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Kroft, Paul, and Christopher D. Wickens. "Displaying multi-domain graphical databases." Information Design Journal 11, no. 1 (2003): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.11.1.06kro.
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Display designers are often given the challenge of placing a large amount of information within a limited amount of display ‘real estate’. One possible solution to the problem is combining databases of information pertaining to the same spatial area into one, integrated display, reducing the amount of scanning required and allowing information to be presented in a larger display. On the other hand, integration will also increase the clutter of the displays. The effects of clutter may be mitigated through the use of decluttering techniques, but some of these solutions may require additional user interactivity. In the experiment, student pilots used six display configurations to answer multiple choice questions about the current airspace situation. Two databases, a navigation database and an air hazard database, were presented in each display. In addition, the type of question (focused or divided attention) was manipulated to assess the effects of the task on display performance. Responses were faster when the databases were integrated than separated, particularly when questions required integration across both databases, where accuracy also was greater. These results suggest that the combined benefits of reduced scanning and larger display size outweigh the costs of clutter. Interaction of any sort imposed a time cost, which was greatest when the questions involved both databases.
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Bennett, Kevin B., and John M. Flach. "Graphical Displays: Implications for Divided Attention, Focused Attention, and Problem Solving." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 34, no. 5 (1992): 513–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872089203400502.
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When completing tasks in complex, dynamic domains observers must consider the relationships among many variables (e.g., integrated tasks) as well as the values of individual variables (e.g., focused tasks). A critical issue in display design is whether or not a single display format can achieve the dual design goals of supporting performance at both types of tasks. We consider this issue from a variety of perspectives. One relevant perspective is the basic research on attention and object perception, which concentrates on the interaction between visual features and processing capabilities. The principles of configurality are discussed, with the conclusion that they support the possibility of achieving the dual design goals. These considerations are necessary but not sufficient for effective display design. Graphic displays map information from a domain into visual features; the tasks to be completed are defined in terms of the domain, not in terms of the visual features alone. The implications of this subtle but extremely important difference are discussed. The laboratory research investigating alternative display formats is reviewed. Much like the attention literature, the results do not rule out the possibility that the dual design goals can be achieved.
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McCann, Robert S., Jeannie Lynch, David C. Foyle, and James C. Johnston. "Modelling Attentional Effects with Head-up Displays." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 19 (1993): 1345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118193784162218.
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Previous research (McCann, Foyle, & Johnston, 1993) has shown that in a simulated approach to a runway, performance of a choice reaction time task is faster when all relevant information is available on the HUD or in the world, compared to when information has to be acquired from both domains. The present experiment tested two attentional models of these results: attention switching and attention sharing. Removing differential motion cues from the display, so that both the HUD and the world were motionless, attenuated the domain effect. The attenuated difference reflected both slower responses on within-domain trials and faster responses on between-domain trials. We conclude that performance with Head-Up Displays is affected by both attention switching and the degree to which attention is shared between domains.
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Wickens, Christopher D. "The When and How of Using 2-D and 3-D Displays for Operational Tasks." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 21 (2000): 3–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402107.
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Three different cannonical viewpoints into a 3D domain are defined to create a taxonomy of 3D displays. We then show how the information processing demands of each display viewpoint, provides benefits and or imposes costs on four categories of tasks, involving travel, image matching or situation awareness, visual search, and precise judgments. These task-display interactions are illustrated from experiments in aviation display design, battlefield judgments, and data visualization. Conclusions are offered regarding two possible ways of addressing the task-display interactions in design.
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Lee, Chang-Ju, Jong Kang Park, Han-Eol Seo, Junho Huh, and Jung-Hoon Chun. "Fully Differential Touch Screen Controller with Wide Input Dynamic Range for Thin Displays." Sensors 20, no. 3 (2020): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030837.
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As today’s smartphone displays become thinner, the coupling capacitance between the display electrodes and touch screen panel (TSP) electrodes is increasing significantly. The increased capacitance easily introduces time-varying display signals into the TSP, deteriorating the touch performance. In this research, we demonstrate that the maximum peak display noise in the time domain is approximately 30% of the maximum voltage difference of the display grayscale through analysis of the structure and operation of displays. Then, to mitigate display noise, we propose a circuit solution that uses a fully differential charge amplifier with an input dynamic range wider than the maximum peak of the display noise. A test chip was fabricated using a 0.35 μm CMOS process and achieved a signal-to-noise ratio of 41 dB for a 6-mm-diameter metal pillar touch when display pulses with 5-V swing were driven at 100 kHz.
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Mummadi, Srinivas R., and Raghavendra Mishra. "Effectiveness of provider price display in computerized physician order entry (CPOE) on healthcare quality: a systematic review." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 25, no. 9 (2018): 1228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy076.
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Abstract Objective To study the association between Electronic Health Record (EHR)/Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) provider price display, and domains of healthcare quality (efficiency, effective care, patient centered care, patient safety, equitable care, and timeliness of care). Methods Randomized and non-randomized studies assessing the relationship between healthcare quality domains and EHR/CPOE provider price display published between 1/1/1980 to 2/1/2018 were included. MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase were searched. Assessment of internal validity of the included studies was performed with a modified Downs-Black checklist. Results Screening of 1118 abstracts was performed resulting in selection of 41 manuscripts for full length review. A total of 13 studies were included in the final analysis. Thirteen studies reported on efficiency domain, one on effectiveness and one on patient safety. Studies assessing relationship between provider price display and patient centered, equitable and timely care domains were not retrieved. Quality of the studies varied widely (Range 6-12 out of a maximum possible score of 13). Provider price display in electronic health record environment did not consistently influence domains of healthcare quality such as efficiency, effectiveness and patient safety. Conclusions Published evidence suggests that price display tools aimed at ordering providers in EHR/CPOE do not influence the efficiency domain of healthcare quality. Scant published evidence suggests that they do not influence the effectiveness and patient safety domains of healthcare quality. Future studies are needed to assess the relationship between provider price display and unexplored domains of healthcare quality (patient centered, equitable, and timely care). Registration PROSPERO registration: CRD42018082227
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Del Fiol, Guilherme, Jorie Butler, Yarden Livnat, et al. "Feasibility of population health analytics and data visualization for decision support in the infectious diseases domain." Applied Clinical Informatics 07, no. 02 (2016): 604–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2015-12-ra-0182.
