Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Document planning'
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Brown, Richard. "Microbrachytherapy treatment planning." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30180/document.
Full textAn innovative form of radiotherapy, microbrachytherapy, is under development. This therapy targets solid, inoperable tumours by performing injections of liquid containing radioactive microspheres in suspension. Many injections are required to sufficiently cover the tumoural volume, and so to be able to deliver the position of these injections, a method of treatment planning has been developed and validated throughout this research. Throughout this work, three main questions are addressed: • How to perform the dosimetry for microbrachytherapy? • How to perform treatment planning for this modality? • What are the optimal injection properties to deliver the most efficient treatment? Microbrachytherapy dosimetry was performed by calculating the absorbed dose distribution for an injection. This distribution was then convolved at each injection position within the tumour to calculate the patient's absorbed dose distribution. Dosimetry of the tumour and the organs at risk was performed by extracting and analysing dose-volume histograms (DVHs). Once a method of dosimetry was put in place, optimisation algorithms were developed to generate patient-specific treatment plans. For this, three algorithms were tested and compared: Nelder-Mead Simplex, the Bees algorithm and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II. It was found that, thanks to its MO optimisation, the non-dominated sorting algorithm II was the most flexible, and was used preferentially. Lastly, a comparison of injection parameters was performed. It was found that between 90Y, 166Ho, 131I and 177Lu, optimal injections consisted of microspheres of 90Y. Injection volumes of 5, 10 and 20 µL and initial activities of 5, 10 and 20 MBq were tested. It was found that 20 µL injections with 20 MBq were optimal because they minimise the number of injections required. This new technology combined with developments shown in this work demonstrate the feasibility - that was validated on animals - the ability to inject liquid containing radioactive microspheres in suspension to efficiently treat inoperable tumours whilst protecting surrounding healthy tissue. Such tumours, despite still having a poor prognosis, will surely have better support in the near future
Kruse, Thibault. "Planning for human robot interaction." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30059/document.
Full textThe recent advances in robotics inspire visions of household and service robots making our lives easier and more comfortable. Such robots will be able to perform several object manipulation tasks required for household chores, autonomously or in cooperation with humans. In that role of human companion, the robot has to satisfy many additional requirements compared to well established fields of industrial robotics. The purpose of planning for robots is to achieve robot behavior that is goal-directed and establishes correct results. But in human-robot-interaction, robot behavior cannot merely be judged in terms of correct results, but must be agree-able to human stakeholders. This means that the robot behavior must suffice additional quality criteria. It must be safe, comfortable to human, and intuitively be understood. There are established practices to ensure safety and provide comfort by keeping sufficient distances between the robot and nearby persons. However providing behavior that is intuitively understood remains a challenge. This challenge greatly increases in cases of dynamic human-robot interactions, where the actions of the human in the future are unpredictable, and the robot needs to constantly adapt its plans to changes. This thesis provides novel approaches to improve the legibility of robot behavior in such dynamic situations. Key to that approach is not to merely consider the quality of a single plan, but the behavior of the robot as a result of replanning multiple times during an interaction. For navigation planning, this thesis introduces directional cost functions that avoid problems in conflict situations. For action planning, this thesis provides the approach of local replanning of transport actions based on navigational costs, to provide opportunistic behavior. Both measures help human observers understand the robot's beliefs and intentions during interactions and reduce confusion
Campana, Mylène. "Motion planning for digital actors." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30097/document.
Full textProbabilistic algorithms offer powerful possibilities as for solving motion planning problems for complex robots in arbitrary environments. However, the quality of obtained solution paths is questionable. This thesis presents a tool to optimize these paths and improve their quality. The method is based on constrained numerical optimization and on collision checking to reduce the path length while avoiding collisions. The modularity of probabilistic methods also inspired us to design a motion generation algorithm for jumping characters. This algorithm is described by three steps of motion planning, from the trajectory of the character's center to the wholebody motion. Each step benefits from the rigor of motion planning to avoid collisions and to constraint the path. We proposed physics-inspired constraints to increase the plausibility of motions, such as slipping avoidance, velocity limitation and contact maintaining. The thesis works have been implemented in the software `Humanoid Path Planner' and the graphical renderings have been done with Blender
Rahmani, Nastaran. "Planning and routing via decomposition approaches." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0141/document.
Full textStatic and deterministic vehicle routing problems cannot be used in many real-life systems, as input data are not reliable and revealedover time. In this thesis, we study a pickup and delivery problem with time windows accounting for maximum ride time constraints – the so-called diala- ride problem – in its static and dynamic variant, and we make specific proposal on robust optimization models for this problem. To solve the static model, we develop a branch-and-price approach that handles ride time constraints in the process of generating feasible vehicle routes in the course of the optimization procedure. Our work is focussed on the pricing problem solver and acceleration techniques for the branch-and-price approach. Our numerical results show that the method is competitive compared to existing approaches that are based on branch-and-cut. In the dynamic context, where some input data are revealed or modified over time, we apply our branchand- price algorithm for re-optimization in a rolling horizon approach
Savas, Aysen. "Between document and monument : architectural artifact in an age of specialized institutions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11641.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 233-250).
This dissertation is a critical analysis of the transformations in the definition of a modem architectural artifact and the artifact's changing status in an institutional context. This work develops on a series of themes which proceed on the assumption that various procedures performed by specialized institutions in architecture have been effective in the process of the definition of an architectural artifact. It starts from the proposition that transformations in the definition of architectural expressions are due to the confluence of specific institutional procedures. Since the 1970s, architectural culture was enriched with the rapid emergence and growth of a number of specialized institutions, namely, architectural museums, archives, research centers, and galleries. At the turn of the nineteenth-century, the field of architecture had witnessed a comparable process with the emergence of various architectural societies and professional organizations. Transforming the collector's practices of the enlightenment, these modern institutions sought to establish the foundations of an architectural knowledge based on documents. These institutional practices would also lead to the construction of an architectural culture based on monuments. In my study, I examine the continuation of this activity, arguing that our late twentieth-century institutions both inherited from and critically transformed these foundational projects. In the following six chapters, I examine different procedures taking place in these institutions: collecting, exhibiting, preserving, indexing, cataloguing, and instiTUtionalizing. Focusing on different materials, each thematic chapter investigates the shifts among the intellectual outcomes of these procedures. Their material and conceptual aftermath are the subject of every chapter. Each autonomous chapter is meant to gain precision from its contextual relation to the others and to the definition of the architectural artifact itself. It is not the intention of this dissertation to trace back the historical development of architectural institutions nor to choose its examples from a single geographic or historic location. Rather, by formulating the question as 'what are the intellectual consequences of a specific process and its effects on the definition of an architectural artifact?' it critically analyzes the working logic of specialized institutions in the early nineteenth and late twentieth centuries. Institutions function in the discipline not as instruments of self-powered or autonomous entities but as intellectual members of a larger cultural mechanism. Their operation regulates and is regulated by the dynamics of the discipline of architecture and is informed by a larger social framework. A concluding chapter relates the specific processes taking place in specialized institutions to disciplinary performance. It emphasizes the contradiction between process and product. This analysis will lead us to suggest that for institutionalized artifacts of architecture, there is no absolute state of being merely a document (a factual, formal, objective evidence) or a monument (a conditional, relativist, subjective interpretation). Rather, I argue that the various processes performed in specialized institutions coalesce into these two distinct statuses. This correlation suggests the integration of architectural culture into a larger cultural system.
by Aysen Savas.
Ph.D.
Kok, Henny Petra. "Treatment planning for locoregional and intraluminal hyperthermia." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2007. http://dare.uva.nl/document/46767.
Full textCao, Yu. "Long-distance procurement planning in global sourcing." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0015/document.
