Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Doencas Na Infancia E Adolescencia'
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Gabaldón, Fraile Sabel. "Infancia y Adolescencia Trans. Reflexiones éticas sobre su abordaje." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669691.
Full textChildren and adolescents who experience their primary and/or secondary sexual characteristics and the sex assigned at birth as incompatible with their gender identity may feel intense distress. There is also a significant relationship between the coercive system (social and cultural) of gender and the discomforts felt by those people who do not fold to the expected gender in our social context. According to the survey carried out by the National Transgender Discrimination Survey in 2011 in the US, 78% of “unconventional” people in terms of gender suffer bullying; 35% of them suffered physical assaults and 12% sexual violence. We focus on childhood and adolescence, a period in which the autonomy of the person is being forged and requires a non-invasive or hasty accompaniment. Our intention is to contribute to the depathologization and demedicalization of the trans collective and understand it as a gender expression that differs from the cultural norms prescribed for people of a particular sex. Neither trans identities, nor the diverse non-normative expressions of gender, are in themselves a mental disorder, they are part of human diversity. From this perspective, the trans experience is part of a set of constructions and choices of a very personal nature, of heterogeneous, fluid and changing trajectories that should be socially accepted and legitimized by law. Gender identity is forged in an interaction between biology, development, socialization and culture. If there is a mental health problem, it often stems from stigma, rejection, and negative experiences, or even different medical categorizations of transsexuality. Psychiatric classifications have changed in recent decades: transsexuality, gender identity disorder, gender dysphoria, and gender incongruence. These variations in the latest medical classifications, influenced by the pressures of LGTBI groups and associations, just as happened with homosexuality decades ago, have tried to avoid stigma and psychiatrization without succeeding. Certainly, anxiety, stress, depression, suicide, are more frequent in this group. The process of acceptance of sexual identity in the trans community is a conflictive personal path to which the addition of significant social pressure, stigmatization, discrimination and, on many occasions, clear violence, can lead to conflicts and symptoms to be managed and dealt with. In the understanding of trans childhood and adolescence, it is unavoidable to find a compromise between the therapeutic imperative and the ethical obligation to contribute to the social acceptance of gender diversity. We criticize both exaggerated interventionism and exclusions resulting from rigidities or ideological and cultural intolerances. Therefore, we propose a transition from a medical model to another one based on the rights of the child, in which health professionals assume a role of accompaniment and help, but we no longer have the power to determine ways of understanding and to live the gender identities and expressions, the sexual orientations and practices and the corporal transformations that, where appropriate, could be carried out. We develop the ethical criteria involved in assisting trans children and adolescents, which are: the best interests of the minor, protection against vulnerability, accompaniment and active listening, respect for diversity, recognition, prudence and responsibility.
Topczewski, Abram. "Cefaleia na infancia e adolescencia : aspectos clinicos e laboratoriais." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311121.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Foram estudados 72 pacientes, crianças e adolescentes, encaminhados para avaliação por apresentarem cefaléia. A idade variou de 3 a 17 anos. Os pacientes foram submetidos a exame clínico-neurológico e, posteriormente, encaminhados a exames bioquímicos de sangue, eletrencefalograma, tomografia computadorizada do crânio, cintilografia cerebral (SPECT) e avaliação psicológica. Os resultados revelaram que os exames laboratoriais e o eletrencefalograma são de valor limitado na determinação diagnóstica da cefaléia. A tomografia computadorizada do crânio e o SPECT ocuparam lugar de destaque na avaliação ~o paciente com cefaléia, pois revelaram alterações em 16,67% e 29,41% dos pacientes, respectivamente. Os testes psicológicos, visando uma avaliação da parte emocional, mostraram ser de especial importância nos pacientes com cefaléia, pois em 54,16% dos pacientes foram evidenciados traços de comprometimento emocional
Abstract: Headache in childhood and adolescence: clinical and laboratory aspects Seventy two children and adolescent, 3-18 years old with headache complaint were seen in walk-in clinic. After neurological examination they were submited to laboratory exams, electrencephalogram, CT scan, SPECT and psycological evaluation. The CT scan and the SPECT showed abnormal results in 16,67% and 29,41 % patients, respectively. The psycological tests for emotional status were performed and was abnormal in 54,16% patients. We consider that the CT scan, SPECT and psycological test have to be performed in the patients with headache
Doutorado
Doutor em Neurociencias
Fuentes, Yañez Catalina Rocio, and Carrizo Constanza Pilar Soto. "Ciudadanía digital de niños, niñas y jóvenes, oportunidades y desafíos de las tecnologías digitales para los niños, niñas, y jóvenes en américa latina." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150622.
Full textEscobedo, Durán Macarena Andrea. "Un defensor del pueblo para la infancia y adolescencia en Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/132994.
Full textDelgado, Magro Lorena. "Infancia y Adolescencia en Acogimiento Residencial Conductas Exteriorizadas-Interiorizadas y Evaluación del Apego." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117588.
Full textUnderstanding the relationship between social problems and mental health is key both in the etiology of the aforementioned problems and in their treatment. The residential care and adoption are sadly where the effects of early psychosocial risk can be understood. Children and adolescents living in Residential Care (RC) are at high risk of social exclusion, which seems to be neglected by the society. Nevertheless, there have been very few national studies on the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems carried out, none in Catalonia, in order to raise the awareness and the importance of the problem. The objective of this study is to evaluate the emotional and behavioral problems of the children in our community and secondly, adapting an attachment questionnaire for adolescents in Spain that may be useful for research on attachment in the institutionalized population. The first chapter provides an introduction to the current state and evolution of the RC in Spain and Catalonia as well as a theoretical review on the different variables involved in this study in relation to the institutionalized population such as: externalizing and internalizing problems, school adjustment, the effect of the duration of institutionalization. Finally, attachment theory introduces the assessment of attachment systems for adolescents and their relationship to internalizing and externalizing problems. The second chapter describes both the three studies that were carried out and the analysis and discussions of the results. In the first study with a sample of 26 primary school children in RC, the emotional and behavioral problems were assessed by different evaluators: parents/educators, teachers and children themselves. In the second study, with a sample of 45 nursery/primary school children in RC, the emotional and behavioral problems were assessed by a single evaluator. Parents and teachers marked higher externalizing behavior problems (Behavior Problems, Aggression and Attention scales) and lower adaptive skills. The best informants about internalizing problems were kids themselves. The sense of their own Disability and Self-perception of Atypicality are the scales where the major differences were found followed by the Social stress scale, Depression scale and Self-esteem scale. It has been shown that the children in RC somatize less than their peers raised in a family, but this difference is bigger among boys than among girls. Institutionalization time influences the externalizing problems reported by adults, the negative evaluation of the school by the children and their personal adjustment. The third study describes the procedure for adapting the Inventory of Parents and Peers Attachment for adolescents (Armsden and Greenberg IPPA, 1987). The Spanish adaptation had satisfactory coefficients for each of the subscales except for the Alienation scale in the mother's questionnaire. The three factor structure (Trust, Communication, Alienation) is proposed as the best model despite the high correlation between the scales. The results provide evidence for the robustness of the structure of this measure and indicate that the Spanish version of IPPA faithfully replicates the original theoretical structure. In the third, and final, chapter, the theoretical and clinical implications, the limitations of the current study and the future research are discussed.
Perez, Danyel Elias da Cruz. "Neoplasias de glandulas salivares na infancia e adolescencia : analise clinica, histopatologica e imunohistoquimica." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289805.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os dados clínicos e histopatológicos de 53 tumores epiteliais de glândulas salivares que acometeram pacientes com idade inferior a 18 anos, além da expressão imunohistoquímica de p53, PCNA, Ki-67, CEA, bcl-2 e c-erbB-2 nas neoplasias malignas e p53, bcl-2, PCNA e Ki-67 nas neoplasias benignas. Entre 1953 e 1997, 53 pacientes originários dos arquivos do Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço do Hospital do Câncer, São Paulo/SP foram analisados. Aproximadamente, metade dos tumores eram benignos, apresentando predileção pelo sexo feminino. A média de idade foi de 13,8 anos, com a glândula parótida sendo a mais freqüentemente acometida. Entre todos os tumores, o adenoma pleomorfo foi o tumor mais comum e o carcinoma mucoepidermóide o tumor maligno mais prevalente, com a maioria deles apresentando baixo grau de malignidade. Vinte pacientes com tumores benignos se encontram livre da doença após 198,1 meses do tratamento e em 19 pacientes com tumores malignos não foi observada recorrência tumoral após um tempo médio de 171,6 meses. A análise imunohistoquímica não revelou correlação com o prognóstico dos tumores malignos. Os dados sugerem que nesse grupo de pacientes metade dos tumores epiteliais das glândulas salivares são malignos, em geral apresentam um bom prognóstico e que os anticorpos utilizados aparentemente não se mostraram úteis como marcadores prognósticos nos tumores de glândulas salivares em pacientes jovens
Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze clinical and histological data from 53 epithelial salivary gland tumors affecting patients 18-years-old and less. Lmmunohistochemical reaction of PCNA, Ki-67, p53, c-erbB-2, CEA, bcl-2 in the malignant tumors , and PCNA, Ki-67, p53 and bcI-2 in the benign tumors were also perfomed. From 1953 to 1997, 53 cases of epithelial salivary gland tumors were retrieved from the files of the Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. Half of the tumors were benign with predilection to females. The mean age was 13.8 years and the parotids were the most commonly affected gland. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common tumor type, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the prevalent malignant type, predominantly of low histological grade. Twenty patients with benign tumors were alive without evidences of disease after a mean of 198.1 months of treatment. Nineteen patients with malignant tumors did not show tumoral recurrence after a mean follow-up of 171.6 months. lmmunohistochemical analysis did not show correlation to prognosis of malignant tumors. Our results showed that in this group of patients, half of the epithelial salivary gland tumors are malignant with favorable prognosis. However, immunohistochemical expression of PCNA, Ki-67, p53, c-erbB-2, CEA and bcl-2 were not useful as prognostic markers in salivary gland tumors affecting youngsters
Mestrado
Estomatologia
Mestre em Estomatopatologia
Cruz, Elizabete Franco. "Espelhos d'AIDS : infancias e adolescencias nas tessituras da AIDS." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/252778.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: A epidemia da AIDS atinge crianças e adolescentes, demandando da sociedade a busca de respostas para seu cuidado, educação e saúde. Inúmeras ações, instituições e discursos começaram a emergir em nossa cultura, produzindo ¿verdades¿ sobre esta população. Espelhos d¿AIDS - infâncias e adolescências nas tessituras da AIDS é uma tese de doutorado cujo objetivo consiste em problematizar discursos sobre infância, adolescência e AIDS, em especial os discursos sobre casas de apoio, sexualidade e revelação do diagnóstico. O referencial teórico utilizado foram a obra de Michael Foucault, autores que trabalham a partir de seu referencial e a produção dos estudos culturais. As problematizações dos discursos foram feitas a partir de três fontes: a) matérias de jornais; b) matérias da Revista Saber Viver; c) experiência na área (como profissional e ativista). Os resultados do trabalho indicam que, nas práticas discursivas e não discursivas concernentes aos temas casas de apoio, sexualidade e revelação do diagnóstico emergem modos de conceber a infância, a adolescência e a AIDS que vão inventando as crianças e adolescentes vivendo com HIV AIDS. E que estas crianças e adolescentes passam a narrar-se, a construir uma experiência de si mesmos através destes dispositivos que produzem subjetividades, que funcionam como uma tecnologia do eu. As discussões deste estudo sinalizam para a necessidade de reflexão e revisão das práticas nesta área
