Academic literature on the topic 'Doi Moi program'

Vietnam economy is facing both opportunities and challenges of the market mechanism and globalization. Social and economic development policies have created positive outcomes. For instance, the economic structural change program has brought out promising results in improving the economic growth and contributing to a more proportionate structure of the industries. At the same time, the progress of integration and participation of Vietnam to international organizations and forums required business enterprises to have appropriate policies in order to adapt to the new business environment and meet the requirements of competition. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), which are often considered as the direct result of the changes in economic thought after Renewal policy (Doi Moi) in 1986, is now playing an important part in the economy in terms of the quantity of enterprises as well as the contribution to the country’s GDP. Changes and continuous movements of the economy supported SMEs to expand and develop but brought into many difficulties and challenges. Therefore, the internal renewal is essential to the survival and development of SMEs themselves. The paper aims at identifying the challenges that SMEs have been facing and the root of those issues. Due to the difficulties in collecting data, the research limits primarily with the analysis on the data from the SMEs in Ho Chi Minh City. However, this limitation had a small impact on the research result as Ho Chi Minh City is the most developed city and has the highest contribution to GDP and the highest number of business enterprises. Finally, the research had provided a number of suggestions which may help SMEs overcome difficulties to develop sustainably and contribute more positively to the overall development of the economy.

Kết quả khảo sát 152 cán bộ quản lí (CBQL) và giáo viên (GV) của 3 trường trung học phổ thông (THPT) chuyên tại Hà Nội cho thấy thực trạng các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến quản lí hoạt động dạy học (QLHĐDH) của GV trường THPT chuyên theo tiếp cận năng lực (TCNL) được đánh giá ở mức khá. Điều này có nghĩa là các yếu tố được khảo sát ảnh hưởng khá nhiều đến QLHĐDH của GV trường THPT chuyên theo TCNL. Trong 3 nhóm yếu tố được khảo sát, nhóm yếu tố thuộc về môi trường quản lí và điều kiện làm việc ảnh hưởng nhiều nhất. Yếu tố được đánh giá ảnh hưởng nhiều nhất trong các yếu tố được khảo sát là “Chế độ, chính sách đối với GV tại trường THPT chuyên”. Sự đánh giá của nhóm cán bộ quản lí và nhóm GV khá tương đồng về mức độ ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố. Dang, T. H. (1995). Cac li thuyet va mo hinh giao duc huong vao nguoi hoc o phuong Tay [Theories and models of student-centered education in Western countries]. Hanoi: Vietnam National Institute of Educational Sciences Publishing House.Nguyen, K. (1996). Mo hinh day hoc tich cuc lay nguoi hoc lam trung tam [Positive student-centered learning model]. Hanoi: Agriculture Publishing House.Dao, T.L., Nguyen, T.H.V. (2013). De xuat phuong an to chuc day hoc phan hoa o truong trung hoc pho thong sau nawm 2015 [Proposing personalized teaching method in high schools after 2015]. Journal of Educational Science, 89(2). Vo, V. L. (2020). Quan li hoat dong day hoc theo tiep can nang luc hoc sinh o cac truong trung hoc co so vung Tay Nam Bo [Management of competency-based teaching in secondary schools in the southwest of Vietnam]. Doctoral dissertation. Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, Hanoi. Nguyen, D. M. (2014). De xuat mo hinh danh gia chuong trinh giao duc pho thong sau nam 2015 [Proposing a model for evaluation of the general educaiton program after 2015]. Journal of Educational Science, 101(02).Phan, T. N. (2005). Day hoc va cac phuong phap day hoc trong nha truong [Teaching and teaching methods]. Hanoi: Education University Publishing House. Tran, T.T.O. (2013). Doi moi dong bo phuong phap day hoc va kiem tra, danh gia ket qua hoc tap cua hoc sinh trong nha truong pho thong [Innovations in teaching methods and student evaluation in secondary schools and high schools]. Journal of Educational Science, 92(5).Oliva, P. F. (2005). Developing the curriculum. London: Pearson.Nguyen, T. L. P. (2014). Quy trinh xay dung chuan danh gia nang luc nguoi hoc theo dinh huong phat trien chuong trinh giao duc pho thong moi [Stages to build a capacity-based evaluation criteria using the new general education program], Journal of Educational Science, 101(02).Trinh, L. H. P. (2014). Xac dinh he thong cac nang luc hoc tap co ban trong day hoc hoa hoc o truong trung hoc pho thong chuyen [Identifying key capabilities in learning chemistry at specialized schools]. Journal of Science, Ho Chi Minh University of Education, 59.

Covid-19 (<em>corona virus disease 2019</em>) merupakan jenis penyakit baru yang disebabkan oleh virus dari golongan SARS-Cov-2. Penularan Covid-19 berlangsung sangat cepat dan menyebar hingga ke berbagai negara di dunia, salah satunya Indonesia yang bermula pada bulan Maret 2020. Jakarta dan Yogyakarta merupakan kota yang memiliki jumlah kasus positif Covid-19 yang cukup tinggi dan termasuk dalam zona merah. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap bahaya dari penularan virus Corona. Kebijakan dan peraturan yang selama ini telah diberikan oleh protokoler dan pemerintah masih dianggap enteng dan diabaikan oleh masyarakat. Dengan demikian, Tim KKN Relawan UNS Tanggap Wabah Covid-19 periode Mei – Juni 2020 memutuskan untuk melakukan program kerja dengan tema <em>supporting </em>pemahaman masyarakat terhadap Covid-19, terutama mengenai bahaya virus Corona, cara pencegahannya, serta kebijakan dan peraturan yang harus dipatuhi. Pelaksanaan KKN Relawan UNS Tanggap Wabah Covid-19 berlangsung dengan baik dan sesuai rencana awal. Keberhasilan program kerja karena adanya dukungan dari Ketua RT setempat dan masyarakat. Hasil program kerja KKN yang telah dilaksanakan antara lain yaitu, sosialisasi edukatif mengenai Covid-19 melalui media sosial <em>Instagram </em>dan grup <em>WhatsApp</em>, kegiatan penyaluran masker dan <em>hand sanitizer, </em>serta pembuatan <em>hand sanitizer holder</em> dengan upaya untuk menurunkan tingkat penyebaran Covid-19 di wilayah DKI Jakarta dan Yogyakarta

Multimorbidity in the elderly is a major public health issue with serious consequences. This study investigated the effects of health promotion programs on perceived self-efficacy and self-care practices among the elderly with multimorbidity using a quasi-experimental study design from February to July 2021. The study samples were the elderly from Doi Saket District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, selected by a multistage random sampling technique. The experimental and control groups each comprised 40 elderlies with multimorbidity. All elderly participants took part in a 12-week health promotion program. The perceived self-efficacy and self-care practices of the study samples were assessed using interviews, and the group results were compared using the independent t-test. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied at a significance level of 0.05 for three different periods. Follow-up results after the intervention showed that the experimental group had significantly higher mean scores of perceived self-efficacy and self-care practice than the control group (p-value<0.05). The health promotion program enhanced perceived self-efficacy and self-care practices in the elderly with multimorbidity. It can also be applied to improve the quality of life of people in other age groups.

Abstract This East Meets West Symposium presents cross-cultural evidence of community-based programs developed to address cognitive health needs of older adults or to support dementia family caregivers. It includes five studies from mainland China, Taiwan, and the U.S.A. The first study explored the adherence to computerized cognitive training to promote cognitive health among Chinese older adults using a qualitative approach. External encouragement, and self-awareness of performance improvement were found influential to older adults’ adherence. The second study spearheaded by American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) in the U.S.A shed further light on technology use in promoting brain health by comparing in-person versus online cognitive training to older Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic. The third study tested the effectiveness of a cognitive health management model for community-dwelling older adults including healthy and mild cognitively impaired (MCI) ones in Shanghai, China. Older adults with MCI who received the management service showed better cognition outcomes compared to their counterparts in the control group. The fourth study focused on a community program named “Carer Café”, developed to support dementia family caregiver in Taiwan. Participants (n=375) reported reduced stress and increased access to service referrals. The last study examined the stakeholders’ perceptions of dementia friendly initiatives (DFI) being implemented in U.S.A, mainland China, and Taiwan to support persons with dementia and family caregivers. The impacts of DFI made, challenges DFI faced, and strategies DFI used during COVID-19 pandemic were discussed. The discussant will comment on each article’s contributions and limitations in the context of literature.

Articolul abordează activitățile Institutului de Științe ale Educației desfășurare pe parcursul a 80 de ani de la fondare. Conform analizei documentelor din Arhiva Naţională a Republicii Moldova, Institutul de Științe ale Educației este o instituţie din ce în ce mai importantă pentru realizarea politicilor educaţionale naţionale, în contextul reformelor în plină desfășurare. Actualmente Institutul este încadrat în cercetarea și în aplicarea pedagogiei postmoderne. Cuvântul care pare să descrie cel mai bine activitatea acestuia pe parcursul anilor, este dezvoltare sau conceptualizare: dezvoltare permanentă a unor paradigme, concepte, strategii, tehnologii, metodologii, curricula, programe etc. Această dezvoltare îi are ca autori, în egală măsură, pe cei doi protagoniști, cercetătorul și practicianul, și are drept scop generarea unei realităţi educaţionale, care vine să producă schimbarea necesară.

