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Journal articles on the topic 'Domain name registrar'
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1
Hassanah, Hetty, and Wahyudi Wahyudi. "PENGAKUAN PUTUSAN PENYEDIA LAYANAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA NAMA DOMAIN ASING." Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum 6, no. 1 (2021): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v6i1.240.
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ABSTRAK
 Pendaftaran dan putusan merupakan dasar hukum terbitnaya nama domain. Dalam Undang-Undang ITE hanya mengakui eksistensi Nama Domain (ND) hasil pendaftaran pada Registrar Asing (Ps. 24 ayat 3). Teknologi informasi membuka ruang baru yang dinamakan cyberspace. Nama domain termasuk dalam cyberspace yang kepentingannya melibatkan seluruh pengguna internet akan tetapi tidak semua negara mempunyai regulasi yang sesuai dengan perkembangan teori dunia maya. Metode yuridis normatif yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan spesifikasi yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Teori “Code” atau “Architecture” Lawrence Lessig dapat diterapkan terkait pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan penyedia layanan penyelesaian sengketa nama domain yang melibatkan pihak Warga Negara Indonesia. Konsep pengaturan hukum terkait pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan penyedia layanan penyelesaian sengketa nama domain asing di Indonesia, adalah yang mampu mengikuti perkembangan best practices pada masyarakat TIK terkait kepemilikan nama domain berikut sistem penyelesaian sengketa secara online yang diatur oleh ICANN dalam UDRP dan dalam Perjanjian Registri dan Perjanjian Registrar sesuai dengan teori “Code” atau “Architecture” dari Lawrence lessig.
 Kata kunci: putusan arbitrase asing; nama domain; sengketa kepemilikan
 
 ABSTRACT
 Registration and sentence are the legal basis for issuing domain names. In the ITE Law, it only recognizes the existence of domain names as a result of registration at the Foreign Registrar (Art. 24 paragraph 3). Domain names are included in cyberspace whose interests involve all internet users but not all countries have regulations that are in accordance with the development of cyber theory. juridical normative used in this research with descriptive analytical specifications. Lawrence Lessig's "Code" or "Architecture" theory can be applied regarding the recognition and implementation of decisions of domain name dispute resolution service providers involving Indonesian citizens. The concept of legal arrangements related to recognition andimplementation of decisions of foreign domain name dispute resolution service providers in Indonesia, are those that are able to follow the development of best practices in the ICT community related to domain name ownership and the online dispute resolution system regulated by ICANN in the UDRP and in the Registry Agreement and Registrar Agreement in accordance with the theory of "Code Or “Architecture” by Lawrence lessig.
 Keywords: foreign arbitration judgement; domain name; ownership disputes
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SIAMIONAVA, T. "GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RELATION RELATED TO USE OF DOMAIN NAMES." Vestnik of Polotsk State University Part D Economic and legal sciences, no. 3 (November 22, 2024): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/2070-1632-2024-68-3-103-110.
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The author characterizes the legal nature and essence of legal relations related to the registration and use of domain names and determines the place of the studied social relations in the subject of civil law; establishes two types of legal relations related to the registration and use of domain names: obligatory legal relations between the registrar and the registrant/right holder, absolute legal relations of the right holder of the domain name; substantiates the condition under which the object of the absolute legal relations is the right holder of the domain name.
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Siamionava, T. V. "RIGHT TO A DOMAIN NAME (Part 1)." Vestnik of Polotsk State University. Part D. Economic and legal sciences, no. 5 (June 27, 2021): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/2070-1632-2021-56-5-145-151.
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The author substantiated a new model of the right to a domain name, proceeding from the established legal nature and essence of this right. It is proposed to endow the owner of the domain name with a property right of an absolute nature, which is limited in the event of full or partial coincidence with the trademark, service mark or company name, by the term and conditions of the agreement with the registrar.
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Siamionava, Т. "Right to a domain name (Part 2)." Vestnik of Polotsk State University. Part D. Economic and legal sciences, no. 6 (August 15, 2021): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/2070-1632-2021-57-6-136-141.
