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1
Rosenberg, Emily S. "Dawn of the Almighty Dollar." Current History 113, no. 766 (2014): 332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2014.113.766.332.
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GARSON, ROBERT. "Counting Money: The US Dollar and American Nationhood, 1781–1820." Journal of American Studies 35, no. 1 (2001): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002187580100651x.
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The success of the Founding Fathers in building a nation has for a long time attracted a sense of marvel. That admiration is well deserved. Political leaders in post-Revolutionary America understood that hard-won liberty could only flourish if there was a popular sense of common enterprise. They needed to create a cultural settlement that gave the idea of national civilization clear meaning. The new state would have to contrast sufficiently to the league of states that had combined to overthrow colonial rule, while still protecting local interests and sensitivities. It was an era that lent itself to imaginative statecraft and the Founding Fathers supplied it through their crafting of a national government and a national society. They appreciated that proper constitutional arrangements would not in themselves suffice to bind the common enterprise. The young republic needed to generate its own cultural and economic mechanisms that would serve to consolidate affinity to the nation. Recent studies on the formation of nationhood in the United States have identified some of these mechanisms in the shape of everyday experience in the forging of an identity that transcended the local community. For example, David Waldstreicher and Len Travers have pointed to the role of festivity and ritual in creation of a national consciousness. They have shown that celebration in the early republic served to reinforce the national implications of the American Revolution.
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Nygren, Edward J. "The Almighty Dollar: Money as a Theme in American Painting." Winterthur Portfolio 23, no. 2/3 (1988): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/496373.
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Leduc, Sylvain, and Daniel Wilson. "Are State Governments Roadblocks to Federal Stimulus? Evidence on the Flypaper Effect of Highway Grants in the 2009 Recovery Act." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9, no. 2 (2017): 253–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20140371.
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This paper examines how state governments adjusted spending in response to the large temporary increase in federal highway grants under the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). The mechanism used to apportion ARRA highway grants to states allows one to isolate exogenous changes in these grants. The results indicate that states increased highway spending over 2009 to 2011 more than dollar-for-dollar with the ARRA grants they received. Rent-seeking efforts are shown to help explain this result: states with more political contributions from the public works sector to the governor and state legislators tended to spend more out of their ARRA highway funds than other states. (JEL H54, H76, R42, R53)
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Wainscott, Ronald H. "American Theatre Versus the Congress of the United States: The Theatre Tax Controversy and Public Rebellion of 1919." Theatre Survey 31, no. 1 (1990): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557400000958.
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For eight days in January 1919 the theatre industry was at war with the U.S. Congress, a nationwide event surprisingly overlooked in previous theatre history. Theatre management and its host of workers joined with the public to wage a well-orchestrated campaign in the newspapers and mail, in the theatres and on the streets to stop what was perceived as a gross injustice to the American theatre and its paying audience.When the United States Congress was framing a six billion dollar tax revenue bill to recover exorbitant war costs from the first world war, it attempted to slip in a new tax which would raise theatre admissions by ten per cent in order to return between seventy-five and eighty-one million dollars to the government. The original bill levied a twenty per cent tax on all tickets of admission above thirty cents (thus most movie houses were exempt). In addition box seat holders at theatres and the opera were to be taxed twenty-five per cent.
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Nagano, Yoshiko. "THE PHILIPPINE CURRENCY SYSTEM DURING THE AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD: TRANSFORMATION FROM THE GOLD EXCHANGE STANDARD TO THE DOLLAR EXCHANGE STANDARD." International Journal of Asian Studies 7, no. 1 (2010): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591409990428.
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This article describes the transformation of the Philippine currency system from a gold exchange standard to a dollar exchange standard during the first half of the twentieth century. During the American colonial period, Philippine foreign trade was closely bound to the United States. In terms of domestic investment, however, it was domestic Filipino or Spanish entrepreneurs and landowners who dominated primary commodity production in the Philippines, rather than American investors. How were both this US-dependent trade structure and the unique production structure of domestic primary commodities reflected in the management of the Philippine currency system? To answer this question, this article first discusses the introduction of the gold standard system in the Philippines in the early twentieth century. Second, the de facto conversion of the Philippine currency system from the gold standard to the dollar exchange standard in the 1920s is described, together with the mismanagement of the currency reserves and the debacle of the Philippine National Bank that functioned as the government depository of the currency reserves in the United States. Third, the formal introduction of the dollar exchange standard during the Great Depression is outlined, a clear example of the dependency of the Philippine currency system on the US in the 1930s.
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Dannenberg, Ross, and Josh Davenport. "Top 10 video game cases (US): how video game litigation in the US has evolved since the advent of Pong." Interactive Entertainment Law Review 1, no. 2 (2018): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/ielr.2018.02.02.
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Video game litigation in the United States is neither new nor infrequent, and video game developers can learn valuable lessons from cases won, and lost, by others before them. This article examines the evolution of United States intellectual property law from historically narrow roots to classifying video games as an art form deserving broad free speech protection. This article examines seminal cases in a variety of IP areas, including not only copyrights, but also reverse engineering, derivative works, patents, trademarks, rights of publicity, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, contracts, and freedom of speech. These cases explore the factual and legal limits of American jurisprudence in video game law, including how one's own expression can be limited by the rights of others, permissible and fair use and of others' IP, and the impact these cases have had in the industry. As video games have leveled up into a multi-billion dollar industry, the law has leveled up, too, and this article is the primer you need to level up with it.
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GISMONDI, MICHAEL, and JEREMY MOUAT. "Merchants, Mining, and Concessions on Nicaragua's Mosquito Coast: Reassessing the American Presence, 1893–1912." Journal of Latin American Studies 34, no. 4 (2002): 845–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x02006570.
