Academic literature on the topic 'Domestic material consumption'
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Journal articles on the topic "Domestic material consumption"
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Lasisi, Taiwo Temitope, Kayode Kolawole Eluwole, Uju Violet Alola, Luigi Aldieri, Concetto Paolo Vinci, and Andrew Adewale Alola. "Do Tourism Activities and Urbanization Drive Material Consumption in the OECD Countries? A Quantile Regression Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 7742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147742.
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The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) elaborately encompass a global goal for sustainable consumption and production (Goal 12: SDGs), thus providing potential drivers and/or pathways to attaining sustainable consumption. In view of this global goal, this study examined the role of real income per capita, urbanization and especially inbound tourism in domestic material consumption for the panel of OECD countries. The study is conducted for the period of 1995 to 2016 by employing the panel quantile approach. Interestingly, an inverted U-shaped relationship between outbound tourism and domestic material consumption is established across the quantiles, thus indicating that sustainable domestic consumption is achievable after a threshold of domestic material consumption is attained. In addition, achieving sustainable consumption through economic or income growth is a herculean task for the OECD countries because the current reality indicates that income growth triggers higher consumption of domestic materials. However, the results suggest that urbanization is a recipe for sustainable domestic consumption since there is a negative and significant relationship between the two parameters across the quantiles. Nevertheless, the study presents relevant policy for efficient material and resources utilization and that is suitable to drive the SDGs for 2030 and other country-specific sustainable ambitions.
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Baynes, Timothy Malcolm, and Josephine Kaviti Musango. "Estimating current and future global urban domestic material consumption." Environmental Research Letters 13, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): 065012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aac391.
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Wiedmann, Thomas O., Heinz Schandl, Manfred Lenzen, Daniel Moran, Sangwon Suh, James West, and Keiichiro Kanemoto. "The material footprint of nations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 20 (September 3, 2013): 6271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1220362110.
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Metrics on resource productivity currently used by governments suggest that some developed countries have increased the use of natural resources at a slower rate than economic growth (relative decoupling) or have even managed to use fewer resources over time (absolute decoupling). Using the material footprint (MF), a consumption-based indicator of resource use, we find the contrary: Achievements in decoupling in advanced economies are smaller than reported or even nonexistent. We present a time series analysis of the MF of 186 countries and identify material flows associated with global production and consumption networks in unprecedented specificity. By calculating raw material equivalents of international trade, we demonstrate that countries’ use of nondomestic resources is, on average, about threefold larger than the physical quantity of traded goods. As wealth grows, countries tend to reduce their domestic portion of materials extraction through international trade, whereas the overall mass of material consumption generally increases. With every 10% increase in gross domestic product, the average national MF increases by 6%. Our findings call into question the sole use of current resource productivity indicators in policy making and suggest the necessity of an additional focus on consumption-based accounting for natural resource use.
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Yates, Luke. "Sharing, households and sustainable consumption." Journal of Consumer Culture 18, no. 3 (September 22, 2016): 433–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469540516668229.
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Recently, economists and environmental scientists have problematised households, showing that their reducing size in average number of inhabitants has implications for environmental sustainability due to losses in economies of scale. Findings suggest that resources are shared better when people live together. This article analyses this common domestic consumption, drawing on literature about households, sharing and sustainable consumption. It is argued that multiple-person households apportion the resources involved in supplying practices through three modes of sharing: successive sharing, simultaneous sharing and shared/divided work. These are underpinned and enabled by standard material arrangements of households, in which a minimum of certain goods and services are available to residents regardless of number. Exemplifying the perspective, I examine recent survey data relating to meals and domestic laundry, two sociologically significant and resource-intensive spheres of domestic activity, paying attention to differences across one-person and multiple-person households. Modes of sharing, it is argued, also surfeit the domestic sphere, with market, state and household infrastructures playing contextually variable roles in provisioning goods and services among populations.
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McCafferty, Geoffrey G. "Domestic Practice in Postclassic Santa Isabel, Nicaragua." Latin American Antiquity 19, no. 1 (March 2008): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1045663500007665.
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Four seasons of excavation at the Santa Isabel site on the shore of Lake Nicaragua have recovered an extensive assemblage of material remains relating to Early Postclassic period (A.D. 800–1250) domestic practice. This paper reports initial project results, specifically relating to themes of architecture, foodways, specialized production, and belief systems. Exceptional preservation of organic materials such as faunal and botanical remains, as well as bone tools, permits an expansive description of the material culture relating to household level consumption. Through the intensive coverage of 5 ha of the site center, including 10 house mounds, we see that intra-site variation also reflects community organization. Finally, Santa Isabel presents potential for inferring cultural relationships between central Mexico (based on ethnohistorical accounts) and Greater Nicoya.
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Jack, Tullia. "Cleanliness and consumption: exploring material and social structuring of domestic cleaning practices." International Journal of Consumer Studies 41, no. 1 (October 17, 2016): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12315.
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Rossokha, Volodymyr, and Oleksandr Petrychenko. "Wine market potential in Ukraine." Ekonomika APK 311, no. 9 (September 28, 2020): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202009017.
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The purpose of the article is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the raw material market of wine products, production and distribution of wine through sales channels, opportunities and restrictions on the sale of wine in domestic and foreign markets; to determine the state and potential volumes of wine consumption in Ukraine; to elaborate ways and directions of development of production and consumer potential of the domestic wine market to ensure supply and demand formation. Research methods includes an abstract-logical method to substantiate the production and consumer potential of the market; analysis and synthesis – to establish the size of the area, yield, gross harvest, processing of grapes into wine materials, range of products, geography of export and import and wine consumption; economical and statistical and balance methods – for identifying trends and patterns of production and factors influencing the market of wine products, imbalances in the production and consumption of wine in the domestic market; comparative and calculation-constructive methods – to compare the levels of wine consumption in Ukraine and EU countries and substantiation of the consumer potential of the wine market in Ukraine; standard-cost method - for determining the amount of investment in the raw material base of the wine industry to develop production capacity and ensure supply in the wine market. Research results. Analysis of the market dynamics in the segments of grape growing and processing, the nomenclature of production, distribution and consumption of wine showed the discrepancy between the supply of raw materials on the market for loading the capacity of wineries, accompanied by the filling the domestic market with imported products. The ratio of wine exports to imports, production volumes to exports and imports, the share of domestic production and imports in the consumption fund and per capita has been established. The capacity of the domestic market for wine consumption in Ukraine at the level of European countries and the amount of investment to ensure its supply of wine products is determined. The ways and directions of development of production and consumer potential of the domestic wine market are outlined. Scientific novelty. The disproportions in the production and consumption of wine in the domestic market, the differences in the consumption of wine per capita in Ukraine and European countries are grounded. The production and consumer potentials of the domestic wine market have been determined. The volumes of investments, ways and directions of development of the production and consumer potential of the market for the interaction of supply and demand have been established. Practical significance. The investigated trends in the development of the production and consumer potential of the wine market serve as a guideline for making rational management decisions on the choice of ways and directions for increasing production and domestic consumption of products of the wine industry.