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SummaryBig data or population-based information has the potential to reduce uncertainty in medicine by informing clinicians about individual patient care. The objectives of this study were: 1) to explore the feasibility of extracting and displaying population-based information from an actual clinical population’s database records, 2) to explore specific design features for improving population display, 3) to explore perceptions of population information displays, and 4) to explore the impact of population information display on cognitive outcomes.We used the Veteran’s Affairs (VA) database to identify similar complex patients based on a similar complex patient case. Study outcomes measures were 1) preferences for population information display 2) time looking at the population display, 3) time to read the chart, and 4) appropriateness of plans with pre-and post-presentation of population data. Finally, we redesigned the population information display based on our findings from this study.The qualitative data analysis for preferences of population information display resulted in four themes: 1) trusting the big/population data can be an issue, 2) embedded analytics is necessary to explore patient similarities, 3) need for tools to control the view (overview, zoom and filter), and 4) different presentations of the population display can be beneficial to improve the display. We found that appropriateness of plans was at 60% for both groups (t9=-1.9; p=0.08), and overall time looking at the population information display was 2.3 minutes versus 3.6 minutes with experts processing information faster than non-experts (t8= -2.3, p=0.04).A population database has great potential for reducing complexity and uncertainty in medicine to improve clinical care. The preferences identified for the population information display will guide future health information technology system designers for better and more intuitive display.
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Hughes, Darren L., Prachi Stafford, Samir W. Hamaia та ін. "Platelet integrin α2 I-domain specific antibodies produced via domain specific DNA vaccination combined with variable gene phage display". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 94, № 12 (2005): 1318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th05-06-0410.
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SummaryAntibodies are a powerful tool for structure/function studies of platelet proteins. However, classic immunisation frequently elicits antibody responses against domains of minor functional interest. Robust strategies to generate antibodies against defined domains would be of significant interest in post-genome research. In this study, we report a new strategy using a combination of DNA vaccination and V gene phage display that allows the rapid generation of domain specific single-chain Fv antibodies (scFvs).This system was validated using the I-domain of α2 integrin as a model. The α2β1 integrin, which is expressed on many cell types, is the dominant collagen attachment receptor on platelets, functioning in close interplay with the collagen signalling receptor glycoproteinVI. A novel set of I-domain specific antibodies was obtained by a DNA vaccination/V gene repertoire cloning approach. Mice were first immunized with a DNA vaccine in which the α2 I-domain is expressed as a fusion protein with fragment C of tetanus toxoid (FrC-TT).Then the heavy and kappa light chain variable gene repertoires were rescued from immune splenocytes using antibody phage display. A total of four α2 I-domain specific scFvs were isolated by selection on recombinant I-domain or native platelet α2β1 integrin. Characterisation of the scFvs indicated that they recognised distinct epitopes that had profound differences in accessibility between native and recombinant I-domain. Our data suggest DNA immunisation and phage display represent versatile alternatives to protein immunisation and hybridoma-fusion techniques for the isolation of recombinant antibody reagents. This approach will be particularly useful for the generation of domain or splicevariant specific antibodies that recognise native protein.
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Reed, Charlotte M., William M. Rabinowitz, Nathaniel I. Durlach, et al. "Analytic Study of the Tadoma Method." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 35, no. 2 (1992): 450–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3502.450.
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Although results obtained with the Tadoma method of speechreading have set a new standard for tactual speech communication, they are nevertheless inferior to those obtained in the normal auditory domain. Speech reception through Tadoma is comparable to that of normal-hearing subjects listening to speech under adverse conditions corresponding to a speech-to-noise ratio of roughly 0 dB. The goal of the current study was to demonstrate improvements to speech reception through Tadoma through the use of supplementary tactual information, thus leading to a new standard of performance in the tactual domain. Three supplementary tactual displays were investigated: (a) an articulatory-based display of tongue contact with the hard palate; (b) a multichannel display of the short-term speech spectrum; and (c) tactual reception of Cued Speech. The ability of laboratory-trained subjects to discriminate pairs of speech segments that are highly confused through Tadoma was studied for each of these augmental displays. Generally, discrimination tests were conducted for Tadoma alone, the supplementary display alone, and Tadoma combined with the supplementary tactual display. The results indicated that the tongue-palate contact display was an effective supplement to Tadoma for improving discrimination of consonants, but that neither the tongue-palate contact display nor the short-term spectral display was highly effective in improving vowel discriminability. For both vowel and consonant stimulus pairs, discriminability was nearly perfect for the tactual reception of the manual cues associated with Cued Speech. Further experiments on the identification of speech segments were conducted for Tadoma combined with Cued Speech. The observed data for both discrimination and identification experiments are compared with the predictions of models of integration of information from separate sources.
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Yeh, Michelle, James L. Merlo, Christopher D. Wickens, and David L. Brandenburg. "Head Up versus Head Down: The Costs of Imprecision, Unreliability, and Visual Clutter on Cue Effectiveness for Display Signaling." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 45, no. 3 (2003): 390–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/hfes.45.3.390.27249.
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We conducted 2 experiments to investigate the clutter-scan trade-off between the cost of increasing clutter by overlaying complex information onto the forward field of view using a helmet-mounted display (HMD) and the cost of scanning when presenting this information on a handheld display. In the first experiment, this tradeoff was examined in terms of the spatial accuracy of target cuing data in a relatively sparse display; in the second, the spatial accuracy of the cue was varied more radically in an information-rich display. Participants were asked to detect and identify targets hidden in the far domain while performing a monitoring task in the near domain using either an HMD or a handheld display. The results revealed that on a sparse display, the reduced scanning from the HMD presentation of cuing outweighed the costs of clutter for cued targets, regardless of cue precision, but no benefit was found for uncued targets. When the HMD displayed task-irrelevant information, however, target detection was hindered by the extraneous clutter in the forward field of view relative to the handheld display condition, and this cost of clutter increased as the amount of data that needed to be inspected increased. Potential applications of this research include the development of design considerations for head-up displays for aviation and military applications.
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Sundell, Gustav N., and Ylva Ivarsson. "Interaction Analysis through Proteomic Phage Display." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/176172.
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Phage display is a powerful technique for profiling specificities of peptide binding domains. The method is suited for the identification of high-affinity ligands with inhibitor potential when using highly diverse combinatorial peptide phage libraries. Such experiments further provide consensus motifs for genome-wide scanning of ligands of potential biological relevance. A complementary but considerably less explored approach is to display expression products of genomic DNA, cDNA, open reading frames (ORFs), or oligonucleotide libraries designed to encode defined regions of a target proteome on phage particles. One of the main applications of such proteomic libraries has been the elucidation of antibody epitopes. This review is focused on the use of proteomic phage display to uncover protein-protein interactions of potential relevance for cellular function. The method is particularly suited for the discovery of interactions between peptide binding domains and their targets. We discuss the largely unexplored potential of this method in the discovery of domain-motif interactions of potential biological relevance.
