Journal articles: 'Domestic hazards'

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Ames, S., and D. Crowhurst. "Domestic explosion hazards from small LPG containers." Journal of Hazardous Materials 19, no. 2 (January 1988): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(88)85049-0.

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Zechter, Joyce Faith, and Tee L. Guidotti. "Occupational hazards of domestic workers providing home care." Public Health 101, no. 4 (July 1987): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3506(87)80079-3.

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Jie, Wang, Wang Hao, Yao Weiling, Wang Haiqing, and Li Li. "Application of domestic high-resolution satellite data On Geological Hazard Monitoring in Coal Mining Areas." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185303008.

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Rapid development of remote sensing technology has become an important means of geological hazards monitoring. Domestic high- resolution satellite data such as TH-1, ZY-3, GF1/2 and BJ-2, because of its high quality and low price, are more and more widely used in the field of geology. However, there are still some problems in data processing and the research on domestic satellite data in coal mining geological hazards monitoring is not much. So it needs further research and application. This paper aims to establish a set of technology scheme for dynamic monitoring and analysis of geological hazards in coal mining collapse area based on domestic high-resolution satellite. We selected the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Midong District of Urumqi where geological disasters are more serious as the study area, compared and analyzed the domestic high-resolution satellite images based on the TH-1 (2014), GF-1 (2015), BJ-2 (2016). This paper identified dynamic change of geologic hazard, set up the symbol of interpretation, evaluated and explored the practicability of land disaster investigation and dynamic monitoring with domestic high-resolution satellite. Based on the dynamic monitoring with domestic high-resolution satellite data from 2014 to 2016, we found that the geological disasters such as ground collapse and ground cracks are increasing. We suggest that it should be planned first, and exploitation should be scientific. It is necessary to strengthen the restoration of governance.

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Wehbe, Rania, and Isam Shahrour. "Indoor hazards management using digital technology." MATEC Web of Conferences 281 (2019): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928101013.

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Management of indoor hazards constitutes a great challenge for buildings design, construction and operating. The question is how to reduce both buildings vulnerability to indoor hazards and the impact of the latter on occupants and buildings integrity. Indoor hazards could result from different source such as fire, air pollution, water and gas leak, domestic accidents, appliances hazards, intrusion and break-out. Standards are already established for safety buildings design. However, in the operating phase, both occupants and buildings managers are subjected to serious indoor hazards, which could lead to significant human and material damages. The development of the digital technology such as Internet of Things (IoT), communication technology, indoor smart monitoring and Building Information Modeling (BIM) offers a great opportunity to improve indoor safety. This paper presents the indoor hazards and how the smart technology could help in improving the indoor hazard management.

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Zeoli, April M., and Amy Bonomi. "Pretty in Pink? Firearm Hazards for Domestic Violence Victims." Women's Health Issues 25, no. 1 (January 2015): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2014.09.005.

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Mondal, Jaita. "A Review on Mechanical & Physical Hazards at Domestic Kitchen." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 2, no. 1 (February 22, 2012): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v2i1.5920.

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Kitchen is one of the most important aspects in our life. We wait eagerly for the delicious foodstuffs of our kitchenette. However, many simple but repetitive kitchen activities can be a threat to our health. Such as peeling potatoes, chopping, and picking up heavy pots and kettles, overstretching to reach to utensils or ingredients etc. can cause or aggravate pain & discomfort in hand, wrist, elbow, shoulder and neck (Physical hazards). Musculoskeletal problems are not only the one, but various accidents also happen in domestic kitchen (Mechanical Hazards). Traumatic and repetitive injuries related to kitchen tasks include lacerations, cut, slips & falls, tendonitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, thermal strains, burn etc. Those menaces generally occur due to poor ergonomics, as poor work practices, poor quality equipment and poorly maintained equipment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v2i1.5920 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012) 7-10

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Whitworth, Kristina W., Brenda Berumen-Flucker, George L. Delclos, Sonia Fragoso, Claudia Mata, and David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras. "Job hazards and respiratory symptoms in Hispanic female domestic cleaners." Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 75, no. 2 (April 29, 2019): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2019.1606774.

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Millman, Caroline, Dan Rigby, Davey Jones, and Gareth Edwards-Jones. "A real-time test of food hazard awareness." British Food Journal 117, no. 8 (August 3, 2015): 2112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-09-2014-0317.

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Purpose – Food poisoning attributable to the home generates a large disease burden, yet is an unregulated and largely unobserved domain. Investigating food safety awareness and routine practices is fraught with difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to develop and apply a new survey tool to elicit awareness of food hazards. Data generated by the approach are analysed to investigate the impact of oberservable heterogeneity on food safety awareness. Design/methodology/approach – The authors develop a novel Watch-and-Click survey tool to assess the level of awareness of a set of hazardous food safety behaviours in the domestic kitchen. Participants respond to video footage stimulus, in which food hazards occur, via mouse clicks/screen taps. This real-time response data is analysed via estimation of count and logit models to investigate how hazard identification patterns vary over observable characteristics. Findings – User feedback regarding the Watch-and-Click tool approach is extremely positive. Substantive results include significantly higher hazard awareness among the under 60s. People who thought they knew more than the average person did indeed score higher but people with food safety training/experience did not. Vegetarians were less likely to identify four of the five cross-contamination hazards they observed. Originality/value – A new and engaging survey tool to elicit hazard awareness with real-time scores and feedback is developed, with high levels of user engagement and stakeholder interest. The approach may be applied to elicit hazard awareness in a wide range of contexts including education, training and research.

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Mahto, Purnima, Viraj Dubey, and Jaya Panhotra. "INDOOR AIR POLLUTION: HEALTH HAZARDS AND TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE THE HAZARDOUS EFFECTS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3155.