Since the introduction of the Doi Moi economic reform in 1986, the real estate market in Vietnam has witnessed a sharp increase in foreign investment inflows and a remarkable growth in the housing market, particularly for high-rise apartments in large cities. This study investigates the determinants of apartment prices in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and Hanoi, the two most representative cities in Vietnam. The spatial distribution of apartments and their price determinants were addressed by the spatial analysis of Geographic Information System (GIS) and the hedonic model. The price determinants of both cities were closely associated with downtown-related factors; moreover, the externalities of urbanization affected each city. While HCMC was more related to the locational attributes of urban amenities and community density as well as programs because of unmanaged urbanization, Hanoi was more related to housing attributes, since the majority of apartment projects were developed under urban infrastructure development supported by the central government. Apartment cluster maps of each city clearly show the contrast of housing distribution. Our findings clarify the impact of government policies on housing price determinants and can be a reference for private- and public-sector stakeholders seeking to undertake economically and socially sustainable housing development projects in Vietnam.

The aim of the present study is to provide directions on coffee tourism administration as well as to establish a coffee tourism network among the communities in Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, and Lampang provinces. A qualitative method is applied to the data collected from 45 attendees of a meeting on coffee tourism. They discussed several case studies and then visited Doi Chang Village in Chiang Rai to study their successful practice before exchanging views on how similar tourism management can be implemented in their own communities. With a problem tree constructed, they also identified major challenges regarding coffee tourism in Northern Thailand. The findings discusses the initiation of three projects: the community-based tourism by coffee farmers in Chiang Mai, the pilot study of a coffee tour program in Huay Hom Village, Mae Hong Son, and the project “Good Coffee in Lampang.” Also, the six coordinators of the coffee tourism network assist the communities in publicizing tourism information. With growing popularity of special interest tourism, it is surprising Thailand still lacks coffee tourism though it is blessed with several tourism advantages. Therefore, it is critical to explore whether Northern Thailand can flourish as a coffee tourism attraction.

Professional drivers are a group susceptible to sleep problems or incorrect rest patterns resulting from work stress that causes alterations in biological stress markers, such as cortisol, or in cardiovascular parameters that show a state of physiological hyper-activation. The current research objective was to adapt and validate the Groningen Sleep Scale (Meijman et al., 1990) in a Spanish population. We analysed its internal structure, reliability and evidence of validity. The participants in this study were 372 drivers (93.4% men, 6.6% women), with a mean age of 40.9 (SD = 10.54), obtained through non-probabilistic sampling. The SPSS 23.0 and AMOS (5.0) programs were used. With the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the AMOS program (5.0), the indicators NFI = 0.902; TLI = 0.844; CFI = 0.913; RMSEA = 0.129 were obtained and showed an acceptable adjustment of the unifactorial model with 8 items. Adequate reliability (0.90) and appropriate evidence of validity with TDS-38, MBI-GS, Irritation, MP-9, DII, and Trans-18. We can conclude that the Groningen Sleep Scale (GSQS-8) is a reliable and valid instrument, suitable in the Spanish language for evaluating the sleep quality of professional drivers.

Authors: Nadiia Artyukhova, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2408-5737 PhD, Associated Professor, Sumy State University, Ukraine Jan Krmela, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9767-9870 PhD, Associated Professor, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic Vladimira Krmelova, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3822-3416 PhD, Associated Professor, Alexander Dubcek University of Trencin, Slovak Republic Dastan Ospanov, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0401-180X Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Kazakhstan Pages: 182-189 Language: English DOI: https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2022.3-16 Received: 02.06.2022 Accepted: 02.09.2022 Published: 30.09.2022 Download: Views: Downloads: 88 37 Abstract The work is devoted to the search for the optimal algorithm for implementing the process of promoting knowledge in the educational services market. The «product» of promotion is an educational program. Promotion of products of educational activities could be built along the general line «internal quality assurance of education – reviews of internal stakeholders – external quality assurance of education – reviews of external stakeholders – a business card of an educational product». When applied to an educational program as an object of knowledge marketing, a business card is a set of innovative features that could be used as the basis for implementing a particular strategy. In the frame of the work for describing the process of promoting the educational program abstract-logical method, the method of analogies, and the method of induction-deduction were used. A bibliometric analysis was carried out based on an array of bibliographic data of articles from the Scopus database using the VOSviewer tool to assess the possibility of combining different marketing mix models. The results of the bibliometric analysis show that the marketing mix model applies to the promotion of knowledge (educational program) as a product of the DIKW model. At the same time, the question of choosing a marketing mix strategy or justifying the need to combine these strategies remains open. As part of the work, a link was made between generating the knowledge model and promoting an educational program as a product of the DIKW model. Bibliometric analysis showed that using a single marketing mix strategy currently does not lead to success in product promotion. A combination of different strategy indicators is needed. At the same time, it is essential to establish the degree of significance of each indicator in the overall rating and to screen out (if necessary) individual indicators. A multi-level expert assessment determines the degree of significance of each indicator. Based on the results of this assessment, a specific set of indicators for this educational program and the dominant strategy, if any, are formed. A combined approach for promoting an educational program is developed based on an analysis of individual indicators and a multi-stage expert assessment of internal and external stakeholders.

This thesis is motivated by the fact that the limitations and shortcomings of Vietnam’s exchange rate policy have been revealed some 30 years after the implementation of the Doi Moi program. This is one of the country’s most important macroeconomic policies, playing a significant role in the development of its economy. The thesis is structured in 6 essays, which cover the main characteristics of the Vietnamese foreign exchange market and exchange rate policy, as follows. Firstly, this thesis explores the issue of the parallel foreign exchange market, which has created several complications for the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) in its attempts to manage the foreign exchange market and the official exchange rate. Fluctuations in the parallel market rates affect the level of international reserves, the position of the economy and the public’s portfolio decisions. An analysis of this market indicates that the official exchange rate, income, and domestic price relative to the world’s prices are the important factors in determining the exchange rate in the parallel market.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Cette réflexion s’intéresse à évaluer la coopération historique entre le Vietnam et la Francophonie dans une perspective bilatérale surtout au niveau étatique mais aussi au niveau institutionnel. Elle sonde la place que la Francophonie occupe dans la politique étrangère vietnamienne depuis la naissance de l’Agence de coopération culturelle et technique (ACCT) en 1970 jusqu’en 1997 – le pic de la relation Vietnam-France-Francophonie. Cette ré-évaluation est nécessaire et impérative pour que nous puissions voir plus clairement l’utilité de la Francophonie pour le Vietnam face à la situation alarmante de la culture et de la langue françaises dans le pays actuellement. Prenant comme point de départ les théories de la politique étrangère des Petits Etats, cette étude nous fait découvrir les phases de développement du Vietnam depuis 1970, voire avant, jusqu’aux conséquences durables de la réunification. C’est en effet une étude chronologique qui part de l’idée d’une union des pays francophones sous la contrainte (Union française, 1946) puis de plein gré (années 1970), pour terminer sur la création d’une nouvelle organisation multilatérale l’(Agence/) Organisation internationale de la Francophone (OIF). Nous sondons ainsi l’attachement du gouvernement vietnamien socialiste avec la Francophonie en essayant de répondre à la question « Est-ce que la participation à la Francophonie relève des enjeux stratégiques liés à une politique étrangère globale, ou bien relève-t-elle plutôt de considérations tactiques pour sortir le Vietnam de son isolement ? ». Cette recherche contribue donc à l’étude de la Francophonie, en particulier l’ACCT – ignorée des recherches universitaires jusqu’alors – mais aussi à l’histoire et à la géopolitique de la République démocratique du Vietnam au sortir de sa guerre contre les Etats-Unis jusqu’à l’« ouverture » (Doi Moi, 1986) puis l’effondrement du bloc soviétique
This PhD memoire aims at reviewing in the past the cooperation between Vietnam and the Francophonie in a bilateral perspective especially at the state level but also at the institutional level. It wanted to assess the place that the Francophonie occupies in Vietnamese foreign policy since the birth of the Organization in 1970 until 1997 - the peak year of the relationship. This re-evaluation is necessary and imperative in the way that we can see more clearly the usefulness of the Francophonie for Vietnam in his current alarming situation. Using the theory of the foreign policy of the Small States, this thesis leads us to discover different historical stages of Vietnam since 1970, even before, until the moment of construction of an unified country, in which the Francophonie is considered as the main object of the research. It is indeed a chronological study that starts from the weaving of an idea of a union of the French-speaking countries by force then by pleasure, then the meeting between a new international organization and young governments that wanted to assert themselves, the study goes as far as the attachment of the Vietnamese socialist government to the Francophonie in trying to find the answer to the question "Is the participation in the Francophonie part of the foreign policy or, in fact, Vietnam’s diplomatical tactics ? ". This research contributes to the study of the Francophonie but also of the first years after the reunification (1975), to the Hanoi Summit (1997)