Abstract: The AIDS epidemic affects children and adolescents, demanding that society look for answers concerning their care, education and health. Countless actions, institutions and discourses have emerged in our culture, producing different types of truth about these groups of people. Mirrors of AIDS - childhood and adolescence on the entangle of AIDS is a doctorate thesis and its goal is to motivate discussion on childhood, adolescence and AIDS, in special lectures about supporting houses, sexuality and diagnosis results. The theoretical reference used is from the work of Michael Foucault, authors who also work from or with his work and in the production of cultural studies. The discussion lectures were done from three sources: 1) newspapers articles; 2) articles from Saber Viver magazine; 3) field experience (as a professional and an activist). The conception and presentation of this thesis is that in practical discussions or not, concerning to the issue of supporting houses, sexuality, and diagnosis results, appear ways to conceive childhood, adolescence and AIDS that are creating children and teenagers living with HIV AIDS. These children and teenagers begin to tell and to build an experience of themselves through these tools that produce subjectivities, and function as a technology of the self. The discussions of this study show signs to the necessity of reflection and a review on the practices on this field
Doutorado
Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte
Doutor em Educação
Marciano, Regina Helena de Campos. "Projeto Sol Morumbi - Paulinia : as lembranças da infancia e adolescencia pelos caminhos da Educação Fisica." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275336.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
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Resumo: O Projeto Sol foi idealizado na cidade de Paulínia - São Paulo em 1986 por uma equipe transdisciplinar e colocado em prática no final de 1987. Projetado com uma arquitetura moderna em formato de 'sol', foram construídos quatro núcleos em bairros da periferia da cidade: João Aranha, Monte Alegre, Morro Alto e Morumbi. Este último citado, o Morumbi é o que contempla este estudo. Objetivava-se um trabalho preventivo aos riscos da rua, por intermédio de uma proposta sócio-educativa preencher um período ocioso do dia das crianças e adolescentes que primeiramente o atendimento era dos sete aos treze anos, ou seja, no período contrário ao da escola formal. A necessidade era devido às questões orçamentárias da família, onde a grande maioria necessitava trabalhar fora do lar. A proposta era vivenciar e despertar curiosidades nas áreas da Educação Artística, Educação Física e Educação Geral (Pedagogia). Um trabalho que se diferenciasse da escola formal, pois, esta já ocupava um papel claro e definido na nossa sociedade. Esta proposta inovadora na cidade foi construída na e pela prática, por ser na época questões pouco discutidas no contexto educacional. Este trabalho perdurou por treze anos, sendo fechado em Janeiro do ano 200 I. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram saber que lembranças guardam os ex-freqüentadores do Projeto Sol Morumbi, da sua infância e adolescência, neste espaço que não era escola e se os objetivos do projeto original, escrito pela equipe transdisciplinar foram realmente atendidos ou se restringiram aos papéis. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, estruturada em forma de questionário, com questões abertas, sem i-abertas e fechadas. A forma do envio foi de cunho pessoal. Foram distribuídos setenta e quatro questionários e devolvidos respondidos quarenta e oito. Concluí-se que o Projeto Sol atendeu a sua finalidade específica, passando pelas vertentes da educação formal, informal e não-formal, até sedimentar-se em características próprias do que se pretendia explorado pelas áreas citadas. Com o resultado deste trabalho, objetiva-se ampliar as discussões na esfera educacional, e na prática da Educação Física escolar e não-escolar, perpassando a questão do lazer. Discussões de papéis fundamentais na relação professor-aluno, numa via de mão dupla: ora quem ensina, ora quem aprende. Principalmente de quem vive o momento presente, seja qual for o espaço educacional
Abstract: "Sun Project" was idealized in Paulínia city, São Paulo State, in 1986 by a team involvin~ persons from different educational areas. This project was put into practice in the end of 1987 Four units were constructed (built) following a modern architectural design in sun shape ir different surrounding districts of the city: João Aranha, Monte Alegre, Morro Alto e Morumbi The present study was based on the work carried out in Morumbi unit. Its aim was to preven children from street hazards by means of a socio educational proposal able to fill the idlt moments of children and teenagers in that period of the day when they were not in the forma school. This was a necessity arose from the financial position of the children family memben most of whom worked outdoor. Its purpose was to give children opportunity for life experience~ and to arouse in them interest in Art Education, Physical Education and in General Educatior (Pedagogy). A work that could differentiate from formal educational which already holds a cleal and defined role in our society. This innovative proposal in the city was stated in practice and b) practice, since it involved subjects not usually discussed in educational context in those days This work lasted 13 years, and ended in January, 2001. The main objective was to know whict memories the frequenters of "Sun Project Morumbi" keep from their childhood and adolescenct in that space that was not a school and whether the original objectives of the project were reall) put in practice or were restricted to papers. Forty eight out of seventy four distributec questionnaires were answered and sent back. ln the present study a field research was carried ou using a survey questionnaire with open, sem i open and closed questions. The questionnaires wen directly distributed by the researcher to the project frequenters. We carne to the conclusion thal "Sun Project Morumbi" attained its specific purpose involving formal and informal education It's been explored by the mentioned areas and finally settled in its peculiar intendec characteristics. Using the results ofthis research we aim to broaden discussion in the educationa sphere and in practice of physical educational supplied in school and out of school and also ir leisure matter. Discussions about fundamental roles in teacher-student relationship, in a two-wa) via: sometimes who teaches sometimes who learns. Mainly of who live in the present whatevel the educational space considered.
Mestrado
Estudos do Lazer
Mestre em Educação Física
Arredondo, Simons Patricia. "Relación entre los mensajes alimenticios recibidos en la infancia con las características asociadas a los trastornos alimenticios." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/11722.
Full textThe objective of the investigation was to examine the relationship between food messages transmitted by caregivers during childhood and the presence of both psychological and behavioral characteristics associated with the risk of developing eating disorders. The study was made up of 121 school age females between 13 and 18 years of age (M = 15.43, SD = 1.08) who attended a private school in Lima from third to fifth grade. The Food Behavior Disorders Inventory EDI-2 (Garner, 1998) was used as well as the Caregiver Eating Messages Scale (CEMS), an instrument designed by Kroon Van Diest & Tylka in 2010. The results show the existence of significant associations between the two dimensions of CEMS (obligatory and restrictive messages) and characteristics associated with the risk of developing eating disorders. The highest correlations were between the restriction dimension with the scales of body dissatisfaction (r = 46) and impulsivity (r = 46). While the obligatory dimension was related to obsession with thinness (r = 30) and low perfectionism (r = 38). Regarding the scale of fear of maturity, we found that it correlated positively with obligatoriness and negatively with restriction. In addition, differences were found based on sociodemographic variables such as grade, family type and BMI reported.
Tesis
Hernández, Madrid Claudia. "Significado de los vínculos afectivos durante la infancia de dos adolescentes varones que han agredido sexualmente." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134300.
Full textLa presente investigación se sustenta epistemológicamente en los postulados de la teoría constructivista evolutiva, para aproximarse a los significados de los vínculos afectivos durante la infancia de dos adolescentes que han agredido sexualmente a familiares directos, específicamente a sus hermanas. Para cumplir este objetivo, en primer lugar se desarrollan los antecedentes teóricos y empíricos, que permite sustentar que el individuo es un ser activo en la construcción del sí mismo, y de la relación que establece con los otros, siendo la interacción con la realidad un eje fundamental. Y que a su vez, los vínculos afectivos que se construyen en edades tempranas, son fundamentales para el desarrollo del conocimiento del sí mismo, y de las dinámicas interpersonales que establecen los individuos con un otro significativo, en etapas de desarrollo posteriores. Para ahondar en los conceptos centrales de esta investigación en un primer momento se utilizan autobiografías escritas, y en un segundo momento entrevistas con formato de relatos de vida, como un intento de obtener una comprensión profunda de los significados tal y como la presentan los adolescentes, a través de un análisis narrativo de sus narrativas. Se concluye que los adolescentes han construido relaciones afectivas inestables y carentes emocional y físicamente con sus figuras cuidadoras (padres), toda vez que se observa una visión predominantemente negativa hacia sus padres, asociada principalmente a experiencias de malos tratos y distancia emocional y física. A partir de esto, se discute respecto de las figuras de apego y los estilos vinculares, como bases del comportamiento, y la construcción gradual del sentido de uno mismo unitario y continuo en el tiempo
Vázquez, Méndez J. Elida. "Resonancia magnética de la región hipotálamo-hipofisaria en la patología endocrinológica durante la infancia y adolescencia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666721.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the alterations found in Magnetic Resonance (MRI) scans of the hypothalamus-pituitary region performed in children and adolescents referred for suspicion of pathology from the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit of our tertiary center during a period of 10 years (2007-2017). The findings found by MRI have been related and classified in the main pathological entities or clinical-radiological syndromes (hypopituitarism, diencephalic syndrome, pubertal development disorders, central diabetes insipidus, hypersecretory disorders and incidental findings). A total of 279 children and adolescents were evaluated, with the age range of the patients from 2 months to 22 years (mean 9.63 years), with a sex distribution of 56.39% males and 43.61% females. Regarding the methodology, a retrospective observational study of the MRI scans performed in the Department of Pediatric Radiology of the Hospital Vall d'Hebron during this period was carried out. Exams were performed on 3 different magnets, two of 1.5 Teslas -Magnetom and Avanto (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) - and another 3.0 Teslas -Trio (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). Regarding the clinical syndromes presented by these patients, 55% were referred for hypopituitarism; 26% due to puberty disorders; 8% had diabetes insipidus and 11% had hypersecretory disorders, with suspicion of pituitary adenoma or other type of tumor. The findings of the explorations were later correlated with the clinical findings and the hormonal parameters referred in the information provided by the pediatric endocrinologists and also consulted in our hospital's computer system or in the shared clinical history of Catalonia. The revised examinations were normal in 75% of patients, while 25% had some anomaly, which was generally well correlated with the symptoms or clinical syndrome that the patient presented. In each entity the imaging findings are discussed more deeply, the updated bibliography is provided and the most representative cases are presented for teaching purposes.
Ruiz, Bry Eugenia M. "Algunas reflexiones en torno al campo jurídico en relación a la infancia/adolescencia en riesgo vital." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113723.
Full textEspinosa, Gil Rosa Maria. "El diagnóstico del trastorno por estrés postraumático en infancia y adolescencia y aportaciones para el trauma complejo." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/371148.
Full textDIAGNOSIS OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT AND CONTRIBUTIONS FOR COMPLEX TRAUMA ABSTRACT Increasing scientific evidence exists of PTSD and various diagnostic classifications are proposing new criteria, the field of childhood and adolescence being less developed. While the APA (2013) It has included more specific symptoms in preschoolers, it described for school children, adolescents and adults virtually the same diagnostic criteria. The World Health Organization.(WHO) has a new proposal for stress-related and it is anticipated that will accommodate the complex PTSD diagnosis (based on situations of interpersonal violence) disorders. We review the different theories describing PTSD and how they have evolved from a perspective based learning, cognitive and neurobiological to later develop integrative perspective. Goals Determine symptom clusters for the diagnosis of PTSD in children and adolescents and analyze the validity of the CPSS in the diagnosis of PTSD in children exposed to trauma. Method The sample consisted of 221 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years undergoing chronic domestic violence. Procedure Instruments: The Child symptom PTSD Scale (CPSS). We apply an exploratory factor analysis (not weighted least squares) and internal consistency analysis was performed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results After data analysis we found one latent factor getting a good model fit. In turn, the internal consistency was .88.por we believe that the CPSS is a suitable and instrument with good psychometric properties. Conclusions In child and adolescent population it is recommended to focus on the presence of PTSD symptoms, regardless of the symptomatic group and the criteria specified within each. In this sense the dimensional approach seems more appropriate than the categorical approach towards responding to this population. The new proposal from the CIE 11 is closer to the approach of PTSD diagnosis, it is more parsimonious and get better respond to the child and adolescent population.
