Journal articles: 'Domestic goat'

1

Memisi, N., F. Bauman, S. Stojanovic, B. Pavlov, and S. Jovanovic. "Production characteristics of domestic Balkan goats." Animal Genetic Resources Information 35 (April 2004): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900001838.

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SummaryThe paper presents milk production results in a domestic Balkan goat breed reared in the north-western region of the Sharplanina massif. A characteristic of the domestic Balkan goat is that it is reared under poor conditions where other domestic animals can not find enough food to survive. These goats have a strong constitution, are robust and resistent to contagious and parasitic diseases, tolerant to hot, arid climate, and have modest nutritional requirements. The entire body (except the nose, hoofs, and lower portion of the tail) is covered by hair. Hair color varies. Most often it is reddish or gray, but can also be black, as well as chestnut, brown, patchy, and seldom, white. Body size increases with age, due to the fact that the domestic Balkan goat matures late, reaching full size at about 4 years of age. Mean values for height at withers and body length in mature goats were 66 and 70 cm, respectively. Lactation duration was 238 days, total milk production 178 kg per lactation, milk fat 3.68%. An average of 1.2 kids are obtained per goat annualy. Poor fertility of the domestic Balkan goat is caused by numerous reasons, mainly poor nutrition.

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Escós, J., C. L. Alados, and J. Boza. "Leadership in a domestic goat herd." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 38, no. 1 (October 1993): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(93)90040-v.

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Williams, A. Olufemi, J. Mutinga, and M. Rodgers. "Leishmaniasis in a domestic goat in Kenya." Molecular and Cellular Probes 5, no. 5 (October 1991): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0890-8508(06)80002-2.

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Gregorie, J. C., K. W. McMillin, J. N. Maynard, and M. A. Persica. "Quality Differences in Fresh Domestic, Frozen Domestic, and Frozen Imported Goat Meat." Meat and Muscle Biology 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22175/rmc2016.064.

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Sondgeroth, Kerry S., Margaret A. Davis, Sara L. Schlee, Andy J. Allen, James F. Evermann, Terry F. McElwain, and Tim V. Baszler. "Seroprevalence ofCoxiella burnetiiin Washington State Domestic Goat Herds." Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 13, no. 11 (November 2013): 779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2013.1331.

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Lickliter, Robert E. "Behavior associated with parturition in the domestic goat." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 13, no. 4 (March 1985): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(85)90013-9.

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SAKAKIBARA, Michiko, Chie SHIMIZU, Koichi KADOTA, and Shinichi HATAMA. "Pneumocystis carinii Infection in a Domestic Goat (Capra hircus domesticus) with Multibacillary Paratuberculosis." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 75, no. 5 (2013): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.12-0465.

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Alonge, D. O. "THE COCCIDIAN SPECIES PARASITIZING THE DOMESTIC GOAT IN NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 4, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v4i2.2296.

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Nine fully recognized and described species of coccidia in goats and also one species not previously described are identified. Size shape, colour, sporulation time, morphology of unsporulated oocysts were the criteria for species identification 30 out of 36 faecal sample were positive form single or mixed infections with 3 samples being pure infections of single species. The unidentified species has a low occurrence and probably is not of importance in clinical coccidiosis in goats. The sporulation time for different species is found to be directly related to the size of the oocysts. As most species sporulate within 48 hours, daily removal of faecal materials form goat pens is recommended

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Memisi, N., M. Zujovic, V. Bogdanovic, and M. P. Petrovic. "Correlation analysis of production traits of domestic Balkan goat." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 24, no. 3-4 (2008): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0804049m.

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The paper presents results of investigations of the domestic Balkan goat reared in the Sharplanina mountainous region pertaining to phenotypic correlations between the most important production traits (milk production traits for 578 goats), and growth traits of kids (for 710 kids in the suckling period). Research was done in herds of Balkan goats belonging to private farmers, during a two-year period. Simple correlation between mentioned traits were calculated using a PC and the LSMLMW program (Harvey, 1990). Data pertaining to correlation coefficients established between investigated milk production traits of the domestic Balkan goat, reflect existing correlations, which in most cases, were positive and statistically significant (P<0,01). Very strong correlations were established between the 1st and 2nd milk production control, as well as between the daily milk yield and the 2nd milk production control (0.796), as well as the total milk yield (0.870). Established coefficient were also statistically significant (P<0,01). Correlation between birth weight and the weight at specific ages (30, 60 and 90 days) were strong and very strong, while correlations between birth weight and average daily weight gain established by individual months (0.526, 0.553 and 0.384) varied between weak and strong, with an established weakening of correlations with advancing age.

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Khairo, S. A., R. B. Hacker, T. L. Atkinson, and G. L. Turnbull. "Alternative strategies for management of feral goats: implications for natural resource management policies in New South Wales rangelands." Rangeland Journal 35, no. 2 (2013): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj13020.

