Academic literature on the topic 'Dolus (Roman law)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dolus (Roman law)"
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Grebieniow, A. M. "Die laesio enormis und der dolus re ipsa heute: die Verschuldensfrage." Tijdschrift voor rechtsgeschiedenis 85, no. 1-2 (June 22, 2017): 192–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-08512p08.
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Laesio enormis and dolus in re ipsa nowadays: the question of fault. The mediaeval interpreters of Roman law have worked out the dolus re ipsa-concept to explain the mysterious laesio enormis (C. 4,44,2 [a. 285]). They supposed the inequality in exchange to be a result of malicious undertaking, for which paradoxically, no one was personally liable (D. 45,1,36 [Ulp. 48 Sab.]). In course of time, the incorporation of laesio enormis into the scheme of dolus turned into a presumption of a malicious act on the part of the enriched party, even though the laesio enormis is free from subjective criteria. It is astonishing how little the dolus re ipsa is discussed, although the modern paradigm for correcting inequality in exchange is based on the same assumptions. This ‘Wiederkehr der Rechtsfigur’ certainly deserves more attention.
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Colangelo, Lara. "The expression of the concepts of dolus and culpa in Chinese legal language: distinctive features and criticalities." Comparative Legilinguistics 54 (June 30, 2023): 70–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cl.54.2023.4.
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The ‘migration’ of concepts from one language to another, which takes place in cultural exchange, frequently gives rise to changes in the target language, primarily involving the lexical field. The reception of the Romanist legal tradition in China has led to the formation of a specialized lexicon which, along with the translation and production of Roman law-related works, has been subject to constant growth. This kind of terminological transposition has often resulted in the emergence in Chinese of more than one translatant for the same Latin word. As a concrete example of this phenomenon, this paper aims at providing a synoptical overview of the rendering in Chinese of the concepts of dolus and culpa, two legal institutions also largely connected to the field of commercial law. The sources analyzed from a diachronic and contrastive perspective range from the earliest manuals of Roman law published in China at the beginning of the twentieth century to recent documents, translated or directly composed in Chinese. More specifically, this paper will try to answer the following questions: what is the historical evolution of the main terms used in Chinese to express the concepts of dolus and culpa? What are the criteria adopted by Chinese translators/authors in choosing these terms? What are the main features and issues related to the linguistic rendering of the two legal institutions?As for the results of this study, attention will be paid to one of the peculiarities of the linguistic rendering of the concept of culpa, that is the use of two different translatants: guoshi 过失 and guocuo 过错. At the same time, another aspect on which this paper will shed light is the existence of a plethora of translatants related to the concept of dolus (qizha 欺诈, guyi 故意, zhaqi 诈欺, etc.). In this sense, on the one hand, it will be shown how the presence of multiple translatants is acceptable and useful when they are used to express the different shades of meaning conveyed by dolus and culpa that cannot be rendered by means of one single translatant for each of these two notions; on the other hand, this paper will highlight the necessity of a higher homogeneity and standardization of the Chinese Romanist lexicon.
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Jońca, Maciej. "Telum manu fugiens and Involuntary Homicide in Medieval Canon Law." Z Dziejów Prawa 15 (December 30, 2022): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/zdp.2022.23.08.
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Medieval jurists succeeded in making the first attempts, which then made it possible to rank the degrees of guilt as follows: dolus – culpa – casus. Roman law addressed cases of unintentional crimes in a descriptive manner. For the manslaughter situation, they used the description of a weapon that escaped someone’s hand on its own and caused a someone’s death. A regulation of this kind has already appeared in the Law of the XII Tables. The topos of a weapon that itself escapes from a man’s hand was also used by early Christian writers. From there it made its way into medieval compilations of canon law.
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Vuletic, Vladimir. "Tanka je linija što spaja i razdvaja: o nadmudrivanju i prevari u rimskoj klasičnoj prodaji." Pravo i privreda 61, no. 1 (March 24, 2023): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55836/pip_23103a.