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The author substantiated a new model of the right to a domain name, proceeding from the established legal nature and essence of this right. It is proposed to endow the owner of the domain name with a property right of an absolute nature, which is limited in the event of full or partial coincidence with the trademark, service mark or company name, by the term and conditions of the agreement with the registrar.
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Sergo, Anton G., and Ekaterina I. Romanenkova. "World Intellectual Property Organisation's experience in domain dispute resolution." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 43 (2022): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/43/13.
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The current pace of development of information technology is such that no country's legal system can objectively keep up with its adequate regulation. As a consequence, the Internet community is looking for its own, equally reliable and effective, but fast and modern systems of fair resolution of conflicts that arise between the rightholders of various classic means of individualisation (usually trademarks) and domain names. In today's hightech world, the role and importance of domain names cannot be underestimated. They control destinies, prepare revolutions, crush cults and shape national politics. Their ability to easily personalize any information resource in cyberspace is highly valued by specialists in a variety of fields. Their number in the world (over 320 million) and in our country (5 million) exceeds many times the number of any other means of individualization, but the domain name as an object of law has not been sufficiently defined in the Russian legislation to this day. Despite this, domains have long been sold and bought and there have been numerous and costly court battles over them. The Russian-speaking reader is familiar with the judicial processes for resolving such disputes. However, out-of-court means of resolving such cases, little known to our readers, are in demand in foreign practice. They are used in the domain area not only to address the claims of holders of traditional means of individualization to domain owners, but also in disputes between domain name registrars in the transfer of the domain between them on the application of third parties, if the domain registration does not meet the requirements of the domain zone, the requirements to suspend the registration of domain names in new domain zones, etc. The need to develop alternative dispute resolution systems was driven by conflicting court practices and the search for a way to resolve domain disputes in a fast, not very expensive and efficient procedure, given that such disputes were often extraterritorial in nature. The latter is easier to explain with an example. For example, one of the largest domestic construction companies faced a situation where a domain similar to its name in a foreign zone was registered through an Australian registrar for a resident of Great Britain, and the content site provided by ill-wishers from the Moscow region. In such circumstances, going to court in Russia or the UK was ineffective because the execution of the decision was to be secured from the domain registrar. At the same time, there were no grounds to sue the registrar (in Australia) because it did not violate anyone's rights. This situation is typical when registering a domain in an "international" or foreign domain zone, as the registrar's country of origin is usually irrelevant to the user, as opposed to the price. Of course, recourse to the traditional justice system is possible in such a situation, but not everyone can afford the time and money required to resolve it. Contribution of the authors: the authors contributed equally to this article. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
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Jumhur, Helni Mutiarsih. "Model Lembaga Pendaftaran Nama Domain Dikaitkan Dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Menuju Kepastian Hukum." Jurnal Konstitusi 11, no. 3 (2016): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk1138.
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The research focuses on the institutional model of the domain name ditemukannhya formed by society but still under the control of government in which the formation of a domain name registration management agency ( registry ) was formed on the recommendation of a domain name forum so that in accordance with the principles contained in that form institutions UUITE domain name come from the government or the public and to ensure legal certainty of the user domain name. The method used is qualitative normative juridical using secondary data in the form of legislation in order to harmonize legislation both vertically and horizontally in order to find out the problems that occur in the establishment of a domain name and is supported by the primary data in the form of in-depth interviews with expertis in the field Information technology. The conclusion derived from this study is a model of the domain name registration body ( registrar ) is formed from the community who have received a license from the agency managing the domain name ( registry ) that has been recommended by the government through forums domain name.
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STRELNIKOV, STANISLAV. "QUASI-HEREDITARY PROCEDURES OF DOMAIN NAME REGISTRARS AS A RESULT OF A LEGAL GAP." LEGAL BULLETIN 3, no. 8 (2023): 74–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11190246.