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Feral goats (Capra hircus) are increasing in abundance and distribution in the semi-arid and arid rangelands of New South Wales, and elsewhere in the southern rangelands. They present a conundrum for natural resource managers and policy-makers as they can be both an agricultural and environmental pest and an economic resource for landholders. This paper presents an economic analysis of a range of alternative approaches to feral goat management and assesses their implications for natural resource management policies. ‘Opportunistic harvesting’ and ‘value-added’ strategies (the latter involving use of a paddock to increase the liveweight of feral goats before slaughter for meat) returned positive net benefits to landholders, whereas the strategy of ‘no management’ resulted in a negative net benefit if the overall stocking rate was held constant. The erection of goat-proof boundary fencing to enhance production from domestic livestock generated negative net benefits unless increases in stocking rates of domestic livestock could be achieved within the exclusion fencing through improved grazing management. The use of goat-proof fencing to establish an individual paddock for domestic livestock production returned positive net benefit for landholders but also required increases in domestic stocking rate to be competitive with the best feral goat harvesting strategy. The ‘opportunistic harvesting’ and ‘value added’ strategies are thus likely to be adopted by producers without financial incentive and could result in positive resource conservation outcomes if goat prices encourage harvesting. The ‘no management’ strategy will most likely promote resource degradation and should be discouraged. Strategies involving goat-proof fencing are likely to provide positive net benefits for landholders and achieve positive natural resource outcomes if associated with improved grazing management, and reduced density of feral goats outside the exclusion fencing. It is concluded that resource conservation benefits of feral goat control strategies may be positive, negative, or neutral depending on the management strategy adopted, the extent of goat-proof fencing, and the price of meat from feral goats. It is, therefore, difficult to rely on the commercial harvesting of feral goats to achieve resource conservation objectives. Public funds could be better used to support education and training in grazing management and provide incentives for achievement of measurable natural resource outcomes than to support infrastructure establishment for the harvesting of feral goats on private properties.

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11

Borodin, Pavel M., Sen-ichi Oda, and Minoru Inouye. "Analysis of Synaptonemal Complexes Behaviour in the Domestic Goat." CYTOLOGIA 60, no. 3 (1995): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.60.307.

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12

Memisi, N., M. Zujovic, Z. Tomic, and M. P. Petrovic. "Slaughter results for kids of the domestic Balkan goat." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 25, no. 1-2 (2009): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0902125m.

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The paper presents the investigation of slaugher results, i.e. meat production results, in 96 kids of the domestic Balkan goat (4 herds, 24 animals per herd, 50:50 sex ratio), slaughtered at 90 days of age to determine the differences between the herds investigated and sexes (male kids vs. female ones), pertaining to the quantitative characteristics of meat. The average warm carcass dressing percentage including the head and offal for kids from all the herds investigated was 58.19%. The differences established for dressing percentage, warm, cold, and cold with and without head and offal, between the herds investigated and sexes were not statistically significant (P>0,05). Established differences between linear measurements for kid carcass halves, were statistically significant (P<0,01) between herds, whereas pertaining to the sex of kids, they were significant on both levels((P<0,01and P<0,05). .

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13

Schwartz, John C., Rebecca L. Philp, Derek M. Bickhart, Timothy P. L. Smith, and John A. Hammond. "The antibody loci of the domestic goat (Capra hircus)." Immunogenetics 70, no. 5 (October 23, 2017): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-017-1033-3.

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14

Lickliter, Robert E. "Activity patterns and companion preferences of domestic goat kids." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 19, no. 1-2 (December 1987): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(87)90210-3.

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15

Dugan, Vivien G., Susan E. Little, David E. Stallknecht, and Ashley D. Beall. "Natural Infection of Domestic Goats with Ehrlichia chaffeensis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 1 (January 2000): 448–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.1.448-449.2000.

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ABSTRACT Thirty-eight domestic goats from an area of Ehrlichia chaffeensis endemicity were tested for antibodies reactive to E. chaffeensis and for E. chaffeensis -specific 16S rRNA gene fragments by an indirect fluorescent antibody test and a nested PCR assay, respectively. Twenty-eight of 38 (73.7%) goats had antibodies reactive to E. chaffeensis (≥1:128), and 6 of 38 (15.8%) goats were positive by diagnostic PCR; E. chaffeensis was isolated in cell culture from one goat. Our data indicate that goats in areas of endemicity are naturally exposed to and infected with E. chaffeensis.

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Bawm, Saw, Wint Yi Maung, Myat Yee Win, May June Thu, Hla Myet Chel, Tin Aye Khaing, Soe Soe Wai, et al. "Serological Survey and Factors Associated withToxoplasma gondiiInfection in Domestic Goats in Myanmar." Scientifica 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4794318.

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Goat farming is important for the livelihood of millions of rural people because it contributes to food security and creation of assets. However, infection of goats withToxoplasma gondiicould be a source of parasite transmission to humans. The information onT. gondiiinfection of goat was not reported yet in Myanmar. A total of 119 goat serum samples were collected from three cities in the central region of Myanmar forT. gondiiantibody survey. With the occurrence value obtained in this first study, a second one, more complete, with larger number (162) of animals and properties, was carried out and the risk factors and prevalence were determined. In both studies the samples were analyzed by the LAT. Of these, 32 (11.4%) samples were showed to be positive. The infection was associated with the presence of cats at the farm (odds ratio [OR] = 4.66, 95% confidential interval [CI] = 1.03–21.06), farming with different animal species (sheep, cattle, and pigs) (OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 1.57–11.94), and farming without good management practices (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.06–0.83). This is the firstT. gondiiprevalence study in goats in the country.

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Zujovic, Miroslav, Zorica Tomic, M. P. Petrovic, Dragana Ruzic-Muslic, and LJ Stojanovic. "Quality of milk from Serbian white goat in first lactation." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 22, no. 5-6 (2006): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0606063z.

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Goat milk is biologically highly valuable protein food intended for nutrition of offspring and as raw material for preparation of different dairy products. Therefore, in our opinion, it was justified from zoo technical, genetical and economical aspect to direct our attention towards Serbian white diary goat and study basic traits of this breed. Based on our previous investigations of traits of Domestic white goat we have established that this was a domestic population of expressed hereditary milk traits and good quality of milk. This lead to more detailed study of the quality of milk obtained from the genotype called Serbian white goat in first lactation, created based on Domestic white goat, especially since there is great interest in breeding of this specific genotype on the territory of Serbia and also abroad. Based on performed investigations and established results it can be concluded that Serbian white goat belongs to the dairy goat type and is our best goat population. Regarding the quality of analyzed milk, in general it is of medium quality, however, the percentage of fat, proteins and lactose is very high, which is very important for dairy industry and further processing of milk into high quality goat cheeses which appear on our markets in very small quantities. Processing of goat milk into high quality cheese types is now performed in small number of mini dairy plants.