Sitcom Pi Mai Pi Mai Tang Tu adalah sejarah dalam dunia penyiaran di Malaysia. Sitcom ini menjadi program televisyen yang bertahan paling lama, bermula tahun 1985 dan berterusan selama hampir 18 tahun. Inilah sejarah yang tercipta oleh dua orang karyawan Hatta Azad Khan dan Othman Hafsham. Buku Menulis Sitcom Mencontohi Pi Mai Pi Mai Tang Tu ini ditulis khusus bagi memberikan serba sedikit gambaran bagaimana idea bagi sebuah drama komedi yang asalnya dipentaskan sebagai sebuah produksi teater, boleh dikembangkan menjadi siri televisyen yang diminati ramai. Buku ini turut dilengkapi contoh skrip serta contoh bagaimana menyediakan kertas proposal untuk dihantar kepada penerbit atau stesen televisyen. Kaedah menulis sitcom dimulai dengan mengenali sejarah luar dan dalam negara, mengkaji kelainan sitcom berbanding genre lain, mengenali struktur dan elemen, mencipta watak dan seterusnya memilih tajuk yang sesuai.Buku ini boleh dijadikan panduan yang sangat sesuai dan berguna oleh tenaga pengajar serta pelajar yang mengambil jurusan penulisan skrip di pusat pengajian tinggi atau sesiapa saja yang mempunyai minat dalam penulisan skrip dan mahu mencuba menulis sitcom. Pembaca boleh menjadikan dua buah naskhah daripada Siri Pi Mai Pi Mai Tang Tu - Episod Hangus (Bahagian I dan II) dan Episod Kumbang (Bahagian I dan II) sebagai contoh yang boleh diikuti.

Este libro presenta los temas en óptica clásica del curso Fundamentos de óptica que durante 10 años he impartido como profesor del Departamento de Física de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá. Inicialmente di el curso como una materia electiva y a partir del segundo semestre de 2009, hasta el segundo semestre de 2017, lo di en forma ininterrumpida como un curso optativo de la carrera de Física. El programa del curso lo propuse teniendo en cuenta mi experiencia como investigador en óptica aplicada desde mi doctorado en Ciencias-Óptica (1998-2001, Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, México). El programa está conformado por 4 capítulos: óptica geométrica, polarización, interferencia y difracción, distribuidos en 30 unidades (y 6 apéndices), que se dan en 28 clases de 2 horas. El curso se da en forma magistral con prácticas demostrativas. El objetivo de este libro es que sirva de guía para los estudiantes del curso Fundamentos de óptica y también para aquellos estudiantes de otras carreras que deseen tener un primer acercamiento a la óptica. Para completar la formación básica en óptica clásica el estudiante puede consultar textos clásicos de óptica como Fundamentals of Optics de Jenkins and White (editorial McGraw-Hill, 2001), Optics de Hecht (editorial Pearson, 2017) o Principles of Optics de Born and Wolf (editorial Pergamon Press, 1980). Agradezco a la Universidad Nacional de Colombia por permitirme disfrutar de un año sabático (febrero 2018 - febrero 2019), durante el cual pude escribir la mayor parte de este libro. Bogotá, D. C., Colombia, marzo de 2020.

La Antropología, en palabras de Conrad Phillip Kottad (2011), es “el estudio de la especie humana y sus ancestros inmediatos […] es una ciencia excepcionalmente comparativa y hoslística […]” (p. 5). La cual permite comprender al ser humano y adentrarse en las preguntas más fundamentales de la existencia misma. Así pues, las preguntas ¿quién soy?, ¿para dónde voy?, ¿cuál es mi origen?, ¿cuál es mi papel en el mundo?, no son únicamente preguntas que corresponden a los filósofos teóricos, sino que también atañen al común de las personas. De esta manera, la antropología “se enfrenta y reflexiona sobre las grandes preguntas de la existencia humana al explorar la diversidad humana, biológica y cultural” (Kottad, 2011 p. 5) y se convierte en esa área transversal que es vista por todos los estudiantes de la Uniagustiniana. En este orden de ideas, las notas de clase de antropología buscan que estudiantes de otros programas académicos diferentes al de filosofía se interesen por este estudio y generen conocimiento en torno a las preguntas antropológicas. Este documento se lleva a cabo con estudiantes de Hotelería y Turismo de la Uniagustiniana y se divide en dos unidades fundamentales: 1. Introducción a la antropología y 2. Antropología filosófica. En cada una de estas unidades se presenta la comprensión temática de algunos pensadores a partir del cine y lecturas propias del área. Para ello, se hace un aprendizaje mediante cine-foros y actividades en clase que promueven el trabajo colaborativo permitiendo la apropiación de contenidos de manera didáctica en los estudiantes.

