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Semmens, Kristin Anne. "Domestic tourism in the Third Reich." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619571.
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Yap, Ghialy C. "An econometric analysis of Australian domestic tourism demand." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2010. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/121.
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In 2007, the total spending by domestic visitors was AUD 43 billion, which was 1.5 times higher than the aggregate expenditure by international tourists in Australia. Moreover, domestic visitors consumed 73.7% of the Australian produced tourism goods and services whereas international tourists consumed 26.3%. Hence, this shows that domestic tourism is an important sector for the overall tourism industry in Australia. This present research determines the factors that influence domestic tourism demand in Australia and examines how changes in the economic environment in Australia could influence this demand. The main aim of this research is to achieve sustainability of domestic tourism businesses in Australia. In Chapters Two and Three, a review of the tourism demand literature is conducted. Most of the empirical papers argued that household income and travel prices are the main demand determinants. However, the literature has largely neglected other possible indicators, namely consumers‟ perceptions of the future economy, household debt and working hours, which may play an important role in influencing domestic tourism demand in Australia. The PhD thesis is divided into three parts. For the initial phase, a preliminary study is conducted using Johansen‟s cointegration analysis to examine the short- and long-run coefficients for the determinants of Australian domestic tourism demand. In the next section of this thesis, an alternative approach using panel data analysis to estimate the income and price elasticities of the demand is applied, as a panel data framework provides more information from the data and more degrees of freedom. In the final section, this thesis also investigates whether other factors (such as the consumer sentiment index, and measures of household debt and working hours) influence Australians‟ demand for domestic trips. This study reveals several distinct findings. First, the income elasticity for domestic visitors of friends and relatives (VFR) and interstate trips is negative, implying that Australian households will not choose to travel domestically when there is an increase in household income. In contrast, the study finds that the income variables are positively vi correlated with domestic business tourism demand, indicating that the demand is strongly responsive to changes in Australia‟s economic conditions. Second, an increase in the current prices of domestic travel can cause the demand for domestic trips to fall in the next one or two quarters ahead. Third, the coefficients for lagged dependent variables are negative, indicating perhaps, that trips are made on a periodic basis. Finally, to a certain extent, the consumer sentiment index, household debt and working hours have significant influences on domestic tourism demand. The current econometric analysis has significant implications for practitioners. A better understanding of income and travel cost impacts on Australian households‟ demand allows tourism companies to develop price strategies more effectively. Moreover, tourism researchers can use these indicators (such as measures of consumers‟ confidence about their future economy, household debt and working hours) to investigate how changes in these factors may have an impact on individual decisions to travel.
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Leong, Foong-Peng. "Tourism development in Malaysia, the role of domestic tourism in national integration." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22092.pdf.
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Leong, Foong-Peng Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Tourism development in Malaysia: the role of domestic tourism in national integration." Ottawa, 1997.
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Kruger, Nakkie Annemarie. "A strategy for the development of domestic tourism in South Africa / Nakkie Annemarie Kruger." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/560.
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The primary goal of this study was to determine the factors that have an influence on
the development and expansion of domestic tourism in South Africa.
Three objectives were derived from the primary research goal.
In the first instance, domestic tourism and the role it plays was analysed by
conducting a literature study on all the available constructs as well as the concept of
domestic tourism.
The second objective was to analyse domestic tourism in the different provinces
(strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, since after all, it is the function of
the provinces to promote domestic tourism).
The third objective focused on the results of an empirical study.
In July 2003 two hundred questionnaires were e-mailed and faxed. 108 replies were
received. Aspects covered by the questionnaire included obstacles to tourism,
opportunities, tendencies, trends, growth and the key success factors of domestic
tourism.
The survey was directed at all involved in tourism planning and management: in the
public and private sector, as well as specialists from the national, provincial and local
authorities. As far as the private sector is concerned, specialists from hotel groups,
like Sun International and Southern Sun, as well as tour operators, such as
Springbok, Atlas and Welcome Tours, and organisations, like The South African
Tourism Service Association (SATSA), Federated Hospitality Association of South
Africa (FEDHASA) and Association of South African Travels Agents (ASATA), were
approached.
The purpose of the research was to shed light on what South Africa can do to
advance domestic tourism. It also attempted to elucidate the role the government and
product owners should play on various levels.
From responses to the questionnaire it became clear that domestic products are
offered at competitive prices. Product owners, however, have to guard against too
high prices.
Product owners are to know their markets and understand current industry needs to
market products more effectively.<br>Thesis (M.A. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Short, Frances. "Domestic cooking and cooking skills in late twentieth century England." Thesis, University of West London, 2002. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/382/.