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Wang, Sheng, Jing Dai, and Meirong Su. "Material Flow Analysis of Fossil Fuels in China during 2000–2010." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/625828.
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Since the relationship between the supply and demand of fossil fuels is on edge in the long run, the contradiction between the economic growth and limited resources will hinder the sustainable development of the Chinese society. This paper aims to analyze the input of fossil fuels in China during 2000–2010 via the material flow analysis (MFA) that takes hidden flows into account. With coal, oil, and natural gas quantified by MFA, three indexes, consumption and supply ratio (C/S ratio), resource consumption intensity (RCI), and fossil fuels productivity (FFP), are proposed to reflect the interactions between population, GDP, and fossil fuels. The results indicated that in the past 11 years, China’s requirement for fossil fuels has been increasing continuously because of the growing mine productivity in domestic areas, which also leads to a single energy consumption structure as well as excessive dependence on the domestic exploitation. It is advisable to control the fossil fuels consumption by energy recycling and new energy facilities’ popularization in order to lead a sustainable access to nonrenewable resources and decrease the soaring carbon emissions.
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Bianchi, Marco, Carlos Tapia, and Ikerne del Valle. "Monitoring domestic material consumption at lower territorial levels: A novel data downscaling method." Journal of Industrial Ecology 24, no. 5 (April 13, 2020): 1074–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13000.
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Nutongkaew, Pranee, Jompob Waewsak, Warangkhana Kiratiwibool, and Yves Gagnon. "Demand and Supply of Crude Palm Oil for Biodiesel Production towards Food and Energy Security." Applied Mechanics and Materials 839 (June 2016): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.839.151.
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Energy and food security are two key national policies and agenda of Thailand. The Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE), Ministry of Energy has modified a 15-year (2008-2021) Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP). According to the modified AEDP, the share of renewable and alternative energy consumption should increase to 25% by 2021. The latest policy aims to promote the biodiesel consumption and production by 5.97 million liters/day within 2021, up from its previous plan of 4.50 million liters/day while nowadays production capacity is 1.62 million liters/day. The current and anticipated production of biodiesel require raw materials, notably crude palm oil (CPO) from oil palm plantations. This paper presents a feasibility study, with respect to the AEDP plan, for biodiesel production by using domestic fresh fruit oil palm as a raw material. Demand and supply are analyzed based on statistical modeling and forecasting techniques, as well as GIS spatial analysis. The results show that the domestic CPO consumption for cooking palm oil will be 1.02 million tons/year, while biodiesel production will be 1.67 million tons/year in 2021. This corresponds to an oil palm plantation area of 11,152 km2 in 2021. Based on GIS spatial analysis along with land-use database and other relevant databases, it was found that the suitable area for palm oil plantation in Thailand is 14,639 km2, which is sufficient for domestic demand and consumption. The suitable area consists of 9,664 km2 for quite suitable and 4,975 km2 for medium suitable. However, the government should provide the guidelines, along with pro-active and supportive policies for worst case scenarios, e.g. drought and flood leading to the insufficient raw material, in order to reduce the negative impacts of biodiesel production for domestic demand and consumption.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Domestic material consumption"
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Caddick, Barbara. "The material culture of the household : consumption and domestic economy in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/205017.
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Research into the material culture of the household and the domestic interior has increased rapidly during recent years. It has primarily focused on the appearance and use of domestic space leaving household management and maintenance a neglected area of study. Furthermore the relationship between the ownership of goods, the domestic interior and the use of the home has not been studied in conjunction with the management and maintenance of the household. Additionally, research into the material culture of the household has predominantly focused on quantitative changes experienced during the late seventeenth century and early eighteenth. It has long been established that the ownership of household goods increased in this period, but similar research has not taken place to explore the nature of these goods, nor to extend this work to the subsequent period. This thesis brings these aspects of research together for the first time to create a synthesis between the ownership of goods and the changing nature and use of the home and household maintenance and management. The argument proposed here suggests that the changing nature of the material culture of the household and developments to the use of the home had an impact upon the way that the household was managed and maintained. The complex inter-woven relationship between the material culture of the domestic interior and the ways in which it was maintained and managed reveals that both elements were a part of an emerging middle class culture of domesticity. Therefore, this thesis makes a significant contribution to a holistic understanding of the household by looking at the ownership of goods and the use of domestic space within the context of maintenance and management.
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Banks, Karen. "The ownership of goods and cultures of consumption in Ludlow, Hereford and Tewkesbury, 1660-1760." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/316600.
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This thesis examines how the lifestyles of the middling sorts evolved during the period 1660 and 1760 as reflected in their relationship to material goods in three contrasting, but geographically near towns. The towns are similar to the degree that their history and circumstances led to them being viewed as backwaters, and this may have influenced consumption practices. Ludlow had lost its importance as the Capital of Wales; it stagnated until its fortunes began to be revived by achieving leisure town status. Hereford was a cathedral city and a county town, but was mainly poorly built and congested. It was locally, rather than nationally important. Tewkesbury was an inland port and a manufacturing centre, but it had been eclipsed by the larger and more successful cities of Bristol and Gloucester. This study of household goods in the middling interiors of Ludlow, Hereford and Tewkesbury between 1660 and 1760 set out first to investigate the extent to which the possessions of the middling ranks reflected their social status. The second aspect is to analyse the geographical spread of new goods in the three towns to determine the extent to which economic circumstances and location influenced consumption. Thirdly, the intention is to determine how status and politeness was expressed in the early modern home. Finally, this study aimed to ascertain what these factors could tell us about early modern consumers in the three towns. A sample of the domestic goods of the middling ranks from Ludlow, Hereford and Tewkesbury is examined and compared. The material culture of the three towns has previously attracted little academic interest. It is my intention that this thesis on the three towns complements and contributes to the existing bodies of work on early modern regional culture studies.