Nationalism: Past as Prologue began as a single volume being compiled by Ad Akande, a scholar from South Africa, who proposed it to me as co-author about two years ago. The original idea was to examine how the damaging roots of nationalism have been corroding political systems around the world, and creating dangerous obstacles for necessary international cooperation. Since I (Bruce E. Johansen) has written profusely about climate change (global warming, a.k.a. infrared forcing), I suggested a concerted effort in that direction. This is a worldwide existential threat that affects every living thing on Earth. It often compounds upon itself, so delays in reducing emissions of fossil fuels are shortening the amount of time remaining to eliminate the use of fossil fuels to preserve a livable planet. Nationalism often impedes solutions to this problem (among many others), as nations place their singular needs above the common good. Our initial proposal got around, and abstracts on many subjects arrived. Within a few weeks, we had enough good material for a 100,000-word book. The book then fattened to two moderate volumes and then to four two very hefty tomes. We tried several different titles as good submissions swelled. We also discovered that our best contributors were experts in their fields, which ranged the world. We settled on three stand-alone books:” 1/ nationalism and racial justice. Our first volume grew as the growth of Black Lives Matter following the brutal killing of George Floyd ignited protests over police brutality and other issues during 2020, following the police assassination of Floyd in Minneapolis. It is estimated that more people took part in protests of police brutality during the summer of 2020 than any other series of marches in United States history. This includes upheavals during the 1960s over racial issues and against the war in Southeast Asia (notably Vietnam). We choose a volume on racism because it is one of nationalism’s main motive forces. This volume provides a worldwide array of work on nationalism’s growth in various countries, usually by authors residing in them, or in the United States with ethnic ties to the nation being examined, often recent immigrants to the United States from them. Our roster of contributors comprises a small United Nations of insightful, well-written research and commentary from Indonesia, New Zealand, Australia, China, India, South Africa, France, Portugal, Estonia, Hungary, Russia, Poland, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and the United States. Volume 2 (this one) describes and analyzes nationalism, by country, around the world, except for the United States; and 3/material directly related to President Donald Trump, and the United States. The first volume is under consideration at the Texas A & M University Press. The other two are under contract to Nova Science Publishers (which includes social sciences). These three volumes may be used individually or as a set. Environmental material is taken up in appropriate places in each of the three books. * * * * * What became the United States of America has been strongly nationalist since the English of present-day Massachusetts and Jamestown first hit North America’s eastern shores. The country propelled itself across North America with the self-serving ideology of “manifest destiny” for four centuries before Donald Trump came along. Anyone who believes that a Trumpian affection for deportation of “illegals” is a new thing ought to take a look at immigration and deportation statistics in Adam Goodman’s The Deportation Machine: America’s Long History of Deporting Immigrants (Princeton University Press, 2020). Between 1920 and 2018, the United States deported 56.3 million people, compared with 51.7 million who were granted legal immigration status during the same dates. Nearly nine of ten deportees were Mexican (Nolan, 2020, 83). This kind of nationalism, has become an assassin of democracy as well as an impediment to solving global problems. Paul Krugman wrote in the New York Times (2019:A-25): that “In their 2018 book, How Democracies Die, the political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt documented how this process has played out in many countries, from Vladimir Putin’s Russia, to Recep Erdogan’s Turkey, to Viktor Orban’s Hungary. Add to these India’s Narendra Modi, China’s Xi Jinping, and the United States’ Donald Trump, among others. Bit by bit, the guardrails of democracy have been torn down, as institutions meant to serve the public became tools of ruling parties and self-serving ideologies, weaponized to punish and intimidate opposition parties’ opponents. On paper, these countries are still democracies; in practice, they have become one-party regimes….And it’s happening here [the United States] as we speak. If you are not worried about the future of American democracy, you aren’t paying attention” (Krugmam, 2019, A-25). We are reminded continuously that the late Carl Sagan, one of our most insightful scientific public intellectuals, had an interesting theory about highly developed civilizations. Given the number of stars and planets that must exist in the vast reaches of the universe, he said, there must be other highly developed and organized forms of life. Distance may keep us from making physical contact, but Sagan said that another reason we may never be on speaking terms with another intelligent race is (judging from our own example) could be their penchant for destroying themselves in relatively short order after reaching technological complexity. This book’s chapters, introduction, and conclusion examine the worldwide rise of partisan nationalism and the damage it has wrought on the worldwide pursuit of solutions for issues requiring worldwide scope, such scientific co-operation public health and others, mixing analysis of both. We use both historical description and analysis. This analysis concludes with a description of why we must avoid the isolating nature of nationalism that isolates people and encourages separation if we are to deal with issues of world-wide concern, and to maintain a sustainable, survivable Earth, placing the dominant political movement of our time against the Earth’s existential crises. Our contributors, all experts in their fields, each have assumed responsibility for a country, or two if they are related. This work entwines themes of worldwide concern with the political growth of nationalism because leaders with such a worldview are disinclined to co-operate internationally at a time when nations must find ways to solve common problems, such as the climate crisis. Inability to cooperate at this stage may doom everyone, eventually, to an overheated, stormy future plagued by droughts and deluges portending shortages of food and other essential commodities, meanwhile destroying large coastal urban areas because of rising sea levels. Future historians may look back at our time and wonder why as well as how our world succumbed to isolating nationalism at a time when time was so short for cooperative intervention which is crucial for survival of a sustainable earth. Pride in language and culture is salubrious to individuals’ sense of history and identity. Excess nationalism that prevents international co-operation on harmful worldwide maladies is quite another. As Pope Francis has pointed out: For all of our connectivity due to expansion of social media, ability to communicate can breed contempt as well as mutual trust. “For all our hyper-connectivity,” said Francis, “We witnessed a fragmentation that made it more difficult to resolve problems that affect us all” (Horowitz, 2020, A-12). The pope’s encyclical, titled “Brothers All,” also said: “The forces of myopic, extremist, resentful, and aggressive nationalism are on the rise.” The pope’s document also advocates support for migrants, as well as resistance to nationalist and tribal populism. Francis broadened his critique to the role of market capitalism, as well as nationalism has failed the peoples of the world when they need co-operation and solidarity in the face of the world-wide corona virus pandemic. Humankind needs to unite into “a new sense of the human family [Fratelli Tutti, “Brothers All”], that rejects war at all costs” (Pope, 2020, 6-A). Our journey takes us first to Russia, with the able eye and honed expertise of Richard D. Anderson, Jr. who teaches as UCLA and publishes on the subject of his chapter: “Putin, Russian identity, and Russia’s conduct at home and abroad.” Readers should find Dr. Anderson’s analysis fascinating because Vladimir Putin, the singular leader of Russian foreign and domestic policy these days (and perhaps for the rest of his life, given how malleable Russia’s Constitution has become) may be a short man physically, but has high ambitions. One of these involves restoring the old Russian (and Soviet) empire, which would involve re-subjugating a number of nations that broke off as the old order dissolved about 30 years ago. President (shall we say czar?) Putin also has international ambitions, notably by destabilizing the United States, where election meddling has become a specialty. The sight of Putin and U.S. president Donald Trump, two very rich men (Putin $70-$200 billion; Trump $2.5 billion), nuzzling in friendship would probably set Thomas Jefferson and Vladimir Lenin spinning in their graves. The road of history can take some unanticipated twists and turns. Consider Poland, from which we have an expert native analysis in chapter 2, Bartosz Hlebowicz, who is a Polish anthropologist and journalist. His piece is titled “Lawless and Unjust: How to Quickly Make Your Own Country a Puppet State Run by a Group of Hoodlums – the Hopeless Case of Poland (2015–2020).” When I visited Poland to teach and lecture twice between 2006 and 2008, most people seemed to be walking on air induced by freedom to conduct their own affairs to an unusual degree for a state usually squeezed between nationalists in Germany and Russia. What did the Poles then do in a couple of decades? Read Hlebowicz’ chapter and decide. It certainly isn’t soft-bellied liberalism. In Chapter 3, with Bruce E. Johansen, we visit China’s western provinces, the lands of Tibet as well as the Uighurs and other Muslims in the Xinjiang region, who would most assuredly resent being characterized as being possessed by the Chinese of the Han to the east. As a student of Native American history, I had never before thought of the Tibetans and Uighurs as Native peoples struggling against the Independence-minded peoples of a land that is called an adjunct of China on most of our maps. The random act of sitting next to a young woman on an Air India flight out of Hyderabad, bound for New Delhi taught me that the Tibetans had something to share with the Lakota, the Iroquois, and hundreds of other Native American states and nations in North America. Active resistance to Chinese rule lasted into the mid-nineteenth century, and continues today in a subversive manner, even in song, as I learned in 2018 when I acted as a foreign adjudicator on a Ph.D. dissertation by a Tibetan student at the University of Madras (in what is now in a city called Chennai), in southwestern India on resistance in song during Tibet’s recent history. Tibet is one of very few places on Earth where a young dissident can get shot to death for singing a song that troubles China’s Quest for Lebensraum. The situation in Xinjiang region, where close to a million Muslims have been interned in “reeducation” camps surrounded with brick walls and barbed wire. They sing, too. Come with us and hear the music. Back to Europe now, in Chapter 4, to Portugal and Spain, we find a break in the general pattern of nationalism. Portugal has been more progressive governmentally than most. Spain varies from a liberal majority to military coups, a pattern which has been exported to Latin America. A situation such as this can make use of the term “populism” problematic, because general usage in our time usually ties the word into a right-wing connotative straightjacket. “Populism” can be used to describe progressive (left-wing) insurgencies as well. José Pinto, who is native to Portugal and also researches and writes in Spanish as well as English, in “Populism in Portugal and Spain: a Real Neighbourhood?” provides insight into these historical paradoxes. Hungary shares some historical inclinations with Poland (above). Both emerged from Soviet dominance in an air of developing freedom and multicultural diversity after the Berlin Wall fell and the Soviet Union collapsed. Then, gradually at first, right wing-forces began to tighten up, stripping structures supporting popular freedom, from the courts, mass media, and other institutions. In Chapter 5, Bernard Tamas, in “From Youth Movement to Right-Liberal Wing Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fidesz and the Decline of Hungarian Democracy” puts the renewed growth of political and social repression into a context of worldwide nationalism. Tamas, an associate professor of political science at Valdosta State University, has been a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and a Fulbright scholar at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. His books include From Dissident to Party Politics: The Struggle for Democracy in Post-Communist Hungary (2007). Bear in mind that not everyone shares Orbán’s vision of what will make this nation great, again. On graffiti-covered walls in Budapest, Runes (traditional Hungarian script) has been found that read “Orbán is a motherfucker” (Mikanowski, 2019, 58). Also in Europe, in Chapter 6, Professor Ronan Le Coadic, of the University of Rennes, Rennes, France, in “Is There a Revival of French Nationalism?” Stating this title in the form of a question is quite appropriate because France’s nationalistic shift has built and ebbed several times during the last few decades. For a time after 2000, it came close to assuming the role of a substantial minority, only to ebb after that. In 2017, the candidate of the National Front reached the second round of the French presidential election. This was the second time this nationalist party reached the second round of the presidential election in the history of the Fifth Republic. In 2002, however, Jean-Marie Le Pen had only obtained 17.79% of the votes, while fifteen years later his daughter, Marine Le Pen, almost doubled her father's record, reaching 33.90% of the votes cast. Moreover, in the 2019 European elections, re-named Rassemblement National obtained the largest number of votes of all French political formations and can therefore boast of being "the leading party in France.” The brutality of oppressive nationalism may be expressed in personal relationships, such as child abuse. While Indonesia and Aotearoa [the Maoris’ name for New Zealand] hold very different ranks in the United Nations Human Development Programme assessments, where Indonesia is classified as a medium development country and Aotearoa New Zealand as a very high development country. In Chapter 7, “Domestic Violence Against Women in Indonesia and Aotearoa New Zealand: Making Sense of Differences and Similarities” co-authors, in Chapter 8, Mandy Morgan and Dr. Elli N. Hayati, from New Zealand and Indonesia respectively, found that despite their socio-economic differences, one in three women in each country experience physical or sexual intimate partner violence over their lifetime. In this chapter ther authors aim to deepen understandings of domestic violence through discussion of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of theit countries to address domestic violence alongside studies of women’s attitudes to gender norms and experiences of intimate partner violence. One of the most surprising and upsetting scholarly journeys that a North American student may take involves Adolf Hitler’s comments on oppression of American Indians and Blacks as he imagined the construction of the Nazi state, a genesis of nationalism that is all but unknown in the United States of America, traced in this volume (Chapter 8) by co-editor Johansen. Beginning in Mein Kampf, during the 1920s, Hitler explicitly used the westward expansion of the United States across North America as a model and justification for Nazi conquest and anticipated colonization by Germans of what the Nazis called the “wild East” – the Slavic nations of Poland, the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Russia, most of which were under control of the Soviet Union. The Volga River (in Russia) was styled by Hitler as the Germans’ Mississippi, and covered wagons were readied for the German “manifest destiny” of imprisoning, eradicating, and replacing peoples the Nazis deemed inferior, all with direct references to events in North America during the previous century. At the same time, with no sense of contradiction, the Nazis partook of a long-standing German romanticism of Native Americans. One of Goebbels’ less propitious schemes was to confer honorary Aryan status on Native American tribes, in the hope that they would rise up against their oppressors. U.S. racial attitudes were “evidence [to the Nazis] that America was evolving in the right direction, despite its specious rhetoric about equality.” Ming Xie, originally from Beijing, in the People’s Republic of China, in Chapter 9, “News Coverage and Public Perceptions of the Social Credit System in China,” writes that The State Council of China in 2014 announced “that a nationwide social credit system would be established” in China. “Under this system, individuals, private companies, social organizations, and governmental agencies are assigned a score which will be calculated based on their trustworthiness and daily actions such as transaction history, professional conduct, obedience to law, corruption, tax evasion, and academic plagiarism.” The “nationalism” in this case is that of the state over the individual. China has 1.4 billion people; this system takes their measure for the purpose of state control. Once fully operational, control will be more subtle. People who are subject to it, through modern technology (most often smart phones) will prompt many people to self-censor. Orwell, modernized, might write: “Your smart phone is watching you.” Ming Xie holds two Ph.Ds, one in Public Administration from University of Nebraska at Omaha and another in Cultural Anthropology from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, where she also worked for more than 10 years at a national think tank in the same institution. While there she summarized news from non-Chinese sources for senior members of the Chinese Communist Party. Ming is presently an assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice, West Texas A&M University. In Chapter 10, analyzing native peoples and nationhood, Barbara Alice Mann, Professor of Honours at the University of Toledo, in “Divide, et Impera: The Self-Genocide Game” details ways in which European-American invaders deprive the conquered of their sense of nationhood as part of a subjugation system that amounts to genocide, rubbing out their languages and cultures -- and ultimately forcing the native peoples to assimilate on their own, for survival in a culture that is foreign to them. Mann is one of Native American Studies’ most acute critics of conquests’ contradictions, and an author who retrieves Native history with a powerful sense of voice and purpose, having authored roughly a dozen books and numerous book chapters, among many other works, who has traveled around the world lecturing and publishing on many subjects. Nalanda Roy and S. Mae Pedron in Chapter 11, “Understanding the Face of Humanity: The Rohingya Genocide.” describe one of the largest forced migrations in the history of the human race, the removal of 700,000 to 800,000 Muslims from Buddhist Myanmar to Bangladesh, which itself is already one of the most crowded and impoverished nations on Earth. With about 150 million people packed into an area the size of Nebraska and Iowa (population less than a tenth that of Bangladesh, a country that is losing land steadily to rising sea levels and erosion of the Ganges river delta. The Rohingyas’ refugee camp has been squeezed onto a gigantic, eroding, muddy slope that contains nearly no vegetation. However, Bangladesh is majority Muslim, so while the Rohingya may starve, they won’t be shot to death by marauding armies. Both authors of this exquisite (and excruciating) account teach at Georgia Southern University in Savannah, Georgia, Roy as an associate professor of International Studies and Asian politics, and Pedron as a graduate student; Roy originally hails from very eastern India, close to both Myanmar and Bangladesh, so he has special insight into the context of one of the most brutal genocides of our time, or any other. This is our case describing the problems that nationalism has and will pose for the sustainability of the Earth as our little blue-and-green orb becomes more crowded over time. The old ways, in which national arguments often end in devastating wars, are obsolete, given that the Earth and all the people, plants, and other animals that it sustains are faced with the existential threat of a climate crisis that within two centuries, more or less, will flood large parts of coastal cities, and endanger many species of plants and animals. To survive, we must listen to the Earth, and observe her travails, because they are increasingly our own.

