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1
Boianovsky, Mauro. "Domar, expectations, and growth stabilization." Cambridge Journal of Economics 45, no. 4 (2021): 723–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beab019.
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Abstract Evsey Domar investigated in the 1940s the implementation of growth stabilization policy under the assumption that policy makers and businessmen alike believed his theoretical growth model. Economic policy was supposed to work merely through the impact of its announcement on expectations. He claimed that confident expectations, generated by government’s assurance of future growth through fiscal policy, would induce private investment decisions in a scale that would bring about the required growth rate and by that justify the expectations, without putting the guarantee to test. Domar’s policy framework contrasts with the policy-ineffectiveness proposition of New Classical macroeconomics advanced in the 1970s. Domar’s stabilization plan is discussed in detail in the context of his growth model, together with similar ideas put forward by Roy Harrod, as the latter modified aspects of his original growth model, and critical reactions by Alvin Hansen.
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Gulati, Harmeet Singh, and Deepinder Kaur. "Solow Model and Its Linkage with Harrod-Domar." International Journal of Mathematics Trends and Technology 45, no. 2 (2017): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315373/ijmtt-v45p512.
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Hochstein, Alan. "The Harrod-Domar Model in a Keynesian Framework." International Advances in Economic Research 23, no. 3 (2017): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11294-017-9639-7.
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Tarasov, Vasily E., and Valentina V. Tarasova. "Harrod–Domar Growth Model with Memory and Distributed Lag." Axioms 8, no. 1 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms8010009.
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In this paper, we propose a macroeconomic growth model, in which we take into account memory with power-law fading and gamma distributed lag. This model is a generalization of the standard Harrod–Domar growth model. Fractional differential equations of this generalized model with memory and lag are suggested. For these equations, we obtain solutions, which describe the macroeconomic growth of national income with fading memory and distributed time-delay. The asymptotic behavior of these solutions is described.
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Betz, Frederick. "Capital Structures: Vectorizing the Harrod-Domar Model in Macro-Economics." Theoretical Economics Letters 08, no. 12 (2018): 2682–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/tel.2018.812170.
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Hagemann, Harald. "Solow's 1956 Contribution in the Context of the Harrod-Domar Model." History of Political Economy 41, Suppl 1 (2009): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-2009-017.
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Rumawir, Jeane. "The Implementation of Harrod-Domar Economic Growth Model in North Sulawesi, Indonesia." International Journal of Applied Business and International Management 4, no. 1 (2019): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/ijabim.v4i1.379.
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The study aimed to: Understand and analyze the poors perceptions and attitude on poverty reduction programs, identify, elaborate, and analyzethe term poor among the poor people and identify and analyze meaning and expectation on poverty reduction program. This research applies developmental research method; the analysis model uses SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). Before applying this model, goodness of fit was conducted in order to find out whether this model can be accepted or not. The model could achived goodness of fit; therefore, all variables could follow hypothesis test. The research result showed the changed in economic structures have direct significant influence on the government’s stimulus and economic growth. Capital establishment also has direct unsignificant effect on the government’s stimulus. Capitall establishment has significant influence to the economic growth and the socio cultural influence does not have significant influence to the economic growth. These results indicate that the greater stimulus of the government signified by precise goals leads to better economic growth.
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Cottin-Euziol, Edouard. "The repayment of bank credits having financed investments in the Domar model." Brazilian Keynesian Review 1, no. 2 (2015): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33834/bkr.v1i2.37.
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In the Domar model, based on the Keynesian multiplier theory, investment generates savings. Therefore, savings cannot fund investments, at least ex ante. Investments have first to be financed by bank credit, hence the question on their repayment. In this article, we suppose that investments are financed by bank credits issued on several periods, as it typically takes years for firms to reimburse their investment debt. What we then obtain is that, in order to avoid an overproduction crisis, the rate of capital accumulation has to gradually rise throughout a growth phase. This result paves the way to a theory of cycles based on the repayment of bank credits.
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Ahmad, Eatzaz, and Amber Naz. "An Empirical Analysis of Convergence Hypothesis." Pakistan Development Review 39, no. 4II (2000): 729–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v39i4iipp.729-740.
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A useful contribution of wide ranging debate in the growth literature is that it has put forward a number of testable hypotheses. One of such hypotheses is known as the convergence hypothesis whereby it is postulated that in the long run developing countries would catch-up with the developed countries in terms of per capita income. Although the convergence hypothesis has gained researchers’ interest in recent times, the basic proposition was laid down in the neo-classical growth model of Solow (1956) and Swan (1956). Traditionally Solow-Swan model has been regarded as a theoretically consistent answer to Harrods’s (1939) twin problems of discrepancy between the warranted and natural rates of growth and instability in the growth process. Although Solow- Swan model is designed to study growth process within a single country, the concept of conditional convergence is far from being alien to the model; it in fact forms the core of argument in the attack on Harrod-Domar model [Harrod (1939) and Domar (1946)].
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Hochstein, Alan. "The Harrod-Domar Model, the Money Market and the Elasticity of the Investment Demand Curve." International Advances in Economic Research 26, no. 2 (2020): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11294-020-09784-2.
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Mencinger, Joze. "The Yugoslav Economy: Systemic Changes, 1945-1986." Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 707 (January 1, 1989): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.1989.38.
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In the theory of economic systems, the Yugoslav economy serves as the one example of the self-managed, participatory, labor-managed, socialist market economy. Benjamin Ward's "lliyrian firm" (Ward, 1958), Evsey Domar's "producers' cooperative" (Domar, 1966), Jaroslav Vanek's "tabormanaged market eco~omy" (Vanek, 1970) and Branko Horvat's "realistic model" (Horvat, 1972) have all been (iirectly or indirectly inspired by the particularities of the Yugoslav institutional setting. This setting has, however, not been very stable. Thus, Yugoslav post-war systemic development is often divided into distinct systemic periods.
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Akaev, A., U. Dzhamakeev, and A. Korotayev. "Economic Dynamics of the United States in 1990—2011: Keynesian Analysis." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 20, 2013): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-1-117-130.
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In this work a Keynesian analysis of economic development of the USA in 1990—2011 has been carried out. At the beginning, on the basis of the simple Harrod — Domar growth models, it has been shown that in this period the economic policy of the government did not provide balanced and sustainable economic growth. Then, in-depth analysis of economic growth with the use of Tobin’s monetary dynamic model has been carried out and it has been shown that recession in the U.S. economy, observed in 2007—2009, was the result of an explosive growth in the money supply caused by the need to finance the huge budget deficit. It has also been concluded that if the current trend of money emission persists, the implementation of the next quantitative easing program QE3 as early as in 2013 will lead to a new recession.
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Bigio, Saki, and Jennifer La’O. "Distortions in Production Networks*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 135, no. 4 (2020): 2187–253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjaa018.
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Abstract How does an economy’s production structure determine its macroeconomic response to sectoral distortions? We study a static, multisector framework in which production is organized in an input-output network and production decisions are distorted. Sectoral distortions manifest at the aggregate level via two channels: total factor productivity (TFP) and the labor wedge. We show that near efficiency, distortions have zero first-order effects on TFP and nonzero first-order effects on the labor wedge, and that a sufficient statistic for the latter are the Domar weights. We thereby provide a Hulten-like theorem for the aggregate effects of sectoral distortions. A quantitative application of the model to the 2008–09 financial crisis suggests that the U.S. input-output structure amplified financial distortions by roughly a factor of two during the crisis.
