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Journal articles on the topic 'Documentary papyri'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 April 2022

Last updated: 17 July 2023

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1

Barker, Don. "The Dating of New Testament Papyri." New Testament Studies 57, no. 4 (September 5, 2011): 571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688511000129.

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The narrow dating of some of the early New Testament papyri and the methodological approach that is used must be brought into question in the light of the acknowledged difficulties with palaeographical dating and especially the use of assigned dated literary papyri. The thesis of this paper is that the way forward in dating New Testament papyri, or for that matter any undated literary papyri, is first to locate the manuscript in its graphic stream and using, on the whole, dated documentary papyri belonging to the same stream, come to an approximate understanding of where in the history of the stream the manuscript lies. The following New Testament Papyri will be so treated: P52, P67+ and P46.

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Bruning, Jelle. "Developments in Egypt's early Islamic postal system (with an edition of P.Khalili II 5)." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 81, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x17001380.

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AbstractThe importance of documentary sources for the history of the official postal system (barīd) in the first century of Islam has long been acknowledged. In addition to a small number of documents from the eastern part of the Muslim Empire, Egyptian papyri from the 90s/710s and 130s/750s form the main documentary sources for modern studies on the postal system. These papyri belong to a distinct phase in Islamic history. Papyri from other, especially earlier, phases have largely been neglected. The present article addresses the history of Egypt's official postal system from the Muslim conquest up to c. 132/750. It argues that the postal system gradually developed out of Byzantine practices and was shaped by innovations by Muslim rulers through which their involvement in the postal system's administration gradually increased. The article ends with an edition of P.Khalili II 5, a papyrus document from 135/753 on the provisioning of postal stations.

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Vecchiato, Riccardo. "Notes on Documentary Papyri: P.Ryl. II 252, SB XIV 11868, P.Tebt.Pad. I 15, and PUG III 115." Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete 68, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apf-2022-0014.

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Abstract Notes on the text and interpretation of four Ptolemaic documentary papyri: the contract of sale P.Ryl. II 252, the petition P.Tebt.Pad. I 15, and the two naukleros-receipts SB XIV 11868 and PUG III 115.

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Nocchi Macedo, Gabriel. "Aristophanes in Antiquity: Quotations and Testimonia in Papyri." Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete 68, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 246–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apf-2022-0013.

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Abstract This article examines the seventeen Greek literary and documentary papyri, in which Aristophanes is quoted or mentioned, and asks how these fragments contribute to our understanding of the early reception of the comedic poet, especially in the Roman and Late Antique periods.

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di Bartolo, Giuseppina. "The μὴ ἵνα + subjunctive construction in Greek documentary papyri." Glotta 98, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/glot.2022.98.1.136.

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6

O'Sullivan, Neil. "The Future Optative in Greek Documentary and Grammatical Papyri." Journal of Hellenic Studies 133 (2013): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075426913000062.

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AbstractThe neglected area of later Greek syntax is explored here with reference to the future optative. This form of the verb first appeared early in the classical age but virtually disappeared during the Hellenistic era. Under the influence of Atticism it reappeared in later literary texts, and this paper is concerned largely with its revival in late legal and epistolary texts on papyrus from Egypt. It is used mainly in set legal phrases of remote future conditions, but we also see it in letters to express wishes (again, largely formulaic) for the future, both of which uses are foreign to Attic Greek. Finally, the future optative's appearance in conjugations on grammatical papyri from Egypt is used to demonstrate the form's presence in education even at the end of the classical world there, with the archive of Dioscorus of Aphrodito uniquely showing both this theoretical knowledge of it and examples of its application in legal documents.

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Ogereau, Julien M. "A Survey of Κοινωνία and Its Cognates in Documentary Sources." Novum Testamentum 57, no. 3 (June 23, 2015): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341485.

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This article consists of the summary of a comprehensive survey of the terms κοινωνία, κοινωνός, and κοινωνέω, in documentary sources (i.e., inscriptions and papyri). Moving beyond basic semantic questions, it focuses on the usages and pragmatic connotations of these cognates in a wide range of documentary contexts dating between ca. v bc and ad vii. Thereby it purports to broaden current understandings of the terms, draw attention to unsuspected or overlooked connotations, and highlight potentially relevant examples vis-à-vis the nt.

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Dickey, Eleanor. "Literal and Extended use of Kinship Terms in Documentary Papyri." Mnemosyne 57, no. 2 (2004): 131–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852504773399169.

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AbstractKinship terms in papyrus letters do not always refer to actual relatives and so pose many problems for modern readers. But by examining all the kinship terms in six centuries of letters it is possible to discover some rules governing the use of kinship terms: in some situations they appear to be always literal, and in others they appear to be almost always extended, though a third group of contexts remains ambiguous. The rules are complex and depend on the particular kinship term involved, the date of writing, the use of names, the position of the kinship term in the letter, and the person to whom it connects the referent.

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Kreinecker, Christina M. "Emotions in Documentary Papyri: Joy and Sorrow in Everyday Life." Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook 2011, no. 1 (May 2012): 451–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dcly.2012.2011.1.451.