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This study came about in response to the interest in, and concern about, domestic cooking and cooking skills that has arisen in recent years. It critically reviews the current state of thinking about cooking and cooking skills, provides a critique of both popular and academic discourse and proposes new opportunities for policy and future research. With little existing empirically acquired knowledge and no theoretical convention for the study of cooking and cooking skills, the primary research was designed to be exploratory and to provide systematically researched insights and understanding. It took a qualitative approach in order to provide intricate detail about people's domestic cooking practices, the skills they use, and their beliefs and opinions about cooking in the home and a systematically researched understanding of these aspects of cooking. The findings revealed that "cooking skills" could be seen specifically as the skills of domestic cooking (as opposed to those of professional cooking) and as either "task centred" (the skills involved in a particular task) or as "person centred" (the skills of an individual carrying out a task in a particular context). They also revealed that the informant's (domestic) "cooking skills" consisted of many different types of perceptual and conceptual skills as well as mechanical skills and academic knowledge. The findings revealed that the informants had very individual approaches towards domestic cooking but that there were many beliefs and opinions that they shared. The research also found that there was a complex "interrelationship" between the informants' domestic cooking skills, their approaches towards domestic cooking and their domestic cooking practices and food choice. The findings of this study provide an additional and different perspective of the relationship between domestic food provision, cooking and cooking skills allowing the development of relevant debates and concerns. They clarify that cooking skills are an influence on food choice but show that this influence is complex. They challenge current theoretical explanations of the impact of technology on domestic cooking and food provision, for example, and the deskilling of the domestic cook.
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Nomura, Miki. "Souvenir purchase patterns of domestic tourists case study of Takayama City, Japan /." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002nomuram.pdf.
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Pookaiyaudom, Gulapish. "A comparative analysis of international and domestic tourists' perceptions of community-based tourism : the case of Pai, Thailand." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2012. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/6774/.
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Community Based Tourism (CBT) emerged during the 1980s as a result of the increasing need to define and implement ways of addressing the challenges of tourism development in the destination through a ‘community approach’. It has since become a popular approach to tourism development that seeks to address the negative environmental and social impacts derived from such development whilst adopting the principles of sustainable development. Unsurprisingly, given its focus on benefiting and engaging local destination communities within tourism development, CBT has also attracted a significant degree of academic attention. However, such attention has been concerned primarily with the planning and management of CBT from a ‘supply’ perspective; conversely, a gap in the literature exists in regards to considering CBT as a tourism product in general, and from the perspectives and experiences of tourists in particular. In other words, limited attention has been paid to the demand for CBT as a tourism ‘product’. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to address this gap by developing an understanding of CBT from not only the perspective of the supply side but also from the perspective of the consumer, more specifically, both international and domestic tourists. Consequently, Pai, a well-known destination in Thailand for both international and domestic tourists was selected as a case study. Given the focus of this study on seeking to identify and appraise the perceptions and experiences of tourists consuming the CBT product, in-depth interviews were conducted to obtain rich and detailed data, the samples comprising 25 domestic and 25 international tourists. In addition, interviews were undertaken with the supply-side stakeholders, including three representatives of the local public sector administration and eight private sector respondents, including entrepreneurs and members of the local community, in order to understand the current situation with regards to CBT development in Pai. Brochure contents analysis was also undertaken in order to identify the contemporary ‘induced’ destination image of Pai as one influence on the destination choice and decision making process made by tourists. The outcomes of the interviews and contents analysis, along with a cross-cultural analysis of the responses of international and domestic tourists, revealed that the destination images held by both groups of tourists matched those portrayed by tour operators in the brochures. However, tourist knowledge and recognition of CBT in general, and Pai as a CBT destination in particular, were found to be limited. Nevertheless, international visitors in particular perceived the authenticity of the destination more so than domestic tourists, reflecting the differing characteristics and motivations based on their own cultures. Furthermore the community itself lacked the participation and unity required for CBT to be effective. Hence, this study concludes that not only does a destination such as Pai, that originally developed within a community based development policy framework, face significant challenges in developing tourism according to the principles of CBT, but also that tourist themselves have difficulty in understanding the concept of CBT. Nevertheless, the study reveals that, despite the differing perceptions and demands of international and domestic tourists, the potential exists to develop tourism in Pai to bring greater benefit to the local community. Therefore, the thesis proposes collaborative plans that are necessary to allow CBT managers to better design and develop strategies that enhance the community’s benefits from tourism, whilst meeting the needs of both international and domestic tourists.
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Коваленко, Олександр Вікторович, та Oleksandr Viktorovych Kovalenko. "Внутрішній туризм за видами як пріоритетний напрямок розвитку туристичної галузі України". Київський національний торгово-економічний університет, 2016. http://repository.sspu.sumy.ua/handle/123456789/7134.
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В даній роботі зазначено, що в загальному розумінні, термін «внутрішній туризм» можна визначити, як туризм в межах однієї «своєї» держави, тобто без виїзду за кордон. У даних подорожах існує маса переваг, наприклад, не потрібно робити закордонний паспорт та оформлювати візу, знати іноземну мову, витрачати неймовірні суми грошей на авіа перельоти і бронювання готелів, також немає складнощів з обміном валюти та інше. В даний момент практично будь-якому із закордонних курортів можна знайти гідну заміну в Україні.<br>In this paper, it is noted that in the general sense, the term "domestic tourism" can be defined as tourism within one "own" state, that is, without going abroad. There are many benefits to travel, for example, you do not need to make a passport and apply for a visa, know a foreign language, spend incredible amounts of money on air travel and booking hotels, there is also no difficulty in exchanging currency, and so on. Currently, almost any of the overseas resorts can be found worthy replacement in Ukraine.
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Fakhar, Anwarul Haque. "Factors affecting tourism, tourism potential and strategies for development as an Industry in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business and Economic Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6520.