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Industrial progress and ubiquitous technological adoption are major contributing factors to air pollution in developed countries. Air pollution is equally serious in rural and urban areas of our country. In rural India, majority of women use bio mass fuel (unprocessed fuel) for cooking and heating that causes lots of indoor pollution. Rural women heavily depend on fuel wood and bio mass fuels for cooking activity in which concomitant release of hazardous smoke is a major problem especially in poorly ventilated closed kitchen space. Women and children who spend major part of their time indoors are more prone to be affected by the smoke released by fuel wood burning. To reduce the harmful / hazardous effect of smoke, the intervention of improved technologies like smokeless stoves, domestic biogas plant, processed bio mass fuels (Charring and Briquetting) may be made available to rural parts in India.

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Li, Haochuan, Ziye Gu, Jie Chen, Jiabo Yin, and Lei Gu. "Severe Socioeconomic Exposures Due to Enhanced Future Compound Flood-Heat Extreme Hazards in China." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122089.

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As the climate warms, a new hazard, compound flood-heat extreme (CFH) events, characterized by the rapid succession of devastating floods and deadly heat (or vice-versa), are becoming increasingly frequent, threatening infrastructure and ecosystems. However, how this CFH hazard will change under future anthropogenic warming in China and their potential population and economic exposures remains unexamined. Here, we systematically quantify the projected changes in bivariate CHF hazards for 187 catchments in China during the 2071–2100 period relative to the 1985–2014 period and investigate the potential population and gross domestic product (GDP) exposure, by developing a climatic-hydrological-socioeconomic modelling chain. We find that there is a nationwide increase in CFH hazards and the historical 30-year CFH episodes are projected to increase by 10 times in southern catchments. Under the synergistic impacts of changing CFH episodes and population (GDP), a mass of people in southern (0.79–2.13 thousand/km2) and eastern (1.68 thousand/km2) catchments and an enormous sum of GDP in eastern catchments (400–912 million/km2) will be exposed to increasing CFH hazards. Our results highlight the necessity of improving both societal resilience and mitigation solutions to address such weather-related hazards.

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Liu, Xia, and Hong Qi Luo. "Research on the Harm Mechanism and Related Standards of Children's Toys." Advanced Materials Research 1037 (October 2014): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1037.565.

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Mechanical and chemical hazards are the main hazards to children's toys. The current situation of quality hazards and damage mechanism of children's toys was analyzed and the current standards at home and abroad were introduced. The domestic and foreign recall notification, standard comparison and national supervision were deeply discussed. Researching toys’ potential hazards risk, improving the risk assessment research, standardizing production and marking behavior, and strengthening t consumer education were suggested.

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Nguyễn Tuấn, Anh, Kỳ Nguyễn Minh, and Hải Nguyễn Ninh. "Risk assessment and management in domestic water supply system in Pleiku city – Gia Lai province." Journal of Science and Technology Issue on Information and Communications Technology 17, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/jst-ud2018-366.

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Water is essential for maintaining life, ensuring a safe and continuous supply of water, therefore, it should be given the priority for concerns. Developing countries often face a number of problems with domestic water supply systems such as treatment plants with old technologies, degraded equipment leading to inefficient treatment, and a network of degraded piping, which could cause re-pollution of treated water during transport. Pleiku city, which is located in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, has built two treatment plants and a network of water supply pipelines in the core area. An analysis of the current state of the water supply system including water supply, treatment plant and pipeline system helps identify existing problems in the system. Through mixed methods, hazards or hazardous events are identified as a basis for risk assessment by using semi – quantitative method to assess raw risk and residual risk for each hazard. Priority risks are identified to focus on proposing the possible solutions that will improve the performance and management of domestic water supply systems.

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Zhao, Xiande, Daming Dong, Wengang Zheng, Leizi Jiao, and Pengcheng Han. "The application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in domestic detergent residues detection." RSC Advances 5, no. 108 (2015): 89164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra13406d.

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Adeyemi, H. O. "Development of an intelligent ergonomic model for Hazards predictions in Domestic Tasks." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1043, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 022001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1043/2/022001.

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Theodore, Nik, Beth Gutelius, and Linda Burnham. "Workplace Health and Safety Hazards Faced by Informally Employed Domestic Workers in the United States." Workplace Health & Safety 67, no. 1 (September 28, 2018): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165079918785923.

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Informally employed domestic workers encounter a range of workplace hazards, though these have been poorly documented and are typically left unacknowledged. Safety concerns include exposure to toxic cleaning products, a high prevalence of ergonomic injuries, and inadequate access to medical care. Presenting the results of an in-person survey of 2,086 informally employed nannies, housecleaners, and caregivers in 14 U.S. cities, this article documents the range of common health and safety hazards faced by domestic workers and suggests some interventions that could improve their working conditions. The survey was conducted in nine languages and data were collected from workers from 71 countries, including a substantial proportion with irregular immigration status. We observed that substandard workplace health and safety conditions are shaped by three aspects of domestic work: long-standing exclusions from federal employment protections, the common disregard of the home as a workplace, and the complexity of care work and the bonds of intimacy that often form through caregiving. Together these factors have served to perpetuate substandard working conditions. Regulatory reforms, as well as worker and employer education, are necessary to improve health outcomes for domestic workers.

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Srivastava, Ram Kumar, Iqbal Ali, Puneet Wadhawani, Anand Kumar, and Praveen Awasthi. "EVALUATION OF HAZARDS OF WASTE MATERIALS IN CLINICS AND HOSPITALS: A RESEARCH." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 04, no. 03 (September 2014): 011–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703792.

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AbstractWastes from the cities and villages cannot be avoided from man's existence. It is essential to safely put these unwanted or discarded material away, in the interest of the community. During human activities a lot of waste matter is produced due to various development project, industrialization and modernization of the community. In this study waste materials were collected from various hospitals and rural and urban residential areas. These wastes were divided into two main categories- Health care waste and domestic waste. The survey indicated 80% solid waste deals with the domestic and urban waste while only 20% deals with the health care waste. The health care waste is regarded hazardous and may cause a variety of health risk.

