Dissertations / Theses: 'DNA origami'

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Dunn, Katherine Elizabeth. "DNA origami assembly." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dff1bafd-e355-4df5-968b-b0deb7e6f44f.

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This thesis describes my investigations into the principles underlying self-assembly of DNA origami nanostructures and discusses how these principles may be applied. To study the origami folding process I designed, synthesized and characterized a polymorphic tile, which could adopt various shapes. The distribution of tile shapes provided new insights into assembly. The origami tiles I studied were based on scaffolds derived from customized plasmids, which I prepared using recombinant DNA technology. I developed a technique to monitor incorporation of individual staples in real time using fluorescence, measuring small differences in staple binding temperatures (~0.5-5 °C). I examined the tiles using Atomic Force Microscopy and I found that a remarkably high proportion of polymorphic tiles folded well, which suggests that there are assembly pathways, arising from strong cooperation between staples. In order to analyse the tile shapes quantitatively, I developed a specialized image processing technique. For validation of the method, I generated and analysed simulated data, and the results confirmed that I could measure individual tile parameters with sub-pixel resolution. I studied eleven variants of the polymorphic tile, and I proved that minor staple modifications can be used to change the folding pathway dramatically. The strength of cooperation between staples affects their behaviour, which is also influenced by their length and base sequences. Paired staples are particularly significant in assembly, and there are clear parallels with protein folding. I describe in an Appendix how I applied origami assembly principles in the development of my concept for an autonomous rotary nanomotor utilizing the sequential opening of DNA hairpins (already used for linear motors). This device represents an advance over non-autonomous rotary motors and I have simulated its performance. In this thesis I have answered important questions about DNA origami assembly, and my findings could enable the development of more sophisticated DNA nanostructures for specific purposes.

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Seibert, Mark Marvin. "Protein Folding and DNA Origami." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylär biofysik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121549.

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In this thesis, the folding process of the de novo designed polypeptide chignolin was elucidated through atomic-scale Molecular Dynamics (MD) computer simulations. In a series of long timescale and replica exchange MD simulations, chignolin’s folding and unfolding was observed numerous times and the native state was identified from the computed Gibbs free-energy landscape. The rate of the self-assembly process was predicted from the replica exchange data through a novel algorithm and the structural fluctuations of an enzyme, lysozyme, were analyzed. DNA’s structural flexibility was investigated through experimental structure determination methods in the liquid and gas phase. DNA nanostructures could be maintained in a flat geometry when attached to an electrostatically charged, atomically flat surface and imaged in solution with an Atomic Force Microscope. Free in solution under otherwise identical conditions, the origami exhibited substantial compaction, as revealed by small angle X-ray scattering. This condensation was even more extensive in the gas phase. Protein folding is highly reproducible. It can rapidly lead to a stable state, which undergoes moderate fluctuations, at least for small structures. DNA maintains extensive structural flexibility, even when folded into large DNA origami. One may reflect upon the functional roles of proteins and DNA as a consequence of their atomic-level structural flexibility. DNA, biology’s information carrier, is very flexible and malleable, adopting to ever new conformations. Proteins, nature’s machines, faithfully adopt highly reproducible shapes to perform life’s functions robotically.

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Marras, Alexander Edison. "DNA Origami Mechanisms and Machines." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366227349.

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Daljit, Singh Jasleen Kaur. "Lipid-interacting switchable DNA origami nanostructures." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28197.

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DNA nanotechnology allows for the programmable self-assembly of nanostructures of arbitrary shapes and sizes. DNA nanostructures can be hydrophobically modified for integration with lipid bilayers. Lipid-integrated DNA nanotechnology can allow for the study of membrane proteins and other fundamental biological processes. In this thesis, switchable lipid-interacting DNA origami nanostructures are introduced. First, dimeric DNA origami nanostructures are successfully programmed to monomerise upon switching. The design space of switchable DNA origami nanostructures is explored using molecular switching mechanisms such as strand displacement, ionic switching and pH switching, as well as photoswitching, an external switching mechanism. Following that, lipid-interacting DNA origami nanostructures are introduced. These include previously studied DNA origami tile and a novel DNA origami barrel nanopore. The DNA origami tile is decorated with cholesterols and its membrane binding is characterised. The optimal number of cholesterols for membrane binding is shown to be between four and eight cholesterols, and the optimal position of the cholesterols is at the edge of the tiles. The spacing between cholesterols and the tiles also affects membrane binding, with a larger spacing increasing membrane binding. Furthermore, these parameters are also shown to affect the aggregation of the cholesterol-modified tiles during folding, and hence the yield of correctly formed tiles. Reversible membrane binding of the tiles is demonstrated using a strand displacement mechanism. A toehold positioned proximal to the cholesterol group is found to decrease the efficiency of strand displacement for tiles not bound to a membrane. However, for membrane bound tiles, the toehold position does not affect strand displacement. Next, a novel switchable lipid-interacting DNA origami barrel nanopore (DOBN) is developed. The design of the DOBN is optimised to maximise the yield of the correctly folded structure. Following that, the switchability of the DOBN in response to strand displacement, pH switching and photoswitching is explored. Logic gates combining the different switching mechanisms are also developed and validated. Finally, selective membrane binding of the DOBN upon switching is successfully demonstrated. Ultimately, the findings in this thesis establish design guidelines for integrating complex switching mechanisms with membrane-binding DNA nanostructures. This paves the way for achieving dynamic control of complex membrane-interacting DNA nanostructures with potential applications in nanomedicine, biophysics, and nucleic acids research.

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Boemo, Michael Austin. "Computation by origami-templated DNA walkers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bdea667e-a9aa-484a-9db0-a816339e5594.