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Th e Roman classical sale is one of the most striking expressions of the Roman legal genius. However, to a large extent, this institute is overshadowed by the infl uence and contribution of foreign ancient (primarily Greek) law, the existence of analogous responsibility of the buyer and seller, diff erent modalities and, fi nally, the specifi c defi nition of the essential elements of the contract, object and price. Th is was particularly evident in the slave and livestock markets, where contracting parties met in order to outsmart each other and achieve the best possible deal by subjectively determining the limit of success. What is a good deal for the seller, for the buyer can be a basis for a lawsuit that was not easy to come by quickly. Where does bona fi des end, where does circumsriptio, and where does dolus begin, what is the role of the contracting parties and what is their liability? Did Roman jurisprudents contribute to solving this problem and to what extent? In this paper, we tried to answer these questions because there is a thin line that connects and separates trickery from fraud.
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Święcicka, Paulina. "EKONOMICZNA ANALIZA ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI AKWILIAŃSKIEJ - PARADOKS CZY NOWA MOŻLIWOŚĆ ANALIZY ANTYCZNEJ REGULACJI PRAWNEJ." Zeszyty Prawnicze 6, no. 1 (June 22, 2017): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2006.6.1.13.
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Economic Analysis of Responsibility ex lege Aquilia - an Analytic Paradox or a New Possibility of Analysis of the Ancient LawSummaryDuring the last 200 years, economists have made important contributions to the analysis of many areas of law. Nevertheless, it is only during the last 25 years when the economists and legal scholars – have turned their attention in a systematic way to the analysis of torts, contracts, and criminal law. In spite of the youth of the sub-discipline that examines these branches, it has quickly become a discipline of great significance in the U. S. and, to a lesser extentin, Europe.We can also say, that the economic analysis of the tort liability is one of the most important achievements of law and economics. The main economic insight is that exposure to tort liability may induce potential victims and injurers to take actions before an accident occurs, which will minimize the social costs of accidents (where these social costs include the precautionary costs of victims and injurers, the accident losses suffered by both parties and the administrative costs of determining liability).In early times a person was held liable for wrongdoing if he acted without right (iniuria), and only if the death or the injury was the result of a direct contact between the body of the wrongdoer and the thing. After this period, in classical times, after an extensive interpretation of the text of the above mentioned lex, the wrongdoer had also be willful, negligent and reasonably foreseeable, i.e. his acting had to include dolus or culpa (neglegentia) . It is also obvious that the modern civil law constantly revolves around the terminology and constructions formed in the Roman law or on the grounds of the Roman law.One of aims of this paper is to show the similarities and the influences of Roman law on the modern legal systems in the sphere of civil liability founded on a principle o f fault- culpa. Another one is to elucidate possible factors which may lay under the development of this ancient concepts and also to attempt to establish a framework for examination of Roman legal rules through the intellectual apparatus provided by the modern Law & Economics.
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Van Schaik, F. "Vrijheid van meningsuiting en godsdienst versus het nondiscriminatiebeginsel." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 3, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2000/v3i2a2888.
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A certain tension between freedom of expression and the proscription of discrimination is present in post World War II international law. This tension is dealt with differently in different jurisdictions. This contribution addresses the manner in which the lawgiver and courts of the Netherlands have approached the matter.With reference to the relevant legal sources, the manner in which the law dealt with insult (especially of Jews and Roman Catholics) in the first half of the twentieth century is described, followed by a description of the reaction of some countries to the Convention on the Eradication of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD). The Netherlands government chose to build its implementation of CERD on the existing law of insult, making insult on grounds of race, religion, life view, gender or sexual orientation punishable. This has created a specific tension regarding the freedom of expression in insult cases.The relevant jurisprudence is discussed under three headings: * suspected antisemitism * extreme rightist politics * history writing on World War II and nazismThe wish of the Netherlands government has been to deal with the combating of racial discrimination in a manner which would not lead to undue limitations on the freedom of expression. Partly due to the nature of CERD, which was ratified by the Netherlands without reservation, the implementing legislation has however made strong inroads into freedom of expression. In the jurisprudence race was given a wide meaning while the courts held on to the doctrine on insult not requiring animus iniuriandi and accepting dolus eventualis as sufficient. Thus racial insult is easily established, limiting freedom of expression to a larger extent than in countries such as the USA and UK.