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Fournié, Guillaume, Dirk U. Pfeiffer, and Robin Bendrey. "Early animal farming and zoonotic disease dynamics: modelling brucellosis transmission in Neolithic goat populations." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 2 (February 2017): 160943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160943.

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Zoonotic pathogens are frequently hypothesized as emerging with the origins of farming, but evidence of this is elusive in the archaeological records. To explore the potential impact of animal domestication on zoonotic disease dynamics and human infection risk, we developed a model simulating the transmission of Brucella melitensis within early domestic goat populations. The model was informed by archaeological data describing goat populations in Neolithic settlements in the Fertile Crescent, and used to assess the potential of these populations to sustain the circulation of Brucella . Results show that the pathogen could have been sustained even at low levels of transmission within these domestic goat populations. This resulted from the creation of dense populations and major changes in demographic characteristics. The selective harvesting of young male goats, likely aimed at improving the efficiency of food production, modified the age and sex structure of these populations, increasing the transmission potential of the pathogen within these populations. Probable interactions between Neolithic settlements would have further promoted pathogen maintenance. By fostering conditions suitable for allowing domestic goats to become reservoirs of Brucella melitensis , the early stages of agricultural development were likely to promote the exposure of humans to this pathogen.

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Bulut, Zafer, Ercan Kurar, Yusuf Ozsensoy, Vahdettin Altunok, and Mehmet Nizamlioglu. "Genetic Diversity of Eight Domestic Goat Populations Raised in Turkey." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2830394.

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The objective of this study was to determine the intra- and intergenetic diversities of eight different goat populations in Turkey including Hair, Angora, Kilis, Yayladag, Shami, Honamli, Saanen, and Alpine. A total of 244 DNA samples were genotyped using 11 microsatellites loci. The genetic differentiation between breeds was considerable as a result of the statistically significant (P<0.001) pairwiseFSTvalues of each pair of breeds. Exceptionally,FSTvalues calculated for Honamli and Hair breeds were statistically nonsignificant (P>0.05). Heterozygosity values ranged between 0.62 and 0.73. According to the structure and assignment test, Angora and Yayladag goats were assigned to the breed they belong to, while other breeds were assigned to two or more different groups. Because this study for the first time presented genetic data on the Yayladag goat, results of structure analysis and assigned test suggest that further analyses are needed using additional and different molecular markers.

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ALBAYRAK, H., E. OZAN, H. KADI, A. CAVUNT, C. TAMER, and M. TUTUNCU M. "Serological evidence of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in goat breeds in the Samsun province of Turkey." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 68, no. 3 (January 29, 2018): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15478.

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the major endemic trans-boundary livestock diseases of socio-economic importance in Turkey and worldwide. Goats constitute the third largest susceptible population of domestic livestock in Turkey. FMD surveillance and control strategies in the country largely ignore small ruminants, known to be critical in the epidemiology of the disease. In this study, blood samples were randomly collected from different domestic goat breeds (Anatolian black goat, Maltese and Saanen). The material consisted of 368 domestic goats, including 121 Anatolian black, 125 Maltese and 122 Saanen goats from Samsun province. The serum samples were examined for the presence of antibodies to foot and mouth disease virus using non structural proteins (NSPs) competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Out of 368 serum samples examined, 12 (3.26%) were positive for FMD. Seropositivity rates in Anatolian black, Saanen and Maltese breeds were 0.83%, 0.82% and 8.00% for FMD, respectively. Although, seropositivity rate in Maltese goat breed was higher than others, this result was not attributed to breed susceptibility. The results of the investigation indicate that FMD is less widespread in goats than sheep and cattle in Samsun province. The results, supported for the first time in Turkey the hypothesis that goats act as a potential reservoir of FMD virus and thus have a role in the epidemiology of FMD.

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Wojtasiak, Natalia, Tomasz Stankiewicz, and Jan Udała. "Ultrasound examination of pregnancy in the domestic goat (Capra hircus) ‒ a review." Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2019.

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Ultrasonography (USG) for embryo-foetal foetometry is widely used in the management of goat breeding. Tissues and organs of the embryo/foetus are measured and evaluated to assess gestational age. Transrectal, transabdominal and transvaginal probes are used to perform the ultrasound examination. Technological advances, especially with regard to ultrasound image resolution, enable precise visualization of embryo-foetal structures in goats. The article reviews the foetometric measurements used in ultrasound examination of pregnancy in goats. Performing this examination during specific periods of gestation enables effective monitoring of embryonic and foetal growth and development. In addition to measurements of embryo-foetal structures, measurements of foetal-maternal structures such as the placentomes and umbilical cord are important as well. The role of ultrasound in monitoring goat pregnancy, both normal and pathological, was also emphasized.

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Blyth, Edward. "On the Hybrid between the Chamois and the Domestic Goat." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 37, no. 1 (August 21, 2009): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1869.tb07302.x.

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23

Binanti, D., and P. Riccaboni. "Thoraco-Omphalopagus Conjoined Twins in Chamois-Coloured Domestic Goat Kids." Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 41, no. 3 (November 10, 2011): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2011.01118.x.

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24

Bosc, M., P. Guillimin, G. Bourgy, and P. Pignon. "Hourly distribution of time of parturition in the domestic goat." Theriogenology 30, no. 1 (July 1988): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(88)90260-9.

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25

Alyousif, M. S., A. A. Kasim, and Y. R. Al-Shawa. "Coccidia of the domestic goat (Capra hircus) in Saudi Arabia." International Journal for Parasitology 22, no. 6 (September 1992): 807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(92)90131-4.