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Interactions between DNA molecules can be used to perform computation. These DNA computing systems often use DNA molecules as freely diusing reactants in a well-mixed solution. We demonstrate how DNA walkers tethered to an origami-templated track can perform computation. A DNA walker can block a track that intersects with its own, preventing another walker from stepping down this blocked track. These blockages are primitive operations that can be used to perform computation. This thesis demonstrates how blocking interactions between DNA walkers can evaluate formulae posed in propositional logic. When anchorages in the track are viewed as networked machines and the DNA walker is viewed as a coordinated message passed between them, DNA walker circuits can be modelled as a distributed system. Techniques from formal veri- cation can be used to check this system for errors, determining the probability with which the system will end up in a certain state. This forms the basis of a compiler that can automatically design a DNA walker circuit that evaluates a given propositional formula within a specied error tolerance. To show how DNA walker circuits can be simplied, we create a propositional logic system called blocking logic that is proven to be both sound and complete. DNA walker circuits can be implemented and measured experimentally by using fluorescence spectrophotometry to track the position of a walker on the track. To demonstrate proof of principle, circuits were built that implement NOT and NOR operators. To make these circuits operate with minimal error, dierent sources of possible error were investigated and quantied. Cumulatively, the novel contributions that this thesis makes to the eld are: â¢ the experimental design and implementation of a DNA computing system that uses DNA walkers, â¢ probabilistic model checking software that automatically designs these DNA walker circuits, â¢ a propositional logic system that can simplify a DNA walker circuit to an equivalent circuit that uses fewer tracks.

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Hudoba, Michael W. "Force Sensing Applications of DNA Origami Nanodevices." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471474143.

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Darcy, Michael Augusto. "High Force Applications of DNA Origami Devices." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1619092851712077.

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Geng, Yanli. "Metallization of DNA and DNA Origami Using a Pd Seeding Method." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3857.

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In this dissertation, I developed a Pd seeding method in association with electroless plating, to successfully metallize both lambda DNA and DNA origami templates on different surfaces. On mica surfaces, this method offered a fast, simple process, and the ability to obtain a relatively high yield of metallized DNA nanostructures. When using lambda DNA as the templates, I studied the effect of Pd(II) activation time on the seed height and density, and an optimal activation time between 10 and 30 min was obtained. Based on the Pd seeds formed on DNA, as well as a Pd electroless plating solution, continuous Pd nanowires that had an average diameter of ~28 nm were formed with good selectivity on lambda DNA. The selected Pd activation time was also applied to metallize "T"-shape DNA origami, and Au coated branched nanostructures with a length between 200-250 nm, and wire diameters of ~40 nm were also fabricated. In addition, I found that the addition of Mg2+ ion into the reducing agent and electroless plating solution could benefit the surface retention of Pd seeded DNA and Au plated DNA structures. This work indicated that DNA molecules were promising templates to fabricate metal nanostructures; moreover, the formation of Au metallized branched nanostructures showed progress towards nanodevice fabrication using DNA origami. Silicon surfaces were also used as the substrates for DNA metallization. More complex circular circuit DNA origami templates were used. To obtain high enough seed density, multiple Pd seeding steps were applied which showed good selectivity and the seeded DNA origami remained on the surface after seeding steps. I used distribution analysis of seed height to study the effect of seeding steps on both average height and the uniformity of the Pd seeds. Four-repeated palladium seedings were confirmed to be optimal by the AFM images, seed height distribution analysis, and Au electroless plating results. Both Au and Cu metallized circular circuit design DNA origami were successfully obtained with high yield and good selectivity. The structures were maintained well after metallization, and the average diameters of Au and Cu samples were ~32 nm and 40 nm, respectively. Electrical conductivity measurements were done on these Au and Cu samples, both of which showed ohmic behavior. This is the first work to demonstrate the conductivity of Cu metallized DNA templates. In addition, the resistivities were calculated based on the measured resistance and the size of the metallized structures. My work shows promising progress with metallized DNA and DNA origami templates. The resulting metal nanostructures may find use as conducting interconnects for nanoscale objects as well as in surface enhanced Raman scattering analysis.

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Marcus, Pierre. "Toward Scalable DNA algorithms." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0024.