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Sitek, Bronisław. "ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚĆ ‘AGRIMENSORES’ A ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚĆ GEODETÓW." Zeszyty Prawnicze 14, no. 2 (December 7, 2016): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2014.14.2.07.
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THE LIABILITY OF THE ‘AGRIMENSORES’ AND SURVEYORS’ LIABILITYSummaryThe agrimensores played an important role in the society of ancien Rome. They were highly respected for their technical skills and knowledge of mathematics. The grounds for the liability of the agrimensores were material damage caused intentionally by surveyor (dolus) and intent to deceive (fallere). An agrimensor was not liable for damage caused as a result of lack of knowledge or experience (imperitia). If several agrimensores onducted the surveying activities they were jointly liable (in solidum), regardless of their individual contribution to the damage. This type of liability could not be used when it was not possible to assign blame to one of the agrimensores. An agrimensor who had a slave to do the measuring held the liability and could not resort to noxal responsibility. Noxal responsibility could be applied if the shoddy work had been performed by a slave; in such cases the party suffering the damage could obtain dominion over the slave who had caused it or receive full compensation from the slave’s owner. The injured party could seek compensation on the grounds of a praetorian actio in factum. The injured party and his heirs had the right to submit a claim, which was subsidiary and therefore penal in nature, which meant it could not be brought against the heirs of the perpetrators. Actio in factum was used as an actio utilis and actio ad exemplum in other similar cases in surveying activities, such as when measuring wine or grain. Nowadays a surveyor’s liability is civil, criminal, administrative or disciplinary. The first two types are important when a specific injury or offence occurs. In such cases only a surveyor who carried out the surveying or cartographic activities on his own is liable. The study shows that, despite some similarities, there are differences between the liabilities of Roman agrimensores and of modern surveyors. Roman law used a system of praetorian civil liability which was penal in character, while today we have a stratified system of liability of up to four separate levels, where the injured party may use only one or submit a cumulative claim, seeking civil damages, and claiming punishment for the perpetrators under criminal law and/or disciplinary proceedings.
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Martin, Dale B. "The Construction of the Ancient Family: Methodological Considerations." Journal of Roman Studies 86 (November 1996): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/300422.
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A remarkable new consensus, recognized even by its critics, has emerged among classical historians that ‘the normal Roman family seems to have been a “nuclear family” like our own’. The consensus is remarkable because practically all historians who support it admit that the portrait of the Roman family that emerges from many literary accounts and is enshrined in Roman law and language is nothing like the modern nuclear family. Saller demonstrates that the Romans had no term equivalent to ‘family’ in the modern sense, that is, the father-mother-children triad of the ‘nuclear family’. The English word ‘family’ has almost no relation to Roman concepts of familia and domus. As Saller explains, ‘Domus was used with regard to household and kinship to mean the physical house, the household including family and slaves, the broad kinship group including agnates and cognates, ancestors and descendants, and the patrimony’. The Latin familia, while usually narrower in reference than domus, also had little relation to anything meant by the English ‘family’.
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Sic, Magdolna. "Just Price (pretium iustum) and its application through history." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 120 (2006): 199–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0620199s.
