Academic literature on the topic 'Documents administratifs – Aspect social'

Turning to the classics of innovative pedagogy, it is necessary to look for practical ways to implement the normative and legal documents of Ukraine on issues of innovation in education, namely: to pay attention to the terminology, purpose and principles of state innovation policy, objects of innovation activity, subjects. It is important to emphasize that innovations are determined by newly created (applied) and / or improved competitive technologies, products or services, as well as organizational and technical decisions of an industrial, administrative, commercial or other nature that significantly improve the structure and quality of production and (or) social sphere. when educational innovations recognize the first created, improved or applied educational, didactic, educational, management systems, their components, which significantly improve the results of educational activities and reforms.

The article considers the implementation of decentralization processes in the national system of public administration. In the context of socio-economic and political problems in Ukraine, the issues of ensuring the effectiveness of regional development are becoming increasingly important. The existing system of administrative-territorial organization and hierarchy of power, distribution of powers between public administration bodies at the national and regional levels and local self-government bodies was not able to ensure balanced development of territories. The priority was to ensure equal access to social, administrative, communal and other services for the population of both large cities and rural areas. An important aspect of development is the issue of community responsibility for management decisions. Representation of the community in matters of territorial development is of increased relevance. A retrospective analysis of the development of decentralization reform in Ukraine and a system of legislative support for the functioning of amalgamated territorial communities were conducted in order to determine the prospects for further implementation of decentralization reform in Ukraine. Thus, the article considers the regulatory framework for the introduction of a system of decentralization of power in Ukraine. Certain aspects have been identified that have not been elaborated by law and hinder the further development of the system of amalgamated territorial communities. The analysis of the legal framework made it possible to identify the main normative documents regulating decentralization processes in Ukraine, outline their role in the development of decentralization processes, and determine the legal limits of capabilities and obligations of different levels of government, including local government and local government

The article is devoted to identification and analysis of documents of the executive committee of the Volgograd City Council of Workers’ Deputies containing decisions on naming and renaming of streets and squares of the city. As they reflect the historical process, the urbanonyms have great research potential. A comprehensive study of urbanonyms as a historical source involves disclosure of factors motivating to name and rename urban sites and consideration of decision-making process, which in its turn involves a wide range of documentary material. The source base of the study is minutes of meetings and decisions (with appendices) of the Executive Committee of the Volgograd City Council of Workers’ Deputies. In the course of the study, a representative sample collection has been formed, the object of which is the Battle of Stalingrad. Memory of the heroism of the defenders of Stalingrad is the brightest component of the social environment of modern Volgograd. The organizational and administrative documentation has allowed the authors to reconstruct the process of naming and renaming of streets and squares in Volgograd, to determine the mechanism of names selection, to point out specific features of the City Executive Committee’s work on this issue. Documents of Volgograd representative authority contain diverse historical information about the city toponymy: on causes and initiators of naming and renaming of streets and squares; on persons chosen for perpetuation in street names; on financial and technical issues of decisions implementation; on procedure for informing the executive authority bodies of names chosen for urban objects. The sources reveal the difficulties of this process, which are usually subjective in nature. Urbanonyms reflect substantive aspects of the history of city development (historical and military events), they take note of heroic guard units, role of outstanding personalities of the region and the country, population, administrative units, twin cities. In this regard, the attitude of representative authority bodies to preservation of historical memory in form of urbanonyms is important. Historical memory not only is one of the main channels for transmitting experience and information about the past, but also an important component of a person’s self-identification. The authors note that decision-making procedure for naming of streets and squares has changed under modern conditions; it now involves publicity, comprehensive discussion, and collegiality, thus eliminating errors in preparation of documents and implementation of decisions.

Abstract Territorial fragmentation is considered as one of the most problematic characteristics of the Czech municipal system, however, there are no effective ways how to encourage small units to amalgamate. This paper focuses on cases of voluntary mergers that occured in 2002 and 2003, as the number of amalgamated units had no comparison in last 20 years. Through the analysis of documents, data from statistical office, press and interviews with actors we examine the aspect of those mergers such as main causes, process of the merger itself and actors involved. The analysis reveals the amalgamation was not a result of long-term process but more likely an ad hoc solution of problematic situation caused by administrative, economic and socio-demographic factors. This paper was supported by PRVOUK Project No. 17 – Vědy o společnosti, politice a médiích ve výzvách doby [Sciences of Society, Politics, and Media under the Challenge of the Times], Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies.

The purpose of the article is a brief description of the experience of analyzing the conceptual foun-dations of governance in education and other spheres in post-Soviet Russia in comparison with developed democracies; a description of typical approaches to the implementation (imitation) of strategic planning in management, as well as the consequences and specific traits of contextual, a-strategic management. Conceptual management in education and in the context of others is oppose to contextual management. Modern management concepts are externally presented in Russian education and in other areas of management discourse and practice. The system of professional standards developed in the country is designed to solve a number of managerial tasks. However, the non-conceptual use of professional standards leads to an imbalance in subject-object interaction and in organization in whole. This article lists two categories of workers. Non-compliance with the professional requirements is typical to the first category of workers. Failure to comply with professional standards also take part to the professional, partners and personal deformations. These deformations are illustrated by the text of management strategies. Having strategies is an incentive for development. However, the lack of an algorithm for the compilation and evaluation of such documents, the analysis of the importance of this aspect in the process of evaluating the activities of authorities leads to the fact that this strategic management remains unclaimed in the territorial and organizational management system. The authors consider two leading aspects of the problem of territorial strategization: (1) substantiation of the reasons for poor-quality strategic developments; (2) the search for errors in the conceptual management methodology. The roots of the first problem should be found in the imbalances in the formation and development of the subject of management, starting with the problem of improper selection and de-professionalization of managerial personnel. To solve the second problem, the authors propose SEO analysis tools as a methodology for evaluating strategy texts. This tool solves the problem of audit of regional strategies in the context of administrative, socio-psychological and linguistic aspects of public servants in the field of education. The data obtained can also be disseminated to non-governmental educational institutions: in particular, in additional or global education it is extremely important to know its subject, object, purpose and objectives, etc. Otherwise, as in the case of state educational institutions, imitations will arise that are more likely to harm education and society than support it.

In the documents reflecting the modern Russian Federal policy in the field of education, one of the main tasks is defined as the well-being of the family and the formation of trust in the family as a social institution. In the article, the social institution of the family is considered as a leading factor in the aspect of managing the social situation of a child's development. The partnership of the family with the systems of General and non-formal education of children is presented as an effective practice of social and ped-agogical interaction, focused on the social and mental development of children. The fea-tures of social and pedagogical interaction of institutions of General and non-formal education of children with the family as a subject of designing an individual educational trajectory are revealed. It is shown that in the modern conditions of modernization of Russian education, there is a tendency of alienation between the family and the school. The school implements the main directions of work with parents, which reflect its lead-ership and guiding role in this process: increase of their psychological and pedagogical knowledge; involvement in the educational process of the school; involvement in public administration of an educational institution. The family manifests itself as a social part-ner of the institution of non-formal education of children, whose activities assume a fo-cus on matching the interests, inclinations, abilities of children. The implementation of social and pedagogical partnership is based on the establishment of links between the family and the educational environment, in the creation of which it actively participates. The interaction of n-education with the family creates conditions for the motivated par-ticipation of children in the implementation of their educational routes. There is an in-crease in the importance of such educational practices, which can include the family in various types of pedagogical activities as an equal subject, along with children.