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<p>Pakistan is a home of approximately 160 million people and most of the population is earning lessthan US$ 1 per day. Pakistan just like any other beautiful European country is a big market fortourism because it offers not only beauty of nature but also variety and diversity in cultures.Infacttourism is the most profitable and entrepreneurial business, especially for people living in the mountain areas as it creates new job opportunities and reduces the unemployment level for them. But unfortunately, tourists’ visit to Pakistan is decreasing tremendously with ups and downs each year.</p><p> </p><p>Therefore, the purpose of my thesis is to search for the positive and negative factors affecting the tourism industry in Pakistan, to compare the performance of our tourism industry to some potential neighbouring countries to see where Pakistan stands and lacks in terms of competitiveness, to find the role of government towards the improvment of this industry and to suggest some possible strategies for the improvement of this industry.</p><p> </p><p>The primary data was collected by conducting interviews and survey questionnaires inside and outside the country from domestic and international tourists in 2007 and 2008. My son and close relatives in Belgium, Sweden and UK helped me in getting the questionnaire filled by foreigners to study their views about Pakistan as tourist place. The secondary data was collected through my personal visit to PTDC and Ministry of Tourism.</p><p> </p><p>The estimated results revile that the poor accessibility, under development, fragility, marginality and the continuous social / political problems of the country are the factors that have redcued the tourist visit ratio to Pakistan. Secondly, the Governmnet of Pakistan has also failed to implement policies and strategies that could have proved a stimulator for the tourism industry.</p><p> </p><p>The conclusion drawn from the collected data is that the tourism industry of Pakistan has a lot of ups and downs in alternate years i.e. from 1995 till 2008 showing the worst year of tourism in 2008.The reasons for this fall lie in the political and social problems of the country and lack of active participation of tourism authorities. Domestic and international tourists love the nature, culture and food of Pakistan and 80% of them want to travel around pakistan but unfortunately the insurgency and lack of facilities have resulted in the falling rate of their travel.</p><p> </p><p>My suggestions for the progress of this industry are that the Governments should show seriousness towards the tourism industry and take necessary steps like improving the tourism infrastructure, controll the insergency in the country as soon as possible, build strong relationships with outside world, portray the positive image of Pakistan via media etc so that the rank and standard of Pakistans tourism industry can improve globally.</p><p> </p><p>Research limitations that I faced during data collection includes the limited information sharing by the PTDC and Ministry of Tourism as their data is not up dated properly. Secondly there is a lot of difficulty in finding local and international potential tourists due to the political and social disturbance in the country and also the shy and introvert behaviour of the people especially women. Therefore, I also made use of the idea of conducting survey outside the country.</p><p> </p><p>The important aspect or value of this research is that it has brought in to consideration almost all the important factors that are effecting the tourism industry according to the view of potential tourists and at the end provide some suggestions that can improve the current deterioating condition of this industry.</p>
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Pu, Hsin-Hui. "A methodology for exploring tourists' choice of holiday destinations : the case of English seaside resorts." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/667/.
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Bogari, Naima Bakor. "Motivation for domestic tourism : a case study of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2002. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/4664/.
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In Saudi Arabia there is a growing amount of leisure time and a high percentage of disposable income is being spent on various forms of tourism; such trends have increased the number of Saudis travelling to tourist destinations, internationally or domestically. Spending the annual holiday away from Saudi is normal for most Saudi families and it is estimated that the total expenditure on domestic tourism in Saudi Arabia is only 16.7% of total tourism expenditure. International expenditure was estimated (in 1995) to be US$7.6 million US$ and this increased to more than US$ 8.2 million in 1997 which is about 17.3% of total oil revenue estimated in 1998 and nearly 5.6% of the Saudi gross domestic product. Consequently, foreign tourism is a substantial drain on the current account, so the government has been trying to persuade more of its citizens to holiday at home. This situation will require tourism marketer to understand fully the need of tourists. Under increasingly competitive conditions, effective tourism marketing is impossible with out an understanding of tourists' motivation to choose a Saudi travel destination. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the status of domestic tourism motivation. The research took place in Saudi Arabia, concentrating on the motivation 'push' and 'pull' factors of tourist behaviour towards domestic tourism in an Islamic and Arabic culture. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire using a 5-point Likert-scale. Out of 1400 questionnaires distributed, in two tourism cities Jeddah and Abha, 505 usable questionnaires were verified and prepared for the final analysis. In view of the intensive and extensive data and interdependent relationships between variables, the statistical techniques used in this research include reliability analysis, frequencies, cross tabulation, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, factor analysis, Pearson correlation, multiple regression and one-way ANOVA. The results of the analysis of push motivation indicates nine factors: (Fl) cultural value factor; (F2) utilitarian factor; (F3) knowledge factor; (F4) social factor; (F5) economical factor; (F6) family togetherness factor; (F7) interest factor; (F8) relaxation factor; (F9) convenience of facilities factor. The result of the factor loading for pull motivational items presents nine pull factors: (Fl) safety factor; (F2) activity factor; (F3) beach sports/activities factor; (F4) nature/outdoor factor; (F5) historical/cultural factor; (F6) religious factor; (F7) budget factor; (F8) leisure factor; (F9) upscale factor. This study found that the most important push and pull factors as perceived by Saudi tourists are 'cultural value' and 'religious'. The major findings of the study were that the push factors positively and strongly related to pull factors. Also, the study found that no significant correlation existed between push and pull motivation items and the social demographic variables, educational level, income level and age. The only significant correlation was found between pull motivation items and the gender. In the case of the push factors the test found that there is no significant correlation between push motivation factors