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Jann, Oliver C., Eva-Maria Prinzenberg, Gordon Luikart, Anna Caroli, and Georg Erhardt. "High polymorphism in the κ-casein (CSN3) gene from wild and domestic caprine species revealed by DNA sequencing." Journal of Dairy Research 71, no. 2 (May 2004): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029904000093.

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We assessed polymorphisms in exon IV of the κ-casein gene (CSN3) in ten different breeds of domestic goat (Capra hircus) from three continents and in three related wild caprine taxa (Capra <ibex> ibex, Capra <ibex> sibirica and Capra aegagrus). Thirty-five DNA samples were sequenced within a 558 bp fragment of exon IV. Nine polymorphic sites were identified in domestic goat, including four new polymorphisms. In addition to four previously described polymorphic positions, a total of 13 polymorphisms allowed the identification of 13 DNA variants, corresponding to 10 protein variants. Because of conflicting nomenclature of these variants, we propose a standardized allele designation. CSN3*A, CSN3*B, and CSN3*D were found as widely distributed alleles in European goat breeds. Within Capra ibex we identified three variants and showed that the sequence of Capra aegagrus is identical to the most common Capra hircus variant, consistent with Capra aegagrus being the wild progenitor of domestic goats. A dendrogram was drawn to represent the molecular network between the caprine CSN3 variants.

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SAJID, M. S., H. M. RIZWAN, M. K. KHAN, A. QUDOOS, F. A. ATIF, M. A. MALIK, and M. MAQBOOL. "Association of herd management with the infestation of ticks in domestic goats." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 71, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 2283. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.25074.

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Three-stage cluster random sampling was done for determination of the association of herd management with the prevalence of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation in goats (Capra hircus) in southern Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 136 nomadic goat herds and settled farms were screened for ticks and related information like nature of herds, herd size, farming pattern, animal keeping, housing, floor pattern and hygienic measures and documented on a pre-structured questionnaire. In addition, participatory epidemiological tools were used to document trends of consultancy and therapy, choice of drugs and therapeutic approaches. A significant tick infestation (56.30%) was found in all the settled farms or nomadic herds irrespective of the herd size; however, herds having 40-60 goats showed highest infestation. Among 109 (80.1%) settled farms and 27 (19.8%) nomadic herds, highest infestation was found in nomadic herds. No significant association of tick infestation was found with the goat herds reared with large ruminants or separately. Association of tick infestation with goat herds reared in closed housing system was found to be significantly higher as compared to partially-closed or open. Tethered goats showed significantly higher rate of tick infestation than free living. Uncemented (Kacha) floor was a higher risk factor for tick infestation as compared to cemented and bricked. The goats of the settled farms were more prone to tick infestation whose owner neglected the tick infestation, consulted with quacks, used ethnoveterinary medicine and petroleum for control of ticks. The findings of present study will be helpful in devising appropriate extension services for the control of tick infestation in the selected region in specific and in resource-poor countries with similar livestock husbandry systems, in general.

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Naderi, Saeid, Hamid-Reza Rezaei, François Pompanon, Michael G. B. Blum, Riccardo Negrini, Hamid-Reza Naghash, Özge Balkız, et al. "The goat domestication process inferred from large-scale mitochondrial DNA analysis of wild and domestic individuals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 46 (November 12, 2008): 17659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804782105.

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The emergence of farming during the Neolithic transition, including the domestication of livestock, was a critical point in the evolution of human kind. The goat (Capra hircus) was one of the first domesticated ungulates. In this study, we compared the genetic diversity of domestic goats to that of the modern representatives of their wild ancestor, the bezoar, by analyzing 473 samples collected over the whole distribution range of the latter species. This partly confirms and significantly clarifies the goat domestication scenario already proposed by archaeological evidence. All of the mitochondrial DNA haplogroups found in current domestic goats have also been found in the bezoar. The geographic distribution of these haplogroups in the wild ancestor allowed the localization of the main domestication centers. We found no haplotype that could have been domesticated in the eastern half of the Iranian Plateau, nor further to the east. A signature of population expansion in bezoars of the C haplogroup suggests an early domestication center on the Central Iranian Plateau (Yazd and Kerman Provinces) and in the Southern Zagros (Fars Province), possibly corresponding to the management of wild flocks. However, the contribution of this center to the current domestic goat population is rather low (1.4%). We also found a second domestication center covering a large area in Eastern Anatolia, and possibly in Northern and Central Zagros. This last domestication center is the likely origin of almost all domestic goats today. This finding is consistent with archaeological data identifying Eastern Anatolia as an important domestication center.

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Nelson, Danielle D., Michael J. Dark, Daniel S. Bradway, Julia F. Ridpath, Neill Call, Julius Haruna, Fred R. Rurangirwa, and James F. Evermann. "Evidence for Persistent Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in a Captive Mountain Goat (Oreamnos Americanus)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 20, no. 6 (November 2008): 752–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870802000606.

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Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) viruses are pestiviruses that have been isolated from domestic and wild ruminants. There is serologic evidence of pestiviral infection in more than 40 species of free-range and captive mammals. Vertical transmission can produce persistently infected animals that are immunotolerant to the infecting strain of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and shed virus throughout their lives. Seven species (white-tailed deer, mouse deer, eland, domestic cattle, alpaca, sheep, and pigs) have been definitively identified as persistently infected with BVDV. This study provides serological, molecular, immunohistochemical, and histological evidence for BVDV infection in 2 captive mountain goats from a zoological park in Idaho. The study was triggered by isolation of BVDV from tissues and immunohistochemical identification of viral antigen within lesions of a 7-month-old male mountain goat (goat 1). Blood was collected from other mountain goats and white-tailed and mule deer on the premises for BVDV serum neutralization, viral isolation, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. One 3-month-old mountain goat (goat 2) was antibody negative and BVDV positive in serum samples collected 3 months apart. This goat subsequently died, and though still antibody negative, BVDV was isolated from tissues and identified by immunohistochemistry within lesions. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified the isolates as BVDV-2. These findings provide evidence of persistent infection in a mountain goat, underscoring the need for pestivirus control strategies for wild ruminants in zoological collections.