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In this paper, without going into detailed theoretical considerations, we gave only the main development of thoughts about iustum pretium, as well as the outline of different methods of its realization through history, until today. The main problem is how to ensure the principle of equality between the contracting parties whose position is often unequal due to their different circumstances. The demand for equality of contracting parties in business relations and their mutual obligations (equivalence) was laid down by Aristotle in the early IV century B. C. Later the praetors have developed these principles, and they got their own further elaboration by pre-classical and classical roman jurists. Despite the fact that from the period of the Republic there already existed some sort of price control, mainly because of social reasons, the main rule was - that the price is just, if there is no lack of will one of the contractual parts: dolus, metus, error, or lack of experience in case of a person younger than twenty-five (minor), or women. They have considered in the first place the principle of bona fides in business relations. In modern theory, this concept is known as the subjective theory of the just price. In the post-classical period, due to special needs of poor small land-owners (in the period of Diocletian or Justinian) the seller of the land, who did not get even a half price of the value of a land sold, enjoyed protection even without its consideration and proving the lack of the will. Although there are only two provisions in Justinian's code about it, this rule, which was called laesio enormis in the Middle Ages (and founded the so-called, objective theory of just price), thanks to canon law mainly, with a lot of discussion in the Middle-Ages in theory and different solutions in practice, ius commune is accepted as a general rule. Modern codifications accepted in the first place the subjective theory about the just price. Somewhere in the sense of usury contracts (like in German BGB) or in combination with laesio enormis (for example, Code civil, ABGB, our Law of obligations), but only exceptionally, laesio enormis is accepted also in the objective sense (like in former Serbian Civil Code, and Hungarian Ptk). We can say that today there is a tendency of wider interpretation of the bona fides in practice when solving the question of equality of values, all with the aim of weaker party protection, usually the consumer. Council Directive 93/13 EEC protects the consumer with a new, objective rule: the prohibition of one-sided unfair contract clauses: if the clause harms the consumer neglects the bona fides requirements and if it results in considerable inequality in the rights and obligations of the contracting parties. A clause like that does not oblige the consumer. There is a tendency to apply this rule to all contracts, which means also on non-consumer contracts.
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Sverkos, Elias. "Geschäftsmänner zwischen Makedonien und Moesia Superior." Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, no. 16 (December 15, 2017): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2017.16.11.
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In this paper on the basis of the funerary inscription of a conductor named Gamicus, which was found in Hagio Pnevma (territorium of the Roman colony of Philippi), are examined the relations between Macedonia, Moesia Inferior and probably Epirus. Gamicus seems to belong to the senatorial family of Pontii; they are attested in the inscriptions from Ulpianum and its region and were even related by marriage with another senatorial family, i.e. the Furii. Both families owed their social position to the mines. Apart from the well known senator Gaius Furius Octavianus and his mother Furia Caecilia, the activity of the domus Furiana is known by the presence of its vilici and servi. Epigraphical testimonies show that the large estates of the Furii as well as the Pontii were situated in the southern part of Ulpianum and in the northwestern part of Scupi.
Although the gentilicium Furius is also widespread in the province of Macedonia, of particular interest to our subject, however, seem to be two inscriptions from the territorium of the Roman colony of Philippi. The first one is the epitaph erected by M. Varinius M. l. Celer for himself, his wife Varinia Marita, his daughters Primigenia and Pyralis as well as his son-in-law Furius Alcimus. Τhe second inscription (probably a dedication) lists the military offices of D. Furius Octavius Secundus, originally from Cures Sabinis, as well as the privileges bestowed to him by two colonies, Actia Nicopolis et Ulpia... The identification of Furius Alcimus with an homonymous libertus maternus of Furius Octavianus, referred in a passage of Ulpian, should be excluded. On the other hand, the presence of D. Furius Octavius Secundus in Philippi may nevertheless be connected to the exploitation of mines and quarries of this region. Furthermore, it is possible that he is an ancestor of C. Furius Octavianus and has prepared the requirements for the wealth of the domus Furiana and its adlectio in senatum.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dolus (Roman law)"
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Naumowicz, Pascal. "Fidei bonae nomen et societas vitae : contribution à l’étude des actions de bonne foi." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020007/document.
