Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Domaine de spécialité'
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Minard, Anne-Lyse. "Extraction de relations en domaine de spécialité." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777749.
Full textBoutayeb, Samy. "Les concepts lexicalisés dans le domaine des techniques documentaires." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA131023.
Full textThe study of documentation techniques is achieved combining terminological and associated data based on a textual corpus which then undergoes a terminological analysis. A terminological analysis tool, based on a linguistic representation of knowledge model, is modelised and experimented so as to highlight the aspects concerned by specialization: language, discourse, texts, vocabulaires, knowledge and language users. This tool comprises a terminological database which compilation allows us to set regularities about lexicalised concepts, the core category in this study. The category makes it possible on the one hand to bring out the conceptualisation-symbolisation dynamics by semitosing a conceptual representation. On the other hand it contributes to the comprhension of the denomination mechanism, a caracteristic of languages for special purposes. These properties of lexicalized concepts are in relation with units themselves. Moreover lexicalised concepts are defined by the relations they share: conceptual, morphological and syntagmatical relations. The model of linguistic representation of knowledge allows us to bring out terminological and associated data and as such stands out as a terminological analysis tool of great interest in the comprehension and production of specialized discourses
Josselin-Leray, Amélie. "Place et rôle des terminologies dans les dictionnaires généraux unilingues et bilingues : étude d'un domaine de spécialité : volcanologie." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/josselin_a.
Full textThe main objective of the thesis is to improve the treatment of terms (i. E. Words belonging to special fields) in general monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. To reach that goal, the thesis first examines the literature written on that topic by metalexicographers, and the guidelines on the inclusion of terms written by lexicographers. The review of the literature seems to justify why terms are included in general dictionaries from the point of view of lexicographers and metalexicographers. Metalexicographers also assess the treatment of terms as far as the macrostructure and microstructure of the dictionaries are concerned. However, one point of view is missing : that of the user. Thus, a survey was designed and sent to the three categories of users who are most likely to look up terms in a general dictionary : first, scientists; second, langue specialists; three, the general public. The aim was to determine whether they wish to have terms included in their dictionaries, what type of information about terms they look up, and, finally, whether they are satisfied with various aspects of the treatment (such as the total number of terms included, the scientific accuracy of the definitions, the use and number of field labels, etc. ). The results provided by the 647 surveys collected are thoroughly detailed, after the methodology concerning the designing process of the survey has been described. The thesis also analyses the treatment of the vocabulary of one field in particular (volcanology) in several dictionaries (monolingual French dictionaries, monolingual English dictionaries, bilingual English-French dictionaries). The analysis relies on the data provided by two corpora: a comparable corpus, and a translation corpus, both dealing with popular science texts related to volcanology. The corpus-building process is also described step by step. The thesis ends with an explanation about the role of terms in the more general process of knowledge-building
Hartwell, Laura Michele. "L'image dans l'autoformation et l'évaluation de la compréhension de l'oral dans le domaine de l'anglais de spécialité." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30236.
Full textThis research, conducted among 788 primarily science students in French universities, analyzes the role and impact of images on oral comprehension. Surveys of students and teachers, as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis of online practices, the retention of information and note-taking strategies offer a global vision of student interaction with English for specific purposes resources. Men and women choose different moments and subjects of study, but several profiles emerge that cross gender lines. The presence of text incorporated into visuals becomes a focal point of attention, often to the detriment of information presented orally or on accompanying paper handouts. Furthermore, the images of certain self-learning and testing materials contain significant differences in the representation between men and women in both professional roles and modes of communication. Students consult multimodal sources which implies the need to acquire supplementary competences. Studying via the Internet compared to reading or attending class seems to significantly modify the impression of aide or distraction offered by animated images in testing situations. On the other hand, the use of note-taking strategies seems to facilitate the retention of information. However, other socio-affective factors, such as negative secondary messages, may influence retention as well. The recent transfer from audio to audiovisual mediums has occurred despite a lack of research on the impact on oral comprehension. A wider breadth of authentic materials and a greater implication of trained teachers are necessary for the amelioration of listening skills among English language learners in the sciences
Calberg, Marie. "Dynamique de la langue et de la terminologie dans le domaine du nucléaire." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070015.
Full textThe history of nuclear engineering is punctuated by a number of major events which often required the creation of new terms or the reworking of existing ones. The terms to be used were selected with great care, defining them was an art form and they had to be used in their proper context. Throughout this study, special emphasis will be placed on the early reactions of linguists, as deduced from the first dictionaries. The fact that some terms were included in dictionaries while others were left out illustrates the extent to which terminology was considered important; this was also reflected in the way they were dealt with from a lexicographical point of view. This provides an introduction to the problems encountered with distributing and popularizing knowledge. We describe a number of examples from the history of nuclear engineering, with particular emphasis on contemporary terminology, how nuclear engineering terms are created and current terminology requirements. Three kinds of documents have been used for the study: texts available in the nuclear field, dictionaries provided by companies and research organizations and lastly, interviews with experts. In each case, the resources selected are both original and complementary; they will be used to study the processes by which terms are created and the methodology implemented to validate nuclear terms. Existing research work and formalization methods will be re-employed, and we propose to improve the existing language engineering tools by putting them to better use. This will result in a number of legitimate needs being met: the need to improve the dissemination of the results of scientific and technological research, the need for more fruitful dialogue and the need for top quality scientific and technical information. Consequently, the ultimate aim is that this thesis should pave the way for the creation of a new Dictionary of Nuclear Engineering
Wozniak, Séverine. "Contribution à la caractérisation de l’anglais de l’alpinisme, par l’étude du domaine spécialisé des guides de haute montagne états-uniens." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21839.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on English for Specific Purposes and, more particularly, on the study and characterization of specialized professional domains and their discourses in English-speaking countries. It is a contribution to the characterization of mountaineering English, via the study of the specialized domain of American mountain guides. To this end, a model for the characterization of specialized domains and their discourses was designed and tested. Part 1 presents the theoretical and methodological framework of this research. It begins with an epistemological reflection on the status of the researcher and his/her object, and then moves on to the description of the process by which specialized domains can be studied, based on a consideration on the methodological framework, and more particularly, on the nature and value of fieldwork. Part 2 focuses on the characterization of the specialized professional domain of mountain guiding and begins with a historical account of mountaineering in the US. It deals with the training and work of professional mountain guides and aims to identify and analyze the stakes for the profession today. Part 3 attempts to characterize the discourse of mountaineering and mountain guiding. Some features of this specialized discourse are discussed, from a terminological point of view, and finally, a typology of the different written genres of the specialized discourse is proposed
Memet, Monique. "Anglais de spécialité dans le domaine du génie électrique : aspects sociolinguistiques et applications didactiques résultant du traitement informatique des données." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR21010.