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Le domaine du calcul par ADN consiste à utiliser l'ADN comme un matériau dynamique. En interagissant ensemble, les brins d’ADN peuvent implémenter de petits algorithmes et effectivement calculer. Par exemple, l’état de l’art permet l’évaluation de circuits logiques, où les informations de l’évaluation des circuits sont encodées dans les reconfigurations d’assemblage de brins d'ADN. Un autre exemple d’approche consiste à attacher des brins d'ADN selon des règles définies, proches du Le domaine du calcul par ADN consiste à utiliser l'ADN comme un matériau dynamique. En interagissant ensemble, les brins d’ADN peuvent implémenter de petits algorithmes et effectivement calculer. Par exemple, l’état de l’art permet l’évaluation de circuits logiques, où les informations de l’évaluation des circuits sont encodées dans les reconfigurations d’assemblage de brins d'ADN. Un autre exemple d’approche consiste à attacher des brins d'ADN selon des règles définies, proches du concept de tuiles de Wang, sur des substrats constitués de grands objets fait en ADN, appelés origami d'ADN. Cependant, toutes les approches actuelles sont confrontées au défi du passage à l’échelle. Dans la plupart des designs, la taille de l'entrée du problème est liée, soit aux caractéristiques de l'origami d'ADN, soit au nombre de brins d'ADN mélangés dans l’expérience. Cependant, ce nombre de brins est limité à la fois d'un point de vue pratique, et aussi d'un point de vue théorique. En effet, le risque d’hybridation d’ADN non voulue augmente avec le nombre de brins. Dans cette thèse, nous voulons résoudre ce sujet de scalabilité, sur le problème particulier de la résolution de labyrinthes. Ce problème a déjà été résolu, mais de manière non réversible et non scalable. Nous proposons dans ce travail d'implémenter une marche aléatoire réversible sur un origami d'ADN. Notre objectif est double. Tout d'abord, nous concevons un design composé d’un nombre fixe de seulement quatre brins différents, quelle que soit la taille du labyrinthe. Ensuite, nous proposons l'utilisation de la réversibilité, qui est un facteur clé, car elle permet d'exploiter le hasard pour tenter de revenir en arrière pour effacer les erreurs d'hybridation. Dans la première partie, nous avons mené des expériences au cours desquelles nous avons fixé des chemins de manière statique sur un origami d'ADN que nous avons conçu. Nous validerons notre capacité à mener, observer et traiter ces expériences. Dans la seconde partie, nous proposons une implémentation d'une marche aléatoire réversible grâce à une variante de la technique de toehold exchange strand displacement. Nous avons mené et développé des expériences sur cette variante grâce à une approche bottom-up. Cette approche bottom-up expérimente d’abord en imitant la présence d’origami d’ADN grâce à des structures d’ADN plus petites. Puis dans un second temps en ajoutant la présence d’un origami d’ADN
The DNA computing field consists in using DNA as dynamic building blocks. By interacting together, they can implement small algorithms and effectively compute. Many successful approaches were made. For instance, by implementing logical circuits where reconfigurations of DNA complexes progressively evaluate the network. Another approach is to attach DNA strands according to defined rules to a substrate made of large DNA objects called DNA origami. However, all the current approaches face the challenge of scalability. In most designs, the size of the input is linked to either the DNA origami or the number of strands. The number of strands, is limited not only technically but also theoretically, as there is an inherent chance of hybridization error between two strands that are not fully complementary. In this thesis, we want to solve this scalability issue on the particular problem of maze solving. This problem was already solved in both in a non-reversible and non-scalable fashion. We propose to implement a reversible random walk walker on a DNA origami. Our point is twofold. First, we can make a design with only four different strands, no matter the size of the maze. Most importantly, using reversibility is a key factor, as it can harness randomness to reverse hybridization errors. In the first part, we conducted experiments where we attached static paths made of DNA strands on a DNA origami. We will validate our ability to both conduct, observe and process these experiments. In the second part, we propose an implementation of a reversible random walk using a variation of the toehold mediated strand displacement technique. We have conducted and developed experiments on this variation using a bottom-up approach. Our experiments led to preliminary results of the technique on a DNA origami

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Said, Hassan [Verfasser]. "Studien zu synthetischen DNA Origami-Strukturen / Hassan Said." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1094117692/34.

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Briggs, Emily N. "Scaffolded DNA Origami Nanotechnology for Receptor Ligand Studies." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374169534.

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Marras, Alexander Edison. "Design, Control, and Implementation of DNA Origami Mechanisms." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500576490237821.

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Ratanalert, Sakul. "Sequence design principles for 3D wireframe DNA origami." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121818.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2018
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 143-151).
DNA is a highly programmable molecule that can be designed to self-assemble into nearly arbitrary 2D and 3D nanoscale structures. DNA origami is a particularly versatile method to achieve complex molecular architectures. However, the rules for designing scaffolded DNA origami have not been well-formalized, which hinders both the investigation of characteristics of well- and poorly-folded structures as well as the participation of a larger scientific audience in DNA nanotechnology. In my thesis work, a fully automatic inverse design procedure DAEDALUS (DNA Origami Sequence Design Algorithm for User-defined Structures) has been developed that programs arbitrary wireframe DNA assemblies based on an input wireframe mesh without reliance on user feedback. This general, top-down strategy is able to design nearly arbitrary DNA architectures, routing the scaffold strand using a spanning tree algorithm and adding staple strands in a prescribed manner. The wireframe nanoparticles produced can use antiparallel crossover (DX) motifs, for robust selfassembly, parallel paranemic crossover (PX) motifs, for staple-free self-assembly, or a hybrid of the two, to minimize the number of staples required for folding to the ones necessary for functionalization. The thermodynamics of the self-assembly of these wireframe structures, and the effects of scaffold and staple routing, are investigated using quantitative PCR and FRET measurements, tracking fluorescence to elucidate global and local folding events. The framework developed should enable the broad participation of nonexperts in this powerful molecular design paradigm and set the foundation for further predictive models of DNA self-assembly.
by Sakul Ratanalert.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering

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McDowell, Matthew Paul. "DNA Origami Stabilized and Seeded with 4'-Aminomethyltrioxsalen for Improved DNA Nanowire Fabrication." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6001.

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A fast emerging technology in the microelectronics field is bottom-up self-assembly of computer circuitry. A promising method to develop nanoelectronic devices through bottom-up self-assembly is the implementation of DNA-based technologies. Using DNA to create nanoelectronic devices is advantageous because of its already well understood base-paring and annealing qualities. These base-pairing and annealing qualities can be used to design and construct DNA nanostructures called DNA origami. DNA origami are specially designed structures made from single stranded DNA. Short single stranded DNA oligonucleotides called staple strands attach to a large single stranded DNA called a DNA scaffold. DNA staple strands and DNA scaffold anneal to each other and fold into DNA origami. Constructing DNA origami is advantageous because structures can be made in a single folding step. In particular, bar-shaped DNA origami has proven to be a promising structure for nanoelectronics fabrication. Here, I present new research done to improve bar-shaped DNA origami design and fabrication for constructing bottom-up self-assembled templates for nanomaterial surface attachment. Furthermore, this work presents new methods for DNA origami agarose gel purification with the help of the DNA stabilizing molecule, 4'-aminomethyltrioxsalen (AMT). AMT is a photoreactive molecule that intercalates DNA and creates covalent crosslinks when irradiated by short wavelength ultraviolet light. Also, this work contains new research on a synthesized crosslinker and its role with AMT in nanoparticle surface seeding on DNA origami nanowire templates. Through its crosslinking properties, AMT serves as a DNA origami stabilizing molecule and also shows potential for seeding nanomaterials.