O sofrimento psíquico pode ser considerado uma resultante da combinação de características pessoais, aspectos relacionais e condições ambientais que levam a uma condição de esgotamento psicofísico que tem sido compreendida por meio da Síndrome de Burnout - SB. Objetivo geral: avaliar a SB nos profissionais da área da saúde, com o intuito de detectar os principais indicadores de sua manifestação. Objetivos específicos: levantar o perfil sociodemográfico dos participantes; Avaliar os indicadores da SB em profissionais da área da saúde de instituição pública; e, Compreender os indicadores de exaustão emocional, desumanização e perda do sentido do trabalho. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório e quantitativo. A coleta de dados deu-se em instituições públicas de saúde do Estado de Goiás. Os instrumentos de medidas utilizados foram o Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) e o Questionário Sociodemográfico. Os dados foram analisados por meio do Programa estatístico SPSS-20. Resultados: foi obtida uma amostra de 371 profissionais de instituições públicas do estado de Goiás. Grande parte dos profissionais tinha entre 31 e 40 anos, totalizando 39,7% da amostra. Dentre os participantes, 76,3% são do sexo feminino, 45,1% são casados e com nível de escolaridade predominante superior completo, compreendendo 46,8% da amostra. Conclusão: Embora os trabalhadores de saúde estejam expostos a SB, não foram observados elevados níveis da síndrome na amostra. Contudo, identificou-se que o cinismo e a ineficácia apresentam valores elevados, constituindo-se como alerta, já que, se não forem implementadas medidas preventivas, estes trabalhadores poderão vir a desenvolver o burnout.

"NOS CORREDORES DA UNIVERSIDADE, É COMUM QUE HAJA DIVERSAS DISCUSSÕES/RECLAMAÇÕES ACERCA DO CANSAÇO FÍSICO E MENTAL ENTRE OS ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS. COMO CONSEQUÊNCIA DISSO, O INDIVÍDUO ACABA DESENVOLVENDO SINTOMAS PSICOSSOMÁTICOS COMO ANSIEDADE, DORES DE CABEÇAS INTENSAS, TENSÕES MUSCULARES, HIPERTENSÃO, DENTRE OUTROS. TAIS SINTOMAS SÃO COMUNS NA SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT. NESSE SENTIDO, A PESQUISA AQUI RELATADA TEVE COMO OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL IDENTIFICAR OS NÍVEIS DE EXAUSTÃO EMOCIONAL, EFICÁCIA PROFISSIONAL E DESCRENÇA DE ESTUDANTES DE PEDAGOGIA DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA DO INTERIOR DE PERNAMBUCO, COMPARANDO-SE CONCLUINTES E INGRESSANTES. PARTICIPARAM DA PESQUISA 69 ESTUDANTES (64 DO SEXO FEMININO E 05 DO SEXO MASCULINO), COM IDADES QUE VARIAM ENTRE 18 E 56 ANOS. PARA O LEVANTAMENTO DOS DADOS, UTILIZOU-SE O MASLACH BURNOUT INVENTORY - STUDENT SURVEY (MBI-SS), CONSTITUÍDO POR 15 ITENS DIVIDIDOS EM TRÊS DIMENSÕES: EFICÁCIA PROFISSIONAL, EXAUSTÃO EMOCIONAL E DESCRENÇA. ALÉM DISSO, APLICOU-SE UM INSTRUMENTO SOBRE A AVALIAÇÃO DO CURSO E UM QUESTIONÁRIO SOCIOECONÔMICO. DEVIDO A PANDEMIA DO COVID-19, AS INFORMAÇÕES FORAM COLETADAS VIA FORMULÁRIO ELETRÔNICO. DENTRE OS PRINCIPAIS RESULTADOS, APONTA-SE QUE OS ESTUDANTES CONCLUINTES TIVERAM MAIORES ÍNDICES NA DIMENSÃO DESCRENÇA, O QUE ESTEVE RELACIONADO SIGNIFICATIVAMENTE COM MENORES ESCORES NA AVALIAÇÃO DA RELAÇÃO COM O CURSO. DISCUTE-SE A NECESSIDADE DE QUE TAIS DADOS POSSAM SUBSIDIAR PROGRAMAS DE INTERVENÇÃO EM SAÚDE MENTAL NA UNIVERSIDADE A FIM DE EVITAR O APARECIMENTO OU INTENSIFICAÇÃO DE SINTOMAS RELACIONADOS À SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT."

A partir da abordagem processual e da economia política, observou-se a metropolização do espaço (LENCIONI, 2017) e as consequências desta. Diante dos efeitos da urbanização extensiva do território (MONTE-MOR, 2006), a pesquisa assumiu as definições do novo regionalismo (HAESBAERT, 2020) e adentrou o campo das políticas urbanas e o histórico das regiões metropolitanas brasileiras, país de dimensão continental, de economia dependente e politicamente dominado por práticas patrimonialistas (OLIVEIRA, 2003; LEITÃO, 2009; FONSECA e MONTEIRO, 2007).Nesse contexto, debruçou-se a analisar o território da RMVPLN e este se apresentou historicamente fragmentado, homogeneizado e hierarquizado (LENCIONI, 2017), sendo que ocorre na RMVPLN, assim como em outras Regiões Metropolitanas da Macrometrópole Paulista (ARAÚJO; FERNANDES; COÊLHO, 2016), os processos de governança metropolitana estão em descompasso com a política existente para essas escalas de organização do território, em especial o Estatuto da Metrópole (TAVARES, 2018). Assim, a pesquisa aqui resumida se dedicou a fazer uma análise processual (BRENNER, 2018) da criação e da institucionalização da Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte – RMVPLN, desde a proposição feita em 2012, até 2018, espaço privilegiado de observação do mencionado descompasso.

