Journal articles: 'DOE full factorial'

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Rafidah, Ali, A. Nurulhuda, A. Azrina, Y. Suhaila, I. S. Anwar, and R. A. Syafiq. "Comparison Design of Experiment (DOE): Taguchi Method and Full Factorial Design in Surface Roughness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.275.

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Statistical quality improvement techniques such as design of experiments (DOE) and Taguchi methods form an essential part of the search for improved product performance. This paper applies both the Taguchi and full factorial design techniques to highlight the application and to compare the effectiveness of the Taguchi and full factorial design processes as applied on surface roughness. Besides that, to determine the optimal parameter setting for each factor in surface roughness. For this study, we used two different probes of Mahr Surf XR20 which was MFW 250 tracing arm 6851804 (25μm) and tracing arm 6851806 (50μm). The main effect and interaction plot had been analyzed by using MINITAB (software). The experiment result showed that full factorial design performs better than Taguchi method.

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Weriono and Rinaldi. "INVESTIGASI KEKERASAN MATERIAL AISI 1045 PENGARUH PROSES FULL ANNEALING MENGGUNAKAN FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN." Sainstek (e-Journal) 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35583/js.v8i1.30.

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Pendinginan merupakan faktor yang menentukan kekerasansuatu material. Ada dua media quench yang sering dgunakan yaitumedia oli dan air. Quench oli adalah pendinginan yang lebih perlahansehingga mencegah retak akibat kecepatan akspansi materialdibandingkan dengan quench air. Pemaparan fenomena yang terjadidi lapangan untuk penggunaan elemen mesin yang terbuat dari bajakarbon sedang AISI 1045 dibatasi pada kegagalan elemen mesin yangdiakibatkan oleh beban personal atau beban mekanik. Metode FullFactorial Design of Experiment digunakan untuk mengkaji hasil ujikekerasan sesuai dengan hipotesa pengujian. Design of Experiment(DOE) telah banyak digunakan untuk menentukan faktor desain yangsignifikan mempengaruhi respons target dan membangun empirismodel yang mewakili hubungan antara faktor signifikan.Untuk mendapatkan respon kekerasan terhadap perlakuan panasfull annealing dengan media Quenching Oil dan air sehingga padapenelitian ini digunakan material AISI 1045 dengan variasitemperatur 7500 C, 8000 C dan 8500 C. AISI 1045 hasil produksikomersial dengan memotong sebagian kemudian diambil untukdilakukan pengujian kekerasan Metode Full Factorial Design ofExperiment digunakan untuk mengkaji hasil uji kekerasan sesuaidengan hipotesa sesuai analisis varians (Anova).Respon input data full factorial design pengujian kekerasandipengaruhi media pendingin dan temperatur proses full annealingpada material AISI 1045. Pengaruh media pendingin menghaslkanFo,5%, 2,18= 3,55,maka Fo=26,73>3,55 menunjukan pengaruh mediapendingin berpengaruh terhadap kekerasan AISI 1045 sedangkanpengaruh temperatur menghaslkan Fo, 5%, 2,18 = 3,55, maka Fo = 31,74> 3,55 menunjukan pengaruh temperatur berpengaruh terhadapkekerasan AISI 1045. Pengaruh interaksi media pendingin terhadaptemperatur menghaslkan Fo, 5%, 1,18 = 3,55, maka Fo = 6,58 > 4,41menunjukan pengaruh media pendingin berinteraksi temperaturberpengaruh terhadap kekerasan.

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Aziz, Nuraini, and Syarifah Nur Aqida. "Hot Press Forming of 22MnB5 Steel Using Full Factorial Design of Experiment (DOE)." Advanced Materials Research 1024 (August 2014): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1024.243.

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This paper presents optimisation of hot press forming using design of experiment for high hardness properties at maximum cooling water temperature and minimum quenching time. Samples were boron steel blanks of 60x50 mm dimension. Hot press forming was conducted using a hydraulic press machine with 20 tonne maximum load. Results of this research work show that parameters obtained by single response optimization through desirability analysis route will increase hardness by 66.72%. The hardness properties of samples were between 477 and 551.4 HV(0.1). These findings were important to design tailored ultra-high strength automotive components at different process parameter settings and to reduce production cost consumption and improve production rate.

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Horvath, Daniel, Rafiq Noorani, and Mel Mendelson. "Improvement of Surface Roughness on ABS 400 Polymer Using Design of Experiments (DOE)." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 2389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.2389.

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The objective of this research was to find the best combination of factor levels that minimized the surface roughness of prototyped samples from Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Two sets of experiments were conducted for that purpose; a two-level three-factor full factorial experiment and a three-level two-factor full factorial experiment. The parameters chosen for this research were model temperature, layer thickness and part fill style. The results obtained from both experiments were compared and analyzed in order to determine the best combination of factors that minimized the surface roughness of the specimens. The significant factors, their interactions and the optimum setting are presented in this paper

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Chen, Yen-Sheng, and Ting-Yu Ku. "Efficiency Improvements of Antenna Optimization Using Orthogonal Fractional Experiments." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/708163.

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This paper presents an extremely efficient method for antenna design and optimization. Traditionally, antenna optimization relies on nature-inspired heuristic algorithms, which are time-consuming due to their blind-search nature. In contrast, design of experiments (DOE) uses a completely different framework from heuristic algorithms, reducing the design cycle by formulating the surrogates of a design problem. However, the number of required simulations grows exponentially if a full factorial design is used. In this paper, a much more efficient technique is presented to achieve substantial time savings. By using orthogonal fractional experiments, only a small subset of the full factorial design is required, yet the resultant response surface models are still effective. The capability of orthogonal fractional experiments is demonstrated through three examples, including two tag antennas for radio-frequency identification (RFID) applications and one internal antenna for long-term-evolution (LTE) handheld devices. In these examples, orthogonal fractional experiments greatly improve the efficiency of DOE, thereby facilitating the antenna design with less simulation runs.

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Chan, Lydia, Islam Shyha, Dale Dryer, and John Hamilton. "Optimisation of Weld Overlay Cladding Parameters Using Full-Factorial Design of Experiment." Materials Science Forum 880 (November 2016): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.880.54.

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Weld Overlay Cladding (WOC) shares the same scientific principals as conventional welding where there are multiple governing factors that control the process and outcome. The present work employs a Design of Experiment (DoE) approach to optimising process parameters for cladding a nickel superalloy onto low alloy steel with the aim to improve productivity and quality. The arc current, the clad metal heating current were identified as the key process variables for this stage of experimentation. A full-factorial 4-by-2 test was carried out to identify the optimal levels. Results showed that there is a mild positive trend between the height of individual strings of beads and both variables. However no relationship was established with the depth of penetration, nor with the height of single or double layer stacks. The optimal level of the variables was therefore chosen to be the one that has the highest productivity rate as there were no significant differences. Further experimentation has been planned and described in this paper.