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10

D’Angelo, Marzia. "An Ongoing Supplement to Traditional Dictionaries: WiP – Words in Progress and the Contribution of Greek Documentary Papyrology." Trends in Classics 15, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tc-2023-0010.

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Abstract Greek lexicography is in a state of constant evolution thanks to progress in philological studies and, in a special way, to the contribution offered by papyri, which frequently provides us with new words or new meanings of already known words. In this regard, the online, freely consultable database WiP – Words in Progress. Supplementary Lexicon of Ancient Greek aims to collect new or rare words and detail corrections and additions in order to record recent progress in the updating and expansion of Ancient and Byzantine Greek. This contribution aims to describe how the database works, and what advantages it offers compared to traditional dictionaries, with a particular focus on the contribution that Greek documentary papyri offer to Greek lexicography.

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LIeweIyn, Stephen. "Paul's Letter to Philemon in the Light of the Documentary Papyri." Biblische Zeitschrift 49, no. 2 (December 15, 2005): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890468-049-02-90000009.

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Bentein, Klaas. "Historical Sociolinguistics: How and Why? Some Observations from Greek Documentary Papyri." AION (filol.) Annali dell’Università degli Studi di Napoli “L’Orientale” 41, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17246172-40010013.

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Abstract Whereas initially texts from the past were given relatively little attention in sociolinguistic studies, nowadays historical sociolinguistics as a discipline has come to maturity, too. A central notion in (historical) sociolinguistics is that of context: regrettably, however, there is still no generally accepted theory of how context can be captured and related to language. One of the few frameworks that has attempted to provide a coherent and unifying account is the so-called Functional Sociolinguistic framework. In this article, I illustrate the potential of this model for the study of Post-classical and Byzantine Greek complementation.

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Dobbs-Allsopp, F. W., Chris Hooker, and Gregory Murray. "Some Initial Reflections on XML Markup for an Image-Based Electronic Edition of the Brooklyn Museum Aramaic Papyri." Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture 5, no. 1 (December 6, 2016): 50–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21659214-90000070.

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A collaborative project of the Brooklyn Museum and a number of allied institutions, including Princeton Theological Seminary and West Semitic Research, the Digital Brooklyn Museum Aramaic Papyri (DBMAP) is to be both an image-based electronic facsimile edition of the important collection of Aramaic papyri from Elephantine housed at the Brooklyn Museum and an archival resource to support ongoing research on these papyri and the public dissemination of knowledge about them. In the process of building out a (partial) prototype of the edition, to serve as a proof of concept, we have discovered little field-specific discussion that might guide our markup decisions. Consequently, here our chief ambition is to initiate such a conversation. After a brief overview of DBMAP, we offer some initial reflection on and assessment of XML markup schemes specifically for Semitic texts from the ancient Near East that comply with TEI, CSE, and MEP guidelines. We take as our example BMAP 3 (=TAD B3.4) and we focus on markup as pertains to the editorial transcription of this documentary text and to the linguistic analysis of the text’s language

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HOYLAND, ROBERT. "New documentary texts and the early Islamic state." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 69, no. 3 (September 19, 2006): 395–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x06000188.

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This article is intended as a contribution to the debate on the nature of the early Islamic state (especially 1–70 AH/622–690 AD), as regards both its government and its ideology. It presents and discusses new documentary evidence that sheds light on these subjects and tries to advance a little further the discussion of two questions that have been particularly hotly debated in recent years. These are: whether the Muslims merely continued the administrative practices of the Byzantines and Persians or introduced innovations, and why recognizably Islamic messages do not appear in the material record before the reign of the caliph ‘Abd al-Malik (65–85 AH/685–705 AD). Finally, this article attempts to draw attention to the relative under-use of documents, whether papyri, coins, rock inscriptions or the like, and to illustrate the different ways in which they might be deployed to enhance our knowledge of this very important topic.

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Sänger-Böhm, Kerstin. "Eine merkwürdige griechische Randnotiz Überlegungen zum koptischen Kodexblatt Paris BNCopte164 II fol. 16m recto." Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete 65, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apf-2019-0006.

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Abstract A papyrus codex which contained the Sahidic version of the Gospel of John exhibits a highly interesting “marginal note”. On the bottom margin of one page (Paris BNCopte164 II fol. 16m) one finds traces of the beginning of five lines written in Greek in a cursive hand usually used in documentary papyri. A closer look at the Greek cursive suggests that these lines originally belonged to the text of a fifth-century protokollon.

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Backhuys, Thomas. "Zu ptolemäischen Urkunden." Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete 65, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apf-2019-0013.

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Abstract Notes on the text and interpretation of three documentary papyri: In P.NYU II 45, an official is asked to release a prisoner around harvest time in order that the crown may not loose revenues. The restoration of a line in BGU VIII 1876 adds another instance of the rare word παραχωρήσιμος. The subscription of P.Enteux. 14 is now entirely restored and some suggestions are made for a name in the σῶμα of the petition.

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Stolk, Joanne Vera. "Post-Classical Greek from a Scribal Perspective." Mnemosyne 73, no. 5 (March 13, 2020): 750–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12342738.