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Wang, Jing. "DNA-Origami Templated Formation of Liposomes and Related Structures." Thesis, Yale University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3582201.

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We have developed novel techniques for manufacturing vesicles with predefined attachments to scaffolds of DNA, and have studied the underlying mechanism(s) of this DNA directed vesicle formation by capturing intermediates. These DNA scaffolds are self-assembled by the origami method, which can use DNA as a programmable building block to form diverse structures: two-dimensional crystals, nanotubes, and three-dimensional wireframe nanopolyhedra [1-5].

Nano-templated vesicles are prepared using rigid rings of bundled DNA. Single phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) lipids are coupled to these rings first by covalent conjugation with an oligonucleotide (oligo) "anti-handle", then by that oligo's sequence-specific hybridization to one of several (0, 1, 2, ..., 16) single-stranded "handles" on the DNA ring, designed to protrude from its interior. Vesicles are then formed in a solution of these ring complexes, excess phospholipid and detergent as the detergent is dialyzed away over several hours. Micelles preferentially nucleate around the alkyl chain of each PE inside the ring, and their growth during dialysis determines the volume of lipid in the final structures formed. Ring-PE lipid-vesicles bear exactly one ring per vesicle in characteristic transmission electron micrographs, with a size close to the inner diameter of its ring template.

Chapter 1 provides an overview of the significance and roles of engineering membranes in vitro. Biological membranes are incredibly complex, which in turn makes studying structure and function of membrane protein difficult in the absence of an artificial bilayer. Even more so, current limitations of producing high quality liposomes with reproducible techniques are placing more strain on elucidating the mechanisms of reconstitution. However, the emergence of the field of DNA Origami in 2006 truly revolutionized the limitless abilities to create 2D and 3D structures with function. We took advantage of this field by developing geometries to facilitate membrane growth.

Chapter 2 reports a new method for templating vesicles with a uniform size and shape using DNA origami rings bearing inner handles facing 0° to the center. DNA origami rings of varying diameters can be designed with functional handles for templating the "Saturn" structure. Once the method was established, rings of varying handle angles were synthesized to determine their effects on the final vesicle structures.

Chapter 3 explores the parameters that affect the quantity of lipids assembling inside the template. These include ultracentrifugation time, detergent to lipid ratio, and dialysis conditions. In order to elucidate the mechanism of formation of our final templated structures, we performed mechanistic studies on 60-nm rings, systematically varying the initial number of lipid molecules anchored inside each ring. The capture of crucial intermediates: circular thin lipidic membrane, lipid bilayer torus, continuous outer bilayer, and seeded small unilamellar vesicles helped us understand how the vesicles are formed.

Chapter 4 summarizes the main results of the thesis and provides future prospectives on the potential expansion of DNA origami technology. A handful of new opportunities are presented based on control in the organization of DNA materials. Taking advantage of this machinery and applying it to the central problems in engineering, biology, chemistry, physics, and medicine will allow the field to elevate to the next level with promises of becoming a vital area of research.

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Bell, Nicholas Andrew William. "DNA origami nanopores and single molecule transport through nanocapillaries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648810.

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Turowski, Daniel J. "Assembly and characterization of mesoscale DNA material systems based on periodic DNA origami arrays." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374169645.

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Wickham, Shelley. "DNA origami : a substrate for the study of molecular motors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.561126.

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DNA origami is a method for constructing 2-dimensional nanostructures with arbitrary shapes, by folding a long piece of viral genomic DNA into an extended pattern (Rothemund, 2006). In this thesis DNA origami nanostructures that in- corporate active transport are developed, by combining rectangular DNA origami tiles with either synthetic DNA motors, or the protein motor F1-ATPase. The transport of an autonomous, unidirectional, and processive 'burnt-bridges' DNA motor across an extended linear track anchored to a DNA origami tile is demonstrated. Ensemble fluorescence measurements are used to characterise motor transport, and are compared to a simple deterministic model of stepping. The motor moves 100 nm along a track at 0.1 nms-1 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to study the transport of individual motor molecules along the track with single-step resolution. A DNA origami track for a 'two-foot' DNA motor is also developed, and is characterised by AFM and ensemble fluorescence measurements. The burnt-bridges DNA motor is then directed through a track network with either 1 or 3 bifurcations. Ensemble fluorescence measurements demonstrate that the path taken can be controlled by the addition of external control strands, or pre-programmed into the motor. A method for attaching the rotary motor protein F1-ATPase to DNA origami tiles is developed. Different bulk and single-molecule methods for demonstrat- ing protein binding are explored. Single-molecule observations of rotation of the protein motor on a DNA origami substrate are made, and are of equivalent data quality to existing techniques.

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Stein, Ingo. "DNA origami as a tool for single-molecule fluorescence studies." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-144789.

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Nickels, Philipp [Verfasser], and Tim [Akademischer Betreuer] Liedl. "Force spectroscopy with DNA origami / Philipp Nickels ; Betreuer: Tim Liedl." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132510945/34.

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Kramer, Markus [Verfasser]. "Studien zur kovalenten Vernetzung von DNA-Origami-Strukturen / Markus Kramer." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155056760/34.

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Teshome, Bezuayehu, Stefan Facsko, and Adrian Keller. "Topography-controlled alignment of DNA origami nanotubes on nanopatterned surfaces." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36286.