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Hickin, Mauri, Hannah Nadel, Coby Schal, and Allen C. Cohen. "Optimization of a Diet for the Greater Wax Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Using Full Factorial and Mixture Design." Journal of Economic Entomology 114, no. 3 (April 2, 2021): 1091–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab039.

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Abstract Diet optimization is an important process to increase the efficiency of rearing insects and can be used to develop high-quality insects with specific fitness and life-history traits. Galleria mellonella (L.), the greater wax moth, is widely used in research, microbiology assays, as pet food, and host for biological control agents. Although artificial diets for G. mellonella have been researched and optimized for decades, preliminary tests indicated that the predominantly utilized G. mellonella diet could be improved to yield larger larvae with a short development time. We used a design of experiments (DOE) approach that incorporated multiple full factorial designs and a final mixture design to test the qualitative and quantitative effects of ingredients and their interactions on larval mass and survival. Analysis of 17 ingredient variations in 35 diet formulations yielded an optimized diet that supported high survival and 2.4-fold greater larval body mass than the standard rearing diet. This study demonstrates the importance and efficiency of statistical DOE in guiding the optimization of insect diets to improve traits that represent the quality and fitness of the reared insects.

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Haq, R. H. A., K. Rd. Khairilhijra, M. S. Wahab, N. Sa’ude, M. Ibrahim, O. M. F. Marwah, M. S. Yusof, et al. "PCL/PLA Polymer Composite Filament Fabrication using Full Factorial Design (DOE) for Fused Deposition Modelling." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 914 (October 2017): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/914/1/012017.

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Rodríguez-Loaiza, Pilar, Salvador Namur, and Mario González-de la Parra. "Application of Design of Experiments (DOE) to the Development and Validation of a Swab Sampling Method for Cleaning Validation." Asian Journal of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 1 (April 17, 2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/ajcps/2017/8460.

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Cleaning validation is one of the key elements of the validation program of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) manufacturer. One of the most important aspects of cleaning validation is the sampling methods. Swabbing or surface sampling is the subject of this article. The application of sequential experimental designs for the efficient development of a swab sampling method, based on a fractional factorial design followed by full factorial design, is illustrated in this article.

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Islam, M. N., and A. Pramanik. "Comparison of Design of Experiments via Traditional and Taguchi Method." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 15, no. 03 (July 26, 2016): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686716500116.

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This paper presents a case study on comparison of Design of Experiments (DOE) via traditional and Taguchi methods in terms of efficiency. First, a three-level, four-parameter, full factorial DOE was conducted for finding the effects of machining parameters on the surface roughness (arithmetic average) of parts produced by turning operation. The results were analyzed applying average response, Taguchi’s [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ratio, and Pareto ANOVA. Subsequently, the same data was analyzed applying Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. The comparison of two results revealed that despite an 88.9% savings of experimental runs with the Taguchi method, both methods produced similar results.

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Liu, Cheng, Wei Wei, Qingdong Yan, and Neal R. Morgan. "Design of experiments to investigate blade geometric effects on the hydrodynamic performance of torque converters." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 2 (December 8, 2017): 276–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017742573.

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Torque converters are key components in automatic and hydrodynamic transmissions. Power is transmitted through the reaction force of fluid on cascades; thus, the geometry of the blade is essential to torque converter performance. The traditional one-dimensional blade design approach becomes inefficient for modern torque converter design because torque converters are highly coupled turbomachines and the flow is three-dimensional. In the present research, a novel six-parameter blade camberline design was developed to describe the overall shape of the blade. A full two-level factorial design was conducted with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations on each component to determine the sensitivity of design variables and investigate the relationship between design parameters and hydrodynamic performance. The design variables were reduced from 18 to nine after the screening design. A quarter-fractional factorial design was performed on the selected primary design variables to explore the first-order interaction effects between different wheels. Then a response surface was generated for each component to provide a substitution model for further optimization. A series of torque converters with various design parameters were fabricated and tested to validate the important effects determined in the design of experiments (DOE) process. It is found that CFD in combination with DOE is able to precisely capture the correlation between design variables and hydrodynamic performance. A base torque converter was optimized based on the DOE studies and the result was tested. Pronounced improvement in powertrain performance and fuel economy were observed.

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Sauli, Zaliman, Vithyacharan Retnasamy, Uda Hashim, Rajendaran Vairavan, Aaron Koay Terr Yeow, Moganraj Palianysamy, and Ramzan Mat Ayub. "Effect of High Temperature during Electroless Nickel Process." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.88.

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This paper presents the correlation between electroless process time, immersion gold process time and the bump height in electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG). A certain bump height need to be achieved in order to create acceptable solder bumps for reflow process. The study was done using a full factorial design of experiment (DOE). The DOE matrix is made of two levels with two factors. Analysis was done by plotting the main effects plot for each factor. The results suggest that higher process time increases the plating rate where the temperature fixed at 100 °C. It can be concluded that electroless nickel time has more influence to the bump height compared to immersion gold time.

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Sitre, Dnyaneshwar G., and Ravindra K. Kamble. "Formulation Development and Evaluation of New Albendazole Tablets with Integrated Quality by Design (QbD) Approach." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 2 (March 15, 2021): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i2.4782.

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Hydatid disease occurs in most areas of the world and currently affects about one million people. Albendazole is an orally administered broad spectrum anthelmintic drug approved by US FDA in 1996. Literature review suggests Albendazole is low solubility compound and most of the studies were performed to improve the solubility with traditional approach of product development. The present study was aimed to apply Design of Experiments (DoE) in the development and optimization of drug release from new Albendazole tablets using three factor two level (23) full factorial designs with integrated Quality be Design (QbD) approach. New Albendazole tablets were formulated using micronized grade of the Albendazole active and excipients were selected inline with market reference product. Quality target product profile (QTPP) and Critical quality attributes (CQAs) were designed. Risk assessment was used to identify the Formulation variables impacting CQA dissolution. The amount of Formulation variables were optimized on the basis of drug release profiles at 15 minutes and 30 minutes of different formulation batches manufactured based on 23 full factorial design. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique and evaluated for various physicochemical parameters and in vitro drug release. Formulation trials dissolution results at 15 minutes and 30 minutes were evaluated to derive the concentration of Formulation variables which will achieve the release of more than 80%. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis, Pareto chart and Contour plot were used to predict the values of formulation variables and their effect on dissolution. Updated risk assessment of the Formulation Variables was performed and justification was provided for reduction of risk from medium to low level. Optimized formulation from DOE had comparable dissolution profile with market reference tablet. Stability studies of new Albendazole tablets 200 mg were conducted at ICH accelerated conditions and found to be stable. Thus studies revealed that full factorial experimental design could efficiently be applied for optimization of formulation variables affecting drug release. New Albendazole tablets 200 mg successfully formulated with application of the integrated quality by design (QbD) and design of experiment (DOE) approach and thereby achieved comparable release profile with market reference product.