I cambiamenti nelle pratiche di mobilità nei territori della città contemporanea costituiscono un’utile chiave di lettura del processo di trasformazione dei tempi, dei luoghi e dei modi della vita sociale e dei programmi di attività che concorrono a strutturare il territorio. In questa prospettiva - che assume la mobilità come dispositivo di lettura delle trasformazioni urbane e sociali (Urry, 2005) - la sfida che si pone riguarda la disponibilità di fonti utili a restituire la variabilità spazio-temporale delle pratiche di mobilità con continuità temporale. In questo contesto, un valido supporto ai metodi tradizionali di rilevamento viene da fonti digitali, riconducibili alle Tecnologie dell’Informazione e della Comunicazione, di cui il paper descrive potenzialità e limiti, con particolare riferimento ai dati di traffico telefonico. A partire dai risultati di una ricerca empirica condotta dal Dastu Politecnico di Milano sui dati di telefonia mobile della rete di Telecom Italia (Manfredini, Pucci, Tagliolato, 2012 e 2013), il paper evidenzia le possibili applicazioni di tali fonti per l’analisi, la visualizzazione e l’interpretazione delle pratiche di mobilità e dei ritmi d’uso degli spazi urbani, utili per costruire politiche per la mobilità più efficaci ed eque, poiché meno generaliste. Changes in mobility practices are a useful tool to describe urban transformations in times, places, social life and work programs, as well as a structural element of contemporary cities. This is because mobility is cause and consequence of changes in the organization of everyday life (Urry, 2000). With the aim to reading the density of urban spaces usages and urban mobility practices, a valid support of conventional urban analysis methods comes from digital data sources (mobile phone data, ICT, digital traces acquired by social media).This paper focuses on the potentialities and limits offered by mobile phone data to a reading of the site practices and rhythms of usage of the contemporary city by identifying the principal mobile practices of different urban populations in Milan Urban Region. Starting from the results of a research carried out at the Dastu, Politecnico di Milano, using mobile phone data provided by Telecom Italia (Manfredini, Pucci & Tagliolato, 2012 and 2013) we will demonstrate how new maps, based on the processing of mobile phone data can represent spatialized urban practices and how they can give new insights for analyze space-time patterns of mobility practices. In the paper, the identification of temporary urban populations through mobile phone data (density of the calls and origin - destination traces of the calls) has not only a knowing purpose, but it is the condition for recognize new claims referred to “communities of practice”, by which to build mobility policies incisive, also because not generalist.

The developed societies have as challenge, among others, to achieve a mobility development based on economic models of low carbon and energy efficient, making it accessible to the entire population. In this context, the sustainable mobility seems to meet the economic, social and environmental needs, minimizing their negative impact. There are three factors that are relevant: (1) infrastructures; (2) modes of transport more ecological and safe, and (3) operations and services for passengers and freights.The objective of this research is to provide guidance to investment in sustainable transport infrastructures that are truly useful and effective. In particular we have studied the case of the railway, using the following information: details of the infrastructure; cost of construction (per kilometre); maintenance cost, and life cycle. This information may be relevant to consider their possible business models.The methodology of this research was focused in the detailed analysis of the infrastructure use and maintenance criteria, the market opportunities for freight development and the available data to validate the obtained results from the software tool reached in this work. Our research includes the different following aspects:• Evaluation of the supported traffic by the rail line.• Relevant items to be considered in the rail infrastructure. Defining the track, we can group items in two sets: civil and rail installations.• Rolling stock available. Locomotives and wagons are modelled to introduce the data as convenience for the user.Besides our research includes the development of software, Decision System Tool (DST), for studying the construction and maintenance cost of railway infrastructure. It is developed in a common and open source program, providing the user the interaction with the critical variable of the line. It has been adjusted using the following references: MOM PlanCargorail; EcoTransIT, and Projects funded by Framework Program of EU (NewOpera, Innotrack and Sustrail).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3553

The Advanced Dish Development System (ADDS) project is an advanced, system-level dish/Stirling solar power system development activity aimed at the remote power marketplace. Unlike any of the other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) program sponsored activities, the ADDS project is being integrated by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). Although SNL and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) help the DOE manage the CSP program, previous system development activities were all integrated by industry partners, with SNL and NREL providing technical support. The ADDS project is a technology development activity with the specific objective of fielding a remote, off-grid, water-pumping dish/Stirling system on an Indian reservation in the Southwestern U.S. To meet this objective, the WGAssociates (WGA) solar concentrator and controls, and the SOLO 161 Stirling Power Conversion Unit (PCU) were selected for the major components. The WGA concentrator and controls technology are well advanced and utilize structural facet mirror technology and concentrator structure and controls technology developed over decades with DOE and private investment. The SOLO 161 Stirling PCU, including solar receiver and controls, has also benefited from decades of development. Two ADDS designs have been developed. A first-generation (Mod 1) grid-connected prototype system was fielded at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) in Albuquerque, NM in the summer of 1999, primarily for the purpose of reliability improvement. In 2000, an upgraded, second-generation (Mod 2) system, including a standalone water-pumping ADDS was developed, and in 2001 it was installed and demonstrated at the NSTTF. While the value of remote power electricity is greater than for utility power, (estimates range from 20 to more than 50 cents per kilowatt-hour) the remote environment presents additional requirements. The ADDS project has been a first step in the development and demonstration of a dish/Stirling system that can potentially address this large commercial opportunity. Integration of the ADDS has also been challenging and rewarding. As a result of the ADDS project, insights beyond specific component expertise have been obtained. Even though we have not been able to achieve our original objective of fielding a dish/Stirling system on an Indian reservation because of reduce budgets, the ADDS project has been successful in that most of the original system specifications and technical objectives were met or exceeded. It has also served as a valuable test bed for the evaluation of advanced technology in a system context. The ADDS technology and results are presented in other papers. In this paper, the integration philosophy and approaches utilized in the various stages of the ADDS project are presented and described. Insights gained from integration of the ADDS are also discussed.

Energy Transfer has implemented a new, comprehensive field-inspection system for the pipe inspection lifecycle that encompasses aerial observations, pipe exposures, foreign line crossings, in-line inspections, anomaly remediation, pipe inspection, and integrity sheet generation. In order to ensure the integrity of the pipe inspection program, the field inspection solution required full audit-trail capabilities, front-side data validation, and full integration with the corporate-wide GIS and Engineering Data Management System. Additionally, to ensure the success of the new inspection program, the inspection solution required a highly intuitive and field user-friendly interface, the ability to work equally well in both connected and disconnected environments, interactive mapping functionality, very high reliability, and a process-driven architecture. Energy Transfer owns and operates approximately 43,000 miles of natural gas, natural gas liquids, refined products, and crude oil pipelines. Due to the size and diversity of Energy Transfer’s assets, the corporate GIS system must be distributed across seven independent instances consisting of server pools and large-scale relational database management systems (RDBMS). Although each system must be functionally independent, the field inspection system and the inspection process must interact with each server and RDBMS instance with equal functionality and be able to report on all pipe inspection activities across the enterprise. The inspection system is used by over 1,200 Energy Transfer employees and contractors, and approximately 15,000 inspections are performed annually. The system supports a variety of devices, such as: laptops, tablet computers, iOS devices (i.e., iPads, iPhones), and Android devices. Whether on foot, in vehicles or aircraft, users can enter information from the platform that best meets the needs of their individual environment. Information collected on any device is available for continuance of the pipe inspection lifecycle on any other device and is available in real time at the corporate offices via a Web portal. The Web portal provides visualization tools for both business and engineering analysis such as progress tracking and remediation planning. These functions are supported through the portal’s integrated mapping, dash boarding, and a reporting functionality that includes advanced search capabilities for both comparative and predictive analysis. In addition to utilization for the pipe inspection lifecycle, the inspection system is being used for a variety of other inspection and regulatory compliance-related activities, including: cathodic protection, incident reporting, corrosion assessment, DOT structure location, MAOP-MOP establishment, shallow cover, unmetered gas loss, and many more right-of-way related activities.

ABSTRACT Background: In school environments, the No Smoking Area Policy is based on protecting young people who are currently studying at school from exposure to harmful cigarette smoke. It is expected to indirectly reduce student smoking rates. This study aimed to describe the implementation of the No Smoking Area policy at High School 2 Nganjuk, East Java and to identify the factors influencing the policy implementation. Subjects and Methods: This was a qualitative study carried out at High School 2 Nganjuk, East Java. The study subjects were included the principal, student deputy principals, counseling guidance teachers, homeroom teachers, employees, and students of High School 2 Nganjuk. Data were collected using observation, interviews, and documentation. The source triangulation technique used the technique of checking the validity of the data. This study used an interactive model of data analysis technique, which is based on the theory of George C. Edward III, consisted of communication, resources, dispositions, and bureaucratic structures. Results: In High School 2 Nganjuk, the No Smoking Area Policy has not been implemented optimally, particularly on the resource factor. For example, some teachers and staff still smoking in schools. This was not in accordance with the provisions in the No Smoking Area Policy. As the budget for funds from School Operational Assistance (BOS) was integrated with the School Environment Introduction Period (MPLS/MOS as well as the Adiwiyata program, there was no special budget for the implementation of the No Smoking Area policy. There was still not enough amount of billboards about no smoking area. The communication factor was the supporting factor. The policy for the No Smoking Area is always communicated to school residents. The disposition factors was the policy implementers’ engagement. The bureaucratic factor were structure and the presence of SOP in policy implementation. Conclusion: The enforcement of the policy of the No Smoking Area in High School 2 Nganjuk has not been maximized, so all factors, both contact factors, resource factors, disposal factors, and bureaucratic factors, need to be assisted. Keywords: smoking area, high school, policy Correspondence: Yeny Kusumawati. School of Health Sciences, Satria Bhakti Nganjuk, East Java, Indonesia. Email: yenykusumawati.sbn.ngk@gmail.com. Mobile: 082244297997 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.01