Full textThis research discusses procurement planning problems engaged in global sourcing. The main difficulty is caused by the geographically long distance between buyer and supplier, which results in long lead times when maritime transport is used. Customer demands of finished products usually evolve during the shipment, thus extra costs will be produced due to unpredictable overstocks or stockouts. This thesis presents adaptive planning approaches to make adequate long-distance procurement plans in a cost-efficient manner. Firstly, an adaptive procurement planning framework is presented. The framework deploys demand forecasting and optimal planning in a rolling horizon scheme. In each subhorizon, demands are assumed to follow some known distribution patterns, while the distribution parameters will be estimated based on up-to-date demand forecasts and forecast accuracy. Then a portable processing module is presented to transform the sub-horizon planning problem into an equivalent standard lot-sizing problem with stochastic demands.Secondly, optimal or near-optimal procurement planning methods are developed to minimize expected total costs including setup, inventory holding and stockout penalty in subhorizons. Two extreme stockout assumptions are considered: backorder and lost sale (or outsourcing). The proposed methods can serve as benchmarks to evaluate other methods. Numerical tests have validated the high efficiency and effectiveness of both sub-horizon planning methods and the overall adaptive planning approaches
Zhao, Ran. "Trajectory planning and control for robot manipulations." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30240/document.
Full textIn order to perform a large variety of tasks in interaction with human or in human environments, a robot needs to guarantee safety and comfort for humans. In this context, the robot shall adapt its behavior and react to the environment changes and human activities. The robots based on learning or motion planning are not able to adapt fast enough, so we propose to use a trajectory controller as an intermediate control layer in the software structure. This intermediate layer exchanges information with the low level controller and the high level planner. The proposed trajectory controller, based on the concept of Online Trajectory Generation (OTG), allows real time computation of trajectories and easy communication with the different components, including path planner, trajectory generator, collision checker and controller. To avoid the replan of an entire trajectory when reacting to a human behaviour change, the controller must allow deforming locally a trajectory or accelerate/decelerate by modifying the time function. The trajectory controller must also accept to switch from an initial trajectory to a new trajectory to follow. Cubic polynomial functions are used to describe trajectories, they provide smoothness, flexibility and computational simplicity. Moreover, to satisfy the objective of aesthetics, smoothing algorithm are proposed to produce human-like motions. This work, conducted as part of the ANR project ICARO, has been integrated and validated on the KUKA LWR robot platform of LAAS-CNRS
Li, Yuan. "Studies on collaborative transportation planning among carriers." Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0008/document.
Full textIn carrier collaboration, multiple carriers form an alliance to exchange their delivery requests for the purpose of improving profitability. In this thesis, we have studied the collaborative transportation planning (CTP) among less-than-truckload (LTL) carriers. More concretely, we have studied three sub-problems raised in this collaborative planning: the pickup and delivery problem with time windows, profits, and reserved requests (PDPTWPR), the winner determination problem (WDP) in carrier collaboration via combinatorial exchange (CE), and the bid generation problem (BGP).These sub-problems are the key issues for collaborative transportation planning among carriers, and they are rarely studied in the literature. We have established new mathematical programming models for these problems and developed efficient heuristics to find solutions close to their optimums in a reasonable computational time. The heuristics proposed are more efficient than commercial solvers (GUROBI, CPLEX) not only in terms of solution quality, but also in terms of computation time
Jobczyk, Krystian. "Temporal planning with fuzzy constraints and preferences." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC259/document.
Full textTemporal planning forms conceptually a part of temporal reasoning and it belongs to research area of Artificial Intelligence and it may be seen as an extension of classical planning by temporal aspects of acting. Temporal planing is usually complemented by considering preferences or different types of temporal constraints imposed on execution of actions. There exist many approaches to this issue. One one hand, there are different paradigms to temporal planning, such as: planning via search in graphs (STRIPS), planning via satisfiability or planning in terms of Markov processes. These approaches are mutually incompatible. In addition, temporal planning requires a subject-specification as it is rather defined in a methodological way. On the other hand, temporal constraints are represented and modeled in different ways dependently on their quantitative or qualitative nature. In particular, Allen’s relations between temporal intervals – an important class of temporal constraints – do not have any quantitative aspects and cannot be considered in computational contexts. According to this situation, this PhD-thesis is aimed at the proposing a depth-analysis of temporal planning with fuzzy constraints which contains some remedies on these difficulties. Namely, two approaches to the representation and modeling of these issues are put forward. In the first one (chapter 2, chapter 3) – fuzzy Allen’s relations as fuzzy temporal constraints are represented by norms of convolutions in a Banach space of Lebesgue integrable functions. It allows us immerse Allen’s relations in the computational contexts of temporal planning (based on STRIPS and on DavisPutnam procedure) and to elucidate their quantitative nature. This approach is developed in a context of Multi-Agent Problem as a subject basis of this approach. In the second one (chapter 4, chapter 5) – fuzzy temporal constrains with fuzziness introduced by preferences are represented in a logical terms of Preferential Halpern-Shoham Logic. It allows us to adopt these result in a construction of the plan controller. This approach is developed in a context of Temporal Traveling Salesman Problem as a subject basis of this approach. Finally, an attempt to reconcile these two lines of representation of fuzzy temporal constraints was also proposed
Pharpatara, Pawit. "Trajectory planning for aerial vehicles with constraints." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLE001/document.
Full textThe focus of this PhD thesis is on the trajectory planning module as a part of autonomous aircraft system. Feasible trajectories for aircraft flying in environment cluttered by obstacles are studied. Since aircraft dynamics is complex, nonlinear and nonholonomic, trajectory planning for such systems is very difficult and challenging. Rapidly-exploring Random Tree or RRT path planner is used as a basis to find a feasible trajectory. The advantage of this algorithm is that it does not consider only the complete vehicle model but also the environment. Two algorithms are developed to find a feasible and optimal solution. The RRT algorithm combined with a preprocessing of the exploration space is used for a complete realistic model of the system. However, this approach does not consider any optimal criteria. In order to consider performance criteria, the RRT* algorithm is used based on a simplified model with the help of the artificial potential field as a heuristic to improve the convergence rate to the solution. The algorithms are simulated in an application of hypersonic aerial vehicles, for example, interceptor missiles flying in high altitude. This makes the aerodynamically controlled aircraft have less maneuverability since the air density decreases exponentially with altitude. 3D shortest paths are developed and used as a metric. A feasible and optimal trajectory is obtained efficiently. With this results, real-time constraints will be easier to verify if the algorithm is implemented on board the vehicle. In future work, replanning will be considered to improve the performance of the algorithm in case of dynamic environment or changes in the mission
Chebly, Alia. "Trajectory planning and tracking for autonomous vehicles navigation." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2392/document.
Full textIn this thesis, the trajectory planning and the control of autonomous vehicles are addressed. As a first step, a multi-body modeling technique is used to develop a four wheeled vehicle planar model. This technique considers the vehicle as a robot consisting of articulated bodies. The geometric description of the vehicle system is derived using the modified Denavit Hartenberg parameterization and then the dynamic model of the vehicle is computed by applying a recursive method used in robotics, namely Newton-Euler based Algorithm. The validation of the developed vehicle model was then conducted using an automotive simulator developed by Oktal, the Scaner-Studio simulator. The developed vehicle model is then used to derive coupled control laws for the lateral and the longitudinal vehicle dynamics. Two coupled controllers are proposed in this thesis: In the first controller, the control is designed using Lyapunov control techniques while in the second one an Immersion and Invariance approach is used. Both of the controllers aim to ensure a robust tracking of the reference trajectory and the desired speed while taking into account the strong coupling between the lateral and the longitudinal vehicle dynamics. In fact, the coupled controller is a key step for the vehicle safety handling, especially in coupled maneuvers such as lane-change maneuvers, obstacle avoidance maneuvers and combined maneuvers in critical driving situations. The developed controllers were validated in simulation under Matlab/Simulink using experimental data. Subsequently, an experimental validation of the proposed controllers was conducted using a robotized vehicle (Renault-ZOE) present in the Heudiasyc laboratory within the Equipex Robotex project. Concerning the trajectory planning, a local planning method based on the clothoid tentacles method is developed. Moreover, a maneuver planning strategy focusing on the overtaking maneuver is developed to improve and complete the local planning approach. The local and the maneuver planners are then combined in order to establish a complete navigation strategy. This strategy is then validated using the developed robotics vehicle model and the Lyapunov based controller under Matlab/Simulink
Nakhaei, Alireza. "Motion planning and perception : integration on humanoid robots." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT043H/document.
