Academic literature on the topic 'Domestic hazards'
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Journal articles on the topic "Domestic hazards"
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Ames, S., and D. Crowhurst. "Domestic explosion hazards from small LPG containers." Journal of Hazardous Materials 19, no. 2 (January 1988): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(88)85049-0.
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Zechter, Joyce Faith, and Tee L. Guidotti. "Occupational hazards of domestic workers providing home care." Public Health 101, no. 4 (July 1987): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3506(87)80079-3.
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Jie, Wang, Wang Hao, Yao Weiling, Wang Haiqing, and Li Li. "Application of domestic high-resolution satellite data On Geological Hazard Monitoring in Coal Mining Areas." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185303008.
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Rapid development of remote sensing technology has become an important means of geological hazards monitoring. Domestic high- resolution satellite data such as TH-1, ZY-3, GF1/2 and BJ-2, because of its high quality and low price, are more and more widely used in the field of geology. However, there are still some problems in data processing and the research on domestic satellite data in coal mining geological hazards monitoring is not much. So it needs further research and application. This paper aims to establish a set of technology scheme for dynamic monitoring and analysis of geological hazards in coal mining collapse area based on domestic high-resolution satellite. We selected the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Midong District of Urumqi where geological disasters are more serious as the study area, compared and analyzed the domestic high-resolution satellite images based on the TH-1 (2014), GF-1 (2015), BJ-2 (2016). This paper identified dynamic change of geologic hazard, set up the symbol of interpretation, evaluated and explored the practicability of land disaster investigation and dynamic monitoring with domestic high-resolution satellite. Based on the dynamic monitoring with domestic high-resolution satellite data from 2014 to 2016, we found that the geological disasters such as ground collapse and ground cracks are increasing. We suggest that it should be planned first, and exploitation should be scientific. It is necessary to strengthen the restoration of governance.
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Wehbe, Rania, and Isam Shahrour. "Indoor hazards management using digital technology." MATEC Web of Conferences 281 (2019): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928101013.
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Management of indoor hazards constitutes a great challenge for buildings design, construction and operating. The question is how to reduce both buildings vulnerability to indoor hazards and the impact of the latter on occupants and buildings integrity. Indoor hazards could result from different source such as fire, air pollution, water and gas leak, domestic accidents, appliances hazards, intrusion and break-out. Standards are already established for safety buildings design. However, in the operating phase, both occupants and buildings managers are subjected to serious indoor hazards, which could lead to significant human and material damages. The development of the digital technology such as Internet of Things (IoT), communication technology, indoor smart monitoring and Building Information Modeling (BIM) offers a great opportunity to improve indoor safety. This paper presents the indoor hazards and how the smart technology could help in improving the indoor hazard management.
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Zeoli, April M., and Amy Bonomi. "Pretty in Pink? Firearm Hazards for Domestic Violence Victims." Women's Health Issues 25, no. 1 (January 2015): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2014.09.005.
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Mondal, Jaita. "A Review on Mechanical & Physical Hazards at Domestic Kitchen." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 2, no. 1 (February 22, 2012): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v2i1.5920.
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Kitchen is one of the most important aspects in our life. We wait eagerly for the delicious foodstuffs of our kitchenette. However, many simple but repetitive kitchen activities can be a threat to our health. Such as peeling potatoes, chopping, and picking up heavy pots and kettles, overstretching to reach to utensils or ingredients etc. can cause or aggravate pain & discomfort in hand, wrist, elbow, shoulder and neck (Physical hazards). Musculoskeletal problems are not only the one, but various accidents also happen in domestic kitchen (Mechanical Hazards). Traumatic and repetitive injuries related to kitchen tasks include lacerations, cut, slips & falls, tendonitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, thermal strains, burn etc. Those menaces generally occur due to poor ergonomics, as poor work practices, poor quality equipment and poorly maintained equipment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v2i1.5920 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012) 7-10
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Whitworth, Kristina W., Brenda Berumen-Flucker, George L. Delclos, Sonia Fragoso, Claudia Mata, and David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras. "Job hazards and respiratory symptoms in Hispanic female domestic cleaners." Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 75, no. 2 (April 29, 2019): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2019.1606774.
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Millman, Caroline, Dan Rigby, Davey Jones, and Gareth Edwards-Jones. "A real-time test of food hazard awareness." British Food Journal 117, no. 8 (August 3, 2015): 2112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-09-2014-0317.
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Purpose – Food poisoning attributable to the home generates a large disease burden, yet is an unregulated and largely unobserved domain. Investigating food safety awareness and routine practices is fraught with difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to develop and apply a new survey tool to elicit awareness of food hazards. Data generated by the approach are analysed to investigate the impact of oberservable heterogeneity on food safety awareness. Design/methodology/approach – The authors develop a novel Watch-and-Click survey tool to assess the level of awareness of a set of hazardous food safety behaviours in the domestic kitchen. Participants respond to video footage stimulus, in which food hazards occur, via mouse clicks/screen taps. This real-time response data is analysed via estimation of count and logit models to investigate how hazard identification patterns vary over observable characteristics. Findings – User feedback regarding the Watch-and-Click tool approach is extremely positive. Substantive results include significantly higher hazard awareness among the under 60s. People who thought they knew more than the average person did indeed score higher but people with food safety training/experience did not. Vegetarians were less likely to identify four of the five cross-contamination hazards they observed. Originality/value – A new and engaging survey tool to elicit hazard awareness with real-time scores and feedback is developed, with high levels of user engagement and stakeholder interest. The approach may be applied to elicit hazard awareness in a wide range of contexts including education, training and research.
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Mahto, Purnima, Viraj Dubey, and Jaya Panhotra. "INDOOR AIR POLLUTION: HEALTH HAZARDS AND TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE THE HAZARDOUS EFFECTS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3155.
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Industrial progress and ubiquitous technological adoption are major contributing factors to air pollution in developed countries. Air pollution is equally serious in rural and urban areas of our country. In rural India, majority of women use bio mass fuel (unprocessed fuel) for cooking and heating that causes lots of indoor pollution. Rural women heavily depend on fuel wood and bio mass fuels for cooking activity in which concomitant release of hazardous smoke is a major problem especially in poorly ventilated closed kitchen space. Women and children who spend major part of their time indoors are more prone to be affected by the smoke released by fuel wood burning. To reduce the harmful / hazardous effect of smoke, the intervention of improved technologies like smokeless stoves, domestic biogas plant, processed bio mass fuels (Charring and Briquetting) may be made available to rural parts in India.