The aim of the study is to identify the essence of digitalization and the disclosure of its features as one of the most significant trends in world development, affecting all spheres of public life and especially culture. The study was carried out on the basis of factual data, UN analytical documents, materials from the work of Russian and foreign philosophers, economists, and high-tech specialists. In the research process, the historical genetic method, comparative analysis of scientific concepts and diachronous method were applied. The previously identified megatrends (globalization and democrati-zation) are analyzed, their general characteristics are established. This allowed us to formulate a new definition of megatrend as a global trend that arises in one area of public life, but gradually covers all other areas of social practice. Further, the authors investigated the processes of digitalization in various fields of social practice. It is noted that, historically, digitalization arose in the field of economics and brought certain benefits, which allowed it to spread to other areas of social life. It is emphasized that in the social sector, digitalization has allowed not only to create new jobs and specialties, but also helped to unite people into groups based on information networks. These groups have become active elements of social space, acting not only in the bowels of the network, but also changing the world beyond. In the field of public administration, new technologies have laid the foundation for the development of “e-democracy” and “e-government” – forms of socio-political interaction that can significantly in-crease the level of citizen involvement in government activities, as well as improve their quality of life. The development process and the activities of electronic libraries and virtual museums are analyzed; It has been established that the essence of this activity in the aspect of digitalization consists in popu-larizing the cultural heritage and expanding its integration into social practice. The possibilities of using modern tools of “augmented reality”, which allow to achieve artistic, creative and educational goals, are determined. The authors conclude that the essence of digitalization is a fundamental reorgan-ization of all spheres of public life towards optimization, acceleration, algorithmization, standardiza-tion and unification of controlled processes in these areas, leveling “manual control”, reducing the role of the “human factor” and associated errors through the use of constantly improving networking tech-nologies and devices responsible for the accumulation, processing and storage of information.

The article is devoted to the development of business writing as an independent style of official document flow in Russia. For centuries, documents have been compiled in a language close to the spoken language and contained the individual speech characteristics of the compiler. This continued until the 18th century, when Peter I accelerated the state centralization and reorganized the system of state administration. These changes made it necessary to systematize the document flow and unify legislative acts. Naturally, such activity has led to the ordering of language of documents. As shown in the article, two main trends in the development of business language can be observed during the 18th century: 1) active enrichment of vocabulary and speech turns due to borrowing and terminologization process, caused by the development of various aspects of social life; 2) isolation of genres, regulation of the form of documents and active formation of terminology. This process, which began in the Petrine era, continued for many decades and was not completed under Catherine II.

The relevance of this study is that increasing the dynamics of the social and economic development of the state is impossible without effective public administration, which is largely associated with administrative and procedural legislation. We give a number of arguments justifying the positive role of administrative regulations adopted in the course of the administrative reform in the first decade of this century for the performance of public functions and the provision of public services in improving the efficiency of the executive bodies and their officials. This study also analyzes, on the basis of prosecutorial checks, the qualitative content of administrative regulations of the executive bodies of the Tambov region administration, which enshrines provisions that are not in accordance with applicable law: assignment to the applicant of an obligation not provided by law for the provision of documents not established by federal and regional legislation, as well as to be received in the framework of interagency information interaction; areas of reason for refusing to provide services that were different from the law were introduced. Based on the scientific and theoretical studies of foreign practice, we substantiated the need for the adoption of a federal law “On Administrative Procedures and Administrative Acts”, which would enshrine universal rules for the implementation of administrative procedures, the procedure for adopting administrative acts, and the general principles of administrative procedures that will guide all administrative authorities on the territory of the Russian Federation, which would contribute to the establishment of law and order in the field of public administration.

Article was prepared within the scopes of grant funded by Shota Rustaveli National Scientific Fund of Georgia (FR 17-554 Documentary Sources (Deeds, Epigraphic Inscriptions, Colophons) in the First half of 17th c. (1600-1662) about the Kings of Kartli and Kakheti (research and publication of sources). For thorough study of Iran-Georgian relationships in 16th – 17th centuries research of Georgian-Persian historical documents is of particular interest. These historical documents provide valuable data about social, administrative and state institutes in Georgia.Georgian-Persian historical documents describe dynamically the political, social and religious processes that have taken place in Eastern Georgia due to intervention of Safavid Iran in 16th-17th centuries. Studying of the separate segments of diplomatic monuments – interrelations between Georgian and Persian texts provide precise illustration of Georgian reality and specific nature of political, social and religious relations between Iran and Georgia.Research of Georgian-Persian bilingual deeds clearly shows attempts of Iran to intervene into Georgian landholding system and its substitution with Iranian-Moslem one; Invocation of Georgian kings and the legends on their Persian seals clearly demonstrate the political and religious influence to which they were subjected as a result of Safavid censorship. Based on all these, we can imagine specific nature of operation of Georgian secretariat-chancellery, see the movement of the documents from their composition to their entry into legal force and the term of their effectiveness.Studying of the seals on Persian and Georgian texts of diplomatic monuments allowed identification of important chancellery officials participating in issuance of Georgian-Persian documents, as well as in their consideration and approval.Georgian texts of bilingual documents, with their contents and structure, were entirely based on Georgian traditions of paperwork while the Persian texts complied with Iranian requirements. Iranian diplomatic formulas were adapted to Georgian reality.Georgian-Persian historical deeds provide unbiased description of severe reality resulting from religious and political power of Iran in Eastern Georgia; and Georgians had to fight for maintaining their state, national and religious identity.

De l’Etat-providence à l’Etat social actif, l’accès aux droits sociaux s’est complexifié et individualisé. Depuis les années 1980, la puissance publique, soucieuse de mieux cibler le droit vers les situations singulières et de faire bon usage des deniers publics en sollicitant des contreparties des administrés, a en effet fait surgir de nouveaux dispositifs qui ont tout à la fois multiplié et restreint le profil des bénéficiaires. Et si cette transformation éloignait les populations vulnérables du droit ? Pour analyser comment l’accès aux droits sociaux s’effectue concrètement dans ces circonstances, cette thèse approche de près les pratiques d’écriture qui accompagnent la constitution de dossiers administratifs personnels. Elle s’appuie sur plusieurs enquêtes ethnographiques effectuées au guichet d’un service municipal de logement, auprès d’un bailleur HLM, dans une association pour personnes surendettées, dans un cabinet ministériel, dans une mairie d’arrondissement, dans un service social et au domicile des administrés. Se classer dans un formulaire de demande de HLM, prouver son surendettement à l’aide de pièces justificatives, exercer un recours gracieux auprès d’un ministre : dans ce travail, la « paperasse » apparaît comme une activité protéiforme qui mobilise des manières hétérogènes de s’écrire et de se penser dans le droit, et qui s’exerce auprès de plusieurs guichets à la fois. Lorsque le sens des catégories juridiques se transforme d’un cadre institutionnel à un autre, comment établir une éligibilité au sein d’un dossier ? En suivant les administrés dans leur traversée d’un espace administratif différencié, cette thèse met en lumière l’immense travail cognitif, juridique, émotionnel et biographique que la démarche administrative suppose et engendre, et, ce faisant, pointe les écueils possibles de l’accès au droit
In the wake of the transformation of the French welfare state, the conditions for gaining access to social rights have changed. Since the 1980s, social policies target smaller populations and increase the control over the “good use” of public money by making greater demands on individuals in return for subsidies. The question is whether this transformation creates distance between vulnerable populations and social institutions? In order to describe how individuals gain eligibility to social law under these new circumstances, this thesis takes a close look at the practices of writing that are meant to establish a “good record”. The ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in the archives and at the counters of a municipal administration, at a social housing office, at an association for over-indepted citizens, at a welfare office, at the state secretary for poverty, as well as with overindepted families. Filling out forms, gathering papers to prove over-indeptedness, and appealing to a decision before the state secretary: “paperwork” is a multiform activity, drawing on various ways of thinking about oneself and about legality. As legal categories can change their meaning and implications from one institutional frame to another, how do individuals establish coherence within their file? By following citizens and files through a highly differentiated administrative landscape, this thesis highlights the immense amount of cognitive, emotional, biographical and legal work necessary to gain access to social rights

Les réhabilitations sont ici considérées comme des opérations de transformation de la matérialité de l'espace habité, initiées et gérées par les organismes HLM et destinées à modifier les pratiques socio-spatiales des locataires. Ainsi analysées, comment les réhabilitations s'intègrent-elles dans les processus d'appropriation de l'espace par les habitants ? L'étude de deux opérations montre que la réhabilitation intervient dans deux processus entrelacés, l'un de l'espace domestique et l'autre de l'espace collectif. Chacun des ménages intervient sur la matérialité de l'espace domestique (en nettoyant, salissant, bricolant, etc. ) et l'ajuste ainsi finement à ses aspirations, valeurs et normes. Il construit simultanément une image valorisée du logement qui cristallise une identité socio-spatiale : les habitants se disent "ancrés" dans leur lieu de vie. Les ménages s'approprient l'espace domestique réhabilité en intégrant les nouveaux aménagements dans la construction de l'image de leur logement et bien souvent en réalisant leurs propres adaptations matérielles (travaux personnels complémentaires, etc. ). Les groupes d'habitants s'approprient les espaces collectifs (l'immeuble à Gennevilliers, la résidence à Garches) en les identifiant dans leur globalité et leur spécificité par rapport au quartier (mais cette identification ne donne pas lieu à la construction d'un identité socio-spatiale marquée) et en élaborant et respectant des règles et normes comportementales spatialisées, permettant un usage partagé de l'espace commun. Si la réhabilitation semble représenter une opportunité pour créer de nouvelles relations de voisinage et valoriser l'image de l'espace collectif, d'autres facteurs s'opposent à l'émergence de nouvelles pratiques d'appropriation collective.