and the educational level, with one exception, a significant correlation between social factor and the educational level in Abha. The study found that there are significant correlations between the economical push motivation factor and the income level, while the remaining eight factors are not significantly correlated with the income level in Jeddah. Also, there is a significant correlation between the knowledge factor and the income level in Abha. The results indicate that there is significant correlation between push motivation factors and age as follow: cultural value factor and age in Jeddah, interest factor and age in Abha and social factor and age in Abha. The study found that there is significant correlation between push motivation factors and the gender. A significant correlation is found between the interest factor, social factor and the gender in Jeddah. In addition, a significant correlation is found between the interests, the cultural value, the utilitarian factors and the gender in Abha. Relating to pull factors, the results indicate that there is no significance correlation between pull motivation factors and the educational level with the exception of a significant correlation between the upscale factor and the educational level in Jeddah, and a significant correlation between the activity factor and the educational level in Abha. A significance correlation exists between the upscale factor and the income level in both Jeddah and Abha. There is no significant correlation between pull motivation factors and age in Jeddah. However, there is significant correlation between the activity factor, the beach sports activities factor, the upscale factor and age in Abha. There is no significance correlation between pull motivation factors and gender in Jeddah, except the activity factor. In Abha there is significant correlation between the nature/outdoor factor, the activity factor, the safety factor and gender. The results indicate that educational and income level have no significant correlation with the kind of accommodation, while tourist age and the length of tourist stay have significant and strong correlation with the kind of accommodation. In respect of the family number and the kind of accommodation the result shows that there is a significant correlation between the kind of accommodation and the number of adults and number of children under 11 years group. The study indicates that there is no correlation between the kind of accommodation and the number of children in the 11- 16 years group. The complex interdependent relationships mean that providers of tourist facilities have to have a deep understanding of the motivation of potential markets to provide the required facilities and activities.
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Koc, Erdogan. "The role and potential of marketing communications in the Turkish domestic tourism market." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325435.
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Wagner, Jens. "Guides of the Falu Mine : Perceptions of Differences and Similarities onDomestic and International Visitors." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Turismvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-11688.
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Industrial heritage tourism has been in focus for many academic studies and tourism is an alternative developmental tool for mines and contributes to their economic success. This thesis is about the Falu Mine in Dalarna, Sweden, which has World Heritage status since 2001 and is one of the biggest attractions in the region. Its history and cultural importance are reasons for the importance of preserving the heritage. The Falu Mine is under the management of the Great Copper Mountain Trust and one of their ambitions is to ensure the continuous popularity among domestic and international visitors. In order to gain a better understanding of the visitors and to find strategies to improve performance, a visitor survey has been conducted in the summer of 2011. It is the authors believe that the guides of the Falu Mine have the best available insight and that their perceptions help to add to the understanding about the visitors. Therefore, this thesis aims to explore the perceptions of the guides about their visitors, to investigate how the perceptions correspond to the statistical results and to study if there are any differences between domestic and international visitors. The mixed methods approach will increase the depth and accuracy of the results, by linking qualitative with quantitative data. The results show that differences between domestic and international visitors exist, both proven by interviews with the guides and the visitor survey. These differences occur in the factors, such as level of education of the visitors, group size and number of children in the group, knowledge of the visitors prior to and after the visit, sources of information and the fulfillment of the visitor expectations. The perceptions emphasize how these differences impact the guided tours. The guides of the Falu Mine have to be aware of those differences in order to adjust the tour accordingly, as well as the management of the Falu Mine can use this knowledge in order to identify strategies for improving performance.
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Govender, Lynette Kumarivani. "Ethnic Identity and Culture as Drivers of Travel Behaviour : The Case of South African Indians as Domestic Tourists." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75753.
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Ethnicity and culture are increasingly considered in the study of travel behaviour given the global movement of people. Historically during apartheid in South Africa, there was not much leisure travel amongst the Black, Coloured and Indian population groups. This discrepancy became a focus of the National Department of Tourism’s (NDT) domestic policy after 1994 to encourage all South Africans to travel, explore and experience all facets of our beautiful rainbow country in real time. This study focuses on South African Indians (SAI) as there is limited knowledge of the drivers of travel behaviour amongst such minority populations. Pragmatic mixed methods are used to collect qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (survey) data amongst SAI living in KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng provinces. Findings suggest that there is already established domestic travel amongst the population. SAI have strong ethnic and cultural (Indian) identities that form a significant part of their decision-making; though not specifically having bearing on inter-provincial travel decisions. Of note is strong familial bonds extending beyond the nuclear family to their extended family members, influencing their travel behaviour. Other aspects include value for money, cuisine, safety and service. The study provides layered information presenting opportunities for future research. It also presents a profile of the market’s travel behaviour that can be useful for destination marketing authorities and travel trade in efforts to attract the SAI market.<br>Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>Tourism Management<br>MSc<br>Unrestricted
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Tarawneh, Musa Salim. "Sedentarization and tourism : the case of the Zalabia Bedouin tribe of the southern Jordan." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115659.
