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1
Kim, Doh-Khul, Michelle Nguyen, and Kyle Arbet. "Does the Dogs of the Dow Theory Work at the Sectoral Level?" International Journal of Economics and Finance 12, no. 9 (August 5, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v12n9p46.
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One of popular theories in technical analysis is the Dogs of the Dow (DoD) theory. According to this strategy, the average market can be outperformed using 30 firms of Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index. Since DoD was introduced, there have been numerous studies on the validity of the theory. However, only contradicting results have been found, so the research has produced no robust consensus on the theory. In addition, most of the research was performed using aggregate stock market data. The purpose of our research is to determine whether the DoD theory is valid at the sectoral level. We find that returns of top 5 highest dividend-yield firms are higher than average return of each sector. However, the additional returns of those 5 firms are not meaningful enough if we take into account tax on profits and trading costs, which does not validate the DoD theory at the sectoral level.
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Horan, Stephen M. "The ‘Dogs of the Dow’ Myth." CFA Digest 31, no. 1 (February 2001): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v31.n1.841.
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Hirschey, Mark. "The "Dogs of the Dow" Myth." Financial Review 35, no. 2 (May 2000): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.2000.tb01411.x.
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Arora, Anita, Lauren Capp, and Gary Smith. "The Real Dogs of the Dow." Journal of Wealth Management 10, no. 4 (January 31, 2008): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jwm.2008.701852.
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Kim, Doh-Khul. "The Dogs of the Dow Theory – Is It Valid?" International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, no. 5 (April 8, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n5p43.
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The Dogs of the Dow theory has been a popular tool in the financial market. But while the theory is simple, there have been mixed findings on its validity. Using U.S. data from 2000 through 2017, this paper identifies how consistently an investment strategy that follows the Dogs of the Dow theory outperforms the average market. The results show that the theory has not worked well in the recent U.S. market when trading costs and taxes are included. Rather, holding an equally weighted investment of all firms is more likely to outperform the Dow Jones Industrial Average index and the Dogs of the Dow strategy in the long term.
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Sahu, Chinmoy. "Effectiveness of ‘Dogs of the Dow’ Investment Strategy in the Indian Context." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 26, no. 1 (January 2001): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920010106.
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Investors have always yearned for ways to beat the market. In recent years, one popular strategy among American investors involves a portfolio comprising of the ten highest yielding stocks selected from among the 30 stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), one of the most popular stock indices of the US. Such ft portfolio based on the Dow Dividend Strategy (DDS) came to be known as the ‘Dogs of the Dow.’ Portfolio of ‘Dogs of the Dow’ has been found to outperform the Dow on numerous occasions. This paper studies the effectiveness of such a strategy in the Indian context by applying the same strategy to similar stocks in the 30- stock Sensitive Index (Sensex) of Stock Exchange, Mumbai (BSE) and evaluates the performance of ‘Dogs of the Sensex’ portfolio during the late 90s.
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Chong, Terence Tai-Leung, and Kin Keung Luk. "Does the ‘Dogs of the Dow’ strategy work better in blue chips?" Applied Economics Letters 17, no. 12 (July 27, 2010): 1173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17446540902845495.
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Lin, Eric C. "Investment Performance of the "Dogs of the Dow” Strategies: Latest Evidence." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 8, no. 5 (October 2017): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijtef.2017.8.5.570.
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Rinne, Eemeli, and Sami Vähämaa. "The ‘Dogs of the Dow’ strategy revisited: Finnish evidence." European Journal of Finance 17, no. 5-6 (July 2011): 451–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1351847x.2010.544951.
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Mohamad Ghouse, Siti Hajar Nadrah, Noryati Ahmad, and Norhana Salamudin. "Testing of the Dogs of the Dow Theory (DoD) on the Asian Developing Countries." Advanced Science Letters 22, no. 12 (December 1, 2016): 4176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2016.8093.
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Magiera, Frank T. "The Rise and Fall of the ‘Dogs of the Dow,’." CFA Digest 29, no. 4 (November 1999): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v29.n4.598.
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Gazze. "Why the Dogs of the Dow Bark Loudly in China." American Journal of Economics and Business Administration 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2011): 560–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajebasp.2011.560.568.
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Gunawan, Reinandus Aditya. "ANALISIS RETURN SAHAM BERDASARKAN STRATEGI DOGS OF THE DOW PADA IHSG DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Akuntansi 11, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/jara.v11i1.48.
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Every investor is looking to earn positive return on stock investment and they hope to beat the market return. One of the most widely used methods of stock selection is the Dogs of the dow method. This method uses the selection of 10 stocks that have the highest dividend yield as a portfolio formation method. After the formation, the stock portfolio return compared with the return of IHSG as measured by price difference for a year. The result of this study is the fact that of the ten stocks selected each year only the highest dividend shares that can beat the market even though the results are not significant.
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McQueen, Grant, Kay Shields, and Steven R. Thorley. "Does the “Dow-10 Investment Strategy” Beat the Dow Statistically and Economically?" Financial Analysts Journal 53, no. 4 (July 1997): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/faj.v53.n4.2101.
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Da Silva, André L. C. "Empirical tests of the Dogs of the Dow strategy in Latin American stock markets." International Review of Financial Analysis 10, no. 2 (June 2001): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1057-5219(01)00047-3.
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Soomro, Najma, and Muhammad Arshad Haroon. "Comparison of Dog's of the Dow Strategy." Universal Journal of Management 3, no. 3 (March 2015): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujm.2015.030305.
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Siniscalchi, Marcello, Serenella d’Ingeo, Michele Minunno, and Angelo Quaranta. "Communication in Dogs." Animals 8, no. 8 (July 31, 2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8080131.
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Dogs have a vast and flexible repertoire of visual, acoustic, and olfactory signals that allow an expressive and fine tuned conspecific and dog–human communication. Dogs use this behavioural repertoire when communicating with humans, employing the same signals used during conspecific interactions, some of which can acquire and carry a different meaning when directed toward humans. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the latest progress made in the study of dog communication, describing the different nature of the signals used in conspecific (dog–dog) and heterospecific (dog–human) interactions and their communicative meaning. Finally, behavioural asymmetries that reflect lateralized neural patterns involved in both dog–dog and dog–human social communication are discussed.