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Aminda, Renea Shinta, and Rachmatullaily Tinakartika Rinda. "LAJU INVESTASI BENTUK PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA TAHUN 2008-2017." Inovator 8, no. 2 (2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/inovator.v8i1.2505.
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<p class="16bIsiAbstrak">Dalam pengembangan teori investasi, salah satu teori investasi yang berkaitan dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah model pertumbuhan Harrod-Domar. dimana inti dari model pertumbuhan ini adalah hubungan jangka pendek antara peningkatan investasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Investasi yang baik akan mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui negara yang menginvestasikan dananya dan besar persentase penanaman modal asing di Indonesia, kemudian untuk mengetahui� penanaman modal dalam negeri di Indonesia, termasuk besaran investasi PDMN di provinsi dan besarnya perbandingan antara� persentase penanaman Modal Asing dan Penanaman Modal dalam negeri, data dalam penelitian ini adalah Data yang digunakan untuk melakukan penghitungan adalah data PMA dan PMDN dari tahun 2018 sampai dengan tahun 2017 yang didalamnya memuat data-data daerah/provinsi� dan negara asal investor yang menanamkan modalnya di Indonesia dari Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Indonesia dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif eksploratif, Diperoleh hasil penelitian pada tahun 2012 presentase pertumbuhan PMA terbesar terjadi diangka 26,06% dan terendah terjadi pada tahun 2018 sebesar -8,78%. Investasi PMA dan PMDN Tahun 2008� sampai Tahun 2017, dimana singapore sebagai negara investor PMA tertinggi sepanjang 10 tahun terakhir dan Provinsi Jabar sebagai Provinsi dengan PMDA terbesar, realisasi investasi naik secara signifikan dari tahun ketahun dimana nilai PMA lebih tinggi dibandingkan PMDN, dan total investasi yang semakin tinggi setiap tahunnya mencerminkan kinerja ekonomi berjalan baik, angka investasi yang berjalan semakin baik� memperlihatkan� perbaikan iklim dan pelayanan investasi.</p>
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Juliet Nakabugo, Mary, Stephen Muathe, and Evans Mwasiaji. "Conceptualizing Microfinance Services, Government Regulation and Performance in the Context of Coffee Entrepreneurs: A Theoretical Review." International Journal of Business and Management 16, no. 4 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v16n4p1.
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Microfinance is a poverty reduction gadget since it offers financial assistance to those in need and therefore it is a game plan for uplifting small and medium enterprises. While it has been studied widely in the context of small and medium enterprises, little literature reflects coffee entrepreneurs. This paper, therefore, shows a review of existing theoretical and empirical literature on constructs of microfinance services, government regulations and performance in the context of coffee entrepreneurs. The specific objectives of the study were to discuss the key constructs, establish theories that link these constructs and then recommend a conceptual framework which guides future studies on the highlighted knowledge gaps. The study was anchored on resource-based view supported by, Harrod-Domar model, poverty alleviation and diffusion of innovation theories. The study was a desktop review, and the scores show that studies focused on a direct relationship between microfinance services and small and medium enterprises but did not incorporate coffee entrepreneurs and the moderating effect of government governments. It is therefore recommended that further research should include the context of coffee entrepreneurs to show the effects of microfinance on these entrepreneurs and the moderating variable of government regulations.
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Khan, Ashfaque H., and Zafar Mueen Nasir. "Stylised Facts of Household Savings: Findings from the IDES 1993-94." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 4II (1998): 749–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.749-763.
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Saving, the fraction of national income that is not spent on current consumption, has long been widely regarded as a key factor in economic growth.1 The saving rate along with the incremental capital-output ratio determine the growth rate of the economy in the Harrod-Domar Model framework. The critical role of saving in capital accumulation and economic development is also recognised in the "two-gap" and classical growth models. For capital accumulation to result in sustained growth, it must be supported by adequate domestic/national savings. This has been clearly demonstrated by the extra-ordinary performance of the East Asian economies. While there have been brief periods of significant inflow of external financial resources to some developing countries in the past, foreign savings cannot be expected to provide a sustainable basis for financing domestic investment. Raising' national saving rate is particularly essential to developing countries with a heavy debt service burden and limited capacity to obtain loans in foreign capital markets. The 1995 Mexican crisis showed, among other things, that low domestic savings can raise the probability of sudden capital outflows, and sharpen their negative consequences. In a financially integrated world, high national/domestic savings contribute to macro economic stability which is itself a powerful growth factor. Indeed, any macro economic adjustment programmes oriented to the resumption of long-run growth invariably emphasise the need to expand domestic savings.
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صیام, جمال, та فاطمة منصور. "Estimating the Investments Required for the Development Plan and the Resource Gap Using the Harrod-Domar Model تقدیر الاستثمارات المطلوبة لخطة التنمیة و فجوة الموارد باستخدام نموذج هارود-دومار". Journal of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences 9, № 1 (2018): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jaess.2018.35384.
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Tarasov, Vasily E. "Generalized Memory: Fractional Calculus Approach." Fractal and Fractional 2, no. 4 (2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract2040023.
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The memory means an existence of output (response, endogenous variable) at the present time that depends on the history of the change of the input (impact, exogenous variable) on a finite (or infinite) time interval. The memory can be described by the function that is called the memory function, which is a kernel of the integro-differential operator. The main purpose of the paper is to answer the question of the possibility of using the fractional calculus, when the memory function does not have a power-law form. Using the generalized Taylor series in the Trujillo-Rivero-Bonilla (TRB) form for the memory function, we represent the integro-differential equations with memory functions by fractional integral and differential equations with derivatives and integrals of non-integer orders. This allows us to describe general economic dynamics with memory by the methods of fractional calculus. We prove that equation of the generalized accelerator with the TRB memory function can be represented by as a composition of actions of the accelerator with simplest power-law memory and the multi-parametric power-law multiplier. As an example of application of the suggested approach, we consider a generalization of the Harrod-Domar growth model with continuous time.
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MAHADEA, DARMA. "PROSPECTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO THE CHALLENGE OF JOB CREATION IN SOUTH AFRICA." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 17, no. 04 (2012): 1250020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946712500203.
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Entrepreneurship is critical to job creation and economic growth. Unemployment in South Africa is presently at about 25 percent. The formal sector is unable to provide adequate employment opportunities for labor although the country registered positive economic growth rates over the past 17 years since the demise of apartheid. Some people manage to obtain employment in the informal sector. However, this sector also has been shedding labor recently. Although the government has responded with many initiatives to deal with employment creation, unemployment rates, especially among the youth, remain a formidable challenge. Entrepreneurship, through the creation of new ventures and expansion of business firms, can make a difference to absorb more people in the labor market. However, this depends on the level of entrepreneurial capacity and environment of the South African economy. This paper examines the problem of low employment economic growth performance over the post-apartheid period. By drawing on the Harrod-Domar model as a heuristic guide, and using regression analysis, the paper highlights the probable links between changes in economic growth and in employment. The results indicate the marginal employment growth effect is positive, the growth elasticity of employment is low over the 1994–2010 period and investment in relation to the country's desired growth in GDP is also found to be low. The paper identifies some constraints to employment creation against the entrepreneurial environmental conditions in South Africa and then examines how entrepreneurship can make a difference to employment creation.