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Mimbacas, Rodriguez Alicia Filomena. "Caracterização do consumo domestico de materiais da cidade de Montevidéu mediante análise de fluxos de materiais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/105017.
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As cidades podem ser definidas como sistemas abertos altamente dependentes do seu entorno para a provisão dos recursos naturais e eliminação dos resíduos. Abarcando 2% da superfície da terra, elas consomem aproximadamente 75% de seus recursos, expulsando resíduos em escala similar. Na atualidade, 50% da população mundial habita em cidades e é estimado que esta porcentagem ascenderá a 70% no 2050. Em particular, a América Latina apresenta uma crescente população urbana. No ano 1970, 57 % da população era urbana e estima se que se atinja 81% no 2025. O Uruguai é o país de América Latina de maior porcentagem de população urbana: 93%, em 2010. A Análise de Fluxos de Materiais (AFM) é una metodologia de avaliação do campo da economia ecológica que tem sido pouco considerada na planificação ou gestão urbana regional. Argumenta-se que essas abordagens são as que podem dar luz a um modelo de desenvolvimento de cidades mais sustentáveis, contribuindo para a definição de políticas publicas ambientais. O objetivo do trabalho é estimar quantitativamente o consumo doméstico de materiais (CDM) para a cidade de Montevidéu, no período entre os anos 2002 e 2009. Os principais desafios do trabalho foram a inexistência de metodologias de consenso de aplicação regional e a dificuldade na aquisição de dados, os quais se encontram em sua maioria desagregados em diferentes instituições públicas e privadas. O referencial metodológico adotado foi o proposto por EUROSTAT, aplicado a nível nacional pelas maiores economias da OCDE. O trabalho propõe uma estratégia de ponderação que permite a passagem da escala nacional á urbana, Os resultados obtidos evidenciam um aumento no consumo de materiais em Montevidéu na serie de anos analisada, sendo 80% deles de origem não renovável no ano 2009. A indústria da construção é responsável por mais de 50% do consumo total. A estimação quantitativa do CDM, para a cidade de Montevidéu, é um primeiro passo na identificação de alternativas para uma menor intensidade no uso de materiais, condição indispensável para um relacionamento mais equilibrado entre os sistemas socioeconômicos e o médio ambiente. O CDM de Montevidéu é uma ferramenta em processo, passível de ser aprimorada em futuros trabalhos. A principal dificuldade deste trabalho foi a compatibilização dos diferentes critérios de classificação de materiais da metodologia da EUROSTAT e das bases de dados nacionais.Cities can be defined as open systems that are highly dependent on their environment for the provision of natural resources and waste disposal. Although cities only cover 2% of the surface of the earth, they consume 75% of its resources. Currently, 50% of the world population lives in cities and it is estimated that this number will rise to 70% in the year 2050. This phenomenon is remarkable in Latin America. While in 1970 its urban population was 57%, it is expected to climb to 81% by 2025. In this context, Uruguay is the country of Latin America that present the higher rate of urban population: 93% (year 2010). The Material Flow Analysis (MFA) (an evaluation methodology from the field of ecological economics) has not been contemplated on regional planning and urban management. However, it is argued that these approaches can enlighten the development of more sustainable cities contributing to the definition of environmental public policy. The aim of this work is to quantify the domestic consumption of materials (fossils, minerals and biomass) for the city of Montevideo, Uruguay for the years 2006 and 2009. At this point, the main barriers are the lack of agreed on regional implementation methodologies and the difficulty with data acquisition. The methodological guide to be used is the one defined by Eurostat, applied nationally for several years by the greatest OECD economies. The paper proposes a weighting strategy that allows the passage from a national scale to an urban one.The results obtained for the period of time analized show an increase in consumption of materials and energy. For instance, the consumption of non-renewable sources reached 80% for the year of2009. On this period, the construction industry was responsible for the 50% of the total consumption. This diagnosis let us perceive the paths to follow in order to reduce the intensity of the use of materials and energy, wich is imperative to create a balanced relationship between socioeconomic systems and the environment. The DMC of Montevideo is a tool in the process, which can be improved in future works. The main difficulty of this work was to reconcile the different criteria of classification of materials from EUROSTAT methodology with national databases.
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Guimarães, Denise Adell de Freitas. "A decoração nas residências de elite: a produção material e simbólica dos espaços da casa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-25022011-094344/.
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Este estudo analisa e compara a decoração de interiores residenciais em setores da elite paulistana. A investigação desta prática é entendida como reveladora das suas funções sociais, tal como sua capacidade de afirmar posições sociais, expressar identidades, poder de consumo, e produzir distinções sociais no espaço físico da casa. O exame da dimensão material e simbólica destes espaços se dá através de entrevistas com moradores e do registro fotográfico dos interiores visitados. Outras duas fontes de informações contribuem ainda para esta análise: edições recentes de revistas sobre decoração de interiores em circulação no mercado editorial brasileiro, e entrevistas qualitativas com profissionais especializados em decoração residencial que trabalham para as elites paulistanas. A investigação do papel destas mídias no processo de produção dos espaços residenciais contemporâneos e das suas recepções pelos moradores entrevistados, juntamente à análise das percepções destes profissionais sobre as demandas de seus clientes, contribuem para a compreensão dos diversos aspectos da decoração de interiores tal como ela se apresenta no mundo de hoje.This study compares and analyses domestic interior decoration within sectors of the elites from the city of São Paulo. The investigation of such practice is here understood as one revealing of its social functions, as its capacities in affirming social positions, expressing identities, power of consumption, and producing social distinctions in the physical space of the home. The examination of the material and symbolic dimension of those spaces is accomplished trough interviews with residents and the photographic recording of the visited interiors. Two other sources of information also contribute to this analysis: recent editions of Brazilian magazines specialized in home decoration, and qualitative interviews with professionals dedicated to interior decoration who works for the São Paulos elites. The investigation of the role of these medias in the process of production of contemporary domestic interiors and its receptions from the interviewed residents along with the analysis of the perceptions of these professionals regarding the requirements of their clients contribute to the comprehension of the diversity of aspects of the interior decoration.