Full textPeraldi, Sandrine. "Indétermination terminologique et multidimensionnalité dans le domaine de la chimie organique : analyse à partir d'un corpus spécialisé de langue anglaise." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070062.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis falls within the scope of terminology and corpus linguistics. We have focused more specifically on the structuring of knowledge and on the terminological process of specialised English. We chose to apply our research in the area of organic chemistry. The aim of this thesis is therefore to make a large-scale corpus-based analysis of specialised discourse in organic chemistry in order to highlight both its indeterminate nature and the multidimensionality of certain key concepts in the area. Indeed, despite the existence of a nomenclature governing the language of chemistry, different studies would appear to indicate that communication among experts, as well as between specialists and non-specialists, is often vague and ambiguous. This consequently hinders conceptual structuring and transmission of specialised knowledge within this area of research. Moreover, these works are also an opportunity to reflect upon a certain number of fundamental aspects in terminology such as the issue of concept (questioning the univocity principle and the predominance of the noun, etc. ), terminological variation as well as the applicability of the classic definition. We shall also question the traditional dichotomy existing between exact science on the one hand and social sciences on the other. Finally, this research significantly contributes to improving knowledge of specialised English for organic chemistry (lexical creativity, morpho-syntactic patterns, the importance of nomenclature elements, etc. )
Peynaud, Caroline. "Contribution à la caractérisation de la presse écrite états-unienne de qualité comme domaine spécialisé : milieu, culture et discours du New York Times et du Washington Post." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040183.
Full textThis dissertation in the field of English for Specific Purposes focuses on the study of specialized domains analysed through the milieu-culture-discourse continuum. The approach consists in an attempt to apply that theoretical framework to the problematic domain of the quality written press in the United States, of which the New York Times and the Washington Post represent two examples. The study consists more specifically in testing the three functions of a specialized domain, operation, regulation and training, in order to understand to what extent the cultural features of the domain determine the production of a specific discourse. The first part presents an epistemological and methodological reflection on the research object as well as on the theoretical framework. It begins with a presentation of the specific difficulties encountered in analysing journalism from an ESP perspective. It then focuses on the criteria used to determine the specialization of the milieu, based on sociological theories of the media. It finally presents the methodological framework developed for the field study and as regards discourse analysis. The second part focuses on the two companies, considered as the lowest level of specialization, in an attempt to define the similarities between the two newspapers based on a study of the operation function. The third part presents an analysis of the milieu, through an understanding of the regulation and training functions in the domain. The fourth part studies two aspects of journalistic discourse that reflect the constraints of the milieu, namely reported speech and terminology
Boulaknadel, Siham. "Traitement Automatique des Langues et Recherche d'Information en langue arabe dans un domaine de spécialité : Apport des connaissances morphologiques et syntaxiques pour l'indexation." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00479982.
Full textPicton, Aurélie. "Diachronie en langue de spécialité. Définition d'une méthode linguistique outillée pour repérer l'évolution des connaissances en corpus. Un exemple appliqué au domaine spatial." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429061.
Full textPicton, Aurélie. "Diachronie en langue de spécialité, définition d'une méthode linguistique outillée pour reprérer l'évolution des connaissances en corpus : un exemple appliqué au domaine spatial." Toulouse 2, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429061.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation explores the question of the diachronic dimension in terminology using a tool-based approach applied to a diachronic corpus. This study focuses on a request from the French National Space Agency (Cnes) where both knowledge and technology necessarily evolve over the course of “long-term” space projects (approx. 20 yrs. ). This phenomenon can be tricky and a source of difficulties, such as poor communication with new coming engineers who arrive during the project or unconscious modifications of the meaning or forms of terms, etc. Learning how to identify this evolution is therefore of prime importance. Our research aims at defining a linguistic method to track down knowledge evolution within texts. This aim allows us to structure a triple point of view: a theoretical one, a methodological one and an applied one. To do so, this doctoral dissertation presents a description of four linguistic cues which can be semi-automatically identified in corpora to observe evolution: frequency, contexts of evolution, variants and syntactic dependencies. The cues are studied in two diachronic corpora from the Cnes: one corpus made up of three editions of a course on optics and optoelectronics (1994-2002) and one technical corpus composed of specification reports from the DORIS project (1989-2000). This context makes it possible to offer theoretical and methodological paths in textual terminology to track down, study and characterize the evolution that is likely to appear in specialized fields, especially within an environment that has been very little explored, i. E. Short-term diachrony. The approach developed in this study also sheds light on the interpretation of corpus data, firstly, by combining linguistic cues in order to build up a reliable interpretation (or even a diagnosis) of the evolution through linguistic cues; secondly, by reflecting on the place and role of the experts in analyses and by analyst-expert dialoguing as a driving force in the co-construction of interpretations
Boulaknadel, Siham. "Traitement automatique des langues et recherche d'information en langue arabe dans un domaine de spécialité : apport des connaissanaces morphologiques et syntaxiques pour l'indexation." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2052.
Full textInformation retrieval aims to provide to an user an easy access to information. To achieve this goal, an information retrieval system (IRS) must represent, store and organize information, then provide to the user the elements corresponding to the need for information expressed by his query. Most of information retrieval systems (IRS) use simple terms to index and retrieve documents. However, this representation is not precise enough to represent the contents of documents and queries, because of the ambiguity of terms isolated from their context. A solution to this problem is to use multi-word terms to replace simple term. This approach is based on the assumption that a multi-word term is less ambiguous than a simple term. Our thesis is part of the information retrieval in Arabic specific domain. The objective of our work was on the one hand, identifying a multi-word terms present in queries and documents. On the other hand, exploiting the richness of language by combining several linguistic knowledge belonging at the morphological and syntax level, and showing how the contribution of syntactic and morphological knowledge helps to improve access to information. Thus, we proposed a platform integrating various components in the public domain; it leads to show significant contribution of these components. In addition, we have defined linguistically a multi-word term in Arabic and we developed a system of identification of multi-word terms which is based on a mixed approach combining statistical model and linguistic data
Liczner, Aleksandra. "Une contribution à l'amélioration des ressources terminographiques : étude terminologique fondée sur un corpus de textes de spécialité du domaine du droit de l'internet." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2089/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to propose a holistic description of terminological units in the field of Internet law, based on a hybrid model that reflectis both the linguistic and the conceptual dimension of terms. To be more precise, this model aims to point out the lexical-semantic relationships and conceptual links that those terms maintain with other terminological and lexical units belonging to the Internet law vocabulary, by studying their behavior in the discursive universe. The project (which we call DITerm) is part of a descriptive approach whose ambition is to explain observed usage in the specialized language at hand. The model was created using acorpus made up of legal texts which totals about 5 000,000 words. The model will be used as the basis for the conception of a specialized encoding dictionary. This dictionary is intended for translators with French language as their working language. The term, as it is viewed in this study, is a multi-dimensional unity which should be considered from many angles. Its description is hence based on the analysis of its lexical, conceptual and contextual relationships which is widely inspired by lexicographical models. Thetheoretical background of the DITerm project is Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology, the lexicological component of Meaning-Text Theory (Mel’čuk et al. 1995). We also draw inspiration from the frame theory and its different applications (Minsky’s Frame System Theory,Fillmore’s Frame Semantics). The methodology adopted in this project fits into the framework of corpus linguistics (Sinclair).The DITerm model proposes to describe each term as the center of a constellation around which several coordinated terms gravitate, creating what Cornu (2002) calls operational families. In order to model the relationships the term shares with the units which tend to appear in its contextual universe, we rely on several explicit formulas based on a broadly comprehensible metalanguage. This formalism, which is based on paraphrase, correlates partly with the popularization of the lexical functions. On the other hand, it has the advantage of adapting to the representation of conceptual links. In addition, the description is enriched by the implementation of an annotation model of the contexts in which the terms occur, which makes it possible to account for indirect links that are maintained by terms. This annotation model is an application of the FrameNet methodology
Lancereau-Forster, Nicole. "L' anglais comme langue de formation en IUT et langue de travail dans le domaine aéronautique industriel." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2115/.