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Uddin, SMH, and MN Islam. "Investigation of Static Laterally Loaded Pile in Layered Sandy Soil." Journal of Science Foundation 8, no. 1-2 (2013): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14630.
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Investigation of the static lateral load resistance of pile on layered sandy soil was made by laboratory model test on single pile. The experiment was carried out with variable diameter and variable embedded length of pile on sandy soil. In this study, model pile was single pile which satisfies the Meyerhofs Relative Stiffness limit of pile for flexible pile. Single pile embedded length, L=0.46m, 0.609m, 0.762m for pile diameter, d=0.013m, 0.019m, 0.026m, respectively. And for surcharge condition embedded length of single pile, L=0.609m and surcharge of pressure, P=3369.55Kg/m3, P=6739.1 Kg/m3 and P=13478.20Kg/m3 for each diameter and for saturated condition of pile diameter, d=0.013m. These experiments were conducted with local sand of Rajshahi region and domar sand; available in Bangladesh. Lateral static loads were applied in the single by a static lateral load set up arrangement. Due to the static lateral load the pile was deflected. The load-displacement response, ultimate resistance of pile has been qualitatively and quantitatively investigated in the experiment. The lateral resistance of pile obtains by experiment and the ultimate lateral load resistances obtained by analytical methods were compared. The load displacement curves are similar and non-linear. Lateral failure at a pile head displacement from 8 to 10, 7 to 9 and 6 to 8mm for single pile of d= 0.013m, 0.019m and 0.026m, respectively. In the case of saturated condition of sand a pile head displacement 15mm for single of d=0.013m. It observed that the failure load was the point at which the curve exhibits a pick or maintains continuous displacement increase with no further increase in lateral resistance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14630 J. Sci. Foundation, 8(1&2): 83-88, June-December 2010
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Ilyash, Olha, Taras Vasyltsiv, Ruslan Lupak, and Volodymyr Get’manskiy. "Models of efficiency of functioning in trading enterprises under conditions of economic growth." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 51, no. 51 (2021): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2021-0001.
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Abstract The socio-economic situation in Ukraine suggests that there is insufficient research into the applicability of the model of economic development in forecasting the economic environment in which trade enterprises function. Researchers into issues relating to the efficiency of enterprises’ functioning focus their interest on comprehensively describing efficiency indicators and determining the factors influencing it. There continues to be insufficient work on measuring efficiency and the extent to which it is limited by types of economic growth (development), based on the theory of marginal product of George Clark and the results of multiple models of production and trade functions (P. Douglas, R. Solow, E. Denison, Harrod, Samuelson-Hicks, Domar and others). Therefore, this study focuses on the process of assessing the effectiveness of trading enterprises in the trade sector in 2010–18 in conditions of economic growth and an economic downturn. This article aims to examine the models of efficient functioning of trading enterprises in conditions of economic growth. It is evidenced that the criterion for measuring efficiency is the evaluation of static and dynamic efficiency of trade activities, which allows changes in the used assets to be taken into account and testifies to the integration of diminishing returns and economic fluctuations in macro and microsystems. The article shows that in order to qualitatively and completely evaluate the efficiency of the functioning of trading enterprises, it is necessary to consider all possible factors. According to Clark's law, the authors substantiate an approach to evaluating performance based on simple one-factor models; the approach evidences that future studies seeking ways to improve efficiency, but that focus on changes in resources, will be erroneous, unjustified, and will most likely reduce the effectiveness of the resource under study. This model will help: determine and forecast the efficiency of enterprises at any point in the economic cycle; provide the necessary information on the required amount of investment, on depreciation rates, and on the optimal amount of labour potential of an enterprise; and define the volume of expected income during economic crisis or recovery. Some applied recommendations in terms of managing the efficiency of trading enterprises are aimed at solving the methodological problem of constructing isoquant maps for a particular product line group and at selecting the optimal predictor for forecasting trade processes. The practical value of the proposed model also lies in improving the parameters of positioning of the enterprise's goods in target market segments, reducing operating costs, accelerating the turnover of inventories and withdrawing illiquid current assets, and increasing the efficiency of retail areas.
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Ramadhani, Fatihatur, Maiyastri ., and Yudiantri Asdi. "PERAMALAN NILAI TUKAR DOLAR SINGAPURA (SGD) TERHADAP DOLAR AMERIKA (USD) DENGAN MODEL ARIMA DAN GARCH." Jurnal Matematika UNAND 6, no. 1 (2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jmu.6.1.110-117.2017.
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Abstrak. Uang memegang peranan penting dalam perekonomian setiap negara. Namunnilai tukar mata uang dapat berubah-ubah dari waktu ke waktu. Naik turunnya nilaitukar uang di pasar uang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kestabilan ekonomi suatu negara.Salah satu cara untuk melihat keadaan ekonomi suatu negara dapat dilakukan denganmemodelkan nilai tukar mata uang negara tersebut. Salah satu model untuk memodelkanrataan adalah model ARIMA. Sedangkan untuk memodelkan besarnya volatilitas menggunakanmodel GARCH. Setelah itu ditentukan nilai resiko kerugian maksimum denganmenggunakan Value at Risk. Pada penelitian ini dianalisis model ARIMA dan GARCHpada data nilai tukar mata uang Dolar Singapura (SGD) terhadap Dolar Amerika (USD).Diperoleh model terbaik adalah ARIMA(0,1,1) dan GARCH(1,1). Berdasarkan estimasiVaR diperoleh bahwa dengan taraf kepercayaan 90% kerugian maksimum yang mungkinakan dialami dengan menginvestasikan uang sebesar US $300.000 adalah sebesar US$2881.977.Kata Kunci: Model ARIMA, Model GARCH, Value at Risk
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Zaretta, Bara, and Lenni Yovita. "HARGA SAHAM, NILAI TUKAR MATA UANG DAN TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA ACUAN DALAM MODEL AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG (ARDL)." Jurnal Penelitan Ekonomi dan Bisnis 4, no. 1 (2019): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/jpeb.v4i1.2318.
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Beberapa penelitian terdahulu telah banyak yang membuktikan adanya pengaruh antara nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap Dolar Amerika dan BI Rateterhadap IHSG. Namun dengan menggunakan pendekatan model Autoregressive Distributed Lag(ARDL) dalam penelitian ini lebih dalam lagi melihat dinamika hubungan jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek untuk variabel nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap Dolar Amerika, BI Ratedan IHSG. Untuk dapat menangkap dinamika tersebut diperlukan seleksi model ARDL terbaik dengan beberapa prosedur pengujian. Periode penelitian dimulai dari Juli 2005 sampai dengan Desember 2017, dimana dalam rentang waktu tersebut banyak terjadi pergolakan global yang memberikan dampak yang cukup besar terhadap Indonesia, salah satunya adalah pelemahan nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap Dolar Amerika. Mekanisme suku bunga acuan beberapa kali juga dipilih oleh Pemerintah Indonesia untuk menghadapi pergerakan nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap Dolar Amerika. Namun sebagaimana nilai tukar dan tingkat suku bunga acuan akan memberikan pengaruh kepada perekonomian secara keseluruhan dan terlebih lagi terhadap pasar modal yang juga merupakan indikator ekonomi suatu negara. Dalam penelitian ini, melalui model ARDL nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap Dolar Amerika, BI Ratedan IHSG terbukti memiliki kointegrasi jangka panjang atau bergerak bersama – sama dalam jangka panjang. Namun tidak hanya jangka panjang, ketiga variabel tersebut juga mempunyai dinamika hubungan jangka pendek yang mempunyai kecepatan penyesuaian menuju keseimbangan yang cukup tinggi perbulannya.Kata kunci : Nilai tukar, BI Rate, IHSG, Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model.
