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1
Haas, Mirjam, and Leonie Kirchhoff. "Genre Maketh Dog?" Volume 60 · 2019 60, no. 1 (2019): 277–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/ljb.60.1.277.
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In The New Biography, Virginia Woolf notes that there is a paradox inherent to the genre of biography, i. e. that of »truth« and »personality«. »[P]ersonality«, she argues further, can only be truly conveyed through aesthetic selection and manipulation of the facts of a life, through fiction. Animal biography challenges both of these categories: what is a true dog character and how close can an author come to a life-like depiction of it? Virginia Woolf’s Flush: A Biography (1933) as well as the earliest English example of animal biography, Francis Coventry’s The History of Pompey the Little or The Life and Adventures of a Lap Dog (1751), are, in their own way, concerned with this issue. Influenced by their generic predecessors, the texts explore the narratological possibilities which an animal biography can offer, from satirical purposes to aesthetic objectives, from mere functionalisation to sentient animals. Woolf is essentially affected by contemporary discussions of biography and the challenges imposed by creating a dog »personality«. This is fundamental for the depiction of Flush as having an individual (anthropomorphised) character, rather than being depicted as a mere, and changeable type. Pompey the Little, in contrast, serves as a mostly silent and apparently objective observer of society, who, by watching and imitating his masters’ manners, offers eighteenth-century society a ruthlessly unembellished look into the mirror. Consequently, his animal character is, for satirical purposes, reduced to a mere type rather than a complex, not to mention »truth[ful]«, depiction of a nonhuman character. In this paper, we argue that genre expectations interact with two further aspects, i.e. literary history and historical as well as philosophical developments, and all three decisively influence how the two texts understand and relate human as well as non-human experience.
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Kozmanová, Irena. "KEIZER WILHELM II ALS HONDENBEZITTER." De Moderne Tijd 2, no. 3 (2018): 312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/dmt2018.3-4.007.kozm.
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EMPEROR WILHELM II AS DOG OWNER Instrumentalisation of the monarchy in dog breeding debates Nineteenth century European rulers could not consider hunting or dog ownership a private choice. Regarding the role dog breeding had started to play in society, every decision made by the vips of that time was perceived as a political indication; the contemporary public discussed the choices and commented on them. Various groups and individuals even used them as argument to support their own claims. The article shows on two cases – firstly, the exploitation of Wilhelm II to the advantage of the dachshund lobby and secondly, a conflict between a hunting dog club and the ministry of agriculture – that the Emperor, long before 1918, was losing credit among influential parts of the society, based on new views on nature and animal treatment. Wilhelm’s hunting behaviour was perceived as obsolete and neither the use of the imperial authority as argument aimed at substantiating one’s claims could persuade the state bureaucracy that already oriented itself on scientific and transparent dog breeding policy.
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Baber, Zaheer. "A Name for a Stray Dog — Global Civil Society." International Sociology 23, no. 2 (2008): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580907086379.
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BAJWA, MUHAMMAD ASLAM, SHAHEENA MANZOOR, and Aftab Ahmed. "DOG BITES;." Professional Medical Journal 19, no. 05 (2012): 700–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.05.2326.
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Every day, 25–30 new cases of dog bites are treated at the civil hospital in Karachi. In absence of accurate number of rabiesdeaths, Infectious Disease Society of Pakistan suggests there are around 2000–5000 rabies deaths per year2. The estimated prevalence ofdog bites in Punjab is 0.03%, but no such estimate is available for Lahore3. Objective & Method: A community-based survey was carried out toassess the burden, determinants and public services available for dog bites in Lahore district, Pakistan. Results & Discussion: Theprevalence of dog bites in the study population was 21.3%. The most common site of bites was the legs (68.4%), followed by the abdomen ortrunk (12.1%), and hands or arms (5.6%). Among respondents to an exit interview administered to clients seeking care from an antirabiescentre, the most frequent age group of victims of dog bites was 16–60 years (53.4%). The majority of respondents had been bitten by stray dogs(63), while 47 respondents were bitten by their own or others’ pet dogs. Six respondents reported bites from rabid dogs. One hundred andseven (107) respondents said they had received vaccination at dog-bite centres; 89% of respondents confirmed the availability of vaccine,while 74.1% respondents said that they did not pay fees for services. Conclusions: The life-time prevalence of dog bites among respondentswas 21.3%. The most frequent age group of victims of dog bites was 16–60 years. Both stray and pet dogs had bitten the victims.
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Koski, Leena, and Pia Bäcklund. "On the Fringe: The Positions of Dogs in Finnish Dog Training Culture." Society & Animals 23, no. 1 (2015): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341342.
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Companion dogs are increasingly trained for sports using varying pedagogical ideas considering the human-dog interaction. We focused on the human-dog interaction by examining the characteristics constructed for dogs within the training methods, and on the definitions of ideal dogs as described by the caregivers. The data consisted of 85 thematic essays written by Finnish dog caregivers actively engaging in dog sports. Dog training was analyzed as a junction for the humanizing, animalizing, and instrumentalizing of dogs. Dog-centered and human-centered training categories were found. The first category depicts the dog and the human as equal partners enjoying the cooperation, and the second category constructs a hierarchical relationship between the human and the dog. While the dog-centered approach is prone to humanizing, the human-centered approach is inclined toward instrumentalization. The training approaches are interpreted as drawing boundaries: dogs are part of human society or of nature
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Bettache, Karim, Chi-yue Chiu, and Peter Beattie. "The merciless mind in a dog-eat-dog society: neoliberalism and the indifference to social inequality." Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 34 (August 2020): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.06.002.
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Li, Peter J., Jiang Sun, and Dezhi Yu. "Dog “Meat” Consumption in China." Society & Animals 25, no. 6 (2017): 513–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341471.
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AbstractThe consumption of dog “meat” is dividing the Chinese society into two camps. Is dog eating part of the mainstream food culture or is it a declining practice? With the help of a survey of 1,265 respondents in Yanji and Dalian, the study confirms different rates of acceptance regarding dog eating among the respondents by age, ethnicity, education, rural-urban residence status, and profession. Contrary to the belief that urbanization weakens traditional behaviors, our study found that Yanji, with its high urbanization rate, considers dog “meat” consumption to be acceptable. The local subculture appeared to be a strong intervening factor. Unlike Korean vegetable side dishes, dog “meat” is not a mainstream food choice in Yanji. The eating habit may continue for a long time if it is not banned. However, the decline of the eating habit seems irreversible.
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Podberscek, Anthony L. "Dog on a Tightrope: The Position of the Dog in British Society as Influenced by Press Reports on Dog Attacks (1988 to 1992)." Anthrozoös 7, no. 4 (1994): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/089279394787001772.