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Zhang, Dan, Shengxiao Li, and Dengpan Zheng. "Knowledge search and open innovation performance in an emerging market." Management Decision 55, no. 4 (May 15, 2017): 634–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2016-0211.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how knowledge search (KS) affects open innovation performance (OIP) in consideration of appropriability hazard in an emerging market context. Design/methodology/approach The authors identify two types of appropriability hazard related to KS activities in the improvement of OIP: partner-related and market-related hazards, and construct a model of KS to the OIP with the government-enterprise relationship and market focus (MF) as moderating factors of the analysis framework, using the hierarchical regression analysis based on a survey sample of 258 Chinese companies. Findings The authors find that KS has a stronger positive relationship with OIP in international market-focused enterprises compared with domestic market-focused enterprises. In addition, using a configuration approach, the authors find that KS is more positively related to OIP when enterprises have an international MF and a good relationship with the government, but less in other MF government and enterprises relationship configurations. Originality/value This paper contributes to previous research work by identifying two types of appropriability hazard related to KS activities in emerging market countries: partner-related and market-related hazards. The authors argue that a positive relationship between KS and OIP is more likely to occur if these appropriability hazards can be mitigated by export MF and a good relationship with the government which has not been demonstrated in previous research.

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Hill, Nicole S., Sara Dorow, Bob Barnetson, Javier F. Martinez, and Jared Matsunaga-Turnbull. "Occupational Health and Safety for Migrant Domestic Workers in Canada: Dimensions of (Im)mobility." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 29, no. 3 (August 9, 2019): 397–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291119867740.

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This study examines the occupational health and safety experiences of migrant workers employed as live-in caregivers in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada. Interviews with and surveys of caregivers identify four categories of common occupational hazards, including fatigue, psychosocial stress, physical hazards, and exposure to harassment and abuse. These hazards are systemically perpetuated, made invisible, and rendered irremediable by intertwined (im)mobilities. At the macrolevel, they include highly circumscribed and precarious conditions of transnational care migration such as indenturing to private and underregulated recruiters, federal policies that tie status to employers and employment, and changeable, rule-bound pathways to permanent residency. At the mesolevel, we find a volatile mix of mobilities and immobilities associated with employment in the oil economy of Fort McMurray, such as high population mobility and turnover, long work and commuting hours, and remoteness. And, at the microlevel, we find the everyday immobilities and highly circumscribed conditions and complexities of working and living with employers in private homes.

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Bricknell, L. K., B. J. Blaney, and J. Ng. "Risk management for mycotoxin contamination of Australian maize." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 3 (2008): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06096.

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Recent incidents of mycotoxin contamination (particularly aflatoxins and fumonisins) have demonstrated a need for an industry-wide management system to ensure Australian maize meets the requirements of all domestic users and export markets. Results of recent surveys are presented, demonstrating overall good conformity with nationally accepted industry marketing standards but with occasional samples exceeding these levels. This paper describes mycotoxin-related hazards inherent in the Australian maize production system and a methodology combining good agricultural practices and the hazard analysis critical control point framework to manage risk.

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Veber, A. L., S. A. Leonova, N. P. Zhdaneeva, and T. A. Nikiforova. "Development of measures to ensure the quality and safety of the production of bread from wheat flour using a dispersion of sprouted peas and beans of domestic selection." Khleboproducty 30, no. 1 (2021): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32462/0235-2508-2021-30-1-44-51.

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The safety of manufacturing of bread from wheat flour with dispersion of sprouted beans and peas affects the safety of the entire process chain. The flowchart of the manufacturing process based on the results of the analysis and identification of hazardous factors has been repeatedly worked out; control points and operational programs of preconditions of the product manufacturing process are defined. Standard risk management based on the risk level of a hazard measures have been established to prevent, eliminate or reduce hazards to an acceptable level. The developed guidelines for ensuring quality and safety in the production of bread from wheat flour using a dispersion of sprouted beans or peas will allow enterprises to adjust the mechanisms for providing safe products.

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Dunand, F., and P. Gueguen. "Comparison between seismic and domestic risk in moderate seismic hazard prone region: the Grenoble City (France) test site." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 29, 2012): 511–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-511-2012.

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Abstract. France has a moderate level of seismic activity, characterized by diffuse seismicity, sometimes experiencing earthquakes of a magnitude of more than 5 in the most active zones. In this seismicity context, Grenoble is a city of major economic and social importance. However, earthquakes being rare, public authorities and the decision makers are only vaguely committed to reducing seismic risk: return periods are long and local policy makers do not have much information available. Over the past 25 yr, a large number of studies have been conducted to improve our knowledge of seismic hazard in this region. One of the decision-making concerns of Grenoble's public authorities, as managers of a large number of public buildings, is to know not only the seismic-prone regions, the variability of seismic hazard due to site effects and the city's overall vulnerability, but also the level of seismic risk and exposure for the entire city, also compared to other natural or/and domestic hazards. Our seismic risk analysis uses a probabilistic approach for regional and local hazards and the vulnerability assessment of buildings. Its applicability to Grenoble offers the advantage of being based on knowledge acquired by previous projects conducted over the years. This paper aims to compare the level of seismic risk with that of other risks and to introduce the notion of risk acceptability in order to offer guidance in the management of seismic risk. This notion of acceptability, which is now part of seismic risk consideration for existing buildings in Switzerland, is relevant in moderately seismic-prone countries like France.

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Petrova, Kristina. "Natural hazards, internal migration and protests in Bangladesh." Journal of Peace Research 58, no. 1 (January 2021): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343320973741.