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En s’interrogeant sur une sentence de Quintus Mucius rapportée par Cicéron(Off. 3.70), cette étude entend montrer qu’au-delà de leur diversité et des évolutions qu’elles ont subies, les actions de bonne foi (iudicia bonae fidei)ont été depuis l’époque républicaine invariablement considérées par la jurisprudence romaine comme des actions fondées sur le ius civile, et non sur le pouvoir de juridiction du préteur, malgré le défaut de prévision législative qui les caractérise ; qu’elles furent initialement, pour l’essentiel d’entre elles,secrétées par le droit propre des citoyens romains, dans le cadre de rapports marqués par une certaine intimité de vie (societas vitae), et non du fait d’exigences liées au commerce avec les pérégrins. Corrélativement, la mention de la bonne foi dans leur formule (clause ex fide bona), loin de représenter le fondement d’un devoir moral ou de l’obligation juridique qu’elles protègent,représente un standard de jugement destiné à amplifier les pouvoirs du juge pour la résolution de ces contentieux rendus délicats par les liens d’affinité sociale fréquents entre les parties au litige. De la vient l’étonnante modernité procédurale de ces formules rédigées de manière diplomatique et euphémique. Ainsi l’opposition romaine entre « droit strict » et bonne foi concerne non pas le fondement de l’action, mais les particularités de l’instance et les pouvoirs du jugeActions of good faith (iudicia bonae fidei) have for long been suspected of being initially praetorian actions, which were probably for most of them created by the peregrine praetorship to enforce contracts passed by the strangers (peregrine), so that their material source is good faith (fides bona),expressed in their formula by the clause “ex fide bona”. Our research is an attempt to prove that :a) these actions were already considered as civilian actions in the later Republic, despite the lack of a statutory ground b)their initial scope was to protect typically Roman relationships; c)Thus, the clausulaex fide bona was a simple standard that enlarged the power of the judge and overlapped some of the strict rules of Roman civil procedure, as well as it took place in an euphemistic and diplomatic way of writing formulas, in order to respect the social affinity (societas vitae) between the parties
Books on the topic "Dolus (Roman law)"
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Sperandio, Marco Urbano. Dolus pro facto: Alle radici del problema giuridico del tentativo. Napoli: Jovene, 1998.
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Luigi, Garofalo, ed. L' eccezione di dolo generale: Diritto romano e tradizione romanistica. Padova: CEDAM, 2006.
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Beul, Carsten René. Si mensor falsum modum dixerit: Untersuchungen zu D.11,6, zu den Artes liberales und zum Dolus malus. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1998.
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Vigorita, Tullio Spagnuolo. Casta domus: Un seminario sulla legislazione matrimoniale augustea. Napoli: Jovene, 1998.
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Vigorita, Tullio Spagnuolo. Casta domus: Un seminario sulla legislazione matrimoniale augustea : parte prima e seconda. Napoli: Jovene, 1998.
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Romana, Catholic Church Rota, ed. Errore e dolo nella giurisprudenza della Rota Romana. Città del Vaticano: Libreria editrice vaticana, 2001.
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Godden, Rumer. The story of Holly and Ivy. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Puffin Books, 1987.
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Godden, Rumer. The story of Holly & Ivy. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Viking Kestrel, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Dolus (Roman law)"
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Mateos Cruz, Pedro, and Félix Palma García. "La domus de la “Huerta de Otero” en Mérida." In No 4 (2020): Homenaje a la Profesora Carmen Fernández Ochoa, 317–24. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/ane4.ochoa2020.025.
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La Huerta de Otero es una Zona Arqueológica situada en el lado occidental de la ciudad de Mérida, delimitada por el dique de contención del río Ana y el muro sur de la alcazaba árabe. Se trata de un solar que fue objeto de excavaciones arqueológicas en 1976 como paso previo a su adquisición por parte de la Administración Central. En dicha intervención se sacaron a la luz los restos de una domus romana y de un lienzo de la muralla de la ciudad. Tras décadas de abandono, a inicios de 2019, se comenzó un proyecto de investigación que tiene como objetivo la documentación integral del solar mediante excavaciones arqueológicas y prospecciones geofísicas y la adecuación a la visita pública de los restos exhumados. En esta aportación damos a conocer la naturaleza de estos restos, hasta ahora inéditos, y las características del proyecto de investigación y socialización que se pretende desarrollar en dicho lugar.