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Isaac, Blesson, Robert M. Taylor, and Kenneth Reifsnider. "Anisotropic Characterizations of Electrospun PAN Nanofiber Mats Using Design of Experiments." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 2273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112273.

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This paper deals with the dielectric and mechanical characterizations of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-aligned electrospun nanofiber mats. A two factor three level full factorial experiment is conducted to understand the effect of various parameters on dielectric and mechanical responses. These responses are recorded against randomly oriented and aligned nanofiber mats. Improved properties of electrospun mats have applications in the field of energy storage and nanocomposite reinforcement. Dielectric and mechanical characterizations of PAN mats are vital, as the aligned electrospun mats were found to be useful in advanced energy and mechanical reinforcement applications. Therefore, it is paramount to understand the effects of system parameters to these properties. The design of experiment (DoE) includes two factors and three level full factorial experiments with concentrations of PAN solutions at 8 wt.%, 9 wt.%, and 10 wt.%, and speed of the rotating mandrel (collector) at 3 volt (V), 4 V, and 5 V inputs. The electric field intensity used in the experiment is 1 kV/cm. DoE is conducted to understand the nonlinear interactions of parameters to these responses. The dielectric and mechanical characterizations of 8 wt.%, 9 wt.%, and 10 wt.% with different speeds for the original and improved systems are discussed. It was observed that at 9 wt.% and at all mandrel speeds, the dielectric and tensile properties are optimum.

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Sauli, Zaliman, Vithyacharan Retnasamy, Fairul Afzal Ahmad Fuad, Phaklen Ehkan, and Steven Taniselass. "Bump Height at Low Temperature Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 404 (September 2013): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.404.77.

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The effects of chemical bath time in response to the bump height in electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) process was investigated. This paper presents the correlation between electroless process time, immersion gold process time and the bump height. A certain bump height need to be achieved in order to create acceptable solder bumps for reflow process. The study was done using a full factorial design of experiment (DOE). The DOE matrix is made of two levels with two factors. Analysis was done by plotting the main effects plot for each factor. The results suggest that higher process time increases the plating rate where the temperature fixed at 70 °C. Electroless nickel time has more influence to the bump height compared to immersion gold time.

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Rafidah, Ali, A. Nurulhuda, Arshad Azrina, Yacob Suhaila, I. S. Anwar, and A. W. M. Ikbar. "Design of Experiment (DOE) Approach to Optimize Accuracy of Surface Roughness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 1224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.1224.

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This paper presents an investigation on the accuracy of average roughness (Ra) in three surface areas of specimen. For this study, we used two different probes of Mahr Surf XR20 which was MFW 250 tracing arm 6851804 (4.5mm) and tracing arm 6851806 (9.0mm). Full factorial design was used in the experiment plan. The normal probability graph, main effect and interaction plot had been analyzed by using MINITAB (software). The experiment result showed that the tracing arm 6851804 (4.5mm) consisted of small errors compared to the tracing arm 6851806 (9.0mm) based on the main effect plot and interaction plot analysis.

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Frey, Daniel D., and Edward M. Frey. "One Step at a Time." Mechanical Engineering 126, no. 07 (July 1, 2004): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2004-jul-4.

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This article reviews that almost every engineer is involved in some way in the planning of experiments, whether they are laboratory experiments, field tests, or computer simulations. A set of techniques called Design of Experiments (DOE) has proved to be an extremely useful methodology for enhancing the effectiveness of that planning. Six Sigma quality programs have been a mechanism for promulgating DOE in industry, but new research shows that a complementary approach, based on a set of adaptive one-factor-at-a-time experiments, leads to better results under many conditions. The full-factorial DOE method, which was initially developed to study agriculture, sets up an experiment for each possible combination of the factors that need to be tested. For example, consider the development of a new clutch. One aspect of its performance is drag torque—the amount of torque the clutch transmits when it is disengaged. A performance goal is to minimize drag torque by appropriate selection of materials, geometry, and other parameters. DOE is a remarkably successful procedure, which has had a profound influence on the professional practice of engineering.

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Yarici, Ismail, and Yavuz Öztürk. "Analysis of an inverted square SRR via design of experiment (DoE) approach." Journal of Electrical Engineering 72, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2021-0038.

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Abstract A design of experiment (DoE) study is presented based on an investigation of the influences of the chosen geometric parameters of an Inverted Square Split Ring Resonator on its resonance frequency. A statistical software was used to determine DoE steps and the values of chosen geometrical parameters for the experiments. The determined experiments were carried out by making simulations with electromagnetic design software. The resonator simulation outputs were analyzed by using normality tests and tools of the statistical software. By using these analyses, mainly a 2-level full factorial DoE approach, the effects of the geometrical parameters (input factors), and their interactions on the resonance frequency (response factor) were presented. In the light of our findings, this study proposes a promising path for microwave studies with several advantages such as being able to understand the dynamics of an optimized RF resonator device system, designing these kinds of devices with a few experiments, and increasing the time efficiency via reducing the number of attempts.

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Kechagias, John, Aristidis Tsiolikas, Panagiotis Asteris, and Nikolaos Vaxevanidis. "Optimizing ANN performance using DOE: application on turning of a titanium alloy." MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817801017.

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A methodology is presented to optimize the performance of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) using Design of Experiments (DOE). 8 different feed forward back propagation (FFBP) ANNs were developed and tested according to the L8 full factorial orthogonal array. The 3 parameters tested were: Number of Hidden Neurons, Learning rate, and Momentum; each one having two levels. By utilizing the analysis of means (ANOM) and the analysis of variances (ANOVA), the optimum levels of ANN parameters were determined. The developed ANN was applied for predicting cutting forces and average surface roughness in turning Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

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Retnasamy, Vithyacharan, Zaliman Sauli, Uda Hashim, Moganraj Palianysamy, Aaron Koay Terr Yeow, and Ramzan Mat Ayub. "Wettability and Surface Roughness Study on RIE Treated Aluminium Deposited Surface." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.101.

