Journal articles: 'Dogs Kidneys Veterinary histology'

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Clark, Sabrina D., Wenping Song, Rachel Cianciolo, George Lees, Mary Nabity, and Shiguang Liu. "Abnormal Expression of miR-21 in Kidney Tissue of Dogs With X-Linked Hereditary Nephropathy: A Canine Model of Chronic Kidney Disease." Veterinary Pathology 56, no. 1 (October 28, 2018): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985818806050.

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs that act as regulators of posttranslational gene/protein expression and are known to play a key role in physiological and pathological processes. The objective of our study was to compare expression of miR-21 in renal tissue from dogs affected with chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused by X-linked hereditary nephropathy (XLHN), a disease equivalent to human Alport syndrome, to that from unaffected dogs. Additionally, we sought to characterize changes in relative mRNA expression of various genes associated with miR-21 function. miRNA was isolated from kidney tissue collected from both affected dogs and unaffected, age-matched littermates at defined milestones of disease progression, including end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Additionally, autopsy samples from affected dogs at ESRD and corresponding unaffected dogs were evaluated. Samples were scored based on histological changes, and relative expression of miR-21 and kidney disease-related genes was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In affected dogs, significant upregulation of kidney miR-21 was first detected at the milestone corresponding with increased serum creatinine. Furthermore, miR-21 expression correlated significantly with urine protein: urine creatinine ratio, serum creatinine concentration, glomerular filtration rate, and histologic lesions (glomerular damage, tubular damage, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis). At end-stage disease, COL1A1, TGFB1 and its receptor, TGFB2, and Serpine1 were upregulated, while PPARA, PPARGC1A, ACADM, SOD1, and EGF were downregulated. In conclusion, miR-21 is abnormally upregulated in the kidneys of dogs with CKD caused by XLHN, which may play an important pathologic role in the progression of disease by dysregulating multiple pathways.

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Koeman, J. P., W. J. Biewenga, and E. Gruys. "Proteinuria Associated with Glomerulosclerosis and Glomerular Collagen Formation in Three Newfoundland Dog Littermates." Veterinary Pathology 31, no. 2 (March 1994): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589403100205.

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Three dogs out of a litter of eight Newfoundland dogs developed a progressive fatal glomerulopathy. The affected dogs were a 2-month-old male, a 2.5-month-old female, and a 1-year-old male. The disease in all three animals was characterized by growth retardation, anorexia, proteinuria (14–16 g/liter), hypoalbuminemia (15–21 g/liter, elevated plasma urea (13–28 mmol/liter), and creatinine (83–296 μmol/liter) concentrations. Because of a bad prognosis the dogs were euthanatized. On postmortem examination, the animals had enlarged, slightly pale kidneys, which revealed glomerulosclerosis and glomerulofibrosis on histologic and electron microscopic examination. The lesions consisted of subendothelial and mesangial collagen fibrils and an increase of mesangial matrix. The fibrosis may result from endothelial or mesangial collagen formation as the manifestation of a metabolic disease.

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Hahn, K. A., M. D. McGavin, and W. H. Adams. "Bilateral Renal Metastases of Nasal Chondrosarcoma in a Dog." Veterinary Pathology 34, no. 4 (July 1997): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589703400413.

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Chondrosarcoma is the most common nonepithelial sinonasal neoplasm in the dog, and metastasis is considered rare. A 7-year-old Irish Setter had bilateral renal enlargement 17 months following surgery and radiotherapy for a primary nasal chondrosarcoma. Histologic evaluation revealed chondrosarcoma metastases in both kidneys. A diagnosis of nasal chondrosarcoma with bilateral renal metastasis was made. The clinical importance of this report is that routine recommendations for the evaluation of regional and/or distant metatasis in a dog with a dignosis of nasal chondrosarcoma, namely routine whole body physical examination and thoracic radiography, failed to demonstrate the presence of abdominal metatases, which ultimately led to the demise of this dog. The biologically aggressive nature of this chondrosarcoma of the nasal cavity indicates that additional information is needed before a prognosis can be reliably established for dogs with this tumor type.

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Heller, D. A., C. A. Clifford, M. H. Goldschmidt, D. E. Holt, F. S. Shofer, A. Smith, and K. U. Sorenmo. "Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression is Associated with Histologic Tumor Type in Canine Mammary Carcinoma." Veterinary Pathology 42, no. 6 (November 2005): 776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.42-6-776.

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Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible member of the family of cyclooxygenase enzymes that has been implicated in the genesis of numerous cancers. The role of COX-2 in canine mammary neoplasia remains to be more clearly elucidated. The goal of the study reported here was to determine whether a direct association between levels of COX-2 expression and tumor histologic subtype exists in canine mammary carcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using a polyclonal antiprostaglandin G/H synthase 2 IgG COX-2 antibody. Sections from the kidneys of young dogs, which stain positive for COX-2 in the macula densa, served as positive controls. Slides were reviewed by a single pathologist, and were evaluated for COX-2 expression according to previously established scales. Positive-staining tumors were given a COX-2 staining distribution (on the basis of the percentage of positive staining cells in five 400x fields) and intensity score according to previously established scales. The product of the COX-2 staining distribution and intensity scores was calculated to create a COX-2 staining index. COX-2 expression was detected in 28 of 50 (56%) samples evaluated. Anaplastic carcinomas had a significantly higher COX-2 staining distribution, intensity, and index, compared with those for adenocarcinomas ( P < 0.0001). The overall percentage of positive tumors (56%) was consistent with that of prior studies. To the authors' knowledge, these results indicate, for the first time, a direct association between COX-2 expression and tumor histologic subtype in canine mammary carcinomas. Future research directed at measuring tumor response in canine mammary carcinoma patients treated with a selective COX-2 inhibitor is indicated.

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Радзиховський, М. Л. "Макроскопічні зміни у цуценят за експериментального відтворення коронавірусного ентериту." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2018.04.27.

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На основі проведеного нами аналізу літературних джерел, результатів моніторингових та власних досліджень з’ясовано, що вірусні ентерити займають провідне місце в інфекційній патології собак і наносять значні збитки власникам тварин. Враховуючи актуальність даного питання, результатом наших досліджень є уточнення, доповнення та узагальнення даних щодо патоморфології різних органів собак за коронавірусного ентериту, що дасть можливість більш детально з’ясувати вплив збудника хвороби на організм тварин. У статті представлено результати вивчення макроскопічних змін у собак за експериментального відтворення коронавірусного ентериту. За результатами патолого-анатомічного розтину трупів цуценят спостерігаються мікроскопічні зміни у внутрішніх органах, а саме серозний лімфаденіт, тимусі та підшлунковій залозі набряк і гіперемію, нирки нерівномірно забарвлені в коричневий колір, печінка і серце збільшені, розширені судини головного і спинного мозку. Таким чином, виявлений нами комплекс патологоанатомічних змін у цуценят за експериментального відтворення хвороби можна вважати характерним критерієм патоморфологічної діагностики коронавірусного ентериту у собак. On the basis of our analysis of literary sources, the results of monitoring and our own research, it was found out that viral enteritis occupies a leading place in the infectious pathology of dogs and causes significant damage to animal owners. Taking into account the relevance of this issue, the result of our research is specification, supplement and generalization of the data on the pathomorphology of various organs of dogs for coronaviral enteritis, which will give an opportunity to more precisely determine the effect of the pathogen on the animal's body. The purpose of this work was to study and characterize the pathomorphological changes in the large intestine in experimental contamination of dogs with coronavirus enteritis. The work was carried out at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University (ZNAEU). Thanatopsy of the animals was carried out in the special laboratory of the Department of Anatomy and Histology. The article presents the results of the study of macroscopic changes in dogs in experimental reproduction of coronaviral enteritis. According to the results of the pathological anatomical section of the corpses of the puppies, microscopic changes in the internal organs are observed, namely, serous lymphadenitis, thymus and pancreas, edema and hyperemia, the kidneys are irregularly brown-colored, liver, heart as well as vessels of the brain and spinal cord are enlarged. Thus, our complex of pathoanatomical changes in puppies in the experimental reproduction of the disease has been identified by us as a characteristic criterion for the pathomorphological diagnosis of coronaviral enteritis in dogs. In the future, in order to fully cover the pathomorphological picture of the disease, it is advisable to carry out histological examination of the organs and tissues in the dog-infected Coronaviridae.