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The relevance of the research lies in the novelty of the issues studied and the possibility of their practical application. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the current regulatory legal regulation of domain name inheritance in the Russian Federation and quasi-investigative procedures established by domain name registrars, as well as to develop proposals for improving the current legal regulation in this area of legal relations. The problems under consideration are expressed in the uncertainty of the legal nature of the domain name, as well as the lack of special regulation of inheritance, despite the possibility of a potential high cost of such an object of intellectual rights and transactions with it, which results in the development of quasi-investigative procedures by domain name registrars. The methods used in this study are general scientific (analysis, analogy, deductive and inductive methods) and special (formal legal, comparative legal) methods of cognition. Conclusions within the framework of this study are as follows: based on the analysis of the research issues, practical recommendations have been developed to improve the regulatory legal regulation of domain names and their use in the hereditary legal relations emerging in modern society.
8
Matyukhina, E. S. "Proper Party Defendant in a Domain Dispute Case." Actual Problems of Russian Law 19, no. 4 (2024): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2024.161.4.100-106.
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The paper, based on judicial practice and statistics of the autonomous non-profit organization «Coordination Center for the National Internet Domain», examines the difficulty of determining the proper party defendant in a domain dispute case. The author associates the reasons for this problem mainly with the lack of legal regulation in the legislation of procedures for registering and administering domain names, as well as the process of resolving domain disputes itself. In order to determine the proper party defendant in a domain dispute case, the author of the paper analyzes the substantive relations that are the subject of domain disputes and proposes to classify the latter into three types depending on their subject. The paper substantiates the opinion about the possibility of involving a domain name registrar as a co-defendant in cases of domain disputes related to the registration of a domain name, or its «reverse cybersquatting». Arguments are given in favor of the optionality of such co-participation. The author discovers that the domain name administrator and the actual owner of the Internet site to which such a domain name is addressed can be different persons, which leads to a conclusion that it is mandatory for these persons to participate in a domain dispute related to the use of a domain name.
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Gerasina, O., V. Korniienko, O. Gusev, K. Sosnin, and S. Matsiuk. "Detecting fishing URLs using fuzzy clustering algorithms with global optimization." System technologies 2, no. 139 (2022): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-2-139-2022-06.
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An algorithm for detecting phishing URLs (classifier) using fuzzy clustering is proposed, which includes choosing the type of intelligent classifier and justifying its parameters using global optimization methods. The following were studied as intellectual classifiers: subtractive clustering and fuzzy clustering of C-means. To find (adjust) the optimal (for a specific task) parameters of intelligent classifiers, the use of global optimization methods is justified, including genetic algorithm, direct random search, annealing simulation method, multicriteria optimization and threshold acceptance method. As a criterion of global optimization, a combined criterion was used, which includes the definition of the regularity criterion calculated on the test sample and the bias (minimum shift) criterion based on the analysis of solutions. By modeling in the Matlab environment with the help of standard and developed programs, the evaluated efficiency of using the proposed algorithm is evaluated on the example of experimental data – a set of 150 phishing and 150 secure URLs. The set of experimental data included information about the domain name registrar, the lifetime of the domain, the geolocation of the hosting server, the presence of a secure connection with a valid certificate. By simulation it is established that the fuzzy classifier with the subtractive clustering algorithm and using the Sugeno structure and 6 clusters meets the minimum of the combined criterion. All phishing URLs that were mistakenly classified as secure were found to have a secure con-nection with a valid certificate. Thus, further research should be aimed at exploring additional informative attributes (features) that could allow better separation of phishing and secure URLs.
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Vida, Sándor. "Trademark infringement by domain name registrars." Acta Juridica Hungarica 52, no. 4 (2011): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ajur.52.2011.4.6.
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Jung, Younchan, and Ronnel Agulto. "Virtual IP-Based Secure Gatekeeper System for Internet of Things." Sensors 21, no. 1 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010038.