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Abstract Spelling deviations are often considered to be the result of random variation or plain mistakes by the scribes. Based on the examples in this paper, I argue that some of the apparent deviations may actually be in accordance with contemporary norms. Close study of the spelling of five lexemes in the corpus of documentary papyri shows that the orthographic conventions at the time may have been different than suggested by contemporary grammarians and modern editors.

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Dietrich, Charlotte, and Elena L. Hertel. "Zwei demotische Papyri aus Soknopaiu Nesos in der Sammlung der Universitätsbibliothek Utrecht." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 149, no. 2 (October 27, 2022): 182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2021-0005.

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Summary This article is the first edition of two papyri with demotic script (pUtrecht, University Library, Demotic Ms. B6.7a and d+e, shortened pUtrecht, Dem. Ms. B6.7a and pUtrecht, Dem. Ms. B6.7d+e), which today are part of the collection of the University Library in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Due to palaeography and content, the fragments’ origin can be traced back to Soknopaiou Nesos. Both texts are of documentary content; one is concerned with the sale of a house share, the other is a receipt of a transaction involving wheat.

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Miroshnikov, Ivan Yu. "Coptic Papyri of the University History Museum of Perm State University." Orientalistica 4, no. 4 (November 29, 2021): 823–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2021-4-4-823-841.

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This article constitutes the editio princeps of the Coptic manuscripts from the private collection of Alexandr Palnikov (1857–1917), presently housed at the University History Museum of Perm State University. All these manuscripts are written on papyrus and can be dated to the second half of the first millennium C. E. The twenty-five fragments with Coptic text come from ten different manuscripts. Of those, two seem to be literary; the rest, documentary. The transcription of the Coptic text is accompanied by a Russian translation and a papyrological commentary.

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Dormandy, Michael. "How to Understand What Passes All Understanding: Using the Documentary Papyri to Understand εἰρήνη in Paul." New Testament Studies 67, no. 2 (March 4, 2021): 220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688520000260.

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In popular culture, the Pauline texts referring to ‘peace’ are illustrated by serene and tranquil scenes. I shall argue that to Paul's first readers, ‘peace’ evoked rather different images – military victories, arrests of criminals and the unloading of corn. I argue this because of how εἰρήνη is normally used in documentary papyri, that is personal letters, administrative documents and other non-literary written material. I explain my method and then present the papyrological evidence, including references to the various ‘peace-officials’. I argue that εἰρήνη meant something like ‘good order’. I use this insight to interpret Rom 5.1 and Phil 4.7.

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Barchi, Serena. "On the Graphemic Alternance 〈E〉 ∼ 〈I〉 and 〈O〉 ∼ 〈U〉 in Latin Papyri and Ostraca: Some New Remarks." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.6.

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SummaryThis paper intends to provide some data about the occurrence of 〈e〉 and 〈o〉 for Classical Latin (= CL) /1/ and /ŭ/ in Latin papyri and ostraca. In order to carry out a study of the incidence of some grapho-phonological phenomena within documentary texts and to examine to what extent they could be related with parameters of sociolinguistic variation, the examined texts have been collected in a corpus which has been tagged for both linguistic and extralinguistic aspects. This corpus is available in the Data-base CLaSSES (http://classes-latin-linguistics.fileli.unipi.it), created at the FILELI Department of the Uni-versity of Pisa (§ 1). The study will focus in particular on the analysis of this graphemic alternance in the Bu Njem ostraca (§ 2.1); then, it will dwell on the qualitative analysis of three lexemes in Egyptian papyri and ostraca in which a proto-Romance merger between /ĭ/ and /ē/ in /e/ and /ŭ/ and /ō/ in /o/ in tonic posi-tion might be documented. Particular attention is paid to interference phenomena with Greek (§ 2.2).

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Kim, Kyu Seop. "The Concept of διαθήκη in Hebrews 9.16-17." Journal for the Study of the New Testament 43, no. 2 (October 13, 2020): 248–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142064x20961281.

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Many exegetes assume that wills were of immediate effect when they were written and that it was common in Graeco-Roman society to transfer the unrestricted ownership of property to heirs regardless of the testators’ death. However, these assumptions are not sustainable when we explore actual testamentary practices in ancient society. In documentary papyri, the transfer of patrimonum rarely took place during the lifetime of the testator, and the death of the testator was conditio sine qua non for the efficacy of the testament. These aspects lead the reader to a new understanding of Christ’s death in Heb. 9.16-17.1

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KRAUS, THOMAS J. "‘UNEDUCATED’, ‘IGNORANT’, OR EVEN ‘ILLITERATE’? ASPECTS AND BACKGROUND FOR AN UNDERSTANDING OF AΓPAMMATOI (AND IΔIΩTAI) IN ACTS 4.13." New Testament Studies 45, no. 3 (July 1999): 434–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688598004342.