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Wezel, Annemarie P. "Chemical and biological aspects of ecotoxicological risk assessment of ionizable and neutral organic compounds in fresh and marine waters: a review." Environmental Reviews 6, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a98-007.
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The effects of salinity and pH on the partitioning behaviour and toxicity of ionizable and neutral organics and organotin compounds in aquatic ecosystems are reviewed. The pH and pKa are of importance for the distribution over n-octanol and water (Dow) of ionizable compounds. Dow increases with salinity for ionized organics up to 3 times and for organotins up to 1000 times. Neutral acids partition more strongly to the phospholipids than their ions; however, differences are smaller than for Dow. For dissociated phenols, the distribution over the membrane and water (Dmw) depends on counterion concentration. For pentachlorophenol (PCP) and organotins, the uptake rate constant (k1) for the neutral form is up to a factor 10 higher than for the ion. The formation of ion_counterion pairs at higher salinity does not contribute to a higher uptake rate. The adaptation to salinity does not result in different bioconcentration kinetics. There is no general intrinsic susceptibility difference between salt water and freshwater organisms. For ionized organic acids, an increase in toxicity up to 4 times with decreasing salinity is reported frequently. Differences in pH are important for toxicity for compounds with a pKa between 6 and 9. For organophosphates a toxicity increase up to 2.5-fold with salinity was found. Bioconcentration and toxicity of ionizable organics aren't influenced by salinity in the way that Dow is influenced. Quantitative structure activity relationships developed for neutral compounds cannot be used to estimate the bioconcentration or toxicity of partly ionized organics. The deviating partitioning behaviour over water and octanol is no reason to set separate quality criteria for ionizable compounds for marine water and freshwater. However, their toxicity can differ as a result of pH differences. Toxicity data for fresh and marine organisms should always be compared, because unexpected differences in sensitivity can be detected in this way.Key words: salinity, sensitivity, acids, bases, organotin compounds.
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Eigenmann, J. Eugen, Adel Amador, and Donald F. Patterson. "Insulin-like growth factor I levels in proportionate dogs, chondrodystrophic dogs and in giant dogs." Acta Endocrinologica 118, no. 1 (May 1988): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1180105.
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Abstract. Plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentrations from proportionate, chondrodystrophic and giant breeds were evaluated and compared with body size. IGF-I plasma concentrations were 91.2 ± 10.9 μg/l in Keeshounds (proportionate dog), 122.6 ± 25.4 μg/l in Bassethounds (chondrodystrophic dog) and 280 ± 22.8 μg/l in German Shepherds (proportionate dog). The highest IGF-I level (389.6 ± 24.2 μg/l) was found in the New Foundland, a giant breed (mean ± sem). The mean body weight was 11.8 ±0.4 kg in Keeshounds, 15.4 ± 1.4 kg in Bassethounds, 32 ± 1.5 kg in German Shepherds, and 45.6 ± 1.7 kg in New Foundlands (mean ± sem). Body weight and plasma IGF-I concentration were significantly correlated (y (IGF-I) = −7.43 + 8.7 × (body weight); P < 0.0001.
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Kluess, Heidi A., Rebecca L. Jones, and Tekla Lee-Fowler. "Perceptions of Body Condition, Diet and Exercise by Sports Dog Owners and Pet Dog Owners." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): 1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061752.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the variables that contribute to obesity in pet dogs. The working hypothesis was that sports dog owners will better estimate their dog’s body condition and report stronger belief and control over their dogs’ feeding and exercise compared to traditional pet owners. We collected data on 171 pet owners (101 participated in canine sports) for this study. Each owner completed the Dog Owner Attitude Questionnaire. Each dog was measured for percent fat and Purina body condition scale. For the pet dogs, the median Purina body condition score was 6 (too heavy), but for the sports dogs it was 5 (ideal) (p < 0.05 different from pet dogs). The average percent fat for the pet dogs was 19.1 ± 8.6%, and for the sports dogs it was 13.8 ± 5.3% (p < 0.05 different from pet dogs). Among pet owners, 52% were able to correctly estimate their dog’s body condition. Sports dog owners were 57% correct. Pet dog owners fed approximately 60% more per day compared to sports dog owners. Pet and sports dog owners exercised their dog via walking, but sports dog owners reported more activity with the dog, while pet dog owners reported more activity than the dog did by themselves. Overall, pet and sports dog owners put a high value on their dog’s health and well-being, but better education with regard to body condition, feeding and exercise is critical to improve the pet obesity problem.
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Bleasdale-Hill, Lydia, and Jill Dickinson. "‘Dangerous Dogs’." Journal of Criminal Law 80, no. 1 (February 2016): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018315623684.
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Legislation governing the regulation of dangerous dogs is notoriously fraught with difficulties, in particular concerning the definitions incorporated within, and the enforcement and application of, the relevant provisions. This paper examines two aspects of the legislative framework; the regulation of ‘type-specific’ breeds of dogs, and the extension of regulations relating to the control of dogs from public to private spheres. These aspects afford an opportunity for two principal justifications in favour of controlling owners and their dogs to be analysed: the protection of the public and the need to responsibilise dog owners. This paper considers the extent to which type-specific provisions and the extension of dangerous dogs legislation to cover private spheres achieve those desired aims and concludes that these goals are not clearly met. The authors recommend a consolidated piece of legislation, alongside a more sophisticated approach (supported by further research) being adopted with respect to the nature of dog ownership.
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Sediva, Michaela, Kristyna Holcova, Lenka Pillerova, Eva Koru, and Petr Řezáč. "Factors Influencing Off‑leash Dog Walking in Public Places." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 5 (2017): 1761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765051761.