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The advantage of using the Network Address Translation device is that the internal IP address, which makes the IP address space of Internet of Things (IoT) devices expanded, is invisible from the outside and safe from external attacks. However, the use of these private IPv4 addresses poses traversal problems, especially for the mobile IoTs to operate peer-to-peer applications. An alternative solution is to use IPv6 technologies for future IoT devices. However, IPv6 package, including IPSec, is too complex to apply to the IoT device because it is a technology developed for the user terminal with enough computing power. This paper proposes a gatekeeper to enable the real IP addresses of IoTs inside the same subnetwork to be not explicitly addressable and visible from outside of the gatekeeper. Each IoT device publishes its virtual IP address via the Registrar Server or Domain Name System (DNS) with which the gatekeeper shares the address mapping information. While the gatekeeper maintains the mapping information for the local IoT devices, the registration server or DNS has global address mapping information so that any peer can reach the mapping information. All incoming and outgoing packets must pass through the gatekeeper responsible for the address conversion and security checks for them from the entrance. This paper aims to apply our gatekeeper system to a platform of self-driving cars that allows surrounding IoT cameras and autonomous vehicles to communicate with each other securely, safely, and rapidly. So, this paper finally analyzes improvement effects on latency to show that our gatekeeper system guarantees the latency goal of 20 ms under the environment of 5G links.
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Nizar, Muhammad. "KEJAHATAN NAMA DOMAIN BERKAITAN DENGAN MEREK." Yuridika 33, no. 1 (2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v33i1.5686.
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Indonesia already has an ITE Law governing domain names in general terms and on certain provisions in chapter VI, but the regulation of domain name crimes is not regulated in the ITE Law as mandated in the academic draft of the ITE Bill. The absence of regulation of domain name norm in the ITE Law creates problems with registrant of domain name (registrant) which deliberately register the domain name is bad faith. The characteristic of a crime in a domain name relating to the mark is that the registered domain name has an equation in essence with another party’s well-known brand, the act of doing so by exploiting a reputation for well-known or previously commercially valuable names as domain names for addresses for sites (websites) it manages. The Prosecutor may include articles of the KUHP in filing his indictment before the Court during the absence of special regulatory provisions concerning domain name crime.
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Cheng, Yanan, Yali Liu, Lianmiao Wang, Zhaoxin Zhang, Tingting Chai, and Yuejin Du. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Handling Abusive Domain Names by Internet Entities." Electronics 11, no. 8 (2022): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11081172.
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A large number of domains are abused every day for cybercrime. At the same time, the fight against abusive domains is not the fight of one person or organization but a battle that requires the cooperation of the entire community. However, very little research has been done to quantify the positive benefits of this strategy for dealing with abusive domains. As a result, using pornography and gambling domain names as examples, we present the first empirical study evaluating the usability and effectiveness of all Internet entities (e.g., registrars and hosting providers) in the DNS ecosystem for receiving and handling abusive domain reports. First, the paper thoroughly demonstrates the mechanisms for receiving and handling abusive domain reports at various Internet entities in China. Second, we select and report the appropriate 2433 abusive domains to 43 service providers across six categories of Internet entities. Finally, we discover the methods and response time used by each Internet entity to handle abuse reports based on the changes in reported domains. Based on the above data, we analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of Internet entities in dealing with abusive domains. Moreover, we indicate the scope of protection and disadvantages of each method, i.e., whether the abusive domain can escape handling. The paper aims to provide a more detailed overview and reference for the security communities, service providers, and Internet entities concerned with dealing with abusive domains.
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Adiwal, Sanjay, Balaji Rajendran, and Pushparaj Shetty D. "A Quantitative Method for Measuring Health of Authoritative Name Servers." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 16, no. 1 (2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisp.285582.
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The Domain Name System - DNS is regarded as one of the critical infrastructure component of the global Internet because a large-scale DNS outage would effectively take a typical user offline. Therefore, the Internet community should ensure that critical components of the DNS ecosystem - that is, root name servers, top-level domain registrars and registries, authoritative name servers, and recursive resolvers - function smoothly. To this end, the community should monitor them periodically and provide public alerts about abnormal behavior. The authors propose a novel quantitative approach for evaluating the health of authoritative name servers – a critical, core, and a large component of the DNS ecosystem. The performance is typically measured in terms of response time, reliability, and throughput for most of the Internet components. This research work proposes a novel list of parameters specifically for determining the health of authoritative name servers: DNS attack permeability, latency comparison, and DNSSEC validation.