Figueroa, Grenett Claudio. "Infancia y ciudadanía: Producción de subjetividad en el caso del movimiento por una cultura de derechos de niñez y adolescencia." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/145756.
Full textLa matriz socio-cultural adultocéntrica genera desigualaciones etarias que afectan a los grupos sociales considerados “menores de edad”. Mientras que a niños, niñas y adolescentes se les atribuyen características tales como dependencia, irracionalidad e incapacidad, los cuerpos que habitan la adultez son caracterizados como potentes, valiosos, con capacidad de decisión y control sobre los demás. Esto se conecta con el patrón de ciudadanía y ámbito público propio de las sociedades occidentales, que tiende a universalizar la figura el hombre, adulto, heterosexual y blanco. Frente a esto, los movimientos sociales de minorías desarrollaron fuertes críticas con el objetivo de extender la igualdad y libertad para mujeres, afrodescendientes, diversidades sexuales e indígenas, etcétera. Y, al mismo tiempo, en los bordes de lo instituido, construyeron “otras ciudadanías” a pesar de que muchas veces no contaron con el estatus propio de los “verdaderos ciudadanos”. El presente trabajo tiene el propósito de destacar experiencias que, al ser analizadas desde determinadas herramientas conceptuales, puedan proveer luces sobre la construcción de “otras ciudadanías” en el marco del campo de estudios sobre la infancia. En dicha tarea, desde un enfoque de investigación cualitativa y un diseño de tipo discursivo –aunque integra observación etnográfica- se estudia el proceso de subjetivación en el caso del Movimiento por una Cultura de Derechos de Niñez y Adolescencia. Respecto a la producción de información, y para lograr una comprensión integral y profunda del caso de estudio, se combinó la revisión de bibliografía especializada y documentos oficiales del Movimiento, la realización de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y observación de actividades. El modelo de análisis empleado incorpora dimensiones comúnmente utilizadas en los estudios sobre movimientos sociales, como son los repertorios de acción, la construcción de diagnósticos, pronósticos y orientaciones, como también las relaciones que se establecen entre movimientos sociales, institucionalidad y otras organizaciones
González, Vega Lizeth Adriana. "Transformaciones semánticas sobre la participación y desvinculación de niños, niñas y adolescentes en el conflicto armado colombiano durante el periodo 2000-2016." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/167855.
Full textA partir de análisis de contenido cualitativo, este estudio explora las trasformaciones semánticas en la política pública nacional e internacional (2000-2016) en relación con el fenómeno de la participación, desvinculación y reinserción de los excombatientes NNA (niños, niñas, adolescentes) que han tomado parte en conflictos armados, haciendo una observación detallada sobre el caso colombiano. El marco teórico-analítico que se utiliza es la Teoría de sistemas sociales de Niklas Luhmann, y en él, específicamente el concepto de Semántica. Con ello, la investigación profundiza en las diferentes comprensiones que se han elaborado alrededor de este fenómeno tanto en los lineamientos internacionales sobre procesos de DDR –Desarme, desmovilización y reintegración de NNA, como en las directrices legales y programáticas que se han emitido desde el Estado colombiano para intervenir este fenómeno; además problematiza su relación con los cambios sociales contemporáneos y la aparición de estructuras en diferentes sistemas sociales. Se presentan hallazgos específicos en relación con transformaciones semánticas dadas desde el sistema político –en relación con la denominación y abordaje del oponente en el marco de los conflictos–, en el sistema jurídico –en relación con las nociones que orientan la aplicación de justicia en las situaciones ‘excepcionales’ que representan los conflictos armados–, y trasformaciones trasversales a diversos sistemas sociales asociadas a la observación creciente de los Derechos del niño, los marcos de Derecho Internacional Humanitario, la perspectiva de reparación e inclusión social dirigida a los NNA que participan en los conflictos armados y que se consideran víctimas de ellos, la construcción del rol ‘excombatiente’, entre otros elementos. El estudio aporta evidencia sobre cómo las semánticas sobre DDR de NNA han articulado las políticas públicas dirigidas a diversos sistemas y han actuado como antecesoras de la creación de nuevas semánticas y estructuras de alta especificidad para abordar la problemática del reclutamiento forzado de NNA en Colombia y el mundo
Pereira, de Abreu Desirée. "Promoción de la salud en la infancia y adolescencia: afrontamiento del estrés y bienestar subjetivo en preadolescentes escolarizados." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400668.
Full textAquesta tesi doctoral té l'objectiu d'estudiar les relacions entre els esdeveniments estressors quotidians, les estratègies d'afrontament a l'estrès i el benestar subjectiu en nens i adolescents escolaritzats al nord-est del Brasil. La mostra global es compón de 864 participants amb edats compromeses entre 9 i 18, d’ alumnes de 6è i 1º ESO d'escoles públiques i privades, urbanes i rurals, un total de 27 escoles ubicades a Ceará-Brasil. Els qüestionaris administrats contenien un índex de pobresa multidimensional, tres escales de benestar subjectiu, vuit índexs de satisfacció per àmbits de la vida, l’escala d'afectes nuclears, l’índex de sentit de comunitat, l’inventari d'esdeveniments estressors, i l’inventari d'estratègies d'afrontament per a escolars . Els resultats de l'Estudi I apunten que la situació de major desavantatge social s'associa a un menor índex de benestar subjectiu, i que l'índex de pobresa multidimensional és un predictor important del benestar de la població estudiada. Els resultats de l'estudi II indiquen que els alumnes de les escoles públiques en contextos urbans al nord-est del Brasil estan més exposats que els de contextos rurals, a l'estrès quotidià y puntuen més baix el sentit de comunitat, sent aquest últim un important predictor del benestar de la població estudiada. Els resultats de l'estudi III identifiquen les noies com més afectades per l'estrès quotidià, sent el seu benestar subjectiu explicat pels afectes positius, que al seu torn és explicat negativament per l'estrès percebut
Ortiz, García Ana Encarnación. "Marcadores genéticos y de neuroimagen en el Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo de inicio en la infancia y la adolescencia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/311615.
Full textObsessive-compulsive disorder is a neuropsychiatric disorder that often begins in childhood and adolescence and around 40% of cases remains chronically in adulthood. This disorder is very heterogeneous from the phenomenological clinical expression. Due to this heterogeneity, this thesis had as objectives: from the clinical point of view: sociodemographic and clinically characterize a sample of pediatric patients with Obsessive-‐Compulsive Disorder; from neuroimaging: analyze, by magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques, differences in concentrations of neurometabolites in the anterior cingulate cortex, as described in the literature area involved in the pathophysiology of OCD, including pediatric patients with OCD and a sample of healthy subjects; from genetics: identify associations between genetic variants of dopaminergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic systems, among others, and the risk of early-‐onset OCD through a transmission disequilibrium study conducted in families; and finally, study the relationship between the concentrations of these neurometabolites with genetic variants. Our results indicate that patients with OCD in children and adolescents age, have high rates of comorbidity. About 67% of patients in our sample shows a comorbid OCD and 28.6% of them, two or more diagnoses. In terms of neuroimaging, there are significant differences in the concentration of glutamate in patients with early onset OCD related to disease duration (less or more than 24 months) in the anterior cingulate cortex. We also found significantly lower levels of inositol in the region in patients compared to healthy subjects. At the genetic level, HTR1B genetic variants (rs2000292) and GAD2 (rs992990 and rs8190748) are associated with the risk of early-‐onset OCD. It also seems to be a sexual dimorphism in these associations which would be specific to the HTR1B men and women for GAD2 gene. That is, changes in the serotonergic pathways, glutametergic and GABAergic confer an increased risk of developing OCD early onset and in addition, we found an association between HTR1B, SCL18A1 and GRIA1 polymorphisms and concentrations of neurometabolites in the ACC that it could indicate a key part of biological interaction between the serotonergic and glutamatergic pathways in the pathophysiology of OCD.
Navajas, Hurtado Alicia. "Ocio compartido en familia: implicaciones prácticas dentro del Sistema de Protección a la Infancia y a la Adolescencia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400134.
Full textLa literatura científica sobre oci compartit en família centra les seves aportacions en famílies que no es troben en situació de risc social, sent escasses les investigacions sobre famílies amb fills en mesures d'acollida. En vista d'aquest buit en la literatura, la present tesi doctoral pretén aprofundir en aquesta temàtica poc coneguda de l'oci compartit en les visites del Sistema de Protecció a la Infància i l'Adolescència, indagant sobre les seves característiques, beneficis, rellevància, factors influents i suggeriments de millora al respecte. La metodologia qualitativa utilitzada s'ha basat en l'anàlisi d'entrevistes i grups de discussió de 147 participants (pares i fills reunificats o en procés, joves ex tutelats, professionals del Sistema de Protecció i experts en la Perspectiva de les Fortaleses). Els resultats més rellevants apunten a l'oci en família com un element afavoridor de visites de qualitat i de la reunificació, així com a promotor de processos de resiliència i qualitat de vida.
The scientific literature about family leisure is focused on families without a situation of social risk; thus, there is little research on families with children in foster care. Given this gap in the literature, the present dissertation aims to go deeper on this subject, the shared leisure during the visits in the Child Welfare System. In order to achieve this goal, the research inquiries about its features, benefits, relevance, influential factors and suggestions for improvement. The used methodology has been based on a qualitative research that analyses interviews and focus groups of 147 participants (parents and children/adolescents reunified or in the process of reunification, former youths, professionals who work in the Child Welfare System and academic people who are experts on the Strengths Perspective). The most relevant results in the study point out that family leisure is an enabling element for quality visits and for reunification, as well as a promoter of resilience and quality of life.
Pereira, Nadia do Nascimento. "Novas politicas na area de saude mental na infancia e adolescencia: praticas e concepcoes teoricas na reinsercao psicossocial." Rio de Janeiro : [s.n.], 2003. http://teses.cict.fiocruz.br/pdf/pereirannm.pdf.
Full textMartínez-Amorós, Natalia. "Análisis y seguimiento de diferentes variables ambientales y su influencia en el sobrepeso y obesidad infanto-juvenil." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/71532.
Full textSalmerón, Sepúlveda Lorena. "El trastorno disocial como precursor del trastorno antisocial de la personalidad." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/135559.