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This article reassesses the influence of American business on US foreign policy towards Nicaragua, 1893–1912. It describes three episodes that involved American interests in Nicaragua – the Reyes uprising of 1899, the Emery claim of 1903–1909, and the US & Nicaragua Mining Company claim of 1908–1912 – as evidence for a different interpretation of US policy, one which stresses how the influence and material interests of American ‘men on the spot’ framed the ways in which the State Department came to understand American aims in Nicaragua. Earlier accounts of ‘Dollar Diplomacy’ do not adequately acknowledge the significant political consequences of American merchant activity on the Mosquito Coast.
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Schuler, Catherine. "The Silver Age Actress as Unruly Woman Starring Lidia lavorskaia as Madonna." Theatre Survey 34, no. 2 (1993): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557400009960.
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“And as for ‘art,’ well, philosophers differ. But it's widely believed by wise people that art and ego sit uncomfortably together.” Joseph Sobran, The National Review, 1991.Just when Madonna, the performer one critic recently referred to as a “schlockmistress,” seemed doomed to a future as the subject of scholarly articles on pop and post-modern aesthetics, she's in the news again with a coffee table best seller on the joys of sex with anything that moves and some things that don't. Madonna, the high priestess of American pop culture, has constructed a multi-million dollar performance empire, the success of which rests primarily on her extraordinary ability to behave outrageously and market it. Though pre-pubescent females are Madonna's most ardent and uncritical admirers, her concerts and films attract a heterogeneous crowd of men, women, gays, and straights–most of them under thirty. In spite of (or perhaps because of) her immense popular following, the press loathes her. Mainstream critics deplore her dissipated lifestyle, sexual athletics, and public exhibitionism, while avant-garde critics regard her performances as trendy schlock rather than legitimate art. This has little effect on Madonna except to increase curiosity about her (and therefore sales of the book and videotapes) among ordinary citizens who might otherwise be completely indifferent to the Madonna phenomenon.
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BEVAN, PAUL. "Zhou Xicheng's “Guizhou Auto Dollar”: Commemorating the Building of Roads for Famine Relief." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 29, no. 2 (2019): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186318000561.
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AbstractIn 1926 Zhou Xicheng, Governor of Guizhou, China, obtained a new car from an American Motor Company, the first car ever to find its way to this remote Chinese province. Road construction in Guizhou was well underway when the American engineer O. J. Todd, a member of the China International Famine Relief Committee, was invited that year to assist in its continued development. Governor Zhou had his own methods for the speedy and effective building of roads and recruited local people, the army, and even large teams of school children to assist in construction. It is likely that his work methods had taken their inspiration from Sun Yat-sen's plans as outlined in his book The International Development of China of 1920; plans that Sun Yat-sen further promoted in the writing of a letter to Henry Ford in which he requested the industrialist's assistance in the improvement of the motor industry in China. In 1928, in an effort to commemorate his own role in China's road construction projects, Zhou Xicheng had a coin struck. Instead of showing an image of his own head or that of another luminary such as Sun Yat-sen or Yuan Shikai - as had been common with coins of the first decades of the twentieth-century - this one yuan silver coin shows an image of his beloved motor car.
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Guerrero, Robin, Theresa Tiggeman, and Tracie Edmond. "American Opportunity Credit: Key To Education For Lower And Middle Income College Students." Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) 4, no. 5 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/cier.v4i5.4232.
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The Tax Relief Act of 1997 created an important tax provision which helped taxpayers offset the cost of higher education. This provision was in the form of education tax credits. Because a tax credit is a dollar for dollar reduction in tax liability, these education credits were designed to reduce the amount of tax due for college students or their parents. Introduced in 1998, and known as the Hope Scholarship and the Lifetime Learning tax credits, these credits were established to counterbalance the monies spent on tuition, fees, and some course materials during postsecondary education. While these credits proved to be beneficial to many taxpayers over the past decade, most recently, the signing of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 provided a new provision which was intended to increase access to education and to stimulate the economy. The ARRA of 2009 established for two years (2009 and 2010) the American Opportunity tax credit as a replacement for the Hope credit. Similar to the previous education credits, the American Opportunity tax credit helps students and families pay for post-secondary education. However, the most significant condition of this credit is that 40% of the American Opportunity tax credit is refundable and therefore available to households with little or no tax liability. Since refundable credits generate refunds over and above the withholding amount instead of just reducing the tax liability, the American Opportunity tax credit is available to the lowest income tax payers. As a result, it is possible for many taxpayers to receive a maximum amount of refundable credit of up to $1,000. Unfortunately, the American Opportunity credit is proposed to be available only on a taxpayers 2009 and 2010 tax return. After this time, the credit is expected to revert to its original form prior to the ARRA of 2009. Many taxpayers will no longer be eligible for the refundable portion of the credit nor many of its other beneficial provisions. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new American Opportunity Credit and to show the need for the continuance of this credit that is not only crucial for the welfare of the lower to middle income taxpayers but the larger, refundable credit would extend educational assistance to low to moderate income students, making it easier for them or their parents to afford college and thus encouraging attendance.
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Bray, Warwick. "The Society for American Archaeology: A View from across the Atlantic." American Antiquity 50, no. 2 (1985): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280502.