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In Acts 4.13 Peter and John are designated as αγραμματoι... και ιδιωται. Is that phrase meant as a harsh disparagement of the two apostles by the members of the Sanhedrin? On the basis of lexical, contextual, and social-historical evidence this study argues against an evaluation of the double qualification through the eyes of modern people with their usual disregard for illiterates (and non-specialists). The documentary papyri especially present a different, unbiased picture without any social or negative impact of illiteracy and non-specialism. They help to clarify Acts 4.13 and make the terms ‘illiterate people’ and ‘laymen’ acceptable.

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Thung, Michael. "Written Obligations from the 2nd/8th to the 4th/10th Century." Islamic Law and Society 3, no. 1 (1996): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568519962599177.

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AbstractIn this article, based on recent research undertaken in the collection of Arabic papyri of the Austrian National Library in Vienna (Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer), I discuss four unpublished documents discovered in Egypt, all written obligations (adhkār ḥuqūq) dating from the second half of the 2nd/8th century to the first half of the 4th/10th century. These documents provide important documentary evidence for early Islamic legal practice. By comparing the legal content of the documents with the contract formularies used by the ḥanafī jurist al-Ṭaḥāwī (d. 321/933) in his Kitāb adhkār al-ḥuqūq, I investigate the relationship between theory and practice in Islamic Law.

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Palombo, Cecilia. "The View from the Monasteries: Taxes, Muslims and Converts in the “Pseudepigrapha” from Middle Egypt." Medieval Encounters 25, no. 4 (September 3, 2019): 297–344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340048.

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Abstract This paper analyzes a group of homilies composed in Middle Egypt around the early ninth century CE by monastic leaders who had to cope with unsettling changes in local politics and society. The corpus deals with issues of taxation, economic distress and conversion to Islam in subtle and indirect ways, showing the inside perspective of Christian leaders on developments on which we are informed primarily from documentary papyri and historical works. It highlights the view of a certain segment of Egyptian Christianity on Islam and ongoing processes of Islamization, adding to the better-known literary sources from the area of Alexandria, and revealing the existence of internal tensions within the monastic world.

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Mairs, Rachel. "‘Interpreting’ at Vindolanda: Commercial and Linguistic Mediation in the Roman Army." Britannia 43 (June 7, 2012): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x12000219.

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AbstractA fragmentary tablet from Vindolanda(Tab. Vindol. II,213) contains an occurrence of the verbinterpretari(‘interpret’, ‘explain’, ‘mediate’) in an apparently commercial context, relating to the grain supply for the Roman fort. This usage is paralleled in a text on a wooden stilus tablet from Frisia in the Netherlands. ‘Interpreters’ and their activities make rather infrequent appearances in the Latin epigraphic and documentary records. In the Danubian provinces, interpreters (interpretes) are attested as army officers and officials in the office of the provincial governor. ‘Interpreters’, in both Latin and Greek inscriptions and papyri, often, however, play more ambiguous roles, not always connected with language-mediation, but also, or instead, with mediation in commercial transactions.

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Mairs, Rachel. "Hermēneis in the Documentary Record from Hellenistic and Roman Egypt: interpreters, translators and mediators in a bilingual society." Journal of Ancient History 8, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 50–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jah-2019-0001.

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AbstractEgypt of the Hellenistic and Roman periods remains the most thoroughly documented multilingual society in the ancient world, because of the wealth of texts preserved on papyrus in Egyptian, Greek, Latin and other languages. This makes the scarcity of interpreters in the papyrological record all the more curious. This study reviews all instances in the papyri of individuals referred to as hermēneus in Greek, or references to the process of translation/interpreting. It discusses the terminological ambiguity of hermēneus, which can also mean a commercial mediator; the position of language mediators in legal cases in Egyptian, Greek and Latin; the role of gender in language mediation; and concludes with a survey of interpreting in Egyptian monastic communities in Late Antiquity.

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Bentein, Klaas. "Finite vs. non-finite complementation in Post-classical and Early Byzantine Greek." Journal of Greek Linguistics 17, no. 1 (2017): 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-01701002.

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While Classical Greek has a particularly rich complementation system, in later times there is a tendency towards the use of finite complementation. In this context, Cristofaro (1996) has claimed that the Classical opposition whereby the accusative and infinitive is used for non-factive complements, and ὅτι with the indicative and the accusative and participle for factive ones, is disappearing, ὅτι being used as a ‘generic’ complementiser. In this article, I investigate to what extent Cristofaro’s (1996) claim of the pragmatic neutralisation of complementation patterns can be upheld, and whether it could be claimed that a new pragmatic opposition, in terms of ‘register’, is being established. For this purpose, I turn towards documentary papyri, a corpus which is particularly fruitful for socio-historical investigations.

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Schroeder, Caroline T. "Women in Anchoritic and Semi-Anchoritic Monasticism in Egypt: Rethinking the Landscape." Church History 83, no. 1 (March 2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640713001650.