Full textThis thesis starts by proposing a new framework for motion planning using stochastic maps, such as occupancy-grid maps. In autonomous robotics applications, the robot's map of the environment is typically constructed online, using techniques from SLAM. These methods can construct a dense map of the environment, or a sparse map that contains a set of identifiable landmarks. In this situation, path planning would be performed using the dense map, and the path would be executed in a sensor-based fashion, using feedback control to track the reference path based on sensor information regarding landmark position. Maximum-likelihood estimation techniques are used to model the sensing process as well as to estimate the most likely nominal path that will be followed by the robot during execution of the plan. The proposed approach is potentially a practical way to plan under the specific sorts of uncertainty confronted by a humanoid robot. The next chapter, presents methods for constructing free paths in dynamic environments. The chapter begins with a comprehensive review of past methods, ranging from modifying sampling-based methods for the dynamic obstacle problem, to methods that were specifically designed for this problem. The thesis proposes to adapt a method reported originally by Leven et al.. so that it can be used to plan paths for humanoid robots in dynamic environments. The basic idea of this method is to construct a mapping from voxels in a discretized representation of the workspace to vertices and arcs in a configuration space network built using sampling-based planning methods. When an obstacle intersects a voxel in the workspace, the corresponding nodes and arcs in the configuration space roadmap are marked as invalid. The part of the network that remains comprises the set of valid candidate paths. The specific approach described here extends previous work by imposing a two-level hierarchical structure on the representation of the workspace. The methods described in Chapters 2 and 3 essentially deal with low-dimensional problems (e.g., moving a bounding box). The reduction in dimensionality is essential, since the path planning problem confronted in these chapters is complicated by uncertainty and dynamic obstacles, respectively. Chapter 4 addresses the problem of planning the full motion of a humanoid robot (whole-body task planning). The approach presented here is essentially a four-step approach. First, multiple viable goal configurations are generated using a local task solver, and these are used in a classical path planning approach with one initial condition and multiple goals. This classical problem is solved using an RRT-based method. Once a path is found, optimization methods are applied to the goal posture. Finally, classic path optimization algorithms are applied to the solution path and posture optimization. The fifth chapter describes algorithms for building a representation of the environment using stereo vision as the sensing modality. Such algorithms are necessary components of the autonomous system proposed in the first chapter of the thesis. A simple occupancy-grid based method is proposed, in which each voxel in the grid is assigned a number indicating the probability that it is occupied. The representation is updated during execution based on values received from the sensing system. The sensor model used is a simple Gaussian observation model in which measured distance is assumed to be true distance plus additive Gaussian noise. Sequential Bayes updating is then used to incrementally update occupancy values as new measurements are received. Finally, chapter 6 provides some details about the overall system architecture, and in particular, about those components of the architecture that have been taken from existing software (and therefore, do not themselves represent contributions of the thesis). Several software systems are described, including GIK, WorldModelGrid3D, HppDynamicObstacle, and GenoM
Collin, Sophie. "Preoperative planning and simulation for artificial heart implantation surgery." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S025/document.
Full textMechanical Circulatory Support (MCS) therapy is increasingly considered for patients with advanced heart failure unresponsive to optimal medical treatments. In this context, we: 1) presented an overview of clinical issues raised by MCS implantation, 2) designed a novel computer-assisted approach for planning the implantation, 3) implemented a CFD model to understand the ventricle hemodynamics induced by the inflow cannula pose. With the aim of decreasing complications and morbidity, quantitative criteria for optimizing ventricle unloading could be determined through CFD, and the planning approach may provide valuable information for choosing the device and adapting the clinical strategy
Kalawoun, Rawan. "Motion planning of multi-robot system for airplane stripping." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC008/document.
Full textThis PHD is a part of a French project named AEROSTRIP, (a partnership between Pascal Institute,Sigma, SAPPI, and Air-France industries), it is funded by the French Government through the FUIProgram (20th call). The AEROSTRIP project aims at developing the first automated system thatecologically cleans the airplanes surfaces using a process of soft projection of ecological media onthe surface (corn). My PHD aims at optimizing the trajectory of the whole robotic systems in orderto optimally strip the airplane. Since a large surface can not be totally covered by a single robot base placement, repositioning of the robots is necessary to ensure a complete stripping of the surface. The goal in this work is to find the optimal number of robots with their optimal positions required to totally strip the air-plane. Once found, we search for the trajectories of the robots of the multi-robot system between those poses. Hence, we define a general framework to solve this problem having four main steps: the pre-processing step, the optimization algorithm step, the generation of the end-effector trajectories step and the robot scheduling, assignment and control step.In my thesis, I present two contributions in two different steps of the general framework: the pre-processing step, the optimization algorithm step. The computation of the robot workspace is required in the pre-processing step: we proposed Interval Analysis to find this workspace since it guarantees finding solutions in a reasonable computation time. Though, our first contribution is a new inclusion function that reduces the pessimism, the overestimation of the solution, which is the main disadvantage of Interval Analysis. The proposed inclusion function is assessed on some Constraints Satisfaction Problems and Constraints Optimization problems. Furthermore, we propose an hybrid optimization algorithm in order to find the optimal number of robots with their optimal poses: it is our second contribution in the optimization algorithm step. To assess our hybrid optimization algorithm, we test the algorithm on regular surfaces, such as a cylinder and a hemisphere, and on a complex surface: a car
Merlinge, Nicolas. "State estimation and trajectory planning using box particle kernels." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS425/document.
Full textState estimation and trajectory planning are two crucial functions for autonomous systems, and in particular for aerospace vehicles.Particle filters and sample-based trajectory planning have been widely considered to tackle non-linearities and non-Gaussian uncertainties.However, these approaches may produce erratic results due to the sampled approximation of the state density.In addition, they have a high computational cost which limits their practical interest.This thesis investigates the use of box kernel mixtures to describe multimodal probability density functions.A box kernel mixture is a weighted sum of basic functions (e.g., uniform kernels) that integrate to unity and whose supports are bounded by boxes, i.e., vectors of intervals.This modelling yields a more extensive description of the state density while requiring a lower computational load.New algorithms are developed, based on a derivation of the Box Particle Filter (BPF) for state estimation, and of a particle based chance constrained optimisation (Particle Control) for trajectory planning under uncertainty.In order to tackle ambiguous state estimation problems, a Box Regularised Particle Filter (BRPF) is introduced.The BRPF consists of an improved BPF with a guaranteed resampling step and a smoothing strategy based on kernel regularisation.The proposed strategy is theoretically proved to outperform the original BPF in terms of Mean Integrated Square Error (MISE), and empirically shown to reduce the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of estimation.BRPF reduces the computation load in a significant way and is robust to measurement ambiguity.BRPF is also integrated to federated and distributed architectures to demonstrate its efficiency in multi-sensors and multi-agents systems.In order to tackle constrained trajectory planning under non-Gaussian uncertainty, a Box Particle Control (BPC) is introduced.BPC relies on an interval bounded kernel mixture state density description, and consists of propagating the state density along a state trajectory at a given horizon.It yields a more accurate description of the state uncertainty than previous particle based algorithms.A chance constrained optimisation is performed, which consists of finding the sequence of future control inputs that minimises a cost function while ensuring that the probability of constraint violation (failure probability) remains below a given threshold.For similar performance, BPC yields a significant computation load reduction with respect to previous approaches
Hutton, Claude O. "3D battlespace visualization using operational planning data." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03sep%5FHutton.pdf.
Full textThesis advisor(s): Don Brutzman, Curtis Blais. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-104). Also available online.
Alizadeh, Pegah. "Elicitation and planning in Markov decision processes with unknown rewards." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD011/document.