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Li, Haochuan, Ziye Gu, Jie Chen, Jiabo Yin, and Lei Gu. "Severe Socioeconomic Exposures Due to Enhanced Future Compound Flood-Heat Extreme Hazards in China." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122089.
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As the climate warms, a new hazard, compound flood-heat extreme (CFH) events, characterized by the rapid succession of devastating floods and deadly heat (or vice-versa), are becoming increasingly frequent, threatening infrastructure and ecosystems. However, how this CFH hazard will change under future anthropogenic warming in China and their potential population and economic exposures remains unexamined. Here, we systematically quantify the projected changes in bivariate CHF hazards for 187 catchments in China during the 2071–2100 period relative to the 1985–2014 period and investigate the potential population and gross domestic product (GDP) exposure, by developing a climatic-hydrological-socioeconomic modelling chain. We find that there is a nationwide increase in CFH hazards and the historical 30-year CFH episodes are projected to increase by 10 times in southern catchments. Under the synergistic impacts of changing CFH episodes and population (GDP), a mass of people in southern (0.79–2.13 thousand/km2) and eastern (1.68 thousand/km2) catchments and an enormous sum of GDP in eastern catchments (400–912 million/km2) will be exposed to increasing CFH hazards. Our results highlight the necessity of improving both societal resilience and mitigation solutions to address such weather-related hazards.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Domestic hazards"
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Irwin, K. D. J. "Domestic Fire Hazard in New Zealand." University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8341.
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This report presents features of domestic fires within New Zealand over the period 1986 to 1994 inclusive.
It consists of an analysis of the New Zealand Fire Incident Reporting System (FIRS) that the Fire Service completes for every incident it responds to. Areas investigated are the area of fire origin, equipment involved in ignition, form of heat of ignition, type of material first ignited, form of material first ignited, and the ignition factor or cause.
Features of the casualties such as their location at the time of injury, activity at time of injury, day of week injured, time of day injured, and age of those injured have been investigated.
A literature search of socio-economic features that affect the incidence of domestic fires and the effectiveness of smoke alarms is included.
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Millman, Caroline Elizabeth. "Perceptions and risks : food-borne pathogens in the domestic environment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/perceptions-and-risks-foodborne-pathogens-in-the-domestic-environment(daae2641-ddf5-41d0-877c-1ba1533ad243).html.
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Food-borne illness is a significant burden both with regard to public health and financially. Efforts to reduce the level of food-borne illness continue to concentrate on the full food supply chain with particular regard given to Campylobacter, the most commonly reported zoonosis and the greatest burden to public health. The focus of this research is domestic food safety practises, where there is no regulation. Food safety is reliant on people’s knowledge or awareness, their ability to adopt safe food handling practises and for the correct behaviours to achieve this, to be routine. The elicitation of awareness and perceptions with regard to food safety are problematic due to the complexities of human nature, including the presence of several forms of bias, such as social desirability bias and optimistic bias. The research was designed in order to try to minimise such biases, whilst further understanding influences on food safety preparation behaviour. Food safety preparation behaviours and kitchen hygiene were investigated between people who had campylobacteriosis in comparison to people who had not had food poisoning. Whilst no difference was noted in the kitchen hygiene between the two groups, significant differences were noted in self-reported food preparation behaviours. Optimistic bias was exhibited by both groups but when tested again after six months had elapsed, the group who had not had food poisoning increased their optimism, introducing a significant difference in optimistic bias between the two groups. Awareness of a number of unsafe food behaviours was explored for individuals and groups of people using a method developed as part of the research. This method of hazard awareness uses video as a stimulus, creating an interactive survey, combined with attitudinal and demographic data. Changes were made to perceptions of knowledge and risk following the hazard perception challenge, with the number of hazards missed, influencing this movement in perception. The risk perception of unsafe food handling behaviours was examined using a novel technique Best-Worst Scaling, in order to identify relative risks. This technique, in conjunction with latent class modelling, demonstrated a difference in perceptions between food safety experts and members of the general public. However, these differences are nuanced and demonstrate that heterogeneity exists both within and across the groups. Taken together, these findings have extended the research on domestic food safety behaviour and risk perceptions. It has done so by developing and testing novel methods to elicit relative risk perceptions and hazard perception with regard to food safety behaviours. The results provide valuable evidence for stakeholders particularly with regard to the novel methods used in identifying the heterogeneity and influences of food safety behaviour between groups of people. It also provides important tools for stakeholders, risk managers and communicators to use in future research, communication and education.
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Matta, Marcus Emmanuel Mamana da. "Índice de perigo para subsidiar a aplicação de lodo de esgoto em solo agrícola." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-07122011-134521/.