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Outside of hagiography, the evidence for female anchorites in early Christian Egypt remains scarce. House ascetics in cities survive for us in documentary and other sources, but women monks in non-coenobitic, nonurban environments are more difficult to locate, to the point at which some scholars have begun to question their very existence. This essay seeks to change the parameters of the scholarly debate over the nature of non-coenobitic female monastic experience. It examines hagiography, monastic rules and letters, and documentary papyri to reassess the state of the field and to produce a fuller portrait of anchoritic and semi-anchoritic female asceticism. Non-coenobitic women's monasticism existed, and it crossed boundaries of geography and social status, as well as the traditional categories of lavra, eremitic, coenobitic, and house asceticism. This interdisciplinary approach provides insights not only into women ascetics’ physical locations but also into their class, education, and levels of autonomy. An intervention into the historiography of women's asceticism in late antique Egypt, this study ultimately questions the advisability of using traditional categorizations of “anchoritic,” “lavra,” and “coenobitic” to classify female monasticism, because they obscure the particularities and diversity of female ascetic history.

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Whitehorne, John. "Documentary Papyri - (C.A.) La'da (ed.) Greek Documentary Papyri from Ptolemaic Egypt. (Corpus Papyrorum Raineri 28.) Pp. xxii + 229, pls. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2008. Cased, €98, US$137. ISBN: 978-3-11-019523-1." Classical Review 60, no. 1 (March 8, 2010): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x09991430.

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Stolk, Joanne Vera. "Dative by Genitive Replacement in the Greek Language of the Papyri: A Diachronic Account of Case Semantics." Journal of Greek Linguistics 15, no. 1 (2015): 91–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-01501001.

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Semantic analysis of the prenominal first person singular genitive pronoun (μου) in the Greek of the documentary papyri shows that the pronoun is typically found in the position between a verbal form and an alienable possessum which functions as the patient of the predicate. When the event expressed by the predicate is patient-affecting, the possessor is indirectly also affected. Hence the semantic role of this affected alienable possessor might be interpreted as a benefactive or malefactive in genitive possession constructions. By semantic extension the meaning of the genitive case in this position is extended into goal-oriented roles, such as addressee and recipient, which are commonly denoted by the dative case in Ancient Greek. The semantic similarity of the genitive and dative cases in these constructions might have provided the basis for the merger of the cases in the Greek language.

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Bentein, Klaas. "The Greek Documentary Papyri as a Linguistically Heterogeneous Corpus: The Case of the “Katochoi of the Sarapeion” Archive." Classical World 108, no. 4 (2015): 461–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/clw.2015.0052.

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Dahlgren, Sonja, Alek Keersmaekers, and Joanne Stolk. "Language contact in historical documents: the identification and co-occurrence of Egyptian transfer features in Greek documentary papyri." Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 325–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jhsl-2021-0004.

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Abstract The Egyptian-Greek contact situation has lasted almost a thousand years and many documents have been preserved to us from this period. In this paper, we apply a new quantitative approach to this rich corpus of documentary papyri to map the relationships between the linguistic variables (the variant spellings) and several non-linguistic variables. A multidimensional scaling of the co-occurrences of the linguistic variables shows that there is a strong association between most of the Greek variant spellings that can be explained by Egyptian phonological transfer, while others do not typically co-occur with them. Several new linguistic variables not yet connected to Egyptian phonological transfer also show a strong relation with the first group of features, some of them representing the same phonological transfer processes. A comparison of the contexts in which these variables are used allows us to further substantiate this observation: several of the previously and newly Egyptian-associated variables turn out to have a strong correlation with bilingual Egyptian-Greek documents or occur in Egyptian dominated environments. The spelling variants are chronologically dependent and different features are typically associated with different historical periods illustrating changes taking place in the Egyptian Greek contact variety over time. A multiple correspondence analysis shows that the variables strongly interact, illustrating the importance of a multifactorial approach combining various linguistic and non-linguistic factors.

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Bagnall, Roger S. "Materializing Ancient Documents." Daedalus 145, no. 2 (April 2016): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00378.

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Two materially oriented revolutions have transformed the study of ancient documents in recent decades: first, a new interest in the ancient production of written artifacts; and second, the concern with the archaeological contexts, and more particularly the taphonomy–that is, the processes at work in the burial–of those same objects. The first, largely driven by the availability of digital images, has given life to the study of ancient writing as a cultural and social phenomenon and to the social life of written objects. In the process, connections between literary and documentary texts have come to the fore and distinctions between these categories have eroded. The second revolution began with an interest in what archaeological contexts of excavated papyri could tell us about the history of the texts, but it has evolved to see the texts themselves as artifacts engaged in an iterative dialogue with both the contexts and other objects found in them.

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Stolk, Joanne Vera. "Dative Alternation and Dative Case Syncretism in Greek: The Use of Dative, Accusative and Prepositional Phrases in Documentary Papyri." Transactions of the Philological Society 115, no. 2 (December 27, 2016): 212–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.12098.

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Depauw, M., and W. Clarysse. "How Christian was Fourth Century Egypt? Onomastic Perspectives on Conversion." Vigiliae Christianae 67, no. 4 (2013): 407–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700720-12341144.