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Evans, Adrian Bruce. "Consumption and the exotic in early modern England : a socio-material investigation of the retail, domestic ownership and use of exotic goods in Suffolk and Bristol." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392953.
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Albin, Gräns. "Feto-Maternal : Communication in Broiler Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-53989.
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Bird incubation is a natural phenomenon that balances the needs of the parents for nourishment with the needs of the fetus for heat provision and protection. In this context, any means of communication between the fetus and the parents would have an adaptive value. The aim of the study was to investigate whether putative means of fetomaternal communication would correlate to physiological changes caused by environmental alterations. Oxygen consumption was used to measure fetal well being and six independent variables associated with fetal vocalizations and fetal movements were used to evaluate their potential for communicating the fetus statu quo. Broiler fetuses (Gallus gallus domesticus) of three developmental stages (day 18, internally pipped and externally pipped) were challenged by a stepwise reduction in ambient temperature down to 30ºC. A linear drop in oxygen consumption in response to lowered temperatures was found in all three developmental stages indicating that the fetus was affected by the temperature changes. No differences correlating with temperature variations were found in any of the variables associated with fetal vocalization. Fetal vocalizations are consequently not used to communicate the thermal status of the fetus. Movement occurrence, movement intensity and ventilation frequency, however, followed a “maximum peak” trend, with a highest response at the third temperature interval (35.0-35.5ºC). Considering that the lower limit of optimal development is between 35-36ºC, the results suggest that fetal movements can be of potential use to the incubating parent to assess the well-being of the fetus.
Books on the topic "Domestic material consumption"
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Pennell, Sara. Material Culture in Seventeenth-Century ‘Britain’: The Matter of Domestic Consumption. Edited by Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0004.
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This article focuses on three issues: the historiographies which have made the period prior to that in which Neil McKendrick confidently told us a ‘consumer revolution’ occurred both a necessary staging post en route to revolution and a prelapsarian era in striking contrast to it; the relative absence of ‘mundane materiality’ within these accounts; and consumption as a matter of practice, rather than as an abstract phenomenon in the ‘long’ seventeenth century in Britain (c .1600–1720). In this, it follows Joan Thirsk in her important 1975 Oxford University Ford Lectures, in accepting Jacobean and Stuart Britain (or at least England) as very much concerned with production for the ends of domestic consumption, in both senses of the word ‘domestic’. Through the case studies of objects very rarely found in public museum displays thanks to their ‘everyday’ qualities, the article then argues for a re-evaluation of non-elite consumption within the domestic sphere as significant within any story we might wish to tell of changing consumption practices and material culture in Britain across the seventeenth century.
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Gallo, Ester. The Illam and Its Dispersion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199469307.003.0005.
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Chapter four examines Nambudiri houses and the place they hold in the material phenomenology of kinship memories. Houses are understood here not only as ‘private domestic’ places but as domains where families’ engagement with political history is expressed, visualiszd (or hidden) in internal spatial dispositions, in the presentation of objects, in the daily routine, and in consumption practices. Indeed, houses are conceived as sites where kinship is ‘made’ by either reproducing the past, or by searching a distance from it. The social and symbolic significance of past Illams architecture (Nambudiri ancestral houses) is contrasted with the meanings ascribed to present middle-class dwellings and to the way people choose to inhabit the latter. The relation between gender, class mobility, and kinship will be developed by comparing middle-class Nambudiri men and women narratives.
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Deutsch, Tracey. Labor Histories of Food. Edited by Jeffrey M. Pilcher. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199729937.013.0004.
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Food and work are inextricably linked, but this relationship has never been straightforward. People have used a wide array of strategies to transform raw materials into food, and these strategies reflect the different social contexts and systems in which food has been eaten. This article explores the tremendous amount of labor necessary to produce food and establishes the central role of labor to studies of food history. It does so by focusing on food gathering, food production, and food consumption over time. after providing an overview of the early history of food work and the "commercial turn" that marked global food production and consumption beginning in the late middle ages, the article discusses three sites of food-related labor: the commercial world of food processing (especially manufacturing and retail), farms, and domestic spaces.
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Edwards, Clive, Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, Katherine L. French, Amanda Flather, Clive Edwards, Jane Hamlett, Despina Stratigakos, and Joanne Berry, eds. A Cultural History of the Home in the Age of Enlightenment. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474207164.
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During the period of the Enlightenment, the word ‘home’ could refer to a specific and defined physical living space, the location of domestic life, and a concept related to ideas of roots, origins, and retreat. The transformations that the Enlightenment encouraged created the circumstances for the concept of home to change and develop in the following three ways. First to influence homemaking were the literary and cultural manifestations that included issues around attitudes to education, social order and disorder, sensibility, and sexuality. Secondly, were the roles of visual and material culture of the home that demonstrated themselves through print, portraiture, literature, objects and products, and dress and fashion. Thirdly, were the industrial and sociological aspects that included concepts of luxury, progress, trade and technology, consumption, domesticity, and the notions of public and private spaces within a home. The chapters in this volume therefore discuss and reflect upon issues relating to the home through a range of approaches. Enlightenment homes are examined in terms of signification and meaning; the persons who inhabited them; the physical buildings and their furniture and furnishings; the work undertaken within them; the differing roles of men and women; the nature of hospitality, and the important role of religion in the home. Taken together they give a valuable overview of the manners, customs, and operation of the Enlightenment home.
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McLauchlin, J. Listeriosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0014.