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Chen, Huei-Yen, and Catherine M. Burns. "Work Domain Analysis for the Interface Design of a Sonobuoy System." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 4 (2007): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705100429.
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Modern sonar systems have greatly improved their sensor technology and processing techniques, but little effort has been put into display design for sonar data. The enormous amount of acoustic data presented by the traditional frequency versus time display can be overwhelming for a sonar operator to monitor and analyze. In addition to their normal sonar tasks, sonobuoy system operators manage the deployment of sonobuoys and ensure proper functioning of deployed sonobuoys. This paper describes a work domain analysis carried out as part of an interface design project targeting the sonobuoy system on board a maritime patrol aircraft. The domain of sonobuoy management and the domain of tactical situation awareness were modeled separately to address the two different aspects of the operator's work. Information requirements were drawn from the two models. Some of these requirements have significant implications for new design ideas that were previously overlooked in displays for sonobuoy systems.
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Darriba, Álvaro, Paula Pazo-Álvarez, Almudena Capilla, and Elena Amenedo. "Oscillatory Brain Activity in the Time Frequency Domain Associated to Change Blindness and Change Detection Awareness." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 2 (2012): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00073.
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Despite the importance of change detection (CD) for visual perception and for performance in our environment, observers often miss changes that should be easily noticed. In the present study, we employed time–frequency analysis to investigate the neural activity associated with CD and change blindness (CB). Observers were presented with two successive visual displays and had to look for a change in orientation in any one of four sinusoid gratings between both displays. Theta power increased widely over the scalp after the second display when a change was consciously detected. Relative to no-change and CD, CB was associated with a pronounced theta power enhancement at parietal-occipital and occipital sites and broadly distributed alpha power suppression during the processing of the prechange display. Finally, power suppressions in the beta band following the second display show that, even when a change is not consciously detected, it might be represented to a certain degree. These results show the potential of time–frequency analysis to deepen our knowledge of the temporal curse of the neural events underlying CD. The results further reveal that the process resulting in CB begins even before the occurrence of the change itself.
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Dong Jianwen, 董建文, 陈定尘 Chen Dingchen, 庞晓宁 Pang Xiaoning, 刘远致 Liu Yuanzhi, and 许宗玺 Xu Zongxi. "Spatial-Domain Computer Generated Holographic Three-Dimensional Display." Chinese Journal of Lasers 41, no. 7 (2014): 0701001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201441.0701001.
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Chen, J., P. J. Bos, D. R. Bryant, D. L. Johnson, S. H. Jamal, and J. R. Kelly. "Simple four‐domain twisted nematic liquid crystal display." Applied Physics Letters 67, no. 14 (1995): 1990–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114763.
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Feng, Ruonan, Ruixue Wang, Jessica Hong, Christopher M. Dower, Brad St Croix, and Mitchell Ho. "Isolation of rabbit single domain antibodies to B7-H3 via protein immunization and phage display." Antibody Therapeutics 3, no. 1 (2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abt/tbaa002.
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Abstract Single domain antibodies have certain advantages including their small size, high stability and excellent tissue penetration, making them attractive drug candidates. Rabbit antibodies can recognize diverse epitopes, including those that are poorly immunogenic in mice and humans. In the present study, we established a method to isolate rabbit VH single domain antibodies for potential cancer therapy. We immunized rabbits with recombinant human B7-H3 (CD276) protein, made a phage-displayed rabbit VH single domain library with a diversity of 7 × 109, and isolated two binders (A1 and B1; also called RFA1 and RFB1) from phage panning. Both rabbit VH single domains exhibited antigen-dependent binding to B7-H3-positive tumor cell lines but not B7-H3 knockout tumor cell lines. Our study shows that protein immunization followed by phage display screening can be used to isolate rabbit single domain antibodies. The two single domain antibodies reported here may have potential applications in cancer immunotherapy.
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Mutt, Eshita, Abhijit Mitra, and R. Sowdhamini. "Search for Protein Sequence Homologues that Display Considerable Domain Length Variations." International Journal of Knowledge Discovery in Bioinformatics 2, no. 2 (2011): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jkdb.2011040104.
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Independent folding units which have the capability of carrying out biological functions have been classified as “protein domains”. These minimal structural units lead not only to considerable sequence changes of protein domains of similar folds and functions, but also gives rise to remarkable length variations under evolutionary pressure. Rapid and heuristic sequence search algorithms are generally sensitive and effective in recognizing protein domains that are distantly related within large sequence databases, but are not well-suited to identify remote homologues of varying lengths. An even more challenging aspect is introduced to distinguish reliable hits from a vast number of putative false positives that could have suboptimal sequence similarities. Here, the authors present a data-mining approach that provides stage-specific filters in sequence searches to reliably accumulate remote homologues, which encourages sampling of length variations albeit with a low false positive rate. Realization of such remote homologues with vivid length variations could contribute to better understanding of functional variety within protein domain superfamilies.
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Ding, Deqiang, Chao Wei, Kunzhe Dong, et al. "LOTUS domain is a novel class of G-rich and G-quadruplex RNA binding domain." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 16 (2020): 9262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa652.
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Abstract LOTUS domains are helix-turn-helix protein folds identified in essential germline proteins and are conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Despite originally predicted as an RNA binding domain, its molecular binding activity towards RNA and protein is controversial. In particular, the most conserved binding property for the LOTUS domain family remains unknown. Here, we uncovered an unexpected specific interaction of LOTUS domains with G-rich RNA sequences. Intriguingly, LOTUS domains exhibit high affinity to RNA G-quadruplex tertiary structures implicated in diverse cellular processes including piRNA biogenesis. This novel LOTUS domain-RNA interaction is conserved in bacteria, plants and animals, comprising the most ancient binding feature of the LOTUS domain family. By contrast, LOTUS domains do not preferentially interact with DNA G-quadruplexes. We further show that a subset of LOTUS domains display both RNA and protein binding activities. These findings identify the LOTUS domain as a specialized RNA binding domain across phyla and underscore the molecular mechanism underlying the function of LOTUS domain-containing proteins in RNA metabolism and regulation.
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Bao, Chen, and Bi Sheng. "Research on Virtual Reality Display of Ceramic Products." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 05098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123605098.
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With the synchronized development of computer and communication technology and the rapid rise and popularization of phase network technology, information application system has achieved a qualitative leap in breadth and depth. As a technical medium, virtual reality display provides a wedge machine for the development of different domains, including the ceramic domain. The employ of virtual reality technology to display ceramic products enable users to integrate into virtual products and virtual scenes, and interact with the exhibits in the scene at any time, which provides convenience for the display of ceramic products, thus promoting the development of ceramic industry and the spread of ceramic culture.