Full textFrench engineering technicians in aeronautics have increasing contact with nationals of other countries and English has become prevalent in this industry. These changes inevitably affect the teaching of English to technicians as a second language in French Institutes of Technology (IUTs). The study focused on the didactics of the English language in the mechanical and production engineering department of the Toulouse IUT which has a bias towards aeronautical sciences and the use of English by technicians in French aerospace companies. A needs analysis was conducted in both environments using a triangulation of sources and methods based on tasks and situations. In the university context, questionnaires were sent to students and lecturers at local and national levels which enabled the current situation and the language needs of IUTs to be analyzed. The problems and difficulties faced by the technicians employed in the aerospace companies were identified using semi-structured interviews in the workplace. The results of the business surveys indicated that language anxiety could cause a mental block in the technicians’ ability to communicate in English and that the main problem was more emotional than purely linguistic. Recommendations for improving English language teaching in the Toulouse IUT were made, which included encouraging speaking, reading and writing e-mails, project-based learning (PBL) and the development of self-learning. Finally, the study concluded that the creation of a University Observatory of Languages in the Workplace would be of significant value in reducing the dichotomy between university and business which still appears to be present in the field of foreign languages
Biros, Camille. "Contribution à l'étude du discours environnemental : les organisations et leurs discours au Royaume-Uni." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21860/document.
Full textWith an English for Specific Purposes perspective and adopting the methodological tools of discourse analysis, this thesis explores the characteristics of environmental discourse considered as a specialized type of discourse. As a result of a change of conception of our environment, the trends of thinking, the practices and discourses that are developing, with the aim of contributing to the protection, preservation, or regeneration of the environment have become part of the specialized domain referred to as environmental. This emerging domain and its main components are defined in this thesis.The first part of the thesis presents a global vision of the domain and of its discourse. The central concepts of the environmental movement, environmentalism, ecology and ecologism are analyzed. A definition of the concept of environmental discourse is then offered, starting with the presentation of the content of various authors' work on the object and concluding with the identification of its specificities thanks to tools elaborated in the French school of English for Specific Purposes. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the discourses and practices of organisations in the UK. We present, within this specific cultural context, the main organisations that have a role to play in the environmental domain and describe their principal environmental communication discourses with a particular focus on new genres, specialized terms and recurrent discursive practices. The internal organisation of the domain is also considered with the presentation of a typology of organisations, of the relations they maintain as well as of the role and specificities of environmental experts.The study is completed in a third part by a descriptive analysis of a genre that plays a decisive role in the domain: reports on corporate social responsibility. After having presented the context in which this type of report emerged and its main function, we question the way these reports represent the main actors of the domain and the existence and influence of generic norms in a diachronic perspective
Domenec, Fanny. "Contribution à l’analyse du milieu spécialisé des entreprises du risque technologique à travers leur discours : le cas du pétrole et des biotechnologies agricoles aux États-Unis." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040241/document.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the specialized milieu formed by technological risk companies in the United States. Within the framework of English for Specific Purposes, we aim to show that American multinationals specializing in oil and agricultural biotechnology share a specific discourse and culture based on legitimizing their activities. This legitimation strategy can be identified through structural, lexical, syntactic and rhetorical choices which set apart the specialized discourse of technological risk companies within the corporate world. Part 1 presents the theoretical and methodological foundations of our research: the specificity of the milieu formed by Monsanto, DuPont Pioneer, Dow AgroSciences, Chevron, ExxonMobil and Conoco Phillips is clarified and the methodology, which reflects the pluridisciplinary nature of English for Specific Purposes, is explained. Part 2 concentrates on the manifestations of the legitimation strategy in the mission statements, annual reports and press releases of technological risk companies. The analysis underscores some modifications in the traditional genres of company discourse which reflect a specific vision of CSR and corporate culture. A cultural perspective is suggested to cast light on the local adaptation of corporate discourse. Part 3 concentrates on emerging cybergenres, the adaptation of web 2.0 tools and the use of “promotainment” and “legitainment strategies” on the Internet as a response to the specific communicative needs of technological risk multinationals
Dupuch, Marie. "Détection de termes sémantiquement proches : clustering non supervisé basé sur les relations sémantiques et le degré d'apparenté sémantique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066327.
Full textThe use of equivalent terms or semantically close is necessary to increase the coverageand sensitivity of applications such as information retrieval and extraction or semanticannotation of documents. In the context of the adverse drug reactions identification, sensitivityis also sought to detect more exhaustively spontaneous reports and better monitordrug risk. This is the reason that motivates our work. In our work, we thus seek to detectsemantically close terms and the together using several methods : unsupervised algorithms, terminological resources exploited with terminological reasoning and methodsof Natural Language Processing, such as terminology structuring, where we aim to detecthierarchical and synonymous relations. We conducted many experiments and evaluations of generated, which show that the proposed methods can efficiently contribute tothe task in question
Rubino, Raphaël. "Traduction automatique statistique et adaptation à un domaine spécialisé." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879945.
Full textBougouin, Adrien. "Indexation automatique par termes-clés en domaines de spécialité." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=50037b84-7248-4a67-a1c0-ecc3f737a44f.
Full textKeyphrases are words or multi-word expressions that represent the content of a document. Keyphrases give a synoptic view of a document and help to index it for information retrieval. This Ph. D thesis focuses on domain-specific automatic keyphrase annotation. Automatic keyphrase annotation is still a difficult task, and current systems do not achieve satisfactory results. Our work is divided in two steps. First, we propose a keyphrase candidate selection method that focuses on the categories of adjectives relevant within keyphrases and propose a method to rank them according to their importance within the document. This method, TopicRank, is a graph-based method that clusters keyphrase candidates into topics, ranks the topics and extracts one keyphrase per important topic. Our experiments show that TopicRank significantly outperforms other graph-basedmethods for automatic keyphrase annotation. Second, we focus on domain-specific documents and adapt our previous work. We study the best practice of manual keyphrase annotation by professional indexers andmimic it with a newmethod, TopicCoRank. TopicCoRank adds a new graph representing the specific domain to the topic graph of TopicRank. Leveraging this second graph, TopicCoRank possesses the rare ability to provide keyphrases that do not occur within documents. Applied on four corpora of four specific domains, TopicCoRank significantly outperforms TopicRank
Ngwaba, Chidinma. "Les termes de la gynécologie obstétrique en igbo : enquête sur un domaine tabou dans une langue sans documents écrits." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2107/document.