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Ellerman, David. "On some alleged “problems” and alleged “solutions” in democratic firms." Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership 3, no. 2/3 (2020): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpeo-04-2020-0012.
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PurposeThis paper will discuss two problems that have plagued the literature on the Ward-Domar-Vanek labor-managed firm (LMF) model, the perverse supply response problem and the horizon problem. The paper also discusses the solution to the horizon problem and the alleged “solution” of a membership market.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper so it analyzes the two problems and shows how they can be resolved. It also shows how one alleged “solution” (membership market) is based on several conceptual mistakes about the structure of rights in a democratic firm.FindingsThe perverse supply response is based on the assumption that the members of a democratic firm can expel for no cause some members when it would benefit the remaining members. It is shown that the same perverse behavior happens conceptually and historically in a conventional firm under the same assumptions. The horizon problem is resolved by the system of internal capital accounts (ICAs) that has been independently invented at least four times.Research limitations/implicationsThe idea of a democratic firm is quite often dismissed by conventional economists: “At first it seems like a good idea but unfortunately it is plagued by structural problems such as the perverse supply response and the horizon problem.” Hence it is important to see that the first is not a problem under ordinary assumptions and that the second is a solved problem.Practical implicationsThe perverse supply response problem can be reproduced in a conventional firm under similar assumptions, and the horizon problem is real problem for social or common ownership firms but is solved in the Mondragon-type worker cooperatives by the system of ICAs. This has been known and published since the early 1980s, but conventional economists ignore the solution and still cite it as an inherent structure problem of a democratic firm.Originality/valueIt has not been previously shown in the LMF literature that the perverse supply response can be reproduced in a conventional corporation under similar assumptions since the maximand for the conventional firm is not total market value but that value per current shareholder. The solution to the horizon problem using ICAs has long been “known” but never acknowledged in the conventional literature as if it was a necessary feature of workplace democracy. The idea of a membership market is analyzed and criticized.
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Slipchenko, Kseniia Dmitrievna. ""“I HAVE FAITH!” CREDO" FOR DOMRA WITH ORCHESTRA BY A. NIZHNIK AS A NEW GENRE-STYLISTIC MODEL OF DOMRA CONCERTO." European Journal of Arts, no. 3 (2020): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29013/eja-20-3-155-160.
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Dasgupta, Dipankar. "Fixed coefficients, Harrod, Domar and the AK models of growth - Some common misconceptions explored." Indian Growth and Development Review 1, no. 1 (2008): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr.2008.35001aab.001.
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Nurhasanah, Ade Irma, and Soeharjoto Soekapdjo. "DETERMINASI VOLATILITAS KURS RUPIAH TERHADAP DOLAR AMERIKA." JURNAL AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI dan MANAJEMEN BISNIS 7, no. 1 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jaemb.v7i1.1145.
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Purpose of this study is to know about Rupiah exchange rate to US Dollar determination with quarterly time series data, from 2010-2017. Using Error Connection Model (ECM) with regression method, and dependent variable is Rupiah exchange rate to US Dollar, and independent variable is foreign debt, current account balance, and Sertifikat Bank Indonesia (SBI) interest rate. Result shown that at short term, foreign debt and current account were not significant, but SBI interest rate have a positive and significant effect from Rupiah to US Dollar. For long term, all of independent variable have positive and significant to dependent variable.
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Dewi, Aminar Sutra, and Vira Yulia Viska. "MODEL KAUSALITAS ANTARA TINGKAT INFLASI, SUKU BUNGA DAN NILAI KURS DOLLAR AS TERHADAP INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis 15, no. 1 (2018): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/jieb.v15i1.1028.
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Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui secara simultan atau parsial pengaruh tingkat inflasi, tingkat suku bunga dan nilai tukar Dolar AS terhadap indeks harga saham gabungan di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jenis atau penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda menggunakan program eviews. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) variabel tingkat inflasi berpengaruh negatif yang tidak signifikan terhadap indeks harga saham gabungan, 2) variabel tingkat suku bunga berpengaruh negatif terhadap indeks harga saham gabungan, 3) nilai tukar mata uang AS. Efek variabel dolar secara signifikan positif terhadap nilai tukar Dolar AS. Penentuan hasil uji koefisien menunjukkan bahwa ketiga variabel yang digunakan dapat menjelaskan variabel indeks harga saham gabungan 40,86% sedangkan sisanya 59,14% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain di luar model penelitian ini.
 Kata Kunci: Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan, Tingkat Inflasi, Suku Bunga, dan Nilai Tukar Dolar AS
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Arsi, Primandani, and Joko Prayogi. "Optimasi Prediksi NilaiTukar Rupiah Terhadap Dolar Menggunakan Neural Network Berbasiskan Algoritma Genetika." Jurnal Informatika 7, no. 1 (2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31311/ji.v7i1.6793.
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Nilai tukar adalah nilai mata uang sebuah negara yang dinyatakan dalam nilai mata uang negara lain. Sebagai contoh, nilai tukar rupiah (Rp) pada dolar amerika serikat (USD) adalah nilai satu dolar amerika dalam rupiah, begitu juga sebaliknya nilai satu rupiah terhadap dolar amerika. Korelasi nilai tukar ini kaitannya dengan pergadangan internasional dimana etidakpastian nilai tukar menjadi permasalahan yang penting dalam bidang keuangan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah model prediksi guna memprakirakan nilai tukar dimasa depan. Hasil yang akurat dalam prediksi nilai tukar ini sangat bermanfaat bagi pemegang kepentingan dimasa depan. Pada peneltian ini prediksi data nilai tukar rupiah pada dolar dilakukan dengan menggunakan Neural Network berbasis algoritma genetika. Berdasarkan eksperimen yang dilakukan pada data time series nilai tukar rupiah pada dolar periode 1 Januari 2013 sd 30 Agustus 2018 yang berjumlah 1470 record menggunakan metode Neural Network berbasis algoritma Genetika, terbukti bahwa model optimasi tersebut mampu meningkatkan hasil akurasi prediksi yaitu dari 0,010 +/- 0,001 menjadi 0,008 +/- 0,001, terjadi penurunan nilai RMSE sebesar 0,002 yang berarti peningkatan akurasi prediksi.
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Paulus Tahu, Gregorius. "REAKSI PASAR MODAL INDONESIA TERHADAP PELEMAHAN RUPIAH TERHADAP DOLAR AS." WIDYA MANAJEMEN 1, no. 1 (2018): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/widyamanajemen.v1i1.204.