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My first reaction on receiving the Editor's invitation to write “something along the lines of ‘the SAA image abroad’ or ‘how others see us’” was, somewhat to my surprise, a feeling of guilt. For 16 years I have thought of myself as a subscriber to American Antiquity, but never consciously as a member of the SAA. I have never been to the SAA meeting (too big for my taste), usually forget to vote in elections for officers, habitually skip over the Business and Accounts section of the journal, and grudge every page and every dollar given over to such parochial matters as cultural resource management, how to placate the Indian lobby, or who owns the loot from shipwrecks off the U.S. coast.
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Morris, Patricia, and Tammi Arford. "“Sweat a little water, sweat a little blood”: A spectacle of convict labor at an American amusement park." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 15, no. 3 (2018): 423–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659018780201.
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This article examines a representation of convict leasing in an unexpected and seemingly inconsequential place—an amusement park. Located in Branson, Missouri, the popular 1880s-themed Silver Dollar City proudly claims to offer historical education and entertainment through “realistic” constructions of the past. One of the park’s oldest and most popular attractions is the Flooded Mine ride, where park guests travel in “mine carts” through a depiction of a flooding mine, trying to “help the sheriff” by shooting laser light guns at kitschy animatronic convict laborers who are trying to escape. We first examine the Flooded Mine as a unique form of penal spectatorship, arguing that riders are able to enjoy the lighthearted mockery of the convict laborers’ suffering through a process of moral disengagement. Second, we use the lens of collective memory in an endeavor to expose the processes of remembering and forgetting at work in Silver Dollar City. We argue that the simulations of the past constructed in the park are not an apolitical platform for entertainment, but rather work to produce a narrative that perpetuates a kind of white nostalgia that erases black suffering. While ostensibly displaying a story of convict labor, the Flooded Mine depicts all the prisoners as white men, effectively performing an historical erasure of chattel slavery and its transmutation into convict leasing. By obscuring the incalculable pain produced by convict leasing and incarceration, the dissimulation allows riders to avoid any ethical engagement with these systems of racialized control.
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Goulet, Andrea. "“Le domaine du Cant et du Puff ”: Villiers, Anti-Americanism, and the French Edisonades." Nineteenth Century Studies 34 (November 1, 2022): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/ninecentstud.34.0077.
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Abstract This essay builds on recent scholarship on romans d’anticipation and the popular press to read French Edisonades by Auguste Villiers de l’Isle-Adam (L’Ève future, Contes cruels), Alphonse Allais (“La Vérité sur l’exposition de Chicago,” “Supériorité de la vie américaine sur la nôtre,” etc.), and Gustave Le Rouge and Gustave Guitton (La Conspiration des milliardaires) as marking a fundamental anxiety about France’s slipping world-power status in the face of America’s industrial and economic ascendancy. In these fin de siècle technological fictions, the American inventor emerges as an ambivalent figure hovering between scientific genius and hucksterish humbuggery. The real-life rivalry between Thomas Alva Edison and Charles Cros over the 1878 invention of the phonograph led to satiric forms of resistance to the United States as a land of vulgar mercantile utilitarianism threatening to decenter Paris as the cultural capital of the nineteenth century. Although evolving drafts of Villiers’s metaphysical novel seem to highlight the divine creative potential of “le ‘Sorcier de Menlo Park,’” L’Ève future retains less idealistic references to Edison’s commercial side as a Barnum-like businessman from America. Meanwhile, Le Rouge and Guitton’s fantasy of French scientific triumph over American millionaires counters the troubling lure of technical wonder and speculative energy from the land of the almighty dollar.
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Crocker, Piers. "Governor Nelson Dingley lives on: Maine, California, Norway and protectionism." International Journal of Maritime History 29, no. 3 (2017): 620–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871417714373.
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This article examines, from Norwegian sources, the stormy relationship between the local American canned fish industry and the Norwegian producers – and American importers – of Norwegian canned fish, principally ‘sardines’ (sprats) and herring. American opposition took the form of protectionism, either as direct import duty, or by implied criticism of the Norwegian industry (use of child labour or ‘inexperienced’ producers, or claims of ‘dumping’ sub-standard goods on the US market). Opposition varied with the national and international politics and economics of the day, with Republicans and Democrats raising and reducing tariffs depending on the state (and complaints) of the local canning industries in Monterey and Maine. The Great Crash and resulting devaluation of foreign currencies against the dollar, and thereafter abandoning the gold standard, also played their part. The Dingley Tariff, the Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act, the Underwood Tariff, the Fordney–McCumber Tariff and GATT are treated in more detail. In the end, it was acknowledged that it was not a matter of competition, but of preferences for Norwegian sprat canned in olive oil, as opposed to American herring packed in cottonseed oil, and primarily marketed to Norwegian immigrants. In all, the issue lasted for over 70 years, ending in the words – to the Norwegian National Canneries Association – ‘ Congratulations unanimous win in tariff commission’.
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Cao, Jian, Yunhao Chen, Roy Clemons, and Michael R. Kinney. "Political Scrutiny and Tax Law Compliance: Evidence from the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004." Journal of the American Taxation Association 36, no. 2 (2014): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/atax-50768.
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ABSTRACT: The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (the Act [U.S. House of Representatives 2004]) created a tax holiday encouraging firms to repatriate foreign earnings and invest that capital in the United States. However, the Act did not require a direct tracing of the spending of repatriated funds; accordingly, repatriating firms could ignore the investment prescriptions of the Act, since tax regulators were provided no legally viable basis to pursue violations of the spending requirements. We use this event to provide evidence on the effect of political scrutiny on firms' tax law compliance in a setting where regulatory enforcement plays essentially no role. Our findings suggest that repatriating firms facing greater levels of policymaker scrutiny, relative to other repatriating firms, exhibited greater compliance with the Act by increasing relative expenditures on permitted uses (R&D investment) and restraining expenditures on nonpermitted uses. We also find that the spending patterns are different only for the group of high-scrutiny firms (i.e., there is a threshold effect). Our estimates imply that the repatriation tax holiday induced, among such high-scrutiny firms alone, $0.41 of additional R&D spending per revenue dollar forgone by the Treasury under the Act. The evidence is generally consistent with the political cost hypothesis. Data Availability: The data used for this study are from the public sources identified in the text, with the exception of the marginal tax rate data provided by John Graham from Duke University.