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Abstract In 1982 Roger Bagnall published a ground-breaking article about conversion to Christianity in fourth century Egypt. Using onomastic data for individuals in seleced texts, he tried to demonstrate that the growth of the Christian element in the population was early and rapid, rising to 90% by the end of the century. A new date for one of the documents led to a revision of the pace of growth in 1987, but his method was never tested on other datasets. In this article we apply an adapted vesion of his method to a large new dataset, containing all attestations of personal names in fourth century documentary papyri and ostraca. We also investigate the accuracy of Christian names as a binary test for Christianity, and estimate the mutiplication factor which can be applied to determine the number of Christians. Our results are similar to the curve which can be distilled from Bagnall’s adapted results in 1987, with 20-30% Christians around 313, a Christian majority around 350 and virtually complete Christianization around the middle of the fifth century.

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Bentein, Klaas. "Minor Complementation Patterns in Post-classical Greek (I–VI AD): A Socio-historical Analysis of a Corpus of Documentary Papyri." Symbolae Osloenses 89, no. 1 (January 2015): 104–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397679.2015.1095012.

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Dickey, Eleanor. "ΚΥΡΙΕ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΑ, Domine. Greek Politeness in the Roman Empire." Journal of Hellenic Studies 121 (November 2001): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/631824.

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AbstractWhy did the Greeks of the Roman period make such extensive use of the vocative κύριε, when Greeks of earlier periods had been content with only one vocative meaning ‘master’, δέσποτα? This study, based primarily on a comprehensive search of documentary papyri but also making extensive use of literary evidence (particularly that of the Septuagint and New Testament), traces the development of both terms from the classical period to the seventh century AD. It concludes that κύριε was created to provide a translation for Latin domine, and that domine, which has often been considered a translation of κύριε, had a Roman origin. In addition, both κύριε and domine were from their beginnings much less deferential than is traditionally supposed, so that neither term underwent the process of ‘weakening’ which converted English ‘master’ into ‘Mr’. δέσποτα, which was originally far more deferential than the other two terms, did undergo some weakening, but not (until a very late period) as much as is usually supposed. These findings in turn imply that Imperial politeness has been somewhat misunderstood and suggest that the Greeks of the first few centuries AD were much less servile in their language than is traditionally assumed.

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Cotton, H. M., W. E. H. Cockle, and F. G. B. Millar. "The Papyrology of the Roman Near East: A Survey." Journal of Roman Studies 85 (November 1995): 214–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/301063.

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Not all students of the Roman world may have realized that, following extensive discoveries in the last few years, Egypt has ceased to be the only part of the Empire from which there are now substantial numbers of documentary texts written on perishable materials. This article is intended as a survey and hand-list of the rapidly-growing ‘papyrological’ material from the Roman Near East. As is normal, ‘papyrology’ is taken to include also any writing in ink on portable, and normally perishable, materials: parchment, wood, and leather, as well as on fragments of pottery (ostraka). The area concerned is that covered by the Roman provinces of Syria (divided in the 190s into ‘Syria Coele’ and ‘Syria Phoenice’); Mesopotamia (also created, by conquest, in the 190s); Arabia; and Judaea, which in the 130s became ‘Syria Palaestina’. These administrative divisions are valid for the majority of the material, which belongs to the first, second and third centuries. For the earlier part of the period we include also papyri from Dura under the Parthian kings (Nos 34, 36–43, and 166), since they belong to the century before the Roman conquest and illustrate the continuity of legal and administrative forms; and five papyri from the kingdom of Nabataea, which after its ‘acquisition’ in 106 was to form the bulk of the new province of Arabia, on the grounds that in some sense dependent kingdoms were part of the Empire (Nos 180–184). Both groups are listed in brackets. We also include the extensive material from the first Jewish revolt (Nos 230–256) and from the Bar Kochba war of 132–5 (Nos 293–331), even though it derives from regimes in revolt against Rome. The private-law procedures visible in the Bar Kochba documents are continuous with those from the immediately preceding ‘provincial’ period (that of the later items in the ‘archive of Babatha’ and other documents). What changes dramatically after the outbreak of the revolt is language use: Hebrew now appears alongside Aramaic and Greek. But even as late as the third year of the revolt we find contracts in Aramaic. Our list at this point will supplement and correct that given by Millar in The Roman Near East, App. B.

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Berenguer-Sánchez, José A. "Vowel hiatus resolution in Koine Greek." Journal of Greek Linguistics 23, no. 1 (May 16, 2023): 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-02301003.

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Abstract The spellings -ις, -ιν instead of -ιος, -ιον are a characteristic feature of Koine Greek. The circumstances in which they arose have constituted a vexed question. Their presence in Egyptian Greek documentary papyri from III BC to VIII AD stands out. Nowadays it is possible, thanks to new digital tools, to access all the regularized spellings in modern editions. Analysis and typological comparison allow us to rethink the hypotheses put forward in previous studies. In particular, it is useful not to study these spellings independently of the spellings -oῦ, -ῶ(ι) instead of -ίου, -ίω(ι). The graphic omission of ⟨o⟩ in some forms and of ⟨ι⟩ in others reflects different results of a vowel hiatus resolution process in sequences of increasing sonority [i.V(C)]. This process is gradient and different allophones could be represented by the same spelling. Of the possible factors for the omission of ⟨o⟩ or ⟨ι⟩, the word accent distribution is the basic cause determining the final form. However, as usually happens in processes of vowel hiatus resolution in other languages, other internal or external factors may also have influenced the results. Due to this gradience in the process and the distinction of glides of different types, the effect of V1 (converted into a glide) on the previous consonant could be different from what has been documented in [Cj] groups in other stages of Greek.