Full textThis study focuses on gynaecology-obstetrics terminology in Igbo. Our main objective is to take an inventory of Igbo terms in the area of gynaecology-obstetrics and classify them. This will enable us to examine and evaluate the adequacy of Igbo terms in relation to English and French terms. A second objective involves exposing the methodology used in Igbo term creation in the gynaecology-obstetrics domain.In our research we noticed that gaps exist in the area of gynaecology-obstetrics of the Igbo language when compared to English and French languages. We tried to fill in the gaps thereby validating the idea whereby the Igbo language like all other languages, is capable of naming concepts in any area. Our research specifically aims at collecting Igbo terms from the domain of gynaecology-obstetrics in a way that enables us explain or give information on the method of collection of such terms.The method used in the terminological study of the gynaecology-obstetrics domain in Igbo, should be suitable in studying a taboo domain of a language without written documents. An oral documentary research became necessary. Thus the Igbo terms were compiled by means oral documentation research using techniques that helped us bypass the hesitation or reluctance of many Igbo speakers to express themselves on our area of research.To constitute the nomenclature of the domain, we carried out field work. This involved the observation of and interviews with Igbo speakers namely: traditional doctors, orthodox doctors, midwives both traditional and orthodox, nurses, local chiefs and elderly persons. We thus interviewed 57 resource-persons and experts: 20 doctors, 3 nurses and 10 midwives (for the orthodox medicine component), 15 traditional doctors, 5 traditional midwives, 2 local chiefs and 2 elderly persons (for the traditional medicine component). We were equally inspired by socioterminology as exposed by Gaudin (2003, 2005) and the methodology of research as outlined in Halaoui (1990, 1991) from which we borrowed the methodology of research in terminology of African languages.Looking at our field work result, we noticed terminological gaps which we tried to fill using proposals from the people we interviewed. The work also involved the creation of terms for concepts and objects not already named in Igbo. This naming drew principally on the method described in Diki-Kidiri (2008). An analysis of the process underlying each coinage is included. The result obtained is a clear indication that the Igbo language can be used to name things.This work equally proposes a trilingual glossary: English-French-Igbo. The glossary covers such areas as: Anatomy of the female pelvis and the external genitalia, Anatomy of the internal genital organs – female, Anatomy of the male reproductive system, Physiology of the reproductive system, Development of the embryo, Physiology and nutrition in pregnancy and lactation, Foetal surveillance, Labour, The new born infant, Infections of the reproductive organs, Infections of the reproductive tract, Sexually transmitted diseases, Structural anomalies, Cancers of the reproductive system and Disorders of the urinary system.Our work comprises three parts. Part 1: “The Igbo Language of Nigeria” consists of three chapters. Chapter 1: “Nigeria a Land with ethnicity and Linguistic diversity”, Chapter 2: “Description of the Igbo Language” and Chapter 3: “Problems of Igbo Terminology”. Part 2: entitled “A Distinctive Terminological Domain: Medicine” is made up of two chapters. Chapter 4: “Sickness and Heath among the Igbos” and Chapter 5: “Practicing Medicine in Nigeria”. Part 3 comprises two chapters. Chapter 6: “Field Work” and Chapter 7: “Creating Terms in Igbo: the Gynaecology-Obstetrics Domain”
Nnyọcha anyị a dabere n’ihe gbasara amụmamụ maka ọmụmụ nwa na nwa ohụụ n’asụsụ igbo.Ebum n’obi anyị nke mbụ bụ ịchọpụta ma hazie aha dị iche iche e nwere n’asụsụ igbo gbasaraọmụmụ nwa na nwa ohụụ na ngalaba amụmamụ maka ọmụmụ nwa na nlekọta nwa ohụụ. Nkea ga-eme ka anyị nwalee aha ndịa e nwere n’asụsụ igbo na ngalaba amụmamụ maka ọmụmụnwa na nlekọta nwa ohụụ na aha ndi e nwere na olu bekee m’obụ frenchi. Ebum n’obi anyị nkeabụọ bụ ikwupụta otu anyị si nwete ma depụta aha gbasara ọmụmụ nwa na nlekọta nwa ohụụn’asụsụ igbo. Anyị kwadoro usoro mkpụrụ edemede nke igbo izugbe.Mgbe anyi n’eme nnyocha a, anyị chọpụtara n’oghere dị n’asụsụ igbo n’ihe metutara mkpọpụtaaha ihe. Nke a mere n’enwere ọtụtụ ihe ndi n’enweghị aha n’asụsụ igbo na ngalaba amụmamụmaka ọmụmụ nwa na nlekọta nwa ohụụ. Ihe ndia nwechara aha n’asụsụ ndi ọzọ. Anyị gbalịrịịfachisi oghere ndia dị n’asụsụ igbo iji gosi n’asụsụ a bụ asụsụ igbo nwekwara ike ịkpọpụta ahaihe ndi ha aka akpọbeghị aha.Usoro anyị kwesiri ịgbaso mgbe anyị na-amụ gbasara mkpọ aha n’asụsụ igbo na ngalabaamụmamụ maka ọmụmụ nwa na nlekọta nwa ohụụ, kwesiri ka ọ bụrụ nke ga-adaba na ọmụmụihe gbasara asụsụ n’enweghị ihe ndeda gbasara ngalaba amụmamụ a na kwa ngalaba nwereọtụtụ nsọ ala. Nke a mere oji dị mkpa na anyị gara mee nchọpụta n’obodo jụọ ajụjụ ọnụ iji mataaha ndi a n’agbanyeghị na ọ dịghịrị ndi mmadụ mfe ikwu maka ngalaba ihe ọmụmụ a.viNdi anyị gakwuru maka ajụjụ ọnụ a bụ ndi dibịa bekee, ndi nọọsụ, ndi dibịa ọdịnala, ndi ọghọnwa, ndi nchịkọta obodo na ndi okenye. N’ihe niile, anyị na ihe dịka mmadụ 57 kparịtara ụka.Nke a gụnyere ndi ọkachamara. N’ime ha e nwere ndi dibịa bekee 20, ndi nọọsụ 3 na ndi ọghọnwa bekee 10 n’otu akụkụ. N’akụkụ nke ọzọ, e nwere ndi dibịa ọdịnala 15, ndi ọghọ nwaọdịnala 5, ndi nchịkọta obodo 2 na ndi okenye 2. Anyị dabekwara na sosioteminọlọjị nkeGaudin (2003, 2005) na kwa usoro Halaoui (1990, 1991). Usoro a gbasara ịjụ ndi igbo ụfọdụajụjụ ọnụ na iso ha nọrọ mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ.Nchọcha anyị gụnyekwara ịkpọpụta aha dị iche iche n’asụsụ igbo nke sistemu njiamụnwa nkenwoke na nwaanyị, aha gbasara nwa e bu n’afọ na nke nwa a mụrụ ọhụụ. Anyị gbasoro usoroDiki-Kidiri (2008) maka mkpọpụta aha. Anyị mekwara nkọwa iji gosipụta otu anyị si kpọọ ahandịa. N’ikpe azụ anyị depụtara aha ndi niile anyị ji rụọ ọrụ na asụsụ bekee, frenchi na kwa igbo.Aha ndi anyị depụtara gbasara : Amụmamụ ọkpụkpụ ukwu nwaanyị na njiamụnwa, Amụmamụime njiamụnwa kenwaanyị, Amụmamụ ọganụ njiamụnwa kenwoke, Fiziọlọjị sistemunjiamụnwa, Ntolite nwa nọ n’afọ, Fiziọlọjị kenri na mmiriara n’afọ ime, Nledo nwa nọ n’afọna kwa nwaọhụụ, Imeomume, Mbido ndụ nwaọhụụ, Ọrịa ọganụ njiamụnwa, Ọrịa nwaanyị,Nkwarụ, Kansa njiamụnwa na kwa Ọrịa akpamamịrị
Benedetto, Caroline. "Contribution à l’étude de la fonction de régulation dans les domaines spécialisés anglophones : les professions à accès régulé au Royaume-Uni." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0642/document.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation aims to contribute to the study of the regulatory functionthat applies to specialised domains (Petit, 2002a, 2004, 2010) through the analysis of the health,law and engineering professions in the UK.The first part of our dissertation describes the theoretical foundations and the key elements forour research. We first define some important notions, in particular those of specialised domainand specialised discourse, before approaching the notion of regulation. We then offer a typologyof the discourses on regulation and those contributing to regulation in order to highlight theirmain stylistic and rhetorical characteristics. Lastly, we present the notion of profession, whichhas a different meaning in English and in French, before pointing out the characteristics of theanglophone regulated professions.In the second part of this dissertation, we examine the regulatory function that characterises thehealth, law and engineering domains in the UK, after showing that they are specialised domains.We then examine, in each of them, the general functioning of regulation through the study of itsactors and practices. We intend to show that there are constant elements in these domains, butalso specific elements of regulation in each of them. The analysis of regulation aims to improvethe general understanding of the specialised domains
Pribetich, Justine. "La sociologie urbaine en France : constitution et évolution d'un domaine de recherches spécialisé." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H028.