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The controlled positioning of DNA nanostructures on technologically relevant surfaces represents a major goal along the route toward the full-scale integration of DNA-based materials into nanoelectronic and sensor devices. Previous attempts to arrange DNA nanostructures into defined arrays mostly relied on top-down lithographic patterning techniques combined with chemical surface functionalization. Here we combine two bottom-up techniques for nanostructure fabrication, i.e., self-organized nanopattern formation and DNA origami self-assembly, in order to demonstrate the electrostatic self-alignment of DNA nanotubes on topographically patterned silicon surfaces. Self-organized nanoscale ripple patterns with periodicities ranging from 20 nm to 50 nm are fabricated by low-energy ion irradiation and serve as substrates for DNA origami adsorption. Electrostatic interactions with the charged surface oxide during adsorption direct the DNA origami nanotubes to the ripple valleys and align them parallel to the ripples. By optimizing the pattern dimensions and the Debye length of the adsorption buffer, we obtain an alignment yield of ~70%. Since this novel and versatile approach does not rely on any chemical functionalization of the surface or the DNA nanotubes, it can be applied to virtually any substrate material and any top-down or bottom-up nanopatterning technique. This technique thus may enable the wafer-scale fabrication of ordered arrays of functional DNA-based nanowires.

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Westover, Tyler Richard. "Electrical Characterization and Annealing of DNA Origami Templated Gold Nanowires." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8396.

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DNA origami templates have been studied due the versatility of shapes that can be designed and their compatibility with various materials. This has potential for future electronic applications. This work presents studies performed on the electrical properties of DNA origami templated gold nanowires. Using a DNA origami tile, gold nanowires are site specifically attached in a “C” shape, and with the use of electron beam induced deposition of metal, electrically characterized. These wires are electrically conductive with resistivities as low as 4.24 x 10-5 Ω-m. During moderate temperature processing nanowires formed on DNA origami templates are shown to be affected by the high surface mobility of metal atoms. Annealing studies of DNA origami gold nanowires are conducted, evaluating the effects of atom surface mobility at various temperatures. It is shown that the nanowires separate into individual islands at temperatures as low as 180° C. This work shows that with the use of a polymer template the temperature at which island formation occurs can be raised to 210° C. This could allow for post processing techniques that would otherwise not be possible.

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Miller, Carl A. "Control of Dynamic DNA Origami Mechanisms Using Integrated Functional Components." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429812012.

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NGO, ANH TIEN. "Construction of An Artificial Metabolic Channeling System on DNA Origami." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199413.

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Tokura, Yu [Verfasser]. "Design of polymer nanoarchitectures by DNA origami technology / Yu Tokura." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1154856380/34.

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Kielar, Charlotte [Verfasser]. "DNA origami nanostructures in biomedicine: Beyond drug delivery / Charlotte Kielar." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215177186/34.

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Yamamoto, Seigi. "Design and Evaluation of DNA Nano-devices Using DNA Origami Method and Fluorescent Nucleobase Analogues." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215338.

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Mollica, Molly Y. "DNA Origami Breadboard: A Platform for Cell Activation and Cell Membrane Functionalization." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461163132.

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Zhou, Lifeng. "Design Modeling and Analysis of Compliant and Rigid-Body DNA Origami Mechanisms." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492793740662906.

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Johnson, Joshua A. Dr. "Control of DNA Origami from Self-Assembly to Higher-Order Assembly." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1577996668813983.

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Schüller, Verena. "DNA origami structures for applications in single molecule spectroscopy and nanomedicine." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-157179.

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Roller, Eva-Maria [Verfasser], and Tim [Akademischer Betreuer] Liedl. "DNA origami templated plasmonic nanostructures / Eva-Maria Roller ; Betreuer: Tim Liedl." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1176971840/34.

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Hemmig, Elisa Alina. "DNA origami structures for artificial light-harvesting and optical voltage sensing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/274005.

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In the past decade, DNA origami self-assembly has been widely applied for creating customised nanostructures with base-pair precision. In this technique, the unique chemical addressability of DNA can be harnessed to create programmable architectures, using components ranging from dye or protein molecules to metallic nanoparticles. In this thesis, we apply DNA nanotechnology for developing novel light-harvesting and optical voltage sensing nano-devices. We use the programmable positioning of dye molecules on a DNA origami plate as a mimic of a light-harvesting antenna complex required for photosynthesis. Such a structure allows us to systematically analyse optimal design concepts using different dye arrangements. Complementary to this, we use the resistive-pulse sensing technique in a range of electrolytes to characterise the mechanical responses of DNA origami structures to the electric field applied. Based on this knowledge, we assemble voltage responsive DNA origami structures labelled with a FRET pair. These undergo controlled structural changes upon application of an electric field that can be detected through a change in FRET efficiency. Such a DNA-based device could ultimately be used as a sensitive voltage sensor for live-cell imaging of transmembrane potentials.

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Kucinic, Anjelica. "Reconfiguration, actuation, and higher order complexity of dynamic DNA origami assemblies." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587726893405925.

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Aryal, Basu Ram. "Bottom-Up Fabrication and Characterization of DNA Origami-Templated Electronic Nanomaterials." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9041.