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Tanner-Kennedy, Dana. "Opera for the Domestic Apocalypse." PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art 38, no. 2 (2016): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pajj_a_00318.
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“America's house of cards is crumbling,” sings one of the inhabitants of the homestead at the center of Dog Days, a new chamber opera featured at the 2016 Prototype Festival. “Well, you can only be on top for so long, I guess,” he shrugs. Set in the middle of a total war of unknown origins, Dog Days places a small cross-section of society under the microscope, and we watch as it dissolves before our eyes. A seemingly typical nuclear family, complete with mother, father, daughter, two sons, and a dog makes up the heart of the work. It is the kind of traditional middle-class family unit exemplary of what politicians refer to as the “real America,” save for the fact that the pet dog is actually a homeless man in a dog costume.
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Seitz, Berthold. "111th DOG (German ophthalmological society) congress Berlin 19-22 september 2013." Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 252, no. 1 (2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-013-2538-6.
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Lambrecht, Knud. "There Was a Farmer Had a Dog: Syntactic Amalgams Revisited." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 14 (October 25, 1988): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v14i0.1796.
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Greenebaum, Jessica. "It's a Dog's Life: Elevating Status from Pet to "Fur Baby" at Yappy Hour." Society & Animals 12, no. 2 (2004): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568530041446544.
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AbstractNonhuman animals always have played a significant role in people's lives. Lately, the technological and market economy has anthropomorphized dogs to human-like behavior, particularly to status of family member or child. This qualitative study expands upon the current studies on consumption and animals and society by exploring how human-canine relationships are anthropomorphized at the family excursion to "Yappy Hour" at Fido's Barkery. The type of person who attends Yappy Hour on a weekly basis has a unique and special type of connection with their dog that goes beyond most people's relationships with dogs. Most of the dog lovers interviewed do not perceive their dogs as dogs; they are family members, best friends, and "fur babies." These dog lovers also do not perceive themselves as dog owners; they see themselves as mothers and fathers. The social and market environment of Fido's Barkery not only reinforces their relationship with their dog, it shapes community, friendships, and personal identity.
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Dugnoille, Julien. "‘I heard a dog cry’: More-than-human interrelatedness, ethnicity and zootherapy in South Korean civil society discourse about dog meat consumption." Ethnography 20, no. 1 (2017): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138117735540.
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Korean diet is heavily based on meat. This is connected to a discursive tradition that associates the consumption of specific animal products with medicinal virtues. When justifying the use of nonhuman animals as curative commodities, Koreans often engage with ideologies about zootherapy, pure blood and ethnicity beyond the human world. Furthermore, alongside civil and state society discourse about South Korea’s ‘uniqueness’ as a nation (cf. concepts of jeong, uri, han, gi and Minjok literature), my participants also mobilized folk beliefs about care and necessary harm in the handling, treatment and processing of nonhuman animal bodies. Bringing together classic anthropological debates about primordial and instrumental ethnicity with a human geographical analysis of the shaping of East Asian post-industrial more-than-human landscapes, this paper examines civil society discourses about more-than-human interrelatedness, cultural uniqueness and bloodlines connected to dog meat consumption in South Korea.
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Yaacoub, Alan, and Randall Loder. "Injuries to Cyclists due to a Dog–Bicycle Interaction." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 31, no. 03 (2018): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1631879.
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Background Both dogs and bicycles are common in our society and thus a dog–bicycle interaction resulting in an injury to a cyclist is possible. It was the purpose of this study to investigate such injuries. Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) data for the 10-year period from 2006 through 2015 associated with bicycles were accessed. Injuries involving dogs were identified and the mechanism of injury determined. Due to the stratified and weighted nature of the NEISS data, statistical analyses were performed with SUDAAN 10 software (RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States). A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There were 5,184,057 emergency department visits for bicycle-associated injuries; dogs were involved in 35,254 (0.67%) cases. The average age for those involved with a dog was 33.2 years and it was 25.5 years for those in which dogs were not involved. There were more females in the dog group (34.1 vs. 27.6%). Dog involvement increased from ages 0 to 14 years, then decreased until the age of 20 years and then progressively increased. Dog-associated injuries most frequently occurred away from home, involved the knee and distal lower extremity, 49.1% sustaining dog bites. Dog bites were more common in younger individuals. Four injury mechanisms (chased by a dog, hit/collided with a dog, swerved/tried to avoid a dog or riding with a dog) accounted for 97.5% of the injuries. Those chased by a dog were younger, more commonly released from the emergency department, had an injury involving the lower extremity and frequently sustained a bite. The most severe injuries were in those who swerved/tried to avoid a dog or hit a dog. Conclusions Approximately 1% of injuries to bicyclists are associated with dogs; one-half sustained a bite. Potential/proposed prevention strategies could be educational materials regarding bicycles and dogs to owners, dog restraint, student/parent education and educational materials in waiting rooms of veterinarians, paediatricians, family practice physicians and emergency rooms.
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Shih, Hao Yu, Mandy B. A. Paterson, and Clive J. C. Phillips. "Socioeconomic Influences on Reports of Canine Welfare Concerns to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) in Queensland, Australia." Animals 9, no. 10 (2019): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100711.
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Human–dog relationships are an important contributor to the welfare of dogs, but little is known about the importance of socioeconomic status of the dogs’ owners. We conducted a retrospective study of canine welfare complaints, using Australian government statistics on the socioeconomic status of the inhabitants at the location of the alleged welfare issue. The socioeconomic score of inhabitants at the relevant postcode was assumed to be that of the plaintiff. Our dataset included 107,597 complaints that had been received by RSPCA Queensland between July 2008 and June 2018, each with the following information: the number of dogs involved, dog(s) age, breed(s), suburb, postcode, date received, and complaint code(s) (describing the type of complaint). The median index score for relative social advantage of the locations where the alleged welfare concern occurred was less than the median score for the population of Queensland, suggesting that welfare concerns in dogs were more commonly reported in areas with inhabitants of low socioeconomic status. It was also less if the dog being reported was not of a recognised breed, compared to dogs of recognised breeds. Dogs reported to be in the gundog breed group were in the most socioeconomically advantaged postcodes, followed by toy, hound, non-sporting, working dog, terrier, and utility breed groups. Reports of alleged cruelty, insufficient food and/or water, a dog being not exercised or being confined/tethered, failure to provide shelter or treatment, overcrowding, a dog being in poor condition or living in poor conditions were most likely to be made in relation to dogs in low socioeconomic postcodes. Reports of dogs being left in a hot vehicle unattended were more likely to be made in relation to dogs in high socioeconomic postcodes. It is concluded that both canine welfare complaints and dogs in specific breed groups appear to be related to the owner’s socioeconomic status. This study may be used to improve public awareness and to tailor educational campaigns toward different populations.