Full textAs the subject of an ongoing debate, the constitution of the urban sociology in France seems to have been difficult within the field of sociology. The basis of our study is an examination of the conditions leading to the emergence of the field, its historical forms of elaboration and development as well as its operating procedures, past and present. At the interface of factors both internal and external, this research aims to recreate the successive phases in the process of disciplinarisation of this specialized field of research, and to understand to what extent and in what manner French sociology adopted the city as an object of research from the early stages of the discipline to the present day. The first part of the study seeks to explore the genesis of urban studies up to the start of the Second World War, and to examine the nature of the first sociologists’ interest in urban events. The second part of the study explores the process of institutionalization of the domain and its evolution from 1945 to today, starting once the movement towards thematic specialisation had begun. The analysis of the scientific and academic deployments of French urban sociology allows a glimpse of its current components and the place it occupies in the disciplinary space
Dubreil, Estelle. "La dimension argumentative des collocations textuelles en corpus électronique spécialisé au domaine du TAL (N)." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486063.
Full textGoncharova, Olena. "Méthodes et modèles de construction automatisée d'ontologies pour des domaines spécialisés." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2018/document.
Full textThe thesis has been prepared within a co-supervision agreement with the Professors Jean-Hugues Chauchat (ERIC-Lyon2) and N.V. Charonova (National Polytechnic University of Kharkov in Ukraine).The results obtained can be summarized as follows:1. State of the art:Retrospective of theoretical foundations concerning the formalization of knowledge and natural language as precursors of ontology engineering.Update of the state of the art on general approaches in the field of ontology learning, and on methods for extracting terms and semantic relations.Overview of platforms and tools for ontology construction and learning; list of lexical resources available online able to support ontology learning (concept learning and relationship).2. Methodological proposals:Learning morphosyntactic patterns and implementing partial taxonomies of terms.Finding semantic classes representing concepts and relationships for the field of radiological safety.Building a frame for the various stages of the work leading to the construction of the ontology in the field of radiological safety.3. Implementation and experiments:Loading of two corpuses specialized in radiological protection, in French and Russian, with 1,500,000 and 600,000 lexical units respectively.Implementation of the three previous methods and analysis of the results obtained.The results have been published in 13 national and international journals and proceedings, between 2010 and 2016, including IMS-2012, TIA-2013, TOTH-2014, Bionica Intellecta (Бионика интеллекта) , Herald of the NTU "~ KhPI ~" (Вестник НТУ "~ ХПИ ~")
Detourbe, Marie-Agnès. "Contribution à la caractérisation des pratiques d’évaluation dans le monde de l’enseignement supérieur britannique envisagé comme domaine spécialisé." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21823/document.
Full textOur research work aims at contributing to the characterization of evaluation practices in the the British higher education sector. It draws on the theoretical and methodological framework of Anglais de spécialité, a disciplinary field focusing on specialized fields in the English-speaking world. This work consists more specifically in showing that the study of evaluation practices represents a particularly interesting way of identifying and analysing the essential characteristics of higher education in the United Kindgom. First, we introduce the theoretical and methodological framework of our study, we draw a global portrait of British higher education today and we underline the essential characteristics of the evaluation process. We then move on to explain how institutional evaluation works in the British higher education sector, who its main actors are and how they interact and how the discourses they produce can be organized into specific genres that relate to the more global category of academic discourse. Finally, we analyse in detail a set of discourses related to the evaluation of three dimensions of higher education in the United Kingdom – research, academic standards and the learning experience. The study of the criteria and results of these dimensions allows us to analyse the impact of evaluation on the professional identity of academics, on the organization of higher education institutions and, more globally, on the missions of the British higher education sector
Stalla, Bruno. "Les références médicales opposables en 1994 : aperçu de leur application dans le domaine de la prescription médicale de spécialités pharmaceutiques." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P001.
Full textLefeuvre, Luce. "Analyse des marqueurs de relations conceptuelles en corpus spécialisé : recensement, évaluation et caractérisation en fonction du domaine et du genre textuel." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20051.
Full textThe use of markers of conceptual relation for building terminological resources has been frequently emphasized. Those markers are used in corpora to detect “Term1 – marker – Term2” triple, which are then interpreted as “Term1 - Conceptual Relation – Term2” triple allowing to represent knowledge as a relational system model. The transition from one triple to another questions the stability of this link, regardless of corpora. In this thesis, we study the variation of the “candidate-markers” of relation taking into account the domain and the text genre. To this end, we identified the French markers for the hyperonym, the meronym and the causal relation, and systematically analyzed their functioning within corpora varying according to the domain (breast cancer vs. volcanology) and the text genre (popular science vs. specialized texts). For each context containing a candidate-marker, we evaluated the capacity of the candidate-marker to really indicate the required relation. Our researches attest to the relevance of taking into account the domain and the text genre when describing the functioning of conceptual relation markers
Patin, Gaël. "Extraction interactive et non supervisée de lexique en chinois contemporain appliquée à la constitution de ressources linguistiques dans un domaine spécialisé." Paris, INALCO, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INAL0003.