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Listeriosis occurs in a variety of animals including humans, and most often affects the pregnant uterus, the central nervous system (CNS) or the bloodstream. During pregnancy, infection spreads to the foetus, which will either be born severely ill or die in-utero. In non-pregnant animals, listeriosis usually presents as meningitis, encephalitis. In humans, infection most often occurs in the immunocompromised and elderly, and to a lesser extent the pregnant woman, the unborn, or the newly delivered infant. Infection can be treated successfully with antibiotics, however 20–40% of human cases are fatal..In domestic animals (especially in sheep and goats) listeriosis usually presents as encephalitis, abortion, or septicaemia, and is a cause of considerable economic loss.The genus Listeria comprises six species of Gram-positive bacteria. Almost all cases of listeriosis are due to Listeria monocytogenes although up to 10% of cases in sheep are due to Listeria ivanovii.Listeriae are ubiquitous in the environment worldwide, especially in sites with decaying organic vegetable material. Many animals carry the organism in the faeces without serious infection. The consumption of contaminated food or feed is the principal route of transmission for both humans and animals, however other means of transmission occur.Human listeriosis is rare (<1 to > 10 cases per million people in North America and Western Europe), but because of the high mortality rate, it is amongst the most important causes of death from food-borne infections in industrialized countries. In the UK, human listeriosis is the biggest single cause of death from a preventable food-borne disease. Listeriosis in domestic animals is a cause of considerable economic loss. Control measures should be directed towards both to exclude Listeria from food or feed as well as inhibiting its multiplication and survival. Silage which is spoiled or mouldy should not be used, and care should be taken to maintain anaerobic conditions for as long as possible.Dietary advice is available for disease prevention, particularly targeted at ‘at risk’ individuals to modify their diet to avoid eating specific foods such as soft cheese and pâté.
Book chapters on the topic "Domestic material consumption"
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Burman, Barbara, and Jonathan White. "Fanny’s Pockets: Cotton, Consumption and Domestic Economy, 1780–1850." In Women and Material Culture, 1660–1830, 31–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230223097_3.
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Bununu, Yakubu Aliyu. "Domestic Material Consumption, Our Modern Economies, Lifestyles and Environmental Sustainability." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71058-7_9-1.
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Bununu, Yakubu Aliyu. "Domestic Material Consumption, Our Modern Economies, Lifestyles, and Environmental Sustainability." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 300–311. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95867-5_9.
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Matsaganis, Manos. "Living Standards in Southern Europe over the Long Run." In Europe's Income, Wealth, Consumption, and Inequality, 151–76. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197545706.003.0004.
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This chapter reviews how material conditions improved in Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece over many decades from the postwar period to the onset of the Eurozone crisis and the Great Recession; how Southern Europe lost ground in the 2010s; and how changes in living standards affected different population groups. The chapter unfolds in 15 short sections. Section 4.1 sets the scene by briefly discussing similarities and differences between the four countries. Section 4.2 recounts how life in Southern Europe was transformed since the mid-20th century in terms of material well-being. Sections 4.3–4.14 look at changes in gross domestic product, consumption, investment, labour productivity, employment, education attainment, population health, social spending, income inequality, poverty and social exclusion, the distribution of wealth, and life satisfaction. Section 4.15 concludes.
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Belman, Juan Manuel, and Armando Gallegos. "Implementation of Thermal and Energy Improvements in Domestic Refrigeration." In Handbook of Research on Advances and Applications in Refrigeration Systems and Technologies, 641–59. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8398-3.ch017.
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This chapter concisely discusses two case studies experiences on domestic refrigeration. One of the cases involves the theoretical and experimental analysis of the thermal profile in the compartments of a refrigerator, all this under the modeling and simulation through CFD, thus obtaining interesting results in terms of energy consumption. The second case is focus on the thermal and energy evaluation of new material proposed as thermal insulator, which was developed in a conventional way in the laboratory and presents convenient thermal features. Therefore, the guidelines for this chapter are aimed at finding mechanism that streamline the domestic refrigeration systems, without modifying its cooling performance.
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Sniezhkin, Yurii, Raisa Shapar, and Olena Husarova. "GRINDING AND FRACTIONATION OF DRIED PLANT MATERIALS." In Priority areas for development of scientific research: domestic and foreign experience. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-049-0-35.
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In the absence of large-scale pectin production in Ukraine, pectin-containing powders are an alternative source. They are used as natural additives in the manufacture of health products, due primarily to the presence of pectin, as well as other useful natural components of raw materials. The purpose of the work is to conduct research on the dispersion and fractionation of dried plant materials and to determine the energy-saving regimes of these processes. The task of the research is to develop optimal modes of dispersion of dried plant materials; determine the depend-ence of the micromill performance and power consumption on the rotation speed of the dispersant rotor; to establish the influence of the load on the sieve and the scattering time on the fractionation process. Objects, equipment and research methods. Dried pectin-containing apples and table beets were used as research objects. Studies of the dispersion process were performed on an micromill (8-MM), the coarse part was ground on a disintegrator (ДЕЗІ), the study of the dispersed composition of powders was carried out on the device 029. The paper analyzes the existing methods of grinding and equipment for its implementation. The analysis showed that percussion mills are the most suitable for grinding dried pectin-containing apples and table beets. The dispersed composition of pectin-containing powders is determined in the article. The influence of material loading on the sieve and scattering time on the yield of the fine fraction was investigated. It is proved that the scattering process is more influenced by the scattering time. The paper graphically shows the effect of rotor speed on the equivalent particle diameter and powder dispersion; differential and integral particle distribution curves depending on rotor speed and scattering time for apple and beet powders; the dependence of micromill productivity and power consumption on the speed of the disperser rotor, etc. The optimal operating speed of the rotor is 50 m/s. At this speed, energy consumption for grinding dried materials is minimal. It is proved that the fractionation process almost does not depend on the load on the sieve, but depends on the scattering time. It is impractical to increase the process duration over 3 minutes. Increasing the time to 4 minutes increases the mass of the fine fraction by only 2…5%. The yield of the fine fraction of powders according to the optimal modes of dispersion and separation is: apple – 65...68%, beet – 62...65%. The possibility of re-grinding in order to increase the fine fraction yield is shown. Conclusions. According to the results of the research, the optimal dispersion regimes, the dependence of micromill productivity and power consumption on the dispersant rotor speed, as well as the effect of load on the sieve and scattering time of apple and beet powders on the fractionation process are determined. On the basis of the conducted researches energy-saving conditions of processes of dispersion and fractionation of pectin-containing powders and proper work of the corresponding equipment are defined.