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Little is known about factors that influence owners’ decisions walking their dogs on or off a leash in public places. We examined the effect of the type of public place, dog’s age, sex and size, and human gender on off‑leash dog walking. Observations of 1850 dogs and their owners were made in streets and parks in Brno (Czech Republic). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed no significant effect of human gender on the frequency of unleashed dogs in streets and parks. Off‑leash dog walking was 2.8 times more likely in parks than in streets. Adult dogs were unleashed 1.9 times more likely than puppies in streets and parks. Larger dogs were unleashed 3.4 times less likely than smaller dogs in streets and 2.8 times more likely in parks. Male dogs were unleashed 1.7 times less likely than female dogs in streets. The dog’s sex had no effect on off‑leash dog walking in parks. The age and sex of dogs walked by men and women in public places were not significantly different. Larger dogs were walked by men 1.9 times more likely than by women. Results indicate that off‑leash dog walking is affected by the type of public place and dog’s age, sex and size.
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Gobbo, Elena, and Manja Zupan. "Dogs’ Sociability, Owners’ Neuroticism and Attachment Style to Pets as Predictors of Dog Aggression." Animals 10, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020315.
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A dog’s aggressive behavior is influenced by external and internal factors, including its psychological profile. In this study, dogs’ and owners’ personalities and the owners’ attachment style to their dogs were identified and associated with owner-reported dog aggression towards humans and animals. Forty Slovenian owners participated with their dogs, of different breeds and aggression history, sorted into three groups (non-aggressive dogs, dogs aggressive towards humans, and dogs aggressive towards animals). The owners filled out three separate questionnaires that assessed dog aggression history towards different targets, owner’s personality and degree of insecure attachment styles to dogs; namely anxious and avoidant attachment. Dog personality was characterized using a standardized dog mentality assessment test, during which the dog was exposed to nine tasks, performed outside, and dogs were scored based on behaviors they exhibited. The results indicated that dogs which were aggressive towards humans were less sociable than non-aggressive dogs and this was associated with the higher neuroticism scores of their owners. We also found that dogs which were aggressive towards strangers had owners with lower scores for anxious attachment and that dogs which were aggressive towards owners had owners with higher scores for avoidant attachment. These results imply that the psychological profiles of both a dog and its owner influence dog aggression towards humans.
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Willoughby, Carol B. "DOGS WITH A PURPOSE SAINT FRANCIS SERVICE DOGS: ASSISTING PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES." Medical Science Pulse 14, SUPPLEMENT 1 (June 30, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6946.
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Formed in 1996, Saint Francis Service Dogs is a non-profit organization working to improve the lives of children and adults with disabilities through partnership with a service dog. The organization is also committed to promoting the use and acceptance of service dogs through public and professional education, providing advocacy for service dog partners, and supporting the growth of the service dog industry on a national level. The organization’s training center is located in Roanoke, Virginia USA, and is the largest service dog organization in the state. The Saint Francis Training Center includes a state-of-the-art kennel facility to house young dogs that are going through the training program. A recently-established program places service dogs with United States military veterans who have combat-related injuries. Co-founder Carol Willoughby credits her first service dog, Booker, with changing her life. He ultimately inspired her to form Saint Francis Service Dogs so that others in need could benefit from professionally trained service dogs. Today, Carol’s life is brightened by her Saint Francis Service Dog, Midas. While providing valuable assistance, Midas also helps Carol promote awareness and appreciation for service dogs and the amazing difference they make in so many lives.
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Ainanur, Yunio Roofica, and Tri Kartika Pertiwi. "INDEKS DOW JONES, NIKKEI225, INFLASI DAN VOLUME PERDAGANGAN: ANALISIS PENGARUH TERHADAP IHSG." ECOBISMA (JURNAL EKONOMI, BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN) 8, no. 2 (June 26, 2021): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/ecobi.v8i2.2166.
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Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan mengetahui pengaruh variabel indeks Dow Jones, Nikkei225, inflasi dan Volume Perdagangan terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG). Sampel penelitian menggunakan data sekunder (time series) IHSG bulan Januari 2015 sampai Desember 2019 secara bulanan. Penelitian menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil uji menyatakan indeks Dow Jones memberi kontribusi pada Indeks harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG). Indeks Nikkei225 memberi kontribusi pada Indeks harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG). Inflasi tidak memberi kontribusi pada Indeks harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG). Volume transaksi Perdagangan Saham tidak memberi kontribusi pada Indeks harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG). Seluruh variabel independen tersebut bersama memberi kontribusi pada Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG). This studyaims to investigate the effect of the Dow Jones index, Nikkei225 index, inflation and trading volume on the JakartaComposite Index (JCI). Thesample of this study uses secondary data with the JCI time series from January 2015 to December 2019 on a monthly basis. This study usesmultiple linearregressionanalysis. This study was found that the Dow Jones Industrial Averagegive contributes to the JakartaComposite Index (JCI). The Nikkei225 index give contributes to the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI). Inflation does not give contributeto the JakartayComposite Indexy (JCI). The volume of stock trading transactions does not give contribute to the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI). All of these independent variables simultaneously give contribute to the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI).
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Singh, I., W. Hendriks, L. Tucker, D. G. Thomas, and G. Fahey. "Hindgut fermentation in dogs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200029045.
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There is a large body of research investigating the nutritional needs of the dog at different life-stages and the use of different feed ingredients in commercial diets (Clapper et al, 2001; Schroeder & Smith, 2008). Despite this, though there has been relatively little published work looking at the role the large intestine plays in nutrient digestion in the dog. The dog’s gastro-intestinal tract has been compared to the cat’s in terms of relative length. However the cat is a true carnivore and has little need to ferment fibre from the diet, whereas the dog is a scavenger and will consume a much wider range of food, and therefore may need to ferment fibrous material from the diet. The dog may therefore require a more developed large intestine to harbour a microbial population to aid in the digestion of this fibrous material. This study was performed to determine differences in digestion of nutrients in this segment of the canine gastrointestinal tract.
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Basdani, Eleni, Lysimachos G. Papazoglou, Michail N. Patsikas, Georgios M. Kazakos, Katerina K. Adamama-Moraitou, and Ioannis Tsokataridis. "Upper Airway Injury in Dogs Secondary to Trauma: 10 Dogs (2000–2011)." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 52, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6067.