Full textAutor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento
La mayoría de los menores con trastorno disocial se van implicando cada vez menos en los intercambios agresivos, sin embargo, una minoría continúa manifestando conductas antisociales. Esta minoría constituye una población de riesgo a padecer un trastorno antisocial de personalidad. Marco teórico. Desde la teoría del aprendizaje social y del modelo de coerción de Patterson, el comportamiento antisocial se desarrolla y consolida por medio del aprendizaje observacional, principalmente del estilo educativo parental y las relaciones entre pares. Objetivo. Encontrar evidencia científica que demuestre que el trastorno disocial constituye un factor precursor del trastorno antisocial de la personalidad en la adultez. Método. Revisión bibliográfica a partir de artículos científicos empíricos y longitudinales, publicados, en los últimos 10 años, por revistas indexadas en bases de datos reconocidas dentro del ámbito de la Psicología. Resultados. A nivel intergeneracional, los hijos de padres antisociales tienen una cifra mayor de conductas antisociales. A nivel intrageneracional, el trastorno disocial tiene un poderoso efecto a largo plazo, el cual continúa en la adultez. Asimismo, se han detectado factores de riesgo como el maltrato infantil o las pautas educativas inadecuadas. Conclusiones. Diversas investigaciones ponen de manifiesto la existencia de cierta continuidad evolutiva, aún así sólo reflejan tendencias. No se puede afirmar que exista una relación causal entre ambos trastornos, ya que esta evolución es el resultado de una interacción compleja de diversos factores genéticos, ambientales y psicológicos
Contreras, Valdovinos Teresa Paz. "Oficina de protección de derechos de la infancia y adolescencia de estación central. Las interfaces compartidas con salud y educación." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/133816.
Full textBottura, Ana Claudia. "Colelitiase não-hemolitica na infancia e na adolescencia : distribuição etaria, manifestações clinicas, diagnostico, fatores predisponentes, tratamento e complicações em 65 pacientes." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313698.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Pouco se conhece sobre epidemiologia e melhor terapêutica da colelitíase na infância. Sabe-se que o número de casos é crescente e alguns necessitam de cirurgia e apresentam risco de complicações. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os prováveis aspectos envolvidos na colelitíase, de etiologia não-hemolítica, em crianças e adolescentes, na tentativa de esclarecer aspectos relacionados a fatores de risco, quadro clínico, diagnóstico, bem como presença de doenças associadas, complicações, história familiar e as condutas terapêuticas realizadas. Foram avaliados 65 pacientes, de 0 a 18 anos, com colelitíase não-hemolítica, atendidos de janeiro de 1993 a dezembro de 2005 no Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. O estudo foi descritivo, retrospectivo e prospectivo, utilizando-se dados obtidos por meio de prontuários e entrevistas. Os pais foram convocados para realização de ultra-sonografia abdominal para investigar colelitíase. A investigação laboratorial dos pacientes constou de perfil lipídico (colesterol total e frações e dosagem de triglicérides) e perfil hepático (aminotransferases e gama-glutamiltranspeptidase). Também foi realizado um estudo de caso-controle investigando a influência da colelitíase materna sobre a litíase nos filhos. Quarenta e seis dos 65 doentes eram do sexo feminino (70,77%), com predomínio das meninas nos escolares e adolescentes. Os brancos corresponderam a 69,23% (45/65) e a idade média ao diagnóstico foi de 9,85 anos. Foram sintomáticos 69,23% dos casos (45/65), principalmente acima dos 7 anos, e os principais sintomas e sinais foram: dor abdominal (45), vômitos (27), náuseas (22), empachamento pós-prandial (16), icterícia (12) e intolerância a alimentos gordurosos (9). A mediana de duração do início do quadro clínico até o diagnóstico foi de 6 meses. As condições associadas e fatores de risco estiveram presentes em 43 pacientes (66,15%), principalmente nos menores de 14 anos (freqüente prematuridade nos menores de 6 anos). As alterações do perfil hepático e do perfil lipídico ocorreram, respectivamente, em 21/43 (48,84%) e 14/49 casos (28,57%). Complicações (coledocolitíase e pancreatite) foram raras, com predomínio em adolescentes. A colecistectomia foi realizada em 51 pacientes (78,46%). Foram encontradas 10 mães com diagnóstico de colelitíase e 36 de 57 pacientes (63,16%) apresentavam história familiar de colelitíase. Os resultados permitem concluir que:1. O sexo feminino predominou, progressivamente, a partir do segundo grupo; 2. Queixas freqüentes foram: dor abdominal, vômitos, náuseas e empachamento; 3. O diagnóstico dos sintomáticos foi tardio; 4. Os pacientes acima de 7 anos foram os mais sintomáticos e os menores de 14 anos apresentaram maior positividade para doenças e fatores de risco associados; 5. Os fatores de risco mais relevantes foram: antibioticoterapia parenteral, nutrição parenteral prolongada, cirurgia abdominal, hipertensão portal e prematuridade; 6. Foi freqüente o antecedente pessoal de hepatopatia, além do perfil hepático alterado; 7. Obesidade e dislipidemia grave não foram freqüentes; 8. Coledocolitíase e pancreatite biliar foram raras, predominando nos adolescentes; 9. A conduta predominante foi a colecistectomia laparoscópica; 10. A maioria apresentava história médica sugestiva e(ou) antecedente familiar para colelitíase; 11. Antecedente familiar de dislipidemia, obesidade e urolitíase foi positivo na metade deles; 12. Não se comprovou influência do antecedente materno de colelitíase
Abstract: There is a poor knowledge on the epidemiology and the best therapy of cholelithiasis in childhood. The number of cases is increasing, some requiring surgery which implies in risks and complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the probable features involved in nonhemolitic cholelithiasis in children and adolescents, as an attempt to elucidate features related to risk factors, clinical picture, diagnosis, as well as the presence of associated diseases, complications, family history and medical treatment. Sixty-five patients from age 0 to 18 years with nonhemolitic cholelithiasis were followed from January 1993 to December 2005 at the Hospital of State University of Campinas. The study was descriptive, retrospective and prospective, and the data were collected from patients' records and interviews. The patients¿ parents were investigated for cholelithiasis by ultrassonography. The laboratorial investigation of patients consisted in the lipidic profile (total cholesterol, fractions and triglyceride dosage) and hepatic profile (aminotransferases and gama-GT). A case-control study was also performed in order to investigate the influence on those children whose mothers had cholelithiasis. Forty-six of 65 patients were female (70.77%), with a predominance of females among scholars and adolescents. Caucasians corresponded to 69.23% (45/85) and the mean age at diagnosis was 9.85 years. The symptomatic patients represented 69.23% (45/65), mainly over 7 years, and the main symptoms and signs were: abdominal pain (45), vomiting (27), nauseas (22), post-prandial discomfort (16), jaundice (12) and fat food intolerance (9). The median time lapse from the beginning of clinical presentation up to diagnosis was 6 months. The associated conditions and risk factors were present in 43 patients (66.15%), mainly below 14 years (frequent prematurity below 6 years). Lipidic and hepatic abnormalities occurred, respectively, in 21/43 (48.84%) and 14/49 cases (28.57%). Complications (choledocolithiasis and pancreatitis) were rare, with predominance in adolescents. Fifty-one patients (78.46%) underwent cholecystectomy. Ten mothers were diagnosed with cholelithiasis and 36 out of 57 patients (63.16%) presented family history of cholelithiasis. Based on these results, the conclusions were: 1.The prevalence in females predominated increasingly in the second group; 2. Frequent complains were: abdominal pain, vomiting, nauseas and post-prandial discomfort; 3. The diagnoses of symptomatics were late; 4. Patients older than 7 years were the most symptomatic and those below 14 years of age had a greater tendency towards associated diseases and risk factors. 5. Relevant risk factors and associated illnesses were: parenteral antibiotics, prolonged parenteral nutrition, abdominal surgery, portal hypertension and prematurity; 6. Hepatical patology and altered hepatic perfil were frequent; 7. Obesity and severe dislipidemia were not frequent; 8.Cholelithiasis and biliary pancreatitis were rare complications, predominating in adolescents; 9. Most patients received laparoscopic cholecystectomy; 10. Most cases had suggestive medical history and(or) family antecedent of cholelithiasis; 11. Family antecedent of dislipidemia, obesity and urolithiasis occurred in half of the patients; 12. The influence of mothers presenting antecedents for cholelithiasis on children and adolescents was not confirmed.
Mestrado
Pediatria
Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Baratta, Alessandro. "Elementos de un nuevo derecho para la infancia y la adolescencia. A propósito del Estatuto del Niño y del Adolescente de Brasil." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122536.
Full textCarneiro, de Alcantara Stefania. "Violencia entre pares en el contexto escolar (bullying) y bienestar subjetivo: factores de riesgo y protección para la salud en la infancia y adolescencia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400562.
Full textLa tesi doctoral té com a objectiu d'estudiar les relacions entre la violència entre iguals en el context escolar, el benestar subjectiu i d’altres factors psicosocials dels contextos individual, familiar, escolar i comunitari a partir d'un enfocament ecològic. La mostra està composada per 910 nens i adolescents de sisè i setè de primària (M = 11,90; SD = 1,21), de 27 escoles, públiques i privades, urbanes i rurals de l'estat del Ceará, nord-est del Brasil. Els instruments utilitzats van ser els següents: Autoestima, Suport social, Exigència i Responsivitat Parental, Clima Escolar, Sentit de Comunitat, Percepció de Control, Percepció i Satisfacció amb els Contextos de Casa, Escola i Barri, Conflictes Familiars, Escala de Victimització i Agressió entre iguals, ítem únic de Satisfacció Global amb la Vida, Índex de Benestar Personal versió escolar i Escala de Satisfacció amb la Vida per a Estudiants. Els principals resultats indiquen que: i) existeix una relació negativa entre comportaments de victimització i agressió i el benestar dels participants, i una relació positiva entre el seu benestar i els índexs de percepció i satisfacció amb contextos (escola, casa, barri), i el suport social (família i amics); ii) els grups de víctimes, perpetradors i perpetrador-víctimes van obtenir les mitjanes més baixes de benestar subjectiu, suport social i contextos de desenvolupament comparats amb el grup dels no involucrats en el bullying; iii) la variable bullying, sola o en interacció amb les variables de percepció dels contextos de desenvolupament de la casa, l'escola, el barri, el clima escolar, és la que més impacte té sobre el benestar de la població estudiada; iv) hi ha vint-i-set variables psicosocials associades amb la implicació en el bullying, sigui com a víctima, agressor o víctima-agressor
Dangerfield, Mark Philip. "Estudio de las consecuencias psicopatológicas de las adversidades relacionales en la infancia y de la transmisión del trauma transgeneracional." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668739.
Full textLas experiencias relacionales adversas en la infancia (ERA) son vivencias que generan un enorme sufrimiento y que tienen relación con los trastornos mentales graves que suelen manifestarse en la adolescencia. Esta tesis estudia la prevalencia de las ERA, las consecuencias psicopatológicas de la acumulación de las mismas, la falta de detección del abuso sexual y sus consecuencias, así como la transmisión transgeneracional del trauma relacional, en una muestra de adolescentes (N=251) con trastorno mental que ingresaron en un Hospital de Día entre los años 2008 y 2017. Las teorías del apego y de la mentalización sirven de marco teórico de referencia para comprender los efectos de estas experiencias adversas sobre el psiquismo en desarrollo de los menores, así como para entender la transmisión transgeneracional del trauma relacional, que contribuye a perpetuar las consecuencias psicopatológicas de generación en generación. Los resultados de los diferentes estudios que componen la tesis muestran la relación significativa entre el hecho de haber sufrido ERA acumulativas y el riesgo de psicosis, así como un riesgo aumentado de intentos de suicidio en los adolescentes. Los resultados muestran también que tan solo en un 21% de los casos el abuso sexual había sido detectado con anterioridad al ingreso en el Hospital de Día, hecho que también tiene relación significativa con un riesgo de intentos de suicidio en los adolescentes. Por último, los resultados muestran una relación significativa entre el hecho de haber sufrido ERA y el hecho que los progenitores de los adolescentes también hayan sufrido ERA en su propia infancia.