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A ampliação dos sistemas de tratamento de esgoto sanitário implica diretamente no aumento da geração de lodos de esgoto, que precisam ser adequadamente dispostos. Devido aos benefícios agronômicos, a incorporação de lodo de esgoto em solo agrícola tem sido, em diversos países, a forma mais sustentável para aproveitamento deste resíduo. A Resolução Conama 375 de 2006 normatiza essa prática no Brasil, e os critérios para a tomada de decisão quanto a ocorrência de poluentes químicos no lodo de esgoto se restringe a determinação de onze compostos inorgânicos, o que gera preocupação em relação a outros compostos presentes na matriz e que podem proporcionar riscos ao ecossistema e à saúde humana. Para complementar a avaliação de matrizes complexas como lodo de esgoto, efluentes, sedimentos, solos contaminados, se tem preconizado o uso de testes de toxicidade, os quais fornecem evidências do perigo da mistura como um todo. O objetivo da tese foi desenvolver um índice para avaliar a periculosidade de lodo de esgoto, utilizando ensaios ecotoxicológicos de curta duração e baixo custo, com objetivo de subsidiar decisões mais rápidas quanto a sua aplicação em solo agrícola. O Índice de Perigo de Lodo de Esgoto (IPLE) integrou os resultados de teste de ecotoxicidade com Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia similis e teste de inibição do alongamento de raiz e da germinação de sementes. A fórmula do IPLE desenvolvido foi: log natural de um somado ao número de testes positivos, multiplicado pela ecotoxicidade média obtida nos testes, convertidos em unidade tóxica. O IPLE foi calculado utilizando os dados publicados pela CETESB de caracterização química e ecotoxicológica de 28 amostras de lodo de esgoto coletadas em 7 Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE) do Estado de São Paulo. O IPLE foi testado pela avaliação do percentual de amostras não conformes por faixa de índice, considerando para tanto os limites de substância química estabelecidos em diferentes normas de uso agrícola de lodo. As amostras com IPLE acima de 2 (n=15) apresentaram maior frequência de não conformidade quando comparado com as amostras com índice abaixo de 2 (n=13). O IPLE parece ser um bom indicador preliminar do perigo de amostras de lodo de esgoto, sugerindo reprovação e aprovação precoce de seu uso agrícola e como instrumento para acompanhamento e gestão da qualidade do lodo e comunicação de perigoThe expansion of urban wastewater treatment plants increases the generation of sewage sludge, that must be properly disposed. Due to the agronomic benefits, the incorporation of sewage sludge on agricultural land has been in several countries, the most sustainable use of this waste. CONAMA Resolution 375 of 2006 regulates the practice in Brazil, and the criteria for chemical pollutants in the sewage sludge are based on the concentration of eleven inorganic compounds, which raises concern in relation to other compounds present in matrix that could provide risk to the ecosystem and human health. Ecotoxicology evaluation of complex samples as sewage sludge, wastewater, sediments, contaminated soils, has been often recommended to provide evidence of the whole mixture. The aim of this thesis was to develop a Sewage Sludge Hazard Index (SSHI) based on short term and low cost bioassays, to be a complementary tool for the decisionmaking process of sewage sludge application to agricultural land. SSHI integrated results from Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia similis and seed elongation/germination test. Sewage Sludge Hazard Index (SSHI) was calculated as the natural logarithm of one plus the number of positive toxic responses multiplied by the average of the toxic units obtained in each bioassay. The index was calculated using data generated by CETESB from chemical and ecotoxicological characterization of 28 samples collected in 7 different wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of Sao Paulo State. SSHI was tested by assessing the percentage of samples non-compliances for indexranks, considering chemical thresholds of pollutants in sewage sludge from differents norms for agricultural use of sludge. All samples with SSHI above 2 (n = 15) had higher incidence of non-compliance then samples below 2 (n = 13). SSHI seems to be a good primary indicator of the hazard of sewage sludge samples, suggesting early approval or disapproval to agricultural use, also as a tool for monitoring and managing the quality of sludge, and for hazard communication
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Apperley, Sarah Ann. "Attitude dimensions and behavioural response towards the issue of environmental impact of domestic chemical products." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274234.
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Kopechek, Mary Elizabeth. "Variation in the Onset and Expression of Hazard Avoidance Behavior Across Three Breeds of Domestic dogs." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1268233077.
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Kennedy, Colleen Michelle. "Evaluating U.S. Counterterrorism Policy on Domestic Terrorism Using the Global Terrorism Database." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7396.
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The United States has a long history of domestic terrorism, yet U.S. counterterrorism policy has focused almost completely on the threat from international terrorism. The gap in the literature was the absence of an empirical evaluation of U.S. counterterrorism policy on domestic terrorism in general. The purpose of this quantitative study was to describe the impact of 21st century U.S. counterterrorism policy on incidence, lethality, and cost of domestic terrorism using data from the Global Terrorism Database. The multiple streams framework and the power elite theory were used. In this longitudinal trend study using secondary data analysis, domestic terrorism data were analyzed from 749 terrorist attacks using descriptive statistics, visual analysis, and the series hazard model to examine any changes in the frequency and hazard of domestic terrorism in relation to the following 5 policies: USA PATRIOT Act, USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act, Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act, Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act, and USA FREEDOM Act. The results empirically supported the greater threat of domestic terrorism and showed that domestic terrorism changed in relation to counterterrorism policy. Further, the addition of the series hazard model in the analysis of domestic terrorism following policy implementation added additional depth to the results. This study contributed to positive social change by providing policy makers and counterterrorism agencies with an empirical, evidence-based method for evaluating U.S. counterterrorism policy and for a non-partisan, non-political, evidence-based method for quantitatively determining terrorist threat.
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Al-Meshan, Odeh Muslem. "Location criteria for domestic and hazardous waste disposal to landfill in the Jordanian Badia using GIS." Thesis, Coventry University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418338.
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Kruis, Rianca. "Gevaarlike afval in huishoudelike afval : 'n gevallestudie / Rianca Kruis." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4972.
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Rapid population growth and urbanisation has resulted in a drastic increase in the
volume of waste produced by the World populace. The resulting pressure on the
country’s somewhat underdeveloped waste management infrastructure emphasizes the
need for waste management solutions which balance environmental protection with
economic sustainability.
Waste is seen as an unwanted or surplus by-product, emission or residue of any
process or activity which has been discarded, accumulated or stored for the purpose of
discarding or future processing. Hazardous waste is waste that may, by circumstance
of use, quantity, concentration or inherent physical, chemical or infectious
characteristics, cause ill-health or an increased mortality rate in humans, fauna and/or
flora. General waste on the other hand, is waste that does not pose an immediate
threat to human health or the environment. Currently household waste is considered
general waste even though it may contain hazardous components such as fluorescent
tubes and/or other household chemicals.
Promulgation of NEM: WA (no 59 of 2008) provides instruments for the implementation
of the steps taken by the Department of Environmental Affairs to improve waste
management in South Africa. Successful implementation and enforcement of the act
will place the country at the forefront of progressive international standards in waste
management. One of South Africa’s largest environmental and waste management
challenges remains the presence of historical, hazardous waste landfill sites.
Characterisation of the dangers that these sites pose to the environment is providing
extremely difficult and expensive, as is the ongoing maintenance and management of
these facilities – placing economic strain on national municipalities.
This study was done in two phases. The first related to the hazardous waste
components of household waste that is being dumped at landfill site and the methods of
classification, handling and dumping of hazardous waste have been investigated. All
the legislation was taken into consideration to see if the landfill sites comply with the
latest legislation. The second phase was a comparison between three landfill sites.