L'histoire de la conception du vieillissement comporte différentes étapes auxquelles correspondent diverses théories sociales. La dernière de ces phases a vu l'émergence d'un nouveau modèle culturel de la retraite qui se traduit par une modification des pratiques développées par les jeunes retraités, ainsi que par une redéfinition de leur place sociale. Au travers de ce travail, nous nous sommes proposé d'étudier les caractéristiques de ces nouveaux retraités en nous penchant sur les différentes stratégies permettant de gérer la sortie du monde professionnel, selon que la retraite est abordée ou non, avec un projet de vie. Selon notre principale hypothèse, de l'existence de ce projet, déterminée par nombre d'éléments préexistants, dépend le vécu de la retraite. Cette adaptation à la vie post-professionnelle touche à la fois aux représentations, individuelles et collectives, aux activités temporelles et à la recomposition apportée au réseau de sociabilité. Ainsi, la stratégie d'anticipation, qui implique une réflexion sur le vieillissement avant la retraite, génère la formulation d'un projet, qui permet, lors de la cessation d'activité, de mettre en place un certain nombre d'activités génératrices de lien social, ce qui entraîne un bon vieillissement. A l'inverse, une stratégie d'accomodation, n'implique pas cette anticipation et permet seulement de réagir face à une situation de crise. Pour mener à bien ces investigations, un questionnaire en situation de face à face a été proposé à quatre populations distinctes : une centaine de répondants âgés de 55 à 59 ans, une centaine, de 60 à 64 ans, une centaine de 65 à 69 ans et une centaine de participants à une cession du centre gérontologique des Arcades de Troyes. Cette construction d'échantillon a permis de mesurer les orientations vers l'une ou l'autre stratégie et les effets de la retraite selon l'âge, ainsi que la portée d'une structure gérontologique enracinée dans le nouveau modèle culturel du vieillissement
The story of the conception of ageing includes differents stages which suits with differents social theories. The last of these stages saw the emergence of a new cultural model of retirement which expresses a change of the new retired persons" customs and a redefinition of their social position. By this work, we tried to study these people's characteristics, studying the differents strategies allowing the management of the end of acting life, according to the retirement is approched or not with a project of life. According to our main hypothesis, the real-life of the retirement depends on the existence of this project, which depends itself of various elements. The adaptation to the life beyond the professional life, concerns the representations, individual and collective, the temporal activities and the recomposition of the social network. That way, the "forseeing strategy", which includes a thought by the ageing before the retirement, generates the expression of a project, which allows, at the time of the cessation of professional activity, to have a good many activities generative of social links, what it leads a good ageing. In the other way, a "adapting strategy" doesn't implicate this anticipation and allows only the reaction to a crisis situation. In order to lead these inquiry, we submitted a questionnaire, face to face, to four differents populations : a hundred of persons 55 to 59 years old, a hundred 60 to 64 years old, a hundred 65 to 69 years old, and a hundred persons who participate in the session of activities to the gerontological center of the Arcades at Troyes. This building of sample permitted to measure the choices of one or the other strategies, and the result of the retirement according to the age, and the effect of a gerontological structure set in the new cultural model of ageing

Nous savons que nous vivons dans un monde complexe où les symptômes peuvent être la manifestation de l'époque, ils sont pour nous comme hiéroglyphes que nous devons déchiffrer. La danse, en tant qu'institution, est un paradigme du discours de l'idéal social, dans lequel les danseurs/danseuses sont immergé(e)s, qui les enferme dans une stricte aliénation, les assujettissant à des règles qui contribuent au contrôle social en les obligeant à construire une représentation de leur image corporelle qui modifie leur équilibre psychosomatique. Pourtant une certaine souffrance du corps, chez les danseurs/danseuses, se manifeste d'une façon paradoxale, puisqu'elle s’accompagne d'une certaine jouissance. La souffrance physique du corps, est un phénomène complexe qui apparaîtrait dans les groupes de danse classique professionnelle comme liée à une souffrance psychique consécutive à des facteurs sociaux, politiques, économiques et culturels. Toutefois, cette souffrance se manifeste entre autres dans des comportements alimentaires comme l'anorexie et la boulimie, peut-être à cause de la violence qui existe dans le milieu de la danse dans le but de construire un corps modelé, obéissant et performant. Pour comprendre comment la production esthétique s’annonce symboliquement dans le registre du désir, le désir d'un autre, où le narcissisme du danseur ou de la danseuse les amène à avoir un corps souffrant comme manifestation de leur identité, de sa recherche d'identité. Que cherchent-ils/elles ou qu'ont-ils/elles perdu dans cet exercice de parler sans voix mais en dansant avec son corps ? Pourquoi peuvent-ils/elles tenir et supporter autant de douleur et de souffrance ?
Every one of us knows that we are living in a complex world where the symptoms can be the manifestation of our times; they are coming to us like a hieroglyphics that we must decipher. The Dance, as an institution, is a paradigm of the speech of the social ideal, where dancers are immersed and are prisoner in a strict alienation, they have to follow the rules and contributes the social control. They are obligated to build a representation of their body image that modifies their psychosomatic balance. However this suffering of the Dancer body's, we can find that it appears in a paradoxical way, because it becomes with a certain "enjoyment". The physical suffering of the body is a complex phenomena that appears in the professional classic dancers groups, as a result of a consecutive psychic suffering and some others influences like society, politics, culture and economy. This sufferance can be found like alimentary disorders as anorexia and bulimia produced by the violence existent in the dancing media who tries to build one perfect and performed body model. In order to better understand how the esthetic production are pronounced in a symbolic way in the desire of other, we have to follow the narcissism of the dancer, who carry him to have one suffer body as a manifestation of their identity. What are they searching of or what have they lost in this exercise of speak with out voice but communicating with the dance of their body's? Why must they support so much pain and suffering?