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Does internal migration following natural hazards increase the likelihood of protests in migrant-receiving areas? To address the question, this study first looks at the extent to which experiencing different forms of natural hazards contributes to a household’s decision to leave their district of residence. In a second step, the article explores whether that internal migration flow increases the number of protest events in migrant-hosting districts. In doing so, it contributes to the existing debate on the extent to which natural hazards impact the likelihood of social contention, and the role of migration as a linking pathway in that relationship. The impact of climate-related shocks may erode household assets and therefore adaptive capacity in ways that can eventually influence decisions to migrate to larger urban centres. Although migrants are agents of economical and technological change, urban environments may impose challenges to recently arrived migrants and their host communities, affecting the motivations and mobilization resources of urban social groups to protest. As a consequence, the probability of urban unrest in these locations is expected to increase. To test this, I use geo-referenced household-level data from Bangladesh for the period 2010–15, which records households’ experiences of different forms of natural hazard and internal migration flows, available from the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey. It combines this with data on protests, derived from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data. Findings suggest that flood hazards in combination with loss of assets increase the likelihood of internal migration, but unlike other types of domestic mobility, hazard-related migration does not increase the frequency of protests in migrants’ districts of destination.

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Okotto-Okotto, Joseph, Peggy Wanza, Emmah Kwoba, Weiyu Yu, Mawuli Dzodzomenyo, S. M. Thumbi, Diogo Gomes da Silva, and Jim A. Wright. "An Assessment of Inter-Observer Agreement in Water Source Classification and Sanitary Risk Observations." Exposure and Health 12, no. 4 (December 24, 2019): 809–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12403-019-00339-3.

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AbstractSanitary risk inspection, an observation protocol for identifying contamination hazards around water sources, is promoted for managing rural water supply safety. However, it is unclear how far different observers consistently identify contamination hazards and consistently classify water source types using standard typologies. This study aimed to quantify inter-observer agreement in hazard identification and classification of rural water sources. Six observers separately visited 146 domestic water sources in Siaya County, Kenya, in wet and dry seasons. Each observer independently classified the source type and conducted a sanitary risk inspection using a standard protocol. Water source types assigned by an experienced observer were cross-tabulated against those of his colleagues, as were contamination hazards identified, and inter-observer agreement measures calculated. Agreement between hazards observed by the most experienced observer versus his colleagues was significant but low (intra-class correlation = 0.49), with inexperienced observers detecting fewer hazards. Inter-observer agreement in classifying water sources was strong (Cohen’s kappa = 0.84). However, some source types were frequently misclassified, such as sources adapted to cope with water insecurity (e.g. tanks drawing on both piped and rainwater). Observers with limited training and experience thus struggle to consistently identify hazards using existing protocols, suggesting observation protocols require revision and their implementation should be supported by comprehensive training. Findings also indicate that field survey teams struggle to differentiate some water source types based on a standard water source classification, particularly sources adapted to cope with water insecurity. These findings demonstrate uncertainties underpinning international monitoring and analyses of safe water access via household surveys.

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Patil, Tanvi, and Swati S. Raje. "Occupational and social hazards among domestic solid waste collectors: a cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200439.

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Background: Domestic solid waste collectors play important role in maintain hygiene of a community, especially in developing countries. Yet not many efforts are done to identify their health needs. The main objective of this study is to identify the morbidity pattern and social problems of solid waste collectors in urban Maharashtra.Methods: It was a cross sectional study. Study population consisted of domestic solid waste collectors who are registered under municipal corporation. Sampling was purposive. All the domestic solid waste collectors who came for specially arranged health check-up were included in the sample. Social and demographic information along with clinical history was collected using a structured questionnaire. General physical exam, eye checkup, skin examination and lab investigations were done in a specially organized camp, after obtaining prior consent of the participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS 19 software.Results: More than 90% of 98 solid waste collectors, who participated in the study had frequent cough, fever and diarrhea. Over 85% had back or/and leg pain. More than half of the study population had dryness of skin and 47% of them complained of itching. 15 solid waste collectors were discriminated in marriages.Conclusions: High prevalence of common frequent symptoms such as fever, cough and diarrhea can be controlled by conducting regular health checkups for this community. The need is to reach them rather than waiting for them to come to health facility. Sensitization of community towards importance of work done by the solid waste collectors is also required.

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Brenner, David J. "The Significance of Dose Rate in Assessing the Hazards of Domestic Radon Exposure." Health Physics 67, no. 1 (July 1994): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199407000-00010.

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Scott Warner, G. "Increased Incidence of Domestic Animal Bites following a Disaster Due to Natural Hazards." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, no. 2 (April 2010): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00007962.

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Introduction::During deployment following Hurricane Ike in September 2008, bites from domestic animals were among the top three trauma complaints seen at the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) base of operations.Problem::Unlike previous reports of frightened, misplaced dogs and cats biting strangers and rescue workers, there was an increase in bites associated with presumed non-rabid pets who were known to the bite victim.Methods:This was an observational sampling of all patients presenting for medical care during deployment to the AL-3 DMAT base of operations in Webster, Texas, following Hurricane Ike. Findings were compared with unofficial local norms and observations from the literature.Results:Of the people with animal bites presenting to the field hospital, dog bites accounted for 55%, cat bites, 40%, and snake bites, 5%. Most of the wounds required suturing and were not simple punctures. Most bites (70%) involved the hand(s). Some patients presented > 24 hours after the bite, and already had developed cellulitis. One patient required transfer and inpatient admission for intravenous antibiotics and debridement of a hand injury with spread into the metacarpophalangeal space.Conclusions:Most of the bites were severe and occurred within the first 72 hours after the hurricane, and waned steadily over the following weeks to baseline levels. No animal bites caused by misplaced dogs and cats biting strangers were seen. There was an increase in bites associated with domesticated pets known to the bite victim. The current NDMS cache is stocked adequately to care for most wounds caused by animal bites. However post-exposure rabies treatment is not part of the routine medications offered. For future disaster preparedness training, pet owners should be aware of the increased potential for dog and cat bites.

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Ovca, Andrej, Mojca Jevšnik, Gregor Jereb, and Peter Raspor. "Effect of educational intervention on young people, targeting microbiological hazards in domestic kitchens." Food Policy 61 (May 2016): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.03.004.

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Dewettinck, T., E. Van Houtte, D. Geenens, K. Van Hege, and W. Verstraete. "HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) to guarantee safe water reuse and drinking water production - a case study." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 12 (June 1, 2001): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0708.

