Academic literature on the topic 'Doctrinal Methodist Church'

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Journal articles on the topic "Doctrinal Methodist Church"

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Chapman, David. "Holiness and Order: British Methodism's Search for the Holy Catholic Church." Ecclesiology 7, no. 1 (2011): 71–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174553110x540879.

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AbstractThis article investigates British Methodism's doctrine of the Church in relation to its own ecclesial self-understanding. Methodists approach the doctrine of the Church by reflecting on their 'experience' and 'practice', rather than systematically. The article sketches the cultural and ecclesial context of Methodist ecclesiology before investigating the key sources of British Methodist doctrinal teaching on the Church: the theological legacy of John Wesley; the influence of the non-Wesleyan Methodist traditions as represented by Primitive Methodism; twentieth-century ecumenical developments; and British Methodist Faith and Order statements on the subject. The phenomenon of 'emerging expressions of Church' makes the question of the nature and location of the Church pertinent at the present time for all Christian traditions.
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Turner, Philip. "Living Theology: Methodists Respond to a Call to Holiness." Holiness 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/holiness-2020-0002.

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Abstract The doctrinal standards of the Methodist Church in Britain assert a vocation of holiness yet what is unclear is the strategy through which this vocation might be enabled. The author outlines research that describes diverse responses to holiness within one particular British Methodist church. Throughout the article, the author asserts the relational nature of holiness and therefore presents an authentic and effective way for enabling local Methodist churches to engage with their Methodist doctrine through local and rooted relationships joining together in spiritual exploration and sharing in God's ministry.
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Wellings, Martin. "Renewing Methodist Evangelicalism: the Origins and Development of the Methodist Revival Fellowship." Studies in Church History 44 (2008): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042420840000365x.

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When the Wesleyan, Primitive and United Methodist Connexions combined in 1932 to form the Methodist Church of Great Britain, much was made of their shared evangelical heritage. The doctrinal clause of the founding Deed of Union affirmed that the Connexion ‘ever remembers that in the Providence of God Methodism was raised up to spread Scriptural Holiness through the land by the proclamation of the Evangelical Faith and declares its unfaltering resolve to be true to its Divinely appointed mission.’
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Clarke, Martin V. "The Illingworth Moor Singers' Book: A Snapshot of Methodist Music in the Early Nineteenth Century." Nineteenth-Century Music Review 7, no. 1 (June 2010): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409800001154.

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Congregational song occupies a central place in the history of Methodism and offers an insight into the theological, doctrinal, cultural and educational principles and practices of the movement. The repertoire, performance styles and musical preferences in evidence across Methodism at different points in its history reflect the historical influences that shaped it, the frequent tensions that emerged between local practices and the movement's hierarchy and the disputes that led to a proliferation of breakaway groups during the nineteenth century. The focus of this article will be the implicit tension between the evidence of local practice contained within the Illingworth Moor Singers' Book, which forms part of the archives at Mount Zion Methodist Church and Heritage Centre, near Halifax, UK, and the repertoire and performance practice advocated by John Wesley in the latter part of the eighteenth century. While the study of a single, locally produced collection cannot be regarded as representative of wider practices, it is nonetheless useful in highlighting the need for a more nuanced approach to the history of Methodist music, which takes account of local circumstances and practices.
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Weaver, Andrew J., Jack W. Berry, and Stephen M. Pittel. "Ego Development in Fundamentalist and Nonfundamentalist Protestants." Journal of Psychology and Theology 22, no. 3 (September 1994): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164719402200307.

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This study was designed to investigate the comparative ego development, religious orientation, and doctrinal beliefs of three Protestant groups: life-long fundamentalists (n=25), fundamentalist converts (n=25), and nonfundamentalist converts (n=25). Subjects from the Southern Baptist Church (fundamentalists) and United Methodist Church (nonfundamentalists) were used. Three instruments were employed: the Wiggins Content Scale of Religious Fundamentalism from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Loevinger's Washington University Sentence Completion Test of Ego Development, and Allport's Religious Orientation Scale. The fundamentalist and nonfundamentalist groups were doctrinally different; however, the groups did not differ in levels of ego development. The two fundamentalist groups scored higher on Allport's measure of intrinsic religious orientation. Methodological suggestions were made for future research of fundamentalists.
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Turner. "A Vocation of Holiness: A Practitioner Rereads the Doctrinal Standards of the British Methodist Church." Wesley and Methodist Studies 13, no. 1 (2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/weslmethstud.13.1.0069.