Le but de cette recherche est d'étudier la relation qui peut exister entre la stérilité et les dysfonctions sexuelles chez le couple libanais. Nous avons eu des entretiens avec soixante couples à l'hôpital Hotel-Dieu à Beyrouth. Les patients venaient de milieux socio-culturels différents et présentaient des stérilités primaires et secondaires. Ce travail est consacré aux questions psychologiques que pose l'infertilité. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que le désir d'enfant est non seulement soumis aux phénomènes inconscients mais aussi aux conditions sociales. Les troubles sexuels ne sont pas causés directement par l'infertilité, les patients qui se présentaient en consultation souffraient déjà de ces troubles depuis le mariage, quarante deux cas sur soixante ayant des dysfonctions sexuelles: frigidité quatorze cas, dyspareunie trois cas, frigidité plus dyspareunie vingt et un cas, vaginisme quatre cas, impuissance trois cas, aucun cas d'éjaculation précoce. La réussite des thérapies améliore la relation conjugale mais n'améliore pas la sexualité des couples puisque les femmes qui ont déjà des enfants et celles qui arrivent à procréer restent toujours inhibées sexuellement malgré la réalisation du désir d'enfant. La procréation médicalement assistée reste un moyen thérapeutique non demandé
The aim of this research is to study the relation that may exist between sterility and sexual dysfunctions in the Lebanese couple. Sixty couples with primary and secondary sterility from different socio-cultural environment were interviewed by the researcher herself at Hotel-Dieu hospital in Beirut. The aim of this study is to answer the various psychological questions. Results of this study reveal that the desire to have a child is not only submitted to unconscious phenomena but also to social conditions. Sexual disorders are not directly caused by infertility, patients who came for clinical consultation had already suffered of these disorders since their marriage, forty two cases over sixty had sexual dysfunctions; frigidity fourteen cases, frigidity and dyspareunia twenty-one cases, dyspareunia three cases, vaginismus four cases, impotence three cases, any case of premature ejaculation. The success of therapy ameliorates conjugal relation but does not ameliorate sexuality in couples because women who had children, and those who can procreate both remain inhibited sexually and they always said that they are frigid. Medically assisted procreation remains a therapeutic non demanded by patients

Contexte : Le délai d’accès au traitement pour cancer est un aspect important de la qualité des soins. Compte tenu de l’augmentation du nombre de cancers, les établissements de soins seront amenés à traiter un nombre élevé de patients atteints de cancers. Notre objectif était d’étudier le délai d’accès au traitement après le diagnostic de cancer chez les patients atteints de cancers du côlon (CC), du rectum-anus (RC) ou du poumon (CP) ainsi que les facteurs associés et l’impact des inégalités sociales.Méthode : A l’aide de codes diagnostiques de la classification internationale des maladies et de codes de la classification commune des actes médicaux, nous avons sélectionné dans la base du programme de médicalisation des systèmes d’information de nouveaux patients diagnostiqués pour CC, RC et CP en 2009-2010 et traités. Les informations sur ces patients ont été croisées avec celles des bénéficiaires d’affection longue durée pour ces cancers et avec celles de l’indice de désavantage social.Résultats : Nous avons inclus 15 694, 6 623 et 14 596 patients atteints et traités respectivement pour CC, CR et CP. Les délais médians entre l’endoscopie et l’accès à : 1) la chirurgie chez les patients avec un parcours chirurgical pour CC, CR et CP étaient respectivement de 22 (Q25 = 14; Q75 = 34), 97 (Q25 = 34; Q75 = 141), et 44 (Q25 = 26; Q75 = 82) jours ; 2) la chimiothérapie chez les patients avec un parcours non-chirurgical pour CC, CR et CP étaient respectivement de 36 (Q25 = 21; Q75 = 59), 40 (Q25 = 27; Q75 = 59) et 33 (Q25 = 22; Q75 = 49) jours; 3) la radiothérapie chez les patients avec un parcours non-chirurgical chez les patients avec CR et CP étaient respectivement de 53 (Q25 = 39; Q75 = 78) et 88 (Q25 = 46; Q75 = 162) jours; 4) au premier traitement, quel que soit le parcours, était de 23 (Q25 = 14; Q75 = 35), 43 (Q25 = 27; Q75 = 74) et 34 (Q25 = 22; Q75 = 50) jours respectivement pour CC, CR et CP. Le délai d’accès au premier traitement variait selon les régions. Il était long dans la plupart des régions du nord et dans les départements d’Outre-mer, court dans les régions d’Île-de-France, du sud, de l’est et parfois de l’ouest pour les trois cancers. En analyse multiniveau, l’âge et le statut de l’établissement du premier traitement étaient significativement associés au délai d’accès au premier traitement pour CC. Ces facteurs, y compris l’indice de désavantage social étaient significativement associés au délai d’accès au premier traitement pour le CR et le CP. Le délai d’accès au premier traitement augmentait avec l’âge. Il était plus élevé dans les hôpitaux publics comparés aux hôpitaux privés et faible chez les patients des communes les moins défavorisées comparés aux patients des communes les plus défavorisées. Conclusion : A notre connaissance, cette étude est la première à décrire les délais d’accès au traitement après endoscopie chez les patients atteints de cancer à partir des bases médico-administratives en France. Les résultats, qui compléteront ceux issus des données registres de cancers et des réseaux régionaux de cancérologie, pourront être utiles aux décideurs politiques dans la mise en place de recommandations de prise en charge des cancers
Background: timeliness of cancer treatment is an important aspect of health quality. Care centers are expected to treat a growing number of patients with cancer. Our objectives were to examine treatment times from diagnosis to first-course therapy for patients with colon (CC), rectum-anus (RC), and lung (LC) cancers and assess factors associated with time to-treatment and the impact of deprivation index.Methods: using the international classification of diseases and medical procedures codes, from national hospital discharge database which has been crossed with long term illness data and French deprivation Index information, we selected patients newly diagnosed for CC, RC or LC in 2009-2010 who had undergone treatment.Results: We included 15,694, 6,623 and 14,596 patients diagnosed and treated for CC, RC and LC respectively. Median times from endoscopy to: 1) surgery in patients with a surgical treatment pathway for CC, RC, and LC were 22 (Q25 = 14; Q75 = 34), 97 (Q25 = 34; Q75 = 141), and 44 (Q25 = 26; Q75 = 82) days, respectively; 2) to chemotherapy for patients with a non-surgical treatment pathway, for CC, RC, and LC were 36 (Q25 = 21; Q75 = 59), 40 (Q25 = 27; Q75 = 59), and 33 (Q25 = 22; Q75 = 49) days respectively; 3) to radiotherapy in RC and LC patients were 53 (Q25 = 39; Q75 = 78) and 88 (Q25 = 46; Q75 = 162) days respectively; 4) to first treatment, irrespective of pathway and treatment combination for CC, RC and LC were 23 (Q25 = 14; Q75 = 35), 43 (Q25 = 27; Q75 = 74), and 34 (Q25 = 22; Q75 = 50) days respectively.Time to first treatment vary across regions. It was longer in most northern regions and in overseas districts and shorter in Île-de-France, southern, eastern and sometimes in western regions for the three cancers. In multilevel analysis, Age and status of the first care center were significantly associated to time to first treatment in CC patients. Similar factors, including Deprivation index, were significantly associated to time to first treatment in RC and LC patients. The time to first treatment increased with age. It was higher in public hospitals compared to private hospitals and low in patients with low deprivation index compared to patients with high deprivation index. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study based on medico-administrative database describing time to first treatment after endoscopy in patients suffering from cancers in France. The results, which will complement those from cancer registry data and regional networks of cancerology, could inform decision-making policies on the implementation of guidelines on timeframes for cancer treatment access

Le problème de la modélisation de l'arbitrage du choix modal entre voiture particulière et transport collectif en milieu urbain peut paraître banal, mais il est toujours d'actualité et reste très délicat. L'existence des conditions objectives de l'augmentation du taux de motorisation de la population est indiscutable. La conséquence en est l'augmentation de la part de la population se trouvant devant le choix "voiture particulière - transports collectifs". La seule prise en considération des facteurs coût et temps de déplacement ne suffit pas à expliquer le comportement des individus dans certaines situations. C'est notamment vrai lorsqu'une bonne partie des usagers utilise l'automobile quand le temps de déplacement en voiture est égal ou supérieur au temps de déplacement en transports collectifs. Ce choix, surtout en milieu urbain, comprend une composante plus subjective que la valeur du temps : la composante psychologique. Une tentative de calculer l'influence de cette composante, ainsi que l'influence de la valeur du temps sur l'arbitrage "voiture particulière - transports en commun" est l'objectif principal de cette recherche. Le modèle est appliqué à la ville de Kharkov, Ukraine