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This work presents the bottom-up fabrication of DNA origami-assembled metal nanowires and metal-semiconductor junctions, and their electrical characterization. Integration of metal and semiconductor nanomaterials into prescribed sites on self-assembled DNA origami has facilitated the fabrication of electronic nanomaterials, whereas use of conventional tools in their characterization combines bottom-up and top-down technologies. To expand the contemporary DNA-based nanofabrication into nanoelectronics, I performed site-specific metallization of DNA origami to create arbitrarily arranged gold nanostructures. I reported improved yields and conductivity measurements for Au nanowires created on DNA origami tile substrates. I measured the conductivity of C-shaped Au nanowires created on DNA tiles (âˆ¼130 nm long, 10 nm diameter, and 40 nm spacing between measurement points) with a four-point measurement technique which revealed the resistivity of the gold nanowires was as low as 4.24 Ã— 10-5 Î© m. Next, I fabricated DNA origami-templated metal-semiconductor junctions and performed electrical characterization. Au and Te nanorods were attached to DNA origami in an alternating fashion. Electroless gold plating was used to create nanoscale metal--semiconductor interfaces by filling the gaps between Au and Te nanorods. Two-point electrical characterization indicated that the Au--Te--Au junctions were electrically connected, with non-linear current--voltage curves. Finally, I formed metal-semiconductor nanowires on DNA origami by annealing polymer-encased nanorods. Polymer-coated Au and Te nanorods pre-attached to ribbon-shaped DNA origami were annealed at 170°C for 2 min. Gold migration occurred onto Te nanorods during annealing and established electrically continuous interfaces to give Au/Te nanowires. Electrical characterization of these Au/Te/Au assemblies revealed both nonlinear current-voltage curves and linear plots that are explained. The creation of electronic nanomaterials such as metal nanowires and metal-semiconductor junctions on DNA origami with multiple techniques advances DNA nanofabrication as a promising path toward future bottom-up fabrication of nanoelectronics.

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Gates, Elisabeth Pound. "Self-Assembled DNA Origami Templates for the Fabrication of Electronic Nanostructures." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4000.

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An important goal of nanoscience is the self-assembly of nanoscale building blocks into complex nanostructures. DNA is an important and versatile building block for nanostructures because of its small size, predictable base pairing, and numerous sequence possibilities. I use DNA origami to design and fold DNA into predesigned shapes, to assemble thin, branched DNA nanostructures as templates for nanoscale metal features. Using a PCR-based scaffold strand generation procedure, several wire-like nanostructures with varying scaffold lengths were assembled. In addition, more complex prototype circuit element structures were designed and assembled, demonstrating the utility of this technique in creating complex templates. My fabrication method for DNA-templated nanodevices involves a combination of techniques, including: solution assembly of the DNA templates, surface orientation and placement, and selective nanoparticle attachment to form nanowires with designed gaps for the integration of semiconducting elements to incorporate transistor functionality. To demonstrate selective surface placement of DNA templates, DNA origami structures have been attached between gold nanospheres assembled into surface arrays. The DNA structures attached with high selectivity and density on the surfaces. In a similar base-pairing technique, 5 nm gold nanoparticles were aligned and attached to specific locations along DNA templates and then plated to form continuous metallic wires. The nanoparticles packed closely, through the use of a high density of short nucleotide attachment sequences (8 nucleotides), enabling a median gap size of 4.1 nm between neighboring nanoparticles. Several conditions, including hybridization time, magnesium ion concentration, ratio of nanoparticles to DNA origami, and age of the nanoparticle solution were explored to optimize the nanoparticle attachment process to enable thinner wires. These small, branched nanowires, along with the future addition of semiconducting elements, such as carbon nanotubes, could enable the formation of high-density self-assembled nanoscale electronic circuits.

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MASCIOTTI, VALENTINA. "Design of an environment-indipendent, tunable 3D DNA-origami plasmonic sensor." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2919796.

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DNA origami nanotechnology engineers DNA as the building blocks of newly conceived self-assembled materials and devices. Due to its high degree of customization and its precise spatial addressability, DNA origami provides an unmatched platform for nanoscale structures and devices design. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have been largely investigated because of their peculiar optical properties and in particular their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) that modifies significantly the electromagnetic environment in a thin shell around them, and provides a tool with unrivalled potential to tune the local optical properties. The combination of DNA origami frameworks and AuNP into DNA based-plasmonic nanostructures offers a concrete approach for optical properties engineering. It has been successfully applied to design biosensor and to enhance Raman scattering or fluorescence emission. Moreover, it has been exploited to design molecular ruler in which the inter-particle gap is controlled with nanometric precision through the transduction of the conformational changes into univocally detectable optical signals. In this thesis I present my PhD work which aims at the design of an environment-independent AuNP decorated-DNA origami. A tetrahedral DNA shape structure has been selected for its three dimensional robustness and thus a DNA origami prototype has been assembled, characterized with SEM, TEM and AFM to verify the proper folding of the structure. The origami was equipped with an actuator probe which recognizes a specific target oligonucleotide inducing a structural reconfiguration of the tetrahedron. To detect the conformational change triggered by the hybridization event, I functionalized the origami with two gold nanoparticles placed in two opposite facets at a known distance of 10 nm: the change of the interparticle gap is effectively transduced in a LSPR shift. This working principle has been verified with optical extinction measurements and the interparticle distance reduction has been confirmed by SEM imaging and SAXS analysis performed in the SAXS beamline of Elettra Synchrotron, thus confirming that the operation of the device and its transduction mechanism are the same no matter of the external conditions, being them dry, liquid or solid.

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Derr, Nathan Dickson. "Coordination of Individual and Ensemble Cytoskeletal Motors Studied Using Tools from DNA Nanotechnology." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10889.