Full textMarkov decision processes (MDPs) are models for solving sequential decision problemswhere a user interacts with the environment and adapts her policy by taking numericalreward signals into account. The solution of an MDP reduces to formulate the userbehavior in the environment with a policy function that specifies which action to choose ineach situation. In many real world decision problems, the users have various preferences,and therefore, the gain of actions on states are different and should be re-decoded foreach user. In this dissertation, we are interested in solving MDPs for users with differentpreferences.We use a model named Vector-valued MDP (VMDP) with vector rewards. We propose apropagation-search algorithm that allows to assign a vector-value function to each policyand identify each user with a preference vector on the existing set of preferences wherethe preference vector satisfies the user priorities. Since the user preference vector is notknown we present several methods for solving VMDPs while approximating the user’spreference vector.We introduce two algorithms that reduce the number of queries needed to find the optimalpolicy of a user: 1) A propagation-search algorithm, where we propagate a setof possible optimal policies for the given MDP without knowing the user’s preferences.2) An interactive value iteration algorithm (IVI) on VMDPs, namely Advantage-basedValue Iteration (ABVI) algorithm that uses clustering and regrouping advantages. Wealso demonstrate how ABVI algorithm works properly for two different types of users:confident and uncertain.We finally work on a minimax regret approximation method as a method for findingthe optimal policy w.r.t the limited information about user’s preferences. All possibleobjectives in the system are just bounded between two higher and lower bounds while thesystem is not aware of user’s preferences among them. We propose an heuristic minimaxregret approximation method for solving MDPs with unknown rewards that is faster andless complex than the existing methods in the literature
Capitanul, Elena Mihaela. "Airport strategic planning under uncertainty : fuzzy dual dynamic programming approach." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30109/document.
Full textAirports are critical connectors in the air transportation operational system. In order to meet their operational, economic and social obligations in a very volatile environment, airports need to embrace change rather than resist it. Like any other industry, airports face a wide array of risks, some specific to air transportation, other having only an indirect influence but powerful enough to disrupt airport activities. Long term airport planning has become a complex issue due to the constant growth in air traffic demand. A new dimension of complexity emerged when uncertainty began having a more, and more disruptive, and significantly costly impact on developing airport infrastructure. Historically, the ability of traditional risk and uncertainty mitigation tools proved inefficient. Countless unforeseen events like terrorist attacks, economic recession, natural disasters, had a dramatic impact on traffic levels, some with a global reach. To these highly improbable type of events can be added technological advancements, new airlines and airports business models, policy and regulation changes, increasing concern for environmental impact. In this context, the thesis puts forward an innovative approach for addressing risk assessment and mitigation under uncertainty in long-term airport infrastructure development projects. The thesis expands on the newly developed formalism of fuzzy dual numbers as a key tool to address uncertainty. After a comprehensive review of the airport industry in the context of uncertain environments, fuzzy dual numbers and fuzzy dual calculus are introduced. Since airport infrastructure development project is another case of multi-stage decision-making problem, dynamic programming is considered in order to optimize the sequential decision making process. The originality of the approach resides in the fact that the entire process will be fuzzified and fuzzy dual dynamic programming components will be introduced. To validate our method, a study case will be developed
Memon, Muhammad Ali. "Transportation interoperable planning in the context of food supply chain." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0076/document.
Full textEating is human’s basic necessity whose survival depends on both quantity and quality of food. Increasing population requires increasing in quantity of food, while quality is associated with the food product constraints like short shelf-life, temperature sensitiveness, climate etc. Increasing demand causes increase in food production, which is distributed between several production sites involving several distinct entities from small to large enterprises, where sites may use the intermediate products of other sites to produce the final products. Moreover, food products need to be transported between sites and final products to be distributed to faraway retailer sites and consumers considering the food product constraints. Activities performed by these entities include but not limited to: production, distribution, sales, etc. and these entities form jointly in the environment of food ecosystem a chain for food gathering, processing, packaging, delivery etc. This distributed network of enterprises is called food supply chain (FSC). Due to FSC’s distributed nature, it inherits not only the common problems also faced by other supply chain, but in addition has to deal with the problems arising from the perishability of food products. This perishability nature makes extremely important for FSC, the handling of issues such as maintaining the quality of food products, forecasting the product demand, managing the inventory according to the forecast to reduce out of stock or excessive inventory of products, improving the efficiency of replenishment, production and transportation, taking into account product future demand and tracing and tracking to react to disturbance. Finally, it is necessary to institute collaboration between the main entities of food ecosystem to deal with all of these issues. Furthermore, since the advent of specialized transport enterprises, a new actor has emerged called transporter or logistics provider in the FSC. These transporters have to collaborate with producers, retailers and even other transporters within FSC to take into account product future demands and trends to organise their transport network and resources to make possible the delivery of the food products with security, while maintaining the quality of the food products. Thus, collaboration became vital for FSC. Collaboration involves a good understanding of exchanged information in order to minimizing number of transport travels, cost and environmental pollution. Interoperability problem arises when each of the partners involved in FSC uses heterogeneous systems and uses different standards and terminologies for representing locations, product constraints, vehicles types etc. Furthermore, existing collaborative approaches like Quick Response, Efficient Consumer Response, Vendor Managed Inventory, Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR), etc. take into account only two types of actors of FSC: buyer and seller (producer and retailer). Additionally, they don’t consider the production and transportation planning as collaborative tasks. Taking into account above limitations, we propose, in the first phase of this thesis, an extension of CPFR model, which take into account production and transportation aspects. This new model C-PRIPT (Collaborative -Planning Replenishment Inventory Production and Transportation) includes transporter actor and elaborates production and transportation planning as collaborative activities. In the second phase, we propose a distributed and interoperable transportation planning model I-POVES (Interoperable - Path Finder, Order, Vehicle, Environment and Supervisor) to realise collaborative transportation planning by collaborating producers, transporters and retailers, aiming at a better use of transport resources. Finally, we illustrate the functioning of I-POVES model by applying it on a case study of food supply chain
Rowshannahad, Mehdi. "Qualification Management and Closed-Loop Production Planning in Semiconductor Manufacturing." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMSE0784/document.
Full textIn the first part, we take a binding restriction, called qualification, present in semiconductor manufacturing as a lever for increasing flexibility and optimizing capacity utilization. A qualification determines the processing authorization of a product on a machine (like an eligibility constraint). In order to define the best qualification, the production volume should be allocated to parallel non-identical machines which are partially reconfigurable. Capacitated flexibility measures are introduced to define the best qualification which increases machine capacity utilization at most. Batching is another industrial constraint encountered in semiconductor industry. It influences workload balancing and qualification management. Several workload balancing algorithms are proposed to find the optimal workload balance of a workcenter. Variability measures are also proposed to evaluate the workload variability of a workcenter. The second part deals with closed-loop production planning. Soitec uses Smart-Cut Technology to fabricate SOI wafers. Using this technology, one of the two raw materials used to fabricate SOI wafers can be reused several times to make other SOI wafers. However, before coming back to the SOI fabrication line, the used raw material (by-product) must be reworked in another production line. An original closed-loop production planning model adapted to the supply chain specificities of Soitec is proposed, and is validated using industrial data. Based on this industrial model, a single-item uncapacitated closed-loop lot-sizing model is defined, analyzed, and a dynamic programming algorithm is proposed for a simplified version of the problem
Lallement, Raphael. "Symbolic and Geometric Planning for teams of Robots and Humans." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0010/document.
Full textHierarchical Task Network (HTN) planning is a popular approach to build task plans to control intelligent systems. This thesis presents the HATP (Hierarchical Agent-based Task Planner) planning framework which extends the traditional HTN planning domain representation and semantics by making them more suitable for roboticists, and by offering human-awareness capabilities. When computing human-aware robot plans, it appears that the problems are very complex and highly intricate. To deal with this complexity we have integrated a geometric planner to reason about the actual impact of actions on the environment and allow to take into account the affordances (reachability, visibility). This thesis presents in detail this integration between two heterogeneous planning layers and explores how they can be combined to solve new classes of robotic planning problems
Gharbi, Mamoun. "Geometric reasoning planning in the context of Human-Robot Interaction." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0047/document.