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Marinov, Miroslav, Denitsa Teofanova, Dimitar Gadjev, Georgi Radoslavov, and Peter Hristov. "Mitochondrial diversity of Bulgarian native dogs suggests dual phylogenetic origin." PeerJ 6 (June 27, 2018): e5060. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5060.
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The dog has been the first domesticated animal to have a central role in human society from ancient times to present day. Although there have been numerous investigations of dog phylogeny and origin, genetic data of dogs in the region of the Balkan Peninsula (South-Eastern Europe) are still scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to perform phylogenetic analysis of three native Bulgarian dog breeds. A total of 130 samples were analyzed at HVR1 (hypervariable region, D-loop region). The samples were taken from two hunting dog breeds (Bulgarian Hound Dog: Barak,n = 34; Bulgarian Scenthound Dog: Gonche,n = 45) as well as from a Bulgarian Shepherd Dog (n = 51). The first two breeds are reared in a flat region of the country (the Northern part of Bulgaria, the Danubian Plain), while the last breed is a typical representative of the mountainous part of the country. The results have shown the presence of almost all main clades—A, B, C and D—in the three dog breeds taken together, except clades E and F, as expected. With regard to haplogroups distribution, there are clear differences among investigated breeds. While hunting breeds exhibit a prevalence of clade C, the mountainous Shepherd dog shows presence of the D2 haplogroup but absence of the C clade. In conclusion, the present study has been the first to investigate the mitochondrial DNA diversity of native dog breeds in Bulgaria. The results have revealed a clear difference of haplogroups dissemination in native hunting and shepherd dogs, which suggests a dual independent phylogenetic origin, without hybridization events between these dogs.
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Howard-Azzeh, Mohammad, David L. Pearl, Alexandra Swirski, et al. "The impact of state cannabis legislation, county-level socioeconomic and dog-level characteristics on reported cannabis poisonings of companion dogs in the USA (2009–2014)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0250323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250323.
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With current trends in cannabis legalization, large efforts are being made to understand the effects of less restricted legislation on human consumption, health, and abuse of these products. Little is known about the effects of cannabis legalization and increased cannabis use on vulnerable populations, such as dogs. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of different state-level cannabis legislation, county-level socioeconomic factors, and dog-level characteristics on dog cannabis poisoning reports to an animal poison control center (APCC). Data were obtained concerning reports of dog poisoning events, county characteristics, and state cannabis legislation from the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals’ (ASPCA) APCC, the US Census Bureau, and various public policy-oriented and government websites, respectively. A multilevel logistic regression model with random intercepts for county and state was fitted to investigate the associations between the odds of a call to the APCC being related to a dog being poisoned by a cannabis product and the following types of variables: dog characteristics, county-level socioeconomic characteristics, and the type of state-level cannabis legislation. There were significantly higher odds of a call being related to cannabis in states with lower penalties for cannabis use and possession. The odds of these calls were higher in counties with higher income variability, higher percentage of urban population, and among smaller, male, and intact dogs. These calls increased throughout the study period (2009–2014). Reporting of cannabis poisonings were more likely to come from veterinarians than dog owners. Reported dog poisonings due to cannabis appear to be influenced by dog-level and community-level factors. This study may increase awareness to the public, public health, and veterinary communities of the effects of recreational drug use on dog populations. This study highlights the need to educate dog owners about safeguarding cannabis products from vulnerable populations.
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Dewi, P. R. K., N. W. R. Priadarsini, and A. A. A. I. Prameswari. "Global Civil Society, Animal Welfare, and Cultural Value: Analysis of Dogs are not Food Movement in Bali." Udayana Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (UJoSSH) 3, no. 1 (2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujossh.2019.v03.i01.p05.
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 Bali got international attention after news and video released by Animals Australia that showedthe trade of dog meat in Bali and how these dogs were obtained by torture to be used as food. Animals Australia’s investigation made the global civil society movement especially engaged in animal welfare increasingly massive and intense. Not only at the international level, but the participation of civil society in Bali regarding this issue is also increasingly intense. So that there is a movement from the public emerged to realize that dogs are not to be consumed through the Dogs are Not Food tagline. The social movements of global civil society are carried out institutionally in the form of NGOs (nongovernmental organizations) and non-institutionalized in the form of communities and individuals. The issue of animal welfare which is seen as a new issue is used as a basis for movement. This at once questioned whether the consumption of dog meat was in accordance with the cultural values adopted by the Balinese people. So that through this study the authors examined who the actors involved in the Dogs Are Not Food movement in Bali from 2017-2018 and analyzed the strategies implemented. The method used in conducting this research is a qualitative descriptive research method with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and oral studies. The author used the new social movement theory, the concept of social movement strategy and the concept of cultural value. From the research obtained, the consumption of dog meat is also not in accordance with the customs and culture of Balinese people. The Dogs Are Not Food Movement in Bali involved global civil society who use each different framing and not all use a cultural approach in their movement strategy.
 
 
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Milroy, Kate Elizabeth, Martin Whiting, and Siobhan Abeyesinghe. "Reporting of suspected dog fighting to the police, Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and equivalents by veterinary professionals in the UK." Veterinary Record 183, no. 18 (2018): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104753.
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Dog fighting became unlawful in the UK in 1835, yet it continues today (as reported by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) and Crown Prosecution Service), although with an unknown prevalence. We used an online questionnaire to (1) determine the occurrence of dogs suspected of use in fighting in UK veterinary practices; (2) explore relative reporting of incidents to police, RSPCA or equivalent charity by registered veterinary nurses (RVN) and veterinarians; and (3) determine factors influencing reporting. Emails (n=2493) containing the questionnaire were sent to UK veterinary practices: 423 questionnaires (159 by RVNs, 264 by veterinarians) were completed. One or more cases of dog fighting were suspected by 14.4 per cent of respondents in 2015; 182 cases suspected in total. Proportionately more RVNs suspected dog fighting than veterinarians (P=0.0009). Thirty-two respondents (7.6 per cent, n=422) claimed to have reported suspicions to the police, the RSPCA or equivalent charity previously; 59 respondents (14.2 per cent) had previously chosen not to. Reasons not to report included: uncertainty of illegal activity (81.4 per cent), fear of the client not returning to the practice (35.6 per cent) and concerns regarding client confidentiality (22.0 per cent). Further work is required to address under-reporting of dog fighting by veterinary professionals.
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Zijlema, Wilma L., Hayley Christian, Margarita Triguero-Mas, et al. "Dog ownership, the natural outdoor environment and health: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (2019): e023000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023000.