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Kennedy, David J. "A Kind of Liturgical ARCIC? The Ecumenical Potential of the four Eucharistic Prayers of Rite A in The Alternative Service Book 1980." Scottish Journal of Theology 44, no. 1 (February 1991): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600025230.

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This essay originated as a contribution to the joint course on eucharistic theology and practice for St Mary's Seminary, Oscott, and The Queen's College in Birmingham. Its purpose was to highlight, in a context in which Roman Catholic, Methodist, United Reformed, and Church of England ordinands were considering divergent approaches to the eucharist, that many of the questions were faced by the Church of England internally because of its doctrinal breadth. The Eucharistic Prayers of The Alternative Service Book 1980, therefore, can almost be regarded as ‘agreed statements’, but in the setting of worship and as a means of worship, and so are worthy to be set alongside purely theological statements such as the Final Report of ARCIC 1 or the WCC document Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry as a liturgical contribution to the continuing ecumenical debate.
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Van Dyken, Tamara J. "Worship Wars, Gospel Hymns, and Cultural Engagement in American Evangelicalism, 1890–1940." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 27, no. 2 (2017): 191–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2017.27.2.191.

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AbstractThis article argues that gospel hymnody was integral to the construction of modern evangelicalism. Through an analysis of the debate over worship music in three denominations, the Methodist Episcopal Church, the Christian Reformed Church, and the Reformed Church in America, from 1890–1940, I reveal how worship music was essential to the negotiation between churchly tradition and practical faith, between institutional authority and popular choice that characterized the twentieth-century “liberal/conservative” divide. While seemingly innocuous, debates over the legitimacy of gospel hymns in congregational worship were a significant aspect of the increasing theological, social, and cultural divisions within denominations as well as between evangelicals more broadly. Gospel hymnody became representative of a newly respectable, nonsectarian, and populist evangelicalism that stressed individualized salvation and personal choice, often putting it at odds with doctrinal orthodoxy and church tradition. These songs fostered an imagined community of conservative evangelicals, one whose formation rested on personal choice and whose authority revolved around a network of nondenominational organizations rather than an institutional body. At the same time, denominational debates about gospel hymnody reveal the fluid nature of the conservative/liberal binary and the complicated relationship between evangelicalism and modernism generally. While characterizations of “liberal” and “conservative” tend to emphasize biblical interpretation, the inclusion of worship music and style complicates this narrow focus. As is evident through the case studies, denominations typically categorized as theologically liberal or conservative also incorporated both traditional and modern elements of worship.
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Lewis, Simon. "A ‘Diversity of Passions and Humours’: Early anti-methodist literature as a disguise for heterodoxy." Literature & History 26, no. 1 (May 2017): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306197317695409.

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This article explores the way in which early anti-Methodist literature was utilised as a disguise for heterodoxy. It draws particular attention to Thomas Whiston, an Anglican divine, who published a polemic in 1740, entitled The Important Doctrines of Original Sin, Justification by Faith, and Regeneration. Whiston advertised this tract as an attack on the Methodists and their perceived ally, William Law. However, this paper argues that anti-Methodism was merely a smokescreen which enabled Whiston to profess his loyalty to the established Church, while he advanced various heterodox views. Whiston's controversial opinions included his rejection of the Augustinian doctrine of original sin, along with his subtle show of support for the annihilationist views which his uncle, William Whiston, had recently expressed in The Eternity of Hell Torments (1740). Crucially, such views were repugnant, not only to Methodists, but also to numerous High Churchmen who similarly despised evangelical ‘enthusiasm’.
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Madden, Deborah. "Medicine and Moral Reform: The Place of Practical Piety in John Wesley's Art of Physic." Church History 73, no. 4 (December 2004): 741–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700073030.