Full textThis thesis deals with lexical unit extraction in contemporary Chinese from a corpus of specialized texts. It addresses the task of Chinese lexicon extraction using techniques based on linguistic characteristics of the Chinese language. The thesis also discusses how to evaluate the extraction of a lexicon in an industrial environment. The first part of the thesis describes the context of the study. We focus on describing the linguistic concepts of vocabulary and lexical units, and we also give a description of the construction of lexical units in contemporary Chinese. We then make a inventory of the different techniques used by the scientific community to address the task of extracting a contemporary Chinese lexicon. We conclude this section by describing lexicon extraction practices in industry, and we propose a formalization of the criteria used by terminologists to select the relevant lexical units. The second part of this thesis deals with the description of a method for extracting Chinese contemporary lexicon and its evaluation. We introduce a new numerical unsupervised method based on structural features of the lexical unit in Chinese and syntactic features of Chinese. The method includes an optional module to interact with a user (i. E. Semi-automatic). In the section related to the evaluation, we first evaluate the potential of the method by comparing extraction results to a reference standard and a reference method. We then implement a more pragmatic evaluation of the method by measuring the gains using this method as opposed to manual lexicon extraction by terminologists. The results obtained by our method are better than those produced by the reference method on the reference standard. These results are encouraging, but need to be confirmed by a more comprehensive study. The pragmatic evaluation shows that the method does not significantly improve the productivity of terminologists but can extract different lexical units than those obtained manually
Roche, Mathieu. "Intégration de la construction de la terminologie de domaines spécialisés dans un processus global de fouille de textes." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112330.
Full textInformation extraction from specialized texts requires the application of a complete process of text mining. One of the steps of this process is term detection. The terms are defined as groups of words representing a linguistic instance of some user-defined concept. For example, the term "data mining" evokes the concept of “computational technique”. Initially, the task of terminology acquisition consists in extracting groups of words instanciating simple syntactic patterns such as Noun-Noun, Adjective-Noun, etc. One specificity of our algorithm is its iterative mode used to build complex terms. For example, if at the first iteration the Noun-Noun term “data mining” is found, at the following step the term “data-mining application” can be obtained. Moreover, with EXIT (Iterative EXtraction of the Terminology) the expert stands at the center of the terminology extraction process and he can intervene throughout the process. In addition to the iterative aspect of the system, many parameters were added. One of these parameters makes possible the use of various statistical criteria to classify the terms according to their relevance for a task to achieve. Our approach was validated with four corpora of different languages and size, and different fields of specialty. Lastly, a method based on a supervised machine learning approach is proposed in order to improve the quality of the obtained terminology
De, Groc Clément. "Collecte orientée sur le Web pour la recherche d’information spécialisée." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112073/document.
Full textVertical search engines, which focus on a specific segment of the Web, become more and more present in the Internet landscape. Topical search engines, notably, can obtain a significant performance boost by limiting their index on a specific topic. By doing so, language ambiguities are reduced, and both the algorithms and the user interface can take advantage of domain knowledge, such as domain objects or characteristics, to satisfy user information needs.In this thesis, we tackle the first inevitable step of a all topical search engine : focused document gathering from the Web. A thorough study of the state of art leads us to consider two strategies to gather topical documents from the Web: either relying on an existing search engine index (focused search) or directly crawling the Web (focused crawling).The first part of our research has been dedicated to focused search. In this context, a standard approach consists in combining domain-specific terms into queries, submitting those queries to a search engine and down- loading top ranked documents. After empirically evaluating this approach over 340 topics, we propose to enhance it in two different ways: Upstream of the search engine, we aim at formulating more relevant queries in or- der to increase the precision of the top retrieved documents. To do so, we define a metric based on a co-occurrence graph and a random walk algorithm, which aims at predicting the topical relevance of a query. Downstream of the search engine, we filter the retrieved documents in order to improve the document collection quality. We do so by modeling our gathering process as a tripartite graph and applying a random walk with restart algorithm so as to simultaneously order by relevance the documents and terms appearing in our corpus.In the second part of this thesis, we turn to focused crawling. We describe our focused crawler implementation that was designed to scale horizontally. Then, we consider the problem of crawl frontier ordering, which is at the very heart of a focused crawler. Such ordering strategy allows the crawler to prioritize its fetches, maximizing the number of in-domain documents retrieved while minimizing the non relevant ones. We propose to apply learning to rank algorithms to efficiently order the crawl frontier, and define a method to learn a ranking function from existing crawls
Hendawi, Hossam. "L'Organisation des pays arabes exportateurs de pétrole (OPAEP) : problémes juridiques et politiques d'une organisation internationale spécialisée dans le domaine des affaires pétrolières." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF10053.
Full textSebotsa, Mosisili. "La contribution de la traduction à l'expansion lexicale du sesotho." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2121/document.
Full textWhilst translation is simply defined as a communication process whose main objective is to reproduce in the target language a text that is functionally equivalent to the source text (Reiss 2004: 168-169), the approach taken in this study views translation as an intercultural and systematic operation whose objective is to capture the message from the foreign language, to decrypt it taking into account cultural nuances or those inherent in the field at hand and to render it in the clearest possible manner using linguistic and extra linguistic elements which are comprehensible to the speaker of the target language. This study is aimed at determining the contribution of translation to the lexical expansion of Sesotho, an area which has been little explored by specialists of the language. The core issue is centred on the observation that Sesotho neologisms are not well documented, so that it is hard to measure the contribution of translation towards the lexical expansion of Sesotho. Analyses of morphology, derivation, compounding, borrowing and denomination are mainly focused on productivity in order to determine whether translation as a discipline contributes towards the creation of new words in the language.The study begins by positing the hypothesis that the interaction with the Western world necessitated the translation of numerous concepts which were absent from the then existing Sesotho systems. This process of interaction contributed a new dynamism that helped the language to bridge the terminological gap, to open up and adapt to new realities. In order to put this hypothesis to the test and arrive at well-researched and reliable conclusions, I attempt to probe three issues of concern: firstly, what is the structure of the Sesotho language compared to that of the English language as the source language of most translations into Sesotho and compared to that of the French language as the language in which this study is presented? Secondly, considering that Sesotho is used simultaneously with English even though it is not a techno-scientifically inventing language, what is the role played by the processes of borrowing in the lexical expansion of Sesotho? Thirdly, from the word-formation point of view, how does Sesotho respond to the terminological deficiencies in various fields of specialisation?To address these issues, Doke (1954) and Matšela et al. (1981) serve as references to situate Sesotho among the Bantu languages, to highlight the functions of the class prefix and to establish the difference between Sesotho and English and French compounding. Secondly, the theory advanced by Lederer (1990) serves as a springboard to analyse the syntactic, semantic and morphological influences that English has on Sesotho and to present the different borrowing processes. The third issue is addressed based on the theories presented by Diki-Kidiri (2008) while the theories proposed by Dispaldro et al. (2010) and Baboya (2008) led to the decision to call upon specialist informants to confirm the original hypothesis. The results obtained provide evidence that translation has, in fact, contributed to the lexical expansion of modern Sesotho, even though this has not been well documented. The study recommends collaborative work between Lesotho, Botswana, Namibian and South African linguists in order to open new avenues of linguistic studies on Sesotho with the aim to measure and monitor the evolution of the language
Simard, Tanya. "Analyse comparative de la couverture et de l’acceptabilité des solutions d’un dictionnaire bilingue spécialisé, d’une banque de données terminologiques et d’un concordancier en ligne : application au domaine de la traduction médicale." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24929.
Full textSi, Ahmed Aïssa. "La coordination des activités des institutions spécialisées du système des Nations unies dans les domaines économique et social." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR30005.