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Bregović, Robert, Péter Tamás Kovács, and Atanas Gotchev. "Optimization of light field display-camera configuration based on display properties in spectral domain." Optics Express 24, no. 3 (2016): 3067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.003067.
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Ma, Ji, Rongge Sun, Xuanbin Liu, Xinghai Lu, Lifa Hu, and Li Xuan. "Analysis of display defects in the multi-domain vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display." Displays 33, no. 4-5 (2012): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2012.08.006.
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Wijaya, Wahyu Wijaya Widiyanto, and Edy Susanto. "New Normal: Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Penjualan Menggunakan Metode SDLC (System Development Life Cycle)." Jurnal Sustainable: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Industri Terapan 10, no. 1 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/sustainable.v10i1.3190.
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The world of information technology is currently developing very rapidly to enter various activities, activities and human life. Including one of them in the company CV. ABSystem.co.id sells software products, in the form of applications, websites, domain hosting and various other application products. CV. ABSystem.co.id previously had a website that contained a complete company profile, access to blogging, product sales and customer service. Many customers don't know how to process the product purchase and there are still many who contact the admin. This research uses the SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) method as well as the PHP and MySql programming languages. The results of this research are in the form of website development in helping and making it easier for admins and customers, the accuracy of the development of this sales information system with the blackbox method with successful trial results from the login display to enter the username and password, the display of the category input form to enter a new product category, the display of the input form. The product enters a new product, the order mutation display shows the purchase transaction data, the change password view displays the page for changing the password, the menu view displays the home page, the product detail view displays the product detail page, the cart detail view displays the contents of the shopping cart, the checkout view displays the product order form , The testimonial menu display includes criticism of consumer suggestions, The about us menu displays company information.
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Lattemann, Claus T., Jochen Maurer, Elke Gerland та Thomas F. Meyer. "Autodisplay: Functional Display of Active β-Lactamase on the Surface of Escherichia coli by the AIDA-I Autotransporter". Journal of Bacteriology 182, № 13 (2000): 3726–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.13.3726-3733.2000.
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ABSTRACT Members of the protein family of immunoglobulin A1 protease-like autotransporters comprise multidomain precursors consisting of a C-terminal autotransporter domain that promotes the translocation of N-terminally attached passenger domains across the cell envelopes of gram-negative bacteria. Several autotransporter domains have recently been shown to efficiently promote the export of heterologous passenger domains, opening up an effective tool for surface display of heterologous proteins. Here we report on the autotransporter domain of the Escherichia coli adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA-I), which was genetically fused to the C terminus of the periplasmic enzyme β-lactamase, leading to efficient expression of the fusion protein in E. coli. The β-lactamase moiety of the fusion protein was presented on the bacterial surface in a stable manner, and the surface-located β-lactamase was shown to be enzymatically active. Enzymatic activity was completely removed by protease treatment, indicating that surface display of β-lactamase was almost quantitative. The periplasmic domain of the outer membrane protein OmpA was not affected by externally added proteases, demonstrating that the outer membranes of E. coli cells expressing the β-lactamase AIDA-I fusion protein remained physiologically intact.
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Tamang, Lakpa Dorje, and Byung Wook Kim. "Spectral Domain-Based Data-Embedding Mechanisms for Display-to-Camera Communication." Electronics 10, no. 4 (2021): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040468.
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Recently, digital displays and cameras have been extensively used as new data transmission and reception devices in conjunction with optical camera communication (OCC) technology. This paper presents three types of frequency-based data-embedding mechanisms for a display-to-camera (D2C) communication system, in which a commercial digital display transmits information and an off-the-shelf smartphone camera receives it. For the spectral embedding, sub-band coefficients obtained from a discrete cosine transform (DCT) image and predetermined embedding factors of three embedding mechanisms are used. This allows the data to be recovered from several types of noises induced in wireless optical channels, such as analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion, rotation, scaling, and translation (RST) effects, while also maintaining the image quality to normal human eyes. We performed extensive simulations and real-world D2C experiments using several performance metrics. Through the analysis of the experimental results, it was shown that the proposed method can be considered as a suitable candidate for the D2C system in terms of the achievable data rate (ADR), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and the bit error rate (BER).
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Pinet, Louise, Nadine Assrir, and Carine van Heijenoort. "Expanding the Disorder-Function Paradigm in the C-Terminal Tails of Erbbs." Biomolecules 11, no. 11 (2021): 1690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111690.
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ErbBs are receptor tyrosine kinases involved not only in development, but also in a wide variety of diseases, particularly cancer. Their extracellular, transmembrane, juxtamembrane, and kinase folded domains were described extensively over the past 20 years, structurally and functionally. However, their whole C-terminal tails (CTs) following the kinase domain were only described at atomic resolution in the last 4 years. They were shown to be intrinsically disordered. The CTs are known to be tyrosine-phosphorylated when the activated homo- or hetero-dimers of ErbBs are formed. Their phosphorylation triggers interaction with phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) or Src Homology 2 (SH2) domains and activates several signaling pathways controling cellular motility, proliferation, adhesion, and apoptosis. Beyond this passive role of phosphorylated domain and site display for partners, recent structural and function studies unveiled active roles in regulation of phosphorylation and interaction: the CT regulates activity of the kinase domain; different phosphorylation states have different compaction levels, potentially modulating the succession of phosphorylation events; and prolines have an important role in structure, dynamics, and possibly regulatory interactions. Here, we review both the canonical role of the disordered CT domains of ErbBs as phosphotyrosine display domains and the recent findings that expand the known range of their regulation functions linked to specific structural and dynamic features.
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Lindholm, Agneta, Andreas Smeds, and Airi Palva. "Receptor Binding Domain of Escherichia coli F18 Fimbrial Adhesin FedF Can Be both Efficiently Secreted and Surface Displayed in a Functional Form in Lactococcus lactis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 4 (2004): 2061–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.4.2061-2071.2004.