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ObjectivesDog owners walking their dog in natural outdoor environments (NOE) may benefit from the physical activity facilitated by dog walking and from time spent in nature. However, it is unclear whether dog owners receive additional health benefits associated with having access to NOE above the physical activity benefit of walking with their dog. We investigated associations between dog ownership, walking, time spent in NOE and health and whether these associations differed among those with good and poor access to NOE and those living in green and less green areas.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe Positive Health Effects of the Natural Outdoor Environment in Typical Populations in Different Regions in Europe project.Participantsn=3586 adults from Barcelona (Spain), Doetinchem (the Netherlands), Kaunas (Lithuania) and Stoke-on-Trent (UK).Data collection and analysisWe calculated access to NOE with land maps and residential surrounding greenness with satellite data. Leisure time walking, time spent in NOE and general and mental health status were measured using validated questionnaires. Associations were estimated using multilevel analysis with a random intercept defined at the neighbourhood level.ResultsDog ownership was associated with higher rates of leisure time walking and time spending in NOE (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.86 to 2.54 and 2.37, 95% CI 2.02 to 2.79, respectively). These associations were stronger in those living within 300 m of a NOE and in greener areas. No consistent associations were found between dog ownership and perceived general or mental health status.ConclusionsCompared with non-dog owners, dog owners walked more and spent more time in NOE, especially those living within 300 m of a NOE and in greener areas. The health implications of these relationships should be further investigated. In a largely physically inactive society, dog walking in NOE may be a simple way of promoting physical activity and health.
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Horstman, Christopher L., Paul A. Eubig, Karen K. Cornell, Safdar A. Khan, and Barbara A. Selcer. "Gastric Outflow Obstruction After Ingestion of Wood Glue in a Dog." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 39, no. 1 (2003): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0390047.
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A 2-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog presented with a 12-day history of vomiting, depression, and weight loss after ingestion of industrial-strength wood glue containing diphenylmethane diisocyanate as its active ingredient. A diagnosis of gastric foreign body was made from survey abdominal radiographs. A large aggregate of solidified wood glue was surgically removed, and the dog recovered uneventfully. Fourteen other cases have been reported to the Animal Poison Control Center at the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). Eight of those 14 cases required surgical intervention. All cases recovered completely.
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Faragó, Tamás, Ádám Miklósi, Beáta Korcsok, Judit Száraz, and Márta Gácsi. "Social behaviours in dog-owner interactions can serve as a model for designing social robots." Interaction Studies 15, no. 2 (2014): 143–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.15.2.01far.
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It is essential for social robots to fit in the human society. In order to facilitate this process we propose to use the family dog’s social behaviour shown towards humans as an inspiration. In this study we explored dogs’ low level social monitoring in dog-human interactions and extracted individually consistent and context dependent behaviours in simple everyday social scenarios. We found that proximity seeking and tail wagging were most individually distinctive in dogs, while activity, orientation towards the owner, and exploration were dependent on the context and/or the activity of the owner. The functional analogues of these dog behaviours can be implemented in social robots of different embodiments in order to make them acceptable and more believable for humans. Keywords: dog-owner interaction; social robotics; low-level social monitoring; greeting behaviour; individually distinctive behaviours
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TAGUE, INGRID H. "EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLISH DEBATES ON A DOG TAX." Historical Journal 51, no. 4 (2008): 901–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x08007127.
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ABSTRACTA tax on dogs was passed in 1796 because it seemed to address both the government's need for revenue and other serious social and economic problems. Arguments for and against a dog tax throughout the eighteenth century engaged with issues not raised in discussions of other kinds of taxes because of the unique place of dogs in human society; positions on the question of a dog tax depended largely on assumptions about the purpose that dogs served, or ought to serve. Proponents often argued that a dog tax would decrease the population of nuisance dogs, whilst also preventing poaching. Other tax advocates presented a dog tax as a luxury tax, but there was no agreement about which kinds of dogs were luxuries, and which were necessities that should be exempt from the tax. By the time a bill was debated in parliament in 1796, the terms of the debate had shifted because of new attitudes toward animals. The tax that was ultimately passed largely ignored the interests of the primary advocates of a tax throughout the century, instead treating the pets of the poor as necessities that merited exemption.
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Agaton, Jan Alyssa Gayle. "Almost Home Humane Society: From Creating a Marketing Tool to Adopting a Dog." Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement 7, no. 1 (2020): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317237.
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JITSUMORI, MASAKO. "How animal psychology can contribute to the dog-human relationship in modern society?" Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology 59, no. 1 (2009): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2502/janip.59.1.7.
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Jöchle, Wolfgang. "Reproduction in the Dog: Reflections on Past Neglect and Its Consequences for Society." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 33, no. 1 (1989): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.1990.0013.
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Hepper, Peter G., and Deborah L. Wells. "Pet Ownership and Adults' Views on the Use of Animals." Society & Animals 5, no. 1 (1997): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853097x00213.
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AbstractFour hundred and twenty-two adults completed a postal questionnaire in which they provided information regarding pet ownership and their attitudes toward 13 issues involving the use of animals. Over 63% of the sample owned a household pet, with the dog being the most common. Household pets were more commonly owned by respondents who were married, younger than 65 years of age, living in detached houses, or with a child/children present in the home. Most concern was expressed toward those types of animal uses which lead to death or injury, especially dog fighting. Females expressed more disagreement than males with most of the uses o f animals examined. Dog owners expressed more approval offox-hunting and hare-coursing than non-dog owners, and horse owners expressed more approval offox-hunting than non-horse owners. This study reveals that some of the ways in which people use animals are considered more acceptable than others, and suggests that it is incorrect to group different kinds of animal use into one broad category. The authors argue that future years may see a shift in the way society uses animals, from manipulation toward care for their well-being.
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Chastant-Maillard, Sylvie, Martine Chebrout, Sandra Thoumire, Marie Saint-Dizier, Marc Chodkiewicz, and Karine Reynaud. "Embryo biotechnology in the dog: a review." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 7 (2010): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd09270.
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Canine embryos are a scarce biological material because of difficulties in collecting in vivo-produced embryos and the inability, to date, to produce canine embryos in vitro. The procedure for the transfer of in vivo-produced embryos has not been developed adequately, with only six attempts reported in the literature that have resulted in the birth of 45 puppies. In vitro, the fertilisation rate is particularly low (∼10%) and the incidence of polyspermy particularly high. So far, no puppy has been obtained from an in vitro-produced embryo. In contrast, cloning of somatic cells has been used successfully over the past 4 years, with the birth of 41 puppies reported in the literature, a yield that is comparable to that for other mammalian species. Over the same period, canine embryonic stem sells and transgenic cloned dogs have been obtained. Thus, the latest reproductive technologies are further advanced than in vitro embryo production. The lack of fundamental studies on the specific features of reproductive physiology and developmental biology in the canine is regrettable in view of the increasing role of dogs in our society and of the current demand for new biological models in biomedical technology.