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Memisi, N., M. Zujovic, Z. Tomic, and M. P. Petrovic. "Influence of lactation order and live weight on milk yield and fertility traits in domestic Balkan goat." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 26, no. 3-4 (2010): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1004179m.

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The goal of investigation in the domestic Balkan goat was to establish the effect of body weight and lactation number on milk yield and fertility. Research was done in herds belonging to private farmers, during a one-year period, on a total of 578 goats. Investigated herds were monitored also by lactation number, i.e. kidding number (lactations 1,2 and 3 individually, lactation 4 and following lactations investigated together). Body weight and milk yield were measured, while fertility was determined as the number of live born kids per 100 goats. Goats were also sorted into groups by age and body weight, while the interval within groups and between groups was 5 kg. Average total milk yield in the investigated population of the domestic Balkan goat was 177.5 kg. A statististically significant difference (P<0,01) was established for milk yield depending on body weight and age, except for goats in lactation 1 (P<0,05). In lactation 3 and 4, goats with body weights over 45 kg, comprising 30.23% of the total number in these groups, had the highest milk yields (over 200 kg). Pertaining to lactation number, i.e. kidding number, as well as body weight in both years of investigation, lowest fertility was found in lactations 1 and 2 (112%), and in goats with lowest body weight (25-30 kg), while this considerably increased lactation 4 and later lactations (136%), and body weights of over 40 kg (140%).

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Quílez, Joaquín, Claudia Vergara-Castiblanco, Luis Monteagudo, Emilio del Cacho, and Caridad Sánchez-Acedo. "Host Association of Cryptosporidium parvum Populations Infecting Domestic Ruminants in Spain." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 17 (June 28, 2013): 5363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01168-13.

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ABSTRACTA stock of 148Cryptosporidium parvumDNA extracts from lambs and goat kids selected from a previous study examining the occurrence ofCryptosporidiumspecies and GP60 subtypes in diarrheic lambs and goat kids in northeastern Spain was further characterized by a multilocus fragment typing approach with six mini- and microsatellite loci. Various degrees of polymorphism were seen at all but the MS5 locus, although all markers exhibited two major alleles accounting for more than 75% of isolates. A total of 56 multilocus subtypes (MLTs) from lambs (48 MLTs) and goat kids (11 MLTs) were identified. Individual isolates with mixed MLTs were detected on more than 25% of the farms, but most MLTs (33) were distinctive for individual farms, revealing the endemicity of cryptosporidial infections on sheep and goat farms. Comparison with a previous study in calves in northern Spain using the same six-locus subtyping scheme showed the presence of host-associated alleles, differences in the identity of major alleles, and very little overlap in MLTs betweenC. parvumisolates from lambs and those from calves (1 MLT) or isolates from lambs and those from goat kids (3 MLTs). The Hunter-Gaston index of the multilocus technique was 0.976 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.970 to 0.982), which supports its high discriminatory power for strain typing and epidemiological tracking. Population analyses revealed the presence of two host-associated subpopulations showing epidemic clonality among theC. parvumisolates infecting calves and lambs/goat kids, respectively, although evidence of genetic flow between the two subpopulations was also detected.

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Malbrue, Raphael A., and Carmen B. Arsuaga Zorilla. "Scrotal ablation and orchiectomy in the domestic laboratory goat (Capra hircus)." Veterinary and Animal Science 5 (June 2018): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2018.02.002.

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Idris, Anas M. K., Hetalkumar Shukla, Hind Abdalla Arabi, and Shri Singh. "Developmental Potential of Hybrid Arabian Tahr X Goat Embryos Produced In Vitro and Implanted into Domestic Goat Recipients." Biology of Reproduction 83, Suppl_1 (November 1, 2010): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolreprod/83.s1.683.

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Selionova, Marina I., Magomet M. Aibazov, Tatyana V. Mamontova, Sergey N. Petrov, Veronica R. Kharzinova, Dotsev V. Arsen, and Natalia A. Zinovieva. "42 Genetic differentiation of Russian goats and wild relatives based on microsatellite loci." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.037.

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Abstract Goat breeding is a traditional livestock industry for many regions of Russia. Due to unpretentiousness and high adaptive qualities, the Karachai, Dagestan wool and Dagestan down breeds are widespread in the North Caucasus. Moreover, their uniqueness is determined by sharing a common habitat with their wild relatives, West Caucasian and Dagestani turs, thus forming hybrid zones. The aim of the research was to study allele pool and interbreed differentiation of domestic goat breeds and wild relatives by microsatellites. Research was performed based on 16 loci on the ABI 3130xl analyzer. Population genetic characteristics were calculated in GenAlEx 6.5, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed in Populations 1.2.30 and SplitsTree 4.14.5. The sample collection included goat breeds (n = 226): Karachai (KRCH), Dagestan down (DAGD), Dagestan wool (DAGW) (North Caucasus), Soviet wool (SOVW) (Siberia), Orenburg (OREN) (South Ural), and wild goats (n = 72). Wild goats comprised mountain goats: Siberian goats (Capra sibirica) from the Altai, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and the Himalayas; bezoar goats (Capra aegagrus) from Turkey and Pakistan; and tur (Capra caucasica) from the West Caucasus (Kuban), Central Caucasus, and East Caucasus (Dagestan). The Karachai breed was characterized by the highest level of genetic diversity: the average number of alleles per locus (NA) and allelic richness (AR) were 9,154 and 7,713, respectively, while these indices varied from 6,538 to 7,538 and from 6,425 to 7,538 (Table 1) in other breeds, respectively. The values of genetic distances showed differentiation of Karachai, Dagestan down and Dagestan wool breeds from Orenburg and Soviet wool breeds (Table 2). The formation of three clusters was established. The first one included subspecies of the Caucasian tur, the second one comprised Siberian goats, and the third contained domestic goats. Bezoar goats were in the root of the third cluster that confirmed their participation as an ancestral form of domestic goats.