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Most of the recent studies on the southern Jordan Bedouins portray the Bedouins as being resistant to change and development. These studies are more descriptive than analytical, focusing on romantic aspects of the Bedouin's lifestyle. In contrast, this study, based on fieldwork conducted in Wadi Rum between June-November 2004, attempts an ethnographical study that does not represent the Bedouins in a stereotypical way, neither romanticising them nor treating them as in need of development. It is based on an examination of the relationship between the socio-cultural, economic and political aspects of Bedouin society and the physical environment in which they live. The different types of settlements inhabited by Wadi Rum's Bedouin society are documented, and the contextual sources of change that shaped, and are still shaping the Bedouins' living patterns, are analyzed.
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Wamema, Julius. "Accommodating domestic tourists in township environments: A comparative study of Kampala (Uganda) and Cape Town (South Africa)." University of Western Cape, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7460.
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Masters in Public Administration - MPA<br>The topic of this mini-thesis evolved out of the author's internship at the Centre for
Tourism Research in Africa and his own background in Kampala/Uganda.
Both the Western Cape and the Kampala regions ~d as significant tourism
regions, with most of the attention falling on formal sector facilities for middle to higher
income visitors.
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Pike, Steven D. "Positioning as a source of competitive advantage: Benchmarking Rotorua’s position as a domestic short break holiday destination." Thesis, University of Waikato, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/99636/1/PIKE%202002%20THESIS%20MASTER%2012%20Nov%202002.pdf.
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Travellers are spoilt by holiday choice, and yet will usually only seriously consider a few destinations during the decision process. With thousands of <i>destination marketing organisations (DMOs)</i> competing for attention, places are becoming increasingly substitutable. The study of destination competitiveness is an emerging field, and thesis contributes to an enhanced understanding by addressing three topics that have received relatively little attention in the tourism literature: destination positioning, the context of short break holidays, and domestic travel in New Zealand. A descriptive model of positioning as a source of competitive advantage is developed, and tested through 12 propositions. The destination of interest is Rotorua, which was arguably New Zealand’s first tourist destination. The market of interest is Auckland, which is Rotorua’s largest visitor market. Rotorua’s history is explored to identify factors that may have contributed to the destination’s current image in the Auckland market. A mix of qualitative and quantitative procedures is then utilised to determine Rotorua’s position, relative to a competing set of destinations. Based on an applied research problem, the thesis attempts to bridge the gap between academia and industry by providing useable results and benchmarks for five <i>regional tourism organisations (RTOs)</i>. It is proposed that, in New Zealand, the domestic short break market represents a valuable opportunity not explicitly targeted by the competitive set of destinations. Conceptually, the thesis demonstrates the importance of analysing a destination’s competitive position, from the demand perspective, in a travel context; and then the value of comparing this ‘ideal’ position with that projected by the RTO. The thesis concludes Rotorua’s market position in the Auckland short break segment represents a source of comparative advantage, but is not congruent with the current promotional theme, which is being used in all markets. The findings also have implications for destinations beyond the context of the thesis. In particular, a new definition for ‘destination attractiveness’ is proposed, which warrants consideration in the design of future destination positioning analyses.
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Gatsinzi, Josephine. "The impact of the Hotel Sector on tourism development in Kigali." University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7791.
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Magister Artium - MA<br>The potential of tourism to contribute to economic growth in terms of increasing foreign exchange, creating employment opportunities, generation of government revenues, creating incomes, contribution to poverty reduction, acting as a catalyst of economic development and stimulation of investments have been advanced as the reasons for government support for tourism. It is against this background that countries in Africa such as Rwanda have implemented economic reforms such as privatisation and liberalisation in order to improve the investment climate. The main purpose of this study was to provide a detailed literature account of the tourism investment environment in developing countries, to examine opportunities, constraints and challenges of the hotel investors in Kigali, examine the role of government in
providing a conducive investment climate for hotel investors in Kigali and to investigate the impact of the hotel sector on tourism development in Kigali, Rwanda. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to collect the data. Data were collected through questionnaires to hotel investors and interviews to government policy makers. Findings suggest that tourism can contribute to economic development of developing countries through its benefits. Much as investing in tourism has positive developmental
aspects to developing countries, tourism investment environment in developing countries has been constrained by various reasons such as inadequate financial institutions, constant political instabilities, lack of adequate tourism infrastructure, lack of human resource, small market size, poor tourism planning to mention but a few. Various investment opportunities are available in Rwanda. Progress in economic
performance, political stability, recognition of tourism as an engine of Rwanda's economic growth, the geographical location (in the centre) and the fact that tourism is still a virgin industry present important opportunities for potential investors in Rwanda's hotel sector. Despite the existence of investment opportunities, investors in Rwanda's hotel sector have faced problems such as the continued poor image of the country, lack of tourism infrastructure, the nature of the position of the country (land locked) lack of skilled personnel and lack of proper tourism information. The challenge for Rwanda is therefore to improve her image abroad that was formerly tarnished by the 1994 war and .
genocide. Improvement in infrastructure, human resource and proper methods of tourism information can also lead to improved investments in the tourism sector. Findings have further suggested that hotels in Kigali have indeed contributed to tourism development. Effects of the hotel sector have been noticed in urban tourism development, development of the tourism infrastructure in Kigali, creation of employment opportunities for the communities, generation of government revenues and contribution to poverty
alleviation.