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Melemahnya nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar AS merupakan peristiwa ekonomi yang dapat mempengaruhi kegiatan pasar modal Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan studi tentang peristiwa yang bertujuan untuk menemukan bukti empiris adanya reaksi pasar modal Indonesia terhadap peristiwa pelemahan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar AS pada tanggal 4 september 2018. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua saham yang terdaftar di BEI. Sedangkan sampel diambil melalui teknik purposive sampling dari saham yang termasuk dalam aksi korporasi LQ45 dan tidak melakukan selama periode acara. Uji t sample berpasangan digunakan untuk menganalisis apakah abnormal return dan aktivitas volume perdagangan bernilai signifikan pada hari terjadinya kejadian yang membuktikan adanya reaksi pasar. Hasilnya menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam rata-rata return dan volume perdagangan abnormal baik sebelum dan sesudah aktivitas penurunan Rupiah terhadap Dollar.
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Rohrman, Max, and Peter van der Beek. "Cenozoic postrift domal uplift of North Atlantic margins: An asthenospheric diapirism model." Geology 24, no. 10 (1996): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0901:cpduon>2.3.co;2.
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Volkert, Dorothee, Eva Kiesswetter, Tommy Cederholm, et al. "Development of a Model on Determinants of Malnutrition in Aged Persons: A MaNuEL Project." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 5 (January 2019): 233372141985843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333721419858438.
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In older persons, the origin of malnutrition is often multifactorial with a multitude of factors involved. Presently, a common understanding about potential causes and their mode of action is lacking, and a consensus on the theoretical framework on the etiology of malnutrition does not exist. Within the European Knowledge Hub “Malnutrition in the Elderly (MaNuEL),” a model of “ Determinants of Malnutrition in Aged Persons” (DoMAP) was developed in a multistage consensus process with live meetings and written feedback (modified Delphi process) by a multiprofessional group of 33 experts in geriatric nutrition. DoMAP consists of three triangle-shaped levels with malnutrition in the center, surrounded by the three principal conditions through which malnutrition develops in the innermost level: low intake, high requirements, and impaired nutrient bioavailability. The middle level consists of factors directly causing one of these conditions, and the outermost level contains factors indirectly causing one of the three conditions through the direct factors. The DoMAP model may contribute to a common understanding about the multitude of factors involved in the etiology of malnutrition, and about potential causative mechanisms. It may serve as basis for future research and may also be helpful in clinical routine to identify persons at increased risk of malnutrition.
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Jatipaningrum, Maria Titah, Kris Suryowati, and Libertania Maria Melania Esti Un. "Prediksi Kurs Rupiah Terhadap Dolar Dengan FTS-Markov Chain Dan Hidden Markov Model." Jurnal Derivat: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika 6, no. 1 (2019): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31316/j.derivat.v6i1.334.
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Hidden Markov model is a development of the Markov chain where the state cannot be observed directly (hidden), but can only be observed, a set of other observations and combination of fuzzy logic and Markov chain to predict Rupiah exchange rate against the Dollar. The exchange rate of purchasing and exchange rate of saling is divided into four states, namely down large, down small, small rise, and large rise are symbolized respectively S1, S2, S3, and S4. Probability of sequences of observation for 3 days later is computed by forwarding and Backward Algorithm, determine the hidden state sequence using the viterbi algorithm and estimate the HMM parameters using the Baum Welch algorithm. The MAPE result exchange rate of purchase of FTS-Markov Chain is 1,355% and the exchange rate of sale of FTS-Markov Chain is 1,317%. The sequences of observation which optimized within exchange rate of purchase is X* = {S3,S3,S3}, within exchange rate of sale is also X* = {S3,S3,S3}. Keywords: Exchange rate, FTS-Markov Chain, Hidden Markov Model
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Salcido Oros, Reina Lilia, Lizbeth Salgado Beltrán, and Beatriz Llamas Aréchiga. "Factores influyentes en la disposicio?n a donar en una ONG: una aplicacio?n en Sonora." Revista de Investigación Académica Sin Frontera: División de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, no. 31 (December 31, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46589/rdiasf.v0i31.291.
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 Las Organizaciones No gubernamentales presentan dificultades financieras por la falta de recursos, una opcio?n para captar recursos seria las aportaciones por parte de los grupos de intere?s a trave?s de donaciones. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer los factores que influyen en la disposicio?n a donar a una ONG para lo cual se analizan tres constructos: el posicionamiento, la percepcio?n y la disposicio?n a donar, se efectuo? un ana?lisis factorial confirmatorio para el instrumento de medida y se llevo? a cabo una investigacio?n de tipo causal SEM (modelo de ecuaciones estructurales) para confirmar el modelo propuesto. En los resultados se comprobo? que la percepcio?n que tuvieron los donantes de la ONG y el posicionamiento que esta tiene influye significativa y positivamente en la disposicio?n a donar. El modelo se recomienda para ayudar a las ONG en la captacio?n de recursos a trave?s de donaciones.
 
 
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Eviyanti, Cut Yuniza, Lia Rista, and Siti Hadijah. "Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Investigasi Kelompok Melalui Media Domino Matematika untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa." Jurnal Cendekia : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 4, no. 2 (2020): 999–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/cendekia.v4i2.336.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran investigasi kelompok melalui media domino matematika (domat) lebih baik dibandingkan peningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa melalui penerapan pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain randomized control group pretest-postest. Sampel penelitian ditentukan dengan teknik acak yang menjadi kelas eksperimen (IXA) dan kelas kontrol (IXB). Hasil pengujian data N-Gain kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa menunjukkan bahwa data berdistribusi normal dan homogen, sehingga dapat dianalisis dengan statistik uji-t satu pihak pada taraf signifikan α = 0.05. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data terhadap N-Gain skor kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa diperoleh t Hitung= 4.05 dan t Tabel =1.71 atau yaitu 4.05>1.71, hal ini berarti H0 ditolak, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa yang mendapat penerapan dengan model pembelajaran investigasi kelompok melalui media domat lebih baik dari siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional pada materi bilangan berpangkat dan bentuk akar.
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Nababan, Tri Yani Elisabeth, Budi Warsito, and Agus Rusgiyono. "PEMODELAN WAVELET NEURAL NETWORK UNTUK PREDIKSI NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH TERHADAP DOLAR AS." Jurnal Gaussian 9, no. 2 (2020): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/j.gauss.v9i2.27823.
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Each country has its own currency that is used as a tool of exchange rate valid in the transaction process. In the process of transaction between countries often experience problems in terms of payment because of the difference in the value of money prevailing in each country. The price movement of the exchange rate or the value of foreign currencies that fluctuate from time to time it encouraged predictions of the value of the rupiah exchange rate against the U.S. dollar. Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) is a combination of methods between wavelet transforms and Neural networks. WNN modeling begins with wavelet decomposition resulting in wavelet coefficients and scale coefficients. Selection of inputs is based on PACF plots and divides into training data and testing data. To determine the final output by calculating the value of MAPE in data testing. The best architecture on WNN model for prediction of the value of the rupiah exchange rate against the U.S. dollar is a model with sigmoid logistic activation function, 2 neurons in the input layer, 10 neurons in the hidden layer, and 1 neuron in the output layer. The MAPE value is obtained at 0.2221%.
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Ryan, First, and Wijanarto Wijanarto. "ANALISIS DAN IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PERAMALAN BERBASIS ALGORITMA MOVING AVARAGE UNTUK NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH TERHADAP DOLAR." Simetris: Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Elektro dan Ilmu Komputer 9, no. 1 (2018): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/simet.v9i1.1997.