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Giordani, Luca, Elena Baraza, Sara Lucía Camargo-Ricalde, and Stein R. Moe. "The domestic goat as a potential seed disperser of Mimosa luisana (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico." Journal of Tropical Ecology 31, no. 1 (October 2, 2014): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467414000510.

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Abstract:Mimosa luisana is functionally important in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico, since it is able to create favourable microsites for the establishment of other plant species. The endozoochory of M. luisana seeds by goats was evaluated in terms of excrement deposition pattern, seed survival and germination. The excrement deposition pattern was evaluated by collecting pellets in four plots of 25 × 2 m randomly placed in a grazing area and recording the microhabitat where pellets were found. Seed survival and germination were evaluated by feeding the goats with seeds and collecting dung pellets at 8-h intervals for 80 h. Seeds from goat pellets (treatment) and seeds collected from pods (control) were placed in a germination chamber for 24 d. Goats mainly deposited M. luisana seeds in viable sites (open areas) for growth. Mimosa luisana seeds survived the goat digestive treatment (5.91% ± 2.86%) and most of them (67% ± 25.9%) were recovered 8–32 h after ingestion. Goat gut treatment increased M. luisana final germination (47.5% ingested, 5.83% control) and shortened initial and mean time of germination. Our results indicate that goats may be an efficient disperser of M. luisana seeds.

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Ménsua, C., L. Carrasco, M. J. Bautista, E. Biescas, A. Fernández, C. L. Murphy, D. T. Weiss, A. Solomon, and L. Luján. "Pathology of AA Amyloidosis in Domestic Sheep and Goats." Veterinary Pathology 40, no. 1 (January 2003): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.40-1-71.

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We describe the main pathologic changes in small ruminants affected by AA amyloidosis, together with the partial sequence of the protein involved. Twenty-one sheep and one goat were selected for presenting macroscopic kidney lesions compatible with systemic amyloidosis. Available tissue samples were studied by histologic, immunopathologic, and ultrastructural means. Renal lesions were characterized grossly by pale cortical surfaces with scattered, miliary, whitish-yellow foci and on cut cortical surfaces by straight, whitish-yellow striations. Gangrenous pneumonia was observed in 16 out of 21 affected sheep (76.2%), although other chronic inflammations were also observed. Amyloid was detected in all grossly affected kidneys using Congo red staining, lesions being most remarkable in glomeruli, affecting 95.5% of animals studied. Congophilic deposits were also observed in intertubular interstitium (68.2%) and medulla (57.1%). All amyloid-affected animals presented proximal convoluted tubule lesions, mostly characterized by an increase in diameter and by hyaline granular degeneration that were responsible for the macroscopic appearance of the kidney. Histologically, amyloid was also seen in blood vessels, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, and adrenal glands. All amyloid deposits demonstrated greenish-yellow birefringence with polarized light, and the antisera prepared against goat amyloid extracts specifically reacted with birefringent congophilic deposits of both sheep and goats. Ultrastructurally, these deposits were formed by masses of straight, nonbranching fibrils located predominantly in the basement membranes of glomerular capillaries and in the mesangium. Partial sequence of the protein in sheep and goats indicated a high degree of homology with the previously reported sequence of sheep Serum Amyloid A.

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Ijaz, A., F. Jabeen, A. Ashraf, and S. Naz. "Prevalence and PCR based molecular characterization of goat pox virus from field outbreaks of Multan and Bahawalnagar, Pakistan." Journal of Bio-Science 28 (December 28, 2019): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v28i0.44715.

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This study was designed to check the prevalence and PCR-based molecular characterization of goat pox virus (GTPV) in the Multan and Bahwalnagar regions of Punjab, Pakistan. Capripox virus (CPPV) is the cause of goat pox (GTP) and sheep pox (SPP) disease, it highly affects the morbidity and mortality rate of goats and sheep. In this study, the 80 tissues and blood samples of goats were collected on age basis from the goat farms, slaughter houses, tanneries and domestic animals. The epidemiological data was also collected. The collected samples were processed for DNA extraction. We characterized the goat pox virus (GTPV) with specific primers of P32 gene by PCR. Then each amplified product was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis visualized by UV fluorescence light. This study showed that Infants of goats (2-10 months) in Multan showed 25% while adult goat in Multan showed 14.2 % positive results. In Bahawlnagar, the affected infants of goats (2-10 months) found were 31.25% while adult infected goats were 11.1%. Both primers were equally effective for the characterization of unknown samples. The most effected goats were adult female and infants. J. bio-sci. 28: 95-103, 2020

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Nepali, Megh B., Megh R. Tiwari, Sudha Sapkota, Hari P. Poudel, Budhi R. Acharya, and Sudeep Gautam. "Marketing Constraints to Goats in the Western Hill of Nepal." Nepal Agriculture Research Journal 8 (November 24, 2014): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11601.