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Csilla, Markója, and Balázs Kata. "A Tolnay–Panofsky-affér, avagy hűség az ifjúsághoz: A bécsi iskola, Max Dvořák és A Vasárnapi Kör." Művészettörténeti Értesítő 69, no. 2 (2021): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/080.2020.00010.
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The conflict between Charles de Tolnay and Erwin Panofsky that grew unprecedentedly acrimonious in the history of the discipline – the so-called Tolnay–Panofsky affair – was more than mere personal bickering. The documents clearly reveal that the “affair”, which basically affected financial and professional positions, was based on embarrassingly ordinary, occasionally petty-minded questions instead of scientific arguments, and led to a break of relationship probably in spring 1943, also directs the attention to the science political consequences of the hierarchic establishment of American science financing and academia in general in the interwar years and the 1940s, and to differences between European and American scholarship. It can be gleaned that Tolnay’s efforts to be allotted raised stipends (often by a great degree, as the documents unanimously testify) and a confirmed position led to the deterioration of his relationship with the Princeton IAS leaders and community – in spite of the fact that the former leader of the Institute Flexner took Tolnay’s side, at times with threats to Panofsky and Oppenheimer and accusing Panofsky of professional jealousy. Though Tolnay received raised scholarship up to 4000 dollars for three years, the institute decided to part with Tolnay in 1948. In the background of the affair, however, one may discover conflicts based on the diverging views on art history by Panofsky and Tolnay rooted far deeper, in the elementary influences of the Vienna School of Art History and Max Dvořák on the one hand, and of the Sunday Circle and György Lukács, on the other. The art philosophical aspects and methodological consequences of these dissenting concepts of art history may bear significance for the practitioners of the discipline today as well.
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Mann, Daniel. "Red Planets." Afterimage 49, no. 1 (2022): 88–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.2022.49.1.88.
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The desert in the South of Jordan is a popular location for multimillion-dollar productions of science fiction films. The combination of vast arid lands and lucrative tax rebates offered by the Royal Film Commission make the Jordanian desert a desirable backdrop for expeditions to hostile extraterrestrial planets. Dune (2021), Mission to Mars (2000), The Martian (2015), Last Days on Mars (2013), Transformers (2007), and The Red Planet (2010) are a few of the feature film titles produced by American companies and filmed in Jordan’s Wadi Rum. This article argues that the cinematic portrayal of worlds ravaged by resource scarcity and climate peril too often sustains the perception of the desert as an unruly, lawless, and dead land. While the environmental humanities often aim to shift the scale of our historic lens to bear witness to the entire earth, this article reflects on the stakes of further abstracting the specificity of geography and extending the colonial imaginaries of wasteland. Reflecting on the process of capturing images of landscapes in the Middle East, the article considers desert locations as unique “extractive zones” wherein the topsoil is captured and circulated as high-definition images. Thinking of filmmaking as extractive means defining images as materials, and considering the laws, labor, and cultural imaginations merged in this process.
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Mahmood, Haider. "CO2 Emissions, Financial Development, Trade, and Income in North America: A Spatial Panel Data Approach." SAGE Open 10, no. 4 (2020): 215824402096808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020968085.
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The current study attempts to explore the determinants of CO2 emissions per capita considering spatial effects for a panel of 21 North American countries. The results corroborate the existence of spatial dependence in per capita carbon dioxide emissions and its determinants. Adverse environmental spillover effects are found for all hypothesized determinants while per capita income showed a positive impact. Furthermore, the existence of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is proven with a turning point of 15,665 constant U.S. dollar per capita income, and 6 of the 21 investigated countries are found at the second stage of an inverted U-shaped relationship. An inverted U-shaped relationship between trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions per capita has also been found. Financial market development (foreign direct investment) seems to have monotonic positive (negative) effects.
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Martin, Brian. "Forthcoming: The Roger L. Stevens Collection at the Library of Congress." Theatre Survey 38, no. 2 (1997): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557400002118.
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Roger Stevens has always been a visionary. His career began in real estate, where he gained national recognition for buying the Empire State Building for $51.5 million—at the time the highest price ever paid for one building—and selling it three years later for a ten-million dollar profit. As he expanded into theatre, he quickly became one of the nation's foremost producers on Broadway, producing more than 200 shows over the last half century, including West Side Story, A Man for All Seasons, Bus Stop, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Deathtrap, and Mary, Mary. He “discovered” playwrights such as Tom Stoppard, Peter Shaffer, and Terence Rattigan for New York audiences, and he has worked closely with others, already established, such as Eugene O'Neill, Tennessee Williams, Harold Pinter, Jean Giraudoux, and T.S. Eliot Three United States presidents have depended on Stevens for their arts and humanities policy, and the American theatrical community has benefitted from his intuitive vision.
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Hager, Wolfgang. "Political Implications of US‐EC Economic Conflicts (II): Atlantic Trade: Problems and Prospects." Government and Opposition 22, no. 1 (1987): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1987.tb00039.x.