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Abou-Hodeib, Toufoul. "Local Forms and Ifranji Pleasures." In A Taste for Home. Stanford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804799799.003.0006.
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Looking beyond the anxiety over “ifranji” influence, this chapter examines how popular domestic items were marketed, the outlets where they could be acquired, and the labor, material, and styles that went into their production. The chapter shows how advertisements in the press promoted the latest fashionable imports while trying to advocate local industries. In addition, both modern and old inner city souks were not set apart by imported and traditional goods, respectively, but rather by a growing separation between areas of production and consumption across the city. Finally, the most popular domestic items involved labor, raw material, and stylistic influences that cut across the local, regional, and global levels. This crisscrossing not only rendered the line between ifranji and Oriental difficult to trace in reality, but also complicated the intellectual project of middle-class modernity.
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Brückner, Martin. "Private Properties." In Social Life of Maps in America, 1750-1860. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469632605.003.0005.
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This chapter examines private map spectacles as they unfolded in American homes between 1750 and 1860. Using advertisements, probate records, and personal correspondence, it shows that private consumption of large maps and maps displays grew at an astounding rate after 1750 and continued to do so well into the nineteenth century. Pursuing two lines of inquiry, the chapter first examines the history of map marketing by recovering the way in which the American marketplace of prints packaged large maps as desirable commodities and decorative objects intended for private consumption. Second, the chapter reconstructs map displays inside domestic architecture in relation to the material culture and ritual practices of everyday life. Ultimately, this chapter explores the spatial work of wall maps in private places in order to balance the previous examination of public map displays with the way in which maps became entangled in the visual culture and cultural life of the American private sphere.
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Harding, Dennis. "Animal burials and animal symbolism." In Death and Burial in Iron Age Britain. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199687565.003.0014.
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Animal remains may be deposited archaeologically in a great variety of circumstances, many of which must reflect their role in the domestic and agricultural economy of Iron Age communities, and result from normal disposal of the residues of butchery or consumption. In some circumstances the reason for disposal will have been death through disease or misadventure. The case of the cow in pit 61 of the phase 3 settlement at Gussage All Saints (Wainwright, 1979) that apparently died in calving is a case in point, though it is not clear why this animal was not processed for consumption, and we may suspect that an inauspicious omen was inferred that may have resulted in some special act of deposition. Ritual killing of animals, nevertheless, has been attested throughout Europe from earliest prehistory to the medieval period (Pluskowski, 2011). In reviewing animal sacrifices among the Gauls, Méniel (1992) divided the evidence into three principal categories of deposits found in habitation sites, in cemeteries, and in sanctuaires. The special character of those found on sanctuary sites, or accompanying human burials, individually or in cemeteries, is implicit from context, but animal burials that may have been deposited ritually on habitation sites are more difficult to distinguish from other forms of domestic or agricultural discard. The key problem, of course, is distinguishing ‘special deposits’ from normal butchery waste, which itself may have been disposed of in a systematic but not ritually significant fashion, a notion that was first advanced by Maltby (1985b) in the context of the Winnall Down animal remains. Despite interest generated by the Danebury project in special treatment of animal remains, the majority of faunal material from the 1985–6 excavations at Maiden Castle (Sharples, 1991a) was interpreted as the product of animal husbandry for domestic consumption or secondary products. Even in the few instances in which a possible ritual dimension was conceded, the animal remains showed evidence of butchery, involving removal of skins and flesh and disarticulation of the skeletons. Special treatment in particular may have been accorded to dogs (Smith, 2006).
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Casimiro, Tânia Manuel, José Luís Neto, Luís Borges, and Pedro Parreira. "Arqueologia na ilha do Corvo… em busca da capela de Nossa Senhora do Rosário." In Arqueologia em Portugal 2020 - Estado da Questão - Textos, 2047–58. Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses e CITCEM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/978-989-8970-25-1/arqa153.
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From 2014 to 2018, four archaeological expeditions took place in Corvo island, on the Azorean archipelago, seeking to encourage stronger relationships between its local historical and archaeological heritage, and the local community. The main goal of these campaigns was to locate the remains of the Nossa Senhora do Rosário chapel, the first religious temple of the island built on the late sixteenth century. The excavations did not permit the identification of the chapel, however provided new contributions towards the study of the everyday life of that small island, located on the periphery of the European world, though connected to the great transatlantic routes of the Modern Age. The material culture provided new evidence regarding the human occupation of that territory, between the 16th and the 20th century, concerning domestic activities, food consumption and economic realities.
Conference papers on the topic "Domestic material consumption"
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Hiromatsu, M., T. Yamamura, T. Chikata, T. Sekido, S. Ohama, H. Miyagawa, I. Murakami, and S. Seki. "Research and Development Status of Advanced Material Gas-Generator (AMG) Project." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-287.
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Advanced Material Gas-Generator (AMG) R&D Project was initiated in 1993 as a ten year’s program with a joint investment from Japan Key Technology Center and fourteen participating domestic companies. The program objective is to establish basic key technologies for next generation gas-generator using advanced materials, which should have the features of significantly low fuel consumption with reduced weight and size, and should be environmentally acceptable, toward the realization of future industrial, marine and aerospace gas-turbine. The R&D themes in this project cover advanced gas-generator conceptual study, advanced material and structures, innovative system and control, and advanced components technologies such as low NOx combustor. Each R&D theme is underway toward achieving the program goal. The 1st conceptual drawing of the advanced material gas-generator is completed as the result of the conceptual study. PMC (Polymer Matrix Composites), MMC (Metal Matrix Composites), CMC (Ceramic Matrix Composites) and TiAl (Titanium-Aluminide) are considered as the candidate material for the advanced material gas-generator. This paper introduces the outline of this project, and describes the status of conceptual study and each R&D themes.
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Marcelino-Jesus, Elsa, Andreia Artifice, Joao Sarraipa, Fernando Luís-Ferreira, Elisabeth Ilie-Zudor, and Ricardo Jardim-Goncalves. "Aquaculture Production Processes and Training Validation Through Serious Games." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66941.