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Noree, T. "The impact of medical tourism on the domestic economy and private health system : a case study of Thailand." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2015. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2267963/.
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In the 21st century, medical tourism has emerged as a prosperous industry. Its growth has been fostered by increasing healthcare costs, long waiting lists for nonemergency operations and a lack of service availability in many developed countries. This has resulted in a reverse phenomenon of patients travelling from developed countries to developing ones to seek affordable healthcare and prompt services. Developing countries in particular have established a variety of strategies to benefit from this profitable market. However, the negative implications of the cross-border movement of services have raised concerns. Quality of services and continuity of care for patients are key concerns in source countries, and inequity, in terms of access to services, rising healthcare costs and the ‘internal brain drain’ of healthcare personnel are concerns in destination countries. It is widely believed that there are substantial economic benefits to be gained from medical tourism, but this belief is not based on a firm empirical foundation. Similarly, there is a lack of empirical evidence concerning the impacts on the health systems of destination countries. The divergence of views and overall lack of evidence affords the potential for policy incoherence between trade and health. This study intends to address this gap in the literature through an empirical assessment of both medical tourism and the healthcare profiles of medical tourists. The overall aim of the study is to assess the impact of medical tourism on the Thai economy and domestic private health system. Thailand was selected as a appropriate country for a case study due to its significant medical tourism industry. This study presents the most extensive and detailed research on medical tourism and its effects on the private health system to date, by drawing on 324,906 patient records in the five largest private hospitals in the country. The key findings are that medical tourists in Thailand are non-homogenous. Comparisons present differences between them and non-medical tourists and Thai private patients in terms of demography and service profiles. The majority are likely to be opportunistic tourists, especially patients who use out-patient departments. Furthermore, the actual number of medical tourists is far fewer than is generally suggested, although they and their companions contribute disproportionately to the Thai economy in terms of medical and tourism-related spending. In terms of medical services, there is no difference between the critical aspects of care given to Thai and foreign patients. Hospitals make use of spare capacity to serve the demand of foreigners. However, foreign patients might be partially responsible for a shortage of high calibre doctors in public hospitals. Hence, if it wishes to continue with its “Medical hub” policy, there is an evident need for the Thai government to consider carefully the overall “cost” of this policy.
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Fouché, Elizabeth Maria. "The impact of price discrimination on tourism demand / Elizabeth Maria Fouché." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1162.
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The primary goal of this study was to determine the impact of price discrimination
on tourism demand. Four objectives were defined with reference to the primary
research goal.
The first objective was to analyse the concept of price discrimination and relevant
theories by means of a literature study. In this regard it was found that price
discrimination between markets is fairly common and that it occurs if the same
goods were sold to different customers at different prices. Price discrimination is
also possible as soon as some monopoly power exists and it is feasible when it is
impossible or at least impractical for the buyers to trade among themselves.
Three different kinds of price discrimination can be applied, namely first-degree,
second-degree and third-degree price discrimination. The data also indicated
that price discrimination is advantageous (it mainly increases profit) and that it
has several other effects too.
The second objective was to analyse examples of price discrimination by means
of international case studies. In these different case studies it was found that
demand and supply, therefore consumer and product, formed the basis of price
discrimination. If demand did not exist, it would be impossible to apply price
discrimination. The findings also indicated that, for an organisation to be able to
practice price discrimination, the markets must be separated effectively and it will
only be successful if there is a significant difference in demand elasticity between
the different consumers. Furthermore, the ability to charge these different prices
will depend on the consumer's ability and willingness to pay. If an organisation
should decide to price discriminate, it would lead to a higher profit, a more
optimal pricing policy and also to an increase in sales.
The third objective was to analyse national case studies. This was done through
comparing the data of a tourism organisation price discriminating (Mosetlha Bush
Camp, situated in the North West) to two organisations that did not implement
price discrimination (Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park in the Northern Cape and
Golden Leopard Resort, also situated in the North West). It was found that a
customer with low price elasticity is less deterred by a higher price than a
customer with a high price elasticity of demand. As long as the customer's price
elasticity is less than one, it will be very advantageous to increase the price: the
seller will in this case get more money for less goods. With the increase in price
the price elasticity tends to rise above one.
The fourth objective was to draw conclusions and make recommendations. It
was concluded that price discrimination could be applied successfully in virtually
any organisation or industry. Furthermore, price discrimination does not always
have a negative effect; but can have a positive ass well. It can have a positive
effect on tourism demand. The findings emphasised that the main reason for
implementing price discrimination is to increase profit at the cost of reducing
consumer surplus. From the results it was recommended that more research on
this topic should be conducted.<br>Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Růžičková, Lucie. "Filmová produkce a její využití v propagaci turistické destinace Česká republika v tuzemsku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197861.