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THE 1960s APPEAR IN RETROSPECT AS THE BELLE ÉPOQUE of the postwar era. The IMF— a Cinderella while convertibility remained limited to the EPU-area—came into its own, as did the GATT with the Dillon and Kennedy Rounds. There were plenty of storm clouds, however. The monetary system, for one, was built on the shakiest of foundations. The gold/dollar parity had been fixed by an Act of Congress at $35 in 1933, a quarter century before convertibility became a reality. Four years after convertibility, in 1962, the gold pool had to be set up: a massive commodity agreement between the six richest countries, with the Bank of England as the buffer stock manager. That agreement limped on to the mid-1960s by the grace of the Russians, whose bad harvests forced them into substantial gold sales. After that, the combined effects of American arm twisting and the hubris of highly dirigiste central bankers shored up the system, until its final collapse in 1971.
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Garay, Urbi, Gwendoline Vielma, and Edward Villalobos. "Art as an investment alternative: the case of Argentina." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 30, no. 3 (2017): 362–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-08-2016-0226.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the formulation of the first exhaustive price index for Argentinian (and other Latin American countries) visual artists using 5,069 works sold in auctions by 71 Argentinian artists during the years 1980-2014. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimated a regression of hedonic prices using the ordinary least squares method. When the regression was run and the results were analysed, the authors then estimated the annual price index of Argentinian artists’ work to then compare them with different financial and economic variables. Findings The average annual nominal arithmetic rate of return in dollars for Argentinian art during this period was 6.81 per cent, with a 29.11 per cent standard deviation. Argentinian art shows a low correlation with Argentinian and US companies’ shares and a slightly negative correlation with US bonds. This is the reason for artworks to be included in investors’ portfolios despite the relatively high volatility. Research limitations/implications Valuating works of art in Argentina can be explained by a series of their attributes. The benefits of art as an investment should be contrasted with factors including illiquidity and high transaction costs that are inherent when investing in works of art. Practical implications Argentinian artists’ works have higher prices when, ceteris paribus, they are dated; they are auctioned in either Christie’s, Sotheby’s, Galería Arroyo, Roldan & Cia, Meeting Art, or Naon & Cia; they are oil or acrylic paintings; they are larger in size – although the price increase is decreasing when the size of the painting increases; and when the artist dies before their work is auctioned. Originality/value This work presents the first rigorous price index of Argentinian artists’ works. Additionally, and as far as the authors have been able to observe, the time-period in this article is the longest that has been used in studies on art as an investment in emerging markets.
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MINCHIN, TIMOTHY J. "The Crompton Closing: Imports and the Decline of America's Oldest Textile Company." Journal of American Studies 47, no. 1 (2012): 231–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875812000709.
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This article explores the demise of the Crompton Company, which filed for bankruptcy in October 1984, causing 2,450 workers in five states to lose their jobs. Crompton was founded in 1807 in Providence, Rhode Island and when it went out of business it was the oldest textile firm in the country, having been in continuous operation for 178 years. Despite its history, scholars have overlooked Crompton, partly because most work on deindustrialization has concentrated on heavy manufacturing industries, especially steel and automobiles. I argue that Crompton's demise throws much light on the broader decline of the American textile and apparel industry, which has lost over two million jobs since the mid-1970s, and shows that textiles deserve a more central place in the literature. Using company papers, this study shows that imports played the central role in causing Crompton's decline, although there were also other problems, including the strong dollar, declining exports, and a reluctance to diversify, which contributed to it. The paper also explores broader trends, including the earlier flight of the industry from New England to the South and the industry's unsuccessful campaign to pass import-restriction legislation, a fight in which Crompton's managers were very involved.
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SHELTON, A. "Imagery and creativity. Ethnoaesthetics and art worlds in the Americas Whitten, Dorothea S. and Whitten, Norman E. (eds) (1993), University of Arizona Press (Tucson), 377 pp. $dollar;45.00 hbk." Bulletin of Latin American Research 14, no. 3 (1995): 386–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-3050(95)90056-x.
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Hemingway, Andrew. "To “Personalize the Rainpipe”: The Critical Mythology of Edward Hopper." Prospects 17 (October 1992): 379–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300004774.
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By the early 1930s Edward Hopper was a major figure in the American art scene. As is well known, Hopper made no significant sales of paintings until the exhibition of his watercolors at the Rehn Gallery in 1924, by which time he was forty-four years old. However, his career takeoff in the late 1920s and early 1930s was certainly dramatic, and in 1933 Forbes Watson could describe him as a “collector's favorite.” In 1924 the standard price of Hopper's watercolors was $150, by 1925 it had risen to $200, and in 1928–29, $300–400 was the norm. In 1929 alone he sold at least fourteen drawings. Between 1924 and 1930 he also sold sixteen oils at prices ranging between $400 and $2,500 dollars. In the 1930s he was getting between $1,500 and $3,000 for an oil painting, and from 1934 to 1939 he sold several watercolors at $750 each. If, asLifereported in 1937, his receipts from sales did not usually come near $10,000 per year, he was still doing a lot better than most other artists in the Depression years.
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Smith, Margaret Supplee, and John C. Moorhouse. "Architecture and the Housing Market: Nineteenth Century Row Housing in Boston's South End." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 52, no. 2 (1993): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990783.