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Melikoğlu, Esra. "Culpable/Maternal Detectives: The Impossibility of a Caring Ecofeminist Community in Atkinson's Started Early, Took My Dog." Crime Fiction Studies 2, no. 2 (2021): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cfs.2021.0045.
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In Kate Atkinson's ecofeminist crime novel Started Early, Took My Dog, the (semi-)retired investigators Jackson Brodie and Tracy Waterhouse at once collude with and wish to change exploitative capitalist patriarchal society. Trafficking epitomises its crime: the domination and exploitation of human and nonhuman animal others. Ecofeminism urges us to reconsider our complicity and embrace the vision of an interspecies community rooted in the motherly ethics of care. When confronted with a trafficked dog and female child, respectively, the tough Jackson and Tracy wish to transform into the maternal investigator of ecofeminist revision and create a caring (interspecies) family. But behind their maternal appearances lurks the noir perpetrator who mirrors his or her society's crimes. I argue that Atkinson uses the noir convention of the hard-boiled investigator shifting between identities – here borrowed from a sub-generic variant – to explore ordinary men and women's entrapment in contemporary society in the conflict between complicity and care. Through manipulation of point of view, we the readers are in fact implicated in this conflict as well.
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Butova, A. A. "ANTISOCIAL DOGS: SOCIALIZATION AND REDUCTION OF THE INFLUENCE OF STRESS FACTORS DURING VETERINARY MANIPULATIONS." Scientific Notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 247, no. 3 (2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31588/2413-4201-1883-247-3-27-33.
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Socialization is the development of new information by the dog, adaptation to the surrounding world. Teaching a dog to get along with its environment is quite a difficult task, especially if we are talking about a neglected animal living in a shelter. The socialization of dogs and the correct behavior of veterinary specialists when receiving such animals is fundamental in adapting to the surrounding world, and an adequate response of animals increases the chances of finding new owners for them. The process of socialization of a dog in human society depends on the frequency of its contacts with a person. It is important that volunteers and volunteers of different ages come to shelters for socialization and communicate with the animal in different conditions for them - in aviaries and on the street. Basically, communication between a dog and a person consists of three links: vocal communication, body signals, and ritual behavior. The socialization of dogs living in shelters has a complex structure and consists of several stages. The most important and simple thing that a person can offer a dog is to get used to the hands, learn how to wear a collar and walk on a leash. Veterinary specialists should be vigilant and careful when working with asocial animals. Compliance with a number of rules and taking into account the conditions of their detention and mental state will help to effectively carry out all the necessary manipulations, without harming the specialist, assistants and the animal.
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Alfarisi, Muhamad Sofyan, Adi Adi, and Endang Setiyo Astuti. "A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF TABOO WORDS IN ALPHA DOG MOVIE." Journey (Journal of English Language and Pedagogy) 2, no. 2 (2019): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33503/journey.v2i2.535.
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This study is aimed at revealing the types and functions of taboo words uttered by the characters in Alpha dog movie. This study is under the concern of sociolinguistics, which is a branch of linguistics studying language and its functions in society. It also employed a descriptive qualitative method using the researcher and a data sheet as the research instruments. The data of this study were the words, phrases, clauses, and sentences uttered by the characters of Alpha Dog movie and were collected by simak dan catat technique. The data then were analyzed by referential analysis technique. The data triangulations were also employed to confirm the validity of the data. This study reveals the type of taboo words uttered by the characters of Alpha dog movie can be classified into four; Epithet (EP), Profanity (PR), Vulgarity (VU), and Obscenity (OB). The functions of the words were classified into four; to draw attention to oneself (TDA), to show contempt (TSC), to be provocative (TBP) and to mock authority (TMA).
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Humby, Lauren, and Elaine Barclay. "Pawsitive Solutions: An Overview of Prison Dog Programs in Australia." Prison Journal 98, no. 5 (2018): 580–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885518793951.
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A survey of animal welfare agencies and corrections departments across Australia was conducted to compile a nationwide profile of prison dog programs, wherein inmates train dogs while learning skills to assist their rehabilitation. Most programs operating in 23 prisons in six Australian states were a community service design administered by animal welfare organizations. Inmates benefit through opportunities to train the dogs, give back to society, gain a sense of responsibility, improve self-confidence and social skills, and acquire vocational qualifications to improve job opportunities postrelease. Barriers identified included insufficient funding, limited training opportunities for the dogs, and some staff resistance.
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GOTTLIEB, ALMA. "dog: ally or traitor? mythology, cosmology, and society among the Beng of Ivory Coast." American Ethnologist 13, no. 3 (1986): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.1986.13.3.02a00050.
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Shih, Hao Yu, Mandy B. A. Paterson, and Clive J. C. Phillips. "Breed Group Effects on Complaints about Canine Welfare Made to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) Queensland, Australia." Animals 9, no. 7 (2019): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9070390.
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Cruelty- and neglect-related canine welfare concerns are important welfare and social issues. Dog breed has been identified as a risk factor for bad welfare, and yet its role in different types of canine welfare concerns has not been fully investigated. We conducted a retrospective study of 107,597 dog welfare complaints received by RSPCA Queensland from July 2008 to June 2018. The breed of the dog involved in the incident was either recorded as stated by the complainant or by the inspector attending the case. Dog breed was divided into groups following the Australian National Kennel Club nomenclature. Dogs of a non-recognised breed were more likely to be reported in welfare complaints than recognised breed dogs. Recognised breed dogs had a greater risk of being reported with poisoning, lack of veterinary support, abuse and being left unattended in a hot vehicle; while non-recognised breed dogs had greater risk of being reported with insufficient shelter, exercise and food/water, as well as overcrowding and abandonment. Utility breeds, terriers and working dogs were most likely to be reported, while toy, non-sporting breeds and gundogs were least likely to be reported. Common complaint types for utility dogs were: insufficient food/water, shelter and exercise, and poor living conditions; for terriers: abandonment, intentional abuses and killing or injuring another animal; for working dogs: insufficient food/water, shelter and exercise; for toy dogs: lack of veterinary care, overcrowding and staying in a hot vehicle alone; for non-sporting dogs: lack of veterinary care, being left in a hot vehicle unattended and poor body conditions; and for hounds: killing or injuring another animal, intentional abuses and poor body conditions. Breed groups rather than breeds may be the best method of breed identification in a public reporting system as they group similar breeds together, and as our research shows, they relate to types of animal welfare complaints. Understanding the relationship between breed group and canine welfare complaints may help authorities improve public education programs and inform decision-making around which breed a new owner should choose.