Full textIn the last few years, the Human robot interaction (HRI) field has been in the spotlight of the robotics community. One aspect of this field is making robots act in the presence of humans, while keeping them safe and comfortable. In order to achieve this, a robot needs to plan its actions while explicitly taking into account the humans and adapt its plans to their whereabouts, capacities and preferences. The first part of this thesis is about human-robot handover: where, when and how to perform them? Depending on the human preferences, it may be better, or not, to share the handover effort between him and the robot, while in other cases, a unique handover might not be enough to achieve the goal (bringing the object to a target agent) and a sequence of handovers might be needed. In any case, during the handover, a number of cues should be used by both protagonists involved in one handover. One of the most used cue is the gaze. When the giver reaches out with his arm, he should look at the object, and when the motion is finished, he should look at the receiver's face to facilitate the transfer. The handover can be considered as a basic action in a bigger plan. The second part of this thesis reports about a formalization of these kind of basic actions" and more complex ones by the use of conditions, search spaces and restraints. It also reports about a framework and different algorithms used to solve and compute these actions based on their description. The last part of the thesis shows how the previously cited framework can fit in with a higher level planner (such as a task planner) and a method to combine a symbolic and geometric planner. The task planner uses external calls to the geometric planner to assess the feasibility of the current task, and in case of success, retrieve the state of the world provided by the geometric reasoner and use it to continue the planning. This part also shows different extensions enabling a faster search. Some of these extensions are \Geometric checks" where we test the infeasibility of multiple actions at once, \constraints" where adding constraints at the symbolic level can drive the geometric search, and \cost driven search" where the symbolic planner uses information form the geometric one to prune out over costly plans
Lee, Chin Siong. "NPS AUV workbench : collabroative environment for autonomous underwayer vehicles (AUV) mission planning and 3D visualization /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FLee.pdf.
Full textThesis advisor(s): Donald P. Brutzman, Curtis L. Blais. Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-195). Also available online.
Ogalama, Yabo Gabriel. "La pratique de l'urbanisme en Afrique Subsaharienne : bilan et perspective stratégique. L'exemple de la ville de Bangui (Centrafrique)." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR1804/document.
Full textCities in Africa often grow in population develop at the rate of 5% yearly and sometimes go beyond 7%. When a city grows at the rate of 7% per year, its population doubles every ten years. This means that the capacities of infrastructures and equipments should be doubled. But developing countries do not have the financial capacities to stand it. As a result, there are many problems among which the degradation of equipments, the environment and precarious areas. How to plan such cities? After a study of large cities such as Abidjan, Lomé, Ouagadougou and their planning documents methods used, Bangui is chosen as the main site of the research. To plan is to articulate strategic stakes to local practices. This involves to link planning documents to other sectoral documents (for sewage, retail trade, transports…)
Servais, Etienne. "Trajectory planning and control of collaborative systems : Application to trirotor UAVS." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112188/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the creation of a complete framework, from high-level to low-level, of trajectory generation for a group of independent dynamical systems. This framework, based for the trajectory generation, on the resolution of Burgers equation, is applied to a novel model of trirotor UAV and uses the flatness of the two levels of dynamical systems.The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the generation of trajectories. Formal solutions to the heat equation are created using the differential flatness of this equation. These solutions are transformed into solutions to Burgers' equation through Hopf-Cole transformation to match the desired formations. They are optimized to match specific requirements. Several examples of trajectories are given.The second part is dedicated to the autonomous trajectory tracking by a trirotor UAV. This UAV is totally actuated and a nonlinear closed-loop controller is suggested. This controller is tested on the ground and in flight by tracking, rolling or flying, a trajectory. A model is presented and a control approach is suggested to transport a pendulum load
Laruelo, Fernandez Andrea. "Integration of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging into the radiotherapy treatment planning." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30126/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to propose new algorithms to overcome the current limitations and to address the open challenges in the processing of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data. MRSI is a non-invasive modality able to provide the spatial distribution of relevant biochemical compounds (metabolites) commonly used as biomarkers of disease. Information provided by MRSI can be used as a valuable insight for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of several diseases such as cancer or neurological disorders. Obtaining accurate and reliable information from in vivo MRSI signals is a crucial requirement for the clinical utility of this technique. Despite the numerous publications on the topic, the interpretation of MRSI data is still a challenging problem due to different factors such as the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signals, the overlap of spectral lines or the presence of nuisance components. This thesis addresses the problem of interpreting MRSI data and characterizing recurrence in tumor brain patients. These objectives are addressed through a methodological approach based on novel processing methods that incorporate prior knowledge on the MRSI data using a spatio-spectral regularization. As an application, the thesis addresses the integration of MRSI into the radiotherapy treatment workflow within the context of the European project SUMMER (Software for the Use of Multi-Modality images in External Radiotherapy) founded by the European Commission (FP7-PEOPLE-ITN framework)
VIRZì, Alessio. "3D segmentation of pelvic structures in pediatric MRI for surgical planning applications." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT002/document.
Full textSurgical planning relies on the patient’s anatomy, and it is often based on medical images acquired before the surgery. This is in particular the case for pelvic surgery on children, for various indications such as malformations or tumors. In this particular anatomical region, due to its high vascularization and innervation, a good surgical planning is extremely important to avoid potential functional damages to the patient’s organs that could strongly affect their quality of life. In clinical practice the standard procedure is still to visually analyze, slice by slice, the images of the pelvic region. This task, even if quite easily performed by the expert radiologists, is difficult and tedious for the surgeons due to the complexity and variability of the anatomical structures and hence their images. Moreover, due to specific anatomy depending on the age of the patient, all the difficulties of the surgical planning are emphasized in the case of children, and a clear anatomical understanding is even more important than for the adults. For these reasons, it is very important and challenging to provide the surgeons with patient-specific 3D reconstructions, obtained from the segmentation of MRI images. In this work we propose a set of segmentation tools for pelvic MRI images of pediatric patients. In particular, we focus on three important pelvic structures: the pelvic bones, the pelvic vessels and the urinary bladder. For pelvic bones, we propose a semi-automatic approach based on template registration and deformable models. The main contribution of the proposed method is the introduction of a set of bones templates for different age ranges, which allows us to take into account the bones variability during growth. For vessels segmentation, we propose a patch-based deep learning approach using transfer learning, thus requiring few training data. The main contribution of this work is the design of a semi-automatic strategy for patches extraction, which allows the user to focus only on the vessels of interest for surgical planning. For bladder segmentation, we propose to use a deformable model approach that is particularly robust to image inhomogeneities and partial volume effects, which are often present in pediatric MRI images. All the developed segmentation methods are integrated in an open-source platform for medical imaging, delivering powerful tools and user-friendly GUIs to the surgeons. Furthermore, we set up a processing and portability workflow for visualization of the 3D patient specific models, allowing surgeons to generate, visualize and share within the hospital the patient specific 3D models. Finally, the results obtained with the proposed methods are quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated by pediatric surgeons, which demonstrates their potentials for clinical use in surgical planning procedures
Rousseau, Gauthier. "Optimal trajectory planning and predictive control for cinematographic flight plans with quadrotors." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC086/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the autonomous performance of cinematographic flight plans by camera equipped quadrotors. These flight plans consist in a series of waypoints to join while adopting various camera behaviors, along with speed references and flight corridors. First, an in depth study of the nonlinear dynamics of the drone is proposed, which is then used to derive a linear model of the system around the hovering equilibrium. An analysis of this linear model allows us to emphasize the impact of the inertia of the propellers when the latter are tilted, such as the apparition of a nonminimum phase behavior of the pitch or roll dynamics. Then, two algorithms are proposed to generate smooth and feasible cinematographic trajectories. The feasibility of the trajectory is ensured by constraints on its time derivatives, suited for cinematography and obtained with the use of the nonlinear model of the drone. The first algorithm proposed in this work is based on a bi-level optimization of a piecewise polynomial trajectory, in order to find the fastest feasible minimum jerk trajectory to perform the flight plan. The second algorithm consists in the generation of feasible, minimum time, non-uniform B-spline trajectories. For both solutions, a study of the initilization of the optimization problem is proposed, as well as a discussion about their advantages and limitations. To this aim, they are notably confronted to simulations and outdoor flight experiments. Finally, a predictive control law is proposed to smoothly and accurately control the onboard camera
Mangili, Michele. "Efficient in-network content distribution : wireless resource sharing, network planning, and security." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS182/document.