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Goat marketing study was conducted in eleven districts with the objectives of exploration the existing goat marketing system in western hills of Nepal. The methodology of the study was households survey, Rapid Marketing Appraisal and use of secondary data. Some of the marketing centers are at the village level, catchments, terminal level markets and district headquarters. There are some marketing agents dealing with the goat marketing from village to the municipalities. Goat marketing agents mainly found farmers and middlemen at the village level and catchments markets. In terminal markets mainly wholesalers and middlemen were involved where as in district headquarters and municipalities middlemen, wholesalers and butchers were dealing the goat business. 59.3% respondents believed that middlemen visit in the village for goat marketing. Almost all farmers sell their goats on the basis of estimated price. Major constraints on goat marketing were lack of public goat marketing centres, lack of communications about goat marketing and lack of infrastructure etc in all the domestic markets. In the western hills of Nepal main goat marketing centre was found in Pokhara sub municipality where traders/whole sellers bring their goats to sale from different catchments. Government has the provision of establishing new goat marketing centers in each VDCs and district headquarters.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 95-102DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11601

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Oliveira, Joelliton Domingos de, Maria Luiza Silveira de Paiva Igarashi, Théa Mírian Medeiros Machado, Marcos Mateo Miretti, Jesus Aparecido Ferro, and Eucleia Primo Betioli Contel. "Structure and genetic relationships between Brazilian naturalized and exotic purebred goat domestic goat (Capra hircus) breeds based on microsatellites." Genetics and Molecular Biology 30, no. 2 (March 2007): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572007000300010.

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ASHRAF, Nasra, Maqsood ANWAR, Iftikhar HUSSAIN, and Muhammad Ali NAWAZ. "Competition for food between the markhor and domestic goat in Chitral, Pakistan." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 38 (2014): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1306-6.

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Barroso, F. G., C. L. Alados, and J. Boza. "Social hierarchy in the domestic goat: effect on food habits and production." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 69, no. 1 (August 2000): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1591(00)00113-1.

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Cassidy, Lara M., Matthew D. Teasdale, Seán Carolan, Ruth Enright, Raymond Werner, Daniel G. Bradley, Emma K. Finlay, and Valeria Mattiangeli. "Capturing goats: documenting two hundred years of mitochondrial DNA diversity among goat populations from Britain and Ireland." Biology Letters 13, no. 3 (March 2017): 20160876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0876.

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The domestic goat ( Capra hircus ) plays a key role in global agriculture, being especially prized in regions of marginal pasture. However, the advent of industrialized breeding has seen a dramatic reduction in genetic diversity within commercial populations, while high extinction rates among feral herds have further depleted the reservoir of genetic variation available. Here, we present the first survey of whole mitochondrial genomic variation among the modern and historical goat populations of Britain and Ireland using a combination of mtDNA enrichment and high throughput sequencing. Fifteen historical taxidermy samples, representing the indigenous ‘Old Goat’ populations of the islands, were sequenced alongside five modern Irish dairy goats and four feral samples from endangered populations in western Ireland. Phylogenetic and network analyses of European mitochondrial variation revealed distinct groupings dominated by historical British and Irish samples, which demonstrate a degree of maternal genetic structure between the goats of insular and continental Europe. Several Irish modern feral samples also fall within these clusters, suggesting continuity between these dwindling populations and the ancestral ‘Old Goats’ of Ireland and Britain.

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Javed, Ijaz, Zahid Iqbal, None Zia-Ur-Rahman, M. Zargham Khan, Faqir Muhammad, Bilal Aslam, Mansoor A. Sandhu, and Javed I. Sultan. "Disposition Kinetics and Optimal Dosage of Ciprofloxacin in Healthy Domestic Ruminant Species." Acta Veterinaria Brno 78, no. 1 (2009): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200978010155.

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The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the disposition kinetics and optimal dosages of ciprofloxacin in healthy domestic ruminant species including adult female buffalo, cow, sheep and goat. The drug was given as a single intramuscular dose of 5 mg/kg. The plasma concentrations of the drug were determined with HPLC and pharmacokinetic variables were determined. The biological half-life (t1/2 β was longer in cows (3.25 ± 0.46 h) followed by intermediate values in buffaloes (3.05 ± 0.20 h) and sheep (2.93 ± 0.45 h) and shorter in goats (2.62 ± 0.39 h). The volume of distribution (Vd) in buffaloes was 1.09 ± 0.06 l/kg, cows 1.24 ± 0.16 l/kg, sheep 2.89 ± 0.30 l/kg and goats 3.76 ± 0.92 l/kg. Total body clearance (ClB) expressed in l/h/kg was minimum in buffaloes 0.25 ± 0.02 followed by values in cows 0.31 ± 0.02 and sheep 0.75 ± 0.04 and maximum in goats 1.09 ± 0.11. An optimal dosage regimen for 12-h interval consisted of 5.17, 5.62, 6.54 and 6.10 mg/kg body weight as priming and 4.84, 5.37, 6.26 and 5.91 mg/kg body weight as maintenance intramuscular dose in buffalo, cow, sheep and goat, respectively. The manufacturers of ciprofloxacin have claimed 5 mg/kg dose to be repeated after 24 h. However, the investigated dosage regimen may be repeated after 12 h to maintain MIC at the end of the dosage interval. Therefore, it is imperative that an optimal dosage regimen be based on the disposition kinetics data determined in the species and environment in which a drug is to be employed clinically.

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Murphy, B., D. Gasper, and R. Pool. "Nonossifying Fibroma in the Mandible of a Goat." Veterinary Pathology 48, no. 6 (January 27, 2011): 1161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985810396514.

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An 8-year-old male Nubian goat was presented with a peracute history of straining to urinate and unilateral mandibular swelling. At necropsy, the rostral half body of the left mandible was distorted by fusiform swelling that, on sagittal section, had marked medullary bone loss and replacement with a well-demarcated fibrous mass. Histologically, the mass comprised streaming spindloid cells with whorls and storiform patterns, interspersed with numerous multinucleated giant cells. Bone formation was not present in the neoplasm. The mandibular mass was diagnosed as nonossifying fibroma, a relatively common tumor in children but seldom reported in domestic animals.