Depuis le 6 mai 1994, date de l'inauguration officielle du tunnel sous la Manche, la Grande-Bretagne n'est plus une île. La réalisation de cet ouvrage gigantesque, puis la mise en service du système de transport d'Eurotunnel ont eu de nombreuses répercussions sur les régions directement concernées. Quelle a été l'incidence du tunnel, de sa conception à son exploitation, sur le Kent ? La problématique a été envisagée dans un premier temps sous l'angle historique, juridique, technique et financier. Dans un deuxième temps, le thème essentiel de la recherche a été abordé, à savoir l'incidence du projet d'un point de vue socio-économique à partir des prévisions des consultants. Dans un troisième temps, l'analyse a porté sur l'impact socio-économique réel du tunnel sur le Kent au cours des trois premières années d'exploitation. En conclusion, ce travail amène une réflexion sur la place d'une réalisation telle que le tunnel sous la Manche dans une perspective d'intégration européenne
On May 6 1994, the channel tunnel was inaugurated ; since that day, Great-Britain is no longer an island. The accomplishment of this huge construction and the starting up of Eurotunne transport system have had a lot of repercussions on the surrounding regions. What is the impact, from its conception to its operation, of the channel tunnel on Kent ? First of all, the problematics has been considered from an historical, juridical, technical and financial angle, secondly, the main aspect of the research, that is to say, the impact of the project from a socio-economic point of view, on the basis of the forecasts of the consultants, has been investigated. Thirdly, the analysis has dealt with the actual socio-economic impact of the tunnel on Kent over the first three years of operation. To conclude, this study leads to a reflection on the role of a realization such as the channel tunnel in a perspective of european integration

La généralisation de l'usage du téléphone mobile en Afrique et au Gabon, est un phénomène réel. Comportement sans précédent, il fait directement appel à la question des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication et à son penchant immédiat : "La société de l'Information". Dans cette effervescence pour le mobile, de nombreuses questions méritent d'être posées. Et la plus importante d'entres elles, est justement celle de savoir pourquoi cette engouement ? Au détour de cette question, on finit par se rendre compte que, cet attachement n'a rien de bien révélateur au niveau économique. En tout cas pour l'instant. Tant est-il qu'aucune révolution économique n'est jusque là perceptible au travers de cet usage massif du portable au Gabon. Si un engouement au sein des différents publics et une demande croissante des moyens de communication modernes (Internet, fax et téléphone mobile) ne fait plus l'ombre d'aucun doute, l'usage de la téléphonie mobile apparaît seulement comme un palliatif aux carences observées dans le réseau filaire. Ainsi considérons-nous l'attachement pour le téléphone portable comme une nécessité de communication. Cela étant, ce que l'on peut extraire de l'implantation généralisée du téléphone mobile en Afrique de façon générale, et au Gabon en particulier, est en termes de relations interpersonnelles, de sociabilités et de lien social
The generalization of the use of the mobile phone in Africa and Gabon in specific is a reality. It is a behavior with no precedent. It thus raises the question of information technologies and new forms of communication. This in turn invokes the issue of "information era". In this effervescence for mobile telephony, many questions deserve to be posed. Undoubtedly the most significant one is: why this passion? With a critical analysis of this question on realizes that currently this technological developpement doesn't have any importance at least from an economic standpoint. Despite the lack of economic evolution, there is an increasing usage of mobile pones in Gabon. Thus we treat people' attachment to the mobile phones as a need of communication. That being the lesson which one can learn from the generalized establishment of the mobile phones in Africa and in Gabon in particular, one can look at mobile phone usage in terms of interpersonal relations and social relations

Considerando a presença secular da Marinha do Brasil nos municípios de Corumbá e Ladário, objetiva-se levar ao conhecimento do meio acadêmico e sociedade civil, com vistas a evidenciar, de maneira geral, a importância da força naval na fronteira Oeste do país e de forma específica fortalecer a consciência marítima no consciente coletivo das populações das regiões apreciadas e demonstrar a contribuição econômica, social e proteção ambiental da marinha nas regiões de Corumbá e Ladário. Para tanto se procede à metodologia de pesquisa documental com ênfase em documentos públicos, administrativos e jurídicos. Desse modo, observa-se que ao serem analisados os dados pertinentes a orçamento, pagamento de pessoal, licitações, recolhimento de impostos e na proteção e fiscalização dos aspectos ambientais, permite-se concluir que juridicamente a marinha brasileira contribui de forma difusa e coletiva para o desenvolvimento econômico e social da região, irrigando recursos nos mais diversos segmentos, em projetos sociais relevantes e no apoio fiscalizador de atividades que possam trazer danos ambientais.