Full textIn recent years, the amount of traffic requests that Internet users generate on a daily basis has increased exponentially, mostly due to the worldwide success of video streaming services, such as Netflix and YouTube. While Content-Delivery Networks (CDNs) are the de-facto standard used nowadays to serve the ever increasing users’ demands, the scientific community has formulated proposals known under the name of Content-Centric Networks (CCN) to change the network protocol stack in order to turn the network into a content distribution infrastructure. In this context this Ph.D. thesis studies efficient techniques to foster content distribution taking into account three complementary problems:1) We consider the scenario of a wireless heterogeneous network, and we formulate a novel mechanism to motivate wireless access point owners to lease their unexploited bandwidth and cache storage, in exchange for an economic incentive.2) We study the centralized network planning problem and (I) we analyze the migration to CCN; (II) we compare the performance bounds for a CDN with those of a CCN, and (III) we take into account a virtualized CDN and study the stochastic planning problem for one such architecture.3) We investigate the security properties on access control and trackability and formulate ConfTrack-CCN: a CCN extension to enforce confidentiality, trackability and access policy evolution in the presence of distributed caches
Martens, Merijn. "Adaptive cities in Europe interrelationships between urban structure, mobility and regional planning strategies /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2006. http://dare.uva.nl/document/23142.
Full textLinden, Dimitri van der. "Mental fatigue and goal-directed behavior: flexibility, planning and the regulation of actions." [S.l. : Amsterdam : Kurt Lewin Instituut] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2002. http://dare.uva.nl/document/64093.
Full textWiersma, Jan. "Hyperthermia treatment planning for the AMC-4 system using the WF-CGFFT method /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2005. http://dare.uva.nl/document/49937.
Full textMaddah, Mohammad Reza. "3D visualization and interactive image manipulation for surgical planning in robot-assisted surgery." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0079/document.
Full textRobot-assisted surgery, or “robotic”surgery, has been developed to address thedifficulties with the traditional laparoscopicsurgery. The da Vinci (Intuitive Surgical, CA andUSA) is one of the FDA-approved surgical robotic system which is widely used in the case of abdominal surgeries like hysterectomy and cholecystectomy. The technology includes a system of master and slave tele-manipulators that enhances manipulation precision. However, inadequate guidelines and lack of a human machine interface system for planning the ports on the abdomen surface are some of the main issues with robotic surgery. Unreachable target and mid-surgery collisions between robotic arms are the major problems that surgeons complain about in robotic surgery. The objective of this research is to design a new decision-support tool for planning port placement in robotic surgery. The decision support system will be able to determine the optimal location of the entrance ports on the abdomen surface that is specific to the patient
Gao, Jiuchun. "Optimal motion planning in redundant robotic systems for automated composite lay-up process." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0015/document.
Full textThe thesis deals with the optimal motion planning in redundant robotic systems for automation of the composite lay-up processes. The primary goalis to improve the lay-up workcell productivity by developing a novel methodology of optimizing coordinated motions of the robotic manipulator,workpiece positioner and workspace extension unit,which ensure the shortest processing time and smooth movements of all mechanical components. In contrast to the previous works, the proposed methodology provides high computational efficiencyand also takes into account both the technological constraints and the robotic system constraints, which describe capacities of the actuators and are expressed by the maximum allowable velocities and accelerations in the actuated joints. The developed technique is based on conversion of the original continuous problem into a combinatorial one, where all possible configurations of the mechanical components are represented as a directed multi layergraph and the desired time-optimal motion is generated using dynamic programming principle for searching the shortest path on the graph satisfying the smoothness constraints. It is also proposed an enhancement of this technique by dividing the optimization procedure in two stages combining global and local searches. At the first stage, the developed algorithm is applied in the global search space generated with large discretization step. Then,the same technique is applied in the local search space, which is created with smaller step in the neighborhood of the obtained trajectory. The advantages of the developed methodology are confirmed by industrial implementation on the factory floor that deals with manufacturing of the high pressure vessel
Sandoval, Niño Zulma. "Planning and guidance of ultrasound guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound cardiac arrhythmia therapy." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S044/document.
Full textThe work presented in this document aims at developing new image-processing methods to improve the planning and guidance of transesophageal HIFU atrial fibrillation therapy. This document is divided into two parts, namely therapy planning and therapy guidance. We first propose novel therapy planning methods that exploit high-resolution pre-operative CT or MRI information to extract patient-specific anatomical details and to define future therapeutic procedures. Our specific methodological contributions concern the following: an automatically-refined atlas-based segmentation approach to extract the left atrium and pulmonary veins; the delineation of the lesion lines on the original or segmented volume; and the reconstruction of a volume adapted to future intraoperative transesophageal navigation. Secondly, our proposal of a novel registration approach for use in therapy guidance aligns intraoperative 2D ultrasound with preoperative 3D CT information. This approach first carries out a systematic statistical evaluation to select the best similarity measure for our application and then takes advantage of the geometrical constraints of the transesophageal HIFU probe to simplify the registration process. Our proposed methods have been evaluated on digital and/or physical phantoms and on real clinical data
Ding, Ni. "Load models for operation and planning of electricity distribution networks with smart metering data." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT092/document.
Full textFrom 2010, ERDF (French DSO) started the “Linky” project. The project aims at installing 35 millions smart meters in France. These smart meters will collect individual client's consumption data in real time and transfer these data to the data center automatically in a certain frequency. These detailed consumption information provided by the smart metering system enables the designs of more accurate load models. On this purpose, two distinctive objectives are defined in this dissertation: the forecasting load models for the operation need and the estimation load models for the planning need. For the operation need, two models are developed, respectively relying on the “time series” and the “neural network” principals. They are both for the objective of predicting the loads in “D+1” and “D+2” days based on the historical information till “D” day. The “time series” model divides the load curve into three components: the trend, the cyclic, and the residual. The first two parts are deterministic, from which two models named the trend model and the cyclic model are made. The sum of the prevision of these two models is the final prediction result. For a better precision, numerous statistical tools are also integrated such that the stationary test, the smoothed periodogram, the ANOVA test and the gliding window estimation, etc. The time series model can extract information from the influence factors such as the time, the temperature, the periodicities and the day type, etc. Being the most popular non linear model and the universal approximator, the neural network load forecasting model is also studied in this dissertation. We focus on the strategy of the structure selection. The work is in collaboration with Prof. Dreyfus (SIGMA lab), a well known expert in the machine learning field. Input selection and model selection are performed by the “orthogonal forward regression” and the “virtual-leave-one-out” algorithms. Results show that the proposed procedure is efficient and guarantees the chosen model a good accuracy on the load forecasting. For the planning, a nonparametric model is designed and compared with the actual model “BAGHEERA” of the French electricity company EDF. With the opening of the electricity market, the relationship among the regulators, suppliers and clients is changing. The qualitative information about a particular client such as his subscribed power, his activity code and his electricity tariffs becomes less and less available. The evolution from the BAGHEERA model to a data-driven model is unavoidable, since the BAGHEERA model depends on these information to attribute every client in the French territory into a pre-defined category. The proposed nonparametric model is individualized and can deal with both temperature sensitive (possessing an electrical heater) and temperature insensitive clients. Three nonparametric regressors are proposed: the Nadaraya Watson, the local linear, and the local linear adapted. The validation studies show that the nonparametric model has a better estimation precision than the BAGHEERA model. These novel models are designed and validated by the real measurements collected in the French distribution network
Bensekrane, Ismail. "Towards an energy planning strategy for autonomous driving of an over-actuated road vehicle." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I037/document.