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ABSTRACT Adherence of F18 fimbrial Escherichia coli to porcine intestinal epithelial cells is mediated by the adhesin (FedF) of F18 fimbriae. In a previous study, we demonstrated the specificity of the amino acid residues between 60 and 109 as the receptor binding domain of FedF. In this study, different expression, secretion, and anchoring systems for the receptor binding domain of the FedF adhesin in Lactococcus lactis were evaluated. Two partially overlapping receptor binding domains (42 and 62 amino acid residues) were expressed as fusions with L. lactis subsp. cremoris protein PrtP for evaluation of secretion efficiency. To evaluate the cell surface display of these FedF-PrtP fusions, they were further combined with different lengths of PrtP spacers fused with either the L. lactis AcmA anchor or the PrtP cell wall binding domain. An HtrA-defective L. lactis NZ9000 mutant was constructed to determine its effect on the level of secreted or anchored fusion proteins. Recombinant L. lactis clones secreting the receptor binding domain of F18 fimbriae as a fusion with the H domains of L. lactis protein PrtP were first constructed by using two different signal peptides. FedF-PrtP fusions, directed by the signal sequence of L. brevis SlpA, were throughout found to be secreted at significantly higher quantities than corresponding fusions with the signal peptide of L. lactis Usp45. In the surface display systems tested, the L. lactis AcmA anchor performed significantly better, particularly in the L. lactis NZ9000ΔhtrA strain, compared to the L. lactis PrtP anchor region. Of the cell surface display constructs with the AcmA anchor, only those with the longest PrtP spacer regions resulted in efficient binding of recombinant L. lactis cells to porcine intestinal epithelial cells. These results confirmed that it is possible to efficiently produce the receptor binding domain of the F18 adhesin in a functionally active form in L. lactis.
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Nam, Taek-Su, Ro-Hae Myung, and Seung-Kweon Hong. "The Application of Work Domain Analysis for the Development of Vehicle Control Display." Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea 26, no. 4 (2007): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5143/jesk.2007.26.4.127.
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Taylor, Holly A., Tad T. Brunyé, and Scott T. Taylor. "Spatial Mental Representation: Implications for Navigation System Design." Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics 4, no. 1 (2008): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/155723408x342835.
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Similarities exist in how people process and represent spatial information and in the factors that contribute to disorientation, whether one is moving through airspace, on the ground, or surgically within the body. As such, design principles for presenting spatial information should bear similarities across these domains but also be somewhat specific to each. In this chapter, we review research in spatial cognition and its application to navigation system design for within-vehicle, aviation, and endoscopic navigation systems. Taken together, the research suggests three general principles for navigation system design consideration. First, multimedia displays should present spatial information visually and action and description information verbally. Second, display organizations should meet users' dynamic navigational goals. Third, navigation systems should be adaptable to users' spatial information preferences. Designers of adaptive navigation display technologies can maximize the effectiveness of those technologies by appealing to the basic spatial cognition processes employed by all users while conforming to user's domain-specific requirements.
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Legardinier, Sébastien, Jean-François Hubert, Olivier Le Bihan, et al. "Sub-domains of the dystrophin rod domain display contrasting lipid-binding and stability properties." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics 1784, no. 4 (2008): 672–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.12.014.
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Han, Zhenlin, Bei Zhang, Yi E. Wang, Yi Y. Zuo, and Wei Wen Su. "Self-Assembled Amyloid-Like Oligomeric-Cohesin Scaffoldin for Augmented Protein Display on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Surface." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 9 (2012): 3249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07745-11.
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ABSTRACTIn this study, a molecular self-assembly strategy to develop a novel protein scaffold for amplifying the extent and variety of proteins displayed on the surface ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeis presented. The cellulosomal scaffolding protein cohesin and its upstream hydrophilic domain (HD) were genetically fused with the yeast Ure2p N-terminal fibrillogenic domain consisting of residues 1 to 80 (Ure2p1-80). The resulting Ure2p1-80-HD-cohesin fusion protein was successfully expressed inEscherichia colito produce self-assembled supramolecular nanofibrils that serve as a novel protein scaffold displaying multiple copies of functional cohesin domains. The amyloid-like property of the nanofibrils was confirmed via thioflavin T staining and atomic force microscopy. These cohesin nanofibrils attached themselves, via a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-dockerin fusion protein, to the cell surface ofS. cerevisiaeengineered to display a GFP-nanobody. The excess cohesin units on the nanofibrils provide ample sites for binding to dockerin fusion proteins, as exemplified using an mCherry-dockerin fusion protein as well as theClostridium cellulolyticumCelA endoglucanase. More than a 24-fold increase in mCherry fluorescence and an 8-fold increase in CelA activity were noted when the cohesin nanofibril scaffold-mediated yeast display was used, compared to using yeast display with GFP-cohesin that contains only a single copy of cohesin. Self-assembled supramolecular cohesin nanofibrils created by fusion with the yeast Ure2p fibrillogenic domain provide a versatile protein scaffold that expands the utility of yeast cell surface display.
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Wen, D., S. V. Suggs, D. Karunagaran, et al. "Structural and functional aspects of the multiplicity of Neu differentiation factors." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 3 (1994): 1909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.3.1909-1919.1994.
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We used molecular cloning and functional analyses to extend the family of Neu differentiation factors (NDFs) and to explore the biochemical activity of different NDF isoforms. Exhaustive cloning revealed the existence of six distinct fibroblastic pro-NDFs, whose basic transmembrane structure includes an immunoglobulin-like motif and an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain. Structural variation is confined to three domains: the C-terminal portion of the EGF-like domain (isoforms alpha and beta), the adjacent juxtamembrane stretch (isoforms 1 to 4), and the variable-length cytoplasmic domain (isoforms a, b, and c). Only certain combinations of the variable domains exist, and they display partial tissue specificity in their expression: pro-NDF-alpha 2 is the predominant form in mesenchymal cells, whereas pro-NDF-beta 1 is the major neuronal isoform. Only the transmembrane isoforms were glycosylated and secreted as biologically active 44-kDa glycoproteins, implying that the transmembrane domain functions as an internal signal peptide. Extensive glycosylation precedes proteolytic cleavage of pro-NDF but has no effect on receptor binding. By contrast, the EGF-like domain fully retains receptor binding activity when expressed separately, but its beta-type C terminus displays higher affinity than alpha-type NDFs. Likewise, structural heterogeneity of the cytoplasmic tails may determine isoform-specific rate of pro-NDF processing. Taken together, these results suggest that different NDF isoforms are generated by alternative splicing and perform distinct tissue-specific functions.
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Wen, D., S. V. Suggs, D. Karunagaran, et al. "Structural and functional aspects of the multiplicity of Neu differentiation factors." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 3 (1994): 1909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.3.1909.