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Radsikhovskii, N. "Microscopic changes in the colon of puppies at experimental infection with parvovirus isolator cultivated in heterologous cell culture." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 88 (November 13, 2018): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet8818.

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The article presents the results of the study of histological changes in the cecum, and colon of dogs for experimental infection with parvovirus enteritis. The histological examination of the small intestine, selected from corpses (n = 5) of puppies, dental labradorus with unborn, was infected with field isolator of parvovirus cultured on heterologous cell cultures (kidney kidney hamster (BHK-21), rabbit kidney (RK-13) and the renal mumps (SPEV). The presence of parvovirus, without any other association in experimental animals, is confirmed by the ELISA method and the solid-phase ELISA system. The purpose of this work was to study and characterize the microscopic changes in the colon for experimental contamination of dogs by parvovirus enteritis. The work was carried out at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University (ZNAEU). Anatomy of the animals was carried out in the special laboratory of the Department of Anatomy and Histology. The material of the study was pathological material taken during the pathoanatomical dissect of the puppies (n = 5), after experimental infection and euthanasia. The section of the cecum and the сolon, were investigated. The main method used in the work was a histological study, and a description of the microstructural changes in the tissues of the organs. Histological studies of the bladder and intestine showed that microscopic changes in their walls were segmental. Some parts had well preserved the spots. Only moderate uneven swelling of the submucosal base, an increase in its blood vessels, and edema and partial lysis of collagen fibers are registered. In other areas, destruction was recorded. In some cases, only the upper part of the crypt disappeared. The cript stroma was disorganized and suppressed, while in the nuclei of a sufficiently large number of epithelial cells in the upper crypts, eosinophilic inclusions were recorded. In the large intestine, puppies for experimental infection with parvovirus isolate, cultured in the heterologous culture of the lesions, are localized in the cecum and the colon and have a segmental nature: in some areas the crypts is well preserved, while in others the destruction of the crypts is recorded. Local reaction of the system of specific immunity is characterized by hypertrophy of isolated and congested lymphoid nodes. There are small cells of lymphocyte necrosis. In the nuclei of the epithelial cytoplasm, as well as in the nuclei of the lymphocytes, eosinophilic inclusions of the corpuscles are detected.

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DeBowes, Linda J., Derek Mosier, Ellen Logan, Colin E. Harvey, Stephen Lowry, and Daniel C. Richardson. "Association of Periodontal Disease and Histologic Lesions in Multiple Organs from 45 Dogs." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 13, no. 2 (June 1996): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649601300201.

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Forty-five mixed breed dogs were evaluated for the presence and extent of periodontal disease. Histopathology was performed on samples of lung, myocardium, liver, kidney, tonsil, spleen, submandibular lymph node and tracheobronchial lymph node. Mitral valves were evaluated grossly. Statistical analysis was used to determine if there was a relationship between the extent of periodontal disease and histopathologic changes in the tissues examined. In the forty-five dogs studied, an association was found between periodontal disease and histopathologic changes in kidney, myocardium (papillary muscle), and liver.

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Hutton, T. A., R. E. Goldstein, B. L. Njaa, D. Z. Atwater, Y. F. Chang, and K. W. Simpson. "Search forBorrelia burgdorferiin Kidneys of Dogs with Suspected “Lyme Nephritis”." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 22, no. 4 (July 2008): 860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0131.x.

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A. Balgimbayeva, G. Shabdarbaeva, L. Zhanteliyeva, A. Ibazhanova, Uğur Uslu, and D. Khussainov. "DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF DIOCTOPHYMOSIS IN DOGS." BULLETIN 1, no. 383 (February 15, 2020): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.8.

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This article includes materials on the rare disease in domestic and wild carnivores, dioctophimosis, caused by a helminth from the group of aphasmidia nematodes, Dioctophyme renale, which is parasitic in the kidneys, recently registered in veterinary clinics in Almaty. The disease has important social significance - a person is susceptible to it, the infection of which occurs when raw fish is eaten. In Almaty, according to the statistics of veterinary clinics in recent years (2018-2019), 17 cases of dioctophimosis in dogs have been registered, that is up to 0.3% of the number of dogs examined for helminthiases. The appearance of this disease, which is relatively new for our region, can have a significant impact on the epizootiological and epidemiological situation. The results of in vivo laboratory diagnosis of dioctophimosis in dogs by ovoscopic methods are presented, with the provision of microphotos of the parasite eggs; methods of instrumental diagnostics - ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the kidneys with the provision of photos proving the presence of a parasite in the renal pelvis. Since the only treatment for dioctophimosis is surgery and extraction of dioctophyma from the affected organ (kidney), our own original materials are presented for a step by step surgical intervention to extract helminth from the kidneys of dogs and treat animals. The condition of the operated animals is satisfactory, the prognosis for surgery is favorable.

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Gross, T. L., and G. A. Kunkle. "The Cutaneous Histology of Dermatomyositis in Collie Dogs." Veterinary Pathology 24, no. 1 (January 1987): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588702400103.

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Cutaneous lesions of 36 collie dogs affected with dermatomyositis were reviewed. The most common histologic features were follicular atrophy and perifollicular inflammation in 30 dogs, which correlated with alopecia clinically. Other less common findings included formation of colloid bodies, basal cell vacuolation, and subepidermal vesiculation. Results indicated that the most diagnostic cutaneous histologic features of dermatomyositis may be follicular atrophy and inflammation.

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Nho, Whan-Gook, Jung-Hyang Sur, Alan R. Doster, and Soon-Bok Kim. "Detection of Canine Parvovirus in Naturally Infected Dogs with Enteritis and Myocarditis by in Situ Hybridization." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 9, no. 3 (July 1997): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879700900306.

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An improved method for the diagnosis of canine parvovirus using in situ hybridization in standard formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections was developed. A digoxigenin-labeled probe complementary to DNA sequences that code for the entire sequence of the capsid protein VP-1 and the middle part of the sequence of the capsid protein VP-2 was designed. Specific histologic localization of canine parvovirus-infected cells was demonstrated in small intestine, tonsil, lymph node, thymus, spleen, heart, liver, and kidney from dogs diagnosed at necropsy with canine parvovirus infection. The in situ hybridization accurately pinpointed the specific sites of viral infection. The detection of canine parvovirus in liver, kidney, and heart tissues together in the same pups could represent an enhanced virulence of this strain of canine parvovirus and suggests a broadened tissue tropism not seen before in Korean strains of canine parvovirus.

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Gjurovski, Ivica, Monika Dovenska, Aleksandar Janevski, and Trpe Ristoski. "Poisoning of Dogs in the Republic of Macedonia- Pathomorphological Changes and the Impact on Animal Welfare." Macedonian Veterinary Review 41, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/macvetrev-2018-0014.

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Abstract The illegal poisoning of dogs and other domestic and wild animals presents a worldwide problem causing animal suffering and R. Macedonia is not an exeption. The goal of this study is to make a comparison of the results from the histopathological examination conducted among poisoned dogs in the Republic of Macedonia. Morphological and histopathological changes in poisoned dogs were investigated for a period of 10 years. The examination was performed on 31 dogs, 13 of which were home kept, 7 were street dogs and 11 of unknown origin. The most significant necropsy findings concerned the inflammatory and necrotic processes of the gastrointestinal tract. The histopathological changes were mainly located in the kidneys, stomach, intestines and the lungs.