Conference papers on the topic "Dolus (Roman law)"
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Fenoll Cascales, José. "Vinum vivat! La uva y el vino en la Antigüedad a través de los paneles que Sorolla pintó para Rafael Errázuriz: La Vendimia y La Prensa de la Vid." In 3er Congreso Internacional sobre Patrimonio Alimentario y Museos. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/egem2021.2021.13312.
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La presente comunicación estudia cómo se realizaba la recolección de uva y la producción de vino en la Antigüedad a partir del conjunto de paneles realizados por el pintor valenciano, Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida. Esta serie de cuatro pinturas de gran formato encargadas por el empresario vinícola Rafael Errázuriz, reflejan las distintas concepciones de este alimento en el mundo grecolatino, desde su cultivo en los interiores de las domus, hasta el consumo de vino en las festividades asociadas a Baco. El sistema de prensado siguiendo el modelo de prensa romana y el almacenamiento del preciado líquido en un ánfora Dressel, atisban un cuidado estudio de referencias arqueológicas reales a la hora de componer las escenas. Especialmente en La Vendimia y La Prensa de la Vid donde el pintor se acercó de manera muy exacta a dos imágenes que reflejan de perfectamente como fueron los procedimientos de producción de vino en el Mediterráneo Antiguo y en concreto en época romana. A tenor de los hechos, se ha de reivindicar a Sorolla como la figura de un pintor interesado por representar de manera fidedigna los pasajes de tiempos anteriores plasmados en sus cuadros, creando así fuentes visuales de especial relevancia para la documentación alimentaria. Destacando sobre todo dicha documentación en las obras ambientadas en la Antigüedad clásica, tal y como venía haciendo desde el inicio de su pensionado romano en 1884, doce años antes de iniciar estos paneles enológicos objeto de estudio.
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Ferraro, Fabrizio, Enrico Sciubba, and Claudia Toro. "Integrated Study of a Minimum Exergy Destruction Building Conditioning System." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62672.
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The relatively low average conversion efficiency of air-conditioning systems and the recently imposed upper bounds to the final energy use in the heating and cooling of residential buildings suggest to consider new approaches to design less energy intensive systems. An integrated, exergy-based approach for the optimal matching of internal and external heating plants in building conditioning systems has been proposed — and its theoretical basis discussed — in a previous paper. The procedure allows the designer to obtain a pseudo-optimal integration of the building and its heating plant (heating element + primary energy supply system) and to identify, among a set of alternative solutions for the building under examination, the thermodynamically most efficient plant. The objective of this paper is to validate the method on a real building in order to demonstrate its practical applicability. The large “Chiostro Hall” (220 square meters, 1245 cubic meters) of the Engineering School of the University “Sapienza” of Roma has been employed as the benchmark. This is the main hall of the building, reconverted from a previously existing Renaissance structure, the old convent of San Lorenzo in Panisperna, which was in turn built on the ruins of a pre-christian roman basilica and of a portion of emperor Nero’s Domus Aurea. The hall consists of two semi-connected rooms, originally the Refectory of the old Convent, that are now used for public events, conferences and graduation ceremonies. This structure can be considered as a model case for similar halls in historical buildings, so that the guidelines deriving from the present study can be extended to other similar environments. The current heating elements are traditional radiators: in our simulations, they have been successively replaced by other elements such as floor and ceiling heating panels and fan coils. Each one of these configurations (the hall and its heating elements) has been modeled and simulated via a commercial CFD code to generate detailed thermal maps and to compute the actual thermal load. Different global “heating chains” were then modeled by coupling solar and hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) panels with radiant panels and ground-source heat pumps with fan coils and radiant heating panels. Finally by means of a process simulator software each one of these configurations was analyzed to identify the one that provides the same comfort level with the least exergy use. The procedure also allows to calculate the savings obtained in terms of primary resources.