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We used molecular cloning and functional analyses to extend the family of Neu differentiation factors (NDFs) and to explore the biochemical activity of different NDF isoforms. Exhaustive cloning revealed the existence of six distinct fibroblastic pro-NDFs, whose basic transmembrane structure includes an immunoglobulin-like motif and an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain. Structural variation is confined to three domains: the C-terminal portion of the EGF-like domain (isoforms alpha and beta), the adjacent juxtamembrane stretch (isoforms 1 to 4), and the variable-length cytoplasmic domain (isoforms a, b, and c). Only certain combinations of the variable domains exist, and they display partial tissue specificity in their expression: pro-NDF-alpha 2 is the predominant form in mesenchymal cells, whereas pro-NDF-beta 1 is the major neuronal isoform. Only the transmembrane isoforms were glycosylated and secreted as biologically active 44-kDa glycoproteins, implying that the transmembrane domain functions as an internal signal peptide. Extensive glycosylation precedes proteolytic cleavage of pro-NDF but has no effect on receptor binding. By contrast, the EGF-like domain fully retains receptor binding activity when expressed separately, but its beta-type C terminus displays higher affinity than alpha-type NDFs. Likewise, structural heterogeneity of the cytoplasmic tails may determine isoform-specific rate of pro-NDF processing. Taken together, these results suggest that different NDF isoforms are generated by alternative splicing and perform distinct tissue-specific functions.
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HU Xiao-xiao, 胡霄骁, and 孙玉宝 SUN Yu-bao. "Novel Multi-Domain Twisted Nematic Mode Liquid Crystal Display." Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays 27, no. 4 (2012): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/yjyxs20122704.0481.
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Douna, Hidde, Virginia Smit, Gijs H. M. van Puijvelde, et al. "Tim-1 mucin domain-mutant mice display exacerbated atherosclerosis." Atherosclerosis 352 (July 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.05.017.
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Silva, Erika, Elisabetta Ullu, Ryuji Kobayashi, and Christian Tschudi. "Trypanosome Capping Enzymes Display a Novel Two-Domain Structure." Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, no. 8 (1998): 4612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.8.4612.
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ABSTRACT The ubiquitous m7G cap of eukaryotic mRNAs and of precursors to the spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) is the result of an essential RNA modification acquired during transcript elongation. In trypanosomes, the m7G cap is restricted to the spliced leader (SL) RNA and the precursors of U2, U3, and U4 snRNAs. mRNA capping in these organisms occurs posttranscriptionally bytrans splicing, which transfers the capped SL sequence to the 5′ ends of all mRNAs. The SL cap is the most elaborate cap structure known in nature and has been shown to consist of an m7G residue followed by four methylated nucleotides. UsingCrithidia fasciculata, we have characterized and purified the guanylyltransferase (capping enzyme), which transfers GMP from GTP to the diphosphate end of RNA. The corresponding gene codes for a protein of 697 amino acids, with the carboxy-terminal half of theC. fasciculata guanylyltransferase containing the six signature motifs previously identified in yeast capping enzymes. The amino-terminal half contains a domain that displays no resemblance to any other domain associated with capping enzymes. Intriguingly, this region harbors a consensus sequence for a phosphate-binding loop which is found in ATP- and GTP-binding proteins. This two-domain structure is also present in the Trypanosoma brucei capping enzyme, which shows 44% overall identity with the C. fasciculatacapping enzyme. Thus, this structure appears to be common to all trypanosomatid protozoa and defines a novel class of capping enzymes.
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Kim, Hyosun, Hyungsuk Hwang, and Dongyeol Yeom. "Time-domain Analysis for Variable-refresh-rate Display Flicker." Electronic Imaging 37, no. 11 (2025): 214–1. https://doi.org/10.2352/ei.2025.37.11.hvei-214.
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Douna, H., V. Smit, G. Puijvelde van, et al. "Tim-1 Mucin Domain-Mutant Mice Display Exacerbated Atherosclerosis." Atherosclerosis 287 (August 2019): e25-e26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.074.
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Milbury, Karissa L., Biplab Paul, Azra Lari, Claire Fowler, Ben Montpetit, and Peter C. Stirling. "Exonuclease domain mutants of yeast DIS3 display genome instability." Nucleus 10, no. 1 (2019): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19491034.2019.1578600.
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Demczyk, B. G. "Domains and domain nucleation in magnetron-sputtered CoCr thin films." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 1046–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100151064.
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CoCr thin films have been of interest for a number of years due to their strong perpendicular anisotropy, favoring magnetization normal to the film plane. The microstructure and magnetic properties of CoCr films prepared by both rf and magnetron sputtering have been examined in detail. By comparison, however, relatively few systematic studies of the magnetic domain structure and its relation to the observed film microstructure have been reported. In addition, questions still remain as to the operative magnetization reversal mechanism in different film thickness regimes. In this work, the magnetic domain structure in magnetron sputtered Co-22 at.%Cr thin films of known microstructure were examined by Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, domain nucleation studies were undertaken via in-situ heating experiments.It was found that the 50 nm thick films, which are comprised of columnar grains, display a “dot” type domain configuration (Figure 1d), characteristic of a perpendicular magnetization. The domain size was found to be on the order of a few structural columns in diameter.
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Martin-Emerson, Robin, and Christopher D. Wickens. "Superimposition, Symbology, Visual Attention, and the Head-Up Display." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39, no. 4 (1997): 581–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872097778667933.
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In two experiments we examined a number of related factors postulated to influence head-up display (HUD) performance. We addressed the benefit of reduced scanning and the cost of increasing the number of elements in the visual field by comparing a superimposed HUD with an identical display in a head-down position in varying visibility conditions. We explored the extent to which the characteristics of HUD symbology support a division of attention by contrasting conformal symbology (which links elements of the display image to elements of the far domain) with traditional instrument landing system (ILS) symbology. Together the two experiments provide strong evidence that minimizing scanning between flight instruments and the far domain contributes substantially to the observed HUD performance advantage. Experiment 1 provides little evidence for a performance cost attributable to visual clutter. In Experiment 2 the pattern of differences in lateral tracking error between conformal and traditional ILS symbology supports the hypothesis that, to the extent that the symbology forms an object with the far domain, attention may be divided between the superimposed image and its counterpart in the far domain.
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Peters, Daniel, Laura Kay, Jeyanthy Eswaran, Jeremy Lakey, and Meera Soundararajan. "Human Miro Proteins Act as NTP Hydrolases through a Novel, Non-Canonical Catalytic Mechanism." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (2018): 3839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123839.
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Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that play a central role in multiple cellular processes, including energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. Miro proteins (Miros) are “atypical” Ras superfamily GTPases that display unique domain architecture and subcellular localisation regulating mitochondrial transport, autophagy and calcium sensing. Here, we present systematic catalytic domain characterisation and structural analyses of human Miros. Despite lacking key conserved catalytic residues (equivalent to Ras Y32, T35, G60 and Q61), the Miro N-terminal GTPase domains display GTPase activity. Surprisingly, the C-terminal GTPase domains previously assumed to be “relic” domains were also active. Moreover, Miros show substrate promiscuity and function as NTPases. Molecular docking and structural analyses of Miros revealed unusual features in the Switch I and II regions, facilitating promiscuous substrate binding and suggesting the usage of a novel hydrolytic mechanism. The key substitution in position 13 in the Miros leads us to suggest the existence of an “internal arginine finger”, allowing an unusual catalytic mechanism that does not require GAP protein. Together, the data presented here indicate novel catalytic functions of human Miro atypical GTPases through altered catalytic mechanisms.