The management, work activities and general appearance of the sites have been
compared internally. Then a comparison have been done between the following landfill sites Kwaggasrand
landfill site in Tshwane, Weltevreden landfill site in Brakpan and an ideal landfill site
developed in accordance with the Minimum Requirements documents published by of
DEAT in 1998.Thesis (M.Sc. (Geography and Environmental Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Van, Rooyen Johan Anton. "A comprehensive system for managing reproductive failure in small domestic ruminants." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29709.
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The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system was used as a basis for describing a methodology for the management of reproduction in small ruminant flocks. The seven principles of the HACCP system are: - 1. Conduct a hazard analysis 2. Identify critical control points 3. Establish critical limits for each control point 4. Establish monitoring procedure 5. Establish corrective actions 6. Establish a record keeping procedure 7. Establish verification procedures.
- CC1. Ewe selection. Prior to Ewe preparation. Ewe selection data form
- CC2.Ram selection. Prior to Phase two of ram preparation. Ram selection data form
- CC3. Ewe preparation. Prior to start of mating (end of flushing period). Ewe preparation data form
- CC4. Ram preparation. Prior start of mating (end of flushing period). Ram preparation data form
- CC5. Joining. Start of mating period. Joining data form
- CC6. Mating. End of mating period. Mating data form
- CC7. Scan. >35 days after mating. Scan data form
- CC8. Rescan. ≥ 30 days after initial scanning. Rescan data form
- CC9. Pregnant. Prior to start of lambing. Pregnancy management data form
- CC10. Lambing. End of lambing period. Lambing data form
- CC11. Marking. After neonatal period. Marking data form
- CC12. Weaning. Separation of lambs from ewes. Weaning data form
- CC13. Ewe replacement. At ewe selection. Replacement maiden data form
- CC14. Ram replacement. At ram selection. Replacement ram data form
- CC15. Genital soundness. Prior to ram selection. Ram genital soundness data form
- CC16. Ram recovery. About 8 weeks after mating. Ram recovery data form
- CC17. Last day of lambing. About 146 days after end of joining. Last day of lambing data form.
- CC 18 Body condition score
- CC 19 Helminthic status
- CC 20 Nutritional status.
Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Production Animal Studies
unrestricted
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Yao, Po-Chun, and 姚柏峻. "A Comparison of ISO Standards to Domestic Regulations in Machinery Safety with an Implementation in Drawing-in Hazards Elimination." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55761686718647131113.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程所
97
The study compare the differences between the employers comply with Labor Safety Sanitation Facilities Regulation and the manufacturers measure ISO of machinery safety design to improve the machinery safety. By improving drawing-in hazards on the aluminum foil roll machine as a case. Over the past decades, there were lots of revolutionary changes in the industrial technology. A large number of automated machineries were used to replace manpower for the manufacture, production due to its excellent efficiency and high reliability. However, the more diversified machines and equipments were used, the more complex and serious types of the occupational accidents were occurred. According to the survey of occupational accidents in Taiwan, the number of occupational accidents caused by machinery is higher than that caused by the other sectors, and "Drawing-in" is the most frequency one based on the type classified. The result shows that the efforts of implementation of safe design measures based on the risk assessment conducted in the early stage of machine design and the ISO machinery safety design norms is better than that of subsequent improvement of the existed machine without safe design consideration. If the initial control orientation is embedded in domestic system with the amending the related laws and importing the ISO standards, the proposed mechanical safety design process will enhance the domestic machinery safety for manufacturers.
Books on the topic "Domestic hazards"
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Mondo Publishing (U.S.) and Reading Safari (U.S.), eds. Do not touch. New York: Mondo, 2000.
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Forum on Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies: Domestic and International (5th 1994 Chicago, Ill.). Abstract proceedings: Fifth Forum on Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies, Domestic and International, Chicago, Illinois, May 3-5, 1994. Washington, DC: Technology Innovation Office, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994.
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Domestic preparedness: Law, policy, and national security. Durham, N.C: Carolina Academic Press, 2012.
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Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) and United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response., eds. Forum on Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies, Domestic and International, Atlanta, Georgia, June 19-21, 1989: Technical papers. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development ; Washington, DC, 1989.
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Forum, on Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies: Domestic and International (1989 Atlanta Ga ). Forum on Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies, Domestic and International, Atlanta, Georgia, June 19-21, 1989: Technical papers. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development ; Washington, DC, 1989.
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Forum, on Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies: Domestic and International (1989 Atlanta Ga ). Forum on Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies, Domestic and International, Atlanta, Georgia, June 19-21, 1989: Technical papers. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development ; Washington, DC, 1989.
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Canada, Canada Environment. Domestic substances list: Registry number index = : Liste interieure des substances : index des numéros de registre. Ottawa: Ministry of Supply and Services Canada, 1991.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Technology Innovation Office and Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Abstract proceedings: Fourth Forum on Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies, Domestic and International : San Francisco, CA, November 17-19, 1992. Washington, DC: Technology Innovation Office, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Technology Innovation Office and Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Technical papers: Third Forum on Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies, Domestic and International : Dallas, TX, June 11-13, 1991. Washington, DC: Technology Innovation Office, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Domestic hazards"
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Matsumura, Fumio. "Hazards to Man and Domestic Animals." In Toxicology of Insecticides, 489–576. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2491-1_11.
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Al-Dabbagh, Mona, and Simon Dobson. "Infectious Hazards from Pets and Domestic Animals." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 261–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7185-2_18.
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Beckford, Clinton L., and Donovan R. Campbell. "Climate Change, Hazard Vulnerability, Food Production, and Food Security in the Caribbean." In Domestic Food Production and Food Security in the Caribbean, 125–35. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137296993_10.
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Beckford, Clinton L., and Donovan R. Campbell. "Hazard Mitigation: Caribbean Small-Scale Farmers’ Coping and Adaptation Strategies for Hurricanes and Drought." In Domestic Food Production and Food Security in the Caribbean, 137–51. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137296993_11.
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Mamine, Nedjma, Fadila Khaldi, and Nedjoud Grara. "Typha Latifolia as a Tool for Biomonitoring of Hazardous Domestic Effluents." In Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience, 191–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08325-9_11.
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Enespa and Prem Chandra. "Aflatoxins: Food Safety, Human Health Hazards and Their Prevention." In Aflatoxins [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96647.