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This diploma thesis analyzes the development potential of film tourism for the domestic tourism of the Czech Republic. The aim is to determine whether the Czech Republic is perceived by residents as an attractive tourist destination for leisure or vacation and if they would be interested in film tourism products. The introductory chapter is devoted to the definition of basic concepts relating to tourism and destination marketing. The second theoretical part pays attention to film tourism and its characterization, including the definition of the concept, history of the development of film tourism, typology of film tourists and a description of its forms and products. Closely are described the possibilites of using the film as a destination marketing tool in the different life stages of the film (before, during and after filming) and the function of individual institutions dedicated to the promotion of film regions in the country. The practical part analyzes the development potential of film tourism in the Czech Republic, which is based on the analysis of secondary sources and a survey among residents. The attention is payed to the popularity of czech film production, the current state of the domestic tourism and to the offer of film tourism products in the Czech Republic. The last chapter is devoted to the proposal of a solution of film tourism product for a selected destination of the Czech Republic - Usti Region.
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Othmani, Wadie. "Pratiques et moments touristiques des Tunisiens et des Maghrébins dans la métropole de Tunis." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0032/document.
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Le tourisme contribue à hauteur de plus de 15 % dans le PIB national tunisien (WTTC, 2017 : p 1). Ce secteur, depuis sa création dans le milieu des années soixante-dix, a toujours été un des plus importants moteurs de l’économie du pays. Depuis le début des années deux mille, le modèle, basé sur la commercialisation des produits classiques [4 S : sea, sun, sand (plage), sand (désert)] à une clientèle majoritairement occidentale, a atteint la saturation. Au cours de cette période, la chute a commencé à se sentir jusqu’à atteindre une situation critique aggravée par les événements terroristes qu’a subi le pays en 2015. Pour faire face à cette situation, les acteurs du secteur sont allés épuiser dans leur réserve stratégique qui n’était rien d’autre que le touriste national et le touriste maghrébin, essentiellement les Algériens et les Libyens : voisins immédiats de la Tunisie. Actuellement, ces touristes représentent les nationalités les plus présentes en Tunisie post-révolution.Cette thèse de doctorat a examiné le sujet via le recours à des analyses des documents statistiques officiels, des entretiens auprès des différents acteurs qui agissent sur le secteur touristique tunisien, des observations ciblant plusieurs hauts lieux touristiques dans la métropole Tunis et une enquête statistique. La population touristique ciblée est riche et variée puisqu’elle concerne les tunisiens (touristes nationaux), les Algériens, les Libyens, les Marocains, les mauritaniens et la diaspora maghrébine qui émane essentiellement des pays en dehors du territoire du Grand Maghreb, majoritairement de l’Occident. De ce fait, nous avons commencé par réfuter la thèse adoptée par des chercheurs occidentaux prétendant que l’accès au tourisme pour les sociétés en voie de développement est un phénomène récent. Par la suite, nous avons présenté comment ces touristes maghrébins consomment l’espace du Grand Tunis et dans quels lieux ils se concentrent. La thèse a permis également de dresser des profils des touristes maghrébins. Ce profilage se base sur l’âge, le sexe, la catégorie socioprofessionnelle et sur le pays de provenance du touriste. Dans d’autres termes, cette analyse répond aux besoins d’une population touristique nationale et maghrébine actuelle, mais aussi elle se considère comme une étude stratégique pour la population touristique du futur : les jeunes qui seront adultes et les adultes qui seront plus âgés<br>Tourism contributes more than 15% of Tunisia's national GDP (WTTC, 2017: p 1). This sector, since its creation in the mid-seventies, has always been one of the most important engines of the country's economy. Since the beginning of the two thousand years, the model, based on the marketing of classic products [4 S: sea, sun, sand (beach), sand (desert)] to a predominantly Western clientele, has reached saturation. During this period, the fall began to feel until reaching a critical situation aggravated by the terrorist events that the country suffered in 2015. To cope with this situation, the actors of the sector went to exhaust in their strategic reserve that was nothing but the national tourist and the Maghreb tourist, mainly Algerians and Libyans: immediate neighbors of Tunisia. Currently, these tourists represent the nationalities most present in post-revolution Tunisia. This doctoral thesis examined the subject through the use of analyzes of official statistical documents, interviews with the various actors who act on the Tunisian tourism sector, observations targeting several major tourist sites in the Tunis metropolis and a statistical survey. The targeted tourist population is rich and varied since it concerns Tunisians (national tourists), Algerians, Libyans, Moroccans, Mauritanians and the Maghreb diaspora, which comes mainly from countries outside the territory of the Greater Maghreb, mainly 'West. As a result, we began by refuting the thesis adopted by Western researchers claiming that access to tourism for developing societies is a recent phenomenon. Subsequently, we presented how these Maghreb tourists consume the space of Greater Tunis and in what places they focus. The thesis also made it possible to draw profiles of Maghreb tourists. This profiling is based on the age, gender, socio-professional category and country of origin of the tourist. In other words, this analysis meets the needs of a current national and North African tourist population, but it also considers itself a strategic study for the tourist population of the future: young adults and adults who will be older
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Kozová, Petra. "Analýza produktov cestovných kancelárií v rámci domáceho cestovného ruchu na Slovensku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-163975.