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Ridgwell, Stephen. "Lurcherland: Poachers, Dogs and Animal Presence in English Life and Culture, c. 1831–1901." Journal of Victorian Culture 24, no. 3 (2019): 361–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jvcult/vcy069.
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Abstract In Victorian England poachers and dogs were subject to increasing levels of public interest and engagement. This article considers how their various interactions were represented across a range of printed and visual media and suggests that in establishing the poacher as a largely positive figure the dog had a vital role to play. If a number of other factors worked in favour of the poacher, not least the widespread dislike of the Game Laws, important in this process of legitimation was the poacher’s active link to the canine world. Though ambiguity always surrounded the poacher, and the dog was not always to be found on his side, more often than not it was. The development of this association casts an interesting light on the framing of human-animal relations in the nineteenth century, a critical moment for those concerned with the ‘animal turn’ and notions of non-human agency, and reveals how the dog was more than just the poacher’s ally in the un-official hunting field. As an urban-centred culture acquired a distinctly ruralist orientation, within the popular knowledge economy the idea of the poacher and his dog resonated across boundaries of class and geography. This in turn provides new evidence of how, at the level of culture, the more disreputable sides of life could be accommodated within a society that ostensibly prized respectability.
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Rezanova, Zoya, and Konstantin Shilyaev. "Megametaphor as a coherence and cohesion device in a cycle of literary texts." Lingua Posnaniensis 57, no. 2 (2015): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/linpo-2015-0009.
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Abstract Zoya Rezanova & Konstantin Shilyaev. Megametaphor as a coherence and cohesion device in a cycle of literary texts. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of Arts and Sciences, PL ISSN 0079-4740, pp. 31-39 The present study is concerned with the notion of megametaphor and its role in the cohesion and coherence of the text, as well as its intertextual function. We discuss the method of identifying and structuring megametaphor in a literary text and apply it to four novels by Jack London that have dogs as their protagonists. The megametaphor DOG IS A MAN is shown to organize the texts both conceptually - via a coherent set of frame structures of the source domain - and linguistically, by way of applying a network of metaphorical lexemes to the description of a dog.
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Hamilakis, Yannis. "A footnote on the archaeology of power: animal bones from a Mycenaean chamber tomb at Galatas, NE Peloponnese." Annual of the British School at Athens 91 (November 1996): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400016440.
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The zooarchaeological remains from a Mycenaean chamber tomb (LH II B–IIIc early) at Apatheia, Galatas, NE Peloponnese, are analysed and discussed. The bones offer evidence for mortuary dining ritual and for the ritual deposition of dog skeletons. The latter practice in Mycenaean burials is discussed and, contrary to previous interpretation, is connected to the social and ideological role of hunting in Mycenaean society.
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Zubareva, Vera K. "“A Lady with a Lapdog”: A Breakdown of Orthodoxy." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 2021, no. 1 (2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2021-1-19-25.
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This article provides a historical perspective on the famous Chekhovian story that has been previously viewed only as a story of love with the main focus on characters’ psychology. The new approach refers to a historical climate in Russian in the end of 19 century when religion lost its primary value. The conflict between the main characters is interpreted as a conflict between religious and secular mentality. Chekhov talks about a tendency of changing values in society, when the natural man’s mentality dominates the sacramental sphere, declares its morality false, ridiculous and even harmful. Gurov cannot understand Anna Sergeevna’s repentance, because he gravitates towards the progressive pole. The institution of marriage is not sacred for him, and, like for many of his contemporaries, a church wedding ceremony is no more than just a beautiful ritual. Just as another Chekhovian character, Voinitsky, Gurov doesn’t consider cheating on a spouse a great sin. He is a man of modern tendencies. For him, God is an abstract, mythical, speculative, philosophical concept not applicable to his own life that he lives in accordance with the tendencies of a secular society. Critics often associate the image of the dog with Anna Sergeevna, but in reality it is connected rather to Gurov. First of all, the sex of the dog is male, not female (Spitz is a male). Also, in the story, the dog loves his owner, Anna Sergeevna, but he could never understand the reason for her sadness. In the same way, Gurov, though being in love with Anna Sergeevna, would never understand fully what makes her so upset.
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Wu, Frank H. "The Best "Chink" Food: Dog Eating and the Dilemma of Diversity." Gastronomica 2, no. 2 (2002): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2002.2.2.38.
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Frank H. Wu (Howard University Law School) considers the controversial topic of dog-eating as a case study in the dilemmas of diversity. By analyzing the question "do Asians eat dogs?" and the possible answers available to Asian Americans, he concludes that only the response "why do you ask?" adequately addresses the ambiguities and ambivalence of the exchange. In providing numerous examples of the claims that Asians eat dogs, along with a typology of the answers given by Asian Americans, throughout history and in contemporary culture, the author concludes by suggesting that preliminary rules establishing the equality of all participants in the discussion are necessary to sustain civic society.
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Rambelli, Fabio. ""Dog-men," Craftspeople or Living Buddhas? The Status of Yamabushi in Pre-modern Japanese Society." Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie 18, no. 1 (2009): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/asie.2009.1334.
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Kettleman, William S., Matthew C. Iuliani, Brenna G. Webb, Joselys M. Ceballos, and Bryan T. Torres. "Publication Rate and Evidence-Based Evaluation of Abstracts Presented at the Annual Veterinary Orthopedic Society Conference." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 33, no. 05 (2020): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714417.
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Abstract Objectives Scientific abstracts are a common method for disseminating new research. There is no information on the publication rate of orthopaedic surgery abstracts presented at the annual Veterinary Orthopedic Society (VOS) Conference. The objectives of this study were to document the publication rate, the publication timeline and the level of evidence (LoE) of abstracts presented at an annual orthopaedic meeting. Study Design All conference abstracts from the 2001 to 2014 annual VOS meeting were reviewed, and final publication was determined through a comprehensive bibliographic search. Results Over 14 conferences, 1,112 scientific abstracts were presented with an overall publication rate of 47%. The majority of abstracts had low LoE scores, and those abstracts were published less timely than ones with higher LoE scores. Once presented, most abstracts took 1 year to be submitted and 2 years to be published. Dog (45%) and ex vivo (19%) studies were the most common. Publication occurred most frequently in Veterinary Surgery (40%), Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology (17%) and the American Journal of Veterinary Research (12%). Conclusion The publication rate for abstracts presented at the annual VOS meeting is lower than those from a more generalized veterinary surgery conference. Publication occurs most frequently in a select group of journals, and the subject matter is limited in scope with a focus on dog and ex vivo studies. Overall, most abstracts presented at VOS contain a lower LoE.