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Aflatoxins (AFTs) are group of secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, and Emericella nidulans. AFTs contaminate foods, feeds, other raw ingredients used to produce them and that pose a significant threat to human health. These toxins designated as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and aflatoxin M2 (AFM2) are hydroxylated metabolites form of AFB1 and AFB2 are known as difuranocoumarin compounds. Naturally, these AFs have carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects and caused several metabolic disorders such as aflatoxicosis in domestic animals and humans worldwide. For the increasing in cancer incidences these risk factors are liable. AFB1 is 1000 times more potent hepatocarcinogen found in food then benzo (α) pyrene carcinogen. This chapter offers contamination sources, effects and their controlling approaches to confirm the food safety.
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Reilly, James. "Conclusion." In Orchestration, 162–74. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197526347.003.0008.
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This book shows that Chinese leaders are able to effectively orchestrate their economic statecraft. China’s distinctive approach originates with domestic ideas and institutions. Across four cases, China’s orchestration combined delegation with incentives, attracted participation by regional authorities and enterprises, and facilitated interest alignment among implementing actors. Beijing thus successfully mobilized domestic actors to expand trade and investment. When problems with enterprise malfeasance, policy stretching, and moral hazards emerged, central leaders proved capable of reversing course. After reiterating these core findings, this chapter explains how Beijing’s economic statecraft exacerbated populist anxieties, undermining key policy objectives. For countries targeted by China’s economic statecraft, the policy implications are broadly reassuring. It concludes by comparing China’s approach with the United States, Germany, and Japan, and suggesting several paths forward for future studies in comparative economic statecraft.
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Alagawany, Mahmoud, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad S. Khan, Asghar A. Kamboh, Faisal Siddique, Ali Raza, Mayada R. Farag, and Samir Mahgoub. "Hazards of Using Antibiotic Growth Promoters in the Poultry Industry." In Antibiotic Alternatives in Poultry and Fish Feed, 1–18. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815049015122010004.
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The poultry industry is one of the significant hubs of the livestock industry and the world's largest food industry. In the last 50 years, it has become common to observe poultry antibiotic feeding to treat disease and growth. Antibiotics inhibit the growth of toxic and beneficial microorganisms. They are used as growth promoters when given in adjunctive therapy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that fifty million pounds of antibiotics will be produced each year in the USA. Forty percent of the total antibiotics produced will be used in agriculture. 11 million pounds are used for the poultry sector and 24 million for domestic and wild animals. Ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, tylosin, tetracycline, virginiamycin, tilmicos, nitrofuran and sulfamids are used as growth promoters in the poultry industry globally. Antibacterial residues are found in various parts of poultry birds, e.g., kidney, heart, gizzard, liver, chest, thigh muscles, albumin and egg yolk. These residues may directly or indirectly produce many health concerns in human beings, such as toxic effects in the liver, brain, bone marrow, kidney, allergic reaction, mutagenicity, reproductive abnormalities and gastrointestinal tract leading to indigestion. In addition, resistant strains of pathogenic microbes pose an indirect threat to antibacterial residues that can spread to humans and contaminate residual fertilizers used as plant fertilizers. This chapter describes the benefits and contraindications of The poultry industry is one of the significant hubs of the livestock industry and the world's largest food industry. In the last 50 years, it has become common to observe poultry antibiotic feeding to treat disease and growth. Antibiotics inhibit the growth of toxic and beneficial microorganisms. They are used as growth promoters when given in adjunctive therapy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that fifty million pounds of antibiotics will be produced each year in the USA. Forty percent of the total antibiotics produced will be used in agriculture. 11 million pounds are used for the poultry sector and 24 million for domestic and wild animals. Ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, tylosin, tetracycline, virginiamycin, tilmicos, nitrofuran and sulfamids are used as growth promoters in the poultry industry globally. Antibacterial residues are found in various parts of poultry birds, e.g., kidney, heart, gizzard, liver, chest, thigh muscles, albumin and egg yolk. These residues may directly or indirectly produce many health concerns in human beings, such as toxic effects in the liver, brain, bone marrow, kidney, allergic reaction, mutagenicity, reproductive abnormalities and gastrointestinal tract leading to indigestion. In addition, resistant strains of pathogenic microbes pose an indirect threat to antibacterial residues that can spread to humans and contaminate residual fertilizers used as plant fertilizers. This chapter describes the benefits and contraindications of antibiotics used as growth promoters and the toxic effects of antimicrobial residues in poultry and humans.
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Fentiman, Linda C. "How Healthy Are America’s Children?" In Blaming Mothers. NYU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814724828.003.0003.
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This chapter notes that, in a historical context, American children are generally quite healthy. Nevertheless, when compared with other economically developed countries, today the United States falls short, especially in measures of infant mortality, preterm birth, and childhood injury and death. This can be attributed in large part to class- and race-based disparities, as well as to stressors, such as environmental hazards, physical and sexual abuse, domestic violence, and substance abuse and mental illness. The American legal system has largely taken a hands-off approach to many of these problems, and children have suffered as a result.
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Meiton, Fredrik. "Electrical Jerusalem." In Electrical Palestine, 188–208. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520295889.003.0007.
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Chapter 6 is devoted to the domestication of electricity in the 1940s and the emergence of new sociopolitical friction points. With the economic upturn of the war years, electricity entered people’s homes, and the appliances it powered became essential to daily life. It created new categories of crime, such as electricity theft, and new public and domestic hazards, such as electrocution. Electricity flowed through some communities, uniting them, and between others, marking their separation. Most notably, the rolling blackouts in effect during World War II became a flashpoint of social, political, and economic conflict, as inhabitants throughout the country had come to rely on electricity for such public goods as policing, medical treatment, religious practice, and commerce.
Conference papers on the topic "Domestic hazards"
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Kasangana, K. K., T. Makonese, and D. M. Masekameni. "Knowledge and perceptions of hazards associated with traditional cooking and heating fuels." In 2018 International Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy (DUE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/due.2018.8384409.
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Bhatt, Hema, and Promila Sharma. "Occupational Hazards Faced by the Agricultural Hill Population." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100173.