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Carr, John, and Jutta Croll. "Der Einfluss von Domainnamen auf die Rechte von Kindern im Internet." merz | medien + erziehung 62, no. 6 (2018): 53–64. https://doi.org/10.21240/merz/2018.6.6.
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Angesichts der zentralen Bedeutung des Internets für Kinder im 21. Jahrhundert können das Domain Name System (DNS) und die Verfahren, die zur Vergabe von Domain-Namen führen, entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Rechte von Kindern auf Zugang, Schutz und Teilhabe haben. Der Grund dafür liegt in den Vertragsbedingungen, zu denen ICANN Domainnamen vergibt. Diese können entweder Maßnahmen zur Wahrung jener Rechte vorsehen oder sie können großzügiger gestaltet sein und so den Weg freimachen für Absichten, die diese Rechte und die Sicherheit von Kindern gefährden. Der Artikel beschreibt die Infrastruktur der Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers – ICANN und bietet eine Perspektive sowohl auf das Potenzial des DNS zur Verwirklichung der Kinderrechte als auch auf die Verpflichtungen der für die Verwaltung des DNS Verantwortlichen, das heißt ICANN selbst sowie der Registries und Registrare gegenüber Kindern.
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Camp, L. Jean. "Reconceptualizing the Role of Security User." Daedalus 140, no. 4 (2011): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00117.
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The Internet is not the only critical infrastructure that relies on the participation of unorganized and technically inexpert end users. Transportation, health, waste management, and disaster preparedness are other areas where cooperation between unorganized citizens who lack experience with the domain has increased resiliency, reduced social costs, and helped meet shared goals. Theories of community-based production and management of the commons explain this type of cooperation, both offline and online. This essay examines these two complementary approaches to organizing the cybercitizen for cybersecurity. Cybersecurity discourse has reasonably focused on centralized parties and network operators. From domain name registrars to network service providers, solutions are sought through incentives, regulation, and even law enforcement. However great the ability of these centralized entities to implement change, the end user plays a crucial role. The Internet must remain open to enable innovation and diffusion of innovation; thus, the end user will continue to be important. What is the role of the citizen in cybersecurity? What socio-technical characteristics might enable a system that encourages and empowers users to create a secure infrastructure?
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Desmet, Lieven, Jan Spooren, Thomas Vissers, Peter Janssen, and Wouter Joosen. "P remadoma." Digital Threats: Research and Practice 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3419476.
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DNS is one of the most essential components of the Internet, mapping domain names to the IP addresses behind almost every online service. Domain names are therefore also a fundamental tool for attackers to quickly locate and relocate their malicious activities on the Internet. In this article, we design and evaluate P remadoma , a solution for DNS registries to predict malicious intent well before a domain name becomes operational. In contrast to blacklists, which only offer protection after some harm has already been done, this system can prevent domain names from being used before they can pose any threats. We advance the state of the art by leveraging recent insights into the ecosystem of malicious domain registrations, focusing explicitly on facilitators employed for bulk registration and similarity patterns in registrant information. We thoroughly evaluate the proposed prediction model’s performance and adaptability on an 11-month testing set and address complex and domain-specific dataset challenges. Moreover, we have successfully deployed P remadoma in the operational environment of the .eu ccTLD registry, resulting in a decline of malicious registrations. Finally, we have identified and quantified three possible evasion patterns and have observed changes in the malicious registration ecosystem since P remadoma has been operationalized.
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Srećković, Jovan. "Internet fraud." Pravo - teorija i praksa 40, no. 3 (2023): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2303115s.