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To obtain a sustainable water catchment in the dune area of the Flemish west coast, the integration of treated domestic wastewater in the existing potable water production process is planned. The hygienic hazards associated with the introduction of treated domestic wastewater into the water cycle are well recognised. Therefore, the concept of HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) was used to guarantee hygienically safe drinking water production. Taking into account the literature data on the removal efficiencies of the proposed advanced treatment steps with regard to enteric viruses and protozoa and after setting high quality limits based on the recent progress in quantitative risk assessment, the critical control points (CCPs) and points of attention (POAs) were identified. Based on the HACCP analysis a specific monitoring strategy was developed which focused on the control of these CCPs and POAs.

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Henisz, Witold J., and Oliver E. Williamson. "Comparative Economic Organization—Within and Between Countries." Business and Politics 1, no. 3 (November 1999): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bap.1999.1.3.261.

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This paper explores the implications of going beyond transaction cost theory's implicit focus on domestic investors to include multinational actors. As developed herein, the discriminating alignment between the level of hazards (contractual and/or political) and the mode of governance carries over. In the open-economy context, such an alignment reflects the hazards that arise from the nature of the transaction and those that arise from the nature of the political and regulatory environment.

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Harvey, Michael G. "The Marketing of Potentially Toxic Pesticides Worldwide: The Issues and a Proposed Control System." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 7, no. 1 (January 1988): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391568800700115.

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It is estimated by 1990 United States based multinational corporations (MNCs) will export over one billion dollars or pesticides and chemicals that have been banned by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for sale in the domestic market. The potential environmental hazards and dangerous side effects to inhabitants of foreign countries could be devastating. This article examines the growth of sales of pesticides which have been banned domestically, why they create such a hazard in foreign countries as well as a “boomerang effect” in the United States, and explores a means to more adequately monitor and control the sale of these pesticides worldwide.

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Plourde, Kristy L., LaDonn Hight-Allen, Denise L. Matthews, Martin L. Smith, and CDR Jeff Gafkjen. "HOW WILL THE NATIONAL RESPONSE PLAN AND THE NATIONAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AFFECT OIL SPILL RESPONSE IN THE UNITED STATES1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-747.

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ABSTRACT The United States faces a broad range of threats and hazards, both naturally occurring and manmade. Over the past few decades, efforts to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from these varied threats and hazards have evolved into a patchwork collection of special-purpose plans including the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). These plans govern U.S. policy toward hazardous materials releases and oil spill response. Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 (HSPD-5), Management of Domestic Incidents, mandates the creation of a National Incident Management System (NIMS) and National Response Plan (NRP) to provide a single, comprehensive national approach to incident management. The NRP is intended to integrate the various prevention, preparedness, response and recovery plans into an all-discipline, all-hazard approach. NIMS provides a standard Incident Command System (ICS) for Federal, State, local and tribal government to work together to prepare for and respond to incidents. NIMS ICS includes a core set of concepts, principles, terminology, technologies, multi-agency coordination systems, unified command, training, identification/management of resources, qualification/certification, and the collection, tracking and reporting of incident information and incident resources. Together, the NRP and NIMS provide a standardized framework to ensure that Federal, State, local, and tribal governments, the private sector, and non-governmental organizations work in partnership to support domestic incident management regardless of cause, size, or complexity of the incident. How does this change what is being done in oil and hazardous materials response? The National Contingency Plan (NCP, 40 CFR 300) notes that “where practicable,” the framework for the response shall use ICS within a Unified Command (UC) system. OSHA regulations (29 CFR 1910.120) also require the use of ICS for emergency response. The response community (federal, state, local, and tribal governments, the private sector, and non-governmental organizations) has been using “ICS” in oil spill/HAZMAT response since the early 1990's in the United States. NIMS ICS will be used when responding to oil HAZMAT spills, however, there are differences in ICS implementation between responders in the response community and NIMS ICS will have stricter requirements to improve uniformity in application. These similarities and differences will be discussed at length in this paper.

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Jehan, Shah, Ihsan Ullah, Sardar Khan, Said Muhammad, Seema Anjum Khattak, and Tariq Khan. "Evaluation of the Swat River, Northern Pakistan, water quality using multivariate statistical techniques and water quality index (WQI) model." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 31 (July 4, 2020): 38545–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09688-y.

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Abstract This study evaluates the characteristics of water along the Swat River, Northern Pakistan. For this purpose, water samples (n = 30) were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters including heavy metals (HM). The mean concentrations of physicochemical parameters and HM were within the drinking water guideline values set by the World Health Organization (WHO 2011) except 34%, 60%, and 56% of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb), respectively. Pollution sources were identified by various multivariate statistical techniques including correlation analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) indicating different origins both naturally and anthropogenically. Results of the water quality index (WQI) ranged from 13.58 to 209 with an average value of 77 suggesting poor water quality for drinking and domestic purposes. The poor water quality was mainly related to high sodium (alkalinity) and salinity hazards showing > 27% and 20% water samples have poor alkalinity and salinity hazards, respectively. Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were used to determine the health risk of HM in the study area. For water-related health risk, HQingestion, HQdermal, and HI values were > 1, indicating noncarcinogenic health risk (NCR) posed by these HM to the exposed population.

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Ferraro, A. A., M. T. B. Fernandes, and S. E. Vieira. "New challenges beyond nutrition: c-section, air pollution and domestic violence." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 7, no. 3 (September 28, 2015): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204017441500149x.

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The DOHaD research field has successfully associated adult non-communicable diseases with inadequate nutrition in early periods of life. More recently, different types of exposure have been linked with impaired developmental outcomes and later health consequences, such as cesarean section at delivery, air pollution and domestic violence during pregnancy. The aim of this work is to bring up this issue looking at the published evidence on these three highly prevalent hazards in Latin American countries.

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Goggin, Denys. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TOTAL HAZARD CONTROL PLAN FOR AN LNG SITE." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90039.