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The cytoskeletal molecular motors kinesin-1 and cytoplasmic dynein drive many diverse functions within eukaryotic cells. They are responsible for numerous spatially and temporally dependent intracellular processes crucial for cellular activity, including cytokinesis, maintenance of sub-cellular organization and the transport of myriad cargos along microtubule tracks. Cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin-1 are processive, but opposite polarity, homodimeric motors; they each can take hundreds of thousands of consecutive steps, but do so in opposite directions along their microtubule tracks. These steps are fueled by the binding and hydrolysis of ATP within the homodimer's two identical protomers. Individual motors achieve their processivity by maintaining asynchrony between the stepping cycles of each protomer, insuring that at least one protomer always maintains contact with the track. How dynein coordinates the asynchronous stepping activity of its protomers is unknown. We developed a versatile method for assembling Saccharomyces cerevisiae dynein heterodimers, using complementary DNA oligonucleotides covalently linked to dynein monomers labeled with different organic fluorophores. Using two-color, single-molecule microscopy and high-precision, two-dimensional tracking, we found that dynein has a highly variable stepping pattern that is distinct from all other processive cytoskeletal motors, which use "hand-over-hand" mechanisms. Uniquely, dynein stepping is stochastic when its two motor domains are close together. However, coordination emerges as the distance between motor domains increases, implying that a tension-based mechanism governs these steps. Many cellular cargos demonstrate bidirectional movement due to the presence of ensembles of both cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin-1. To investigate the mechanisms that coordinate the interactions between motors within an ensemble, we constructed programmable synthetic cargos using three-dimensional DNA origami. This system enables varying numbers of DNA oligonucleotide-linked motors to be attached to the synthetic cargo, allowing for control of motor type, number, spacing, and orientation in vitro. In ensembles of one to seven identical- polarity motors, we found that motor number had minimal effect on directional velocity, whereas ensembles of opposite-polarity motors engaged in a tug-of-war resolvable by disengaging one motor species.

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Ma, Zhipeng. "Characterization of Self-Assembly Dynamics and Mechanical Properties of DNA Origami Nanostructures." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217167.

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Luu, Minh Tri. "DNA barrel nanostructure - a programmable building block for hierarchical self-assembly." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26725.

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DNA nanostructures with complex structures and functions are emerging as promising tools for realising new applications, such as nanorobotics and advanced materials. To date, the complexity achieved is still limited, due to shortcomings associated with current self-assembly methods. This thesis presents a new assembly scheme to build more complex nanostructures. DNA barrel nanostructures were used as 3D voxels to build up superstructures. A literature nanostructure design was adopted and improved for use in the proposed hierarchical assembly strategy. Modified barrel nanostructures (referred to as DNA origami brick or DOB) have two-barrel subunits connected laterally. An additional lateral connection motif was developed to assemble DOBs in 2D x-y dimensions. An assembly line (AL) was developed to build arbitrary superstructures using DOB building blocks. The designed lateral motif was used for all x-y connections, while assembly in the z-direction was accomplished utilising a literature connection motif. The proposed AL comprised three integrated modules: 1/shape design, 2/sequence design, and 3/assembly protocol design. Arbitrary 2D and 3D assemblies were successfully built using the proposed AL. Additional analysis (such as particle averaging) was carried out to validate structural features of built superstructures against AL predictions. Structural switching was integrated into DOB units for potentially achieving even more complex superstructures. A motif was designed to reversibly transform DOB units between coaxial and lateral stage upon triggering using strand displacement reactions. The transformation was successfully facilitated by DNA dissociation and hybridisation, to disrupt and form different connections, respectively. An additional stimulation was proposed based on nanoparticle heating effects when iron oxide or gold nanoparticles were exposed to radio-frequency (RF) fields or waves. Preliminary results showed RF energy from an alternating magnetic field is a potential trigger stimulus.

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Goodman, Brian Kruzick. "Investigating Cytoskeletal Motor Mechanisms using DNA Nanotechnology." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11222.

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The microtubule cytoskeleton plays a vital role in the spatial-temporal organization of subcellular cargo required to maintain homeostasis and direct cell division. Cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin are opposite-polarity, microtubule-based motors that transport a wide variety of cargo throughout eukaryotic cells. While much is known about the stepping mechanism of kinesin from decades of study, cytoplasmic dynein's size and complexity has limited our understanding of its underlying motor mechanism. Here, a minimal, artificially-dimerized dynein motor was observed with two-color, near-simultaneous, high-precision, single-molecule imaging, which reveals the stepping pattern of each motor domain as dynein moves along the microtubule. Although the stepping behavior appeared highly irregular and erratic, with large variability in step sizes, side stepping behavior, and back stepping behavior, dynein did show evidence of tension-based, coordinated stepping. Furthermore, advances in DNA nanotechnology enabled us to engineer a synthetic motor-cargo system, referred to as a chassis, to investigate how multiple cytoskeletal motors work in teams to produce the myriad of motile behaviors observed in vivo. Specifically, the mechanisms that coordinate motor ensemble behavior was examined using three-dimensional DNA origami to which varying numbers of DNA oligonucleotide-linked motors could be attached, allowing control of motor type, number, spacing, and orientation in vitro. Ensembles of 1-7 identical-polarity motors displayed minimal interference with respect to directional velocity, while ensembles of opposite-polarity motors engaged in a tug-of-war resolvable by disengaging one motor species. This experimental system allowed us to test directly the tug-of-war proposed to occur during dynein's delivery to the microtubule plus-end by the kinesin Kip2. This work led to the mechanistic understanding that Lis1/Pac1, CLIP170/Bik1, and EB1/Bim1 proteins function to enhance kinesin's processivity, allowing it to win a tug-of-war and transport dynein toward the microtubule plus-end. Overall, this work elucidated mechanisms of ensemble motor function and dynein's stepping mechanism in addition to building significant tools to further pave the way for future studies to elucidate how cytoskeletal motors function to organize cellular cargos.

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43

Uprety, Bibek. "Site-Specific Metallization of Multiple Metals on a Single DNA Origami Template." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8808.