Esta obra se debruça sobre diálogos entre políticas públicas e direito, trazendo artigos científicos de diversos autores brasileiros acerca da participação e da sua efetividade na sociedade contemporânea. O livro apresenta um olhar interdisciplinar, sendo composto por capítulos escritos por pesquisadores não só da área jurídica, como também de Psicologia, Biologia, Odontologia e Pedagogia. A divisão dos capítulos parte de temas mais relacionados à participação política por diferentes vias, passando pelas demandas por efetivação dos direitos humanos, sem retrocesso social. Em seguida, transita por violações específicas no âmbito dos direitos a educação, igualdade racial e de gênero, moradia, dignidade física, psíquica e sexual, segurança pública e saúde. O primeiro capítulo discute em que medida foi eficaz a participação popular na tramitação da reforma política na Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil. Descreve as vias de participação popular nesse âmbito e discute seus efeitos na tramitação da referida reforma, a partir dos procedimentos metodológicos de revisão bibliográfica, análise de documentos, estudo de caso e process tracing com elite interviewing, em abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados indicam que, embora tenha havido aumento da participação popular institucional no período sob enfoque, o parlamento aplicou não decisões em relação à reforma política intencionada pelas entidades da sociedade civil que organizaram as provocações ao Poder Legislativo. Em seguida, o segundo capítulo tem como principal objetivo a análise acerca do Portal e-Democracia e o seu papel para uma maior democracia participativa de, principalmente, inclusão das minorias sociais. Estuda a relação entre a democracia brasileira e a participação popular, investiga o porquê do Portal e-Democracia ser tão necessário para a defesa dos direitos das minorias sociais, bem como explica a importância da participação popular legislativa das minorias sociais. Esta pesquisa parte de fontes bibliográficas primárias e secundárias, com revisão bibliográfica e análise do próprio portal em estudo. O estudo conclui que é essencial a criação de políticas públicas para a participação política das minorias sociais, sendo uma delas o mencionado portal eletrônico, porém esta medida isolada não resolve a presente questão, sendo necessárias políticas públicas de fácil acesso a todos e todas. O terceiro capítulo aborda as relações que conectam o princípio da vedação ao retrocesso social com as manifestações que apoiam o movimento de retorno da ditadura militar no Brasil no século XXI. Para tanto, no primeiro momento, os autores elucidam os conceitos de vedação ao retrocesso social, bem como o significado do chamado efeito cliquet, o qual corrobora com os ditames fixados do respectivo princípio, haja vista que, no alpinismo, significa que quando atingida uma determinada altura, não se pode mais voltar. Contextualizam, ademais, as heranças e as consequências da ditadura militar no Brasil, além de analisarem as manifestações que têm ocorrido na atualidade em prol de um retrocesso ao período ditatorial. O trabalho comprova que a volta da ditadura militar seria uma afronta ao princípio da vedação ao retrocesso social, uma vez que extinguiria e revogaria direitos fundamentais já consolidados no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e regressaria a um período autoritário, que não se coaduna com o Estado Democrático de Direito. Conectando-se à discussão acerca de retrocessos e inefetividade de direitos, o quarto capítulo mergulha no debate democrático acerca da expansão da educação superior brasileira e das políticas de acesso que promoveram um significativo acréscimo de ingressantes nos cursos de graduação no Brasil. O trabalho atende a pesquisa bibliográfica e fundamenta-se na revisão de literatura com o suporte teórico de autores e legislações da área afim, refletindo sobre o processo de evolução e inclusão mediante a implementação de programas e ações afirmativas para a educação superior que corroboraram para dirimir o caráter elitista impregnado no perfil deste nível de ensino. Embora distante de reparar as injustiças sociais no Brasil, tais políticas geraram um número maior de ingressantes das camadas menos favorecidas da sociedade e, com isso, a representatividade dos grupos denominados de minorias aumentou, ainda que de modo tímido, mas refletindo na redução do déficit de acesso ao ensino superior. Ainda sobre desigualdades na educação no país, no quinto capítulo as autoras investigam como a discussão sobre o mito da democracia racial no Brasil impulsionou práticas racistas ao longo do tempo e como, a partir de um viés multiculturalista, se assentam as políticas afirmativas, com destaque para a política de cotas para ingresso de negros e pardos nas Universidades, implementadas a partir de 2012. Apontam, para tanto, que a construção deste mito não se coaduna com questões mais modernas e de relevo econômico e social que pautaram a promoção de políticas afirmativas no Brasil. Nesta senda, as políticas sociais afirmativas de cotas são medidas tomadas pelo Estado, de cunho temporário ou especial, com o objetivo de assegurar igualdade de oportunidades e que foram negadas historicamente para a população afro. Para embasar este artigo, foi utilizada a metodologia de revisão bibliográfica e a análise documental das políticas afirmativas de cotas. O capítulo seguinte aventa que as relações sociais são produtos da vida em sociedade e caracterizam-se, essencialmente, pela interação que há entre seus componentes considerando territórios, culturas, identidade e ideias. Contudo, é da natureza dessa dinâmica social que alguns grupos sociais se sobressaiam sobre os demais e imponham seus interesses pessoais acima dos interesses públicos, prejudicando, assim, a concretização de interesses gerais. Dessa maneira, com o intuito de explicar como essas relações de poder e de domínio influenciam na concretização de políticas públicas, o trabalho se propôs a analisar qual o protagonismo que os agentes sociais têm nessa fase. Como exemplo prático dessa discussão acadêmica, analisa-se como a elite governante brasileira busca conciliar seus interesses com a efetivação de políticas públicas habitacionais. Em outro aspecto de violação de direitos através de deficiências de políticas públicas, o sétimo capítulo analisa a evolução da taxa de homicídios no Brasil, verificando grande heterogeneidade entre os estados. Isso constitui uma deficiência estrutural grave, que compromete as bases do desenvolvimento no país. Assim, o propõe-se o entendimento da correlação das taxas de homicídios no Brasil em um período de 10 anos, verificando que os estados do Rio Grande do Norte, Goiás, Maranhão e Piauí se correlacionaram positivamente, apresentando um aumento na taxa de homicídios, enquanto Espírito Santo e Paraíba obtiveram redução. Diante dos resultados, destaca-se a atenção às políticas de segurança pública e conclui-se que é possível identificar padrões estruturais das distintas dinâmicas de homicídios contribuindo para e informações relevantes que possam subsidiar a implantação e efetividade das políticas públicas no país. Na seara das violências, o oitavo capítulo destaca aquelas cometidas contra mulheres no ambiente doméstico no bairro de Narandiba, em Salvador-BA. O artigo tem como objetivo geral analisar a possibilidade ou não de ampliação no atendimento às mulheres que sofrem violência doméstica através da unidade do Centro Judiciário de Solução Consensual de Conflitos (CEJUSC), órgão vinculado ao Tribunal de Justiça da Bahia, localizado no bairro de Narandiba, em Salvador. Como primeiro objetivo específico, examina se o acolhimento dessas vítimas estaria em conformidade com o regulamento e a missão que fundamenta o trabalho do CEJUSC. Como segundo objetivo específico, reflete sobre a demanda de mulheres, vítimas de agressão doméstica, que passam pela unidade de Narandiba em busca de um apoio ou uma orientação jurídica. Em termos metodológicos, o artigo é qualitativo e analisa o tema proposto utilizando a revisão bibliográfica, a análise de documentos e a observação da autora durante o período de janeiro a outubro de 2019. As violências domésticas atingem, não raro, a dignidade sexual de crianças e adolescentes. Assim, a conexão para o nono capítulo apresenta as etapas da perícia psicológica nos casos de suspeita de abuso sexual, tendo como enfoque os instrumentos e testes psicológicos mais utilizados nestas avaliações. Os objetivos específicos englobam conceituar avaliação psicológica e abuso sexual, bem como trazer técnicas da Psicologia que melhor respaldem o psicólogo nesse processo de avaliação. O método deste estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. A avaliação psicológica pericial difere de outros tipos de avaliação psicológica em função de sua meta final onde atua subsidiando decisões legais quando estas dependem de um entendimento de funcionamento psicológico do(s) envolvidos(s) nos casos de suspeita de abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes. Abuso sexual é qualquer contato ou interação entre uma criança ou adolescente e alguém em estágio psicossexual mais avançado do desenvolvimento, na qual a criança ou adolescente estiver sendo usado para estimulação sexual do perpetrador. As avaliações psicológicas têm sido requisitadas em todas as fases de encaminhamento dos casos, da notificação ao processo judicial. Desde a fase inicial ou investigativa, a criança pode passar por inúmeras intervenções (entrevistas, aplicação de testes psicológicos, etc), inclusive de psicólogos que não atuam diretamente com a justiça, mas que acabam colaborando no processo quanto à veracidade da situação de abuso. Não obstante possam ser vítimas de diversas violações de direitos, por vezes crianças e adolescentes entram em conflito com a lei. Nesse contexto, o décimo capítulo investiga a contribuição da aplicabilidade da entrevista terapêutica no processo de avaliação psicológica de adolescentes em conflito com a lei, descrevendo as características de adolescentes, explicando a função da Psicologia e elucidando entrevista terapêutica como ferramenta diferencial na avaliação psicológica desses adolescentes. Como metodologia foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, com base em livros e artigos científicos, com tratamento particular de publicações da área de Psicologia e da legislação específica sobre os direitos do adolescente. Como resultados, os adolescentes em conflitos com a lei apresentam características que se fundamentam em aspectos históricos, sociais e culturais e a entrevista terapêutica mostrou-se como importante na contribuição da avaliação psicológica desses adolescentes, uma vez que se dispõe como uma técnica de analise aberta, capaz de se ajustar a diferentes situações clínicas, com possibilidades de descobrir as subjetividades, conhecer comportamentos, indicar encaminhamentos ou fazer intervenções. Diante de uma realidade vivencial complexa e aprisionadora, a avalição psicológica é uma prática relacional, que visa com alteridade contribuir para incluir socialmente os adolescentes. É certo que a mudança comportamental dos adolescentes infratores requer apoio familiar e um trabalho multidisciplinar, que não comporta apenas o papel do Psicólogo, mas, o envolvimento do Estado e da sociedade como um todo em ações conjuntas, para efetivamente produzir transformações. Conclui-se que o estudo produziu uma discussão importante, por dispor conhecimentos para área da Psicologia, profissionais que atuam e para a sociedade, que podem melhor conhecer os espaços de intervenção, meios de atuação e a importância da psicologia neste contexto. Nessa linha de discussão que abarca questões relacionadas à saúde, o capítulo seguinte analisa a judicialização do direito à saúde. Esse direito, conforme o artigo 196 da Constituição Federal, pertence a todos e é dever do Estado fornecê-lo por meio de políticas públicas. Entretanto, a possibilidade de exercício por todos do referido direito fica limitada aos recursos disponíveis e por ações judiciais no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O objetivo geral, portanto, é analisar se a judicialização da saúde é a solução mais adequada para se obter uma vaga de leito de UTI no SUS. Assim, o trabalho descreve como o SUS regula a distribuição de leitos e reflete sobre o fenômeno da judicialização e o seu potencial ou não de efetivar esse direito com isonomia. Para a sustentação metodológica, o estudo utilizou de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com método fundamentado em análise de documentos e revisão bibliográfica a respeito do tema. Os resultados mostram que, embora o SUS estabeleça a quantidade de leitos de UTIs, alguns hospitais carecem de mais ofertas de leitos. Desta forma, é relevante ter um políticas públicas que efetivem o direito à saúde, em cumprimento às previsões legais. Nesse contexto de inefetividade do direito à saúde, o capítulo seguinte descreve o perfil das demandas judiciais referentes a medicamentos no município de Cuiabá – Mato Grosso, realizado na Defensoria Pública, em 2013, utilizando indicadores de Pepe. Foram analisadas 135 ações judiciais relativas às solicitações de medicamentos e 166 medicamentos requeridos nas mesmas. Em quatro dimensões (sócio demográficas do autor da ação judicial; processuais das ações judiciais; médico sanitárias das ações judiciais; político-administrativas das ações judiciais). As informações obtidas e delineadas no capítulo expõem o cenário da saúde frente a judicialização de medicamentos e as características dos indivíduos que abriram demandas contra o Estado ou o Município. Em preocupação com a saúde e a segurança alimentar dos brasileiros, o décimo terceiro capítulo discute o cabimento de arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental (ADPF) contra a nova política brasileira de agrotóxicos. A evolução clássica da política brasileira de agrotóxicos foi marcada pela ótica da proteção. Todavia, novos desafios, hoje, contrariam a política até então vigente e faz surgir um movimento, cada vez mais forte, pela flexibilização de normas. Nesse cenário, percebe-se o surgimento de uma nova política sobre tema, mas desta vez, tendo o agronegócio como protagonista. Desse modo, os efeitos desta nova política já são tangíveis, o que nos leva a discutir a constitucionalidade de tais ações. Posto isso, este trabalho tem como objetivo promover um debate acerca da existência de uma nova política brasileira sobre agrotóxicos em suas principais questões. Para realizar este trabalho, foram utilizados os tipos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, através da abordagem qualitativa. Conclui-se que a nova política de agrotóxicos é inconstitucional e, por consequência, atacável por meio da ADPF. Avançando na busca de efetivação de direitos humanos através de políticas públicas, o último capítulo investiga a necessidade de ressignificação das bases da teoria da execução para efetivar ações civis públicas em que se discutem tais políticas. Para tanto, utiliza-se de procedimento monográfico e bibliográfico. O estudo expõe as razões que levaram à judicialização da política, bem como traça diretrizes gerais sobre o atual panorama da execução. Aborda, ainda, a crise de efetividade da execução, que insiste em se valer de multas pelo descumprimento – que vêm sendo inefetivas para o cumprimento. Após essa discussão, o trabalho traz instrumentos jurídicos hábeis a colaborar com a concretização dos direitos. Espera-se que esta seleção de artigos científicos contribua, como obra coletiva, para avanços no conhecimento sobre políticas públicas como efetivadoras de direitos humanos, bem como sobre as múltiplas formas de participação popular na luta por tais direitos na sociedade contemporânea.