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Hoey, Seamus E., Brianne L. Heder, Scott J. Hetzel, and Kenneth R. Waller. "Use of computed tomography for measurement of kidneys in dogs without renal disease." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 248, no. 3 (February 2016): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.248.3.282.

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Groman, Reid P., Anne Bahr, Brian R. Berridge, and George E. Lees. "Effects of serial ultrasound-guided renal biopsies on kidneys of healthy adolescent dogs." Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound 45, no. 1 (January 2004): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04010.x.

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Buckweitz, Sandra, Steve Kleiboeker, Katia Marioni, Jose Ramos-Vara, Audrey Rottinghaus, Brooke Schwabenton, and Gayle Johnson. "Serological, Reverse Transcriptase–Polymerase Chain Reaction, and Immunohistochemical Detection of West Nile Virus in a Clinically Affected Dog." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 15, no. 4 (July 2003): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870301500404.

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Necropsy of an older dog submitted for evaluation of renal and central nervous system disease revealed histologic lesions compatible with West Nile viral encephalitis and myocarditis, as seen in other species. Using reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction detection of envelope sequences, viral RNA was detected in most organs, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that at least 1,000 times more RNA was present in kidney than in brain, heart, spleen, or lung. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the kidney revealed intense staining of West Nile viral antigens in renal tubular epithelium and casts located within multifocal granulomatous interstitial inflammation. A canine immunoglobulin M (IgM)–capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed, and patient serum was strongly positive for viral antibody. Retrospective and ongoing evaluation of sera from dogs with neurological disease and of those submitted for heartworm testing detected 4 dogs that were subclinically infected but without additional sickness. Judged by this experience, the kidney of West Nile virus–infected dogs may be an important target organ, one that might be suitable for antemortem biopsy. The presence of virus-specific IgM was demonstrated in the serum of this dog, and finding 4 positives among 169 additional canine sera received since late July 2002 suggests that seroconversion appears to be relatively uncommon in dogs during the outbreak in Missouri.

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Rissi, Daniel R., and Cathy A. Brown. "Diagnostic features in 10 naturally occurring cases of acute fatal canine leptospirosis." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 26, no. 6 (October 1, 2014): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638714553293.

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The current report describes the diagnostic features in 10 cases of acute fatal canine leptospirosis with minimal renal and hepatic changes that may present a diagnostic challenge for the pathologist. Most affected dogs were less than 6 months of age and had a biochemical profile consistent with hepatorenal dysfunction. Clinical signs consisted of vomiting, depression, icterus, dehydration, diarrhea, and anorexia. All dogs died or were humanely euthanized within 3–7 days after the onset of clinical disease. Necropsy findings included pulmonary edema with hemorrhages, icterus, renal and hepatic pallor and swelling, and gastric edema with hemorrhage. Despite severe azotemia, histological changes in the kidneys were subtle in all dogs, and included mild renal tubular simplification, with single-cell necrosis and attenuation, along with minimal interstitial lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, edema, and hemorrhage. Hepatic lesions included scattered hepatocellular single-cell necrosis and hepatocellular dissociation. Prominent extrarenal lesions typically associated with uremia including vascular fibrinoid necrosis in multiple organs, pulmonary mineralization with occasional fibrinosuppurative exudation, and gastric mineralization were also present. Postmortem diagnostic confirmation was based on the detection of leptospiral antigen on fresh renal samples by fluorescent antibody test and on the demonstration of intact spirochetes in sections of kidneys using immunohistochemical staining. Acute fatal canine leptospirosis occurred as a fulminant hepatorenal disease affecting mainly young dogs, and the diagnosis was dependent on the recognition of the subtle renal changes with confirmation via fluorescent antibody testing or immunohistochemical staining.

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Scanziani, E., L. Crippa, Anna M. Giusti, M. Luini, Maria L. Pacciarini, Silvia Tagliabue, and E. Cavalletti. "Leptospira interrogans serovar sejroe infection in a group of laboratory dogs." Laboratory Animals 29, no. 3 (July 1, 1995): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367795781088261.

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Interstitial nephritis was seen histologically in 19 (59%) out of 32 pure-breed beagle dogs (16 males and 16 females) subjected to standard safety tests. In these animals no clinical abnormalities were observed and all the tested parameters (haematology, biochemistry and urine analysis) were within the normal ranges. Leptospiral antibody titres ranging from 1:100 to 1:6400, against a serovar ( hardio) belonging to the Sejroe serogroup, were detected by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) in the serum of the 19 dogs with interstitial nephritis. All animals without renal lesions were seronegative. Leptospiral antigen was detected immunohistochemically in the kidneys of 4 dogs; leptospires were detected in Warthin-Starry stained sections of one dog. Leptospires were isolated from the kidneys of 3 of the 4 dogs examined by bacterial culture. The isolated strains were typed as serovar sejroe by restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blot hybridization analysis of their DNA. It was concluded that Leptospira interrogans serovar sejroe, was responsible for an asymptomatic chronic renal infection which was widespread in this group of laboratory dogs.

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YABUKI, Akira, Yu FURUSAWA, Noriaki MIYOSHI, Kazuyuki TANIGUCHI, and Osamu YAMATO. "Expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and renin in dysplastic kidneys of young dogs." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 83, no. 5 (2021): 837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.21-0074.

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Cho, Seung-Hee, Byung-Joon Seung, Soo-Hyeon Kim, Ha-Young Lim, Gyu-Seok Lee, Mi-Suk Chae, and Jung-Hyang Sur. "Renal interstitial cell tumor in a dog: clinicopathologic, imaging, and histologic features." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 32, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719897585.

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Renal interstitial cell tumors are benign tumors of renomedullary origin; however, malignant features have not been reported in dogs, to our knowledge. A 17-y-old spayed female Maltese dog was presented to a local animal hospital with a mass in the right abdomen. Clinicopathologic findings prior to surgery revealed renal insufficiency and anemia. Imaging revealed that the right kidney was enlarged by an amorphous mass with opaque areas, indicative of mineralization. Upon histologic examination, the mass was comprised of malignant mesenchymal cells that produced mucinous matrix. The tumor cells were positive for vimentin and COX-2, but negative for pancytokeratin; the matrix stained positively with alcian blue. Therefore, the mass was diagnosed as a renal interstitial cell tumor, with malignant features. COX-2 may be useful in the diagnosis of canine renal interstitial cell tumors, similar to its diagnostic role in humans.

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Yau, Wilson, Lisa Mausbach, Meryl P. Littman, Rachel E. Cianciolo, and Cathy A. Brown. "Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in Related Miniature Schnauzer Dogs." Veterinary Pathology 55, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985817736356.

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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) recently has been recognized as a common cause of proteinuria in dogs in general, and in Miniature Schnauzer dogs in particular. This study describes the morphologic features present in the kidneys of 8 related proteinuric Miniature Schnauzer dogs. The FSGS, characterized by solidification of portions of the capillary tuft, affected 32% to 49% of examined glomeruli in these dogs. Synechiae, often accompanied by hyalinosis, were present in 13% to 54% of glomeruli and were more prevalent in older dogs. Seven of 8 dogs had arteriolar hyalinosis. Ultrastructurally, all dogs had evidence of a podocytopathy in the absence of electron-dense deposits, glomerular basement membrane splitting, or fibrils. All dogs had multifocal to extensive podocyte foot process effacement. Other podocyte changes included microvillous transformation, the presence of vacuoles or protein resorption droplets, cytoplasmic electron-dense aggregates, and occasional binucleation. Variable amounts of intraglomerular lipid were present in all dogs. All dogs were proteinuric, with measured values for the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio ranging from 1.2 to 6.5. Azotemia was mild to absent and dogs were euthanatized at 5.1 to 14 years of age, in all cases due to nonrenal diseases. The underlying cause of FSGS in these Miniature Schnauzer dogs has yet to be determined, but contributors likely include genetic podocytopathy, lipid abnormalities, and glomerular hypertension.