Adverse relational experiences in childhood (ARE) generate enormous suffering and are related to serious mental disorders that usually appear during adolescence. This thesis studies the prevalence of ARE, the psychopathological consequences of their accumulation, the lack of detection of sexual abuse and its consequences, as well as the transgenerational transmission of relational trauma, in a sample of adolescents (N = 251) with mental disorders that were admitted to a Day Hospital between 2008 and 2017. The theories of attachment and mentalization serve as a theoretical framework for understanding the effects of these adverse experiences on the developing psyche of the child, as well as for understanding the transgenerational transmission of relational trauma, which contributes to perpetuating the psychopathological consequences from generation to generation. The results of the different studies in the thesis show the significant relationship between the fact of having suffered cumulative ARE and the risk of psychosis, as well as an increased risk of suicide attempts in adolescents. The results also show that sexual abuse had only been detected prior to admission to the Day Hospital in a 21% of cases, a fact that also has a significant relationship with a risk of suicide attempts in adolescents. Finally, the results show a significant relationship between the fact of having suffered ARE and the fact that the parents of adolescents have also suffered ARE in their own childhood.
Artigue, Gómez Jordi. "Validación de un instrumento de detección de factores de riesgo de salud mental en la infancia y adolescencia: Listado de ítems en salud mental (LISMEN)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83868.
Full textLa detección de factores de riesgo pueden ser una pieza clave en la prevención de los trastornos de salud mental. Como ya es conocido la estructuración del aparato psíquico es fruto de las interacciones entre la genética y el medio ambiente, por este motivo, las experiencias relacionales en la infancia condicionan el desarrollo neurológico y emocional del niño. Existen acontecimientos vitales que pueden ser considerados de riesgo para la salud mental de un niño, como por ejemplo, los problemas obstétricos o situaciones de maltrato. Se ha demostrado que la acumulación de estas circunstancias generan una trayectoria de vida alterada que hace más vulnerables a las personas ante la posibilidad de padecer un trastorno mental. El LISMEN es un listado de ítems en salud mental basado en la bibliografía científica nacional e internacional sobre factores de riesgo. La información que pide es accesible para profesionales no especializados en salud mental y se puede utilizar en servicios de salud comunitarios como los de pediatría y medicina de familia. El análisis estadístico realizado en esta investigación muestra que su fiabilidad (índice Kappa<0,7) y consistencia interna (Alpha de Cronbach entre el 0,80 y el 0,98) son excelentes y que es sensible y específico (80% y 70% para un punto de 9 factores de riesgo acumulados) para detectar poblaciones que acumulan un riesgo patológico en salud mental. El LISMEN es un instrumento que ayuda a sistematizar la información biográfica de la persona y fácil de utilizar en la detección y prevención de los trastornos mentales.
The risk factors for a mental health disorders , may be a key in the prevention of those disorders. Our genetic predisposition in interaction with environmental exposures build our psyche, therefore the relational experiences in the childhood determine the child's emotional and neurological development. Some life events , such as obstetric problems or child abuse , may increase the risk of psychopathology. Research suggests that the accumulation of these circumstances generate an altered life trajectory that results in a vulnerability for mental disorders. LISMEN is a list of items on mental health, based on scientific literature both national and international about risk factors . Information requested is available for not specializing mental health professionals and can be used in community health services such as paediatrics and general practitioners. Statistical analysis shows that reliability (kappa <0.7) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha between 0.80 and 0.98) are excellent and LISMEN is sensitive and specific (80% and 70 % for a 9-point cumulative risk factors) to identify populations at risk. LISMEN is a tool to helps systematize personal and biographical information, easy to use in detection and prevention of mental disorders.
Rodríguez, Ferret Natalia. "Bases biológicas de la fisiopatología y la farmacología del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo de inicio en la infancia y la adolescencia. Influencia de la genética y la desregulación inmunológica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664166.
Full textObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in childhood and adolescence is a psychiatric disorder with a prevalence of around 1-3%, characterized by the presence of recurrent obsessions and compulsions that generate high anxiety and discomfort in the patient. In addition, the early debut of these patients entails a greater risk for chronicity and a worse prognosis. Current knowledge about the risk factors and the etiopathogenic mechanisms of OCD is still limited. One of the most recent hypotheses proposes that alterations in the immune system could be involved in the development of this disease. Regarding the therapeutic approach, the main pharmacological treatment used in these patients is fluoxetine. Despite its efficacy in the control of obsessive- compulsive symptoms, there is a high interindividual variability in the clinical response. The present doctoral thesis aims to deepen the biological basis involved in the susceptibility to develop OCD in childhood and adolescence, focusing on the role played by genetic factors and immune alterations, with the ultimate goal of identifying new therapeutic targets. In addition, we evaluated the influence of genetic factors on fluoxetine response in children and adolescents, in order to improve the current pharmacological treatment. The results obtained indicate the presence of immune alterations at different levels in children and adolescents with OCD. Specifically, these patients showed a higher frequency of certain HLA class II alleles, as well as a higher concentration of circulating proinflammatory monocytes compared to control individuals. In addition, the cultured monocytes from OCD patients released higher amounts of proinflammatory cytokines and showed different expression profiles in genes related to the immune system compared to those from controls. Regarding the pharmacogenetics of fluoxetine, genetic and epigenetic variants in genes related to the serotonin system (HTRB1 and TPH2) seem to have an important effect on the therapeutic response. These findings provide new evidence on the pathophysiology and pharmacology of OCD, useful for the development of new therapeutic strategies and for the improvement of current pharmacological treatment.
Cruz, Ana Paula Galdeano. "A participação da sociedade civil nos programas sociais na area da infancia e da adolescencia : um estudo sobre as politicas publicas no interior do Estado de São Paulo." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281057.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A pesquisa investiga a participação da sociedade civil nos programas sociais na área da infância e da adolescência. Os programas são desenvolvidos em distintos municípios do interior do Estado de São Paulo. O objetivo é mapear os atores participantes e investigar como tem ocorrido a participação da sociedade civil nestes programas. O foco da análise problematiza o processo de parcerias estabelecidas entre Estado e sociedade civil. Ressalta que este é um campo plural e heterogêneo, cujo resultado deve considerar a pluralidade de atores envolvidos no contexto democrático. Resgata as tramas histórico-institucionais mais amplas nas quais as políticas sociais estão inseridas, para que possamos compreender os conflitos e os resultados de ações concretas. Trabalhamos com a referência de que o movimento que resultou no ECA, apesar de tornar coerente os direitos e os problemas de crianças e adolescentes, não tem sido capaz de romper com o autoritarismo social Fatores políticos e culturais configuram dificuldades à extensão da cidadania e dos direitos políticos e sociais assegurados legalmente
Abstract: The research investigates the civil society' s participation in the social programs concerning children and adolescents. These programs have been developed in different cities in the interior of the state of São Paulo. The intent is to map the main actors and investigate how the participation civil society in these programs contributes to democracy. The analysis focus on the partnership process that has been established between State and civil society and emphasize that this is a plural and heterogeneous field where all the different actors invo lved in the democratic context must be considered. The analisys also shows the institutional and historical contexts in which the social policies are formulated. We c conclude that the movement that resulted in the ECA, despite the effort to make visible the problems and rights of children and adolescentes, has not been able to break up with social authoritarism Political and cultural factors make difficult the generalization of the citizenship, as well as the extension of the social and political rights legaly assured.
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência Política
Bobadilla, T. M. Loreto. "La mediación familiar. Una vía extrajudicial de gestión de conflictos en el ejercicio de los derechos de la infancia y la adolescencia. Un estudio comparado entre Chile y Cataluña." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/463072.
Full textThe basic aim of this study is to show that family mediation appears to be an extrajudicial solution to resolve conflicts. Through this mediation there is an opportunity for the family to sort things out without the intervention of the courts. Mediation is mostly used by couples who are experiencing difficulties agreeing on all the issues associated with separation or divorce. However, there are other agents involved in the disputes that must not to be ignored. These are the minors who should be given the opportunity to express their opinion as a faithful expression of the human rights of every family member. Therefore it is important the presence of the children at the mediation process and the need for them to be considered part of the collaborative management in resolving disputes. The exercise of the rights of the children and teens is determined by the legislative recognition of the principle of the best interest of the child. Hence the reason an entire chapter of our work was devoted to it. It shows how the principle of the best interests of the child starts, evolves and is consolidated in the Chilean and Catalan Legal System. Indeed, once as an abstract clause, it seems there has been a progressive move towards a higher level of positive precision bringing it closer to the Anglo-Saxon model. At the same time, the principle of the best interest of the child must be complemented with his or her right to be heard on all related issues. This links directly to the idea of the autonomous action of the rights of minors. Therefore, Chapter III is focused on the comparative analysis - Chile and Catalonia- on that principle applied to family mediation. Despite a national and regional law that regulates mediation, boys, girls and teens, actually lack an ideal situation which allows them to be an active participant, to give their opinion, keeping in mind the consequences that their participation might have on the family unit and on society in general. The aim of this work is to go beyond the adult oriented approach of the rights of the minors and have a real and effective recognition of boys, girls and teens as citizens in today’s society having them play a leading role as well as one in day-to-day relationships.
L'objectiu fonamental d'aquest estudi se centra en mostrar que, enfront dels conflictes familiars, la mediació familiar es presenta com una via extrajudicial de resolució de conflictes. Per mitjà d'ella, s'ofereix al grup familiar l'oportunitat de reorganitzar-se, sense la intervenció dels tribunals. Si bé els cridats al procés de mediació són les parelles que afronten una situació de crisi o de ruptura matrimonial, no hem d'oblidar altres agents del conflicte familiar, les persones menors d'edat, que haurien de tenir la possibilitat de donar la seva opinió com a fidel expressió de l'exercici dels drets humans de tots i cadascun dels membres integrants de la família. D'aquí la importància de la presència dels nens i nenes en aquesta instància extrajudicial, i la necessitat de ser considerats com a parts en la gestió col·laborativa dels conflictes que els concerneixen. Aquest exercici dels drets per part de la infància i de l'adolescència es veu concretat a través del reconeixement legislatiu del principi de l'interès superior del nen, com a principi rector. Per això es dedica a aquest principi un capítol complet del nostre treball. En aquest capítol s'assenyala la manera com el principi de l'interès superior del nen irromp, evoluciona i es consolida en els ordenaments jurídics xilè i català: després d'una configuració inicial a l'estil de clàusula abstracta, posteriorment sembla haver-se anat decantant de forma gradual cap a un major nivell de concreció positiva, acostant-se d'aquesta manera als models de tall anglosaxó. Al seu torn, el principi de l'interès superior del nen ha de ser complementat amb el dret del nen a ser sentit en totes aquelles qüestions que li concerneixen. Aquesta qüestió entronca directament amb la idea de l'exercici autònom dels drets per part de les persones menors d'edat. Així, el capítol III se centra en l'anàlisi comparativa –Xile, Catalunya– d'aquest principi aplicat a la mediació familiar. Àdhuc existint una normativa estatal i autonòmica que regula la mediació, els nens, nenes i adolescents, en la pràctica, manquen d'un escenari idoni que els permeti l'exercici efectiu de la seva participació, la qual cosa es tradueix en el dret a donar la seva opinió. Cal, a més, considerar les conseqüències que aquesta participació pot tenir per al nucli familiar i per a la societat en general. L'objectiu fonamental d'aquest treball és superar l'enfocament adultocentrista dels drets de la infantesa i passar a un reconeixement real i efectiu del nen, la nena i l’adolescent com a ciutadà del present, de manera que assumeixi un rol protagonista tant a nivell social com en l'àmbit de les relacions quotidianes que l’envolten.