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ABSTRACT Ten dogs that presented with trauma-induced upper airway rupture or stenosis were reviewed. Tracheal rupture was seen in seven dogs, tracheal stenosis in one dog, and laryngeal rupture in two dogs. Clinical abnormalities included respiratory distress in five dogs, subcutaneous emphysema in eight, air leakage through the cervical wound in seven, stridor in three dogs, pneumomediastinum in four and pneumothorax in one dog. Reconstruction with simple interrupted sutures was performed in four dogs, tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis in five dogs, and one dog was euthanized intraoperatively. Complications were seen in three dogs including aspiration pneumonia in one and vocalization alterations in two dogs.
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Płonek, Marta, Elżbieta Giza, Artur Niedźwiedź, Krzysztof Kubiak, Józef Nicpoń, and Marcin Wrzosek. "Evaluation of the occurrence of canine congenital sensorineural deafness in puppies of predisposed dog breeds using the brainstem auditory evoked response." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 64, no. 4 (December 2016): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2016.040.
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Canine congenital sensorineural deafness (CCSD) affects predisposed breeds of dogs and is primarily caused by an atrophy of the stria vascularis of the organ of Corti. The analysis of the brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) is a reliable method for the evaluation of hearing in animals as it allows an accurate detection of unilateral or bilateral deafness. The occurrence of unilateral and bilateral deafness using the BAER was determined in a representative group of dogs in Poland, including Bull Terriers (n = 117), Australian Cattle Dogs (n = 62), English Setters (n = 32) and the Dogo Argentino (n = 32). Overall deafness, deafness in each dog breed and an association between deafness and phenotype were studied. Among the 243 dogs tested, 156 (81%) had a normal BAER, 27 (11%) were unilaterally deaf, and 12 (5%) were bilaterally deaf. The amplitudes and latencies of waves I, II, III, V, the V/I wave amplitude ratio, and wave I–V, I–III and III–V inter-peak intervals were recorded for each dog. Unilaterally and bilaterally deaf dogs were present in all the dog breeds studied. There were 17 (14.5%) deaf Bull Terriers, three (4.8%) deaf Australian Cattle Dogs, seven (21.9%) deaf English Setters, and 12 (37.5%) deaf Dogos Argentinos. Preventive BAER screening should be routinely performed in these four breeds to prevent the spread of genes responsible for deafness.
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Terbish, Baasanjav. "The Mongolian Dog as an Intimate ‘Other’." Inner Asia 17, no. 1 (April 21, 2015): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340037.
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For Mongols their dogs are the most intimate and loveable animals. Dogs also have an important symbolic significance for their owners. Therefore, beating or killing dogs is considered a sin. As a dog’s feeding bowl is considered to be a ‘circle of abundance’, (hishgiin hüree), it is forbidden to step over it. However, dogs are also believed to be a source of pollution and danger. Hence they are kept out of the Mongolian tent (ger) and treated as inferiors. Their feeding bowls see only leftovers. In this article, I examine the reasons for this apparently contradictory treatment of dogs in Mongolia by appealing to traditional cosmology.
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Brown, Cary, Yuluan Wang, and Eloise Carr. "Undercover Dogs: Pet Dogs in the Sleep Environment of Patients with Chronic Pain." Social Sciences 7, no. 9 (September 13, 2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7090157.
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(1) Background: Chronic pain is a significant and prevalent condition in many industrialized nations. Pain and sleep’s reciprocal nature suggests that interventions to improve sleep may decrease pain symptoms. Little attention has been paid to the influence that owning a pet dog has on the pain/sleep relationship. Typical advice to remove pets from the bedroom negates the possible positive benefit of human-animal co-sleeping. Aim: To investigate pain patients’ perceived impact of pet dog ownership on sleep. (2) Methods: We carried out a content analysis of interview data focused on the impact of pet dog ownership on sleep. The qualitative dataset comes from a subgroup of participants in a larger study examining the pain patient/canine relationship. This subgroup of participants from the larger study was asked, “Does your dog have a positive or negative impact on your sleep?” The data were thematically coded using an iterative approach. (3) Findings: Codes included: companionship; physical presence/’cuddles’; routine/schedule; distraction from anxiety/worry at night; reassuring/protective presence; active intervention to keep participant safe; daytime activity to promote sleeping at night; and reciprocal concern for the sleep of the pet dog. (4) Conclusions: Pet dogs may play important roles in helping people with chronic pain achieve sleep onset and maintenance. Removing the dog to improved sleep could be counter-productive and lead to additional sleep-related issues.
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Reimann-Berg, N., J. Bullerdiek, H. Escobar, and I. Nolte. "Chromosome analyses in dogs." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 40, no. 03 (2012): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623638.
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SummaryCytogenetics is the study of normal and abnormal chromosomes. Every species is characterized by a given number of chromosomes that can be recognized by their specific shape. The chromosomes are arranged according to standard classification schemes for the respective species. While pre-and postnatal chromosome analyses investigate the constitutional karyotype, tumor cytogenetics is focused on the detection of clonal acquired, tumor-associated chromosome aberrations. Cytogenetic investigations in dogs are of great value especially for breeders dealing with fertility problems within their pedigrees, for veterinarians and last but not least for the dog owners. Dogs and humans share a variety of genetic diseases, including cancer. Thus, the dog has become an increasingly important model for genetic diseases. However, cytogenetic analyses of canine cells are complicated by the complex karyotype of the dog. Only just 15 years ago, a standard classification scheme for the complete canine karyotype was established. For chromosome analyses of canine cells the same steps of chromosome preparation are used as in human cytogenetics.There are few reports about cytogenetic changes in non-neoplastic cells, involving predominantly the sex chromosomes. Cytogenetic analyses of different entities of canine tumors revealed that, comparable to human tumors, tumors of the dog are often characterized by clonal chromosome aberrations, which might be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers. The integration of modern techniques (molecular genetic approaches, adaptive computer programs) will facilitate and complete conventional cytogenetic studies. However, conventional cytogenetics is still non-replaceable.
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Besoluk, K., E. Eken, and E. Sur. "Morphological studies on lyssa in cats and dogs." Veterinární Medicína 51, No. 10 (March 27, 2012): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5582-vetmed.