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Design of Experiment (DOE) is a technique for optimizing process which has controllable inputs and measurable outputs. As a method of DOE, 24 Full Factorial design is used to study the effect of Reactive Ion Etch towards the surface roughness of aluminum pad and effect of the roughness produced towards the contact angle. Surface roughness analysis is done using Atomic Force Microscop (AFM). Contact angle is measured using AutoCad software from the images captured from droplet test. This contact angles must be more than 90° for non-wetting profile or less than 90° for wetting profile. This work is also done to understand the interaction between the process parameters and how each parameters will affect the etch rate. The results are analyzed which shows that the increase in surface roughness produces an increase on the contact angle and vice versa.

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Patel, Jalpa, and Dhaval Mori. "Application of 32 Full Factorial Design and Desirability Function for Optimizing The Manufacturing Process for Directly Compressible Multi-Functional Co-Processed Excipient." Current Drug Delivery 17, no. 6 (August 6, 2020): 523–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201817666200508094743.

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Background: Developing a new excipient and obtaining its market approval is an expensive, time-consuming and complex process. Compared to that, the co-processing of already approved excipients has emerged as a more attractive option for bringing better characteristic excipients to the market. The application of the Design of Experiments (DoE) approach for developing co-processed excipient can make the entire process cost-effective and rapid. Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to demonstrate the applicability of the DoE approach, especially 32 full factorial design, to develop a multi-functional co-processed excipient for the direct compression of model drug - cefixime trihydrate using spray drying technique. Methods: The preliminary studies proved the significant effect of atomization pressure (X1) and polymer ratio (microcrystalline cellulose: mannitol - X2) on critical product characteristics, so they were selected as independent variables. The angle of repose, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, tensile strength and Kuno’s constant were selected as response variables. Result: The statistical analysis proved a significant effect of both independent variables on all response variables with a significant p-value < 0.05. The desirability function available in Design Expert 11® software was used to prepare and select the optimized batch. The prepared co-processed excipient had better compressibility than individual excipients and their physical mixture and was able to accommodate more than 40 percent drug without compromising the flow property and compressibility. Conclusion: The present investigation successfully proved the applicability of 32 full factorial design as an effective tool for optimizing the spray drying process to prepare a multi-functional co-processed excipient.

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Sauli, Zaliman, Vithyacharan Retnasamy, and Ong Tee Say. "Analysis on Surface Roughness and Surface Reflectance through DOE." Applied Mechanics and Materials 487 (January 2014): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.487.37.

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The Lambda 950 spectrometers are designed to investigate and examine surface coating on test specimen by using the light source. The objective of this research is to investigate the factors that affect the surface roughness and reflectance after different parameter of Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) process. There are four parameters to control the RIE process which is temperature, vacuum, RF (Radio Frequency) power and gas flow. The parameters in this research are using a Full Factorial Experimentation technique, the Design of Experiment (DOE). The AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) and Lambda 950 spectrometer are used to analyse the surface roughness and light reflectance of the specimen. The result showed all four parameters of RIE were give effect on surface roughness and surface reflectance. The parameter of gas flow is the most influence factor for surface roughness and surface reflectance compared to other parameters in this work.

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Alshetaili, Abdullah, Saad M. Alshahrani, Bjad K. Almutairy, and Michael A. Repka. "Hot Melt Extrusion Processing Parameters Optimization." Processes 8, no. 11 (November 22, 2020): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111516.

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The aim of this study was to demonstrate the impact of processing parameters of the hot-melt extrusion (HME) on the pharmaceutical formulation properties. Carbamazepine (CBZ) was selected as a model water-insoluble drug. It was incorporated into Soluplus®, which was used as the polymeric carrier, to produce a solid dispersion model system. The following HME-independent parameters were investigated at different levels: extrusion temperature, screw speed and screw configuration. Design of experiment (DOE) concept was applied to find the most significant factor with minimum numbers of experimental runs. A full two-level factorial design was applied to assess the main effects, parameter interactions and total error. The extrudates’ CBZ content and the in vitro dissolution rate were selected as response variables. Material properties, including melting point, glass transition, and thermal stability, and polymorphs changes were used to set the processing range. In addition, the extruder torque and pressure were used to find the simplest DOE model. Each change of the parameter showed a unique pattern of dissolution profile, indicating that processing parameters have an influence on formulation properties. A simple, novel and two-level factorial design was able to evaluate each parameter effect and find the optimized formulation. Screw configuration and extrusion temperature were the most affecting parameters in this study.

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Litz, C. J. "Laser Doppler Vibrometer: Application of DOE/Taguchi Methodologies to Pyroshock Response Spectra." Shock and Vibration 4, no. 2 (1997): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/617146.

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Statistical methodologies were employed for measuring and analyzing the explosively induced transient responses of a flat steel plate excited with shock. The application of design of experiment methodology was made to structure and test a Taguchi L9(32) full factorial experimental matrix (which uses nine tests to study two factors, with each factor examined at three levels) in which a helium-neon laser Doppler vibrometer and two piezocrystal accelerometers were used to monitor explosively induced vibrations ranging from 10 to 105Hz on a 96 × 48 × 0.25 in. flat steel plate. Resulting conclusions were drawn indicating how these techniques aid in understanding the pyroshock phenomenon with respect to the effects and interrelationships of explosive-charge weight and location on the laser Doppler and contract accelerometer recording systems.

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Medan, Nicolae, Mircea Lobontiu, and Mihai Banica. "Full factorial DOE to determine the influence of the process parameters in cleaning water jets used in sewer cleaning." MATEC Web of Conferences 94 (2017): 07005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20179407005.

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Teja, S. P. Surya, and N. Damodharan. "23 Full Factorial Model for Particle Size Optimization of Methotrexate Loaded Chitosan Nanocarriers: A Design of Experiments (DoE) Approach." BioMed Research International 2018 (September 25, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7834159.