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Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kuatnya ekonomi suatu negara adalah nilai tukar mata uang (kurs). Pada beberapa kasus yang terjadi di negara maju seperti Eropa atau Amerika, nilai tukar mata uang merupakan bagian yang sangat vital, hingga berpengaruh menghambat perdagangan internasional. Tidak terkecuali di Indonesia, yang menganut sistem pasar penuh/bebas (free floating system) dimana nilai tukar rupiah terhadap mata uang asing khususnya dolar (USD) ditentukan oleh pasar mekanisme global. Kebijakan pemerintah dalam menguatkan nilai tukar rupiah perlu dilakukan mengingat dalam 10 tahun terakhir mengalami kemunduran dari titik 9.087 di tahun 2010 menuju titik 11.900 di awal tahun 2015, sehingga kedepan perlu dilakukan perencanaan fiskal yang fokus, teliti dan tepat. Paper ini berusaha mengimplementasikan model regresi linier berbasis algoritma moving average yang didasarkan pada variasi musiman (seasonal movement) yang didekomposisikan untuk nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar dalam bentuk aplikasi. Analisis dan visualisasi model dilakukan dengan bahasa pemrograman R, sementara aplikasi dibangun berbasis web dengan php. Data historis diperoleh dari situs Bank Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 2011 - 2017. Berdasarkan analisa dan hasil penelitian terhadap model yang diimplementasikan, didapatkan pengukuran tingkat akurasi dengan RMSE, MAE dan MAPE diperoleh masing-masing sebesar 114.0173, 57.69148 dan 0.64766, dari ketiga hasil evaluasi menunjukan bahwa mempunyai sedikit selisih antara data asli dengan hasil peramalannya. Sementara aplikasi dapat berjalan sempurna dan menghasilkan komputasi peramalan yang sesuai dengan model yang dipilih.Kata kunci: analisis, peramalan, model, moving average.
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Anggraini, Wresni. "Analisis Model Multiple Regression untuk Prediksi Nilai Kurs Rupiah Terhadap Dolar Amerika Berdasarkan Studi Makroekonomi." Jurnal Teknik Industri: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Karya Ilmiah dalam Bidang Teknik Industri 3, no. 1 (2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jti.v3i1.5558.
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Upaya indonesia untuk meningkatkan sektor industri terganjal dengan bahan baku, dimana 64% bahan baku diperoleh secara impor. Hal ini merugikan pelaku industri yang dalam transaksi impor menggunakan dolar. Untuk menghindari kerugian tersebut dibuatlah model untuk memprediksi nilai kurs pada periode berikutnya untuk menentukan waktu yang tepat untuk membeli bahan baku menggunakan model multiple regression dengan basis data Oktober 2015 sampai Juli 2016. Variabel inflasi, suku bunga, ekspor, impor dan pendapatan negara digunakan sebagai input untuk membangun model multiple regression. Dari input tersebut didapatkan model y = Y = 10.069,111 + 252,064 x Inflasi + 571,387 x Suku Bunga - 0,140 x Ekspor – 0,059 x Impor + 0,002 x Pendapatan Negara dengan nilai MAD 66,96 dan MAPE 0,005. Dari model tersebut pada bulan agustus didapatkan nilai Rp 13.382,07 per 1 US$, bulan september sebesar Rp 13.228,97 dan bulan oktober sebesar Rp 13.410,94 per 1 US$. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pelaku industri yang mendapatkan bahan baku dengan impor.
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Braun, Jean, Cédric Thieulot, Philippe Fullsack, Marthijn DeKool, Christopher Beaumont, and Ritske Huismans. "DOUAR: A new three-dimensional creeping flow numerical model for the solution of geological problems." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 171, no. 1-4 (2008): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2008.05.003.
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Rahayu, Siti Aisyah Tri. "PENDEKATAN KESEIMBANGAN JANGKA PANJANG NILAITUKAR MATA UANG RUPIAH TERHADAP DOLAR AMERIKA (1973-1997)." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 5, no. 2 (2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v5i2.4036.
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The aims of this paper is to test Purchasing Power Parity for Indonesian currency to US dollar. The analysis used in this article is the long run equilibrium with cointegrated test approach.The result show that almost all variable in this model are stasionair in the first degree, but both variable s and p not cointegrated for the absolut PPP. The estimated result show that Pj=l hypothesis is not hold during 1974.4 -1998.3 period. In the other hand, cointegrated test for the variable dst and dpt in the relative PPP is cointegrated and the estimation result show that the Relative PPP and the Cochrane-orcutt model PPP is hold for Indonesia, except for the period when Indonesia had fixed exchange rates during 1974.4 -1986.3 period.
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Pereira, Jefferson Rodrigues, Caissa Veloso e. Sousa, Eliane Bragança de Matos, José Edson Lara, and Carlos Rufín. "Fatores influenciadores da intenção de doar sangue: proposição de um modelo exploratório." Revista de Administração da UFSM 13, no. 4 (2020): 728–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1983465928142.
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Purpose – Identify the main factors that significantly influence individuals living in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte / MG to donate blood.Design/methodology/approach – Methodologically, it was decided to develop a quantitative research, developed in the light of structural equation modeling, allowing the development of an exploratory behavioral model about the intention to donate blood.Findings – As main results, it was identified that the 'attitude towards screening' contributes significantly to the 'perception of safety' that the individual has about the process of blood donation.Research limitations/implications – Difficulty of access to the main hemotherapy center in the state, Minas Gerais Blood Bank Foundation (HEMOMINAS), a fact that prevented access to up-to-date data on the region's blood donation scenario.Practical implications – The indicators that are directly related to the practice of blood donation obtained statistically significant mean differences between the group of individuals who already donated blood and those who never donated, the former being more sensitive to calls for donation.Originality/value – There is a deepening of the knowledge of the variables that influence the individual who voluntarily performs an act such as blood donation. In this sense, this study provides inputs for the development of more assertive, efficient and effective blood donation public policies, contributing to the recovery of blood banks and raising the rate of donors in the country.
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Espinosa Porras, Rodrigo. "Modelación econométrica de la eco-eficiencia en las empresas eléctricas de costa rica utilizando smart grid." Revista Fidélitas Volumen 2 Número 2 2020 1, no. 2 (2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46450/revista_fidelitas.v1i2.22.
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La eco-eficiencia expresa la eficiencia con la cual los recursos ecológicos se utilizan para satisfacer las necesidades humanas. Se considera como el promedio de un output dividido por un input; el primero es el valor de los productos y servicios producidos por una empresa, sector, o economía en su conjunto, y el segundo, la suma de las presiones ambientales generadas por la empresa, sector, o economía. La eco-eficiencia se mide dependiendo de la tipificación de indicadores de inputs y outputs, para ello se estableció una modelación econométrica, basada en la teoría macroeconómica de Harrod-Domar, que expresa las condiciones indispensables en una economía capitalista o de mercado, para generar el volumen de demanda global necesario y, así, permitir el desarrollo sostenido y equilibrado, sin abandonar el sistema keynesiano. Este modelo considera la capacidad productiva como una variable a lo largo del tiempo y establece que un diferencial de inversión es igual al diferencial del ahorro. En este artículo, se estudia el comportamiento del modelo de Harrod-Domar para determinar una ecuación econométrica básica que, proporcione una mejora en la curva de eco-eficiencia aplicada a las empresas eléctricas de Costa Rica. La curva de la mejora en tecnología ambiental pretende demostrar teóricamente que existe un crecimiento económico, al obtener una disminución del porcentaje de gastos u outputs en contra del ambiente, con la implementación de tecnologías de smart grid.