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Painter, Kenneth S., and Ernst Künzl. "Two Documented Hoards Of Treasure." Antiquaries Journal 77 (March 1997): 291–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500075223.

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There has been much discussion by archaeologists in recent years of the reasons for which ancient hoards may have been deposited and not recovered. There is an apparently clear Roman definition of treasure in the Digest: Thesaurus est vetus quaedam depositio pecuniae, cuius non extat memoria ut iam dominum non habeat. There have been increasing difficulties, however, in interpreting this statement and the versions of it which have been incorporated into modern law. In England and Wales, for example, the uncertainties have even led to a replacement of the medieval law of Treasure Trove with a Treasure Act more suited to present-day conditions. In spite of the fact that most discoveries of treasure were made by chance, without adequate records, much of the argument revolves round the details of the deposits, from which attempts are made to infer the motives of those who made them. This speculation cannot be supported by direct evidence, and so, because our own particular interest is in hoards of Roman silver plate, we felt that it might be helpful first to review briefly some of the ancient documentary evidence for hoards of silver plate which the owner intended to recover, from literature and papyri, and then to publish two such hoards with detailed documentation, one from England in the seventeenth century and one from Germany in the twentieth century, which reveal some of the motives, hopes, actions and accidents which actually occur in such circumstances.

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Bultrighini, Ilaria. "THURSDAY (DIES IOVIS) IN THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE." Papers of the British School at Rome 86 (October 27, 2017): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246217000356.

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This paper discusses two scanty but complex groups of sources which seem to suggest that Thursday (dies Iovis, that is, Jupiter's Day in the Roman planetary seven-day week) was a day of rest in honour of Jupiter during the later imperial period: a number of ecclesiastical texts from late antique Gaul and Galicia, and three documentary papyri from Oxyrhynchus. The former imply that an unofficial observance of Jupiter's Day, as opposed to the Christian Lord's Day (Sunday), persisted among the populace despite Church opposition to such deviant behaviour. The latter hint at Thursday being a non-working day for official bureaux during the third and early fourth centuries, before the formalization of Sunday as an official day of rest by Constantine in 321. The paper concludes with reflections on the idea that during the later imperial period — as the use of the planetary week became increasingly popular — Thursday became the most important and sacred day in the Roman seven-day week by reason of being the day dedicated to the chief god of the Roman pantheon and, at the same time, the day associated with the astrologically favourable planet that had been named after Jupiter. If Thursday was ever a day of rest recurring on a hebdomadal basis during the later Roman Empire, it was presumably the Judaeo-Christian tradition of the Sabbath and the Lord's Day that provided pagans with the notion of a weekly feast day.

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Gomes da Silva, Jonas. "Evolution of COVID19 new cases in 16 countries and Scenarios for Brazil using metaphorical analysis of Board, Inverted Pyramid and Papyri." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 560–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss4.2314.

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Since the end of 2019, the world has become aware of a new virus that has emerged in China, which in February 2020 was called by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2019) as Coronavirus disease (COVID19). Due to its fast transmission, at 18:32 (GMT) on March 29, 2020, the world has officially accounted for about 710,950 new confirmed cases with 33,553 deaths and 150,734 recovered cases (Worldometers, 2020). The pandemic has become the newest challenge for several nations, especially the USA, Italy, China, Spain, Germany, Iran, for being the most affected, and since Brazil is a continental country with disabilities in its Unified Health System, it could be in the next two months among the five most affected. Thus, the main objective of the research is analyze the evolution of new cases of COVID19 in 16 countries to present short-term scenarios and recommendations for Brazil to face the pandemic. The research is applied, as its results and recommendations can be applied with adaptation by government authorities, business managers and citizens. The research is descriptive, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, based on bibliographic and documentary research, involving the study of articles, reports, manuals and other technical documents related to the subject. For the creation of scenarios, data collection focused on the number of new cases registered in 16 countries, including Brazil, as well as in the development of an approach using metaphorical analysis of the Board, the Inverted Pyramid and Papyri. The main conclusion is that even though no country is prepared to face epidemics and pandemics (NTI, JHU and EIU, 2019), among the 16 countries investigated, Thailand, Finland, Australia, South Korea, Denmark and Sweden are benchmarks that Brazil could study in order not to repeat the scenarios of China, USA, Italy and Spain. At the end, ten recommendations are made for future research and also to public and private managers.

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Shatzmiller, Maya. "The Economic History of the Medieval Middle East: Strengths, Weaknesses, and the Challenges Ahead." International Journal of Middle East Studies 44, no. 3 (July 26, 2012): 529–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743812000463.