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Purpose. To build and inquire a statistically significant mathematical model for manufacturing methotrexate loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CsNP) of desired particle size. The study was also performed to evaluate the effect of formulation variables in the explored design space. Method. Ionotropic gelation technique was followed for chitosan nanocarriers by changing formulation variables suggested as per Design Expert software. Altering the levels of Chitosan, tripolyphosphate, methotrexate by 23 factorial design served the purpose. The CsNP were characterized for nanocarrier formation, particle size, and statistical analysis. Then mathematical model was statistically analyzed for fabricating desired formulation having particle size less than 200nm. Results. FT-IR, XRD reports confirmed the structural change in chitosan which lead to the formation of CsNP. For particle size, linear model was found to be best fit to explain effect of variables. Besides, high R2 (0.9958) defends the constancy of constructed model. Chitosan exhibited higher t-value in Pareto chart and a p-value <0.0001. Based on maximum desirability, optimization was performed and amount of variables for preparing CsNP of 180nm was predicted. The experiment was carried out with software suggested combination and particle size was found to be 176±4nm. Conclusion. Low p-value endorsed the greater dominance of chitosan on particle size. Good model adequacy and small percentage error between predicted and experimented value established the reliability of constructed model for robust preparation of CsNP.

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Arinkoola, Akeem O., and David O. Ogbe. "Examination of Experimental Designs and Response Surface Methods for Uncertainty Analysis of Production Forecast: A Niger Delta Case Study." Journal of Petroleum Engineering 2015 (March 25, 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/714541.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine various DoE methods for uncertainty quantification of production forecast during reservoir management. Considering all uncertainties for analysis can be time consuming and expensive. Uncertainty screening using experimental design methods helps reducing number of parameters to manageable sizes. However, adoption of various methods is more often based on experimenter discretions or company practices. This is mostly done with no or little attention been paid to the risks associated with decisions that emanated from that exercise. The consequence is the underperformance of the project when compared with the actual value of the project. This study presents the analysis of the three families of designs used for screening and four DoE methods used for response surface modeling during uncertainty analysis. The screening methods (sensitivity by one factor at-a-time, fractional experiment, and Plackett-Burman design) were critically examined and analyzed using numerical flow simulation. The modeling methods (Box-Behnken, central composite, D-optima, and full factorial) were programmed and analyzed for capabilities to reproduce actual forecast figures. The best method was selected for the case study and recommendations were made as to the best practice in selecting various DoE methods for similar applications.

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Retnasamy, Vithyacharan, Zaliman Sauli, Rajendaran Vairavan, Steven Taniselass, Muhamad Hafiz Ab Aziz, Phaklen Ehkan, and Fairul Afzal Ahmad Fuad. "Grain Size Analysis on Ba_0.65Sr_0.35TiO₃ Thin Films Using Design of Experiment." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.211.

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This paper presents the relationship between spin coating speed, heat treatment time, and annealing temperature in response to the grain size in ferroelectric Barium Strontium Titanate (BST). Many fundamental issues such as heat conduction, contact deformation, mechanical stress, and friction can be explained and distinguished through the understanding of the grain size. The investigation was done using a full factorial design of experiment (DOE). Analysis was done quantitatively by plotting the main effects graphs. The results suggest that higher spin coating speed and the annealing temperature decreases the grain size while the heat treatment time is directly proportional to the value of grain size.

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Frnčík, Martin, Jana Šugárová, Peter Šugár, Ingrid Görögová, and Martin Sahul. "Study on Wall Heights and Surface Roughness of Spun Cups Produced of Metal Blanks by Multipass CNC Spinning Technology." Materials Science Forum 952 (April 2019): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.952.55.

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This research paper deals with the influence analysis of the conventional metal spinning parameters (tool path profile tpp, tool feed f and mandrel rotational speed n) on the wall heights and the surface roughness Ra of the cylindrical-shaped spun parts measured in various directions with respect to the material rolling direction. Experimental research was carried out according to the 3-level full factorial design of experiment (DoE). Experimental study was also statistically analyzed by the ANOVA method. It was observed that tool path profile is a process parameter which has the most significant impact on the spun cup height and the surface finish, as well.

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Sauli, Zaliman, Vithyacharan Retnasamy, Aaron Koay Terr Yeow, and Ng Wei Wei. "Interaction Relationship Analysis of Surface Roughness on Aluminium Etched Wafer Using RIE." Applied Mechanics and Materials 487 (January 2014): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.487.214.

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This paper presents the interaction relationships between Tetrafluoromethane (CF4) gas, Oxygen (O2) gas, and RF power in response to the surface roughness of an Aluminium deposited wafer after being etched using Reactive Ion Etching (RIE). The investigation was done using the three factors full factorial design of experiment (DOE). Analysis was done qualitatively by plotting the main interaction plots. The results suggest that strong interactions are present between CF4 and RF power, CF4 and O2, and also O2 and RF power due to the intersection of the graphs. This implies that all three factors have interaction between each other towards the surface roughness on the deposited Aluminium after RIE.

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Medan, Nicolae, Mihai Banica, and Sandor Ravai-Nagy. "Full Factorial DOE to determine and optimize the equation of impact forces produced by water jet used in sewer cleaning." MATEC Web of Conferences 137 (2017): 07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201713707003.

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Rajalingam, S. "Robust Part Quality by Controlling the Injection Moulding Process with 2⁴ Fraction Factorial Design: A Case Study." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 1032–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1032.

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The author wants to use a case study to investigate the injection moulding machine parameters which will affect the horizontal length dimension of a plastic component used in digital camera. Currently the injection moulding machine process setting caused variations in the diameter exceeding the specification limit. Therefore the experiment is needed to identify the process factors that could be set to maintain the horizontal length dimension closest to the target value and smallest possible variation. The experimental model is used to investigate four factors to identify the factors having large effect by using the Full Factorial Design of Experiment (DOE). The experiment has emphasized the use of these designs in identifying the subset of factors that are active and provide some information about the interaction.

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Casalino, Giuseppe. "DOE Analysis of the Effects of Geometrical Parameters on the Self-Piercing Riveting of Aluminium Alloy AA6060T4." Key Engineering Materials 473 (March 2011): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.473.733.

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The design of experiments (DOE) is a very useful tool to design and analyze complicated industrial design problems. They help to understand the variability a manufacturing process by investigating which parameters and their interaction mainly affect the output repeatability. As a consequence, it enables to individuate the combination of parameters that optimize the output avoiding misinterpretation that can be due to the singularity of the experimental data. In this study the factorial analysis was used to investigate the effects of the major geometrical parameters on the shape of the force-displacement curve of the self piercing riveting (SPR) process. A full two level three-factorial design (23) was completed, three-way interaction was not considered. The statistical analysis was carried out at four different points of the force-rivet displacement curve. These points can be considered critical since they limit the four steps in which the process is commonly divided for studying purpose. The experimental data did not fulfil the required design points, the missing points were obtained by a finite element model of the riveting process, which furnished the force versus the rivet run.