ABSTRACT Background: Early diagnosis and immediate treatment during antenatal care are highly effective in to the prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT). The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the global initiative for the elimination of MTCT of syphilis, HIV, and Hepatitis B, and developed global guidance to reduce those incidences, named the triple elimination examination. This study aimed to examine factors affecting pregnant women participation to the triple elimination examination in Semarang, Central Java, using path analysis model. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out at 25 community health centers in Semarang, Central Java, from December 2019 to February 2020. A sample of 200 pregnant women was selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was participation to triple elimination examination. The independent variables were intention, attitude, outcome expectation, modeling, knowledge, husband support, access to information, and distance to the health center. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13. Results: Pregnant women participation to the triple elimination examination was directly increased with strong intention (b= 4.68; 95% CI= 1.50 to 7.86; p= 0.004), positive attitude (b= 2.61; 95% CI= 1.08 to 4.13; p= 0.001), strong self-efficacy (b= 1.98; 95% CI= 0.38 to 3.57; p= 0.015), modeling (b= 1.93; 95% CI= 0.44 to 3.42; p= 0.011), positive outcome expectation (b= 2.38; 95% CI= 0.69 to 4.06; p= 0.006), high knowledge (b= 1.61; 95% CI= 0.05 to 3.17; p= 0.044), strong husband support (b= 1.65; 95% CI= 0.21 to 3.09; p= 0.025), and accessible information (b= 1.85; 95% CI= 0.29 to 3.40; p= 0.020). Participation to the triple elimination examination was directly decreased with distance to health service (b= -2.15; 95% CI= -3.73 to -0.57; p= 0.008). It was indirectly affected by attitude, knowledge, outcome expectation, and access to information. Conclusion: Pregnant women participation to the triple elimination examination is directly increased with strong intention, positive attitude, strong self-efficacy, modeling, positive outcome expectation, high knowledge, strong husband support, and accessible information. Participation to the triple elimination examination is directly decreased with distance to health service. It is indirectly affected by attitude, knowledge, outcome expectation, and access to information. Keywords: triple elimination, pregnant women, path analysis Correspondence: Mei Fatimah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: meyfatimah21@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285801236097. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.105

The Non-Destructive Assay (NDA) of residues is required for material accountancy and criticality control during the post operational clean out decommissioning phase of plutonium pyrochemical recovery facilities. Residues can be problematic for NDA methods using gamma ray and neutron measurement. Errors can be caused by multiplication in lumps and high (α, n) production rates (neutron measurements), and self shielding and matrix heterogeneity in the case of gamma ray methods. The paper describes the application of ANTECH Isothermal Calorimeters to the measurement of the plutonium content of residues from pyrochemical recovery processes. Almost all of the energy produced in the plutonium decay process is released with the α-particles, the energy released by fission is a very minor contributor due to the much longer half life compared with that for α-decay. The α-particles are slowed down over a very short distance within the material so that almost all the thermal power generated by the decay is deposited within the sample. Thus if the thermal power is measured, and the relationship between power generated and plutonium mass is known, then the plutonium content of the material can be determined. The ANTECH Isothermal Calorimeter consists of three concentric cylinders, each maintained at a different temperature (innermost highest, outermost lowest) by an automatic control system, so that heat flows from the inner cylinder (measurement chamber) to the outer cylinder where heat is drawn away by a controlled stream of air. The basis of the measurement involves trading precisely measured electrical power for the thermal power produced by the radioactive decay of the sample. A ‘power difference’ mode is used in which the measurement chamber (the inner cylinder) is maintained at a constant temperature by electrical heating. When a heat producing sample is inserted into the measurement chamber, the control system reduces the applied electrical power, as it is replaced by the thermal power produced by the sample. At equilibrium, the difference in applied electrical power gives the sample power. The plutonium mass of the sample is determined from this measured power and a knowledge of the sample effective specific power derived from gamma ray isotopic measurement. Calorimetry is potentially the most accurate NDA method for measuring plutonium. The thermal power is related directly to simple physical quantities (voltage and current) and is immune to the matrix interferences that affect neutron and gamma-ray techniques. Moreover, corrections are not required for sample inhomogeneity or chemical form. The main disadvantage of calorimetry is the time to achieve thermal equilibrium. This can be alleviated by pre-heating of the sample to approximately the internal temperature of the thermal element or by application of an equilibrium power prediction algorithm. ANTECH have been successfully producing calorimeters for 12 years during which in excess of 20 ANTECH calorimeters have been in service in various USA DoE and UK MoD facilities for the measurement of plutonium residues, achieving a total of almost 250 ‘calorimeter operational years’. In all approximately 10,000 individual measurements have been carried out making a significant contribution to decommissioning programs.

Increased research into the chemistry, physics and material science of hydrogen cycling compounds has led to the rapid growth of solid-phase hydrogen-storage options. The operating conditions of these new options span a wide range: system temperature can be as low as 70K or over 600K, system pressure varies from less than 100kPa to 35MPa, and heat loads can be moderate or can be measured in megawatts. While the intense focus placed on storage materials has been appropriate, there is also a need for research in engineering, specifically in containment, heat transfer, and controls. The DOE’s recently proposed engineering center of expertise underscores the growing understanding that engineering research will play a role in the success of advanced hydrogen storage systems. Engineering a hydrogen system will minimally require containment of the storage media and control of the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes, but an elegant system design will compensate for the storage media’s weaker aspects and capitalize on its strengths. To achieve such a complete solution, the storage tank must be designed to work with the media, the vehicle packaging, the power-plant, and the power-plant’s control system. In some cases there are synergies available that increase the efficiency of both subsystems simultaneously. In addition, system designers will need to make the hard choices needed to convert a technically feasible concept into a commercially successful product. Materials cost, assembly cost, and end of life costs will all shape the final design of a viable hydrogen storage system. Once again there is a critical role for engineering research, in this case into lower cost and higher performance engineering materials. Each form of hydrogen storage has its own, unique, challenges and opportunities for the system designer. These differing requirements stem directly from the properties of the storage media. Aside from physical containment of compressed or liquefied hydrogen, most storage media can be assigned to one of four major categories, chemical storage, metal hydrides, complex hydrides, or physisorption. Specific needs of each technology are discussed below. Physisorption systems currently operate at 77K with very fast kinetics and good gravimetric capacity; and as such, special engineering challenges center on controlling heat transfer. Excellent MLVSI is available, its cost is high and it is not readily applied to complex shape in a mass manufacture setting. Additionally, while the heat of adsorption on most physisorbents is a relatively modest 6–10kJ/mol H2, this heat must be moved up a 200K gradient. Physisorpion systems are also challenged on density. Consequently, methods for reducing the cost of producing and assembling compact, high-quality insulation, tank design to minimize heat transfer while maintaining manufacturability, improved methods of heat transfer to and from the storage media, and controls to optimize filling are areas of profitable research. It may be noted that the first two areas would also contribute to improvement of liquid hydrogen tanks. Metal hydrides are currently nearest application in the form of high pressure metal hydride tanks because of their reduced volume relative to compressed gas tanks of the same capacity and pressure. These systems typically use simple pressure controls, and have enthalpies of roughly 20kJ/mol H2 and plateau pressures of at most a few MPa. During filling, temperatures must be high enough to ensure fast kinetics, but kept low enough that the thermodynamically set plateau pressure is well below the filling pressure. To accomplish this balance the heat transfer system must handle on the order of 300kW during the 5 minute fill of a 10kg tank. These systems are also challenged on mass and the cost of the media. High value areas for research include: heat transfer inside a 35MPa rated pressure vessel, light and strong tank construction materials with reduced cost, and metals or other materials that do not embrittle in the presence of high pressure hydrogen when operated below ∼400K. The latter two topics would also have a beneficial impact on compressed gas hydrogen storage systems, the current “system to beat”. Complex hydrides frequently have high hydrogen capacity but also an enthalpy of adsorption >30kJ/mol H2, a hydrogen release temperature >370K, and in many cases multiple steps of adsorption/desorption with slow kinetics in at least one of the steps. Most complex hydrides are thermal insulators in the hydrided form. From an engineering perspective, improved methods and designs for cost effective heat transfer to the storage media in a 5 to 10MPa vessel is of significant interest, as are materials that resist embrittlement at pressures below 10MPa and temperatures below 500K. Chemical hydrides produce heat when releasing hydrogen; in some systems this can be managed with air cooling of the reactor, but in other systems that may not be possible. In general, chemical hydrides must be removed from the vehicle and regenerated off-board. They are challenged on durability and recycling energy. Engineering research of interest in these systems centers around maintaining the spent fuel in a state suitable for rapid removal while minimizing system mass, and on developing highly efficient recycling plant designs that make the most of heat from exothermic steps. While the designs of each category of storage tank will differ with the material properties, two common engineering research thrusts stand out, heat transfer and structural materials. In addition, control strategies are important to all advanced storage systems, though they will vary significantly from system to system. Chemical systems need controls primarily to match hydrogen supply to power-plant demand, including shut down. High pressure metal hydride systems will need control during filling to maintain an appropriately low plateau pressure. Complex hydrides will need control for optimal filling and release of hydrogen from materials with multi-step reactions. Even the relatively simple compressed-gas tanks require control strategies during refill. Heat transfer systems will modulate performance and directly impact cost. While issues such as thermal conductivity may not be as great as anticipated, the heat transfer system still impacts gravimetric efficiency, volumetric efficiency and cost. These are three key factors to commercial viability, so any research that improves performance or reduces cost is important. Recent work in the DOE FreedomCAR program indicates that some 14% of the system mass may be attributed to heat transfer in complex hydride systems. If this system is made to withstand 100 bar at 450K the material cost will be a meaningful portion of the total tank cost. Improvements to the basic shell and tube structures that can reduce the total mass of heat transfer equipment while maintaining good global and local temperature control are needed. Reducing the mass and cost of the materials of construction would also benefit all systems. Much has been made of the need to reduce the cost of carbon fiber in compressed tanks and new processes are being investigated. Further progress is likely to benefit any composite tank, not just compressed gas tanks. In a like fashion, all tanks have metal parts. Today those parts are made from expensive alloys, such as A286. If other structural materials could be proven suitable for tank construction there would be a direct cost benefit to all tank systems. Finally there is a need to match the system to the storage material and the power-plant. Recent work has shown there are strong effects of material properties on system performance, not only because of the material, but also because the material properties drive the tank design to be more or less efficient. Filling of a hydride tank provides an excellent example. A five minute or less fill time is desirable. Hydrogen will be supplied as a gas, perhaps at a fixed pressure and temperature. The kinetics of the hydride will dictate how fast hydrogen can be absorbed, and the thermodynamics will determine if hydrogen can be absorbed at all; both properties are temperature dependent. The temperature will depend on how fast heat is generated by absorption and how fast heat can be added or removed by the system. If the design system and material properties are not both well suited to this filling scenario the actual amount of hydrogen stored could be significantly less than the capacity of the system. Controls may play an important role as well, by altering the coolant temperature and flow, and the gas temperature and pressure, a better fill is likely. Similar strategies have already been demonstrated for compressed gas systems. Matching system capabilities to power-plant needs is also important. Supplying the demanded fuel in transients and start up are obvious requirements that both the tank system and material must be design to meet. But there are opportunities too. If the power-plant heat can be used to release hydrogen, then the efficiency of vehicle increases greatly. This efficiency comes not only from preventing hydrogen losses from supplying heat to the media, but also from the power-plant cooling that occurs. To reap this benefit, it will be important to have elegant control strategies that avoid unwanted feedback between the power-plant and the fuel system. Hydrogen fueled vehicles are making tremendous strides, as can be seen by the number and increasing market readiness of vehicles in technology validation programs. Research that improves the effectiveness and reduces the costs of heat transfer systems, tank construction materials, and control systems will play a key role in preparing advanced hydrogen storage systems to be a part of this transportation revolution.