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The aim of this study is to reveal the morphology of the lyssa in the cat and dog. Eight heads of adult healthy cats and eight heads of dogs of both sexes were used as materials. In the cat the lyssa, yellow coloured, had a helical appearance and its edge facing the oral cavity became sharp; in the dog the lyssa, pinkish white coloured, was more or less J-shaped. The whole body of the cat’s lyssa was buried among the intrinsic lingual muscles. In the dog, although aboral, two thirds of the lyssa were squeezed among the intrinsic lingual muscles, its cranial third was placed just under the mucosa to protrude slightly into the oral cavity. In both species, the whole body of the lyssa was determined to have been formed by the nearly adipose tissue in which occasional striated muscles existed. Moreover, in the middle third of the dog’s lyssa, dense striated muscle fibres were seen dorsally to the adipose tissue, and we also noticed with interest that the lyssa sheath embracing this part contained few muscle spindle-like structures. It was of interest that in the cat a pyramidal rod encircled by a fine capsule of connective tissue was attached to the ventral edge of the cranial third of the lyssa.
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Wegscheider, P. "PARE0002 IMPACT OF SERVICE DOGS ON THE BURDEN OF ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1287.1–1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.380.
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Background:Assistance dogs support humans with different physical disabilities: 1. Service dogs for people with diverse mobility impairments 2. signaling dogs for humans diagnosed with diabetes, hearing impairments, seizure, or posttraumatic stress disorder 3. guide dogs for people with visual impairments. Definitions and terms are not consistent over Europe; Austrian terminology is used in the following. These specially trained dogs support people in their everyday lives and make it possible that less help is required from personal assistants or caregivers. Diverse studies show this positive impact of assistance dogs on the quality of life of disabled people. There are just a few case reports from United States about service dogs for people diagnosed with any inflammatory rheumatic disorder. Dogs are trained individually for about 1.5 years before team training and the concluding team assessment through Austrian authorities take place. Since 2015, there has been an adapted legislation for service dogs in Austria which brings significant improvements in many areas. In comparison to the model set by Austria, there is no corresponding legal basis at EU level or in other European countries.Objectives:Case-report about my own situation diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in 2001 and my service dog May. May supports my every day live in private and business affairs since 2019Methods:May was trained for less than two years before team assessment. May is able to pick up things I dropped. These include coins, my key, my mobile phone, clothes, towels and lots of other things I want her to pick it up for me. May opens and closes doors, empties the washing machine, pulls the laundry basket and even helps me put on and take off clothes. In general, she carries many things which I instruct her to carry. I am able to learn her more new things in a short time. Furthermore May acts safe on public transport and even airplanes. Due to special training May is allowed to move without dog leash or muzzle. A muzzle or leash would handicap the dog’s work. As a result of May’s help I need less personal assistance.Results:May’s physical and psychological support gives me greater independence and increases my self-confidence. She was trained to specifically meet the needs of my disability. Beside her skills, May helps to reduce pain and burden of arthritis.Conclusion:My aim is to spotlight the great support of service dogs to severely affected arthritis patients. Austria had realized legislation for assistance dogs to guarantee certain permissions the owner’s needs (e.g. access to working place, hospital). I would love to raise awareness about assistance dogs to improve the knowledge about those animals to implement European legislation.References:[1]Arbeitskreis für Hygiene in Gesundheitseinrichtungen des Magistrats der Stadt Wien, MA 15, Richtlinie für den Umgang mit Assistenzhunden und Therapiehunden in Gesundheitseinrichtungen, 29.3.2017; access 1.10.2019[2]AK Krankenhaushygiene OÖ, Umgang mit Assistenzhunden in Gesundheitseinrichtungen, Version 1; access 1.2019[3]Bremhorst, A et al, Spotlight on Assistance Dogs- Legislation, Welfare and Research, Animals 2018, 8, 129; doi:10.3390/ani8080129[4]Deutsche Gesellschaft für Krankenhaushygiene (DGKH), Empfehlungen zum hygienegerechten Umgang mit Therapiehunden in Krankenhäusern und vergleichbaren Einrichtungen, Hyg Med 2017; 42-10[5]Glenk, LM et al, Perceptions on Helath Benefits of Guide Dog Ownership in an Austrian Population of Blind People with and without a Guide Dog, Animals 2019, 9, 428; doi:10.3390/ani9070428[6]Lundqvist, M et al, Certified service dogs- A cost- effectiveness analysis appraisal, Plos ones 12.9.2019, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219911[7]Sozialministeriumservice, Richtlinie Therapiehunde des Bundesministers für Arbeit, Soziales und Konsumentenschutz, 01.01.2015; access 1.10.2019Acknowledgments:I am very grateful to Kati Kohoutek, May’s trainer and the efforts of Austrian’s long lasting dog trainers and Karl Weissenbacher, the leader of Messerli Institute/ department of Veterinary University Vienna.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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LI, WENTIAN. "ABSENCE OF 1/f SPECTRA IN DOW JONES DAILY AVERAGE." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 01, no. 03 (September 1991): 583–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127491000427.
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The power spectrum of the daily Dow Jones industrial average is calculated. It has been shown that the spectrum is P(f) ~1/f1.8, very close to that of the random walk series (1/f2 noise). In contrast to some previous belief, the Dow Jones index as well as other stock prices time series are not 1/f noise. The distribution of the daily change of the Dow Jones industrial average is also calculated. Several fittings of the distribution are carried out (for both the price change and the logarithm of the price change). It has been observed that the occurrence of the big loss on Black Monday (negative change of 508) does not fit the distribution of the smaller price fluctuations (e.g., smaller than 100). This lack of scaling for the frequency of occurrence from the large stock price losses to small price fluctuations can be compared with the much better scaling law in the frequency of occurrence for global earthquakes.
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Sipple, Nicole, Lauren Thielke, Arden Smith, Kristyn R. Vitale, and Monique A. R. Udell. "Intraspecific and Interspecific Attachment between Cohabitant Dogs and Human Caregivers." Integrative and Comparative Biology 61, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab054.