Social provision in Slovenia has pursued a gradual path of development towards a post-socialist model. The country faced a pronounced recession after the 2008 economic crisis, with a second recession in 2012. This was further exacerbated by political instability with a restructuring of left and right political coalitions. These pressures, coupled with an emphasis on austerity, led to structural reforms of the welfare system, which resulted in a step change in the reform process. This chapter considers future directions in welfare in Slovenia, using data from attitude surveys and analysing policy documents in order to examine current patterns of solidarity and division in support for different aspect of welfare state provision.

John Aubrey constructed an intimate and nonthreatening biographical persona, which allowed him to collect sensitive material about people in a politically turbulent period. He preserved documents and facts, but also anecdotes and “sayings,” as records of the human voice and the reputations of biographical subjects. He developed an expectation that comprehensive and factual biographical reference works were necessary, and that biography could be an aspect of social or historical knowledge. He wrote the lives of women and of those who were not privileged, rejecting the exemplary tradition and writing sympathetically about ordinary people. When writing the life of Hobbes, he disagreed with his collaborator, Dryden, about the nature of biography, which Dryden saw as a neoclassical rhetorical art, requiring the suppression of ignominious or inelegant facts and creation of a pantheon of eminence. Aubrey created a new form, fame for disillusioned times, with modern values and a respect for fact.

Organized in chronological order of the founding of each movement, this documentary reader brings to life new religious movements from the 18th to 20th century. Engaging with religious studies theory and method and critical race theory, students are provided with the tools needed in order to understand questions of race, religion, and American religious history. Each chapter has: An introduction to the movement, including the context of its foundingTwo to four primary source documents about or from the movementSuggestions for further reading. Movements covered include the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormonism), the Native American Church, the Moorish Science Temple, and the Nation of Islam. The voices included come from both men and women. Showing that religio-racial movements have been a perennial aspect of American history from the colonial period to the present, this reader provides a history of innovative social groups in America. A timeline of movements is included, and discussion and study questions can be found in the book’s online resources.

Beginning in 1992, Arts Wire, a program of the New York Foundation for the Arts, was a social media platform and Internet presence provider, that provided access to news, information, and dialogue on the social, economic, philosophical, intellectual, and political conditions affecting the arts and artists. Initially led by Anne Focke and then by poet, Joe Matuzak, Arts Wire participants included individual artists, arts administrators, arts organizations and funders. This chapter focuses on Arts Wire's social media aspects, such as discussion and projects, including among others: AIDSwire, an online AIDS information resource; the online component of the Fourth National Black Writers Conference; the Native Arts Network Association; ProjectArtNet that brought children from immigrant neighborhoods online to create a community history; NewMusNet, a virtual place for experimental music; and Interactive, an online laboratory for interactive art. It also documents the history of the e-newsletter, Arts Wire Current (later NYFA Current).

Initiatives of reform and modernisation of the public sector in Brazil have intensified, not only as a consequence of the fiscal crisis that occurred during the 1980s, but also as a result of the exhaustion and collapse of bureaucratic management and government interventionist models. The development of the Brazilian e-gov program officially started in 2000 and today is in its third phase after two different government administrations. It plays an important role in the modernisation of the public sector in the country and faces the challenge of giving proper support to public policies to universalise opportunities that promote economic and social development. The currently available literature analysing the history of the Brazilian e-gov program focuses too narrowly on the identification of relevant technological aspects affecting its designing and development, failing to use a theoretical framework that takes into consideration social actors and other intervening factors. This chapter presents and employs an approach that takes into consideration the relevant social groups involved in each phase of the construction process of e-gov programs, the intervening factors impacting this construction, and the strength of the relationships among them. Based on qualitative empirical research, this chapter discusses the validity of the proposed framework for studying the history of e-gov in Brazil. As a result of an in-depth documental analysis and interviews with key actors throughout the different administration tenures, this chapter identifies important intervening factors that guided successful and unsuccessful government initiatives in the e-gov program.

This chapter tells a parallel story of the State’s retreat from directly procuring materia medica from localities as tribute, resorting instead to collecting a monetized surtax. Building on rich literature which largely focused on social relations and productivity measured by grain, cloth, and labor, the chapter suggests that it may shed new light on a familiar aspect of Ming history by examining the monetization of tribute medicine. It shows that Ming actors almost always thought through and documented fiscal reform in very concrete terms. Gazetteers of Ming times, such as that of Longqing, were replete with discussions about objects of value: where they were found, how much they were worth, and the specific manners of their deployment in public affairs. Instead of an abstract preference for money, the debates were driven by inherently ethical concerns—and political negotiations—over the distribution of material wealth in official versus nonofficial domains. The ways in which local administrators came to terms with material resources show more complexity than the straightforward account of fiscal reform offered in dynastic histories.

Recently, the web has been crowded with growing volumes of various texts on every aspect of human life. It is difficult to rapidly access, analyze, and compose important decisions using efficient methods for raw textual data in the form of social media, blogs, feedback, reviews, etc., which receive textual inputs directly. It proposes an efficient method for summarization of various reviews of tourists on a specific tourist spot towards analyzing their sentiments towards the place. A classification technique automatically arranges documents into predefined categories and a summarization algorithm produces the exact condensed input such that output is most significant concepts of source documents. Finally, sentiment analysis is done in summarized opinion using NLP and text analysis techniques to show overall sentiment about the spot. Therefore, interested tourists can plan to visit the place do not go through all the reviews, rather they go through summarized documents with the overall sentiment about target place.