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It was the Primitive Christians of the “purest ages” who inspired and encouraged the Methodist leader, John Wesley, to create a movement based on his vision of the ancient Church. Wesley was convinced that Methodist doctrine, discipline, and depth of piety came nearer to the Primitive Church than to any other group. Methodism, he argued in his sermon forLaying the Foundation of the New Chapelin 1777, was the “old religion, the religion of the Bible, the religion of the Primitive Church.”
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Doctrinal Methodist Church"

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Lohrstorfer, Christopher Lee. "Teaching Wesleyan theology a study of Wesleyan-related Bible colleges and Maddox's Responsible grace /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

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Perry, Clifton Scott. "Developing denominational identity in the youth of an Air Force chapel community." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.

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Price, James F. "A continuing education seminar introducing United Methodist pastors to the doctrine of biblical inerrancy." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.

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White, James W. "The doctrine of Christian perfection its historic and contemporary relevance for Methodism /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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Tooley, W. Andrew. "Reinventing redemption : the Methodist doctrine of atonement in Britain and America in the 'long nineteenth century'." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20230.

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This thesis examines the controversy surrounding the doctrine of atonement among transatlantic Methodist during the Victorian and Progressive Eras. Beginning in the eighteenth century, it establishes the dominant theories of the atonement present among English and American Methodists and the cultural-philosophical worldview Methodists used to support these theories. It then explores the extent to which ordinary and influential Methodists throughout the nineteenth century carried forward traditional opinions on the doctrine before examining in closer detail the controversies surrounding the doctrine at the opening of the twentieth century. It finds that from the 1750s to the 1830s transatlantic Methodists supported a range of substitutionary views of the atonement, from the satisfaction and Christus Victor theories to a vicarious atonement with penal emphases. Beginning in the 1830s and continuing through the 1870s, transatlantic Methodists embraced features of the moral government theory, with varying degrees, while retaining an emphasis on traditional substitutionary theories. Methodists during this period were indebted to an Enlightenment worldview. Between 1880 and 1914 transatlantic Methodists gradually accepted a Romantic philosophical outlook with the result that they began altering their conceptions of the atonement. Methodists during this period tended to move in three directions. Progressive Methodists jettisoned prevailing views of the atonement preferring to embrace the moral influence theory. Mediating Methodists challenged traditionally constructed theories for similar reasons but tended to support a theory in which God was viewed as a friendlier deity while retaining substitutionary conceptions of the atonement. Conservatives took a custodial approach whereby traditional conceptions of the atonement were vehemently defended. Furthermore, that transatlantic Methodists were involved in significant discussions surrounding the revision of their theology of atonement in light of modernism in the years surrounding 1900 contributed to their remaining on the periphery of the Fundamentalist-Modernist in subsequent decades.
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Royals, Gary C. "The decline of God a model for understanding Christian doctrine in the local United Methodist Church /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.

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Owenby, Michael Jerome. "Developing worship leadership through the application of the doctrine of the priesthood of all believers at Mary Esther United Methodist Church, Mary Esther, Florida." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), access this title online, 2006. http://www.tren.com.

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Barbosa, Mara Aparecida Freitas. "Doutrina e prática sociais conforme relatórios episcopais na segunda região eclesiástica da Igreja Metodista - 1990 a 2011." Faculdades EST, 2013. http://tede.est.edu.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=473.