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Synopsis In recent years there has been growing interest in uncovering evolutionary and lifetime factors that may contribute to the domestic dog’s (Canis lupus familiaris) success in anthropogenic environments. The readiness with which dogs form social attachments, their hyper-social focus, and social flexibility have all been areas of investigation. Prior research has demonstrated that many pet dogs form infant-caregiver type attachments toward human caretakers, even into adulthood. However, it is unknown if adult dogs form similar attachment bonds to other species, including cohabitant dogs, or if the dog–human relationship is unique in this respect. In the current study we used the Secure Base Test to evaluate behavioral indicators of stress reduction, proximity seeking and exploration, classifying dog–human and dog–dog dyads into attachment style categories. As in prior studies, we found that the majority of our dog–human dyads met the traditional criteria for infant–caregiver type attachment. However, the majority of dogs did not display this form of attachment toward cohabitant dog partners. Instead, behaviors observed in dog–dog relationships better matched attachment classifications described in human sibling attachment research. Overall, companion dogs were significantly less likely than human caretakers to elicit behaviors associated with attachment security in a focal dog. Dog–human attachment may play a distinct and important role in the success and resilience of adult dogs living in at least some anthropogenic environments. Bonds formed with other adult dogs, while important, likely serve a different function.
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Dubova, Ekaterina, Sergey Volodin, and Irina Borenko. "High-Dividend Portfolios with Filters on the Financial Performance and an Optimization of Assets Weights in a Portfolio." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 65, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/saeb-2018-0015.
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Abstract This paper is dedicated to the investigation of the strategies related to the high-dividend portfolio investment. The aim of this research is to increase the high-dividend portfolio efficiency by adding some filters and optimization weights of the assets in the portfolio. In order to achieve this goal, the authors complement the classical version of the «Dogs of the Dow» strategy with financial indicators ROA and P/E with equal and optimized weights of the assets in each portfolio. Two additional parameters are also used in the process of testing: the number of stocks and the month of the annual portfolio rebalancing. Thus, the obtained models have high-quality advantages in comparison with the traditional concept of high-dividend investing, eliminating its inherent disadvantages and providing higher rates of return.
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Jamieson, La, Greg Baxter, and Peter Murray. "You Are Not My Handler! Impact of Changing Handlers on Dogs’ Behaviours and Detection Performance." Animals 8, no. 10 (October 9, 2018): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8100176.
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Dog-handler relationships can directly impact team success. Changing a dog’s handler may therefore compromise detection performance. However, there are currently few studies which support this. This research explored the performance and behavioural impact of changing a dog’s handler. Nine dogs trained at scent detection were accuracy tested with a familiar and unfamiliar handler. Both handlers were female with similar dog handling experience. The dogs were tested along brick lines containing target, non-target, and control samples. Testing was separated into four sessions, with each session having 36 samples. The dogs’ accuracy scores were then calculated and testing footage behaviour coded. The dogs had significantly higher sensitivity (p = 0.045) and negative predictive value (NPV) (p = 0.041) scores when handled by the familiar handler. With the unfamiliar handler the dogs performed more stress-related behaviours, and were distracted for a higher proportion of time (p = 0.012). Time spent distracted was negatively correlated to detection performance (correlation = −0.923, p < 0.001). With the unfamiliar handler the dogs’ performance did not improve throughout testing (p = 0.553). This research demonstrates how these dogs’ detection performances were impacted by changing handlers. Future research is required to determine if professional dog-handler teams are impacted similarly.
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Andrade, James N. B. M. de, Angelo J. Stopiglia, Denise T. Fantoni, Maria C. Abduch, and Marcia Kahvegian. "Outflow occlusion for circulatory arrest in dogs." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29, no. 2 (February 2009): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2009000200009.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of producing circulatory arrest by occlusion of the pulmonary trunk as an alternative to the venous inflow occlusion through the left hemithorax. Eight healthy mongrel dogs were divided in two groups. Group I underwent 4 minutes of outflow occlusion and Group II was submitted to 8 minutes of circulatory arrest. Outflow occlusion was performed through left thoracotomy and pericardiotomy by passing a Rumel tourniquet around the pulmonary trunk. Physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, blood gas analyses, hemodynamic, and oxygen transport variables were obtained before and after the procedure. The dogs from Group I did not have any clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, or hemo-dynamic abnormalities after anesthetic recover. In the Group II, only one dog survived, which had no clinical, electrocardiographic, or echocardiographic abnormalities. In this last dog, just after releasing the occlusion, it was detected increases in the following parameters: heart rate (HR), systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure (SAP; DAP; MAP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), systolic index (SI), cardiac index (CI), left and right ventricular stroke work (LVSW; RVSW), oxygen delivery index (DO2), oxygen consumption index (VO2), and oxygen extraction (O2 ext). Moreover, the oxygen content of arterial and mixed venous blood (CaO2; CvO2), and the arterial and mixed venous partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2; PvO2) were decreased 5 minutes after circulatory arrest. Outflow occlusion is a feasible surgical procedure for period of 4 minutes of circulatory arrest.
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Hargrave, Claire Patricia. "Domestic dogs: the behavioural implications of social living. Part 1." Companion Animal 24, no. 9 (October 2, 2019): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2019.0034.
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For many, the term ‘domestic dog’ implies that the dog should experience no problems in coexisting with humans in domestic, family homes. This article is the first of a two-part series that takes a brief look at the likely domestication process for the dog and the development of the dog's innate capacity for social flexibility with other dogs and humans. A second article will consider how well the dog's social capacity fits it for coping with social encounters with both dogs and humans in a complex human environment.
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Kis, Anna, Borbála Turcsán, Ádám Miklósi, and Márta Gácsi. "The effect of the owner’s personality on the behaviour of owner-dog dyads." Interaction Studies 13, no. 3 (December 19, 2012): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.13.3.03kis.