This chapter discusses the results of exploratory research conducted by the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, which aims to collect and analyse evidence and to assess the significance of the impact of social computing (also known as Web2.0) on public services in order to better understand its implications for governance. After introducing the rise of the social computing phenomenon and its trends in the public sector, which are of crucial importance to both government-citizen relations and organizational and institutional aspects of government (what is referred to as governance), the chapter argues that the emerging wave of openness—that is implicit in social computing-enabled applications—could lead to a new phase for eGovernance. The chapter also explains that social computing has multiple areas of potential impact on governance which need further systematization, in both conceptual and methodological terms. Social computing has a potentially disruptive impact on government-citizens relations, on public sector organizational and institutional design, and the way public services are created and delivered. There are also signs that there will be fundamental shifts in the relation between government and citizens that could result in new ways of “public value creation,” which are worth further investigation. Social computing can play an important role in the innovation process in the public sector by supporting profound transformations which would allow citizens to take an active part in policy-making processes. Social computing applications can promote the modernisation of existing governmental functions by supporting the optimization of back office procedures, by streamlining and consolidating information flows, and by exploiting knowledge sharing mechanisms for administrative purposes. Finally, the chapter discusses the key findings and provides conclusions and future policy and research indications. Social computing’s multiple impacts on governance need to be further documented in order to fully understand in which areas of the policy cycle it can play a role and in which not. To make it an effective part of governance systems and society at large the best way to embed it in public sector strategies and policy making mechanisms needs to be determined.

In recent years, socio-educational professions have experienced a qualitative leap in the development of their epistemological, scientific, and technical foundations. One important aspect of this is a reflection on the ethical dimension of their activities. This chapter first considers the linkage between the Convention on the Rights of the Child, ethics, and social education. It then explores the difficulties that professionals encounter when incorporating their ethical commitment into their working practice, and it seeks to show that although the proliferation of declarative documents in the form of deontological codes may be of value in defining a unitary position, these documents do not constitute an effective approach to the real situations of moral conflict in which socio-educational professionals find themselves in their day-to-day practice. Finally, the chapter proposes a number of operational criteria and training proposals with a view to constructing applied ethics in work with adolescents and young people.

Communication is a vital aspect of human existence. It pervades man's existence and society, forming an integral part of human life. Communication is the means through which human beings express their feelings. Indigenous communication serves as the traditional means of conveying messages, all social and value exchanges of indigenous practice like the health practices. Traditional health practices include the use of knowledge skills, practices based on indigenous belief, experiences of culture used in maintenance of health-prevention, treatment and diagnosis in traditional health practices. This chapter examines and documents traditional health practices on how Yorùbás care for pregnancy, child delivery, and their babies. Such traditional health practices have existed since before the advent of modern health practices, thereby using indigenous communication for preservation and dissemination of valuable information that is significant for Yorùbá generations.

With so much of modern life conducted in online spaces, understanding what is knowable through those spaces is a critical aspect of digital literacy and informational awareness. To increase online transparency, Maltego Carbon 3.5.3 (a penetration testing tool) enables powerful exploration of the Surface Web through its “machines” and “transforms.” Maltego enables the exploration of the interconnections between disparate pieces of online information (including technological understructures, documents, aliases, images, phrases, email addresses, telephone numbers, social media accounts, and geographical location coordinates. In the educational context, this tool may be applied in a number of ways. This chapter summarizes six generic “use cases”: Use Case 1: Understanding an Online / Offline Entity; Use Case 2: Exploring a Domain; Use Case 3: From Physical Location to Cyber and Back Again; Use Case 4: Online Conversations on Social Media Sites; Use Case 5: Eventgraphing: Mapping an Event Online, and Use Case 6: Finding Leads to Enhance Research.

Electronic discovery is the electronic aspect of identifying, collecting and producing electronically stored information (ESI) in response to a request for production in a law suit or investigation.ESI includes, but is not limited to, emails, documents, presentations, databases, voicemail, audio and video files, social media, and web sites. E-Teaching is the teaching students using electronic equipment either directly or indirectly. As well as M-Learning also anytime and anywhere for fixing timings for learning process. M-learning or ‘m'obile learning is defined as “learning across multiple contexts, through social and content interactions, using personal electronic devices”.A form ofdistance education, m-learners use mobile device educational technology at their time convenience.M-learning technologies include handheld computers, MP3 players, notebooks, mobile phones and tablets. M-learning focuses on the mobility of the learner, interacting with portable technologies. This paper deals with some important things about E-Teaching and M-Learning with advantages of both.

Electronic discovery is the electronic aspect of identifying, collecting and producing electronically stored information (ESI) in response to a request for production in a law suit or investigation.ESI includes, but is not limited to, emails, documents, presentations, databases, voicemail, audio and video files, social media, and web sites. E-Teaching is the teaching students using electronic equipment either directly or indirectly. As well as M-Learning also anytime and anywhere for fixing timings for learning process. M-learning or ‘m'obile learning is defined as “learning across multiple contexts, through social and content interactions, using personal electronic devices”.A form ofdistance education, m-learners use mobile device educational technology at their time convenience.M-learning technologies include handheld computers, MP3 players, notebooks, mobile phones and tablets. M-learning focuses on the mobility of the learner, interacting with portable technologies. This paper deals with some important things about E-Teaching and M-Learning with advantages of both.

Introdução: Analisar a composição e distribuição da população, implicações políticas, econômicas na organização socioespacial. Essas estruturas que configura o espaço urbano da cidade de São José de Pinhais, acaba se tornando um polo de atração de população, promovendo uma fluxo e densidade maior na cidade. Objetivos: Analisar a composição e distribuição da população, implicações políticas, econômicas na organização socioespacial na RMC e interpretar e relacionar a cidade de Curitiba e de São José dos Pinhais. Atualmente, um desafio fundamental para a gestão das regiões metropolitanas tem a ver com a capacidade dos órgãos gestores de exercerem o seu papel. Materiais e Métodos: A pesquisa foi feita através de método documental, através de bibliografias e documentos de órgãos públicos oficiais da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, com o intuito de encontrar a relação dinâmica e codepedentes, suas causas e feitos dentro de um espaço geográfico na cidade de Curitiba e São José dos Pinhais. Resultados: O resultado encontrado foi de as pessoas) também deixam suas marcas de maneira “invisível”. Ao trazerem expressões do vocabulário presente na região de onde vieram, a sua cultura e o modo de portar em sociedade e de lidar com a vida, contribuem ainda mais, não apenas a cidade de Curitiba, mas a RMC – este artigo dá destaque a São José dos Pinhais – uma configuração mais cosmopolita e multiétnica. Que por sua vez, além de atrair mais turistas, e povos de outras regiões para morar na região, também traz desafios quanto a convivência e relação de ideais muitas vezes, antagônicos e até conflitantes. Se torna conflito, pois a paisagem de São José dos Pinhais se configura como território, da qual existe classes sociais e administrativas que pelejam para exercerem uma maior influência no local. Conclusão: A reconfiguração urbana é imprescindível, uma vez que as cidades vêm crescendo, e constantes transformações são sofridas por elas. O modo como a cidade está disposta – o seu sistema de transportes, espaço público, entre outros aspectos – está diretamente ligado à sua capacidade para melhorar a produtividade e aumentar a riqueza, e de promoção de cidadania aos seus munícipes.

In developed countries there is a valuable experience how to include people with disabilities into society: involve in several activities and let them know as people valuable for the society. More and more academic research is devoted to those aspects as well as public policy is developed to create and support social entrepreneurship. Aim of the paper is to analyse findings and good practice of employment of people with mental disabilities in several countries and analyse the situation and possible developments on employment of people with mental disabilities in Latvia. Tasks of research: 1) analyse results of academic findings on good practice and challenges in employment of people with mental disabilities wold-wide; 2) analyse the developments and trends on employment of people with mental disabilities in Latvia; 3) propose possible development scenarios on employment of people with mental disabilities in Latvia. Research methods used in research: scientific publications analysis; analysis of legislative documents on employment of people with mental disabilities, analysis of statistical data on employment of people with mental disabilities. Research results have shown that in recent years many important steps in employment of people with mental disabilities in Latvia has been reached but there are some difficulties in realise of sustainability in this aspect.