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Espinosa Porras, Rodrigo. "Modelación econométrica de la eco-eficiencia en las empresas eléctricas de costa rica utilizando smart grid." Revista Fidélitas Volumen 2 Número 2 2020 2, no. 2 (2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46450/revista_fidelitas.v2i1.22.
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La eco-eficiencia expresa la eficiencia con la cual los recursos ecológicos se utilizan para satisfacer las necesidades humanas. Se considera como el promedio de un output dividido por un input; el primero es el valor de los productos y servicios producidos por una empresa, sector, o economía en su conjunto, y el segundo, la suma de las presiones ambientales generadas por la empresa, sector, o economía. La eco-eficiencia se mide dependiendo de la tipificación de indicadores de inputs y outputs, para ello se estableció una modelación econométrica, basada en la teoría macroeconómica de Harrod-Domar, que expresa las condiciones indispensables en una economía capitalista o de mercado, para generar el volumen de demanda global necesario y, así, permitir el desarrollo sostenido y equilibrado, sin abandonar el sistema keynesiano. Este modelo considera la capacidad productiva como una variable a lo largo del tiempo y establece que un diferencial de inversión es igual al diferencial del ahorro. En este artículo, se estudia el comportamiento del modelo de Harrod-Domar para determinar una ecuación econométrica básica que, proporcione una mejora en la curva de eco-eficiencia aplicada a las empresas eléctricas de Costa Rica. La curva de la mejora en tecnología ambiental pretende demostrar teóricamente que existe un crecimiento económico, al obtener una disminución del porcentaje de gastos u outputs en contra del ambiente, con la implementación de tecnologías de smart grid.
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Rahakbauw, Dorteus L. "ANALISIS JARINGAN SARAF TIRUAN BACKPROPAGATION TERHADAP PERAMALAN NILAI TUKAR MATA UANG RUPIAH DAN DOLAR." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 8, no. 2 (2014): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol8iss2pp27-32.
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Kurs atau nilai tukar mata uang. Jenis kurs ada tiga macam, yaitu kurs jual, kurs beli, dan kurs tengah. Kurs dibutuhkan untuk menentukan sesuatu yang perlu dilakukan yang berkaitan dengan kurs itu misalnya keputusan investasi jangka pendek, keputusan penganggaran modal, keputusan pembiayaan jangka panjang, dan penilaian laba. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan upaya untuk memprediksi besarnya kurs untuk beberapa waktu ke depan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah cara untuk memprediksi besarnya kurs yang menghasilkan nilai prediksi dengan tingkat kesalahan yang minimal. Peramalan merupakan suatu proses untuk memprediksi kejadian ataupun perubahan di masa yang akan datang. Dalam suatu proses kegiatan, proses peramalan ini merupakan awal dari suatu rangkaian kegiatan, dan sebagai titik tolak kegiatan berikutnya. Pemodelan time series seringkali dikaitkan dengan proses peramalan (forecasting) suatu nilai karakteristik tertentu pada periode kedepan, melakukan pengendalian suatu proses ataupun untuk mengenali pola perilaku sistem. Dengan mendeteksi pola dan kecenderungan data, kemudian memformulasikannya dalam suatu model, maka dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi data yang akan datang. Model dengan akurasi yang tinggi akan menyebabkan nilai prediksi cukup valid untuk digunakan sebagai pendukung dalam proses pengambilan keputusan.Salah satu metode peramalan yang berkembang saat ini adalah menggunakan Artificial Neural Network (ANN), dimana ANN telah menjadi objek penelitian yang menarik dan banyak digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah pada beberapa bidang kehidupan, salah satu diantaranya adalah untuk analisis data time series pada masalah Forecasting (Loh, 2003). Salah satu jaringan yang sering digunakan untuk prediksi data time series adalah Backpropagation neuron network. Dalam penelitan ini akan dibahas mengenai penggunaan jaringan saraf tiruan backpropagation untuk memprediksi kurs jual Rupiah (Rp) per 1 dolar amerika (USD). Dalam penelitian ini akan dibagi sebanyak 70% dari data yang ada sebagai pelatihan dan 30% dari data sebagai data pengujian. Dan dalam penelitian ini digunakan data kurs bulan Oktober 2013-Januari 2014, yang diambil dari situs Bank Indonesia. Dalam proses penelitian diperoleh Learning rate yang digunakan untuk data harian adalah 0.5, proses epoch berhenti pada iterasi ke-27088 untuk data harian, dengan pencapaian gradient sebesar 0,0081822 dan nilai R untuk pelatihan data sebesar 0,99494 yang berarti sangat baik. Selanjutnya data di uji dan memperoleh R sebesar 0,48638 yang berarti masih dikatakan baik untuk mempediksi data uji. Beberapa hal yang mempengaruhi hasil penelitian juga seperti data histories yang digunakan untuk variable masukkan JST kurang banyak, data yang digunakan untuk memprediksi kurs tidak bisa mewakili sebagai faktor utama yang mempengaruhi nilai kurs, dan batas nilai kesalahan yang kurang kecil serta kesesuaian bobot dalam arsitektur jaringan.
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Sinay, Lexy J. "PENDEKATAN VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL UNTUK ANALISIS HUBUNGAN INFLASI, BI RATE DAN KURS DOLAR AMERIKA SERIKAT." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 8, no. 2 (2014): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol8iss2pp9-18.
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Pengendalian terhadap tingkat inflasi, BI rate dan nilai tukar dolar Amerika Serikat terhadap rupiah merupakan hal yang paling penting demi terciptanya stabilitas moneter dan perekonomian di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan hubungan antara tingkat inflasi, BI rate, dan nilai tukar USD terhadap IDR, kemudian menganalisis model tersebut, dan memberikan peramalan dan analisis struktural dari model tersebut. Oleh karena itu, metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis Vector Error Correction Model yang diterapkan pada data time series dari tingkat inflasi (𝑿), BI rate (𝒀), dan nilai tukar USD terhadap IDR (𝒁). Berdasarkan spesifikasi, estimasi dan pemeriksaan model, maka diperoleh model 𝑽𝑬𝑪𝑴(𝟓) sebagai model terbaik. Hasil analisis model mengatakan bahwa ada hubungan kausalitas jangka panjang dan jangka pendek antara tingkat inflasi dengan BI rate dan nilai tukar USD terhadap IDR. Kemudian, berdasarkan peramalan dan analisis struktural maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil yang diperoleh akurat.
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Baca-Moreno, Carolina, Emma Rosa Vargas D., Liliana Galicia R., Enrique Villarreal R., and Lidia Martínez G. "Factores asociados a la aceptación de donar órganos entre la población de querétaro." Revista Colombiana de Enfermería 11, no. 12 (2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18270/rce.v11i12.1684.