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We describe the relationships between dog owners’ personality attributes (assessed via questionnaire), their behaviours and the dog’s behaviours observed during brief dog-owner and dog-stranger interactions (N = 78). Interactions comprised the owner commanding the dog to sit, and the stranger showing a ball to the restrained dog and then hiding it. Owners scoring higher on neuroticism and openness used more commands (gestural and verbal) when asking the dog to sit, and the dogs of owners higher on neuroticism obeyed with a longer latency and spent more time looking at the stranger. More extraverted owners praised their dog more, and it took longer for their dogs to look at the stranger but they spent more time looking at the stranger, whereas dogs of more agreeable owners spent more time looking at the ball. Based on these results we conclude that some aspects of owners’ personality appear to be tied to their dog’s attentional concerns. Keywords: dog-human interaction; personality; multivariate statistical methods
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Hargrave, Claire Patricia. "Domestic dogs: the behavioural implications of social living. Part 2." Companion Animal 24, no. 10 (November 2, 2019): 532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2019.0049.
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This article forms the second of a two-part series that considers how well the term ‘domestic dog’ can act as a predictor that the dog should experience no problems in co-existing with humans in domestic, family homes. The previous article took a brief look at the likely domestication process for the dog and suggested that free-roaming dogs (village, street or dump dogs) are better models for ‘natural’ canine behaviour, than that of the wolf. This article considers how well the dog's innate capacity for social flexibility with other dogs equips it for coping with social encounters with both dogs and humans in a complex human environment, and limitations in coping.
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Koda, Naoko, and Sadakazu Shimoju. "Human-Dog Interactions in a Guide-Dog Training Program." Psychological Reports 84, no. 3_suppl (June 1999): 1115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3c.1115.
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We analyzed dyadic interactions between 12 neutered dogs (6 females and 6 males) and 44 humans (20 women, 14 men, and 10 girls) who were unfamiliar with each other. We also examined the effect of sex differences in dogs and humans as well as age differences in humans on human-dog interactions in a guide-dog turning program. Female dogs more actively regulated their distance from humans than male dogs. Dogs made contact with women more frequently than with men, and men nude contact with dogs more frequently than women. Girls initiated interactions with dogs more frequently than women; girls formed reciprocal interactions with dogs less frequently than women.
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Rees, Owen. "DOGS OF WAR, OR DOGS IN WAR? THE USE OF DOGS IN CLASSICAL GREEK WARFARE." Greece and Rome 67, no. 2 (October 2020): 230–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383520000078.
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In 1941, E. S. Forster wrote a short article, published in this journal, which compiled all of the instances he could identify in the ancient source material that described dogs being used in a military capacity. G. B. A. Fletcher, who had identified a few obscure references that Forster had not cited, responded to Forster's paper later that same year. The purpose of both papers was simply the compiling of a list, a purpose that had been inspired by Forster's interest in the French army's recruitment of dogs on the outbreak of the Second World War. The result was a thorough catalogue of known examples, showing the ancient dog being used for a variety of purposes such as patrol work or observation duties, or being used as combatants or despatch couriers. The primary aim, according to Forster was to ‘make a comparison with modern practice’ – that is, the French practice he had read about; the only exception for which he could find no ancient evidence was what he called ‘Red Cross’ work.
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Ferian, Paulo Eduardo, Marilia Gabriela Luciani, Fabiano Zanini Salbego, Joandes Henrique Fonteque, Julieta Volpato, Giovana Biezus, Bruno Lunardeli, and Thiago Rinaldi Müller. "Eosinophilic Bronchopneumopathy in Dogs." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46 (June 13, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.86856.
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Background: The eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP) is characterized by pulmonary infiltration with eosinophils. The etiology of canine EBP remains unclear, although hypersensitivity to aeroallergens is suspected. Dogs affected are usually young. The persistent cough is the most common clinical sign, often associated with respiratory difficulty and exercise intolerance. The diagnosis is based on signalment, radiographic and bronchoscopic findings, and the tissue eosiphilic infiltration demonstrated by cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). No reports were found in Brazil. The aim of this paper is report four cases of canine BPE, with emphasis on clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy.Cases: Case 1. A 18-month-old female dog with 12 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with a 60-day history of cough, inappetence and weariness. It presented cough and tachypnea. The complementary exams demonstrated peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pulmonary pattern on radiography, moderate amount of mucus on bronchoscopy andtissue eosinophilis infiltration on the BAL. The treatment was based on steroids, with improvement of clinical signs. Case 2. A 24-month-old female dog with 16 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with one-year history of cough, inappetence and lethargy. It presented only cough, and in complementary exams showed transitory peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pattern on radiography and predominantly eosinophilic inflammation on citology of BAL. The therapy was based on steroids, with improvement followed by worsening of signs, with need of readjustment of doses. Case 3. A 8-year-old male dog with 6.2 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with 3-weeks history of productive cough,vomiting and weight loss. The complementary exams showed peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pulmonary patternon radiography and eosinophils infiltration on cytology of BAL. It was used steroids as therapy, with improvement of signs. Case 4. A 2-month-old female dog with 2.8 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with 3-days history of cough, nasal discharge and inappetence. It presented severe expiratory dyspnoea, tachypnea, harsh cough, lung crackles on auscultation and lethargy. The complementary exams demonstrated leukocytosis by peripheral eosinophilia and neutrophilia, bronchointersticial and alveolar pulmonar radiographic pattern. The therapy was started with steroids, febendazole and antibiotics. Tracheal swab was obtained and it showed eosinophilic inflammation on cytology. After 20-days treatment, the signs improved. Maintenance therapy was performed with steroids.Discussion: The EBP is usually reported in young patients, as described in three cases. The cough showed predominant clinically, associated with lethargy and inappetence in half of cases, as well as with dyspnea and weariness. The peripheral eosinophilia was observed in all patients, although transient in one of them, not being mandatory for the diagnosis.Despite there are not a specific radiographic pattern to the diagnosis, the bronchointersticial pattern was common to the four animals, with worsening of the radiographic findings possibly related to worsening clinical findings. The definitive diagnosis made through identification of eosinophilic inflammatory infiltration by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Steroidtherapy proved to be effective in the four cases.Keywords: eosinophils, bronchus, lung parenchyma, dog.