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A presente dissertação de mestrado profissional trata da seguinte temática: a doutrina social na Igreja Metodista brasileira a partir da Segunda Região Eclesiástica. O tema de pesquisa foi circunscrito dentro de um recorte bibliográfico e histórico sobre os relatórios episcopais aos Concílios da Segunda Região Eclesiástica, no período de 1990 a 2011. Procurou-se analisar estes documentos à luz da teologia metodista de John Wesley, que acentua que o Evangelho não se comunica somente através de palavras - escritos, sermões e estudos. A palavra (escrita ou falada) deve ser acompanhada por ações (agir). Aliar palavra com ação é o desafio que está diante do povo metodista. Tendo em vista os pressupostos teóricos da doutrina social no metodismo, procurou-se intentar algumas conclusões, dentre as quais destacamos: o surgimento de manifestações de inconformidade com a acomodação da Igreja e com a incoerência de lideranças em relação aos ensinamentos de Wesley no período da ditadura militar (1964-1985). Este movimento conduziu à formulação de documentos de orientação à Igreja como o Credo Social, os Planos Quadrienais e o Plano para a Vida e a Missão da Igreja. A partir dos anos 1990 é visível um gradativo descuido por este aspecto essencial do metodismo que é o compromisso com o social. A posição dos bispos se manifesta tanto na parte teórica de seus relatórios quanto nas ênfases de ações missionárias que não revelam incluir o compromisso com as questões sociais. Por fim, e não menos importante, apontamos para o desafio de recuperar a teologia metodista que alia ação evangelística com ação social, além da vivência prática e comunitária do lema que orienta o metodismo brasileiro: Igreja comunidade missionária a serviço do povo.
This professional Masters dissertation deals with the following theme: the social doctrine in the Brazilian Methodist Church based in the Second Ecclesiastical Region. The research theme was confined within a bibliographic and historical cropping of the episcopal reports to the Councils of the Second Ecclesiastical Region, in the period of 1990 to 2011. An attempt was made to analyze these documents in the light of the Methodist theology of John Wesley, which focuses on the fact that the Gospel does not communicate itself only through words writings, sermons and studies. The word (written and spoken) must be accompanied by actions (to act). To ally word with action is the challenge before the Methodist people. Keeping the theoretical presuppositions of the social doctrine in Methodism in mind, one tried to offer some conclusions, within which we highlight: the emerging of manifestations of inconformity with the churchs accommodation and with the incoherence of the leaders with regard to the teachings of Wesley during the period of the military dictatorship (1964-1985). This movement led to the formulation of orientation documents for the church such as the Social Creed, the Quadrennial Plans and the Plan for the Life and the Mission of the Church. As of the 1990s one is able to see the gradual neglect of this essential aspect of Methodism which is the commitment to the social. The bishops position is manifested in the theoretical part of their reports as well as in the emphases on missionary actions which do not reveal the inclusion of the commitment to the social issues. In the end, but not the least, we point out the challenge of recovering the Methodist theology which allies evangelistic action with social action, besides the practical and congregational experience of the theme which orients Brazilian Methodism: Church missionary congregation at the service of the people.
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Yong, Amos. "From Pietism to Pluralism: Boston Personalism and the Liberal Era in American Methodist Theology, 1876-1953." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3089.

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Boston personalism has generally been recognized as a philosophic system based upon a metaphysical idealism. What is less known, however, is that the founder of this school of thought and some of the major contributors to the early development of this tradition were committed members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The purpose of this study is to examine the contributions made by the early Boston personalists to the cause of theological liberalism in the Methodist Church. It will be shown that personalist philosophers and theologians at Boston University ushered in and consolidated the liberal era in Methodist theology. Further, it will be argued that the religious demands of the philosophy of personalism eventually led some members of the tradition from theological liberalism to modernism and the beginnings of a religious pluralism. In other words, the thesis of this study is that the early Boston personalists were theological innovators in the Methodist Church, leading the denomination from its nineteenth-century evangelical pietism to the modernism and pluralism that was part of mid-twentieth century American Protestantism. The focus of this study will therefore be on the first two generations of personalists at Boston University: the founder of the personalist tradition, Borden Parker Bowne, and two of his most prominent students, Albert Cornelius Knudson and Edgar Sheffield Brightman. One chapter is devoted to each of figure, focused upon the impact of their personalist philosophy and methodology on their theology and philosophy of religion, and their influence on American Methodist theology. The period this study, which commences from the time of Bowne's appointment to the Department of Philosophy at Boston University in 1876 to the death of both Knudson and Brightman in 1953, reveals how Methodism grappled with the theological implications raised by the complexities of modernity and the emerging sciences. Attention will be focused on how the philosophical method of the personalists dictated their movement from pietism toward liberalism and onto modernism and pluralism. As such, this study demonstrates the integral role played by the Boston personalist tradition in theological development during the liberal era of American Methodism.
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Bailie, John. "The impact of liberation theology on methodism in South Africa with regard to the doctrine of christian perfection." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2600.

