the templates and the reaction rate. The results show that both the thermal effects and physical properties of the nano-particles have contributed to the increase of the efficiency and specificity in the PCR process.

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Killela, Patrick J., Ahmed B. Rasheed, and Hai Yan. "Abstract 1846: Identification of a germline mutation in PMS2, a DNA mismatch repair gene, in a large consanguineous family with a history of Pediatric GBMs." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-1846.

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Wang, Xin, Stephanie Melkonian, Jian Gu, David Chang, Nizar Tannir, Christopher Wood, and Xifeng Wu. "Abstract 4320: Mitochondrial DNA copy number in peripheral blood and the risk of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: Effect of age, gender, smoking, and history of hypertension." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-4320.

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Reports on the topic "DNA History"

1

Research, Gratis. Vaccines Through History: Smallpox to COVID-19. Gratis Research, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/gr.blog.011.

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More recently, as genomes turned out to be promptly decodable, scientists have developed proficient knowledge at developing vaccines that depend on extraction of RNA or DNA from microbes and injecting these into the body.

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Repository, Science. Epigenetics – Blurring the Lines between Nature and Nurture. Science Repository OÜ, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/sr.blog.12.

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Usachenko, S. I., and E. M. Bradbury. Histone-DNA contacts in structure/function relationships of nucleosomes as revealed by crosslinking. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/334246.

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Huang, Yi, and Xiaowei Yang. The Role of Histone Deacetylase and DNA Methylation in Estrogen a Expression in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404589.

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VAQUERO DÍAZ, BEATRIZ. Historia da escritura na Galicia medieval. Consello da Cultura Galega, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17075/gmh.007.

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Huang, Yi. The Roles of Histone Deacetylase and DNA Methylation in Estrogen Receptor alpha Expression in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada407368.

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Shook, Molly S., Elena N. Cravens, Erika J. Hughes, Scott A. Coonrod, and Eric J. Richards. ICBP90 Regulation of DNA Methylation, Histone Ubiquitination, and Tumor Suppressor Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada566787.

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Huang, Yi. The Roles of Histone Deacetylase and DNA Methylation in Estrogen Receptor alpha Expression in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421800.

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Shook, Molly. ICBP90 Regulation of DNA Methylation, Histone Ubiquitination, and Tumor Suppressor Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada551855.

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Andrián, Leandro, and Jorge Hirs. Colombia: Desafíos del desarrollo en tiempos de COVID-19. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003000.

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Ante la crisis sanitaria del COVID-19 y su crisis económica asociada, Colombia está enfrentando múltiples desafíos sin precedentes en la historia moderna del país en términos de su magnitud y complejidad. Por un lado, la pandemia ha puesto en evidencia la alta exposición y vulnerabilidad del país a diversos choques domésticos como externos. Por otro lado, se presenta una oportunidad para consolidar a Colombia mediante cambios económicos, sociales e institucionales profundos que coadyuven a un crecimiento de mediano plazo sólido, inclusivo y sostenible al cambio climático. Los desafíos de desarrollo que enfrenta Colombia ante el choque del COVID-19 se analizan en los planos fiscal, externo, empresarial y social. Donde se describen las vulnerabilidades del país cuenta y se dan algunas propuestas de política para enfrentar la crisis y lograr una recuperación económica resiliente y sostenible en tiempos de post COVID-19. Estas propuestas tienden a promover el diálogo de políticas de forma proactiva y constructiva.

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