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Rumbeiha, Wilson K., W. Emmett Braselton, Raymond F. Nachreiner, and Kent R. Refsal. "The Postmortem Diagnosis of Cholecalciferol Toxicosis: A Novel Approach and Differentiation from Ethylene Glycol Toxicosis." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12, no. 5 (September 2000): 426–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870001200506.

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The objectives of this study were to develop a novel approach to postmortem diagnosis of cholecalciferol (CCF) toxicosis in dogs using kidney, bile, and urine samples, and to differentiate CCF from ethylene glycol (EG) toxicosis. To achieve these objectives, specimens collected from 2 previous laboratory studies in which dogs were given a single oral toxic dose of CCF (8.0 mg/kg) were used. For EG toxicosis, historical data from the previous 13 years (1985–1998) were reviewed and confirmed cases of EG toxicosis were selected. The historical data were used to compare trace mineral concentrations, specifically of calcium and phosphorus to differentiate between intoxications caused by CCF from that caused by EG in dogs. Kidneys, bile, and urine from dogs that died of CCF toxicosis were analyzed for 25 monohydroxy vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and compared to known control unexposed dogs. Results of this study show that biliary and renal 25(OH)D3 concentrations and renal calcium to phosphorus ratio are of diagnostic value in dogs exposed to toxic concentrations of CCF. The renal calcium to phosphorus ratio was <0.1 in normal dogs, 0.4–0.9 in dogs that died of CCF toxicosis, and >2.5 in dogs that died of EG toxicosis.

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Lee, Sungok, Joohyun Jung, Jinhwa Chang, Junghee Yoon, and Mincheol Choi. "Evaluation of triphasic helical computed tomography of the kidneys in clinically normal dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 72, no. 3 (March 2011): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.72.3.345.

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Serrano, Gonçalo, Dominique Paepe, Tim Williams, and Penny Watson. "Increased canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) and 1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-(6′-methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase in dogs with evidence of portal hypertension and normal pancreatic histology: a pilot study." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 33, no. 3 (April 2, 2021): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10406387211003987.

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The clinical presentations of both liver disease and pancreatitis are nonspecific and overlapping, which may cause difficulty in diagnosis. In our retrospective pilot study, we assessed whether dogs with evidence of portal hypertension and absence of pancreatitis on pancreatic histology have increases in canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) and 1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-(6′-methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase. We included dogs that had been presented between 2008 and 2019 if they had normal pancreatic histology, histologically confirmed hepatopathy, and if canine pancreas-specific lipase (Spec cPL; Idexx) or DGGR lipase had been measured. Only dogs with portal hypertension were included. Six dogs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four of 6 and 2 of 6 dogs had Spec cPL and DGGR lipase exceeding the upper reference limit, respectively. From the 4 dogs with increased Spec cPL, 2 had concentrations of 200–400 µg/L and 2 had concentrations ≥ 400 µg/L. Our results suggest that canine portal hypertension might lead to increased Spec cPL and DGGR lipase values in the absence of pancreatitis on histology. Until more evidence in a larger number of dogs with portal hypertension is available, both tests should be interpreted cautiously in the presence of portal hypertension.

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Soares, M. J. V., J. R. E. Moraes, and F. R. Moraes. "Renal involvement in canine leishmaniasis: a morphological and immunohistochemical study." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 61, no. 4 (August 2009): 785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352009000400004.

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IgG and IgM deposits in kidneys of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were studied in 25 symptomatic dogs (case) and 15 asymptomatic dogs (control) by an immunohistochemical method. All tested dogs were positive for VL by polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and indirect immunofluorescence test. Kidney fragments were submitted to immunohistochemical reaction. Many morphological patterns of distribution of subendothelial granules were identified for IgG and IgM in glomerular capillaries: global, segmental, diffuse, or focal. Intensity of immunohistochemical reaction to IgG was not significantly different when comparing the symptomatic and the asymptomatic animal groups by Fisher's exact test. IgM reactions were significantly different between groups (P<0.01). Deposits of IgM on mesangial cells and in inflammatory interstitial infiltrate were rarely seen, although IgG reactions were frequent at these sites. This study concluded that immunohistochemical reactions for IgM were more intense than those observed for IgG in canine VL, and these reactions were characterized by distribution of subendothelial granules in glomerular capillaries.

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Rajathi, S. "The Histology of the Trachea in Dogs." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i4.1634.

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The trachea was collected from apparently normal six adult dogs of spitz breed aged between 2-4 years of age from the post-mortem of the Veterinary Pathology department. The aim of the study was to observe the histological details of the trachea in the spitz breed of dogs. The tracheal wall consisted of the mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage, and adventitia. Tracheal mucosa was lined by a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with mucous secreting goblet cell and basal cells. Lamina propria was made up of loose connective tissue and contained some alveolar mucous glands. Muscularis mucosa was a thin layer with smooth muscle fibers arranged in a dispersed manner. The submucosa contained loose connective tissue with numerous mucous secreting tubule – acinar submucosal gland and was found related to the perichondrium of cartilaginous rings. The dense fibroelastic tissue was found between the cartilaginous rings. The cartilaginous rings were flattened in cross-section. Thin tunica adventitia of loose connective tissue and covered the cartilaginous rings. Trachealis muscle was found.

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26

Máthé, Á., M. Dobos-Kovács, and K. Vörös. "Histological and ultrastructural studies of renal lesions in Babesia canis infected dogs treated with imidocarb." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 55, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.55.2007.4.10.

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Histological and electron microscopic examinations of the kidneys of 8 dogs suffering from fatal, naturally acquired Babesia canis infection and nephropathy are presented. Seven animals were treated with imidocarb dipropionate on average 4.5 days prior to death. Severe anaemia was present only in 2 cases. Degenerative histological changes observed mostly in the proximal convoluted tubules included vacuolar-hydropic degeneration, necrosis and detachment of renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells from the basement membrane. Necrotic debris occasionally formed acidophilic casts within the tubules. In some cases, necrosis of the whole tubule was observed. Haemoglobin casts in the tubules and haemoglobin droplets in RTE cells seldom appeared. No significant histological changes were seen in the glomeruli. Ultrastructural lesions in RTE cells included nuclear membrane hyperchromatosis, karyopyknosis, karyolysis, swelling or collapse of mitochondria with fragmentation of cristae and vacuolar-hydropic degeneration in the endoplasmic reticulum and microvilli. Nuclear oedema was also observed. Many RTE cells exhibiting necrosis collapsed. Vacuolar-hydropic degeneration and necrosis were also observed in the glomerular and interstitial capillary endothelium. The severe acute tubular necrosis described in this study is probably the result of hypoxic renal injury. Systemic hypotension leading to vasoconstriction in the kidneys might be the most important cause of renal hypoxia in B. canis infections, but anaemia may also contribute to inadequate oxygenation. Imidocarb should be applied with caution in patients with possible renal involvement until further data become available on its potential nephrotoxicity in dogs.

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27

Maniscalco, Lorella, Katia Varello, Simona Zoppi, Giuseppina Abbamonte, Marta Ferrero, Elena Torres, Federica Ostorero, Francesca Rossi, and Elena Bozzetta. "Abnormal Prothrombin (PIVKA-II) Expression in Canine Tissues as an Indicator of Anticoagulant Poisoning." Animals 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 2612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092612.