Mycoplasma iowae (Mi) is a pathogenic avian mycoplasma which causes mortality in turkey embryos and as such has clinical and economic significance for the turkey breeder industry. Control of Mi infection is severely hampered by lack of adequate diagnostic tests, together with resistance to most antibiotics and resilience to environment. A markedly high degree of intra-species antigenic variation also contributes to difficulties in detection and control of infection. In this project we have designed an innovative gene-based diagnostic test based on specific amplification of the 16S rRNA gene of Mi. This reaction, designed Multi-species PCR-RFLP test, also amplifies the DNA of the pathogenic avian mycoplasmas M. gallisepticum (Mg) and M. synoviae (Ms). This test detects DNA equivalent to about 300 cfu Mi or either of the other two target mycoplasmas, individually or in mixed infection. It is a quick test, applicable to a wide variety of clinical samples, such as allantoic fluid or tracheal or cloacal swab suspensions. Differential diagnosis is carried out by gel electro-phoresis of the PCR amplicon digested with selected restriction enzymes (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). This can also be readily accomplished by using a simple Dot-Blot hybridization assay with digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes reacting specifically with unique Mi, Mg or Ms sequences in the PCR amplicon. The PCR/OLIGO test increased sensitivity by at least 10-fold with a capacity for rapid testing of large numbers of samples. Experimental infection trials were carried out to evaluate the diagnostic tools and to study pathogenesis of Mi infection. Field studies and experimental infection of embryonated eggs indicated both synergistic and competitive interaction of mycoplasma pathogens in mixed infection. The value of the PCR diagnostic tests for following the time course of egg transmission was shown. A workable serological test (Dot Immunobinding Assay) was also developed but there was no clear-cut evidence that infected turkeys develop an immune response. Typing of a wide spectrum of Mi field isolates by a variety of gene-based molecular techniques indicated a higher degree of genetic homogeneity than predicted on the basis of the phenotypic variability. All known strains of Mi were detected by the method developed. Together with an M. meleagridis-PCR test based on the same gene, the Multi-species PCR test is a highly valuable tool for diagnosis of pathogenic mycoplasmas in single or mixed infection. The further application of this rapid and specific test as a part of Mi and overall mycoplasma control programs will be dependent on developments in the turkey industry.

Feed inputs represent the largest variable cost of producing meat and milk from ruminant animals. Thus, strategies that improve the efficiency of feed utilization are needed to improve the global competitiveness of Israeli and U.S. cattle industries, and mitigate their environmental impact through reductions in nutrient excretions and greenhouse gas emissions. Implementation of innovative technologies that will enhance genetic merit for feed efficiency is arguably one of the most cost-effective strategies to meet future demands for animal-protein foods in an environmentally sustainable manner. While considerable genetic variation in feed efficiency exist within cattle populations, the expense of measuring individual-animal feed intake has precluded implementation of selection programs that target this trait. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a trait that quantifies between-animal variation in feed intake beyond that expected to meet energy requirements for maintenance and production, with efficient animals being those that eat less than expected for a given size and level of production. There remains a critical need to understand the biological drivers for genetic variation in RFI to facilitate development of effective selection programs in the future. Therefore, the aim of this project was to determine the biological basis for phenotypic variation in RFI of growing and lactating cattle, and discover metabolic biomarkers of RFI for early and more cost-effective selection of cattle for feed efficiency. Objectives were to: (1) Characterize the phenotypic relationships between RFI and production traits (growth or lactation), (2) Quantify inter-animal variation in residual HP, (3) Determine if divergent RFIphenotypes differ in HP, residual HP, recovered energy and digestibility, and (4) Determine if divergent RFI phenotypes differ in physical activity, feeding behavior traits, serum hormones and metabolites and hepatic mitochondrial traits. The major research findings from this project to date include: In lactating dairy cattle, substantial phenotypic variation in RFI was demonstrated as cows classified as having low RMEI consumed 17% less MEI than high-RMEI cows despite having similar body size and lactation productivity. Further, between-animal variation in RMEI was found to moderately associated with differences in RHP demonstrating that maintenance energy requirements contribute to observed differences in RFI. Quantifying energetic efficiency of dairy cows using RHP revealed that substantial changes occur as week of lactation advances—thus it will be critical to measure RMEI at a standardized stage of lactation. Finally, to determine RMEI in lactating dairy cows, individual DMI and production data should be collected for a minimum of 6 wk. We demonstrated that a favorably association exists between RFI in growing heifers and efficiency of forage utilization in pregnant cows. Therefore, results indicate that female progeny from parents selected for low RFI during postweaning development will also be efficient as mature females, which has positive implications for both dairy and beef cattle industries. Results from the beef cattle studies further extend our knowledge regarding the biological drivers of phenotypic variation in RFI of growing animals, and demonstrate that significant differences in feeding behavioral patterns, digestibility and heart rate exist between animals with divergent RFI. Feeding behavior traits may be an effective biomarker trait for RFI in beef and dairy cattle. There are differences in mitochondrial acceptor control and respiratory control ratios between calves with divergent RFI suggesting that variation in mitochondrial metabolism may be visible at the genome level. Multiple genes associated with mitochondrial energy processes are altered by RFI phenotype and some of these genes are associated with mitochondrial energy expenditure and major cellular pathways involved in regulation of immune responses and energy metabolism.

The widespread prevalence of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa adversely affects millions of households. In recent years, microfinance has been proposed as a strategy to help the households of microentrepreneurs respond to the negative economic impacts of HIV/AIDS. This attention to the potential role of microfinance builds upon earlier research that shows that microfinance institutions (MFIs) that charge commercial rates of interest and use sound business practices can become operationally self-sustainable and help improve the lives of the poor and vulnerable nonpoor. This type of MFI generally offers small loans, often combined with savings services. An MFI may also offer business management training, health and nutrition education, and other types of services. This brief presents findings from a study conducted in Zimbabwe that sought to better understand the relationship between a microfinance program, Zambuko Trust, and how microentrepreneurs’ households cope with the impact of HIV/AIDS. The study also examined how HIV/AIDS is affecting Zambuko’s operations and what MFIs can do to lessen the impact of HIV/AIDS on their clients and operations.