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Wang, Hai Xia, Min Ji, and Xin Yang Zhang. "A Design of Experiments (DOE) Approach to Parameters Optimization of Sludge Treatment System in an Enzyme Preparations Factory." Advanced Materials Research 648 (January 2013): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.648.259.

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To decrease the influent load of the wastewater treatment system and increase the overall ability of the wastewater treatment plant to meet the demand for 15% production expansion of the enzyme preparations factory, the purpose of this study was set to decrease COD concentration of the centrate from the sludge treatment system. Three orthogonal experiments and follow-up analysis of experiment results identified the significant impacts factors on COD concentration of the centrate. Afterwards, four full factorial experiments were designed to obtain a set of optimum parameters combination on the condition that no GMO was detected in the dewatered sludge.

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GÜNGÖR, Şahin, Levent AYDIN, Umut CEYHAN, Büşra KAYA, and Ziya Haktan KARADENİZ. "Analysis of Backward and Forward Effects on a Grooved Co-axial Heat Exchanger by Response Surface Methodology." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101092.

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In the literature, it is proved that grooved pipe models are thermally more efficient than the smooth pipe model. Different than the previous studies in which the groove dimensions are constant along the pipe, we study the effect of groove radius and the gap between adjacent grooves on the local heat transfer coefficients using computational fluid dynamics software. The grooved section consists of three sub-sections to see the effects of groove dimension in stream-wise flow direction. We vary the radius of circular grooves parametrically in each section to optimize the local groove radius throughout the pipe. We couple the fluid flow (1200<Re<24000) with energy equations, and the grooved sections are set as heated wall at constant temperature of 350 K. The optimal mesh has been selected by performing mesh independence study and finer mesh has been used in heated wall section. The radii of grooves are varied from 2 to 6 mm with an increment of 0.2 mm considering the manufacturability of the pipe, to do so we use the design of experiments (DOE). All DOE tools in ANSYS software are examined and compared with full factorial results. After DOE process, local heat transfer coefficient values of all groove parts are examined by response surface methodology (RSM).

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Umer, Usama, Mustufa Haider Abidi, Jaber Abu Qudeiri, Hisham Alkhalefah, and Hossam Kishawy. "Tool Performance Optimization While Machining Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composite." Metals 10, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10060835.

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Finite element (FE) models and the multi objective genetic algorithm (MOGA-II) have been applied for tool performance optimization while machining aluminum-based metal matrix composites. The developed and verified FE models are utilized to generate data for the full factorial design of experiment (DOE) plan. The FE models consist of a heterogenous workpiece, which assumes uniform distribution of reinforced particles according to size and volume fraction. Cutting forces, chip morphology, temperature contours, stress distributions in the workpiece and tool by altering cutting speed, feed rate, and reinforcement particle size can be estimated using developed FE models. The DOE data are then utilized to develop response surfaces using radial basis functions. To reduce computational time, these response surfaces are used as solver for optimization runs using MOGA-II. Tool performance has been optimized with regard to cutting temperatures and stresses while setting a limit on specific cutting energy. Optimal solutions are found with low cutting speed and moderate feed rates for each particle size metal matrix composite (MMC).

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Rady, Mohammed H., Mohammad Sukri Mustapa, Shazarel Shamsudin, Mohd Amri Lajis, Mohd Idrus Mohd Masirin, and Abdullah Wagiman. "Effect of Hot Extrusion Parameters on Tensile Strength and Fracture Behavior in Direct Recycling of Aluminium Alloy (6061) Chips." Materials Science Forum 975 (January 2020): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.975.229.

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Produced Profiles by direct recycling of aluminum chips in hot extrusion process were achieved by temperature related parameters using preheating temperature 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C for duration 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours preheating time. By using Design of Experiments (DOE) procedure with full factorial design and three center points analysis, the results showed that the preheating temperature factor is more important to be controlled rather than the preheating duration and increase of temperature conducted to the high tensile strength. The profiles extruded at 550 °C and 3 hours’ duration had obtained the optimum condition to get the maximum tensile strength. The influence of parameters of hot extrusion process on fracture surfaces of the recycled samples was also investigated and discussed.

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Halkacı, Mehmet, Huseyin Selcuk Halkaci, Mevlut Turkoz, and Behçet Dağhan. "A Study on DOE Methods for Hydromechanical Deep Drawing Process Parameters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 1602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.1602.

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Formability of sheet metals can be increased by Hydromechanical Deep Drawing (HDD) process. Formability of the deep drawn cups is generally assessed by Limiting Drawing Ratio (LDR) which is the ratio of the blank diameter to punch diameter. In order to increase LDR by HDD, process parameters of the HDD should be arranged properly. Arranging of the process parameters requires a great knowledge about the effects of the process parameters to certain performance criteria of the process. Determining of the effects of the process parameters by full factorial experiments is a hard duty. Hence certain statistical methods that decrease the number and the cost of the experiments and reduce the time should be used to find effective parameters and their appropriate levels. In this study orthogonal experimental array was applied and effective process parameters were determined by analyzing predicted data with Taguchi's robust parameter design method and ANOVA method. Then the results were compared with each other to evaluate differences between the methods. By using the appropriate levels of the parameters the LDR of AA 5754 aluminum alloy which uses in automotive industry intensely was determined.

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Hron, J., and T. Macak. "Economic evaluation and design of control mechanisms to determine the concentration of juices ." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 60, No. 12 (December 1, 2014): 539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/156/2014-agricecon.

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There is a significant attention paid to food analysis in the context of authenticity monitoring in the food industry. Although this has focussed increasingly on food safety and authenticity, the agro-food sector has also instituted requirements for the product identification, differentiation and historical monitoring. For the design and evaluation of the control mechanism, here is used the common approach for the design of experiments (DOE), specifically the “full factorial” design. The uniqueness of the solution lays in a geometric interpretation of the large variability the impedance, due to the samples provided by different producers. The presented solution consisted of the linearization variable zone by the Taylor polynomial. In the next step, there was conducted fuzzification of the electric impedance to determine the mechanism for identifying of juice concentrations.

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Gawande, Vandana, and Varsha Jadhav. "Validated stability indicating assay method for tenofovir implementing design of experiment approach for forced degradation." International Journal of Bio-Pharma Research 8, no. 1 (February 9, 2019): 2468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbpr.2019.8.1.1.