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Hill terrains have always posed enormous challenges for human habitation. India, being a vast subcontinent, has an extensive area of hilly terrain. This paper highlights the challenges faced and the need of improving the occupational safety of hill population. For the present investigation data was collected purposively from Bageshwar and Almora districts of the Uttarakhand state in India. t was reported that hill women performed various tasks including on farm activities like harvesting, weeding, land preparation, transplanting, sowing. The main off farm activities performed by them include making firewood, making fodder, carrying firewood, carrying fodder, carrying milk/food. The domestic activities performed by them include cooking, washing, mopping, milking, collecting dung. It was found that almost 96 per cent of these tasks were found to be performed by women only while men did just the 4 per cent of these tasks. While performing these tasks the hazards reported by the respondents were attack of wild animal, slip/trip/falls, fog, flood, temperature extremities, torrential rain, earthquake, thunderstorm, snowfall, landslide, road accidents, and forest fire.
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Santiago Silva, Virginia, Kennya G. S. Lopes, Giovani R. Bertani, Edmilson F. de Oliveira-Filho, Iara M. Trevisol, Beatris Kramer, Arlei Coldebella, and Laura H. V. G. Gil. "Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in domestic non-commercial pigs reared in small-scale farms and wild boar in South of Brazil." In Safe Pork 2015: Epidemiology and control of hazards in pork production chain. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-351.
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Wei-dong, Liu, Dai Hong-wei, Peng Peng-yi, Zhang Ze-feng, and Wang En-qi. "Study on the Technical Method of Level 2 Probabilistic Safety Assessment in Multiple External Hazards Compound Situations." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66752.
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The article introduces the method of level 2 probabilistic safety assessment in multiple external hazards compound situations, and the application of probabilistic safety assessment technology in building a Level 2 probabilistic safety assessment model for a domestic nuclear power plant under such circumstances. This model can be used to quantitatively evaluate important risk indicators like the frequency of a large release of radionuclides, frequency of occurrence of each release category, in order to identify weaknesses of nuclear power plants in responding to risks. Corresponding risk insights are provided to enhance the safety of nuclear power plants.
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Cockle, John. "Risk Acceptance and Application of the Common Safety Method in the United States." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5747.
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The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) that will require passenger rail operators in the United States to develop a System Safety Program using a risk-based hazard management approach. Identified as 49 CFR, Part 270 System Safety Rule [1], the NPRM describes the basic requirements for a system safety program plan, including the need for a method for accepting risk. The NPRM does not, however, identify how the responsible party should actually go about managing risk. That is left up to the railways themselves. In Europe, hazard management is applied in the railroad industry (including high-speed rail systems) under the regulatory authority of the European Union. European Commission Regulation 352/2009/EC [2] outlines a Common Safety Method (CSM) on Risk Evaluation and Assessment for Railways of the European Union, commonly known as the CSM Regulation and the heart of the railway safety program in Europe. The CSM Regulation includes the standard risk assessment process elements: identification of the hazards, corresponding risks, mitigation measures to reduce the risk, and the resulting safety requirements to be fulfilled by the system under assessment. What sets the CSM Regulation apart from other risk assessment programs is that it provides a methodology for determining when acceptable risk is achieved. The risk acceptability of the system under assessment is evaluated using one or more of the following risk acceptance principles: a) The application of relevant codes of practice; b) A comparison with similar systems (reference systems); c) Explicit risk estimation. In essence, the responsible party can accept risk that has either been regulated to an acceptable level by an authority having jurisdiction or a widely-accepted industry practice, or if the risk has been successfully addressed by a similar railway system through that railway’s engineering and operational controls. If neither of these cases applies the responsible party can estimate the risk and choose to accept it or not. A common approach, even internationally, is to develop an explicit risk estimation process based on the U.S. Department of Defense Military Standard 882E (MIL-STD-882E) [3]. Safety hazards are identified, analyzed for risk (severity and probability), and mitigations are progressively applied until a level of safety is achieved that is as low as reasonably practicable. The California High-Speed Rail Authority (CHSRA) has adopted a risk-based hazard management program to achieve an acceptable level of safety for the design, construction, implementation and operation of the California High-Speed Rail System. CHSRA has deliberately used both domestic and international guidance and standards in the development of this program in an effort to apply the most up-to-date processes and philosophies, and to draw upon the impressive safety legacy of international high-speed railway operators. This paper will describe the relevant regulations and guidance (both domestically and internationally), review the elements of a risk acceptance program based upon the CSM Regulation, and apply the program to a select set of hazards to demonstrate how appropriate mitigations can be determined and residual risk accepted. The paper will also identify potential future applications for the CSM Regulation here in the United States, and will challenge the reader to manage hazards using a risk-based approach that incorporates the basic framework of the CSM Regulation.
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Yue, Wang, Zhan Lechang, Ma Wenjuan, Zhang Yongxin, and Ma Li. "Research on Approval of Domestic and International Transport Container Application of Radioactive Material." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66279.
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Due to the potentially dangerous properties of radioactive material, it is during the transport that the process of nuclear energy and technology uses are prone to nuclear and radiation accidents. Radioactive material hence must be transported with reasonable containers to achieve heat dissipation, confinement of radioactive material, radiation shielding and prevention of nuclear criticality. The key to transport safety lies in the designing and manufacturing quality of the transport containers. Therefore, the safety supervision for transport containers of radioactive material is a guarantee for the environment and the public from nuclear and radiation hazards, also is international general practice. As the most authoritative international organization, International Atomic Energy Agenda (IAEA) draws up and regularly revises safety regulation ‘Regulation for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material’, which proposes technical indicators for transport containers of radioactive material and responsibility of competent authorities. According to the transport modes, other international organizations, such as International Maritime Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Air Transport Association, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, enacted related transport safety regulations based on actual needs. This paper introduces the administrative licensing approval process for the transport containers of radioactive material in China and the research on competent authority and approval procedure in American, Russia, France, Canada, Germany and Great Britain. In China, National Nuclear Safe Administration (NNSA) is responsible for the licensing approval for the transport containers of radioactive material, including designing, manufacturing, using and transporting of transport containers. NNSA also organizes and formulates relevant administrative regulations and approval procedures, and has issued administrative regulation ‘Regulation on the Safe Management for the Transport of Radioactive Material’ and a series of administrative rules, management procedures, guide, technical documents and so on. These regulations established the sort management of radioactive materials and the responsibility for competent authority, and also stipulated approval and supervision for transport and transport containers of radioactive materials. While some other countries, such as America, certifies the transport containers of radioactive material to achieve the control. The domestic and overseas research into administrative licensing approval processes for transport containers is in view of the increasing transport of radioactive material among countries and the requirement of international transport. Transport containers with material of high potential risk, such as spent fuel, need to obtain the transport approval from the competent authority of transit or arrival country. Therefore, the research on domestic and other countries licensing management of transport containers of radioactive material, which is not only beneficial to improving the transport safety management of radioactive material in China, but also can promote international transport campaigns of radioactive material..