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This study combines historical and quantitative methods to determine the market response to a major nineteenth century American urban architectural form-the speculatively built row house. The paper estimates a hedonic price index which decomposes the original purchase price of the row house into a set of prices for the characteristics of the house, including detailed architectural features. In turn, the estimated prices for the architectural features reveal the market's response to the aesthetic design. With more than 3,500 row houses, its tree-lined streets, and scattered parks, Boston's South End is the largest Victorian residential district remaining in the United States. The homogeneity of the brick bowfront row house form, coupled with the variety of architectural features, provides an unusual opportunity to test the effect of architecture on market values. We find that variables for lot size, house size, and location within the neighborhood explain 74 percent of the price of a row house. Architectural style and features account for an additional 14 percent of the price of the house and are more highly valued when they differentiate a row house from its neighbors. These are significant results, for they provide systematic statistical evidence that architectural design matters in the marketplace. "But tell me: When you say; 'The value of a building,' do you really lay more stress on the subjective value than the dollar value?" "On both. For human nature determines that subjective value, sooner or later, becomes money value; and the lack of it, sooner or later, money loss. The subjective value is far higher, by far the more permanent; but money value is inseparable from the affairs of life; to ignore it would be moonshine."
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Maurer, Bill. "Tourism's intimate economies." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 80, no. 1-2 (2006): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-90002491.
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[First paragraph]What’s Love Got To Do with It? Transnational Desires and Sex Tourism in the Dominican Republic. Denise Brennan. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2004. ix + 280 pp. (Paper US$ 21.95)Behind the Smile: The Working Lives of Caribbean Tourism. George Gmelch. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003. x + 212 pp. (Paper US$ 19.95)New research on Caribbean tourism solidly locates it within the regional shift from “incentive-induced exports” like bananas to “service-based exports” like data processing, offshore finance, and novel forms of mass tourism (Mullings 2004:294; Duval 2004). Earlier studies may have made mention of the similarities between plantation economies and tourism development, but new models like the all-inclusive resort demonstrate a near identity of form and structure with plantation systems: foreign dominance over ownership and profit leaves little multiplier effect for the Caribbean islands playing host to enclaved resorts. Agricultural exports have been in free fall since the end of preferential trade protocols, and export manufacturing after the North American Free Trade Agreement is in steep decline. If new service economies seemed to offer a solution to economic and social disorder, the reaction to the events of September 11, 2001 demonstrated the fragility of service-based exports and, in particular, of new kinds of tourism. It took four years for international tourism to rebound to pre-9/11 levels;1 with the perceived threat of SARS and avian flu, as well as the Iraq war and the weak U.S. dollar, official projections of the industry’s near future are “cautiously optimistic.”2
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Curry, Kristen. "Addressing Health Disparities in Cancer through Service-Learning." Undergraduate Journal of Service Learning & Community-Based Research 4 (November 22, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.56421/ujslcbr.v4i0.193.
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In 1970, cancer was the second leading cause of death in the U.S. and the American people sought answers. In response, at the 1971 State of the Union address Richard Nixon asserted that he would, “Ask for an appropriation of an extra $100 million to launch an intensive campaign to find a cure for cancer, and I will ask later for whatever additional funds can effectively be used. The time has come in America when the same kind of concentrated effort that split the atom and took man to the moon should be turned toward conquering this dread disease. Let us make a total national commitment to achieve this goal” (DeVita). Almost a full year later, in December 1971, Nixon signed the National Cancer Act, which was popularized as “The War on Cancer.” This act allotted $1.5 billion dollars for cancer research over the next three years.
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Vogl, Joseph. "The Undoing of Functional Differentiation." October 149 (July 2014): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00185.
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On Friday morning, September 12, 2008, the New York investment bank Lehman Brothers was on the brink of bankruptcy. Over the course of the next four days, this situation would precipitate a rapid series of crisis meetings between American and British government officials, central-bank leaders, major international banks, and private investors. Already in March of the same year, the investment bank Bear Stearns had been forced to accept a merger with JPMorgan Chase, supported by a $29 billion government guarantee, and after the mortgage lenders Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac received a $140 billion bailout during the summer, the US secretary of the Treasury, Henry Paulsen, refused to consider the use of additional taxpayer dollars to save Lehman. By Friday evening, then, it had become clear to the American and European bank representatives that a private-sector solution was necessary. Various investors would take part; risk would be spread out. Bank of America and Barclays, based in London, were interested. Meanwhile, the insurance firm American International Group (AIG) also announced liquidity problems, and by Saturday morning it was obvious that the “well-being of the global financial system” was in danger, as one of the participating bank managers put it. At the same time, the investment bank Merrill Lynch, also hard hit, was looking for additional capital investment, concerned that, following the Lehman bailout, the crisis would seek out the next weakest link in the system. And indeed, after hasty and secret negotiations, Merrill was taken over by Bank of America, which hoped the acquisition would give it better access to the international investment business. But Bank of America was no longer interested in saving Lehman Brothers.
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Hapsari, Pamela Dwi, and Melti Roza Adry. "PENGARUH VARIABEL DOMESTIK DAN GLOBAL TERHADAP NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH." Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 1, no. 2 (2019): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v1i2.6176.
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This study aims to find out how the influence of domestic and global variables on changes in the exchange rate of the rupiah per US dollar. The data used are secondary data in the form of time series from 2008: Q1 to 2018: Q3, with documentation data collection techniques and library studies obtained from relevant institutions and agencies. The variables used are Exchange Rates of Rp/USD (Y), Indonesian Economic Growth (X1), Indonesian Interest Rates (X2), American Economic Growth (X3) and American Interest Rates (X4). The research methods used are: (1) Ordinary Last Square (OLS), (2) Classical Assumption Test. The results of the study show that (1) Indonesian Economic Growth has a negative and significant effect on the rupiah exchange rate per US dollar. (2) Indonesian interest rates do not have a significant influence on the rupiah exchange rate per US dollar. (3) American Economic Growth has a positive and significant effect on the rupiah exchange rate per US dollar. (4) American interest rates have a positive effect on the rupiah exchange rate per US dollar.