Buzzetti, Bravo Marcela. "Adolescentes vulnerados en sus derechos que han infringido la ley ¿Son relevantes para el Estado? — Análisis de la política a favor de la infancia y adolescencia del Estado a través de una retrospectiva social de casos de usuarios." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105748.
Full textHerrera, Atton Daniel. "Identidad laboral y componentes identitarios de los profesionales de oficinas de protección de derechos de infancia y adolescencia del Servicio Nacional de Menores : una aproximación a la Identidad laboral desde las representaciones sociales y las relaciones laborales en la Institución." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/149880.
Full textLas problemáticas visualizadas a nivel nacional en el último año respecto al Servicio Nacional de Menores y el funcionamiento de programas de residencias y de intervención no es sólo una problemática respecto a la ejecución de las políticas públicas de infancia y adolescencia, sino que reviste diversas aristas que se conjugan en el cuestionamiento hacia el Servicio Nacional de Menores, sus programas de intervención y su accionar en función de la mejora de las condiciones de vida de los niños, niñas y adolescentes vulnerados en sus derechos. A partir de los procesos de modernización del Estado de Chile del año 2000, y la puesta en marcha del Plan y Política Nacional de Infancia 2000 – 2010, se implementaron programas de promoción y protección de derechos de infancia y adolescencia en diversas comunas de nuestro país. En este sentido, las Oficinas de Protección de Derechos de la Infancia y Adolescencia (OPD) son organizaciones sin fines de lucro dependientes del convenio entre Servicio Nacional de Menores y las Municipalidades respectivas, reguladas bajo la Ley.20.032 del año 2005, que establece los lineamientos para la implementación del sistema de atención a la niñez y adolescencia a través de la red de colaboradores del SENAME bajo el régimen de subvención (Servicio Nacional de Menores [SENAME], 2015). Las Oficinas de Protección de Derechos de la Infancia y Adolescencia (OPD) centran su funcionamiento en torno a dos componentes esenciales: Protección de Derechos y Gestión Comunitaria, estableciendo dentro de las bases técnicas y de convenio las plazas de atención de usuarios para las áreas de protección y de gestión. En relación al componente proteccional, éste se enfoca en la atención de niños, niñas y adolescentes y sus familias en contexto de baja complejidad1 en la vulneración de Derechos; y por otra parte, el componente de Gestión Comunitaria, tiene por realizar acciones de prevención de vulneración de derechos y promoción a nivel comunitario; y como objetivo transversal de ambos componentes, implementar un Sistema Local de Protección de Derechos y de vinculación con otros organismos del territorio en función de la promoción de Derechos (SENAME, 2015). El modelo OPD difiere de otros programas de la red SENAME respecto a la modalidad de atención al operar desde una mirada de oferta de servicios y demanda de usuarios, mediante el ingreso de casos por demanda espontánea y OIRS SENAME, y por otra parte, en convenio con el Tribunal de Familia respectivo, tiene la obligación de la realización de informes situacionales y controles sociales en el caso de vulneración de derechos, cuya demanda es variable y su incumplimiento es sancionado por la entidad judicial y el Servicio Nacional de Menores. Dentro de estas funciones con otros organismos judiciales, las OPD están encargadas de investigar vulneración de derechos en casos de connotación pública, como femicidios, homicidios y parricidios en el territorio correspondiente, dentro de 5 días hábiles, emitiendo un informe a las autoridades locales y a Dirección Regional de SENAME (SENAME, 2015). Desde un punto de vista organizacional, las Oficinas de Protección de Derechos de Infancia y Adolescencia se caracterizan por ejecutar un modelo de gestión de administración centrada en el establecimiento de objetivos mediante una matriz de trabajo anual, la cual establece las acciones pertinentes y su nivel porcentual de cumplimiento requerido para todos los objetivos del programa mediante indicadores cuantitativos de resultado, de producto y de procesos. (SENAME, 2015). Otro aspecto clave del modelo OPD es la flexibilidad laboral respecto al vínculo contractual de los profesionales con el Servicio, que se caracteriza por tener profesionales a tiempo completo y media jornada, así también puesto que al ser un convenio municipal, los profesionales de la OPD son funcionarios municipales a honorarios, cuyo contrato es de prestación de servicios al municipio correspondiente, dependiendo de éste el cumplimiento de derechos laborales de los profesionales. En este sentido, el contrato a plazo fijo y el sistema de contrata a honorarios tienen consecuencias desde el punto de vista individual a través del síndrome de burnout, afectando vida laboral del funcionario, puesto que éste queda sujeto a las demandas del mercado (Barría, 2001).
Muñoz, Ismael. "Gasto público en educación, salud y nutrición de niños, niñas y adolescentes en el Perú (2000–2005)." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117124.
Full textLa evolución del gasto público en nutrición, salud y educación de niños, niñas y adolescentes en el período 2000–2005 no ha seguido una tendencia similar al crecimiento del PBI para el mismo período en el Perú. Estos importantes rubros de la política pública en infancia y adolescencia no han sido fuertemente atendidos con los mayores recursos recaudados por el Estado, en particular el de nutrición que tuvo cada vez menos recursos del gasto público en proporción al crecimiento que experimentó el PBI en dicho período de estudio. Con las cifras encontradas en el SIAF se ha construido la estructura del gasto público en los rubros antes señalados,según las funciones presupuestales de gasto, lo que ha establecido una base que permite proponer mejoras en la política pública de formación de capital humano desde la infancia.
Pérez, Orellana Catalina. "La situación de vulneración de niños, niñas y adolescentes abordada en la legislación chilena entre 1833 y 2018." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168104.
Full textMontes-Maldonado, Cecilia. "Mundo propio: el cuidado institucional de niños, niñas y adolescentes en Uruguay." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670686.
Full textLa presente tesis doctoral en modalidad compendio de artículos es parte del Programa Interuniversitario de Estudios de género: Culturas, Sociedades y Políticas. El problema de investigación se sitúa en los estudios sociales de la infancia y adolescencia, especifícamente, en el campo de la administración estatal a través de los sistemas de protección y socio-penal dirigidos a niños, niñas y adolescentes en Uruguay. El objetivo es brindar un análisis acerca de las prácticas sociales de cuidado y sentidos asociados al cuidado que se producen en las respuestas por medio de las medidas judiciales de protección por vulneración de derechos hacia niñas, niños y adolescentes y las medidas judiciales privativas de libertad hacia adolescentes en Uruguay. La investigación es de enfoque cualitativo e implica un estudio de caso único en dos instituciones estatales: Instituto de la Niñez y Adolescencia (INAU) e Instituto Nacional de Inclusión Social Adolescente (INISA). El estudio de caso es de enfoque etnográfico, descriptivo y en profundidad. El corpus de la tesis se encuentra compuesto por 34 entrevistas en profundidad a agentes institucionales que se desempeñan en los centros para niños, niñas y adolescentes; documentos, observaciones y registros en diario de campo. Los análisis del funcionamiento institucional y los resultados muestran el cáracter móvil del estado y la importancia de comprenderlo a partir de los y las agentes institucionales que lo producen en sus prácticas cotidianas. Las conclusiones incluyen las reflexiones sobre los desafíos de emprender investigaciones cualitativas en instituciones estatales que gestionan la vida de niños, niñas y adolescentes y cómo las diversas barreras de acceso moldean la producción de conocimiento. La noción de cuidado adquiere significados múltiples y heterogéneos que varían en función de las características individuales de los y las agentes institucionales y también de las condiciones institucionales. La ética de cuidado imperante en cada institución muestra la inestabilidad y nivel de conflicto de la categoría. Por último se muestra una reflexión sobre la importancia del uso de la noción de cuidados como una categoría de análisis, con potencialidad crítica y de gran utilidad para orientar de otra manera el actual funcionamiento de las medidas judiciales de protección para niños, niñas y adolescentes y de privación de libertad para adolescentes. A futuro el desafío es dotar de los recursos necesarios a los sistemas de ejecución de medidas en esta área. Implementar un proyecto de desinstitucionalización y promoción de vida en entornos familiares y erradicar la privación de libertad para adolescentes.
This doctoral thesis, in the form of a compendium of articles, is part of the Inter-University Gender Studies Programme: Cultures, Societies and Policies. The research problem is located in the children and adolescents social studies, specifically, in the field of state administration through the protection and socio-criminal systems directed towards children in Uruguay. The objective is to provide an analysis of the social practices of care and meanings associated with care that occur in the responses through the judicial protection measures for children and adolescents and deprivation of liberty for adolescents in Uruguay. A qualitative approach is adopted, and a unique case study is carried out in two state institutions: Instituto de la Niñez y Adolescencia (INAU) and Instituto Nacional de Inclusión Social Adolescente (INISA). The case study takes an ethnographic, descriptive and in-depth approach. The corpus of the thesis is integrated by 34 in-depth interviews with institutional agents, documents, observations and records in a field diary. Analyses of institutional functioning and results show the mobile character of the state and the importance of understanding it from the institutional agents that produce it in their daily practices. The conclusions highlight the challenges of undertaking qualitative research in state institutions that manage the lives of children and adolescents and how the various barriers to access shape the production of knowledge. The notion of care acquires multiple and heterogeneous meanings that vary depending on the individual characteristics of the institutional agents and also on the institutional conditions. The prevailing ethics of care in each institution show the instability and conflict within the category. Lastly, I reflected on the importance of the use of the notion of care as a category of analysis, with critical potential and of great use in guiding in another way the current operation of judicial protection measures for children and adolescents and deprivation of liberty for adolescents. The challenge for the future involves providing the necessary resources to the systems for executing measures in this area. Implement a deinstitutionalization and life promotion project in family settings and eradicate deprivation of liberty for adolescents.
Ballesteros, Urpí Anna. "Valoración de la calidad socioeducativa y clínica de los servicios de salud mental por parte de usuarios, sus familias y profesionales de la educación y la salud." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671950.