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There is potential for a schism, within the Methodist Church of Southern Africa (MCSA) today, between Fundamentalist and Liberationist Methodists, who struggle to find common identity and vision. A question that needs examination is whether it is possible to develop an authentically, uniting Southern African Methodist Theology within the current Institutional structure of the MCSA. For this to become possible, some key areas of discussion are highlighted in this paper, such as the training of ministers and the MCSA as Institution. This paper attempts to enter into conversation between Fundamental and Liberation Methodism using the Doctrine of Christian Perfection, 'the Grand Depositum' of Methodism, as a point of reference and develop an epistemological framework based on Wesley’s 'quadrilateral' of Scripture, reason, experience and tradition. This paper takes as a standpoint the need for an authentically Southern African Methodist theology, which is both uniting and transformatory, in order for the MCSA to fulfil its vision of “A Christ Healed Africa for the Healing of Nations.”
Systematic theology and Theological Ethics
D. Th. (Systematic Testament)
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Books on the topic "Doctrinal Methodist Church"

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Davis, Scott Molly, ed. Restoring Methodism: 10 decisions for United Methodist Churches in America. Dallas [Tex.]: Provident Publishing, 2006.

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1970-, Watson David F., ed. Key United Methodist Beliefs. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2013.

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Major United Methodist beliefs. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1998.

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Major United Methodist beliefs. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1989.

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Waking from doctrinal amnesia: The healing of doctrine in the United Methodist Church. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1995.

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Yrigoyen, Charles. Belief matters: United Methodism's doctrinal standards. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2001.

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1940-, Marquardt Manfred, ed. Living grace: An outline United Methodist theology. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2001.

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Doctrinal standards in the Wesleyan tradition. Grand Rapids, MI: Francis Asbury Press, 1988.

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Heidinger, James V. United Methodist renewal: What will it take? Wilmore, KY: Bristol Books, 1988.

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John Wesley's experimental divinity: Studies in Methodist doctrinal standards. Nashville, Tenn: Kingswood Books, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Doctrinal Methodist Church"

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Garrard, Virginia. "Neopentecostalism, Marketing, and New Technologies of Self." In New Faces of God in Latin America, 191–236. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197529270.003.0006.

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Chapter 5 explores the instrumentality of South America’s megachurches, with particular emphasis on how they have translated global Pentecostal doctrines, most notably the near-magical tropes of church growth and of prosperity gospel, to address culturally specific concerns within the larger context of late modernity and neoliberalism. The churches’ tropes of evangelization, church growth, education, improved family dynamics, and other capacity-building techniques, often framed in religious language and methods, can and often do provide believers with what I call “new technologies of self” that help them cope in a secular world that they philosophically abjure. In particular, the Brazilian megadenomination Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus uses modern R&D strategies to position itself in a given spiritual marketplace, as evinced here by a case study in the church’s work among Spanish-speaking immigrants in the United States.
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Watson, Kevin M. "Becoming Bishop Simpson." In Old or New School Methodism?, 58–117. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190844516.003.0003.

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This chapter summarizes the early life and ministry of Matthew Simpson. The chapter discusses Simpson’s rise from obscurity to being elected a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The chapter focuses on Simpson’s account of his own spiritual life, particularly noting his struggle to receive the witness of the Spirit and assurance, which were key Methodist doctrines and experiences. The chapter also discusses Simpson’s time as a professor, college president, and editor of an influential Methodist periodical before being elected to the episcopacy. The chapter also highlights the importance of Simpson’s uncle in his life and the disagreement that they had over slavery, due to his uncle’s passionate commitment to abolition. The chapter places Simpson in his ecclesial context and shows his commitment to growing the Methodist Episcopal Church by appealing to as broad a group of people as possible in order to get more people and build nicer buildings (churches, parsonages, colleges, and seminaries).
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Wuthnow, Robert. "With Liberty of Conscience." In Rough Country. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691159898.003.0004.

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This chapter focuses on the practice of liberty of doctrine. By the 1920s the opportunity to practice one's faith with liberty of conscience was a theme expressed increasingly by Texas religious and political leaders. Emphasis on liberty of conscience implied freedom from any monopoly over religion by government or of government by a religion. It also favored the right and duty of the individual to make a decision about his or her faith and to relate accordingly to God. In practice, liberty of conscience deterred clergy and lay leaders from bringing their faith in an official or organized way into the political arena. Clergy continued the basic work of saving souls, preaching moral repentance, and holding worship services. They devoted themselves energetically to starting new churches and increasing the size of existing ones. These activities left little time and few resources for anything else. Baptists and Methodists fought on occasion among themselves, but the conflicts were generally over worship, doctrine, church finances, and church publications than about public policy or political campaigns.
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McCall, Thomas H., and Keith D. Stanglin. "Holiness and Hope." In After Arminius, 185–234. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190874193.003.0005.