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PIVKA-II is an aberrant form of vitamin K that has been demonstrated to be increased in human coagulation disorders and in some neoplastic diseases. In veterinary medicine, PIVKA-II levels have been demonstrated to be useful for distinguishing anticoagulant poisoning from other coagulopathies. In forensic pathology, there is the need to distinguish malicious poisoning from other causes of death and, in some cases, identifying poisoned dogs from dogs that died as a result of other coagulative disorders can be challenging. In this study, dogs that suddenly died underwent necropsy, histological examination, and toxicological analysis to establish cause of death. PIVKA-II immunohistochemical expression was evaluated on hepatic and renal tissues, and on neoplastic lesions when present. A total of 61 dogs were analyzed and anticoagulant substances were identified in 16 of the 61. Immunolabelling for PIVKA-II was observed in 27 of 61 cases in the liver and in 24 of 61 cases in the kidneys. Among the poisoned dogs, the PIVKA-II expression was present in the liver in 15 of 16 cases and in the kidneys in 16 of 16. Neoplastic lesions represented mainly by haemangiosarcomas were negative. This study highlights how the immunohistochemical expression of PIVKA-II in hepatic and renal tissues can be useful to identify patients with coagulative disorders due to clinical condition or the ingestion of anticoagulants substances.

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Patnaik, A. K., and P. G. Greenlee. "Canine Ovarian Neoplasms: A Clinicopathologic Study of 71 Cases, Including Histology of 12 Granulosa Cell Tumors." Veterinary Pathology 24, no. 6 (November 1987): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588702400607.

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In a retrospective study of 71 primary ovarian tumors in the dog, epithelial tumors (46%) were more common than sex cord stromal (34%) and germ cell tumors (20%). There were more adenocarcinomas (64%) than adenomas. Sex cord stromal tumors were equally divided into Sertoli-Leydig (12/24) and granulosa cell tumors (12/24). There were equal numbers (7/14) of dysgerminomas and teratomas among the germ cell tumors. Most teratomas (6/7) were malignant. Most granulosa cell tumors were solid; two were mostly cystic. Patterns included sheets of round and ovoid to spindle-shaped cells separated by thin, fibrovascular stroma; neoplastic cells formed rosettes or Call-Exner bodies. In some areas, neoplastic cells were in cords or columns and formed cyst-like structures. Four granulosa cell tumors were macrofollicular, having cysts lined with granulosa cells. Median ages of dogs with different ovarian neoplasms were similar; all were more than 10 years old, except the dogs with teratoma (mean age, 4 years). Most neoplasms were unilateral (84%), except the Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, many of which were bilateral (36%). Size of ovarian neoplasms varied (2 cm3 to 15,000 cm3). Twenty-nine percent of neoplasms metastasized; adenocarcinomas (48%) and malignant teratomas (50%) had the highest rates, and distant metastasis was more common in malignant teratoma. Endometrial hyperplasia was in 67% of the dogs; it was most common in dogs with sex cord stromal tumors (95%). Uterine malignancy was not seen in dogs with granulosa cell tumors, although hyperplastic endometrium was in all dogs with this tumor. Cysts in the contralateral ovaries were most common in dogs with sex cord stromal tumors.

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29

Uzal, Francisco A., Birgit Puschner, John M. Tahara, and Robert W. Nordhausen. "Gossypol Toxicosis in a Dog Consequent to Ingestion of Cottonseed Bedding." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 17, no. 6 (November 2005): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870501700622.

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Six dogs died after accidental ingestion of cottonseed bedding. No clinical signs of illness were observed prior to death. A full diagnostic workup was performed on one of these dogs. At necropsy, the lungs were congested and edematous, and the liver was firm, congested, and had a marked reticular pattern. There was also moderate ascites. Histopathologic examination revealed multifocal myocardial degeneration and necrosis, severe pulmonary edema, and chronic passive congestion of the lungs, heart, liver, and kidneys. Transmission electron microscopy of the myocardium revealed disruption of myofibrils, chromatin condensation, and disrupted and swollen mitochondria. The cottonseed bedding contained 1,600 mg/kg of free gossypol, a concentration considered toxic for monogastric animals. The stomach content revealed the presence of gossypol, thus confirming ingestion of cottonseed. Gossypol poisoning in dogs is extremely rare and has not yet been associated with cottonseed bedding. This first documented case of gossypol poisoning in a dog, caused by the ingestion of cottonseed bedding, demonstrates how specific toxicological analysis is crucial in reaching an accurate diagnosis.

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Patnaik, A. K. "Canine Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma and Chondrosarcoma: a Clinicopathologic Study of 14 Cases." Veterinary Pathology 27, no. 1 (January 1990): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589002700107.

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Canine extraskeletal osteosarcomas are extremely rare tumors. Over a period of 25 years at the Animal Medical Center, approximately 1,000 cases of skeletal osteosarcomas have been diagnosed. During the same period 11 cases of extraskeletal osteosarcomas and three extraskeletal chondrosarcomas were diagnosed. Tumors of the mammary gland were excluded. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas were found in the adrenal gland, eye, gastric ligament, ileum, kidney, liver, spleen, testicle, and vagina. The chondrosarcomas were found in the mitral valves, lungs, and omentum. The mean age of the dogs with extraskeletal osteosarcoma was 11 years, and the mean age of the dogs with extraskeletal chondrosarcoma was 14 years. The sizes of the tumors ranged from 3 cubic centimeters to 8,315 cubic centimeters. Osteoblastic osteosarcomas were the most common histologic type (7/11, 63.6%); there was a single case of each of the following: fibroblastic, fibrous histiocytic, chondroblastic, and mixed osteo-chondroblastic osteosarcoma. Two of the dogs with chondrosarcomas had mesenchymal chondrosarcomas involving the lungs and omentum. The remaining dog had a regular chondrosarcoma involving the mitral valve. Distant metastases were present in seven of 11 dogs with extraskeletal osteosarcoma and in none of the dogs with chondrosarcoma. In contrast to human beings, in which most extraskeletal osteosarcomas occur in the soft tissues and the extremities, most canine extraskeletal osteosarcomas develop in the visceral organs.

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31

Ferri, F., E. Zini, E. Auriemma, M. Castagnaro, L. M. Coppola, A. Peano, V. Martella, N. Decaro, P. Kuhnert, and S. Ferro. "Splenitis in 33 Dogs." Veterinary Pathology 54, no. 1 (July 11, 2016): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985816653989.

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Splenitis is uncommonly reported in dogs. Herein, the authors describe its prevalence, clinical findings and outcomes, histologic patterns, and causes. Splenic samples of dogs diagnosed with splenitis between 2005 and 2013 were collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Gram, green-Gram, Giemsa, periodic acid–Schiff, and Ziehl-Neelsen. Samples were processed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect bacteria, fungi, and protozoa ( Leishmania infantum, Hepatozoon canis). Thirty-three of 660 splenic samples (5%) had splenitis. Clinical findings and outcomes were available in 19 dogs (58%); 49% had weakness, 33% had fever, and 84% survived. The most frequent inflammatory patterns included purulent splenitis (27%), pyogranulomatous splenitis (24%), and neutrophilic perisplenitis (15%). One dog had a putative diagnosis of primary splenitis; in 8 dogs, microorganisms were identified histologically or by PCR in the spleen without obvious comorbidities. Twenty-four dogs (73%) had concurrent diseases; a permissive role in the development of splenitis was suspected in 21 of these cases. Histologic examination identified the cause of splenitis in 10 dogs. Bacteria were identified by PCR in 23 cases, but the bacteria were confirmed histologically in only 6 of these. Leishmania was detected with PCR in 6 dogs. Leishmania was identified in 1 dog and H. canis in another histologically, but both were PCR negative. Fungi were identified in 8 spleens by PCR and in 1 by histology. This study suggests that splenitis is uncommon in dogs and is frequently associated with systemic diseases. Prognosis is favorable in most cases. Identification of bacteria, fungi, and protozoa in the spleens of affected dogs with PCR should be interpreted cautiously, because the findings are not confirmed histologically in many cases.

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Le Roux, Alexandre B., L. Abbigail Granger, Nobuko Wakamatsu, Michael T. Kearney, and Lorrie Gaschen. "EX VIVO CORRELATION OF ULTRASONOGRAPHIC SMALL INTESTINAL WALL LAYERING WITH HISTOLOGY IN DOGS." Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound 57, no. 5 (July 5, 2016): 534–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vru.12392.