Full text1.3.1. Background. Evidence on the efficacy and quality of socio-educational interventions carried out in the field of mental health with children and adolescents in Catalonia and Spain is limited. Although there are numerous scales to assess and detect psychopathological problems, there are very few that consider aspects of special interest for educational and socio-educational action, such as social reintegration, school performance or emotional well-being. Similarly, there is a lack of tools that allow carrying out these evaluations from different perspectives, including users, their families, and both education and health professionals. Research to date on personal recovery in mental health has focused primarily on adults. It is necessary to update the knowledge of personal recovery to incorporate specific considerations for children and adolescents and to de- termine the role that education professionals, particularly social educators, play in this process. 1.3.2. Objectives. To obtain an instrument for evaluating socio-educational interventions in child and adolescent mental health cen- tres in Catalonia and Spain from the perspective of users, their parents or legal guardians, and education and health professionals. In addition, further the understanding of personal recovery in child and adolescent mental health settings through the assessment of outcomes in a psychiatric day hospital and a theoretical-conceptual framework of personal recovery for children and adolescents from a multidimensional approach. 1.3.3. Methods. This thesis is presented as a compendium of three original publications of primary and secondary research projects. An international multidisciplinary team of professionals specialized in different areas of socio-educational interventions or clinical practice in mental health participated in the three projects. The first study consisted of: 1) translating HoNOSCA into Spanish and Catalan, including the scale for professionals (HoNOSCA-Glossary), users, (HoNOSCA-Users), and parents or legal guardians (HoNOSCA-Parents), as well as the score sheet, and 2) determining the psychometric qualities of the translated versions. The translations were carried out through a back-translation procedure. Through the second study, variables of interest in mental health were assessed among children and adolescents in a psychiatric day hospital setting from the perspective of users, their parents or legal guardians, and education and health professionals using HoNOSCA. Outcome assessments were collected from the three perspectives. For these two studies, users 7 to 17 years of age with a diagnosis of mental health illness and admitted to a child and adolescent psychiatric day hospital were recruited. Parents or legal guardians had to be available to participate. The third study consisted on the development of a protocol for a systematic review with modified narrative syn- thesis, which was prepared following the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols” (PRISMA-P) checklist and the requirements of the Cochrane Collaboration. The protocol was registered in the Prospective International Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the number CRD42018064087. Inclusions criteria included qualitative or quantitative empirical studies with at least three participants providing: 1) a definition of personal recovery among people 18 years of age or younger with mental health conditions or symptoms; or 2) a theory, theoretical framework, conceptual framework, domains, or dimensions of personal recovery in this population. Systematic reviews with similar objectives were also included. Electronic searches of the main literature databases and grey literature, handsearching of journals and abstract books of conferences or congresses, citation tracking, searches on relevant websites, and expert consultation were also carried out. 1.3.4. Results. The results of this thesis project correspond to three scientific publications in international biomedical journals. The three versions of HoNOSCA (HoNOSCA-Glossary, HoNOSCA-Users, HoNOSCA-Parents and the score sheet) were translated into Spanish and Catalan. A total of 64 participants were included in the HoNOSCA validation study in Spanish, which had adequate psychometric properties. The three versions of HoNOSCA in Catalan had good acceptability. The new versions of HoNOSCA were successfully implemented in a child and adolescent psychiatric day hospital setting with a total of 88 participants. Overall, there were significant improvements in HoNOSCA scores at discharge compared to admission. Discrepancies were identified in the HoNOSCA evaluations between education and health professionals and users and parents or legal guardians upon admission. Professionals gave higher scores, which means that they perceived the health status of the users was worse. At discharge, scores were more homogeneous. Regarding the third study, 16 relevant references were identified. There were nine primary qualitative studies, five expert opinion papers and two scoping reviews of the literature. Terminology of the concept of personal recovery in mental health among children and adolescents included recovery (7, 44%), resilience (4, 25%), well-being (2, 13%), empowerment (1, 6%), positive mental health (1, 6 %) and good mental health results (1, 6%). Through the narrative synthesis that has been carried out to date, different components related to personal recovery in children and adolescents have been identified, including the importance of establishing interpersonal relationships, the ability to face adversities, having mental health symptoms under control, autonomy, the development of one’s identity, and the ability to participate in activities of daily living, among others. Work continues with experts to reach an agreement regarding a final theoretical framework. 1.3.5. Conclusions. Through this thesis work, an instrument, HoNOSCA, has been identified, translated and validated to assess the socio-educational and clinical quality of mental health services in Catalonia and Spain, in Spanish and Catalan. This instrument allows carrying out this assessment from the perspective of users, their parents or legal guardians, and education and health professionals. HoNOSCA allows the participation of education professionals in the process of evaluating mental health interventions and in research projects. Personal recovery in mental health in children and adolescents can be defined as a unique, dynamic and non-linear process that changes as the user experiences progress and setbacks, that involves gaining resilience to deal with setbacks and to take control of life, as well as feeling empowered to have goals and to plan for the future. Education professionals can contribute to personal recovery in mental health in children and adolescents by promoting, among other aspects, internal well-being, problem solving and user integration with the environment.
Villalba, Gil Fabián. "Estudio comparativo de la eficacia de dos programas dietéticos con apoyo psicológico y un programa dietético sin apoyo psicológico para el tratamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad en la infancia y la adolescencia : implicaciones de la ansiedad, la depresión y la satisfacción con la imagen corporal." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/366267.
Full textObesity is considered a chronic, complex and multifactorial illness which has become an important dietary and psychosocial problem. Its onset in infancy or adolescence is the result of an interaction between genetic and environmental factors, the greater of these being that of the environment. Obesity in childhood and adolescence requires an integral, multidisciplinary treatment including paediatricians, nutritionists and psychologists which can provide an appropriate diet, the implementation of a healthier lifestyle and control of the psychological state. Thus, the intention of the present study is to propose, evaluate and validate a structured intervention program with an integral focus, which wouldn’t lose sight of any of the aspects that are currently considered as fundamental by a majority of specialists. On the basis of this intention, the main objective of this research is to compare the efficacy of three programs with respect to body mass index (BMI) and psychological variables of anxiety, depression and dissatisfaction with body image, paying attention to the type of diet and the presence or not of psychological support provided by a psychologist. The total sample was composed of 104 subjects - 59 girls and 45 boys, aged between 7 and 16 years old, with a diagnosis of obesity or of being overweight according to their BMI. These were randomly distributed into 3 groups in accordance with the program to be applied - two multicomponent programs with psychological support but with different diets - one with limited fast-absorbing carbohydrates (GPH), the other with a calorie controlled diet (GPC). The third group had a single component program of just a restricted fast-absorbing carbohydrates diet (GD), and followed the protocol of the hospital’s paediatric service. The children and adolescents of groups GPH and GPC attended 12 weekly sessions of cognitive-behavioural psychological treatment with the objective of evaluating and modifying erroneous alimentary habits, promoting a healthy lifestyle, complying with the dietary recommendations and promoting an optimal emotional state for each age. The measurements used to evaluate the progress of all subjects were the anthropometric measurement of body state, the BMI; to check the evolution of psychological variables the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), the Depression and Self-Esteem Questionnaire (CDI) and the Scale of Evaluation of Body Image (EEIC) were used. These measurements were applied at five different times - pre-test, post-test and at 3, 6 and 9 months after implementing the treatment, to complete the year of the study’s duration. The results obtained show that there were significant differences with regard to a great reduction in BMI results for groups GPH and GPC with respect to group GD both during the treatment phase and in the follow-up at the end of the research. Furthermore it was found that groups GPH and GPC were more effective than group GD in improving their psychological variables, also in both phases. As for the effectiveness of the treatment according to the type of diet, no significant differences were found in the BMI values between the GPH and GPC groups, but there were significant differences with regard to the psychological variables, whereby group GPH obtained the best results over the course of the study. Therefore, according to the results obtained, we can conclude that the combination of a dietary program with a cognitive-behavioural one significantly improves results compared to a diet-only program - reducing the BMI and improving the emotional variables of depression and anxiety implicated in childhood and adolescent obesity.
Pugliesi, Marizilda Ferreira. "A construção da clínica nos encontros: dos sabores aos saberes." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/15850.
Full textThis work argues the attendance of the Infantile Psychosis in a Health Public Institution, which constitutes a model of global attendance of children and teenagers, with their relatives, summarized in principles of interdisciplinary and the joint with other services of the community. It is placed in a proposal of an extented clinic, implied with the affirmation of the life in its creative power. I intend to study the game of the relations established between mothers and children who present with a pathological defensive organization, which consists in the infantile psychosis. Meanwhile, it is in the space of the kitchen where they meet each other that, leaving of lived situations, and where they choose recipes and all the unfolding elapses from them. It is in a kitchen where the flavors are, where it constitutes the knowledge. We live intense and tense moments through tears, slaps, beans or lemon cake. An established programming does not exist previously. To each meeting it creates an event and a power to affect and to be affected. To capture the signals that emerge without explaining them or interpret them, but mapping its displacements, in a game of passages and becomes, makes possible that something of new occurs, searching exits for a possible existence
Este trabalho discute o atendimento da Psicose Infantil numa Instituição Pública de Saúde, que constitui um modelo de atendimento global à criança e ao adolescente, junto com seus familiares, pautado por princípios de interdisciplinaridade e da articulação com outros serviços da comunidade. Situa-se numa proposta de uma clínica mais ampla, implicada com a afirmação da vida em sua potência criativa. Pretendo estudar o jogo das relações estabelecidas entre mães e crianças que se apresentam com uma organização defensiva patológica, o que se constitui na psicose infantil. E é no espaço da cozinha onde se dão os encontros que, partindo de situações vivenciadas, se escolhem as receitas culinárias e todo o desdobramento que decorre daí. É numa cozinha onde os sabores estão presentes, que se constituem saberes. Vivemos momentos intensos e tensos através de choros, tapas, feijão de corda ou bolo de limão. Não existe uma programação previamente estabelecida. A cada encontro cria-se um acontecimento e um poder de afetar e ser afetado. Capturar os sinais que emergem sem explicá-los ou interpreta-los, mas cartografando seus deslocamentos, num jogo de trajetos e devires, possibilita que algo de novo ocorra, buscando saídas para uma existência possível
Ortega, Ortigoza Daniel. "Violencia intrafamiliar e interés superior en justicia juvenil. Su consideración desde el ámbito social, educativo y jurídico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402108.
Full textThe use of violence in family relationships was accepted in the Spanish State until relatively few years ago, recognizing and justifying corporal punishment in order to correct children's behavior. The aforementioned use of violence was questioned to such an extent that current legislation prohibits any type of violence against children, being this "model" sanctioned by the adult criminal jurisdiction itself. In the current legal-social debate, the emergence of publications related to domestic violence has been almost accompanied by legislative changes to eradicate the phenomenon of domestic violence. In this sense, up from 2005, the first voices of alarm began to emerge as a result of the increased reports of parents against their own children for home assaults. The apparent change of direction around violence seemed to generate some confusion to the large group of professionals from multiple disciplines dedicated to the study of violence in childhood and adolescence. Mentioned change in the direction of violence is due to violence applied by children towards their parents, grandparents, guardians, and the rest of the extended family, that is to say, parental violence. Likewise, the criminal-legal response can only be addressed when public authorities are aware of the aforementioned child-parent abuse. The difficulty of approaching the phenomenon lies in the convergence of several components which hinder their knowledge and their subsequent socio-educational intervention. Among many other factors, we could highlight the derision and feeling of parental failure or even the dichotomy between the denouncing figure versus the parental figure. The difficulty also lies in the socio-educational intervention around the correlation between the minor's age and the sanctioning measures stipulated in the juvenile criminal jurisdiction in Thus, the current thesis project aims to contribute to the updating of the study youth violence toward their parents with special emphasis on the socio-educational reading of the legal treatment of the phenomenon. For this, our study presents a multi-method methodology that combines the quantitative perspective with the qualitative one. From a quantitative perspective, it is assessed the evolution of the phenomenon, its different variables as well as the responses provided by the administration during the period between 2007 and 2015. On the other hand, the qualitative perspective will have the perceptions and opinions of professionals who, from a psychosocial and educational side, intervene with juvenile offenders and their families immersed in problems such as those described here. The purpose of the study will therefore be the exhaustive analysis of the relationship between parental violence and the best interest of the minor regarding measures granted by the State to alleviate and / or reduce such phenomenon, carried out from a social, educational and legal aspect.
Montserrat, Boada Carme. "Benestar i acolliment d'infants en família extensa: percepcions, avaluacions i aspiracions dels principals agents implicats." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8001.