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Kunze, Jay F., James M. Mahar, Kellen M. Giraud, and Carl W. Myers. "Underground Siting of Nuclear Power Plants: Enhancing Safety and Reducing Construction Cost." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31179.
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It has been shown, in a number of papers presented by the authors, that the construction of a nuclear power park underground, involving a number (six or more) of conventional Generation III+ LWR units, plus reprocessing, fuel re-manufacturing, and waste storage facilities is cost effective (both capital construction cost and operating costs) compared to the construction of similar facilities above ground (even if all such facilities are co-located). These papers have addressed the protection provided for both security from domestic acts of terror and natural hazards, and the ultimate containment of nuclear contamination in the event of accidents. However, as a result of the Fukushima tsunami and its effect on the six reactors at that location, issues are raised concerning the worst possible accident scenarios that could occur as a result of siting of nuclear plants underground. This paper addresses those highly unlikely events, with extremely low probabilities of occurrence, and shows that the effect of underground siting has advantages has over at ground locations.
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Ale, B. J. M. "The Explosion of a Fireworks Storage Facility and its Causes." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/sera-24014.
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Abstract On 13 may 2000 an explosion occurred in a fireworks storage and trading facility in Enschede, the Netherlands. Twenty-two people were killed and some 900 injured. The material damage was approximately 400 MEuro. Immediately after the accident an investigation was started into the causes of the accident. Special attention was given to the unexpected violence of the explosion. The investigative committee installed by the Government used results and advice of domestic and international institutes to obtain results. It appeared that the firm had a long history of violating permits, that the city had legalised these violations and that inspectorates and state institutions were not aware of the hazards thus created. Especially the importance of the correct classification of the fireworks and of the storage of the correct types and quantities went unnoticed. As a result prior to May 13 2000 most of the fireworks stored at the premises were more powerful than the labels indicated and in fact a significant part of the storage was mass-explosive contrary to the current permit.
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Renze, Wang, Zhang Jiangang, Yang Yapeng, Feng Zongyang, Jia Linsheng, Wang Ning, Liu Yining, and Liang Boning. "Emergency Action Level Study in Reprocessing Facility." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16052.
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Abstract The safety characteristics and potential hazards of reprocessing facilities are different from those of nuclear power plants (NPPs). Emergency action level (EAL) development is an important aspect of emergency preparedness, and EAL is an important basis for emergency response of reprocessing facilities. EAL quantitative research can enhance its operability. At present, the domestic and foreign literature, generally only gave the principle method for EAL development. There are no operational guidance documents for specific EAL quantification in reprocessing facilities. According to the features of the functions and configurations of the reprocessing facilities, two additional categories EAL, E category for the spent fuel pool accident and W category for the high level liquid waste tank accident, have been added. Meanwhile, four categories-S, F, A, H are retained with similar implication as NPPs. On the basis of existing principles and practical experience, specially the reference from DOE G 151.1-1A, EAL quantification was developed according to the characteristics and symptoms related to the safety of reprocessing facilities. EAL quantification for several accidents was developed, and it was with good maneuverability. The study for EAL quantification in reprocessing facilities shows that, quantitative, indicative, practical EALs can make emergency response more accurate and efficient, and ongoing research is strongly requisite.
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Ciaraldi, Stephen W., and Bill Hedges. "Restoring Integrity to Aged Petroleum Production Facilities." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51024.
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BP and its local predecessor Amoco have produced oil and gas off the east coast of Trinidad for over 30 years. This production originates from eight offshore fields and is transported to onshore terminals through an extensive pipeline network. Gas is further shipped for domestic use or LNG production. Oil is temporarily stored onshore and then tanker loaded for export. Despite excellent business success for the operator and nation, maturing production, long service time and constrained resources have taken a toll on the technical integrity of facilities. In late 2000, a major program to restore integrity was developed, resourced and implementation begun. The restoration strategy was based on a four-step process involving assess, restore, upgrade and sustain. The program addresses the technical integrity of all assets including offshore topsides, subsea structures/pipelines, onshore terminals, tankage and oil/gas exports systems. It also included enhancements to process safety protective systems and development of a comprehensive major accident hazards management system. This paper outlines the many problems, solutions, challenges and successes of the integrity restoration program. It describes the required organizational commitment to a multi-year improvement campaign and a shared vision of sustained, world-class integrity management. In its third year, the program has had significant accomplishments, although there is still much to do. Overall, it has been a strong contributor to continued business success both now and into the future.
Reports on the topic "Domestic hazards"
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Erkamo, Sanna, Karoliina Pilli-Sihvola, Atte Harjanne, and Heikki Tuomenvirta. Climate Security and Finland – A Review on Security Implications of Climate Change from the Finnish Perspective. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361362.
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This report describes the effects of climate change for Finland from the view of comprehensive security. The report examines both direct and indirect climate security risks as well as transition risks related to climate change mitigation. The report is based on previous research and expert interviews. Direct security risks refer to the immediate risks caused by the changing nature of natural hazards. These include the risks to critical infrastructure and energy systems, the logistics system, health and food security. Indirect security risks relate to the potential economic, political and geopolitical impacts of climate change. Climate change can affect global migration, increase conflict risk, and cause social tensions and inequality. Transition risks are related to economic and technological changes in energy transition, as well as political and geopolitical tensions and social problems caused by climate change mitigation policies. Reducing the use of fossil fuels can result in domestic and foreign policy tensions and economic pressure especially in locations dependent on fossil fuels. Political tension can also increase the risks associated with hybrid and information warfare. The security effects of climate change affect all sectors of society and the Finnish comprehensive security model should be utilized in preparing for them. In the short run, the most substantial arising climate change related security risks in Finland are likely to occur through indirect or transition risks. Finland, similar to other wealthy countries, has better technological, economic and institutional conditions to deal with the problems and risks posed by climate change than many other countries. However, this requires political will and focus on risk reduction and management.
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Cannon, Mariah, and Pauline Oosterhoff. Tired and Trapped: Life Stories from Cotton Millworkers in Tamil Nadu. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.002.