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Australia's North West Shelf Project is based on the development of major gas reserves discovered in the early 1970s in deep water some 130 km off the coast from Dampier, Western Australia.The project was developed in two phases. The Domestic Gas Phase, completed in 1984, supplies pipeline gas to the State Energy Commission of Western Australia for distribution in the south-west of the State. The Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Phase involves the export of LNG to eight Japanese power and gas utilities under 20-year Sale and Purchase Agreements. The production and export of LNG commenced in 1989.A Total Hazard Control Plan (THCP) has been developed for the project's onshore and offshore facilities to ensure that all hazards which could affect public safety outside the plant boundary are identified and controlled for the life of the site.The THCP applies to all sites, including the trunkline, onshore gas treatment plant, King Bay supply base and North Rankin A offshore platform. The objectives of the THCP are: to identify the hazards that exist together with their potential consequences; to list the policies and procedures which control the hazards and assign responsibility within the organisation to ensure that those policies and procedures are implemented; to provide verifiable assurance to Government that the Project Operator, Woodside, comprehensively and systematically controls all foreseen hazards to public safety, at the level of 'reasonably practicable'.Compliance with the THCP is verified using a structured auditing programme involving both internal and external audits.

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Tulach, Ales, Miroslav Mynarz, and Milada Kozubkova. "Study of Distribution and Quantification of Flammable Gas in Confined Space." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 2097–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.2097.

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The contribution deals with leakage of natural gas from domestic low-pressure piping. Spreading of the leaked natural gas in the confined space is deals with and the areas are defined where local hazardous concentrations are formed. Mathematical CFD models provide broad overview of spreading of natural gas, in dependence on the elapsed time from the start of leakage. The contribution should improve the understanding of spreading and distribution of mixture of gaseous fuels in confined spaces, and thus leads to significant reduction of the risk of occurrence of fire or explosion or to prevention of these hazards.

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Ngozi Frances, A. I. Ogbalu, Iwuji,, and Nnaemezie, Nkiru Onyinyechukwu. "Forms and Risk Factors of Domestic Violence among Married Secondary School Teachers in Anambra State." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20211010.

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This study examined forms, risk factors and health hazards of domestic violence among married secondary school teachers in Anambra State. Four research questions and four hypothesis guided the study. The study used a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised 2600 married teachers (male and female) in all secondary schools owned by Anambra State. The sample consisted of 1080 married teachers in secondary schools in Anambra State. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled Domestic Violence Questionnaire (DVQ). The DVQ was validated by experts in measurement and evaluation as health education. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.947. Mean and standard deviation statistics were used to answer the research questions. T-test and ANOVA were used to test null hypotheses at .05 level of significance. The findings revealed among others that forms of domestic violence such as physical injuries, depression, abortion and others exist among married secondary school teachers in Anambra State. Risk factors of domestic violence such as low self-esteem, economic stress, unhealthy family relationship, distrust, sexual dissatisfaction and others exist among married teachers in secondary schools in Anambra State. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that, health educators should provide a platform to educate married teachers in various secondary schools on the need to avoid domestic violence so as to have a peaceful environment at home. Married teachers should endeavour to learn and understand each other as this will enable them avoid any form of violence at home. Keywords: Domestic violence, risk factors, health hazards, married secondary school teachers, Anambra State.

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Aali, Rahim, and Amin Kishipour. "Risk Assessment of Drinking Water Supply System of Talesh Based on World Health Organization Water Safety Plan in 2021: A Case Study." Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 9, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.2022.07.

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Water safety plan (WSP) is a new way to ensure the safety of drinking water by risk assessment and systematic prevention approach. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk and identify hazards from the production source to the point of use and plan to reduce or eliminate these hazards to provide safe drinking water. This study was conducted on the water supply system of Talesh city in 2021. The WSP has 12 stages and the third stage is risk assessment and hazard identification. This stage scored 69 points out of a total of 100 raw points, which indicates 69% coordination with the WSP. Based on the analysis, 47 hazards were identified in production sources, transmission lines, distribution network, and point of use. The presence of domestic sewage wells near the source of supply, undesirable chlorine concentration, and old pipes in the distribution network, as well as the failure of the check valve at the point of consumption are the most important risks. With the implementation of different phases of WSP, especially the stage of identification and assessment of microbial contamination risk in the distribution network, has been decreased to 0% and the desired residual chlorine concentration has been increased to 100%. Currently, water supply system of Talesh has a moderate level of safety.

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Bao, Zhen Bo, Deng Chao Jin, and Hong Jun Teng. "Hazards and Treatment Methods of Large-Scale Livestock Sewage Pollution in China." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1954–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1954.

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Large-scale livestock pollution has become the third largest source of pollution following industrial pollution and domestic pollution. The possible dangers of livestock sewage pollution on rivers, lakes, underground water, soil, human health are pointed out. Pretreatment is necessary for processing of livestock sewage treatment. The principle, advantages and disadvantages, applicability of three modes of livestock sewage treatment including land spreading, natural treatment and industrialized treatment are summarized. It is very necessary to study and develop efficient, low-cost, resource utilization of livestock sewage treatment technology according to local conditions.

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Parise, Giuseppe, Satish Chaparala, Luigi Parise, and Marco Allegri. "Safety Upgrades in Domestic Dwellings. Pluggable Off-Line UPSs of Low Quality and Backfeed Hazards." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 57, no. 5 (September 2021): 4456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2021.3084542.

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Fischer, Arnout R. H., Aarieke E. I. De Jong, Esther D. Van Asselt, Rob De Jonge, Lynn J. Frewer, and Maarten J. Nauta. "Food Safety in the Domestic Environment: An Interdisciplinary Investigation of Microbial Hazards During Food Preparation." Risk Analysis 27, no. 4 (August 2007): 1065–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00944.x.

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Obeng, Letitia E. "The Right to Health in Tropical Agriculture." Outlook on Agriculture 21, no. 4 (December 1992): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709202100403.