Full textThe United nations system is composed by a great number of organizations that the action must be coordinated specialy in the economic and social fields. This necessary coordination aims to avoid the double employments and overlaps of activities, but also to alow a deep efficiency in the hole activities. In fact it is two kinds of coordination in the United nations system is done in two levels: centralized and decentralized levels. At the centralized level the coordination is essentialy realized by the Economic and social council which uses different processes consecrated by the uno charter and also by the arrangements held between the uno and the specialized agencies. The Economic and social council proceeds by means of recommandations in its mission of coordination. But these recommandations collide with autonomy of the specialized agencies which are independant organizations. In the central level also exist coordinating efforts between the agencies itselves that are realized by differents processes as the reciprocal representation or the exchange of informations and documents. The aim of this coordination is to tend to an harmonization of the sectoral programs. The second level is the regional level where each organization of the un system institued such strucutres. The regional structures are various and numerous. The regional economic commissions of the uno are considered as the essential centers of the regional coordination the coordination is also realized in the country level where the undp resident representative has an important role in the country programming level as decided by the general assembly 32 197 resolution
Bernhard, Delphine. "Apprentissage de connaissances morphologiques pour l'acquisition automatique de ressources lexicales." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119257.
Full textNous présentons deux systèmes d'acquisition de connaissances morphologiques non supervisés, caractérisés par des approches différentes. Le premier procède par segmentation des mots, tandis que le second regroupe les mots dans des familles morphologiques.
Nous explorons ensuite les utilisations possibles de ce type d'informations pour l'acquisition de termes et de relations sémantiques. Nous proposons notamment une méthode de pondération et de visualisation des mots clés extraits de corpus de textes de spécialité en fonction de leur famille morphologique. Nous définissons également des schémas, basés sur les résultats de la segmentation morphologique, afin de découvrir des relations sémantiques telles que la spécialisation et la cohyponymie.
Denquin, Sylvie. "Les coopérations interprofessionnelles en cancérologie : analyse d'un réseau régional de spécialistes au niveau local." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50377-2007-1.pdf.
Full textRibas, Sandrine, and Philippe Martin-noureux. "La coopération entre les enseignants et les éducateurs spécialisés : une culture en commun pour la scolarisation des enfants en situation de handicap." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20036.
Full textSince the 2009-378 decree which aimed at encouraging cooperation between the French National Educational system and the medico social sector, School hasn’t been considered as a territory that stops where special education starts. The real goal of this decree is to bring two different cultures together that of the teacher and that of special needs worker. This is why this thesis was written jointly by a special needs worker and a teacher.Educational practitioners are to cooperate to respond to the right to schooling determined by the February 11 2005 law, and the decrees that were issued onwards. Thus we aim to identify the basis of these cultures and what shapes school current practices.We did not follow an experimental method guided by the will to produce evidence but a comprehensive in-depth view. Using an ethnographic research approach combining participant observation and a semi-guided interviews enables us to get as close as possible to these practices. Thanks to the data gathered, we identify each of these cultures and attempt to highlight the elements hindering or facilitating the cooperation between teachers and special needs workers. Finally, we are considering a new form of dialogue between teachers and special needs workers.From now on, educational practitioners should adopt working methods in which the child’s project prevails, a project in which teachers and special needs workers’ expertise are combined so as to work together and ensure continuity in the progress of the project.We are thus looking at the possibility of a new approach borrowing elements and practices from the culture of both teachers and special needs workers
Beddar, Mohand. "Vers un prototype de traduction automatique contrôlée français/arabe appliquée aux domaines à sécurité critique." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA1013/document.
Full textThe result of our research is a proposal for a controlled French to Arabic machine translation model, applied to security critical domains. This cross-disciplinary research study covers controlled languages and French to Arabic machine translation, two intimately related concepts. In a situation of crisis where communication must play its full role, and in the context of increasing globalisation where many languages coexist, our research findings show that the combination of these two concepts is sorely needed. No one can deny today the predominant role played by security in people’s daily life and the significant challenges it presents in modern societies. These more and more complex and interconnected societies present evident vulnerabilities that force them to rethink their means of protection and in particular that of their communication systems. Language communication with computerised systems is one of the most widely used forms of communication for the transfer of knowledge required in carrying out and completing tasks and in the good conduct of various activities. However, and contrary to an entrenched idea that tends to associate the risk of poor communication only with oral transmission, the use of written language can also be subject to risk. Indeed, a protocol or an alert which is badly formulated can provoke serious accidents due to misunderstanding, in particular during a crisis and under stress. It is in this context that our research has been undertaken. Our thesis proposes an innovative approach in the fields of controlled language and machine translation in which, relying on a microsystemic analysis of the language and a study of the corpus in intension, precise standards are defined for writing and translating protocols and security alerts written in French automatically into Arabic. Indeed, new concepts are introduced by means of several normative methods involved not only in the controlling process but also in the machine translation process. The French to Arabic machine translation system TACCT (Traduction Automatique Contrôlée Centre Tesnière) developed during our research is a rule-based system based on an isomorphic syntactic and semantic model stemming from intra- and interlanguage analysis between French and Arabic. It introduces new concepts including controlled mirror macrostructures, where the syntax and semantics of the source and target languages are represented at the same level
Darcel-Thomas, Armelle. "Autisme : les professionnels réinterrogés : des identités professionnelles en mouvement." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20057.
Full textAt a time when obvious evolution in the knowledge of the syndrom of autism may be noted, how people suffering from autism are taken care of is be coming an area of territorial as well as ideologicol stakes. The new relationship with autism crystallise an identity crise for the professional working in the health and medico social services. Autism is now revealing and hinting that new professional practices are necessary. Social workers, nurses and care-workers are now defined in the texts as reflective pratitioners. Professionals in position have now to find a joint in pluridisciplinary team and to work with parents. This research aims at identifying practices and difficulties to the people suffering from autism and their environment, inside workteams, analysing strained professional identities and proposing implement to professional in position. The vocational training, the team's work and analysis of the praticies in use are the core of change studies
Paubel, Pascal. "Achats des produits du domaine pharmaceutique dans les établissements publics de santé : bilan au 30 novembre 2008 des réformes du code des marchés publics : de la tarification à l'activité et de la rétrocession." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL20002.
Full textFrench public hospitals use for all purchases (works, supplies, services) the rules of public contracts. These procedures were modified in 2001, 2004 and 2006, with consequences for practices of hospitals buyers. This work presents fundamentals principles of procedures for public contracts and the organization of purchases in french public hospitals. The consequences of all procedures described by the directory of 1th August 2006 are analysed for supply of medicines and medical devices. This work presents also different modes of financing for medicines and medical devices after the reform of payments by results and the reform for distribution of medicines to ambulatory patients. Analysis of consequences of these reforms for purchase of medicines is suggested at November 2008
Noyrit, Florian. "Conception dirigée par les modèles à l’aide de langages de modélisation hétérogènes : application aux profils UML." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112224.