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Labour abuse in the garment industry has been widely reported. This qualitative research explores the lived experiences in communities with bonded labour in Tamil Nadu, India. We conducted a qualitative expert-led analysis of 301 life stories of mostly women and girls. We also explore the differences and similarities between qualitative expert-led and participatory narrative analyses of life stories of people living near to and working in the spinning mills. Our findings show that the young female workforce, many of whom entered the workforce as children, are seen and treated as belonging – body, mind and soul – to others. Their stories confirm the need for a feminist approach to gender, race, caste and work that recognises the complexity of power. Oppression and domination have material, psychological and emotional forms that go far beyond the mill. Almost all the girls reported physical and psychological exhaustion from gendered unpaid domestic work, underpaid hazardous labour, little sleep, poor nutrition and being in unhealthy environments.
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Splitter, Gary A., Menachem Banai, and Jerome S. Harms. Brucella second messenger coordinates stages of infection. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7699864.bard.
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Aim 1: To determine levels of this second messenger in: a) B. melitensiscyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate-regulating mutants (BMEI1448, BMEI1453, and BMEI1520), and b) B. melitensis16M (wild type) and mutant infections of macrophages and immune competent mice. (US lab primary) Aim 2: To determine proteomic differences between Brucelladeletion mutants BMEI1453 (high cyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate, chronic persistent state) and BMEI1520 (low cyclicdimericguanosinemonophosphate, acute virulent state) compared to wild type B. melitensisto identify the role of this second messenger in establishing the two polar states of brucellosis. (US lab primary with synergistic assistance from the Israel lab Aim 3: Determine the level of Brucellacyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate and transcriptional expression from naturally infected placenta. (Israel lab primary with synergistic assistance from the US lab). B. Background Brucellaspecies are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause brucellosis, the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide. Brucellosis is characterized by increased abortion, weak offspring, and decreased milk production in animals. Humans are infected with Brucellaby consuming contaminated milk products or via inhalation of aerosolized bacteria from occupational hazards. Chronic human infections can result in complications such as liver damage, orchitis, endocarditis, and arthritis. Brucellaspp. have the ability to infect both professional and non-professional phagocytes. Because of this, Brucellaencounter varied environments both throughout the body and within a cell and must adapt accordingly. To date, few virulence factors have been identified in B. melitensisand even less is known about how these virulence factors are regulated. Subsequently, little is known about how Brucellaadapt to its rapidly changing environments, and how it alternates between acute and chronic virulence. Our studies suggest that decreased concentrations of cyclic dimericguanosinemonophosphate (c-di-GMP) lead to an acute virulent state and increased concentrations of c-di-GMP lead to persistent, chronic state of B. melitensisin a mouse model of infection. We hypothesize that B. melitensisuses c-di-GMP to transition from the chronic state of an infected host to the acute, virulent stage of infection in the placenta where the bacteria prepare to infect a new host. Studies on environmental pathogens such as Vibrio choleraeand Pseudomonas aeruginosasupport a mechanism where changes in c-di-GMP levels cause the bacterium to alternate between virulent and chronic states. Little work exists on understanding the role of c-di-GMP in dangerous intracellular pathogens, like Brucellathat is a frequent pathogen in Israeli domestic animals and U.S. elk and bison. Brucellamust carefully regulate virulence factors during infection of a host to ensure proper expression at appropriate times in response to host cues. Recently, the novel secondary signaling molecule c-di-GMP has been identified as a major component of bacterial regulation and we have identified c-di-GMP as an important signaling factor in B. melitensishost adaptation. C. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements 1. The B. melitensis1453 deletion mutant has increased c-di-GMP, while the 1520 deletion mutant has decreased c-di-GMP. 2. Both mutants grow similarly in in vitro cultures; however, the 1453 mutant has a microcolony phenotype both in vitro and in vivo 3. The 1453 mutant has increased crystal violet staining suggesting biofilm formation. 4. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an abnormal coccus appearance with in increased cell area. 5. Proteomic analysis revealed the 1453 mutant possessed increased production of proteins involved in cell wall processes, cell division, and the Type IV secretion system, and a decrease in proteins involved in amino acid transport/metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid production, and iron acquisition suggesting less preparedness for intracellular survival. 6. RNAseq analysis of bone marrow derived macrophages infected with the mutants revealed the host immune response is greatly reduced with the 1453 mutant infection. These findings support that microlocalization of proteins involved in c-di-GMP homeostasis serve a second messenger to B. melitensisregulating functions of the bacteria during infection of the host.
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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-92-157-2304, The General Castings Co. - Domestic Division, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta921572304.
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Rethinking risk in times of COVID-19. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wskw1341.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has been tremendously difficult for many people across the globe. What was initially viewed as a health crisis affected societies to their core, many of which were already grappling with the devastating effects of climate change, as well as other challenges such as political instability and conflict. While each of these crises has its own identifiable causes, the increasingly interconnected nature of our world means that these shocks or hazards and the knock-on effects from them cannot be viewed in isolation. Indeed, the number of record-breaking disasters witnessed over the past years and their cascading effects across sectors and borders have illuminated those interconnections as never before. Similarly, interconnections became very visible whenCOVID-19 started to spread around the globe. The unfolding pandemic prompted a range of policy measures to limit the spread of the virus and avoid health systems becoming overwhelmed. Yet the effects of these measures, including stay-at-ho-me orders and shutdown of public life, while highly important to prevent health system collapse and reduce COVID-19 fatalities, hit the most vulnerable the hardest. Underlying vulnerabilities such as poverty, precarious jobs in the informal economy, lack of access to education and, structural gender biases were exacerbated by the pandemic. This report sheds light on the complexity of risks in a highly interconnected world, and present lessons for risk management. Focusing on COVID-19, it shows how, through the interconnectedness of societies and the underlying vulnerabilities within them, the direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic have revealed the systemic nature of risk. Through a case study approach, it demonstrates how the pandemic triggered a multitude of impacts far beyond the direct health crisis, including joblessness, debt, civil and domestic violence and the derailment of their children’s education, among many others. In many locations, women suffered disproportionately, whether as a result of bias in employment patterns or other pre-existing gender biases in society. Drawing on insights from different case studies across the world, this report also offers lessons from the pandemic for understanding risk more systemically, and presents recommendations for risk management moving forward.