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Gerdol, Marco, Daniela Eugenia Nerelli, Nicola Martelossi, et al. "Taxonomic Distribution and Molecular Evolution of Mytilectins." Marine Drugs 21, no. 12 (2023): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21120614.
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R-type lectins are a widespread group of sugar-binding proteins found in nearly all domains of life, characterized by the presence of a carbohydrate-binding domain that adopts a β-trefoil fold. Mytilectins represent a recently described subgroup of β-trefoil lectins, which have been functionally characterized in a few mussel species (Mollusca, Bivalvia) and display attractive properties, which may fuel the development of artificial lectins with different biotechnological applications. The detection of different paralogous genes in mussels, together with the description of orthologous sequences in brachiopods, supports the formal description of mytilectins as a gene family. However, to date, an investigation of the taxonomic distribution of these lectins and their molecular diversification and evolution was still lacking. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the evolutionary history of mytilectins, revealing an ancient monophyletic evolutionary origin and a very broad but highly discontinuous taxonomic distribution, ranging from heteroscleromorphan sponges to ophiuroid and crinoid echinoderms. Moreover, the overwhelming majority of mytilectins display a chimera-like architecture, which combines the β-trefoil carbohydrate recognition domain with a C-terminal pore-forming domain, suggesting that the simpler structure of most functionally characterized mytilectins derives from a secondary domain loss.
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Yang, Taek Ho, Jae Gu Pan, Yeon Soo Seo, and Joon Shick Rhee. "Use of Pseudomonas putida EstA as an Anchoring Motif for Display of a Periplasmic Enzyme on the Surface of Escherichia coli." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 12 (2004): 6968–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.12.6968-6976.2004.
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ABSTRACT The functional expression of proteins on the surface of bacteria has proven important for numerous biotechnological applications. In this report, we investigated the N-terminal fusion display of the periplasmic enzyme β-lactamase (Bla) on the surface of Escherichia coli by using the translocator domain of the Pseudomonas putida outer membrane esterase (EstA), which is a member of the lipolytic autotransporter enzymes. To find out the transport function of a C-terminal domain of EstA, we generated a set of Bla-EstA fusion proteins containing N-terminally truncated derivatives of the EstA C-terminal domain. The surface exposure of the Bla moiety was verified by whole-cell immunoblots, protease accessibility, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The investigation of growth kinetics and host cell viability showed that the presence of the EstA translocator domain in the outer membrane neither inhibits cell growth nor affects cell viability. Furthermore, the surface-exposed Bla moiety was shown to be enzymatically active. These results demonstrate for the first time that the translocator domain of a lipolytic autotransporter enzyme is an effective anchoring motif for the functional display of heterologous passenger protein on the surface of E. coli. This investigation also provides a possible topological model of the EstA translocator domain, which might serve as a basis for the construction of fusion proteins containing heterologous passenger domains.
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Lu, Defen, Youshi Zheng, Naishun Liao, et al. "The structural basis of the Tle4–Tli4 complex reveals the self-protection mechanism of H2-T6SS inPseudomonas aeruginosa." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 70, no. 12 (2014): 3233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004714023967.
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The type VI secretion system (T6SS) has recently been demonstrated to mediate interbacterial competition and to discriminate between self and nonself. T6SS+bacteria employ toxic effectors to inhibit rival cells and concurrently use effector cognate immunity proteins to protect their sibling cells. The effector and immunity pairs (E–I pairs) endow the bacteria with a great advantage in niche competition. Tle4–Tli4 (PA1510–PA1509) is a newly identified E–I pair that is controlled by H2-T6SS inPseudomonas aeruginosa. Tle4 exhibits phospholipase activity, which destroys the cell membrane of rival cells, and the periplasm-located Tli4 in donor cells eliminates this toxic effect of Tle4. In this paper, the structure of the Tle4–Tli4 complex is reported at 1.75 Å resolution. Tle4 consists of two domains: a conserved α/β-hydrolase domain and an unusual cap domain in which two lid regions (lid1 and lid2) display a closed conformation that buries the catalytic triad in a deep funnel. Tli4 also displays a two-domain structure, in which a large lobe and a small lobe form a crab claw-like conformation. Tli4 uses this crab claw to grasp the cap domain of Tle4, especially the lid2 region, which prevents the interfacial activation of Tle4 and thus causes enzymatic dysfunction of Tle4 in sister cells.
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Wögerbauer, Elisabeth Maria, Christoph Bernhard, and Heiko Hecht. "Synthetic Displays and Their Potential for Driver Assistance Systems." Information 15, no. 4 (2024): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info15040177.
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Advanced visual display technologies typically supplement the out-of-window view with separate displays (e.g., analog speedometer or artificial horizon) or with overlays (e.g., projected speedometer or map). Studies on head-up displays suggest that altering the out-of-window view itself is superior to supplemental displays, as sensor-based information not normally visible to the driver can be included. Such novel synthetic displays have been researched for cockpit implementation but less so for driving. We discuss such view-altering synthetic displays in general, and camera–monitor systems (CMS) designed to replace rear-view mirrors as a special instance of a novel synthetic display in the automotive domain. In a standard CMS, a camera feed is presented on a monitor, but could also be integrated into the windshield of the car. More importantly, the camera feed can undergo alterations, augmentations, or condensations before being displayed. The implications of these technologies are discussed, along with findings from an experiment examining the impact of information reduction on a time-to-contact (TTC) estimation task. In this experiment, observers judged the TTC of approaching cars based on the synthetic display of a futuristic CMS. Promisingly, TTC estimations were unaffected by information reduction. The study also emphasizes the significance of the visual reference frame.
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Yee, Andrew, Manhong Dai, Colin Kretz, Fan Meng, and David Ginsburg. "Development of Platforms to Phenotype Variants of Uncertain Significance in VWF." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.1386.1386.