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33

Boulineau, Theresa Marie, Lydia Andrews-Jones, and William Van Alstine. "Spontaneous Aortic Dissecting Hematoma in Two Dogs." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 17, no. 5 (September 2005): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870501700518.

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This report describes 2 cases of spontaneous aortic dissecting hematoma in young Border Collie and Border Collie crossbred dogs. Histology was performed in one of the cases involving an unusual splitting of the elastin present within the wall of the aorta, consistent with elastin dysplasia as described in Marfan syndrome in humans. The first case involved a young purebred Border Collie that died suddenly and the second case involved a Border Collie crossbred dog that died after a 1-month history of seizures. Gross lesions included pericardial tamponade with dissection of the ascending aorta in the former case and thoracic cavity hemorrhage, mediastinal hematoma, and aortic dissection in the latter. Histologic lesions in the case of the Border Collie crossbred dog included a dissecting hematoma of the ascending aorta with elastin dysplasia and right axillary arterial intimal proliferation.

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34

Zuchi, Tainá Luana Vieira Lopes, Cláudia Luana Lopatini, Júlia Balena Spricigo, Felipe Augusto Ruiz Sueiro, and Joice Lara Maia Faria. "Arare bone metastasis of mammary carcinoma in a female dog: case report." Acta Veterinaria Brasilica 14, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21708/avb.2020.14.4.9419.

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Mammary gland tumors are the most frequent neoplasm in dogs and are mostly malignant. Metastases ordinarily occur firstly at the pulmonary level, and subsequently in the lymph nodes, liver and kidneys. Less frequently, they appear at the bone. Therefore, the present study report a case of bone metastasis in a seven-year-old female boxer dog, consisting of poorly differentiated carcinoma that probably originated from mammary carcinoma. For the diagnosis, the bone biopsy was performed and the tissue fragmentsobtained were sent for histopathological examination. The positive immunohistochemical stain for cytokeratin 7 performed later reinforced the hypothesis that mammary carcinoma was the primary site of metastasis. The occurrences of bone metastases arising from the mammary gland are rare among dogs, possibly because metastasis is underdiagnosed and the animals do not reach the final stage of the disease. Thereby, there is a need to investigate the entire skeleton more accurately, in order to make an early diagnosis of bone metastasis and increase these animals’ survival.

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35

Brown, Cathy A., Daniel R. Rissi, Vanna M. Dickerson, Anastacia M. Davis, Scott A. Brown, and Chad W. Schmiedt. "Chronic Renal Changes After a Single Ischemic Event in an Experimental Model of Feline Chronic Kidney Disease." Veterinary Pathology 56, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985819837721.

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Previous work demonstrated renal fibrosis 70 days after a single unilateral in vivo renal ischemic event, but changes associated with a single episode of renal ischemia past this time are unknown. In this study, we evaluated renal function and structural changes 6 months after a 90-minute in vivo unilateral renal ischemic event. Six adult female cats underwent unilateral renal ischemia and renal function was followed for 6 months, at which time the kidneys were evaluated by histology and histomorphometry. Over time, there was a significant reduction in the glomerular filtration rate and an elevation of serum creatinine of 31% and 42%, respectively. All cats had tubulointerstitial lesions characterized by segmental interstitial inflammation, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. Unlike short-term studies, ischemic kidneys had variable numbers of obsolescent glomeruli, consistent with the development of atubular glomeruli and subsequent ischemic glomerulosclerosis. Chronic changes associated with acute renal ischemia may include loss of function and glomerulosclerosis.

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36

Jolly, R. D., A. C. Johnstone, E. J. Norman, J. J. Hopwood, and S. U. Walkley. "Pathology of Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA in Huntaway Dogs." Veterinary Pathology 44, no. 5 (September 2007): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.44-5-569.

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Dogs with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIA were bred within an experimental colony. As part of characterizing them as a model for testing therapeutic strategies for the analogous disease of children, a pathologic study was undertaken. By histology, there were variably stained storage cytosomes within neurons, including many that stained for gangliosides. On ultrastructure examination, these cytosomes contained either moderately dense granular material, tentatively interpreted as precipitated glycosaminoglycan; a variety of multilaminar bodies, interpreted as being associated with secondary accumulation of gangliosides; or a mixture of both types. In the liver, storage vesicles also contained excess glycogen as a secondary storage product. In various tissues, there were large foamy macrophages. In the brain, many of these were in juxtaposition with neurons, and, on ultrastructure examination, they contained storage cytosomes similar to those in neurons. However, the neuron in association with such a macrophage frequently showed little such material.

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Rappeti, Josaine Cristina da Silva, Carolina Siqueira Mascarenhas, Soliane Carra Perera, Gertrud Müller, Fabiane Borelli Grecco, Luísa Mariano Cerqueira da Silva, Carolina da Fonseca Sapin, Stella Falkenberg Rausch, and Marlete Brum Cleff. "Dioctophyme renale (Nematoda: Enoplida) in domestic dogs and cats in the extreme south of Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 26, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612016072.

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Abstract Dioctophyme renale is a zoonotic nematode that parasites the kidneys of wild and domestic carnivores, and it has been reported frequently in Brazil. The aim here was to register the number of cases of dogs and cats diagnosed with dioctophymosis by necropsy (1981 to 2014) and ultrasound examination (2010 to 2015) in Pelotas-RS. In this context, a survey was conducted on dioctophymosis cases diagnosed at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory (LPV) and Veterinary Clinical Hospital (HCV) of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), and at a specialist veterinary imaging diagnostics clinic. In total, 95 cases were registered. The high series of the disease in dogs can be related to the presence of a large number of stray and semi-domestic dogs in the city, and also due to the ingestion of intermediate hosts of D. renale parasitized with the infective larvae. Thus, it can be concluded that Pelotas is a city with favorable conditions for the occurrence of dioctophymosis with high rate of disease in recent years.

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Thornburg, Larry P. "A Perspective on Copper and Liver Disease in the Dog." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12, no. 2 (March 2000): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870001200201.

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Copper is a ubiquitous trace metal necessary for normal function of a variety of cellular proteins. Intracellular copper metabolism is complex, and only a few of the proteins/genes involved are known. Copper deficiency does not appear to be a clinical problem in dogs. Excess copper accumulation in the liver as a cause of hepatitis and cirrhosis was first demonstrated among Bedlington terriers. Subsequently, copper accumulation in the liver has been shown to occur in several other breeds of dogs. Excess hepatic copper has been found in dogs with normal liver histology, dogs with hepatitis, and dogs with end stage cirrhosis. Evidence is accumulating that copper is a cause of liver disease in breeds of dogs other than Bedlington terriers. Moreover, as more data are accumulated, the copper storage disease appears to have characteristics that are very similar among all of the affected breeds.

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Petrovsky, Brian, Allyson C. Berent, Chick W. Weisse, Erinne Branter, Demetrius H. Bagley, and Kenneth E. Lamb. "Endoscopic nephrolithotomy for the removal of complicated nephroliths in dogs and cats: 16 kidneys in 12 patients (2005–2017)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 255, no. 3 (August 2019): 352–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.255.3.352.

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Cavalera, Maria Alfonsa, Floriana Gernone, Annamaria Uva, Paola D’Ippolito, Xavier Roura, and Andrea Zatelli. "Clinical and Histopathological Features of Renal Maldevelopment in Boxer Dogs: A Retrospective Case Series (1999–2018)." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 13, 2021): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030810.