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Nowadays, and due to the shortage of wild fish in our seas, rivers and lakes has led to the growth of the aquaculture industry and consequently to the increase of existing aquaculture fish in the markets for domestic consumption to a global scale. In this sense, aquaculture plays a central role to feed the world population in a healthy way and simultaneously for the preservation of the aquatic ecosystems. Thus, the aquaculture production process can be determined by several factors namely biological, technological, economic, and environmental. The authors intend to address and validate such factors related to production processes in the AquaSmart project using serious games. The Serious Games strategy proposes to demonstrate the technological results of the project, namely data analytics tools able to generate new knowledge to improve aquaculture production processes. Additionally, it also intends to work as supporting training and marketing material, validating both the tools and the training programme.
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Landi, Daniele, Paolo Cicconi, Michele Germani, and Anna Costanza Russo. "A Methodological Approach to Support the Design of Induction Hobs." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65661.
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Nowadays in many industrial applications, i.e. electrical household appliances, it is necessary to have a robust and safe control for some variables involved in the analysis of the performances of different products. In addition, the recent eco-design directives require products increasingly eco-friendly and eco-efficient, preserving high-performance but a low power consumption. For these reasons, the physical prototypes of products require many expensive and complex tests in term of time, resources and qualified personnel involved. To overcome these limitations, the proposed approach is focused on the use of virtual prototyping tools, which support and reduce the expensive physical experiments. The main objective of this paper is the development, implementation and testing of an innovative methodology, which could be an improvement for the sustainable design of induction hobs. Induction heating applied to the domestic cooking has significantly evolved since the first cooking hobs appeared. Different issues such as maximum power available for heating a pot, dimensional compactness of the hobs, or inverter electronics efficiency have achieved a great development. The proposed methodology provides the development of a multi-physic model which is able to estimate the efficiency of the induction hobs starting from the design data of the project. In particular, the multi-physic model is composed by an electromagnetic simulation and a thermal simulation. The electromagnetic simulation, starting from electrical values such as voltage, current and frequency, is able to simulate the eddy current induced in the bottom of the pot, and resistance leads to the Joulean heating of the material. The thermal simulation is able to measure the energy consumption during the operational phase and the temperature reached by the materials. Therefore, the thermal power obtained by the Joulean heating is, at the same time, the output of the electromagnetic simulation and the input of the thermal one. The proposed model can be applied to design product and simulate the performance considering different operating conditions such as different types of cookers, different coils and different materials. Through the use of virtual prototyping tools is possible to control the heat flux on the whole system (stove, pot, water), and to evaluate the energy efficiency during the operational phase. The proposed tool makes the product-engineer more aware about decision-making strategies in order to achieve an energy saving, calculated over the whole life cycle.
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Ciotti, Marco, Jorge L. Manzano, Vladimir Kuznetsov, Galina Fesenko, Luisa Ferroni, and Fabio Giannetti. "Scenario Analysis on the Benefits of Multi-National Cooperation for the Development of a Common Nuclear Energy System Based on PWR and LFR Fleets." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31012.
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Financial aspects, environmental concerns and non-favorable public opinion are strongly conditioning the deployment of new Nuclear Energy Systems across Europe. Nevertheless, new possibilities are emerging to render competitive electricity from Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) owing to two factors: the first one, which is the fast growth of High Voltage lines interconnecting the European countries’ national electrical grids, this process being triggered by huge increase of the installed intermittent renewable electricity sources (Wind and PV); and the second one, determined by the carbon-free constraints imposed on the base load electricity generation. The countries that due to public opinion pressure can’t build new NPPs on their territory may find it profitable to produce base load nuclear electricity abroad, even at long distances, in order to comply with the European dispositions on the limitation of the CO2 emissions. In this study the benefits from operating at multinational level with the deployment of a fleet of PWRs and subsequently, at a proper time, the one of Lead Fast Reactors (LFRs) are analyzed. The analysis performed involves Italy (a country with a current moratorium on nuclear power on spite that its biggest utility operates NPPs abroad), and the countries from South East and Central East Europe potentially looking for introduction or expansion of their nuclear power programmes. According to the predicted evolution of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) a forecast of the electricity consumption evolution for the present century is derived with the assumption that a certain fraction of it will be covered by nuclear electricity. In this context, evaluated are material balances for the front and the back end of nuclear fuel cycle associated with the installed nuclear capacity. A key element of the analysis is the particular type of LFR assumed in the scenario, characterized by having a fuel cycle where only fission products and the reprocessing losses are sent for disposition and natural or depleted uranium is added to fuel in each reprocessing cycle. Such LFR could be referred to as “adiabatic reactor”. Owing to introduction of such reactors a substantive reduction in uranium consumption and final disposal requirements can be achieved. Finally, the impacts of the LFR and the economy of scale in nuclear fuel cycle on the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) are being evaluated, for scaling up from a national to a multinational dimension, illustrating the benefits potentially achievable through cooperation among countries.
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Zafar, Sayem, and Mohamed Gadalla. "Design and Evaluation of a Rooftop Wind Turbine Rotor With Untwisted Blades." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98217.
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A small horizontal axis wind turbine rotor was designed and tested with aerodynamically efficient, economical and easy to manufacture blades. Basic blade aerodynamic analysis was conducted using commercially available software. The blade span was constrained such that the complete wind turbine can be rooftop mountable with the envisioned wind turbine height of around 8 m. The blade was designed without any taper or twist to comply with the low cost and ease of manufacturing requirements. The aerodynamic analysis suggested laminar flow airfoils to be the most efficient airfoils for such use. Using NACA 63-418 airfoil, a rectangular blade geometry was selected with chord length of 0.27[m] and span of 1.52[m]. Glass reinforced plastic was used as the blade material for low cost and favorable strength to weight ratio with a skin thickness of 1[mm]. Because of the resultant velocity changes with respect to the blade span, while the blade is rotating, an optimal installed angle of attack was to be determined. The installed angle of attack was required to produce the highest possible rotation under usual wind speeds while start at relatively low speed. Tests were conducted at multiple wind speeds with blades mounted on free rotating shaft. The turbine was tested for three different installed angles and rotational speeds were recorded. The result showed increase in rotational speed with the increase in blade angle away from the free-stream velocity direction while the start-up speeds were found to be within close range of each other. At the optimal angle was found to be 22° from the plane of rotation. The results seem very promising for a low cost small wind turbine with no twist and taper in the blade. The tests established that non-twisted wind turbine blades, when used for rooftop small wind turbines, can generate useable electrical power for domestic consumption. It also established that, for small wind turbines, non-twisted, non-tapered blades provide an economical yet productive alternative to the existing complex wind turbine blades.