Full textIn this thesis, an energy planning for over-actuated unmanned road vehicles (URVs) with redundant steering configuration is proposed. In fact, indicators on the road geometry, the redundancy of actuation, the optimal velocity profile and the driving mode are identified for each segment of the URV's trajectory. Thus, a power consumption estimation model of an over-actuated autonomous driving vehicle is developed. Two methods for power consumption modeling are considered. The first method is based on an analytic model of power consumption, taking into account the degree of steerability, degree of mobility and degree of actuation redundancy. The second method used for power consumption modeling based on data-learning qualitative method namely: Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The latter has been considered in case of the presence of unknown dynamic parameters of the URV and uncertainties about its interaction with the environment. Validation of the estimation of the power consumption has been applied of real autonomous vehicle called RobuCar. Energy planning strategy has been built using two approaches, discrete and continuous. The discrete approach depends on a construction of an energy digraph with all feasible configurations taking into account kinematic and dynamic constraints based on a 3D grid map setup, according to: velocity, arc-length, driving mode. In this weighted directed graph, the edges describe the consumed energy by the UAV along a segment of a trajectory. An optimization algorithm is applied on the digraph to get a global optimal solution combining driving mode, power consumption and velocity profile of the URV. The continuous approach is based on a multi-criteria optimization strategy using genetic algorithms (NSGA-II). Then a real road path is considered and modeled by using two smooth geometrical combinations: the first one is {lines, clothoids and arcs}, and the second one is {lines and Pythagorean Hodograph (PH) curves}. The energy planning strategy is then applied to the generated paths. Also, a directed graph is built to synthesis the optimal velocity profile that minimizes the overall energy consumption while accounting for all driving modes. Results are compared with those given by the dynamic programming method for global offline optimization
Mohammadi, Mehrdad. "A multi-objective optimization framework for an inspection planning problem under uncertainty and breakdown." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0055/document.
Full textQuality inspection in multistage production systems (MPSs) has become an issue and this is because the MPS presents various possibilities for inspection. The problem of finding the best inspection plan is an “inspection planning problem”. The main simultaneous decisions in an inspection planning problem in a MPS are: 1) which quality characteristics need to be inspected, 2) what type of inspection should be performed for the selected quality characteristics, 3) where these inspections should be performed, and 4) how the inspections should be performed. In addition, lack of information about production processes and several environmental factors has become an important issue that imposes a degree of uncertainty to the inspection planning problem. This research provides an optimization framework to plan an inspection process in a MPS, wherein, input parameters are uncertain and inspection tools and production machines are subject to breakdown. This problem is formulated through several mixed-integer mathematical programming models with the objectives of minimizing total manufacturing cost, maximizing customer satisfaction, and minimizing total production time. Furthermore, Taguchi and Monte Carlo methods are applied to cope with the uncertainties. Due to the complexity of the proposed models, meta-heuristic algorithms are employed to find optimal or near-optimal solutions. Finally, this research implements the findings and methods of the inspection planning problem in another application as hub location problem. General and detail concluding remarks are provided for both inspection and hub location problems
Ramoul, Abdeldjalil. "Système de planification en mixed-initiative pour l'assistance à la gestion des systèmes informatisés complexes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM070/document.
Full textThe concept of complex IT systems includes all systems consisting of a large number of inter-connected and computer-managed components. The configuration and management of these systems involves a multitude of tasks that are critical to their proper functioning and their evolution. The problem of defining procedures for managing and configuring such systems becomes very critical in view of their increasing complexity and their rapid evolution. The aim of this thesis is to develop a mixed-initiative planning tool for the automatic co-generation of a set of management and configuration actions, regardless of the application domain. In this perspective, we develop GTOHP, a hierarchical automatic planner, with HTN, that present the high performance needed for a mixed-initiative interaction. We propose an algorithm for the instantiation and the simplification of HTN planning problems, which significantly reduces their complexity and improves the performance of the planning algorithms. We also propose an extension to the « Planning Domain Definition Language » (PDDL) in order to modelize the knowledge of domain experts in the form of tasks decomposition methods that will be used to guide the HTN planning algorithm. Then, we integrate some mechanisms to GTOHP for collecting statistics and information about the tests results carried out during the plans search and integrate them into the MIP which provides several features of mixed-initiative interaction. We demonstrate the high performance of the GTOHP planner and the contributions of the instantiation and simplification algorithm, by comparing them to a state-of-the-art HTN planner through a series of experiments on planning domains from the international planning competitions. Finally, we propose a panel of evaluation criteria of mixed-initiative systems that serve as a basis for the discussion about the performances and contributions of the MIP system
Xiao, Zhanhao. "Raffinement des intentions." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10051/document.
Full textNarsipura, Sreenivasa Manish. "Modeling of human movement for the generation of humanoid robot motion." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0120/document.
Full textHumanoid robotics is coming of age with faster and more agile robots. To compliment the physical complexity of humanoid robots, the robotics algorithms being developed to derive their motion have also become progressively complex. The work in this thesis spans across two research fields, human neuroscience and humanoid robotics, and brings some ideas from the former to aid the latter. By exploring the anthropological link between the structure of a human and that of a humanoid robot we aim to guide conventional robotics methods like local optimization and task-based inverse kinematics towards more realistic human-like solutions. First, we look at dynamic manipulation of human hand trajectories while playing with a yoyo. By recording human yoyo playing, we identify the control scheme used as well as a detailed dynamic model of the hand-yoyo system. Using optimization this model is then used to implement stable yoyo-playing within the kinematic and dynamic limits of the humanoid HRP-2. The thesis then extends its focus to human and humanoid locomotion. We take inspiration from human neuroscience research on the role of the head in human walking and implement a humanoid robotics analogy to this. By allowing a user to steer the head of a humanoid, we develop a control method to generate deliberative whole-body humanoid motion including stepping, purely as a consequence of the head movement. This idea of understanding locomotion as a consequence of reaching a goal is extended in the final study where we look at human motion in more detail. Here, we aim to draw to a link between “invariants” in neuroscience and “kinematic tasks” in humanoid robotics. We record and extract stereotypical characteristics of human movements during a walking and grasping task. These results are then normalized and generalized such that they can be regenerated for other anthropomorphic figures with different kinematic limits than that of humans. The final experiments show a generalized stack of tasks that can generate realistic walking and grasping motion for the humanoid HRP-2. The general contribution of this thesis is in showing that while motion planning for humanoid robots can be tackled by classical methods of robotics, the production of realistic movements necessitate the combination of these methods with the systematic and formal observation of human behavior
Salmon, Raphael. "Natural language generation using abstract categorial grammars." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC196/document.
Full textThis thesis explores the usage of Abstract Categorial Grammars (ACG) for Natural Language Generation (NLG) in an industrial context. While NLG system based on linguistic theories have a long history, they are not prominent in industry, which, for the sake of simplicity and efficiency, usually prefer more ``pragmatic" methods. This study shows that recent advances in computational linguistics allow to conciliate the requirements of soundness and efficiency, by using ACG to build the main elements of a production grade NLG framework (document planner and microplanner), with performance comparable to existing, less advanced methods used in industry
Issiali, Khouloud. "Study of smart antennas and MU-MIMO techniques for indoor radio engineering and planning tools." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0039/document.
Full textThe deployment facility and flexibility of wireless technologies have allowed considerable evolution of IEEE 802 .11 standards. The arrival of the optical fiber to the home has further motivated the research studies to increase data rates and capacity. ln this context, the latest IEEE 802.l lac standard ratified in 2014 proposes new technologies to achieve maximum data rates above 1 Gbit/s. ln particular, 802.l lac includes the Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) and Transmit Beamforming (TxBF). These smart antenna technologies assume a variable transmit antenna pattern in function of the users' position and the corresponding multipath propagation channel characteristics. However, the actual radio planning tools give a fixed coverage map in dependent of any adaptive or smart antenna processing. This thesis studies the impact of the MU-MIMO and TxBF techniques on radio engineering, system optimization as well as radio planning tools. Indeed, the first part of this thesis deals with refining the sum rate capacity gains by identifying interesting system configurations and optimal system parameters. The second part addresses the beamforming gains in terms of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) gain and interference level to have realistic radio coverage modeling
Claussmann, Laurene. "Motion planning for autonomous highway driving : a unified architecture for decision-maker and trajectory generator." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE014/document.