Full textLa importancia que los acogimientos en familia extensa han adquirido en la última década dentro de los sistemas de protección infantil en la mayor parte de los países occidentales, contrasta tanto con la escasa y reciente investigación científica como con los pocos recursos destinados a los niños/as y adolescentes que son acogidos. El objetivo general de la tesis ha sido el de profundizar en el conocimiento y comprensión de este fenómeno dentro del sistema de protección infantil en Catalunya. La presente investigación se ha realizado recogiendo los puntos de vista de los tres grandes conjuntos de agentes sociales implicados: los acogedores, los niños/as y adolescentes acogidos y los profesionales de los EAIAs (Equipos de Atención a la Infancia y Adolescencia) que los atienden; explorando sus percepciones, evaluaciones, expectativas y satisfacciones referidas al acogimiento. Asimismo, el estudio se ha llevado a cabo con una metodología de diseño mixto, recogiendo datos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Los resultados mostrados nos sugieren un conjunto de implicaciones para la práctica y nos abren nuevos retos de investigación científica, con el fin de promover, en definitiva, la calidad de vida de los chicos y chicas y de sus acogedores.
The importance of the increasing use of kinship care in the last decade within the child protection systems in most of the western countries, contrasts so much with the scarce and recent scientific research as well as with the few resources dedicated to the children and adolescents who are in extended family placements. The general objective of the thesis has been to deepen in the knowledge and understanding of this phenomenon within the Catalan child protection system. The present research has been carried out gathering the points of view of the three main stakeholders: the kinship carers, the children who are placed in extended family and the practitioners of the EAIAs (Children and Adolescence Care Teams) in charge of them. It explores their perceptions, evaluations, expectations and satisfactions referred to kinship care. Also, the study has been undertaken with a methodology of mixed design, gathering quantitative and qualitative data. The findings suggest a number of implications for the practice and they open new challenges for scientific research, with the final purpose of promoting the quality of life of children and their kinship carers.
Prado, Renata Lopes Costa. "O tema trabalho infanto-juvenil em artigos acadêmicos de psicólogos (as): uma interpretação ideológica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17359.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This study is part of one of the research lines of the NEGRI (Nucleus of Studies on Gender, Race and Age), whose general aim is to contribute to the comprehension of the social construction of the childhood in Brazil. The specific objective is to offer an interpretation of the treatment given to the theme child and adolescent labor on the Brazilian academic production of Psychology. We have analysed 24 articles about child and adolescent labor elaborated by psychologists and published between 1985 and 2007 in Brazilian academic publications. For such, we have counted on the contribution of the new studies about childhood (JAMES and PROUT, 1997; JENKS, 2002; MONTANDON, 2001; SIROTA, 2001; ROSEMBERG, 1979), the studies regarding the construction of social problems (OSZLAK and O DONNELL, 1976; GUSFIELD, 1989; HILGARTNER and BOSK, 1988; BEST, 2001, 2007; LAHIRE, 2005) and, as central theoretic referential, the John B. Thompson s (2002) production about ideology. At the methodological level, we sought to link the hermeneutics of depth s as proposed by John B. Thompson (2002) to the content analysis techniques (BARDIN, 1977; ROSEMBERG, 1981). We observed the use of dramatic rhetoric on the Brazilian academic production of Psychology Rhetoric that stigmatizes working children, adolescents and poor families. Thus, this production can be (re) interpreted as ideological, in the sense that it supports the relation of domination between ages and social classes
Esta dissertação compõe uma das linhas de pesquisa do Núcleo de Estudos sobre Gênero, Raça e Idade (NEGRI), cujo objetivo geral é contribuir para a apreensão da construção social da infância no Brasil. O objetivo específico foi oferecer uma interpretação do tratamento dado ao tema trabalho infanto-juvenil (TIJ) na produção acadêmica brasileira da Psicologia. Foram analisados 24 artigos sobre TIJ elaborados por psicólogos e publicados entre 1985 e 2007 em revistas acadêmicas brasileiras. Contou-se, para tanto, com aportes dos novos estudos sobre a infância (JAMES e PROUT, 1997; JENKS, 2002; MONTANDON, 2001; SIROTA, 2001; ROSEMBERG, 1979), dos estudos sobre construção de problemas sociais (OSZLAK e O DONNELL, 1976; GUSFIELD, 1989; HILGARTNER e BOSK, 1988; BEST, 2001, 2007; LAHIRE, 2005) e, como referencial teórico central, da produção de John B. Thompson (2002) sobre ideologia. No plano metodológico, buscou-se articular o método da hermenêutica de profundidade (HP), tal como proposto por John B. Thompson (2002), às técnicas da análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 1977; ROSEMBERG, 1981). Apreendeu-se o uso de retórica dramática na construção argumentativa da produção acadêmica brasileira da Psicologia. Tal retórica estigmatiza crianças, adolescentes trabalhadores e família pobres. Assim, esta produção pode ser (re)interpretada como ideológica, na medida em que sustenta relações de dominação entre idades e entre classes sociais
Fernandes, Rodrigo Fideles. "O CENTRO DE REFERÊNCIA À CRIANÇA E AO ADOLESCENTE ASSOCIAÇÃO CRESCER: CONTEXTO, ATENDIMENTO E AÇÕES." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2012. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1049.
Full textLa cuestión central de esta tesis es la obra del centro de referencia para el niño y el adolescente Asociación crecer (CRCA-AC) que se desarrolla en la asistencia a niños y adolescentes. Esta investigación es el resultado de la experiencia con niños y adolescentes residentes en la oriental región metropolitana de Goiânia-Goiás, que puede proporcionar importantes contribuciones a esta comunidad. Mediante la eliminación de contradicciones y oposiciones a lo largo de la historia, teniendo como leitmotiv la asistencia y la educación en su contrapunto con impacto real en la reducción de imperfecciones y en el desarrollo social, los objetivos del estudio son reconstruir la historia de la CRCA de CA y el anuncio de la congregación San Pedro Víncula ' para identificar la relación con la concepción de infancia expresada por la instituciónidentificar las concepciones de infancia principal de las acciones de la institución en la región oriental de Goiânia; Mapa de las actividades del niño desarrolladas por CRCA-CA; comprender las formas en que la institución desarrolla sus acciones y analizar cómo se organizan las actividades de la CRCA-AC durante los años de existencia de la institución. Nuestra teórica: Aillaud (1996), Almeida (2009), Almeida (2010), Aranha (2006), Arendt (1992), Ariès (1978), Bacellar (2006), Burke (1992), Fissiaux (1845, 1854), Fitossi; Rosanvallon (1997), Goís Júnior (2000), Kulhmann Júnior (2002), Luzuriaga (1990), Mameluque (2006), Manacorda (2001), Meihy (2002), Pilotto; Rizzini (1995), Rizzini (1997), Szymanski (2002) y Weil (2001). Intentó construir la historia de la institución por medio de pensamiento: observación, información histórica, formal y conceptuales instrumentos operativos, como el contexto geográfico donde se inserta la institución, vinculando dialécticamente todos estos elementos de la búsqueda. Uno puede probar: un universo contradictorio de cuestiones teóricas y políticas, las prácticas cotidianas en la relación entre la materialidad y religiosidad; Es necesario comprender el carácter de la asistencia social contra las nuevas formas que asume las relaciones sociales de producción en un contexto de desarrollo capitalista. Esta configuración social que combina dimensiones estructurales a corto plazo y, en última instancia, es en política, vinculada a la supuesta aparición de carácter educativo, que dirigió el turno de atención a la asistencia de discurso educativo. La gran contribución de esta investigación es el estudio sistemático y reflexión teórica sobre la labor de asistencia allí desarrollada, cuyos puntos de papel educativo para un proyecto específico de la sociedad, en particular en el campo de la religión.
A questão central dessa dissertação é o trabalho do Centro de Referência à Criança e ao Adolescente Associação Crescer (CRCA-AC) que se desenvolve na assistência à crianças e adolescentes. Essa pesquisa é fruto da vivência com as crianças e adolescentes moradores da região leste metropolitana de Goiânia Goiás, que pode oferecer contribuições importantes a essa comunidade. Através do levantamento das contradições e oposições ao longo da história, tendo como fio condutor a assistência e a educação no seu contraponto com o real impacto na redução das mazelas e no desenvolvimento social, os objetivos do estudo são reconstruir a história do CRCA-AC e da Congregação São Pedro ad Víncula para identificar a relação com a concepção de infância expressa pela instituição, identificar as concepções de infância norteadoras das ações da instituição na região leste de Goiânia; mapear as atividades à infância desenvolvidas pelo CRCA-AC; compreender as formas como a instituição desenvolve suas ações e analisar como as atividades do CRCA-AC se organizam ao longo dos anos de existência da instituição. Nosso referencial teórico: Aillaud (1996), Almeida (2009), Almeida (2010), Aranha (2006), Arendt (1992), Ariès (1978), Bacellar (2006), Burke (1992), Fissiaux (1845, 1854), Fitossi; Rosanvallon (1997), Goís Júnior (2000), Kulhmann Júnior (2002), Luzuriaga (1990), Mameluque (2006), Manacorda (2001), Meihy (2002), Pilotto; Rizzini (1995), Rizzini (1997), Szymanski (2002) e Weil (2001). Buscou-se construir o histórico da instituição por meio de: observação, pensamento formal, informações históricas e instrumentos operativos conceituais, como o contexto geográfico onde a instituição está inserida, relacionando dialeticamente todos esses elementos da pesquisa. Pode-se revelar: um universo contraditório de questões teóricas, políticas e práticas cotidianas na relação entre a materialidade concreta e a religiosidade; foi necessário compreender o caráter da assistência social frente às novas formas assumidas pelas relações sociais de produção em um contexto de desenvolvimento capitalista. Essa configuração social que mescla dimensões conjunturais e estruturais, em última instância, está no suposto político, vinculado à aparência decorrente da natureza educacional, que orientou o deslocamento da atenção assistencial para o discurso educacional. A grande contribuição dessa pesquisa decorre de estudo sistemático e reflexão teórica sobre o trabalho de assistência ali desenvolvido, cujo papel educacional aponta para um projeto específico de sociedade, em especial no campo da religião.
"Projeto Sol Morumbi - Paulinia : as lembranças da infancia e adolescencia pelos caminhos da Educação Fisica." Tese, Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp, 2006. http://libdigi.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000389775.
Full text"A participação da sociedade civil nos programas sociais na area da infancia e da adolescencia : um estudo sobre as politicas publicas no interior do Estado de São Paulo." Tese, Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp, 2003. http://libdigi.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000287801.
Full textVargas, Alanna Arianna, and Florencia Magalí Cabrera. "Coloreando la Autoestima : Niñas y Jóvenes en residencias estatales." Bachelor's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/18818.
Full textColoreando la autoestima: Niñas jóvenes en residencias estatales, es el producto escrito de las prácticas de intervención pre-profesional que se desarrollan en el 5º año de la Licenciatura en Trabajo Social. La tesina se basa en la práctica desarrollada en la Secretaría de Niñez, Adolescencia y Familia (SENAF) de la provincia de Córdoba; en el área de Medidas Excepcionales específicamente en la Residencia Gabriela Mistral, que alberga a niñas y jóvenes de 7 a 19 años de edad, sin cuidados parentales. En esta tesina se describen y analizan los procesos sociales, políticos y normativos que fueron estructurando la cuestión de la niñez en la Argentina, se desarrolla una caracterización del escenario institucional, sus actores y la vida cotidiana en la residencia. Se presenta la estrategia de intervención con sus objetivos y desarrollo, y por último se encuentran las reflexiones éticas que se suscitaron en el proceso de intervención.
Fil: Vargas, Alanna Arianna. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Licenciatura en Trabajo Social; Argentina.
Fil: Cabrera, Florencia Magalí. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Licenciatura en Trabajo Social; Argentina.