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Amills, Marcel, Juan Capote, Anna Tomàs, Lucía Kelly, Gabriela Obexer-Ruff, Antonella Angiolillo, and Armand Sanchez. "Strong phylogeographic relationships among three goat breeds from the Canary Islands." Journal of Dairy Research 71, no. 3 (July 23, 2004): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029904000342.

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We partially sequenced the mitochondrial D-loop region in 47 individuals from eleven Spanish and foreign goat breeds. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences allowed us to identify a particular D-loop haplotype shared by individuals from the Palmera, Majorera and Tinerfeña Canarian breeds. Genotyping of 281 goats from 17 different breeds by PCR-HpaII RFLP evidenced that the geographical distribution of this haplotype is restricted to the Canary Islands. This ancestral mitochondrial haplotype might originate in the domestic goat herds brought by the native Canarian inhabitants approximately 3000 years ago. Although we observed other miscellaneous D-loop haplotypes in the Palmera, Majorera and Tinerfeña breeds, any of them allowed us to group individuals from these three populations in a single cluster, a feature that suggests that these haplotypes might have diverse origins. The remarkable degree of phylogeographic structure of the Canary goat breeds with regard to other Spanish and foreign populations might be attributed to the isolation of these breeds in the Canary Islands for approximately 2500 years, without exposure to the migratory movements and commercial trading events that probably affected the genesis of most domestic goat breeds worldwide. The Canarian D-loop haplotype can be efficiently genotyped by using DNA isolated from milk and cheese samples, which paves the way for the future establishment of a Canary breed identity test for these dairy products.

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Bora, Durlav Prasad, Gnanavel Venkatesan, Samsun Neher, Puja Mech, Nagendra Nath Barman, Esther Ralte, Dilip Sarma, and Sailendra Kumar Das. "Goatpox outbreak at a high altitude goat farm of Mizoram: possibility of wild life spill over to domestic goat population." VirusDisease 29, no. 4 (August 21, 2018): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13337-018-0482-0.

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Daly, Kevin G., Valeria Mattiangeli, Andrew J. Hare, Hossein Davoudi, Homa Fathi, Sanaz Beizaee Doost, Sarieh Amiri, et al. "Herded and hunted goat genomes from the dawn of domestication in the Zagros Mountains." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 25 (June 7, 2021): e2100901118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100901118.

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The Aceramic Neolithic (∼9600 to 7000 cal BC) period in the Zagros Mountains, western Iran, provides some of the earliest archaeological evidence of goat (Capra hircus) management and husbandry by circa 8200 cal BC, with detectable morphological change appearing ∼1,000 y later. To examine the genomic imprint of initial management and its implications for the goat domestication process, we analyzed 14 novel nuclear genomes (mean coverage 1.13X) and 32 mitochondrial (mtDNA) genomes (mean coverage 143X) from two such sites, Ganj Dareh and Tepe Abdul Hosein. These genomes show two distinct clusters: those with domestic affinity and a minority group with stronger wild affinity, indicating that managed goats were genetically distinct from wild goats at this early horizon. This genetic duality, the presence of long runs of homozygosity, shared ancestry with later Neolithic populations, a sex bias in archaeozoological remains, and demographic profiles from across all layers of Ganj Dareh support management of genetically domestic goat by circa 8200 cal BC, and represent the oldest to-this-date reported livestock genomes. In these sites a combination of high autosomal and mtDNA diversity, contrasting limited Y chromosomal lineage diversity, an absence of reported selection signatures for pigmentation, and the wild morphology of bone remains illustrates domestication as an extended process lacking a strong initial bottleneck, beginning with spatial control, demographic manipulation via biased male culling, captive breeding, and subsequently phenotypic and genomic selection.

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Zheng, Zhuqing, Xihong Wang, Ming Li, Yunjia Li, Zhirui Yang, Xiaolong Wang, Xiangyu Pan, et al. "The origin of domestication genes in goats." Science Advances 6, no. 21 (May 2020): eaaz5216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz5216.

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Goat domestication was critical for agriculture and civilization, but its underlying genetic changes and selection regimes remain unclear. Here, we analyze the genomes of worldwide domestic goats, wild caprid species, and historical remains, providing evidence of an ancient introgression event from a West Caucasian tur-like species to the ancestor of domestic goats. One introgressed locus with a strong signature of selection harbors the MUC6 gene, which encodes a gastrointestinally secreted mucin. Experiments revealed that the nearly fixed introgressed haplotype confers enhanced immune resistance to gastrointestinal pathogens. Another locus with a strong signal of selection may be related to behavior. The selected alleles at these two loci emerged in domestic goats at least 7200 and 8100 years ago, respectively, and increased to high frequencies concurrent with the expansion of the ubiquitous modern mitochondrial haplogroup A. Tracking these archaeologically cryptic evolutionary transformations provides new insights into the mechanisms of animal domestication.

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Samson, Judith, Jon T. Jorgenson, and W. D. Wishart. "Glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium levels in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep and mountain goats." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 2493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-352.

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Selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were determined in the blood of wild and captive herds of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), as well as in one wild mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) herd. No significant relationship was established between blood selenium and GSH-Px activity for individual herds of bighorns, but when all herds were pooled, selenium was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with GSH-Px. The hypothesis that bighorn sheep would exhibit higher GSH-Px activity per unit of blood selenium than domestic cattle was not supported. One bighorn population had blood selenium levels below those considered deficient in domestic sheep, yet exhibited no clinical signs of selenium deficiency. A blood selenium by GSH-Px relationship did not exist for the single mountain goat herd sampled. The seven blood samples collected from mountain goats did not differ from those from bighorn sheep in their GSH-Px activity relative to blood selenium levels.

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Ressaissi, Y. M. "P4000 Specific polymorphisms in mitochondrial region D-loop of the Tunisian domestic goat." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_4 (September 1, 2016): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas2016.94supplement479a.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Domestic goat'

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