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The focus of this paper is on people and the health hazards that they face in some parts of the tropics. In particular it deals with the effects of the ecological conditions created by water intensive agriculture and the supplies of water for domestic use on the health of communities.

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Alekseenko, V. V., O. O. Vasechko, K. A. Samokatov, and O. B. Sezonenko. "HANDLING OF USED OILS. EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND UKRAINIAN DEVELOPMENTS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 3 (September 14, 2018): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2018.03.

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Hazards to environment from used oils and directions of their utilization were considered. Features, advantages and disadvantages of each directions of used oil’s utilization were adduced. The example of realization of used oil’s direct burning on developed in The Gas Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine unit was given. The world wide experience of exploitation of pyrolysis units for recycling of used oil into fuel was considered. The comparison of characteristics of domestic pyrolysis unit with similar type foreign units and experience of exploitation of domestic unit in Ukraine and abroad were given. The principle of operation of domestic pyrolysis unit for recycling of used oil into fuel and its operational characteristics were presented. Bibl. 12, Fig. 2, Tab. 6.

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Sumalatha, B. S., Lekha D. Bhat, and K. P. Chitra. "Impact of Covid-19 on Informal Sector: A Study of Women Domestic Workers in India." Indian Economic Journal 69, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194662211023845.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has left severe impact on livelihood, security and health of informal sector workers, especially domestic workers, majority of whom are women. Being least organised and lacking institutional support, domestic workers are extremely vulnerable to exploitation and human rights violations, and the pandemic has aggravated the situation. Telephonic interviews were conducted with 260 domestic workers from three cities, namely Delhi, Mumbai and Kochi with focus on working conditions, livelihood and household dynamics, health scenario and state support during the pandemic. The data was substantiated with qualitative inputs from in-depth interviews conducted with 12 domestic workers across the cities. In the results, widespread job loss is reported among domestic workers during March–June 2020 along with drastically reduced income and increased workload. About 57% domestic workers reported stigma and discrimination at workplace, and 40% worked without any safety measures. Incidence of domestic violence at home, increased work burden at home, issues in access to health care, etc., were reported. The study findings point out the urgent need to have a national-level policy and state support specifically targeting women domestic workers, without which the situation of poverty, health hazards and social exclusion will continue to exist. JEL Code: J4, J46

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Raji, Atanda, and Mohamed Tariq Kahn. "Analysis of distributed energy resources for domestic electricity users." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 23, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2012/v23i2a3163.

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After over a century with utilization of the benefits of economics of scale, power systems planning and development gets bigger and transmission grids have needed to transmit wide bringing the concept of onsite or close-to-load generation back. The turnaround strategy is prompted by market liberalization, transmission expansion constraints, related technology advancements, environmental pollution, health hazards, fossil fuel depletion, and climate change concerns. In the last decade, many countries have started the process of liberalisation of the electric systems, opening access to transmission and distribution grids.Technical feasibility analysis of a hybrid energy system for two types of geographical regions in South Africa using Homer is performed in this paper. Wind-PV hybrid systems are modelled as a micro-power system using Homer. The simulation results analyses conducted for a typical middle income earner electricity load profile for both a coaster and inlander domestic users of electricity showed that Wind-PV hybrid system is technically feasible and economical.

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Mohd Ashraf, Amalina, and Fadilah Abd Rahman. "Hazards In Poultry Feed Production: An Appraisal From The Halal Perspective." Journal of Fatwa Management and Research 27, no. 2-SE (November 30, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol27no2-se.480.

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Animal feed is any processed, semi-processed of raw materials or compound which are fed to animals. Poultry feed are food for farm poultry, including chickens, ducks, geese and other domestic birds (Gallus domesticus), whether it is in mash, crumbles or pellets form. Feed supply is central to all animal production systems and any factor that affects the security of the feed supply is a significant constraint to production. In Malaysia, most of the poultry feed comprises of 95% of the sources that are imported and only 5% are obtained locally. In this situation, feed producers are responsible to communicate with crop producers and at the same time connected with primary food producers involved, such as poultry breeders. These phenomena are crucial in maintaining the halal integrity along the supply chain. To produce halal food materials, it is important to make sure that the feed fed to edible animals are Ḥalālan ṭoyyiban. This paper reviews the hazards presence in poultry feed and its production which include biohazards, chemical hazards and physical hazards. In so doing, it employs library research methodology by reviewing the relevant literatures and analysed using content analysis method. Further to that, it also appraises the presence of the respective hazards from the halal perspective. From the halal point of view, the sources of human food shall not only be halal, but shall also be safe for human consumption, non-poisonous and non-hazardous to human health. In the context of poultry feed, the usage of antibiotics, GMOs with hazardous issue or potential toxicity or allergenicity, toxin contamination and presence of physical contaminants in poultry feed, if not properly controlled and regulated seriously, adverse effects might take place in human and this is indeed not in line with the goal of the Shariah to safeguard the interests of human and the universe, to protect life and lineage, and to bring benefits and repelling harms. Nevertheless, considering that contaminants are present everywhere, and that total elimination is almost impossible, taking proactive actions to reduce their presence to the minimum level possible is in compliance with the spirit of Maqasid Shariah. This could be done by putting in place a comprehensive legislation for the control of several of these chemical compounds, pathogens and physical contaminants in poultry feed, or by implementing feed safety management system such as HACCP in feed plants. In addition, to protect the interest of the Muslim consumers particularly in Malaysia, it is also recommended that a Halal standard for Poultry Feed Production should be developed.

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Ma, Ying Qun, Hong Zhi Ma, Lu Zheng, Jian Yang, Yi Feng Liu, and Qun Hui Wang. "Pollution Characteristic Analysis during the Recycling Process of Waste Methanol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.540.