Full textThe various stakeholders who describe study and implement a complex system require viewpoints that are dedicated to their concerns. However, in the context of Model-Driven Engineering, approaches to define and implement those viewpoints are either too rigid and inappropriate or completely ad hoc. In addition, those various viewpoints are rarely independent from each other. Therefore, we must strive to identify and describe the relationships/correspondences between the viewpoints in order to be able to verify that the parts of the solution given by the various stakeholders form a consistent whole.The work presented in this thesis provides a way to define dedicated languages based on UML for the viewpoints. For this, a method that analyzes the semantics of the textual descriptions of the concepts of the domain we want to map to UML has been implemented to facilitate the definition of UML profiles. The results we get on the concrete test cases we considered are encouraging and go beyond results of existing tools. To define a viewpoint based on some UML profiles, this thesis provides a method that lets the methodologist make explicit the viewpoint he/she wants. A tool can then generate the tooling that implements this viewpoint in a modeling environment together with the corresponding dedicated language while current practice is based on an implementation essentially manual.To assist the identification of relationships between the viewpoints, this thesis proposes again to analyze the semantics of textual descriptions of concepts of the languages used by the viewpoints. Used in combination with existing syntactic heuristics, the proposed approach provides good results when the terminologies of the languages that are analyzed are far apart. A theoretical framework based on category theory is provided to make explicit formally correspondences. To use this framework, a category for languages based on UML has been proposed. To be able to make explicit the correspondences between the models of those languages as well, the category of OWL ontologies is used. A solution is proposed to characterize correspondences that are more complex than the simple equivalence relationship. This theoretical framework provides a way to define formally complex relationships that can be used to verify the consistency of the architectural description. Once the description of the architecture has been integrated according to the formal correspondences, the issue of consistency is considered. The experiments carried out on a concrete test case to verify consistency on a syntactic perspective give satisfactory practical results. The experiments carried on the same test case to verify consistency on a semantic perspective don’t give satisfactory practical results
Robalo, Karima Fangour. "Vulgarisation Terminologique dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/89285.
Full textAlipour, Marjan. "Méthodologie de conversion de dictionnaires spécialisés en dictionnaires d’apprentissage : application au domaine de l’informatique." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11504.
Full textCe travail décrit une méthodologie pour convertir un dictionnaire spécialisé en dictionnaire d’apprentissage. Le dictionnaire pour lequel nous proposons la méthodologie est le DiCoInfo, le Dictionnaire fondamental de l’informatique et d’Internet. Nous nous concentrons sur les modifications affectant la présentation des données de notre dictionnaire. Ce qu’on entend par dictionnaire d’apprentissage, dans notre cas, c’est un dictionnaire traitant le domaine de l’informatique et d’Internet, répondant aux besoins de nos utilisateurs dans des situations de communication et de cognition. Notre dictionnaire est destiné aux apprenants de la langue de l’informatique. Nous commençons par présenter une description détaillée de quatre dictionnaires d’apprentissage. Nous expliquons comment les observations réalisées sur ces ressources nous ont servi dans le développement de notre méthodologie. Pour développer notre méthodologie, basés sur les travaux de Bergenholtz et Tarp (Bergenholtz 2003; Tarp 2008; Fuertes Olivera et Tarp 2011), nous avons, en premier, défini les types d’utilisateurs de notre dictionnaire. Les traducteurs comptent parmi notre premier public cible. Nous nous adressons également à ceux qui oeuvrent dans les domaines connexes de la traduction : réviseurs / correcteurs, rédacteurs techniques, interprètes. Nous avons également déterminé les situations d’utilisation de notre dictionnaire. Celui-ci vise à aider les apprenants à résoudre les problèmes de compréhension, de production et de traduction de textes (situations communicatives) et à étudier la terminologie informatique (situations cognitives). Ainsi nous avons établi les fonctions lexicographiques de notre dictionnaire : fonctions communicatives et cognitives. Par la suite, nous avons extrait 50 articles à partir du DiCoInfo auxquels nous avons apporté des modifications à plusieurs niveaux : la mise en page, la présentation des données, la navigation et l'utilisation des outils audio et visuels. Les changements ont été effectués en tenant compte de deux paramètres fondamentaux : 1) la simplification de la présentation; 2) les fonctions lexicographiques (lesquelles incluent les utilisateurs visés et les situations d’utilisation). De cette manière, nous avons exploité les outils que la technologie nous offrait pour actualiser l’interface et la mise en page. Des stratégies ont été élaborées en vue d'organiser une grande partie des liens lexicaux de façon plus simple. Nous avons associé ces liens à des exemples montrant leur usage dans des contextes particuliers. Les outils audio et visuels ont été utilisés, soit la prononciation audio et les illustrations. Chaque changement a été effectué en tenant compte de la fonction lexicographique à laquelle il correspond.
Zhang, Zhuo. "Domain-specific question answering system : an application to the construction sector." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14526.
Full textRamos, Margarida Viegas. "Knowledge Organization and Terminology: application to Cork." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/111722.
Full textCette thèse vise à prouver la pertinence des textes dans le volet conceptuel du travail terminologique. Notre méthodologie sert à démontrer comment les linguistes peuvent déduire des informations de connaissance à partir de textes et les systématiser par la suite, soit à travers des représentations semi-formelles ou formelles. Nous nous concentrons principalement sur l'analyse terminologique de corpus spécialisé faisant appel à des outils semi-automatiques d'analyse de texte pour systématiser les relations lexico-sémantiques observées dans un contexte de discours spécialisé et la modélisation ultérieure du système conceptuel sous-jacent. L’objectif de cette méthodologie est de proposer une typologie qui peut aider les lexicographes à rédiger des définitions. Sur la base de la double dimension de la terminologie, nous émettons l'hypothèse que la modélisation textuelle et logique ne va pas de pair puisque cette dernière n'est pas directement liée à la première. Nous soulignons que la connaissance et le langage sont essentiels pour la systématisation des connaissances, tout en gardant à l'esprit qu'ils appartiennent à différents niveaux d'analyse, car ils ne sont pas isomorphes. Pour atteindre nos objectifs, nous avons eu recours à des textes spécialisés produits dans l'industrie du liège. Ces textes nous fournissent un banc d'essai constitué de données riches en connaissances qui nous permettent de démontrer nos mécanismes déductifs utilisant la formule aristotélicienne : X = Y + DC à travers l'analyse linguistique et conceptuelle des données textuelles extraites semi-automatiquement. Pour l'exploitation du corpus, nous avons recours à des stratégies de text mining où les expressions régulières jouent un rôle central. Le but de cette étude est de créer une ressource terminologique pour l'industrie du liège, où deux types de ressources sont liés, à savoir le CorkCorpus et l'OntoCork. TermCork est un projet qui découle de l'organisation des connaissances dans le domaine spécialisé du liège. À cette fin, une base de données de connaissances terminologiques est en cours de développement pour alimenter un dictionnaire électronique. Cet edictionnaire est conçu comme un produit multilingue et multimodal, où plusieurs ressources, à savoir linguistiques et conceptuelles, sont jumelées. OntoCork est une micro-ontologie de domaine où les concepts sont enrichis de définitions de langage naturel et complétés par des images, annotées avec des méta-informations ou enrichies d'hyperliens vers des informations supplémentaires. Ce type de dictionnaire électronique désigne ce que nous considérons comme un outil terminologique utile dans la société de l'information numérique actuelle : la prise en compte de ses principales caractéristiques, ainsi qu'un format électronique qui peut être intégré dans le Web sémantique en raison de son format de données d'interopérabilité. Cet aspect met l'accent sur sa contribution à réduire autant que possible l'ambiguïté et à accroître l'efficacité de la communication entre les experts du domaine, les futurs experts et les professionnels de la langue.