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Alva, Luis H., Jorge E. Gonza´lez, and John B. Hertz. "Impact of Construction Materials in the Energy Consumption in Homes in the Caribbean." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76188.
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This investigation presents the thermal analysis of an experimental, low energy consuming home for low-income families, located in Puerto Rico, where the prevailing climate is hot and humid. The objective of this analysis is to aid in the design of energy efficient homes, which in turn will reduce energy consumption in the Island. This investigation compares the analysis of this experimental house, specifically designed for the tropics, to a similarly sized, conventionally built low-cost home. Different construction materials are evaluated in conjunction with the use of either natural ventilation or air conditioning. The impact of natural ventilation is analyzed, with results for the inside temperature and interior heat removal presented and compared. Additional energy saving strategies are evaluated, including solar thermal energy for domestic hot water production, daylighting and the use of energy efficient lights. The annual energy consumption of the proposed experimental home is calculated and compared with the energy consumption of the conventional house. The thermal load of the house is calculated through the use of mathematical simulations of the dynamic annual cooling load using well-known software such as Energy-Plus for a TMY for San Juan, Puerto Rico. Results for the inside temperature of the experimental house, the heat loss due to natural ventilation, the cooling load when air conditioning is used, and energy consumption are presented and compared with the conventional house. Results indicate that the experimental house is 30% more energy efficient when all the energy saving strategies are considered.
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Skop, Helen, and Yaroslav Chudnovsky. "Strategy for Integrated Use of the Industrial Waste Heat." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14176.
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The domestic industrial sector uses over 32 quads of energy that represents one-third of the total energy consumed annually in United States of America. Energy consumption details can be found at www.eia.doe.gov/aer/. Obviously, that the efficient use of available energy has a substantial impact on the competitiveness of domestic manufacturers as well as on the environment. Efficient conversion of raw materials into usable products and usable work/energy strictly depends on the commercially available technologies and equipment. Energy efficiency significantly varies across multiple industries and different applications but one of the major energy losses is thermal energy loss, so-called waste heat. Sources of the waste heat comprise of variety of gaseous exhausts, waste process liquids, cooling media, chemical waste and environmental losses. Over 30 years the engineering community has been trying to develop cost-effective approaches for waste heat recovery and utilization. However, so far there is no universal and cost-effective solution or approach for the industrial waste heat recovery and utilization. In this paper authors discuss an integrated strategy of the industrial waste heat use through the consideration of the closest surrounding of the waste heat source and other types of waste (chemical, mechanical, acoustical, etc.) along with most promising heat exchanger design concepts to be appropriate for integrated waste heat recovery and utilization.
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Desideri, U., S. Proietti, F. Zepparelli, P. Sdringola, and E. Cenci. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Reflective Foil Material and Comparison With Other Solutions for Thermal Insulation of Buildings." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54786.
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In the last twenty years, the exploitation of non-renewable resources and the effects of their applications on environment and human health were considered central topics in political and scientific debate on European and worldwide scale. This kind of resources have been used in different sectors, as energy systems, technological research, but also in private/public buildings and production of consumer goods, involving significantly domestic and ordinary life of every human being. Studies about the effect of this exploitation carried out discouraging results, in terms of climate changes and energy sustenance; this determined a progressive approach process to a new concept of development, able to couple the qualitative standard of modern life with the respect of planet and its inhabitants. Starting from this reflection, scientific community moved towards research on alternative resources and developed a new way to conceive planning process and technical innovations, in order to exploit renewable energies and recycled materials, promote energy savings and reduce environmental pollution. In this context the present paper aims at evaluating benefits relating to different solutions of thermal insulation in building envelope. In fact a high grade of insulation ensures better comfort conditions in inner spaces, reducing energy consumptions due to heating and cooling conditioning. The paper presents the results of a detailed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the reflective foil ISOLIVING, conceived and produced by an Italian company. The Life Cycle Assessment methodology allows to consider all stages of the life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials to the product’s disposal, in an optics “from cradle to grave.” In particular, the study takes into account the production phase of the reflective foil ISOLIVING, the installation phase, the transport of all components to the production site and also the end of life scenario of the material. The possibility to collect many detailed information about the production phase adds value to the study. The analysis is carried out according to UNI EN ISO 14040 and UNI EN ISO 14044, which regulate the LCA procedure. The LCA modeling was performed using SimaPro software application. The results of the analysis allow to make an important comparison concerning the environmental performances, between the reflective foil ISOLIVING and other types of insulating materials.
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Luttrell, Jeff, and Dereje Agonafer. "Solar Assisted Household Clothes Dryer." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90095.
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Energy savings for domestic appliances have been an emphasis for several years. The efficiencies of several appliances have improved dramatically as a result of this attention. Refrigerator, water heater, and washing machine energy consumptions have been reduced. One appliance has not experienced significant improvement, the clothes dryer. Typical household clothes dryers use large amounts of electricity or natural gas to heat air that is circulated with the clothes. The energy to heat the air is a function of the amount of air and heat needed to remove moisture from the clothes. Using solar heat to augment or replace the other energy sources can provide significant energy savings. Conventional house construction includes features which collect and concentrate solar energy in the air occupying the attic space. Typical home design provides a roof which functions as a large area solar energy collector. Many roofing materials have solar absorption of 80% or more. Insulation of the roof decking is uncommon so that absorbed solar heat conducts through and heats the attic air. Through simple, low-cost ducting and minor modification of a clothes dryer air inlet, this energy resource becomes available for use. This study evaluates the potential energy savings of using solar-heated attic air as a clothes dryer air source. Considering house construction as well as seasonal and regional climate variations, attic air can augment and may fully replace utility energy as the heat source for drying air during daylight hours when solar energy is incident on the roof. The energy savings can be up to 3.5 kilowatt hours (or the heating equivalent for natural gas) for each dryer load.