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Abstract Platelet sequestration at sites of vascular injuries and factor VIII (FVIII) stabilization critically relies on von Willebrand factor (VWF). Specific domains within VWF coordinate these functions and may harbor mutations that result in von Willebrand disease (VWD). To survey all possible mutations that may lead to type 2 VWD, we developed prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems to display VWF fragments that are screened for a specific function and identified by DNA sequencing. We constructed an M13 filamentous phage display library consisting of ~2.8x106 independent clones that express random VWF fragments. Following a single round of selection for platelet binding, bound phage were eluted and analyzed by next generation DNA sequencing, revealing an optimal fragment spanning the A1 domain and a second region of weaker enrichment over the D4 domain. All A1 fragments encompassed C1272-C1458, indicating that intramolecular disulfide bridging of these cysteines optimizes platelet binding. Competitive binding assays between phage displaying a fragment of the D4 domain vs. a control phage resulted in enrichment of the former, suggesting a potential, novel role for the VWF D4 domain. Analogous to our previously reported method for analyzing VWF proteolysis (Kretz CA et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015), we mutagenized and displayed the VWF A1 domain to determine the spectrum of mutations that may alter the interaction between VWF and its platelet receptor, GPIbα. The mutant A1 library comprised ~5x106 independent clones, sufficient to represent all 3,933 single substitutions. Screening this library against platelets in the presence of excess control phage resulted in an enrichment of phage displaying an A1 fragment. DNA sequencing identified mutations located outside the VWF A1/platelet GPIbα interface, indicating allosteric control of this interaction. Screening phage displayed VWF fragments for FVIII binding, however, failed to identify critical residues; thus, we adapted our approach for eukaryotes. When displayed on mammalian cells, the VWF D'D3 domains retained their capacity to bind FVIII. Introduction of the VWD subtype 2N mutation, R816W, into the displayed VWF D'D3 domains abolished FVIII binding, demonstrating feasibility for mutational analyses. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of phage and mammalian display for structure-function analyses and that these platforms provide an efficient method for phenotyping variants of uncertain significance. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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XIAO, QING, and LING FU. "HIGH RESOLUTION, REAL-TIME LINE-FIELD FOURIER-DOMAIN INTERFEROMETRY." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 05, no. 02 (2012): 1250009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545812500095.
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To increase the application potential in manufacturing process, such as monitoring the processing performance, the profile measurement should be provided in real-time display and with high resolution simultaneously. We propose a line-field Fourier-domain interferometric method (LFI), which combines the line-field microscope with spectral interferometer, for the surface cross-sectional profile measurement with no scan needed. The white light and objectives are employed to offer high axial and lateral resolution, respectively. In our system setup, the measurement could be implemented in real-time display of 10 frame/s, and the resolutions of the LFI system in X,Y, and Z directions are ~8 μm, ~3.2 μm, and ~1.4 μm, respectively. As a demonstration, the cross-sectional profiles of a microfluidic chip are tested. The graphics processing unit is also used to accelerate the reconstruction algorithm to achieve the real-time display of the cross-sectional profiles.
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Ciechanowska, Kinga, Maria Pokornowska, and Anna Kurzyńska-Kokorniak. "Genetic Insight into the Domain Structure and Functions of Dicer-Type Ribonucleases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (2021): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020616.
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Ribonuclease Dicer belongs to the family of RNase III endoribonucleases, the enzymes that specifically hydrolyze phosphodiester bonds found in double-stranded regions of RNAs. Dicer enzymes are mostly known for their essential role in the biogenesis of small regulatory RNAs. A typical Dicer-type RNase consists of a helicase domain, a domain of unknown function (DUF283), a PAZ (Piwi-Argonaute-Zwille) domain, two RNase III domains, and a double-stranded RNA binding domain; however, the domain composition of Dicers varies among species. Dicer and its homologues developed only in eukaryotes; nevertheless, the two enzymatic domains of Dicer, helicase and RNase III, display high sequence similarity to their prokaryotic orthologs. Evolutionary studies indicate that a combination of the helicase and RNase III domains in a single protein is a eukaryotic signature and is supposed to be one of the critical events that triggered the consolidation of the eukaryotic RNA interference. In this review, we provide the genetic insight into the domain organization and structure of Dicer proteins found in vertebrate and invertebrate animals, plants and fungi. We also discuss, in the context of the individual domains, domain deletion variants and partner proteins, a variety of Dicers’ functions not only related to small RNA biogenesis pathways.
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Ciechanowska, Kinga, Maria Pokornowska, and Anna Kurzyńska-Kokorniak. "Genetic Insight into the Domain Structure and Functions of Dicer-Type Ribonucleases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (2021): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020616.
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Ribonuclease Dicer belongs to the family of RNase III endoribonucleases, the enzymes that specifically hydrolyze phosphodiester bonds found in double-stranded regions of RNAs. Dicer enzymes are mostly known for their essential role in the biogenesis of small regulatory RNAs. A typical Dicer-type RNase consists of a helicase domain, a domain of unknown function (DUF283), a PAZ (Piwi-Argonaute-Zwille) domain, two RNase III domains, and a double-stranded RNA binding domain; however, the domain composition of Dicers varies among species. Dicer and its homologues developed only in eukaryotes; nevertheless, the two enzymatic domains of Dicer, helicase and RNase III, display high sequence similarity to their prokaryotic orthologs. Evolutionary studies indicate that a combination of the helicase and RNase III domains in a single protein is a eukaryotic signature and is supposed to be one of the critical events that triggered the consolidation of the eukaryotic RNA interference. In this review, we provide the genetic insight into the domain organization and structure of Dicer proteins found in vertebrate and invertebrate animals, plants and fungi. We also discuss, in the context of the individual domains, domain deletion variants and partner proteins, a variety of Dicers’ functions not only related to small RNA biogenesis pathways.
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Wilk, Thomas, Ingolf Gross, Brent E. Gowen, et al. "Organization of Immature Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1." Journal of Virology 75, no. 2 (2001): 759–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.2.759-771.2001.
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ABSTRACT Immature retrovirus particles contain radially arranged Gag polyproteins in which the N termini lie at the membrane and the C termini extend toward the particle's center. We related image features to the polyprotein domain structure by combining mutagenesis with cryoelectron microscopy and image analysis. The matrix (MA) domain appears as a thin layer tightly associated with the inner face of the viral membrane, separated from the capsid (CA) layer by a low-density region corresponding to its C terminus. Deletion of the entire p6 domain has no effect on the width or spacing of the density layers, suggesting that p6 is not ordered in immature human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In vitro assembly of a recombinant Gag polyprotein containing only capsid (CA) and nucleocapsid (NC) domains results in the formation of nonenveloped spherical particles which display two layers with density matching that of the CA-NC portion of immature HIV-1 Gag particles. Authentic, immature HIV-1 displays additional surface features and an increased density between the lipid bilayers which reflect the presence of gp41. The other internal features match those of virus-like particles.