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Lusyana and Imam Nuraryo. "ETNOGRAPHY OF COMMUNICATION OF ANIMAL LOVERS COMMUNITY JAKARTA." Jurnal Komunikasi dan Bisnis 9, no. 1 (2021): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46806/jkb.v9i1.730.
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This research examines ethnography of communication in Jakarta Dog Lovers can be divided into three main problems: first is a form of communication activities undertaken in the community, second is the communication components that make up the communication activities, and third is the communication competencies of community members while performing a communication activity.
 This study was studied by looking at the theory and method of ethnography of communication from Dell Hymes. The method of communication ethnography is one of the study of communication ethnography of some qualitative researchstudies (interpretive or constructivistparadigm),which is found in the discovery of various communication patterns used by humans in a speech society. The data collection techniques utilized is through the method of introspection, in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. The techniques of data analysisin this study uses the gradual advancement of 12-step flow analysisresearch approach created by James P. Spradley.
 The results of this research are divided into three main points based on the research objectives. First is the form of the communication activities in the community of Jakarta Dog Lovers as seen on the public gathering conducted routinely every weekend, charities, active participation on campaign events, as well as providing education to inform the general members of the public about the issues surrounding dogs. Second, there are ten components that make up the concept of communication activities. Third, the competencies of the members when interacting with fellow peers of their community.
 This research concludes that the communication activities conducted by the general public of the community is supported by the presence of communication elements and competencies of the members in interacting with one another in Jakarta Dog Lovers Community. This context is evidence of ethnography or cultural cultivation that occurs in Jakarta Dog Lovers. Researchers also suggest that research on Jakarta dog lovers community topics will be more developed in the future.
 Key words: Ethnography of Communication,Community, Jakarta Dog Lovers
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Tater, Kathy C., Sharon Gwaltney-Brant, and Tina Wismer. "Topical Minoxidil Exposures and Toxicoses in Dogs and Cats: 211 Cases (2001–2019)." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 57, no. 5 (2021): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-7154.
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ABSTRACT Topical minoxidil is a medication for hair loss, initially available in the United States by prescription only and available since 1996 as an over-the-counter product. To determine the epidemiology of minoxidil exposures and toxicoses in dogs and cats, 211 dog and cat cases with topical minoxidil exposure were identified from the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Poison Control Center database. In 87 cases with clinical signs of toxicosis (62 cats, 25 dogs), case narratives were reviewed and coded for exposure-related circumstances. Unintentional delivery, especially while pet owners applied minoxidil for his/her own hair loss (e.g., pet licked owner’s skin or pillowcase, pet was splashed during a medication spill), was the most common cat exposure circumstance. Exploratory behavior (e.g., searching through trash) was the most common dog exposure circumstance. Clinical signs occurred in dogs and cats even with low exposure amounts, such as drops or licks. In patients that developed clinical signs, most developed moderate or major illness (56.0% dogs, 59.7% cats). Death occurred in 8/62 (12.9%) cats that developed clinical signs after the pet owner’s minoxidil use. Pet owners should be educated on the risk of dog and cat toxicosis from accidental minoxidil exposure.
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Habibullah, A., A. M. M. T. Rahman, M. R. Haydar, K. H. M. N. H. Nazir, and M. T. Rahman. "PREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FROM DOGS AND CATS IN DHAKA CITY." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 15, no. 1 (2017): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v15i1.34055.
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Pet (dog and cat) animal numbers have substantially increased in modern society. There is concern over transmission of Staphylococcal infection including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) between animals and humans. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA from apparently healthy and diseased dog and cat of different veterinary Hospital, clinics and pet animal market in Dhaka city. Samples collected for detection of MRSA were nasal swab, pus and wound swab. Among the 93 samples, 40.86% (n=38/93) were confirmed as positive for S. aureus and4.30% (n=4/93) as MRSA. The detection of MRSA was confirmed phenotypically and also by PCR targeting mec Agene specific for MRSA. All isolates isolated S. aureus were coagulase positive and hence pathogenic. Antibiogram study showed that all these isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and tetracycline. The overall prevalence of MRSA was higher in dog (4.91%) compared to cat (3.13%). The highest prevalence of MRSA (5.88%) was recorded in samples collected from Kataban Pet Animal Market, Dhaka. On sample basis MRSA was higher in nasal swab compared to pus and wound swab. On age basis, the prevalence of MRSA was higher in younger animal compared to older animal. The highest prevalence of S. aureus was found in diseased dog and highest prevalence of MRSA was found in diseased cat. None of the healthy cat was found positive for MRSA. Present study emphasizes that dogs and cats may act as a possible reservoirs for transmission of MRSA to human.
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Sabūnas, V., J. Radzijevskaja, P. Sakalauskas, and A. Paulauskas. "First report of heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in an imported dog in Lithuania." Helminthologia 56, no. 1 (2019): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2018-0036.
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SummaryOver the past decade, increasing numbers of autochthonous cases of heartworm infection have been reported in the countries of Eastern Europe where previously only imported cases were described. In this report we have described the first clinical case of Dirofilaria immitis infection in an imported dog in Lithuania.In 2018, a 5-year-old male Spanish greyhound (Spanish galgo) was imported to Lithuania from southern Spain and referred to a small animal veterinary clinic in Vilnius for wellness screening. Circulating microfilariae and female antigens of D. immitis were detected using the Knott’s test and SNAP 4Dx Plus Test (IDEXX Laboratories, Portland, USA). The diagnosis was confirmed using molecular analysis. Treatment according to the guidelines recommended by the American Heartworm Society was applied. This is the first confirmed report of canine heartworm infection in an imported dog in Lithuania. Heartworm-infected dogs transported to North-Eastern Europe from endemic areas could act as microfilarial reservoirs for the local mosquito population, which could increase the risk of spreading the disease.
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Vieira de Castro, Ana Catarina, Ângelo Araújo, André Fonseca, and I. Anna S. Olsson. "Improving dog training methods: Efficacy and efficiency of reward and mixed training methods." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0247321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247321.