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One may say that our field has had a respectable crop of scholars engaged in research and numerous important publications to its credit. Past investigations of the agricultural sector have included excellent coverage of taxation systems and tax rates, good coverage of cultivation methods and crops, not very thorough coverage of landholding patterns, and almost no studies of productivity rates. For the manufacturing sector we have very good coverage of manufacturing techniques and good coverage of labor organization and division of labor but little on the productivity rates of individual sectors such as textiles, on apprenticeship and wages for either skilled or unskilled labor, or on the relationship of wages to prices. We have important studies on both regional and long-distance trade and commerce, including on routes and trade-related institutions and on tools of trade such as credit and investment partnerships (qirād/commenda), and related studies regarding urbanization, exchange, and markets. The auxiliary fields of numismatics and archeology have yielded important studies on coinage and minting and on settlement patterns that are likely to improve our grasp of the economic history of the medieval Middle East. We also have at our disposal volumes of statistical data, collected from literary and documentary sources, on prices, wages, commodities, weights, measures, and coins. Several online projects scrutinizing data from primary sources, mainly papyri and Geniza documents, yield more figures, though mostly on the economic history of early Islamic societies. Among the lacunae are studies related to topics such as economic institutions, property rights, standards of living and inequality, GDP estimations, sector productivity, market integration, exogenous shocks, and economic growth.

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Krueger, Frederic. "“The Angel of the Topos Shall Bless You”: Preliminary Report on the Cult of the Altar-Angels in Late Antique Egypt." Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum / Journal of Ancient Christianity 26, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 284–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zac-2022-0022.

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Abstract This article presents a first look at some of the key sources and hypotheses of ongoing research on a significant yet ill-studied figure in late antique Egyptian-Christian piety: The “Angel of the Altar,” or “of the Topos,” and later “of the Sacrifice” as he is still invoked in the Coptic liturgy today. Since the 4th century, church canons and literary works aiming to instill fear of the altar in monks and clerics warn of the angel guarding it, who can only be seen by monastic and clerical leaders in visions which become a common feature of post-Chalcedonian Coptic homiletics. This angel figure is identified with God’s destructive power defending the ark/altar/temple in the Old Testament. The “Angel of the Altar” also has the crucial liturgical function of lifting the Eucharistic offering to God. He is even considered the true dispenser or withholder of the Eucharist, overshadowing and potentially nullifying the actions of the priest. Originally an impersonal figure, he is sometimes identified with the specific archangel assigned to the church in question, such as Michael or Raphael. In a further step, it seems that some monastic communities who built their corporate identities on the fame of their respective patron saint began to identify the latter with the “Angel of the Altar,” appropriating the concept for the cult of saints. Documentary papyri show how monastic leaders invoked the Angel as superhuman punisher and blesser in the economic interest of the monastery. It is probably in this context that the variant “Angel of the Topos” emerged, amounting to what seems to be the only technical term for “patron saint of a place” in Coptic.

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Mussies, Gerard. "S.R. LLEWELYN & R.A. KEARSLEY, New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity (vol. 7): A Review of the Greek Inscriptions and Papyri published in 1982-83. The Ancient History Documentary Research Centre, Macquarie University, 1994. V, 287 p. Pr. $30,—(pb)." Mnemosyne 50, no. 3 (1997): 374–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525972609546.

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Stroumsa, Gedaliahu G. "HORSLEY, G. H. R., New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity: A Review of the Greek Inscriptions and Papyri published in 1976-Macquarie University. The Ancient History Documentary Research Centre, 1981. idem, New Documents... 2, 1977 (Macquarie University, 1982). idem, New Documents... 3, 1978 (Macquarie University, 1983)." Numen 34, no. 2 (1987): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852787x00074.

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Elbert, Paul. "G. H. R. HORSLEY, New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity, Volume 3: A Review of the Greek Inscriptions and Papyri published in 1978, pp. iv + 182 (1983), Ancient History Documentary Research Centre, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2113 Australia, $ 40 hard-cover/$ 24 soft-cover for institutions, $ 32/$ 19 for individuals." Novum Testamentum 30, no. 1 (1988): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853688x00055.

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Edwards, Ruth B. "New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity : A Review of the Greek Inscriptions and Papyri published in 1976 by G. H. R. Horsley (North Ryde, New South Wales: The Ancient History Documentary Research Centre, Macquarie University, 1981, v. + 155pp. obtainable direct from the publisher for$40 hb., $24 pb., or $32 and $19 for personal use only)." Evangelical Quarterly: An International Review of Bible and Theology 57, no. 1 (August 29, 1985): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-05701011.

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Hilhorst, A. "S.R. LLEWELYN with the collaboration of R.A. KEARSLEY, New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity (Volume 7). A Review of the Greek Inscriptions and Papyri Published in 1982-83, The Ancient History Documentary Research Centre, Macquarie University 1994, v and 287 pp., paper $A 30,__ (individuals) and 35,__ (institutions), cloth $A 45,__ and 55,__ ISBN 1 86408 154 6 and 1 86408 162 7 (paperback)." Journal for the Study of Judaism 26, no. 3 (1995): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006395x00473.

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