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Tenofovir, an antiretroviral drug known as nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor, was evaluated for its degradation behavior. The study involved optimization of forced degradation study using the design of experiment (DoE) approach and validation of developed stability indicating assay method (SIAM) for tenofovir. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Kromasil C18 column using mixture of methanol and ammonium acetate buffer pH 8.5 as mobile phase in isocratic elution mode. Detection was done using PDA detector. Tenofovir showed degradation at alkali, acid hydrolysis and oxidative condition while it was stable to photolysis and thermal stress condition. The optimization of forced degradation conditions, like hydrolytic and oxidative, was done by application 3n full factorial designs, which helped to obtain desired drug degradation. The proposed method was successfully validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines.

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Yurko, Ivan, and German Bondarenko. "A New Approach to Designing the S-Shaped Annular Duct for Industrial Centrifugal Compressor." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/925368.

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The authors propose an analytical method for designing the inlet annular duct for an industrial centrifugal compressor using high-order Bezier curves. Using the design of experiments (DOE) theory, the three-level full factorial design was developed for determination of influence of the dimensionless geometric parameters on the output criteria. Numerical research was carried out for determination of pressure loss coefficients and velocity swirl angles using the software system ANSYS CFX. Optimal values of the slope for a wide range of geometric parameters, allowing minimizing losses in the duct, have been found. The study has used modern computational fluid dynamics techniques to develop a generalized technique for future development of efficient variable inlet guide vane systems. Recommendations for design of the s-shaped annular duct for industrial centrifugal compressor have been given.

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Sharma, Sunil, and Anuradha R. Chetiya. "Simplifying the Six Sigma Toolbox through Application of Shainin DOE Techniques." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 34, no. 1 (January 2009): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920090102.

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The success of a Six Sigma programme in an organization depends to a large extent on the success of the Six Sigma projects, which in turn depends on how the team handles the problem and whether the right combination of tools is being applied to address the root cause. The Six Sigma toolbox consists of a wide range of tools comprising, on the one hand, simple and commonly used tools like flow charts, Pareto analysis, and cause-and-effect diagram and the more advanced statistical tools like design of experiments, regression analysis and many more, on the other hand. While the simple tools are easy to apply, understand, and analyse, engineers perceive the more advanced tools difficult to comprehend. Design of experiments (DOE) is one such tool. Two well-known approaches of design of experiments are the Classical DOE, pioneered by Sir Ronald A Fisher and the Taguchi approach, pioneered by Dr Genichii Taguchi. A third approach to experimental design—the Shainin DOE techniques, offered by Dr Dorian Shainin—can be considered as a very good alternative to the other approaches. They are much simpler than the factorial designs, response surface designs, and orthogonal arrays of the conventional approaches of DOE, but at the same time are recognized as being very powerful and effective in solving the chronic quality problems that plague most manufacturers. Shainin DOE basically works at eliminating suspected process variables by mostly using seven different tools, viz., Multi-Vari Charts Component Search Paired Comparison Variable Search Full Factorials B vs. C (Better vs. Current) Analysis Scatter Plots or Realistic Tolerance Parallelogram Plots. Though not very well documented, these tools have proved to be the key drivers in the success of many companies, e.g., Motorola. This article examines two projects of a leading automotive and general lighting lamp manufacturing company, in which a combination of the standard Six Sigma tools and Shainin tools has been successfully used to address the root cause of the problems. The advantage of using Shainin tools is that: Very small sample sizes are required to analyse the problem. Often samples as small as 2 or 3 are enough to make statistically valid conclusions. Statistical software is not required to analyse the data. In fact, Shainin DOE does not even require knowledge of complex statistical tools. It involves employees at all levels, including workers and junior staff in problem solving that was hitherto a domain of senior technical experts. Also, the success of the projects had a very positive effect on the morale of the employees in terms of convincing them that Six Sigma is not all about using complex statistical tools.

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Izman, S., Amirreza Shayganpour, M. H. Idris, and Hassan Jafari. "DOE Analysis of the Influence of Sand Size and Pouring Temperature on Porosity in LFC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2661.

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Lost foam casting is a relatively new process in commercial terms and is widely used to produce defect free castings owing to its advantages like producing complex shape and acceptable surface finish. In the present research, experimental investigations in lost foam casting of aluminium-silicon cast alloy, LM6, were conducted. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different sand sizes and pouring temperatures on the porosity of thin-wall castings. A stepped pattern was used in the study and the focus of the investigations was at the thinnest 3 mm section. A full 2-level factorial design experimental technique was employed to plan the experiment and subsequently identify the significant factors which affect the casting porosity. The result shows that increasing in the pouring temperature decreases the porosity in the thin-wall section of casting. Finer sand size is more favourable than coarse size for LFC mould making process.

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Indriasari, Wisut Kaewsakul, Wilma K. Dierkes, and Anke Blume. "Defining Key Factors in Carbon Black-Filled NR/BR Compounds for Balancing Aircraft Tire Tread Properties." Journal of Composites Science 3, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3020047.

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Carbon black (CB) is the most common reinforcing filler used in aircraft tire tread formulations. For CB-reinforced natural rubber/butadiene rubber (NR/BR) compounds, material and processing parameters are important factors that need to be controlled, as they can influence both, processing as well as the vulcanizate properties. It is essential to investigate and optimize the key elements, in order to achieve the target properties, while maintaining an acceptable trade-off for other characteristics. In the present study, the type of BR, mixer temperature, rotor speed, and filler mixing time were selected as input factors. A complete design of experiments (DOE) process was performed that comprised the following—two-level full factorial setup for initial screening, response surface method (RSM) for optimization, and confirmation runs for validation. This evaluation procedure was used to study the impact of factors and their interactions on the properties of CB-filled NR/BR compounds. From the DOE optimization which was later confirmed by the DOE validation, high rotor speed and long filler mixing time were the most significant factors in improving the Mooney viscosity, modulus at 300% elongation, hysteresis (tan delta), as well as in reducing the filler–filler interaction (Payne effect). In the case of tensile strength (TS) and abrasion resistance index (ARI), high rotor speed and long filler mixing time had an adverse effect, thus, causing a deterioration of these properties. Therefore, it is recommended to decrease the filler mixing time when combining it with high rotor speed.

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Sasaki, J., T. Tsuruga, B. H. Soltani, Takahito Mitsuta, Y. B. Tian, Jun Shimizu, Li Bo Zhou, et al. "Study on Improvement of Material Removal Rate in Chemo-Mechanical Grinding (CMG) of Si Wafer." Key Engineering Materials 389-390 (September 2008): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.389-390.13.