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Renal maldevelopment (RM) has been proposed to replace the old and sometimes misused term “renal dysplasia” in dogs. Although renal dysplasia has been described in Boxers, hereditary transmission has only been hypothesized. This study reports clinical and renal histological findings in Boxer dogs with RM, proposing a possible mode of inheritance. Medical records of 9 female Boxer dogs, older than 5 months and with a clinical diagnosis of chronic kidney disease prior to one year of age, were retrospectively reviewed. Polyuria and polydipsia (PU/PD), decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy and weakness were described in all affected dogs. Common laboratory findings were proteinuria, diluted urine, non-regenerative anemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia. Histopathology of the kidneys revealed the presence of immature glomeruli in all dogs, which is consistent with RM. In 7 related dogs, the pedigree analysis showed that a simple autosomal recessive trait may be a possible mode of inheritance. Renal maldevelopment should be suspected in young Boxer dogs with a history of PU/PD, decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy, weakness and proteinuria. Due to its possible inheritance, an early diagnosis of RM may allow clinicians to promptly identify other potentially affected dogs among the relatives of the diagnosed case.

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Dambach, D. M., C. A. Smith, R. M. Lewis, and T. J. Van Winkle. "Morphologic, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Characterization of a Distinctive Renal Lesion in Dogs Putatively Associated with Borrelia burgdorferi Infection: 49 Cases (1987-1992)." Veterinary Pathology 34, no. 2 (March 1997): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589703400201.

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A distinctive renal lesion consisting of glomerulonephritis, diffuse tubular necrosis with regeneration, and interstitial inflammation was found in 49 biopsy/necropsy cases obtained from 1987 to 1992. This lesion is manifested clinically as a rapidly progressive glomerular disease that was uniformily fatal. Immunemediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis predominated (43/49, 88%). Membranous glomerulonephritis (5/49, 10%) and amyloidosis (1/49, 2%) were also noted. Subendothelial deposits, IgG, IgM, and C3 were present along glomerular basement membranes. IgA was absent. The exact cause of the tubular necrosis is unknown. Affected dogs were significantly younger (5.6 ± 2.6 years) than dogs with other forms of glomerulonephritis (7.1 ± 3.6 years) and amyloidosis (7.8 ± 3.5 years) both in the studied population for the same period and in the reported canine population. Labrador and Golden retrievers were 6.4 and 4.9 times more likely, respectively, to develop this lesion. This is the first report of a breed predilection for spontaneous canine glomerulonephritis. Previous reports have associated this lesion with Borrelia burgdorferi exposure. All dogs in this study were from Lyme disease-endemic areas. Of 18 dogs serologically tested, all were positive for exposure. Silver stain examination of kidneys revealed rare spirochetes, suggesting that the presence of spirochetes in the kidney is apparently unrelated to lesion development. The role of vaccination in development of the renal lesion is undetermined. The association of this histologically and clinically unique lesion, Lyme nephritis, with Borrelia burgdorferi infection is significant because it is the only fatal form of canine Lyme borreliosis.

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MARTIG, SANDRA, JULIE BOISCLAIR, MARTIN KONAR, DAVID SPRENG, and JOHANN LANG. "MRI CHARACTERISTICS AND HISTOLOGY OF BONE MARROW LESIONS IN DOGS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED OSTEOARTHRITIS." Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound 48, no. 2 (March 2007): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00213.x.

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43

Newman, S. J., J. M. Steiner, K. Woosley, L. Barton, and D. A. Williams. "Correlation of Age and Incidence of Pancreatic Exocrine Nodular Hyperplasia in the Dog." Veterinary Pathology 42, no. 4 (July 2005): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.42-4-510.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of pancreatic nodular hyperplasia (NH) and its relation to age in the dog. A total of 101 dogs were enrolled. The pancreas was evaluated by histology and hyperplastic lesions were detected and scored. Age was recorded from the medical records. Correlation of age with inflammation and presence of hyperplastic lesions was evaluated. Of the 101 dogs, 81 (80.2%) had evidence of NH. Twenty-five of the 101 dogs did not have evidence of pancreatic inflammation, necrosis, and/or fibrosis, 17 (68.0%) of which had evidence of NH. Mean ± SD age in dogs with NH was significantly higher compared with dogs without NH (9.5 ± 3.4 years versus 3.4 ± 3.3; p-value < 0.0001). We conclude that NH is a common pathologic lesion in dogs and shows a positive correlation with age regardless of the presence or absence of pancreatic inflammation, necrosis, or fibrosis.

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Satskevich, V. Y., A. G. Mamatova, A. S. Rykhlov, and M. A. Kucheryavenkov. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF KIDNEYS AND HEART ECHOGRAMS IN DOGS WITH ENDOMETRITIS AND CATS WITH PYOMETRA." Scientific Life 15, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 1270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2020-15-9-1270-1277.

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According to the data provided by the Veterinary Hospital of the Saratov State Agrarian University, in the cities of Saratov, Balakovo and Engels, renal and heart failure in patients with endometritis and cats with pyometra were registered in 26.8-34.5% of all surveyed domestic animals. The results of abdominal echography, made by sick cats with pyometra and dogs with endometritis, showed the presence of renal failure of the following types: – 92.9% – glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis; – 2.4% – focal diseases (cysts); in 4.7% – hydronephrosis. In this group of animals with pathologies were identified: – pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis in 81.3%; – pathologies of a focal nature (cysts, masses) – in 4.0%; – pathologies of a hereditary nature – in 3.1%; – pathology of the collecting system, incl. hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis in 10.7% and 0.9% of sick dogs and cats, respectively. Echographically, the signs of heart failure (pericarditis, endcardiosis) are fairly objectively detected in 60.6% of the examined patients with endometritis and in 73.5% of patients with pyometra. Moreover, the combination of renal and heart failure in sick dogs and cats is recorded in 56.79% of cases. In inflammatory diseases in dogs in this case with endometritis and cats with pyometra in acute form, ultrasound shows: an increase in size (especially dorsoventral); the contours of the kidneys are indistinct; cortico-medullary differentiation is weak; the thickness of the parenchyma is heterogeneous and uneven, the collecting system of the kidneys is expanded. Echographically, the signs of heart disease and heart failure are quite objectively detected (pericarditis – 23.97%, endcardiosis – 16.83%, arrhythmias of various origins – 44.2% and other diseases of the heart and vascular system – 14.0%), in 60, 6% of the examined sick dogs with endometritis and 73.5% of sick cats with pyometra. Moreover, the combination in sick dogs and cats of renal and heart failure is recorded in 56.79% of cases.

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Cardoso, Paula G. S., Marcela P. R. Pinto, Ludmila R. Moroz, Thanielle N. Fontes, Rosilane S. Santos, Júlia L. Freitas, Vivian A. Nogueira, and Tiago C. Peixoto. "Dystrophic mineralization in uremic dogs: an update." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39, no. 11 (November 2019): 889–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6250.

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ABSTRACT: Pathological mineralization is the abnormal deposition of minerals in body tissues, previously injured or not. In these lesions, in addition to calcium, other minerals can be found at lower concentrations. Classically, mineralization is divided into two types: dystrophic and metastatic. However, currently, there is no consensus among researchers on the type of mineralization that occurs in uremic dogs. The objective of this study was to elucidate the type of pathological mineralization that occurs in dogs with uremic syndrome through the correlation of biochemical examinations with gross and histopathological changes, given the existence of controversial information on this theme in the specialized literature. The Shapiro-Wilk, D’Agostino and Pearson tests were used to evaluate data normality distribution, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to compare the data between more than two groups. Additionally, the Dunnett’s multiple comparison test was used in the comparison between the Control Group (CG) and the Experimental Groups (G1, G2, and G3). Serum levels of urea, creatinine, total and ionized calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus product (CPP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and albumin of 40 azotemic dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were evaluated. Dogs were categorized by degree of azotemia (mild, moderate, and severe). Ionized hypocalcemia was observed in 97.5% (39/40) of the dogs, and no animals presented ionized hypercalcemia. Hyperphosphatemia was frequent (62.5%), especially in dogs with severe azotemia. PTH concentration increased with progression of azotemia, and high PTH levels were verified in 100% of the dogs with severe azotemia. CPP >60mg2/dl2 was observed in 75% (30/40) of the dogs. Of the 29 dogs that died during the study period, 16 were necropsied. Soft tissue mineralization was observed in 93.7% (15/16) of these dogs at gross and histopathological evaluation (HE and Von Kossa), regardless of the degree of azotemia, in nine organs/tissues: kidneys (75%), lungs (50%), stomach (31.2%), heart (25%), larynx (25%), intercostal muscles (25%), aorta (6.2%), intestines (6.2%), and tongue (6.2%). In one animal, the serosa of all segments of the small intestine showed whitish, rough, irregular, multifocal plaques of varying sizes, confirmed by histopathology as dystrophic mineralization of the longitudinal outer muscular layer, which presented necrosis of coagulation and of the intestinal serosa. This intestinal lesion has not been described in dogs with uremic syndrome to date. In conclusion, the laboratory and histopathologic data previously described, especially regarding tissue and vascular mineralization, which occur in association with previous degenerative/necrotic lesions in the absence of hypercalcemia in dogs with CKD, assist with clarifying inconsistencies found in the existing literature. Therefore, conceptually, mineralization that occurs in uremic dogs should be considered dystrophic.