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Internet law represents one of the youngest branches of law, which emerged from the need to expand the existing and create a new regulatory framework that would regulate the internet and introduce the necessary legal security and protection for its users. Internet Law or Cyber Law is largely intertwined with the Law on Information and Communication Technology, as a legal field which encompasses the regulation of contractual relations established by means of information technology, the right to privacy and data protection, freedom of speech and intellectual property, internet security, copyright on computer program codes and databases, criminal offenses arising from actions on the internet, as well as the tax aspects of online goods and services exchange. In contrast to the broader scope of IT law, Internet law refers to a narrower segment of this legal field related to the internet, regulation of internet management at all levels, management of internet domain names and IP addresses, etc. Internet law (or Cyber law), in a broader sense, encompasses those parts of the legal system and legal domains that are related to the internet and provide protection to its users. To address the issue of domain name registrant liability and determining their identity, it is necessary first to explain the governance structure of the internet and the informational and legal nature of internet domains. Although the internet is often said to be free and belonging to everyone, this complex system does not operate entirely on its own, which means that it is not perfect to the extent that its structure is fully automated. Addressing the topic of internet fraud and educating colleagues and the general public are aimed at preventing fraud. The lack of awareness about how internet scams operate continually leads to new victims, and insufficient knowledge of legal provisions and potential penalties can create potential perpetrators of this crime. When complex topics are explained in simple terms, it represents a significant step in educating individuals, both in the legal and technological aspects from a legal perspective. Such academic work should not deter people from using the Internet, nor should it present an obstacle to progress and the digitization of difficult and time-consuming paperwork obligations. Instead, the objective is to timely educate individuals so that the utilization of the digital world can be integrated into all segments of society as quickly as possible. This will facilitate the functioning of daily life, including business operations, while still remaining within the bounds of legal regulations. Therefore, it is extremely important to educate people on how to avoid internet fraud.
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Ramos de Morais, Mariana. "FESTAS DO ROSÁRIO COMO PATRIMÔNIO: entre o vivido e a prática estatal." Caderno CRH 32, no. 86 (2019): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v32i86.27564.
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<div><p class="trans-title">Este artigo aborda o registro das festas dedicadas ao Rosário de Maria como um patrimônio cultural imaterial do Brasil. Desde 2008, está em curso o processo de patrimonialização dessas festas no âmbito nacional. Essa ação se inscreve no controverso domínio do patrimônio cultural imaterial difundido em escala global pela UNESCO e que se baseia em um discurso que confere à globalização a capacidade de homogeneizar as culturas. A diversidade cultural do planeta estaria, assim, ameaçada. Diante dessa ameaça, haveria a necessidade de salvaguardar certas práticas culturais. Porém, no referido caso, trata-se de festas. As festas, notadamente as religiosas, são entendidas como o momento da produção do fato coletivo, da vida. E, dada a sua própria dinâmica, as festas não estariam em vias de desaparecimento. Dessa forma, o argumento estatal para registrar as festas como patrimônio entra em tensão com sua própria dinâmica.</p><p class="trans-title"> </p><p class="trans-title"><strong>THE HERITAGIZATION OF THE OUR LADY OF THE ROSARY’S FESTIVALS: between social life and state’s practices</strong></p><p>This paper is about the heritagization of the Our Lady of the Rosary’s festivals, also named “Congadas de Minas”, in Brazil. This process started in 2008 by the Brazilian federal agency for cultural heritage, Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN). The immaterial cultural heritage policy is based on the statement that the globalization threatens the cultural diversity in the planet. For that reason, some cultural practices, such as the Our Lady of the Rosary’s festivals, should be preserved. Nevertheless, in this specific case, the cultural practice is a festival. The festivals, especially the religious ones, are the moment when the collective phenomenon that animates social life is produced. Because of their own dynamic, the festivals do not have a risk to disappear. Therefore, the argument that bases the heritagization policies is in conflict with the dynamic of the Our Lady of the Rosary’s festivals.