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In Chapter 5, we note the varied reception among nineteenth-century Methodists of contemporary revisionist Christologies in relation to classical and creedal approaches. Distinctly Wesleyan understandings of salvation are then described, and the intra-Methodist disagreements and squabbles over the doctrine of sanctification are catalogued. The chapter concludes with a sketch of Wesleyan ecclesiology—including the church’s ethical witness in concrete acts of mercy and social reform—and eschatology.
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Nepstad, Sharon Erickson. "Introduction." In Catholic Social Activism, 1–14. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479885480.003.0001.

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The introduction provides an overview and history of Catholic Social Teachings and the shift toward Social Catholicism. It explains how nineteenth-century labor struggles prompted the Roman Catholic Church to address the most pressing problem of that era. It also explores key themes in these social teachings, including the dignity of workers, the common good, solidarity, the option for the poor and vulnerable, the rights of workers, peace and reconciliation, and preservation of the environment. The introduction explains the sources and methods for developing the church’s doctrines. It concludes with an explanation of “lived religion” as the framework for examining how US Catholic laypeople put these teachings into action in their everyday lives, in their communities, and in their political contexts.
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Guyer, Paul. "Freedom of Religion in Mendelssohn and Kant." In Reason and Experience in Mendelssohn and Kant, 276–301. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850335.003.0011.

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This chapter compares the two philosophers’ great arguments for separation of church and state. Mendelssohn’s argument is contained in Part I of his 1783 Jerusalem. He holds that the state and any church employ two different means to the same end, human happiness, and that the state’s coercive methods have no place in religious practice. His argument is based on the religious premise that God is pleased only by the free rather than forced convictions of humans. Kant does not treat the separation of church and state in his 1793 Religion at all, because for him religious liberty is an immediate consequence of every human’s innate right to freedom, which is both the objective but also the limit of all state power. Religious liberty can therefore be treated from a purely political point of view, as Kant does in his 1797 Doctrine of Right.
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Martin, Dale B. "Spirit." In Biblical Truths. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300222838.003.0006.

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When the subject is the Christian view of the holy spirit, it is even more difficult to find an orthodox doctrine of the spirit if the Bible is read only through the method of modern historical criticism. Read historically, the Bible does not teach a doctrine of the trinity, and the Greek word for “spirit,” pneuma, refers to many different things in the New Testament. Moreover, the pneuma was considered in the ancient world to be a material substance, though a rarified and thin form of matter. Yet those ancient notions of pneuma may help us reimagine the Christian holy spirit in new, though not at all unorthodox, ways. The spirit may then become the most corporeal person of the trinity; the most present person of the trinity; or alternatively, the most absent. The various ways the New Testament speaks of pneuma—that of the human person, or the church, of God, of Christ, and even of “this cosmos”—may provoke Christian imagination in new ways once the constraints of modernist methods of interpretation are transcended. Even the gender of the spirit becomes a provocative but fruitful meditation for postmodern Christians.
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Ritchie, Daniel. "The Year of Delusion." In Isaac Nelson, 125–84. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941282.003.0004.

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Abstract:
The title of the third chapter is the same as that of Isaac Nelson’s critique of the 1859 Revival in Ulster, The Year of Delusion. It analyses Nelson’s approach to the revival in relation to the actual history of the movement, the broader context in which the revival took place, and from the point of view of Nelson’s theological and philosophical commitments. It demonstrates that Nelson opposed the revival as an evangelical Presbyterian who was committed to the Reformed theology of the Westminster Confession in opposition to Roman Catholicism, Unitarianism, and Methodism. Furthermore, he also wrote as one who adhered to the assumptions of Common Sense Philosophy in opposition to irrationality and Romantic enthusiasm. Nelson criticised the 1859 Revival owing to its links with American proslavery revivalism, the physical manifestations that accompanied the awakening, and its impact on Reformed doctrine, church order, and morality. Nelson also wrote a historical critique of William Gibson’s official account of the revival, The Year of Grace.
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