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Wang, Guangyu, Xiaotian Wu, and WeiQi Yan. "The State-of-the-Art Technology of Currency Identification." International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics 9, no. 3 (2017): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdcf.2017070106.
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The security issue of currency has attracted awareness from the public. De-spite the development of applying various anti-counterfeit methods on currency notes, cheaters are able to produce illegal copies and circulate them in market without being detected. By reviewing related work in currency security, the focus of this paper is on conducting a comparative study of feature extraction and classification algorithms of currency notes authentication. We extract various computational features from the dataset consisting of US dollar (USD), Chinese Yuan (CNY) and New Zealand Dollar (NZD) and apply the classification algorithms to currency identification. Our contributions are to find and implement various algorithms from the existing literatures and choose the best approaches for use.
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Siregar, Novrida, and Eko Wahyu Nugrahadi. "ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF INFLATION, INTEREST RATE, THE MONEY SUPPLY ON RUPIAH EXCHANGE RATE PERIOD 1996-2014." Quantitative Economics Journal 8, no. 1 (2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/qej.v8i1.23609.
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The data source is from Bank Indonesia (BI), the result of this research shows that the domestic inflation has a significant positive influence to rupiah exchange rate toword American Dollar, and cash rate ratio has a negative influence to Rupiah exchange rate with American Dollar, while overseas inflation, domestic interest rate , overseas interest rate they do not have significant influence toword Rupiah exchange rate with American Dollar. From the determination coefficient result (R2) show that the subject which has been researched can explain 93,11 percent toword Rupiah exchange rate while the rest 3,89 percent can be explained by other subject out of model.
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Kirshner, Jonathan. "Dollar primacy and American power: What's at stake?" Review of International Political Economy 15, no. 3 (2008): 418–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290801928798.
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Lewis, Adrian. "FRAMING AMERICAN ART: A SOCIAL HISTORY OF AMERICAN ART." Art Book 12, no. 3 (2005): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8357.2005.00569.x.
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Saunders, Thomas H. "There is Art in Science and Science in Art." Microscopy Today 13, no. 2 (2005): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500051464.
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When a sixty thousand dollar microscope is used as a paint brush, neither science nor art are in trouble - but rather benefactors, witness to the fact that there can be "science in art" and "art in science."Arguably, except for a very few kids, our high schools are churning out hamburger helper generations, the product of a defective educational philosophy that believes that self esteem is more important than inspiring a tough academic regimen that leads to the pursuit of a science-focused secondary and post secondary education. Horses drink water because they want to, not because they were led to it. Kids pursue science and the achievement of excellence not because it is available, but rather because somewhere along their early education experience someone inspired their interest and curiosity.
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Manthorne, Katherine. "Remapping American Art." American Art 22, no. 3 (2008): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/595811.
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Weber, John Pitman, and Shifra M. Goldman. "Latin American Art." Art Journal 54, no. 3 (1995): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/777613.
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FINCH, LAURA. "The Un-real Deal: Financial Fiction, Fictional Finance, and the Financial Crisis." Journal of American Studies 49, no. 4 (2015): 731–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875815001693.
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The credit crisis of 2007–8 prompted a Manichean discourse that labeled finance the flighty and unreal other of the solidity of the real economy. Almost overnight the “speculative finance” shifted from a descriptive term to an evaluative one, with freewheeling finance singled out as the main cause of the crisis. The fictionality of finance is, of course, a fiction itself. Not only is finance a part of the real economy but since the 1970s it has played an increasingly significant part in it. This essay aligns with recent work in critical finance studies that puts pressure on the idea that finance can be separated from the real economy. Supplementing the world-historical scale at which this work often remains, this essay theorizes the real abstraction of finance through its lived social experience. The year 1973 was replete with financial events: the end of the Bretton Woods agreement and the gold standard, the Middle East oil crisis, the creation of the Chicago options exchange, and the invention of the Black–Scholes equation governing derivatives. It also saw the birth of the financial thriller with Paul Erdman’sThe Billion Dollar Sure Thing. Seizing upon a formulaic genre and opening it up to a flood of real events from the trading floor, the financial thriller acts as a dynamic interface and sensitive seismograph for theorizing the fictionality of finance. This essay opens with a reading of Bret Easton Ellis’sAmerican Psycho(1991) as an example of a work that renders real abstraction in an explicitly social way. Rather than viewing the novel as a hyperbolically postmodern reflection of abstract financial maneuvers, I argue that it is thickly embedded within the historically specific financial cityscape of 1980s Manhattan. I then turn to a comparative reading of recent financial thrillers written in response to the twenty-first-century credit collapse. Unlike Ellis’s novel, these thrillers strive to keep the unreality of finance segregated from the real economy at the level of plot, while also making use of generic strategies to do so at the level of form, pushing financial data into footnotes, descriptive asides, and a different tonal register of narrative. By reading these thrillers alongsideAmerican Psycho, a book written before the shock of terminal economic crisis, I offer a more historically nuanced reading of their attempts to salvage a workable economy out of the mess of the twenty-first-century American economy.
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Stell, Lance K. "Review Essay: Herding Cats and Reforming the American Health Care System." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 22, no. 1 (1994): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1994.tb01277.x.