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According to the directory of hazardous waste, Waste methanol belongs to the hazardous waste. Production of methanol will produce ethers, ketones and other impurities. During the distillation for waste methanol, high concentrations of distillation waste will be produced. In this paper, waste methanol recovery process in a southern chemical plant was adopted as the research object. Methanol and distillation waste were sampled and analyzed, combined with domestic research findings about waste methanol and other organic pollutants, the emission and pollution characteristics of waste methanol were discussed. The results show that Ethers and ketones are the main contaminants of methanol; it has potential hazards for products with such methanol as raw materials. The distillation waste has high COD concentration, containes methanol, mixed alcohol and other toxic substances, which has the risks for environmental pollution and human health.

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Nungesser, Sören Lars, and Stefan Pauliuk. "Modelling Hazard for Tailings Dam Failures at Copper Mines in Global Supply Chains." Resources 11, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources11100095.

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The global mining industry generates several billion tons of waste every year. Much of it is stored in liquid form, known as tailings, in large impoundments. Recent dam failures at tailing ponds with catastrophic outcomes have raised public concern, such that industry initiatives and investors are beginning to address the problem. So far, a lack of publicly available data makes an independent and comprehensive risk assessment challenging. We introduce a simple and transparent hazard indicator built from environmental proxy variables and screen a global sample of 112 copper mines for natural hazards regarding tailings dams. In a second step, material footprints of copper for the European Union and five major economies are estimated and compared using a Multi-Regional Input–Output model, shedding light on the regions of origin. Finally, hazard scores are linked to regional copper footprints to identify hotspots in supply chains of final consumption. The most hazardous mines are located in Chile and Peru including some of the world’s largest copper producers. China and the US have the largest copper ore footprints and per capita values in the US were 25 times larger than in India. The United States’ and European footprints are satisfied by domestic extraction to about 66 and 40 percent respectively. Copper from Poland contributes around 19 and 28 percent to supply chains of German and European final demand respectively and, as a consequence, Poland constitutes the main hazard hotspot for Europe’s copper supply chain.

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Kim, Inhan, Yongha Lee, and Jungsik Choi. "BIM-based Hazard Recognition and Evaluation Methodology for Automating Construction Site Risk Assessment." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (March 29, 2020): 2335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072335.

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Construction sites in Korea are the locus of many disasters and work-related illnesses, and construction workers are particularly likely to be exposed to serious disasters such as falls, collapses, and burial. At domestic construction sites, the concept of Design for Safety has been adopted from abroad, and current regulations are intended to secure the personnel safety at each site. However, current government guidelines and regulations are difficult to apply in the field, mainly because they do not clearly address work issues and safety management measures. The current safety review method depends too much on the subjective experience of site workers or managers. This study analyzes the step-by-step tasks required for more automated building information modeling (BIM)-based construction site safety management. An example BIM-based assessment of one specific construction site hazard, the risk of a worker fall, is carried out. In the risk analysis stage, all of the associated hazards are identified and the attendant risks are estimated and quantified. A broader risk rating methodology is derived based on the scenarios of each possible disaster at a construction site, and the hazards are extracted by defining the relationships between each building element based on the BIM information. The result is a risk rating methodology derived from a BIM-based risk assessment.

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Chernychenko, I. O., O. M. Lytvychenko, V. F. Babii, S. I. Harkavyi, N. V. Balenko, O. Ye Kondratenko, and D. O. Hlavachek. "On the issue of revising the regulatory framework for chemical carcinogens in the air according to the risk criterion." Environment & Health, no. 2 (103) (June 2022): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2022.02.042.

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The aim of the work was to analyze the risk of carcinogenic substances in populated areas and industrial zone, included in domestic regulatory frameworks, in accordance with international qualification standards, and to determine the safety level of existing hygienic standards for humans by specific oncogenic hazard criteria. Materials and methods. Bibliosemantic, bibliographic and hygienic research methods was used in the work. The results were obtained on the basis of collection and analysis of data on chemical carcinogenic compounds that are dangerous to humans, according to international directives, domestic and foreign regulatory frameworks. Carcinogenicity indicators was identified to assess the hazards of certain substances and hygienic regulatory levels. Research results and their discussion. The analysis of national and international databases on carcinogenic compounds, assessment of their physicochemical properties, dose-effect response and health effects was carried out. It was shown that today the most recognized and widespread base of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, in which based on a critical analysis of experimental and epidemiological data of more than 1000 chemical factors, their classification was carried out according to the degree of evidence of carcinogenic hazard to humans, the hygienic expression of which is carcinogenic risk. The analysis of domestic databases of hygienic standards for the permissible content of chemicals showed that only for 131 carcinogenic substances the MPC in the air is justified, however, according to the criterion of carcinogenic risk, most of them do not meet the requirements of the EU and world practices, which indicates the need for their revision. It is emphasized that one of the available and adequate methods of this task is the principle laid down in determining the relationship "concentration - risk (acceptable risk)". Conclusions. It was shown that according to the criterion of carcinogenic risk, the hygienic standards of most carcinogenic substances included in domestic regulatory air bases do not meet the requirements of the EU and international practices, which indicates the need to revise them based on acceptable risk.

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Priya, Shanmuga. "Occupational Health Hazards Of Working Women In Un-Organized Sector." International Review of Business and Economics 4, no. 2 (2020): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.27.

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Working women perform dual jobs, that is, on the domestic front as well as economic front. Her additional role as a working women throws many challenges along with her primary challenge of the household. Both these roles make demands on her time and energy. After a full day’s work with the employer, she has to do another shift at her home. For example, waking up early morning, rolling the beds, cleaning the house, preparing breakfast, cooking lunch, washing clothes, and the rushing off to the workplace. Returning in the evening with shopping in hand to cook the dinner for the family, handling children study work, washing utensils, and finally collapsing into the bed only to begin the grind again early next morning. These effects their health in the absence of proper infrastructure for the supply of these needs. When they have to combine triple burden viz., bearing children, taking for of the family, they have to sacrifice nutrition, health care and leisure for themselves. Notwithstanding, the mechanization at home and office put the gender at a great health risk that ultimately affect reproductive role leaving more at the mercy of assisted pregnancy and child birth. This is the serious problem for mankind itself.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Domestic hazards'

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