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Festival; Our Lady of the Rosary; Immaterial cultural heritage; Safeguarding; Globalization</p><p class="trans-title"><strong><br /></strong></p></div><div><p class="trans-title"><strong>LES FETES DU ROSAIRE EN TANT QUE PATRIMOINE: entre le vecu et la pratique de l’état</strong></p><p>Cet article porte sur la patrimonialisation de fêtes en hommage à Notre-Dame du Rosaire, appelée aussi “Congadas de Minas”, au Brésil. Depuis 2008, ce processus est en cours par l’organisme gouvernemental en charge de la politique du patrimoine, l’Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN). Cette action patrimoniale est inscrite dans le controversé domaine du patrimoine culturel immatériel, diffusé globalement par l’Unesco et basé sur le discours selon lequel la mondialisation a la capacité d’homogénéiser les cultures. La diversité culturelle de la planète serait, ainsi, menacée. À cause de cela, les États devraient préserver quelques pratiques culturelles. Cependant, le cas mentionné faire référence aux fêtes, notamment aux fêtes religieuses, qui sont le moment de la production du fait collectif, de la vie sociale. De cette façon, grâce à sa propre dynamique, ces fêtes ne sont pas menacées de disparition. Par conséquent, l’argumentation de l’État pour mise en patrimoine les fêtes de Notre-Dame du Rosaire est en conflit avec la dynamique de ces fêtes.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Fête; Notre-Dame du Rosaire; Patrimoine culturel immatériel; Sauvegarde; Mondialisation</p><p class="trans-title"><strong><br /></strong></p></div>
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Matyukhina, Ekaterina S. "ENFORCEMENT OF A COURT RULING IN A DOMAIN DISPUTE." Economy and law, May 23, 2024, 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/0134-2398-2024-5-103-113.
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The article defines a domain dispute and also proposes a classification of domain disputes depending on their subject. The currently existing methods of protection of rights violated or disputed within the domain dispute on specific types of domain disputes are considered. Based on judicial practice, the administrative procedure for the realization of a domain dispute court decision that has entered into force (by performing certain registration actions by the registrar of the domain name aimed at realizing the preemptive right of the trademark owner or other means of individualization to register a domain name on the basis of a court decision that has entered into force) has been analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the forced procedure for the realization of a domain dispute court decision through the initiation of enforcement proceedings in the case are revealed. Relying on international standards for domain dispute resolution, the expediency of the administrative procedure for the realization of a court decision on all types of domain disputes with the preservation of the possibility of initiating enforcement proceedings in the case is defined.
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Cheng, Yanan, Tingting Chai, Zhaoxin Zhang, Keyu Lu, and Yuejin Du. "Detecting Malicious Domain Names with Abnormal WHOIS Records Using Feature-Based Rules." Computer Journal, May 31, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxab062.
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Abstract Millions of new domain names are registered every day, but a large proportion of them are malicious and usually discovered and blacklisted after the crime has been committed. In order to improve the security of domain name registration, this paper proposes a lightweight detection method based on the AdaBoost to identify malicious domain names, which focuses on proactively detecting malicious domain names by exploring the abnormal WHOIS records. The domain name registries and registrars can adopt the proposed method as the first layer of defense to identify malicious domains on the domain registration stage. Extensive experiments on a large-scale database demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves satisfactory results on various malicious domain names.
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Oğuz, Sefer. "Analysing the Internet domain name right's legal status in Turkish law." Journal of World Intellectual Property, February 25, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12349.
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AbstractA domain name is a nonphysical asset like a trademark, trade name, business name, or unique sign. Registering a domain name, composed of words, letters, or numbers, grants the registrant a contractual right to its exclusive use. However, simply registering a domain name does not provide ownership rights. To acquire ownership of a domain name, the registrant must demonstrate justified use or legitimate interest in the domain name. Even without an initial justifiable or legitimate interest, utilizing the domain name to achieve distinctive authority can lead to ownership rights. A domain name comprises both absolute and contractual rights. Thus, domain names, comprising both absolute and contractual rights, can be considered a form of property right. The legal nature of domain name rights has been addressed in rulings by both the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU).