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KALDRYMIDOU (Ε. ΚΑΛΔΡΥΜΙΔΟΥ), E., B. PSYCHAS (Β. ΨΥΧΑΣ), Th POUTAHIDIS (Θ. ΠΟΥΤΑΧΙΔΗΣ), N. PAPAIOANNOU (Ν. ΠΑΠΑΪΩΑΝΝΟΥ), and Z. POLIZOPOULOU (Ζ. ΠΟΛΥΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ). "Histopathological findings in canine dirofilariosis." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 50, no. 4 (January 31, 2018): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15732.

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The lesions found in ten dogs with severe chronic dirofilariosis were studied. In the lungs, the most significant changes were observed in the endarterium of the pulmonary artery branches. Also, remarkable were the vascular thrombosis and the granulomatous inflammatory response of the pulmonary parenchyma. The presence of severe granulomatous inflammation in the endarterium of the pulmonary artery branches in one dog, is considered significant, because this finding has been reported only in cat In the liver, congestion, intravascular coagulation in the portal system and fibrosis were found. The severity of hepatic lesions was not correlated with the number of adult heartworms found in the posterior vena cava. The kidneys showed mild to moderate membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and intravenus blood coagulation.

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Sapierzyński, R. "Practical aspects of immunocytochemistry in canine lymphomas." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10181-010-0016-1.

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Practical aspects of immunocytochemistry in canine lymphomas The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of immunocytochemistry in a standard veterinary practice and to determine the immunophenotype of tumor cells in cases of multicentric lymphoma in dogs by immunocytochemical analysis of fine-needle biopsy specimens. The study was performed on cytological samples collected from 54 dogs, in which multicentric lymphoma was recognised based on clinical data, cytology or cytology and histology, and follow-up information. Diagnosis of lymphoma was established according to the updated Kiel classification. Immunocytochemical assays were conducted using commercially available antibodies to the pan T-lymphocyte marker CD3 and B cell antigen receptor complex CD79 alpha. Among all animals examined B cell lymphoma was recognized in 42/54 (77.8%) of cases, while in the remaining 12/54 (22.2%) of dogs T cell lymphoma was recognized. In 11 animals with lymphoma recognized cytologically, in which an entire lymph node was obtained for histology, the results of routine cytology and immunocytochemistry fully corresponded with findings revealed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Immunocytochemistry can be successfully conducted in smears stored at room temperature for 24 hours without changes of staining results. It can be stated that application of standard cytopathological assessment in connection with immunocytochemistry of lymph nodes samples collected from dogs with lymphoma is a method of choice for establishing final diagnosis, and avoids the need for reexamination or collection of tissue samples for histopathology and immunohistochemistry during surgical procedures in ambiguous cases.

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Gal, Arnon, Richard K. Burchell, Andrew J. Worth, Nicolas Lopez-Villallobos, Jonathan C. Marshall, and Amy L. MacNeill. "The Site of Bone Marrow Acquisition Affects the Myeloid to Erythroid Ratio in Apparently Healthy Dogs." Veterinary Pathology 55, no. 6 (June 25, 2018): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985818780469.

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Bone marrow (BM) cytology and histopathology are complementary tools used to investigate hematological diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are site-dependent differences in the diagnostic quality, myeloid to erythroid ratio (MER), and discordant findings in samples from different sites in the same dog. Eighteen apparently healthy dogs were used in the study. The sequence of sample acquisition was randomized according to a Latin square, and samples for BM cytology and histology were collected from both humeri and both ilial crests immediately after death. Board-certified clinical and anatomical pathologists read the cytology and histology, respectively. The data were analyzed using a mixed-effect model. The site of BM acquisition did not affect BM sample quality. The rate of discordant clinical findings between sites was 0.05 (95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.13). In general, by cytology, the MERs were slightly but significantly greater in samples from the ilial crests than from the humeri ( P = .01). The measured MER for histology was nearly twice that for cytology for all sites ( P < .001). In conclusion, there was a low-rate, site-dependent discordance in diagnostic findings in BM samples and differences in MER between the ilial crest and the humerus. A similar study is justified in sick dogs with hematological disease to determine the effect of sampling site on discordant findings between sites.

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Meseck, Emily K., Bradley L. Njaa, Nicholas J. Haley, Edward H. Park, and Stephen C. Barr. "Use of a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction to Rapidly Differentiate Neospora Caninum from Toxoplasma Gondii in an Adult Dog with Necrotizing Myocarditis and Myocardial Infarct." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 17, no. 6 (November 2005): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870501700607.

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This report describes a 3-year-old male castrated Mastiff dog that died unexpectedly with locally extensive, acute, necrotizing myocarditis and myocardial infarction. Intralesional protozoal tachyzoites in the affected myocardium were confirmed to be Neospora caninum by a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Protozoal organisms were not identified in other tissues by histology, immunohistochemistry, or PCR. The multiplex PCR assay was used to quickly provide preliminary results on fresh myocardium to differentiate N. caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. Neosporosis is an uncommon cause of myocarditis in adult dogs and differential diagnoses for myocarditis in this population of dogs are reviewed.

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Máthé, Á., K. Vörös, T. Németh, I. Biksi, Cs Hetyey, F. Manczur, and L. Tekes. "Clinicopathological changes and effect of imidocarb therapy in dogs experimentally infected with Babesia canis." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.54.2006.1.3.

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In this study one spleen-intact dog (A) and two splenectomised dogs (BSE, CSE) were infected with Babesia canis. All animals developed an acute disease characterised by fever, haemoglobinuria and anaemia, the latter being more severe in the splenectomised dogs. Fever and parasitised red blood cells were detected for three days after imidocarb treatment in the splenectomised animals. Haematological abnormalities included regenerative anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia (due to neutropenia and lymphopenia) in the acute phase, soon followed by leukocytosis, neutrophilia and left shift a few days later. Acute hepatopathy was detected in all dogs with elevated ALT activity, which was more seriously altered in the splenectomised dogs. Diffuse changes in liver structure and hepatomegaly were seen by ultrasonography. Liver biopsy and histology revealed acute, non-purulent hepatitis in the splenectomised dogs. Both splenectomised dogs were successfully cured after collection of 400 ml highly parasitised blood, proving that large-amount antigen production is possible with rescuing the experimental animals. Whole blood transfusion, imidocarb and supportive care with infusions, antipyretics, glucocorticoids and diuretics were applied. The spleen-intact dog clinically recovered after receiving supportive treatment, with no imidocarb therapy. Microbial infections developed in both splenectomised animals (BSE: haemobartonellosis, CSE: osteomyelitis caused by Escherichia coli), probably as a consequence of immunosuppression after splenectomy and glucocorticoid therapy.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Dogs Kidneys Veterinary histology'

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