Full textThis thesis work is part of the development of a self-driving car in highway environments. More precisely, it aims to propose a unified architecture of trajectory planner and decision-maker taking into account the limitations of the environment and the available data within the current development of sensors technologies (distance limitations, uncertainties).On the one hand, the method generates sigmoid trajectories in a continuous spatiotemporal representation of the evolution space, which is reduced beforehand by modeling collision-free intervals in nominal conditions of driving. The sigmoid parameters are subsequently optimized with a simulated annealing approach that uses the decision-maker algorithm as the evaluation function for the generated trajectory. It thus makes it possible to elude both the discretization and position/speed decoupling problems. On the other hand, the aggregation of fuzzy logic and belief theory allows decision making on heterogeneous criteria and uncertain data. The proposed framework also handles personalization of the vehicle's behavior, depending on the passengers' risk perception and an aggressive or conservative driving style.The presented approach was finally evaluated and validated in a simulation environment, and then in a test vehicle. The planning block was integrated into the existing vehicle's architecture, interfaced with the localization, obstacles' perception and control blocks
Mayran, de Chamisso Fabrice. "Lifelong Exploratory Navigation : integrating planning, navigation and SLAM for autonomous mobile robots with finite resources." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS413/document.
Full textOne of the yet unresolved canonical problems of robotics is to have robots move completely autonomously in order to accomplish any mission they are charged with, with time and resource constraints and without prior knowledge of the environment. Reaching a goal requires the robot to perform at least four tasks: maintaining an abstract representation of the environment (map), being able to localize itself within this representation, using the representation to plan paths and navigating on the planned paths while handling dynamics of the environment and avoiding obstacles. Each of these problems has been studied extensively by the robotics community. However, the four components are usually studied separately, and as a result are mostly incompatible with each other. Additionally, since humans as well as robots have to operate with finite memory and computing resources, long running planning, navigation and SLAM algorithms may have to operate on incomplete or compressed data while guaranteeing that the goal(s) can still be reached. In this thesis, planning, navigation and SLAM in arbitrarily large environments with finite computing resources and memory are considered as one single problem, for a new bio-inspired paradigm which we call Lifelong Exploratory Navigation
Azam, Clémentine. "Impacts of light pollution on bat spatiotemporal dynamics in France : implications for outdoor lighting planning." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0021/document.
Full textLight pollution induced by the widespread use of nighttime artificial lighting is a global change affecting substantial part of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. As a result, major concerns have been raised about its hidden impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Light pollution has major impacts on the circadian and seasonal cycles of organisms, and on their movements and spatial distributions. As a whole, light pollution likely disrupts the spatiotemporal dynamics of biological communities and ecosystems. In this context, the aim of this PhD was to characterize the impacts of nighttime artificial lighting on bat activity (order: chiroptera) at multiple spatial scales in order to propose reduction measures that can effectively limit the adverse impacts of light pollution on biodiversity. We used bats as model species as they are nocturnal and directly exposed to light pollution and they are considered to be good indicators of the response of biodiversity to anthropogenic pressure.We first intended to characterize the extent of effect of light pollution at a landscape scale relative to major land-use pressures that are threatening biodiversity worldwide. Using a French national-scale citizen science database, we found that landscape-scale level of light pollution negatively affected common bat species, and that this effect was significantly stronger than the effect of impervious surfaces but weaker than the effect of intensive agriculture. This highlighted the crucial need to account for outdoor lighting in land-use planning in order to restore darkness in human-inhabited landscapes.Thus, through an in situ experiment, we investigated whether i) restoring darkness in a landscape for a part of the night through part-night lighting schemes, or ii) restraining the spatial extent of lighting at the vicinity of natural elements were effective options to enhance dark ecological corridors in human-inhabited landscapes. We found that part-night lighting schemes were unlikely to effectively mitigate the impacts of artificial lighting on light-sensitive species. However, we revealed that streetlights should be separated from ecological corridors by at least 50 m, and that the light trespass should be lower than 0.1 lux to allow their effective use by light-sensitive species.Overall, this PhD thesis revealed the major importance of addressing light pollution issues at multiple spatial scales to characterize its impacts on biodiversity. It also exposed the crucial importance of integrating outdoor lighting in land-use planning strategies and proposed to implement ecological criteria in future European standards for outdoor lighting
Moad, Kamel. "Modélisation et optimisation multi-niveaux du transport forestier." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0101/document.
Full textThe present manuscript tackles the supply chain forest transportation problem in the context of forestry primary industry. In this context, several risks may affect the forest supply chain: the unpredictable weather conditions (tree falling provoked by major storms); sanitary emergencies (tree pest and diseases); and, diverse commercial circumstances (the variability of market demands). The aforementioned issues motivate the diverse forest sector protagonists (entrepreneurs, forest operators and drivers) to seek support for improving their logistic operations. The aim of this effort is to improve the service quality (offer-demand agreement) diminishing in this way the total costs. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is the proposal of a novel management model which improves forest-to-mill transport performance. At the same time, the proposed model accounts for the forest sector manners and constraints. The contribution of this thesis is threefold: first a transportation model is developed, later on the transport planning is managed, and finally an optimization procedure is proposed.The thesis results propose a hierarchical planning for the forestry transportation. Two decision levels are suggested: tactic and operational. At a tactic level, a multi-period optimization is considered. The multi-period optimization strategy meets the customer supply demands while minimizes the global transportation activity. Such strategy takes into account the restrictions of the total available transportation means. Moreover, at this level the activity balancing politics may be developed, as well as subcontractors coordination between transport companies. On the other hand, at the operational level, the tactic planning assigned for each transporter is divided so an optimization of the fleet’s transport assignation is done considering the vehicles constraints.The decision process is modelled as a Mixed Linear Programming formulation. The application considers a data set coming from the industry settled at the Aquitaine region in France. The results have shown a significant improvement on the transport capabilities with respect to the conventional transport practices.It is worth to mention that the decision models were designed such that they may be adapted to different context either collaborative or not. In both cases, the tactic planning has a generic purpose, in other words, it is independent of the kind of organization involved, whereas specific organizations are taken into account when planning actors’ activities at the operational level
Dorileô, Ederson Antônio Gomes. "Needle modeling, insertion planning and steering for CT or MR image-guided robot-driven percutaneous procedures." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS222/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is the study and development of a tool for robot-driven adaptive needle insertion planning in order to assist percutaneous insertions of beveled semi-rigid needles guided by CT or MR images. The approach is based on a novel needle deflection prediction model that provides offline predictions and improve online the needle insertion performance. This improvement allows to compensate for environment uncertainties and approximations of needle-tissue interactions modeling. Results obtained from in vitro tests, using different robot platforms confirmed the viability of our method
Bian, Yuan. "Tactical production planning for physical and financial flows for supply chain in a multi-site context." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0064/document.
Full textIn financial crisis, companies always need free cash flow to efficiently react to any uncertainties to ensure solvency. Thus, this thesis serves as an interface between operations and finance to develop tactical production planning models for joint management of physical and financial flows in the supply chain. In these models, the financing cost of operation-based working capital requirement (WCR) is integrated as a new financial aspect never before considered in the lot-sizing literature. We first focus on extending the classic EOQ model by considering the financing cost of WCR with a profit maximization objective. The optimal analytic production quantity formula is derived as well as sensitivity analysis of this model. Moreover, a comparison with the EOQ model and with the formula which considers the cost of capital are discussed. Secondly, a dynamic lot-sizing-based, discounted cash flow model is established based on Uncapacitated lot-sizing model. The zero-inventory ordering property is proven valid for this case and a polynomial-time algorithm can thus be established. Thirdly, multi-level and infinite capacity scenario is investigated with both sequential and centralized approaches. The ZIO property is demonstrated valid in both cases. Dynamic-programming based algorithms are constructed in order to obtain an optimal solution. This thesis should be considered as a first, but significant setup of combining production planning and working capital management. It is shown the significant financial consequences of lot-sizing decision on production planning. The cases investigated in this thesis may be tackled as subproblems in the study of more realistic scenarios