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Dogs play an important role in our society as companions and work partners, and proper training of these dogs is pivotal. For companion dogs, training helps preventing or managing dog behavioral problems—the most frequently cited reason for relinquishing and euthanasia, and it promotes successful dog-human relationships and thus maximizes benefits humans derive from bonding with dogs. For working dogs, training is crucial for them to successfully accomplish their jobs. Dog training methods range widely from those using predominantly aversive stimuli (aversive methods), to those combining aversive and rewarding stimuli (mixed methods) and those focusing on the use of rewards (reward methods). The use of aversive stimuli in training is highly controversial and several veterinary and animal protection organizations have recommended a ban on pinch collars, e-collars and other techniques that induce fear or pain in dogs, on the grounds that such methods compromise dog welfare. At the same time, training methods based on the use of rewards are claimed to be more humane and equally or more effective than aversive or mixed methods. This important discussion, however, has not always been based in solid scientific evidence. Although there is growing scientific evidence that training with aversive stimuli has a negative impact on dog welfare, the scientific literature on the efficacy and efficiency of the different methodologies is scarce and inconsistent. Hence, the goal of the current study is to investigate the efficacy and efficiency of different dog training methods. To that end, we will apply different dog training methods in a population of working dogs and evaluate the outcome after a period of training. The use of working dogs will allow for a rigorous experimental design and control, with randomization of treatments. Military (n = 10) and police (n = 20) dogs will be pseudo-randomly allocated to two groups. One group will be trained to perform a set of tasks (food refusal, interrupted recall, dumbbell retrieval and placing items in a basket) using reward methods and the other group will be trained for the same tasks using mixed methods. Later, the dogs will perform a standardized test where they will be required to perform the trained behaviors. The reliability of the behaviors and the time taken to learn them will be assessed in order to evaluate the efficacy and efficiency, respectively, of the different training methods. This study will be performed in collaboration with the Portuguese Army and with the Portuguese Public Security Police (PSP) and integrated with their dog training programs.
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Colner, Miha, and Maja Smrekar. "Hybrid Family: Interview with Maja Smrekar." Instinct, Vol. 4, no. 1 (2019): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m6.036.int.
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Maja Smrekar is a visual artist addressing current phenomena in contemporary society. Her earlier works often touch upon the mundane permeated by stereotypes of popular culture, the future as understood through fiction, and the ethical aspects of human interventions in nature and natural processes. In 2014, she began performing her continuous work K-9_topology, in which she analyses the causes and consequences of human domination on the planet, and questions the self-evidence of the anthropogenic mentality. During the following four years, this artistic research and extremely interdisciplinary action led her to deeply explore the relationship between a human and a dog. Individual elements of the project were introduced through performance, installation, artist book, and photography. The following interview focuses on this segment of her work; on her reflections on the relationship between a human and an animal; and on certain important social contexts that define her work. Keywords: contemporary art, human-dog relation, performance art, posthumanism, wildlife domestication
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Sax, Boria. "What is a "Jewish Dog"? Konrad Lorenz and the Cult of Wildness." Society & Animals 5, no. 1 (1997): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853097x00196.
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AbstractThis paper explores the Nazi view of nature as violent but orderly, contrasted with what the Nazis took to be the chaos and confusion of human society. In imposing strict authoritarian controls, the Nazis strove to emulate what they viewed as the natural discipline of instinct. They saw this as embodied in wild animals, especially large predators such as wolves, while the opposite were domesticated mongrels whose instincts, like those of overly civilized peoples, had been ruined through careless breeding. Those who anticipated this view included Nietzsche and Kipling. The author finds the Nazi perspective best articulated by Nobel-laureate Konrad Lorenz, a member of the Nazi party and its Office for Race Policy, who believed that traits indicating genetic decline crossed species lines. He advocated correcting the alleged damage done to animals and people by civilization through eugenic controls.
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Parente, Giovanni, Tommaso Gargano, Marco Di Mitri, et al. "Consequences of COVID-19 Lockdown on Children and Their Pets: Dangerous Increase of Dog Bites among the Paediatric Population." Children 8, no. 8 (2021): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8080620.
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Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has not only put our national health systems to the test, but it also notably hit the economy, the society and the psychology of the people. Our pets have been subjected to the pandemic related stress too. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the stress induced on domestic dogs resulted in an increase of dog bites in the paediatric population. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on all patients admitted to our paediatric emergency department for dog bite from January 2014 and December 2020. We compared the total mean dog bites of the years 2014–2019 and the mean number per single month with the respective 2020 data. The bites were divided between bites from family dogs and bites from stranger dogs. Continuous data were analysed using single sample t test while categorical values with chi-squared test, considering statistically significant a p value < 0.05. Results: From January 2014 to December 2019, we recorded a mean of 41 ± 5.9 dog bites (range: 30–46) of which a mean 13 ± 2.6 (range: 10–17) were due to family dogs (32%) and a mean of 28 ± 2.4 (range: 25–31) were due to stranger dogs (68%); the male-to-female ratio was 3:2 and 43% of the injuries concerned the head and face, 26% the lower limbs, 25% the upper limbs, 3% the genitalia and 3% the torso. From January 2020 to December 2020, 30 children were admitted for dog bites: 22 were from family dogs (73%) and 8 from stranger dogs (27%); the male-to-female ratio was 14:11 and 72% of the injuries concerned the head and face, 16% the upper limbs, 8% the lower limbs and 4% the torso. The 2020 data’s higher number of family dog bites compared with the mean of those in the 2014–2019 period was statistically significant (p < 0.01) such as the 2020 data’s lower number of stranger dog bites when compared with the mean number of stranger dog bites in the 2014–2019 period (p < 0.01). Between 2014 and 2019, a mean of 9 ± 2 (range: 6–12) of the wounds needed to be sutured (22%), while 32 ± 3 (range: 28–35) wounds were discharged after application of Steri Strips (78%). On the other hand, in 2020, 21 wounds needed to be sutured (70%), and 9 received just Steri Strips application (41%). The frequency distribution of the treatments required (stitches vs. Steri Strips) between the 2014 to 2019 period and the 2020 period was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The number of family dog bites in children increased in 2020, especially during the lockdown period. Paediatricians should pay a lot of attention now more than ever to educate parents on the importance of always supervising children who are playing with dogs.
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Moraes, Reiner Silveira de, Antônio Carlos Severino Neto, Gabriel Lopes Germano, Henrique Trevizoli Ferraz, and Alana Flávia Romani. "Chronic kidney disease in a dog of the Teckel breed: case report." Acta Veterinaria Brasilica 14, no. 4 (2020): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21708/avb.2020.14.4.9322.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a disease characterized by the gradual and functional loss of renal mass, affecting its physiology leading to clinical manifestations. The CKD reaches dogs of several breeds causing important clinical alterations. Some laboratory tests are determinant for the correct diagnosis and thus for the implementation of the most appropriate treatment. The urinalysis, urinary protein-creatinine ratio (UPC) evaluation, urea, and creatinine dosage together with the symmetric dimethylarginine dosage (SDMA), urinary tract ultrasonography and blood pressure monitoring, are the main methods used for diagnosis. In this way, this work aimed to report a case of CKD in a Teckel dog attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), discussing the main clinical manifestations, laboratory, and image alterations, as well as the correct staging according to IRIS (Interest Renal International Society), from which the best treatment option to be adopted is determined.