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Silicon wafer thinning process is meeting great challenges to fulfill requirements of ultra-thin IGBT for automotive applications. Chemo-mechanical grinding (CMG) process is potentially emerging stress relief thinning process which combines the advantages of fixed abrasive machining and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). A major issue in CMG of Si wafers is the relatively low material removal rate (MRR). This paper studies the influence of the wheel specifications and grinding conditions on the MRR of CMG. Two sets of three-factor two-level full factorial designs of experiment (DOE)[1] are employed to reveal the main effects and interacted effects of CMG wheel specifications and grinding parameters on MRR. The optimal combination scenarios for improving MRR of CMG are analysized and obtained. By use of the optimal CMG wheel and grinding parameters, the MRR of more than 60nm/min is achieved.

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Sauli, Zaliman, Vithyacharan Retnasamy, Ong Tee Say, and Kok Soo Yih. "Metallic Layer Reflectance Analysis Using Design of Experiment." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.461.

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In this work, a Full Factorial Experimentation technique, Design of Experiment (DOE) was developed and used to control the parameter of RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) process on a silicon wafer with aluminium layer. The objective of this work is to examine the Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) process on aluminium with different parameter, which are temperature, vacuum, RF (Radio Frequency) power and gas flow. Then, AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) and Lambda 950 spectrometer are used to analyse the grain size and light reflectance on the test specimen after RIE process. From the result, all four parameters of RIE were give an effect on grain size and surface reflectance on the test specimen. The parameter of gas flow is the most influence factor for grain size and surface reflectance in RIE process for aluminium layer compared to other parameters in this work.

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Mohamad, Azizah, Azlan Mohd Zain, Noordin Mohd Yusof, Farhad Najarian, Razana Alwee, and Haza Nuzly Abdull Hamed. "Modeling and Optimization of Machining Parameters Using Regression and Cuckoo Search in Deep Hole Drilling Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 892 (June 2019): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.892.177.

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This study presents the modeling and optimization of the machining parameters in deep hole drilling process using statistical and soft computing technique. Regression analysis is used for modeling and Cuckoo Search, CS algorithm is used for the optimization process. Design of Experiment (DoE), have been carried using a Full Factorial design with added centre point that comprises of machining parameters (feed rate (f), spindle speed (s), depth of hole (d) and minimum quantity lubrication, MQL (m)) and machining performance which is surface roughness, Ra. Next, the mathematical models (Multiple Linear Regression, MLR and 2-factor interaction, 2FI) are developed for the experimental results of Ra and Analysis of variance, ANOVA are used to check the significance of the models developed. The results showed that both of mathematical models (MLR and 2FI) have outperformed the minimum Ra value compared to the experimental result.

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Enescu, Monica, and Cătălin Alexandru. "Optimal Design of the Control System for an Industrial Robot Using DOE Technique and Regression Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 658 (October 2014): 626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.658.626.

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This paper approaches the optimization of the control system for an industrial robot with 6 axes (degrees of freedom), using design of experiments (DOE) and multiple linear regression models. The design objective refers to the desired trajectory of the end-effector, the aim being to minimize the difference between the desired (imposed) and current (measured) angles in the revolute joints of the robot. The correlation between the imposed trajectory of the end-effector and the corresponding angular motions in the six revolute joints is obtained through the inverse kinematic analysis. The characteristic parameters of the controllers are used as design variables in the optimization. The optimal design is based on the DOE Screening investigation strategy with the Full Factorial design type. This design was chosen in order to evaluate the effect of the factors and of their interaction on trajectory, and the levels of these factors needed to produce an optimal trajectory. By comparing actual data with data after optimization, it shows that the regression function is correct (in terms of goodness of fit). The dynamic model of the robotic system was developed in mechatronic concept, by integrating the mechanical device (designed in ADAMS/View) and the control system (MATLAB/Simulink) at the virtual prototype level. The optimization study is performed by using ADAMS/Insight.

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AlAli, Amer S., Mohammed F. Aldawsari, Ahmed Alalaiwe, Bjad K. Almutairy, Ramadan Al-Shdefat, Ismail A. Walbi, and Mohamed H. Fayed. "Exploitation of Design-of-Experiment Approach for Design and Optimization of Fast-Disintegrating Tablets for Sublingual Delivery of Sildenafil Citrate with Enhanced Bioavailability Using Fluid-Bed Granulation Technique." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060870.

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Sildenafil citrate undergoes first-pass metabolism, resulting in poor oral bioavailability at 25–41% of the administered dose. This study aimed to design and optimize fast-disintegrating tablets for the sublingual delivery of sildenafil citrate to improve bioavailability and facilitate rapid onset of action. The design-of-experiment (DoE) approach using 32 full factorial design was conducted to develop a new formulation of sildenafil fast-disintegrating sublingual tablets (FDSTs) using the fluid-bed granulation technique. The levels of partially pre-gelatinized starch (5–15%) and microcrystalline cellulose (10–60%) were selected as independent formulation variables. The prepared FDSTs were investigated for physical properties. Further, the optimum formulation was chosen for in vivo study in rabbits. Regression analysis showed that independent variables have a significant (p < 0.05) influence on critical attributes of FDSTs. The optimized formulation showed acceptable mechanical strength (friability <1.0%) with very fast disintegration (14.561 ± 0.84 s) and dissolution (94.734 ± 2.76% after 15 min). Further, the optimized formulation demonstrated a significant increase (p < 0.01) in Cmax and AUC0–∞ with short tmax compared to the market product (Viagra®). Based on these results, using the DoE approach, a high level of assurance was achieved for FDSTs’ product quality and performance.

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Bhatt, A., and M. B. Parappagoudar. "Modeling and Analysis of Mechanical Properties in Structural Steel-DOE Approach." Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0069.

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Abstract The present work focuses on the modeling and analysis of mechanical properties of structural steel. The effect of major alloying elements namely carbon, manganese and silicon has been investigated on mechanical properties of structural steel. Design of experiments is used to develop linear models for the responses namely Yield strength, Ultimate tensile strength and Elongation. The experiments have been conducted as per the full factorial design where all process variables are set at two levels. The main effect plots showed that the alloying elements Manganese and Silicon have positive contribution on Ultimate tensile strength and Yield strength. However, Carbon and Manganese showed more contribution as compared to Silicon. All three alloying elements are found to have negative contribution towards the response- Elongation. The present work is found to be useful to control the mechanical properties of structural steel by varying the major alloying elements. Minitab software has been used for statistical analysis. The linear regression models have been tested for the statistical adequacy by utilizing ANOVA and statistical significance test. Further, the prediction capability of the developed models is tested with the help of test cases. It is found that all linear regression models are found to be statistically adequate with good prediction capability. The work is useful to foundrymen to choose alloying elements composition to get desirable mechanical properties.

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Journal articles on the topic 'DOE full factorial'

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