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Meurs, KM, MW Miller, MR Slater, and K. Glaze. "Arterial blood pressure measurement in a population of healthy geriatric dogs." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 36, no. 6 (November 1, 2000): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-36-6-497.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate healthy geriatric dogs for the presence of systemic hypertension. Thirty-three geriatric dogs (i.e., dogs exceeding the geriatric age range for their weight group) and 22 control dogs (i.e., dogs less than six years of age) were evaluated by measuring blood pressure with an oscillometric monitor. Five consecutive blood pressure measurements were taken in each dog, averaged, and compared. Diastolic and mean blood pressure measurements were significantly lower in the geriatric group as compared to the control group. Systolic blood pressure measurements were not significantly different between the two groups. Systemic hypertension does not appear to be a common clinical problem in the healthy geriatric dog.
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Huot, Claire. "The Dog-Eared Dictionary: Human-Animal Alliance in Chinese Civilization." Journal of Asian Studies 74, no. 3 (August 2015): 589–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911815000571.
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What does the dog mean in Chinese culture? The answers can be found in China's first dictionary, theShuowen jiezi, written by Xu Shen in 121 CE. TheShuowenholds cynological knowledge well beyond the dog's olfactory ability, because it includes notes on vocalization discrimination, situational gait, and even behavioral and personality traits. The dog is also upheld as the representative of all nonhuman animals, undoubtedly because of its morphological and functional versatility but certainly also because it was the human's main interface and companion at the beginning of Chinese civilization. The Chinese graphs for the word “dog” embody both views: generically animalistic or eerily resembling human depictions. As a rift slowly took place in the partnership between humans and dogs when urbanization began, the graphs themselves were manipulated to clearly demarcate one from the other. Eventually dogs became discursive scapegoats. This paper traces the destiny of the dog in semantic and graphic terms.
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Nikolashina, N. N. "Analyzing the efficiency of the Dogs of the Dow strategy in the Russian stock market for the period from 2005 through 2018." Finance and Credit 25, no. 7 (July 30, 2019): 1663–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.25.7.1663.
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Saroglu, M., O. D. Erdikmen, O. Guzel, and D. Aydin. "Luxatio lentis in dogs: a case report." Veterinární Medicína 52, No. 5 (January 7, 2008): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2006-vetmed.
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The material of the present study was composed of 30 eyes with luxatio lentis occurring in 20 dogs. Unilateral lens luxation was determined in a half of the animals while bilateral luxation was determined in the other half. Lenses in 19 of the 30 eyes were luxated in the anterior direction (63.3%), three were luxated in the posterior direction (10%) and eight were subluxated (26.6%). The distribution of patient dogs based on the breeds showed that the incidence of lens luxation was higher in Terrier, Cocker Spaniel and crossbreed dogs compared to the other breeds. The results of etiological classification of the diseases which are generally seen in older dogs (on average 7.2 years old) were as follows: congenital in two patients, primary luxation in four patients, and secondary luxation in 14 patients. Secondary luxations diagnosed in 14 animals were determined to have developed as a result of trauma in two dogs, glaucoma in one dog, uveitis in one dog, and senile degeneration and/or cataract in 10 dogs. Bilateral (two dogs) and unilateral (five dogs) intracapsullar lens extraction (ICLE) was applied to these animals. The primary disease was to be kept under control by treating those with secondary lens luxation for uveitis or glaucoma. A severe progressive intraocular inflammation developed in one patient. Enucleation was conducted on this patient due to buphthalmus developing in a short time. These results may be helpful to small animal veterinarians dealing with this disease which results in blindness unless early diagnosis and surgical treatment are conducted.
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Frans, A., T. Clerbaux, E. Willems, and F. Kreuzer. "Effect of metabolic acidosis on pulmonary gas exchange of artificially ventilated dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 2301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.5.2301.
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It is well established that metabolic acidosis induces a reduction in alveolar-arterial O2 difference [(A-a)Do2] in artificially ventilated dogs by shifting the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve (ODC) and/or by improving the distribution of the ventilation-to-perfusion ratio (VA/Q) throughout the lung. To assess the influence of these two factors we examined eight artificially ventilated dogs before and after induction of metabolic acidosis by a perfusion of 0.3 mol HCl. We measured classic indexes of cardiopulmonary function. VA/Q distribution was estimated using the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). ODC and Bohr effect of each dog were obtained by a dynamic method. Acidosis increased CO2 excretion, respiratory quotient, blood PO2 at 50% saturation, and arterial PCO2 and PO2 with a simultaneous decrease in (A-a)DO2. In seven dogs, the distribution of VA and Q, as assessed by MIGET, was not substantially modified by HCl perfusion. In the eighth dog the distribution of Q and VA became more homogeneous after acidosis. This led us to conclude that the Bohr effect is the most important and most consistently observed factor responsible for the decrease in (A-a)DO2 found in metabolic acidosis. In rare cases the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure may complement this action by improving the distribution of the VA/Q ratio.
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KHUTOROVA, Natal'ya A., and Nikita A. NAZIN. "Analyzing the efficiency of portfolio strategies based on the dividend yield concept: Evidence from the Russian stock market." Financial Analytics: Science and Experience 14, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 323–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fa.14.3.323.
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Subject. The article focuses on the formation and management of the securities portfolio. In developed economies, various strategies are used to manage portfolios. The tendencies permeate the practice of portfolio managers and in the domestic market. Objectives. We analyze the efficiency of portfolio management strategies based on the dividend yield concept in order to find the most appropriate one for the Russian market for mid-term investment. Methods. The study is based on general methods of logic, comparative and statistical analysis, graphical and indicative comparative analysis. Results. Having tested strategies based on the dividend yield concept, we suggested using an improved mid-term strategy, which may suit many investors, including institutional ones. The article presents our suggestions on the improvement of a strategy for creating and managing a securities portfolio in the Russian stock market, which is based on the Dogs-of-the-Do principle. Conclusions and Relevance. Drawing upon the dividend yield concept, the proposed strategy ensures the average yield exceeding those of DOW 5 and DOW 10 strategies, bank deposit and investment in federal loan bonds. However, it is inferior to IMOEX and MOEXBS due to the lose of the portfolio balance once a year. Securities within the strategy make up ETF to lure more investors. The inclusion of FXUS increased the average annual yield by 2.45 percent. The addition of FXMM significantly reduces foreign currency risks. To optimize the strategy, there should be REPO with the central counterpart and CCP-cleared REPO, which raises its yield through arbitrage transactions.