Full textAbstract:
La presente investigación busca determinar los factores asociados a la aceptación de donar órganos entre la población de Querétaro. Se realizó un estudio transversal comparativo en población ubicada en iglesias, parques recreativos, lugares de trabajo, zona comercial y agrupaciones sociales de la ciudad de Querétaro, México. Se integraron dos grupos: con y sin aceptación de donar órganos, conformados por personas de 18 años o mayores, previo consentimiento informado. El tamaño de la muestra (n=117 personas por grupo) se calculó mediante la fórmula de porcentajes para dos poblaciones con un nivel de confianza del 95%; se seleccionó a la población con la técnica muestral no aleatoria por cuota. Para analizar el fenómeno, se establecieron las siguientes variables: características sociodemográficas, y factores económicos, sociales, culturales y psicológicos. El análisis estadístico incluyó promedios, desviación estándar, porcentajes, prueba de chi cuadrado, razón de momios, IC 95%, modelo y proyección. De acuerdo con los resultados, los factores psicológicos asociados a la aceptación de donar de órganos fueron servir a una persona (RM=13,94; IC 95%; 1,86-104,19), satisfacción de ayudar (RM=7,39; IC 95%; 2,95-18,55) y alegría de que otra persona viva con algo mío (RM=4,61; IC 95%; 1,36-15,62). Se concluye que los factores psicosociales se asocian a la aceptación de donar órganos. El miedo en general y el miedo a una muerte prematura se asocian a la no aceptación de donar órganos.
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Rairán Antolines, José Danilo. "Definición de un controlador basado en emociones para sistemas dinámicos." Revista Tecnura 16, no. 33 (2012): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.tecnura.2012.3.a01.
Full textAbstract:
Una cantidad enorme de propuestas han sido probadas, desde la inteligencia artificial, para dotar a las máquinas con la habilidad de hacer planes sin guía humana. En este artículo se sugieren emociones emuladas para dotar a las máquinas con una capacidad semejante a la de los humanos con respecto a tomar decisiones. El modelo es probado con sistemas dinámicos. Los estados emocionales son definidos de acuerdo con la diferencia entre un modelo de referencia y las trayectorias del sistema. Por ejemplo, calma se define como el estado emocional ideal, esto es, cuando las trayectorias del sistema y del modelo de referencia coinciden. Finalmente, una arquitectura básica para esta clase de controladores basados en emociones es presentada con algunos resultados experimentales que ilustran su uso
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Sidiq, Hidayatullah, and Faisol Mukarrom. "PENILAIAN KELAYAKAN EKONOMI INVESTASI PERALATAN TAMBANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE INCREMENTAL COST (STUDI KASUS: EXCAVATOR DOOSAN DX 340 LC-5)." KURVATEK 4, no. 1 (2019): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33579/krvtk.v4i1.1118.
Full textAbstract:
Penambangan merupakan kegiatan padat modal, salah satunya pertimbangan investasi dalam kepemilikan peralatan penambangan. Dalam menentukan kapan harus melakukan investasi peralatan juga harus dipertimbangkan. Alternatif pertimbangan penilaian kelayakan ekonomi dalam investasi terdapat beberapa metode, diantaranya adalah metode average cost dan incremental cost. Analisa kelayakan dimulai dengan membuat model life cycle cost excavator Doosan DX 340 LC-5 untuk mengetahui performa biaya yang ditimbulkan akibat penggunaan alat tersebut. Model life cycle cost dimulai dari data tahun 2012 sampai dengan tahun 2018. Biaya dan harga menggunakan dolar ($), dengan konversi dari rupiah ke dolar adalah Rp. 14.000,-. Harga rental alat excavator Doosan DX 340 LC-5 saat pengambilan data ini adalah $ 25,36/ jam. Harga solar industry yang digunakan adalah $ 0,75/Lt, dan gaji operator sebesar $ 1,75/jam. Dari hasil Analisa penggunaan excavator Doosan 340 DX LC5 saat ini tidak layak jika diteruskan hingga tahun proyek selesai. Untuk melanjutkan sisa proyek tersebut akan lebih baik jika mendatangkan excavator Doosan 340 unit baru dengan metode sewa walaupun harga sewa lebih mahal dari saat ini, tetapi dengan PA unit yang baik maka average unit cost akan lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan tetap menggunakan alat yang lama. Alternatif mendatangkan unit dengan cara membeli alat tidak direkomendasikan karena dilihat dari analisis incremental cost pada cash flow terlihat NPV dan ROR yang lebih kecil sehingga tidak layak secara ekonomi.
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Wigati, Ekky Rosita Singgih, Budi Warsito, and Rita Rahmawati. "PEMODELAN JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN DENGAN CASCADE FORWARD BACKPROPAGATION PADA KURS RUPIAH TERHADAP DOLAR AMERIKA SERIKAT." Jurnal Gaussian 7, no. 1 (2018): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/j.gauss.v7i1.26636.
Full textAbstract:
Neural Network Modeling (NN) is an information-processing system that has characteristics in common with human brain. Cascade Forward Neural Network (CFNN) is an artificial neural network that its architecture similar to Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), but there is also a direct connection from input layer and output layer. In this study, we apply CFNN in time series field. The data used isexchange rate of rupiah against US dollar period of January 1st, 2015 until December 31st, 2017. The best model was built from 1 unit input layer with input Zt-1, 4 neurons in the hidden layer, and 1 unit output layer. The activation function used are the binary sigmoid in the hidden layer and linear in the output layer. The model produces MAPE of training data equal to 0.2995% and MAPE of testing data equal to 0.1504%. After obtaining the best model, the data is foreseen for January 2018 and produce MAPE equal to0.9801%. Keywords: artificial neural network, cascade forward, exchange rate, MAPE
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Tama, Degika Widya, Maiyastri ., and Yudiantri Asdi. "PERBANDINGAN INVESTASI PADA MATA UANG DOLAR AMERIKA (USD) DAN YEN JEPANG (JPY) DENGAN MODEL ARIMA DAN GARCH." Jurnal Matematika UNAND 6, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jmu.6.1.1-8.2017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstrak. Nilai tukar mata uang merupakan hal penting yang harus diperhatikan seseorangapabila akan melakukan investasi. Namun pada kenyataannya nilai tukar matauang cenderung berubah-ubah dari waktu ke waktu. Naik turunnya nilai tukar matauang menunjukkan besarnya volatilitas. Data nilai tukar mata uang dapat dimodelkandengan pemodelan deret waktu. Salah satu model yang sering digunakan yaitu modelARIMA. Untuk memodelkan tingkat volatilitas digunakan model GARCH, kemudiandilakukan perhitungan untuk menentukan resiko kerugian maksimum dengan metodeValue at Risk. Pada penelitian ini data nilai tukar/kurs yang digunakan adalah kursDolar Amerika (USD) dan Yen Jepang (JPY) terhadap Rupiah. Dari hasil penelitiandiperoleh bahwa model ARIMA terbaik untuk kurs USD yaitu ARIMA (0,1,1) danARIMA terbaik untuk kurs JPY adalah ARIMA (2,1,2). Dengan model ARIMA terbaikdiperoleh nilai peramalan untuk masing-masing kurs, dimana peramalan yang terbesaruntuk data sebenarnya adalah kurs USD. Untuk pemodelan volatilitas dengan modelGARCH dengan menggunakan data return diperoleh model terbaik untuk kurs USDyaitu GARCH (2,1) dan GARCH (1,1) untuk kurs JPY. Dari model GARCH terbaikdiperoleh ramalan return dan volatilitas yang akan digunakan dalam perhitungan Valueat Risk. Dari pehitungan Value at Risk diperoleh resiko terkecil adalah mata uang USD.Sehingga investasi terbaik dilakukan pada mata uang Dolar Amerika (USD).Kata Kunci: Nilai tukar, ARIMA, return, GARCH, volatilitas, Value at Risk