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Frans E Marx. "DOMAIN NAME PROTECTION IN SOUTH AFRICA." Obiter 25, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v25i1.16519.
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This paper investigates the legal mechanisms that are available when one is dealing with domain name disputes. It describes the domain name system and contrasts this with other forms of intellectual property. The different types of domain name conflicts are discussed and the legal measures available for protection of domain names as intellectual property are highlighted. Reference is made to national protection measures such as the Trade Marks Act 194 of 1993 and common law protection of intellectual property. Certain international legal mechanisms such as the World Intellectual Property Organisation’s rules with regard to online domain name dispute resolution and the United State’s Anticybersquatter Consumer Protection Act of 1999 are also discussed as these measures have a direct influence on some domain names of South African businesses. Lastly the changes to domain name dispute resolution procedures envisaged by the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 are discussed.Since the advent of e-commerce a new species of highly valuable intellectual property has developed. Although there are remarkable similarities between domain names and “common law trade marks” and trade marks protected by the Trade Marks Act 194 of 1993 there are also important differences, which cause uncertainty and confusion when disputes involving domain names arise. These differences flow mainly from the unique characteristics of domain names. The purpose of this note is to investigate the domain name system as it is used in South Africa, to compare domain names and trade marks, and to look at the protection mechanisms which an aggrieved party may have at his or her disposal if he should find that his business name or trade mark (or something similar) is being used by a domain name registrant in a way that conflicts with his interests. In addition, a short comparison of how these problems are addressed by the international community, particularly the USA and Britain, will be made.
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Geets, Konstantin V. "Binding Legal Relationship of the Administrator and Registrar of Domain Names: Occurrence, Modification and Termination." Zakon 19, no. 4 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.37239/0869-4400-2022-19-4-159-170.
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Grosse, Meghan. "ALTERNATIVE VISIONS FOR THE DNS: CORE, IAHC, AND THE POSSIBILITY FOR EXPANDED GTLDS IN EARLY GOVERNANCE POLICY." AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research, December 31, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/spir.v2023i0.13425.
Full textAbstract:
In 1994, U.S. President Clinton stated that the commercialization of the internet was a “top priority” for his administration. The domain name system (DNS), which was developed to deal with the growing unwieldiness of the commercial internet, was an early battleground in shaping the values of early internet governance policies. The system would include highly sought after addresses in generic top-level domains (gTLDS) that ended in .com, .gov, .org, .edu, and so on. Below this were second-level domains and country codes which ended web addresses in sequences like .uk, .jp, .ca, etc. This model raised legal and economic questions about trademarks, intellectual property, and the global distribution of addresses on top level domains. Technical experts were wary of the limitations of the proposed system, particularly given the potential to expand the number of gTLDs. While many groups responded to U.S. governance policy, a number of non-profit associations were particular vocal in their critique, most notably the Internet Council of Registrars (CORE), the International Ad Hoc Committee (IAHC), and the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) represented by Jon Postel. As the internet transitioned from a network used primarily by government and educational entities to a mass medium, there was a potential for revolutionary modes of communication, information sharing, education, creative expression, and a revolutionary, de-centralized structure of governance. The DNS debate resulted instead in support of predictable structures of power and a failure to realize that potential.
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Полеев, Андрей. "Реформа интернета." 8 квітня 2020. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758976.
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Частным аспектом предлагаемой реформы интернета является метаномические правила референцирования и адресации виртуальных объектов с целью приближения их к естественным языкам, и создания их логической системы. Однако реформа интернета и преобразование его в средство общения и служения обществу требует также других мер. К этим мерам относится передача определённых имён в неотчуждаемое владение, чтобы их собственники безусловно и беспрепятственно могли осуществлять их право публикации, т.е. публичного высказывания и выражения их мыслей, что также важно для документографии. Другой мерой должно стать упразднение всей сложившейся системы управления интернетом, т.е. бюрократии, после чего техническим службам будут делегированы обязанности по обеспечению его функционирования с учётом высказанной критики.