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This work examines the selective deposition of two different metals on the same DNA origami template for nanofabrication. DNA, with adjustable size and shape serves as a suitable template for fabricating metal junctions in the nanometer domain via bottom-up assembly. Bottom-up assembly utilizes the recognition capability of molecules like DNA to self-assemble and form structures. In this regard, DNA origami provides a useful means for forming nanostructures by folding single-stranded DNA into different two and three dimensional shapes. Selective deposition of metal on specific locations of a DNA template is essential for making DNA-templated electronic circuits.Site-specific metallization of DNA origami templates was recently demonstrated, for a single metal at molecularly designated sites. This study addresses the next important step of depositing multiple metals on the same template. Specifically, it is an experimental study to demonstrate the gold-copper metal junction on a DNA origami template, and to understand the challenges associated with junction fabrication. DNA-templated circuit fabrication depends on the ability to deposit multiple components on a DNA template. To achieve this, a section of the DNA template was seeded with Au nanoparticles and electrolessly plated with Au. This Au plated section of the template was then masked with an organic layer to protect it from additional deposition. The remaining section of the same template was subsequently seeded with Pd and plated with copper to form the desired metal junction. This work is the first of its kind to demonstrate metal junctions on a DNA origami template. Metallized origami templates were characterized with the help of SEM imaging and EDX composition data to confirm the presence of the two different metals on the same template. In addition, a chemical “mask” was also used successfully at nanometer resolution to protect previously metallized sites (gold plated) to prevent further metal deposition. The results obtained represent important progress toward the realization of DNA-templated components for nano-circuit fabrication. The work also provides the basis for the next step to make metal-semiconductor junctions on a DNA template.

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Eickert, Gunter Erick. "Using Modular Preformed DNA Origami Building Blocks to Fold Dynamic 3D Structures." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397742084.

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Lucas, Alexandra. "Dynamic DNA motors and structures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5f0b0773-a7af-4edb-a6a2-790a0086553d.

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DNA nanotechnology uses the Watson-Crick base-pairing of DNA to self-assemble structures at the nanoscale. DNA nanomachines are active structures that take energy from the system to drive a programmed motion. In this thesis, a new design for a reversible DNA motor and an automatically regenerating track is presented. Ensemble fluorescence measurements observe motors walking along the same 42nm track three times. A second new motor was designed to allow motors on intersecting tracks to block each other, which can be used to perform logical computation. Multiple design approaches are discussed. The chosen approach showed limited success during ensemble fluorescence measurements. The 'burnt bridges' motor originally introduced by Bath et al. 2005 was also sent down tracks placed along the inside of stacked origami tubes that are able to polymerise to micrometre lengths. Preliminary optical microscopy experiments show promise in using such a system for observing micrometre motor movement. Scaffold-based DNA origami is the technique of folding a long single-stranded DNA strand into a specific shape by adding small staple strands that hold it in place. Extended staple strands can be modified to functionalise the origami surface. In this thesis, the threading of staple extensions through a freely-floating origami tile was observed using single-molecule FÃ¶rster resonance energy transfer (smFRET). Threading was reduced by bracing the bottom of the extension or by using a multilayered origami. smFRET was also used to investigate the process of staple repair, whereby a missing staple is added to a pre-formed origami missing the staple. This was found to be successful when the staple is single-stranded, and imperfect when partially double-stranded. Finally the idea for a new "DNA cage", a dynamic octahedron called the "Holliday Octahedron", is presented. The octahedron is made of eight strands, one running around each face. Mobile Holliday junctions at each face allow the stands to rotate causing a conformational change.

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Sandén, Camilla. "Nanostructures on a Vector : Enzymatic Oligo Production for DNA Nanotechnology." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-85985.

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The technique of DNA origami utilizes the specific and limited bonding properties of DNA to fold single stranded DNA sequences of various lengths to form a predesigned structure. One longer sequence is used as a scaffold and numerous shorter sequences called staples, which are all complementary to the scaffold sequence, are used to fold the scaffold into intricate shapes. The most commonly used scaffold is derived by extracting the genome of the M13 phage and the staples are usually chemically synthesized oligonucleotides. Longer single stranded sequences are difficult to synthesize with high specificity, which limits the choices of scaffold sequences available. In this project two main methods of single stranded amplification, Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) and the usage of helper phages, were explored with the goal to produce both a 378 nt scaffold and staple sequences needed for folding a DNA origami structure. To facilitate imaging by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of this small structure, the DNA origami structure was created to form a polymer structure. Production of the scaffold sequence in high yield was unsuccessful and no well-defined polymers were found in the folded samples, though a few results showed promise for further studies and optimizations. Due to time constraints of this project, only production of the scaffold sequence was tested. Unfortunately the scaffold produced by the helper phages was of the complementary strand to that used to design the DNA origami structure, and could therefore not be used for folding. The correct strand was produced by the RCA where the yield was too low when using Phi29 DNA polymerase for proper folding to take place, though small scale RCA by Bst DNA polymerase on the other hand showed promising results. These results indicate that the scaffold production may not be far off but still more experience in producing intermediate size oligonucleotides may be necessary before succeeding in high yield production of this 378 nt long sequence. The promise given by this production is to enable high yield, high purity, low cost and also an easily scalable process set-up. This would be an important step in future DNA nanotechnology research when moving from small scale laboratory research to large scale applications such as targeted drug delivery systems.

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Yang, Yangyang. "Artificially controllable nanodevices constructed by DNA origami technology: photofunctionalization and single molecule analysis." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188512.

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Wünsch, Bettina Verfasser], and Philip [Akademischer Betreuer] [Tinnefeld. "Fluoreszenz- und streuungsbasierte Einzelmolekülmikroskopie an DNA-Origami-Nanostrukturen / Bettina Wünsch ; Betreuer: Philip Tinnefeld." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1175816108/34.

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Khmelinskaia, Alena [Verfasser], and Petra [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwille. "DNA origami scaffolds to control lipid membrane shape / Alena Khmelinskaia ; Betreuer: Petra Schwille." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1170582761/34.

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Petrov, Eugene P., Aleksander Czogalla, Dominik J. Kauert, Ralf Seidel, and Petra Schwille. "Diffusion and freezing transition of rod-like DNA origami on freestanding lipid membranes." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-183350.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'DNA origami'

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