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A recent New York Times/CBS poll shows that nearly 80 percent of respondents think the American “health care system is headed toward a crisis because of rising costs.” Indeed, the public has become well acquainted with ominous-looking graphs that detail the nation’s health care spending. The increasingly steep slope of the graph showing the percentage of gross domestic product spent on health care invites tongue-in-cheek projections for when health care spending will finally consume it all.High aggregate health care expenditures result from the low prices individuals pay for coverage. On average, patients pay only five cents out-of-pocket for every dollar of hospital charges they generate. The remainder is paid by private or public health insurance. Patients pay slightly more for physicians’ services—nineteen cents on each dollar. For health care of all types, patients pay approximately twenty-four cents on each dollar. With individuals paying what amount to fire sale prices for health care, it should come as no surprise that they purchase a great deal of coverage.
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Charles, NDJADI LODI. "SENSIBILITE DU PRIX DE CIMENT AUX FLUCTUATIONS DU TAUX DE CHANGE DE FRANC CONGOLAIS PAR RAPPORT AU DOLLAR AMERICAIN A KINDU DE 2011 A 2020." IJRDO - Journal of Business Management 8, no. 7 (2022): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/bm.v8i7.5205.
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In performing this research, the man concern is to verify whether the price of cement in Kindu is significantly influenced or not by fluctuations in the exchange rate of the congolese franc against the american dollar.
 From the statistical processing of our data, we understand that the price of cement in Kindu objects only the law of supply and demand, and that fluctuations in the exchange rate of the congolese franc against the american dollar have no significant influence.
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Mustaqim, Muhammad Irsyad, Saparuddin Mukhtar, and Tuty Sariwulan. "EFFECT OF INTEREST RATE, INFLATION AND NATIONAL INCOME TO RUPIAH THE AMERICAN DOLLARS IN 2006-2016." Econosains Jurnal Online Ekonomi dan Pendidikan 15, no. 2 (2017): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/econosains.0152.06.
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This research aims to analyze the effect of interest rates, inflation and national income against the rupiah exchange rate over the US dollar. As for the data used in this research is secondary data, with this type of time series data in the period 2006-2016 obtained from Bank Indonesia and the World Bank. The method of this research method using exposé facto. Data analysis techniques used in this research is the analysis of multiple regression. By using multiple regression analysis model, the output shows that interest rates (X 1) positive and significant effect of the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar up (Y). Inflation rate (X 2) do not affect the exchange rate of the rupiah significantly to top u.s. dollars (Y). National income (X 3) a positive effect of the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar up (Y). Of test results by looking at their significance value F = 0.000 then it can be said to be 0.05 < simultaneously interest rates, inflation and national income effect significant at α = 5% against the rupiah exchange rate over the US dollar in the year 2006-2016. The value of the coefficient of determination (R2) acquired for 0.660 has a sense that the rupiah exchange rate over the US dollar can be explained by the level of interest rates, inflation and national income amounted to 66% while the rest is explained by other factors that do not exist in the model for this research.
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Moiseev, S. "The Dollar Marches around the World." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 3 (March 20, 2003): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2003-3-76-90.
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A great debate is taking place in many countries of the American Continent and in Central and Eastern Europe on the need and benefits of abandoning the national currency in favor of the dollar. The paper analyzes the theories of the central banking and the official dollarization and looks into the perspectives of dollarization in Latin America.
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Skilbeck, Ruth. "Art journalism and the impact of ‘globalisation’: New fugal modalities of storytelling in Austral-Asian writing." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 14, no. 2 (2008): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v14i2.949.
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The writing of art journalism has played a key yet little acknowledged role in the ongoing expansion of the international contemporary art world, and the multi-billion dollar global art economy. This article discusses some contradictory impacts of globalisation on art journalism—from extremes of sensationalist record-breaking art market reporting in the global mass media to the emergence of innovative modalities of story-telling in Australian independent journalistic art writing. 
 This article discusses some contradictory impacts of gobalisation on art journalism— from extremes of sensationalist record-breaking art market reporting in the global mass media to the emergence of innovative modalities of story-telling in Australian independent art writing.
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Coronado, Vibrina. "Ndn Art: Contemporary Native American Art (review)." American Indian Quarterly 32, no. 2 (2008): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aiq.2008.0020.
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Wilson, Daniel J. "Fiscal Spending Jobs Multipliers: Evidence from the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 4, no. 3 (2012): 251–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.3.251.
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This paper estimates the “jobs multiplier” of fiscal stimulus spending using the state-level allocations of federal stimulus funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009. Because the level and timing of stimulus funds that a state receives was potentially endogenous, I exploit the fact that most of these funds were allocated according to exogenous formulary allocation factors such as the number of federal highway miles in a state or its youth share of population. Cross-state IV results indicate that ARRA spending in its first year yielded about eight jobs per million dollars spent, or $125,000 per job. (JEL E24, E62, H72, H75, R23)
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Ingham, John N., and Robert E. Weems. "Desegregating the Dollar: African American Consumerism in the Twentieth Century." American Historical Review 104, no. 5 (1999): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2649441.
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Schwartz, Herman Mark. "American hegemony: intellectual property rights, dollar centrality, and infrastructural power." Review of International Political Economy 26, no. 3 (2019): 490–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2019.1597754.
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Lipsitz, George, and Robert E. Weems Jr. "Desegregating the Dollar: African American Consumerism in the Twentieth Century." Journal of American History 85, no. 4 (1999): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2568399.
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Hobbs, Robert, Judith E. Bernstock, and Rosalind A. Krauss. "Internationalism and American Art." Woman's Art Journal 12, no. 2 (1991): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1358284.
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Dubin, Steven C., and Cecile Whiting. "Antifascism in American Art." Contemporary Sociology 19, no. 5 (1990): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2072367.
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