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The subject matter of this diploma thesis is to analyze the products of selected travel agencies in domestic tourism in relation to Slovakia. The aim of this thesis is to analyze their offer in terms of depth and width, and also find out how travel agencies are involved in this type of tourism. The first part of the thesis defines the theoretical basis and terms used in the following sections. The second chapter describes the Slovak Republic as a destination of domestic tourism, discusses the current state of domestic tourism, but also the attractiveness and preconditions for its development. The third chapter presents the specific characteristics of selected travel agencies and analysis of their product portfolios. The final section is devoted to the comparison of offers, evaluation of analysis and drawing conclusions and recommendations.
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Šremrová, Stanislava. "Problematika propagace domácího cestovního ruchu ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72384.
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The thesis deals with the promotion of domestic tourism in the Czech Republic, which gains its importance at the time when the world is facing challenges of globalization, such as the recent economic crisis was, that greatly hampered international tourist arrivals. Its promotion has been neglected for long time in the CZ and its development started practically in the new millennium. The goal of the thesis is to analyze the current promotion of domestic tourism, particularly activities of the CzechTourism office which is the main institution promoting tourism in the Czech Republic. The practical part presents marketing and commercial communications, their tools, features and new trends, continuing with the promotion of tourism destination, its marketing mix and the role of destination management. The theoretical part introduces the Czech Republic as a tourist destination, maps coordinating tourism authorities and mainly analyzes the current communications of the CzechTourism agency, with special emphasis on domestic tourism. In the end it presents some recommendations for promotion in the future.
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Meruňka, Pavel. "Analýza potenciálu kraje Vysočina jako destinace cestovního ruchu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197879.
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Tourism was realized very rarely a few decades ago. Today it is a significant part of the world's GDP and has become a major economic factor. The Czech Republic is a very attractive country in the heart of Europe with numerous natural, historical and cultural values. The tourist region Vysočina can boast all these qualities, yet one of the least visited region in the Czech Republic. This thesis deals with a detailed analysis of the potential of the tourist region Vysočina to become a competitive tourist destination. The aim of this work is to analyze primary and secondary tourism field and to assess the organizational structure of tourism and promotional activities of tourism operators with an emphasis on planned projects. The author's own research, focused on the general opinion on the issue of tourism in the region and on the evaluation of the tourism offer, is a part of this work as well. The benefit of the thesis lies in the overall recovery of the tourist supply and in making the region more attractive which can contribute to potential subsequent increased and mobilizing demand for tourism in Vysočina.
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Korpar, Malmström Sofia. "En god natts sömn och återvunnen energi : Modellering av avloppsvärmeväxling på ett stockholmshotell och spa." Thesis, KTH, Installations- och energisystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173904.
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As buildings have become more energy efficient, the energy demand for preparation of domestic hot water stands out as an increasing part of the operational cost and carbon footprint of a building. Most of the heat in the water is used for a short time and then discharged to the main sewer line. Clarion Hotel Stockholm is an example of such a building, with many showers, bathtubs and a spa. The hotel business is growing around the world and its customers demand comfortable stays. A parallel trend is a more environmentally aware tourism and business travel. Hotels show a great potential for energy savings, while still offering comfortable accommodation. In this master's thesis a case study evaluates the possibilities for heat recovery from the wastewater of Clarion Hotel Stockholm. Three types of heat exchangers were modelled in the system dynamic modelling environment STELLA: a horizontal, a vertical and a shower heat exchanger. Recovered heat was used for pre-heating of the incoming water for domestic hot water preparation. The flows of heat through the hotel's tap water and wastewater systems were schematically modelled using system dynamic modelling, which provides a foundation for the development of mathematical models and further research into the area. The first results point to possible reductions of the heating demand for domestic hot water preparation at Clarion Hotel Stockholm.
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Klingberg, Travis. "The domestic tourist in post-Tiananmen China: A conceptual framework." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1447655.
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Liu, Chang, and Haoyuan Ning. "Destination image in Bejing, China : Exploring the differences in destination branding towards international and domestic tourists." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Turismvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-16161.
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Kintz, Kelly. "Symbiosis." This title; PDF viewer required. Home page for entire collection, 2009. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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Motl, Kaitlyne A. "“WELL, DON’T WALK AROUND NAKED... UNLESS YOU’RE A GIRL”: GENDER, SEXUALITY, AND RISK IN JAMTRONICA FESTIVAL SUBCULTURAL SCENES." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/sociology_etds/38.
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The purpose of this study was to explore emerging issues surrounding gendered fear, threat, and violence perpetration at music festivals – particularly events that feature a synthesis of jam band and electronic dance music acts – a genre termed jamtronica by its fans. Though gendered violence perpetration and prevention have been widely studied within other party-oriented settings (i.e., sexual violence perpetration on college campuses), very little research exists to address how wider disparities of gender and sexuality permeate a community whose members frequently claim the scene’s immunity from external inequalities.
In this three-year multi-sited ethnography, I incorporate participant observations, group and individual interviews, and textual analyses to progressively layer investigations into: 1) festival-goers’ gender-bifurcated perceptions of the problems they face within the event arena; 2) how institutional and interactional inequalities fuel gender-sexual expectations that exacerbate the risks with which festival-going women’s contend; and, 3) how jamtronica’s “libertarian and libertine” codes complicate women’s negotiations of (sub)cultural agency, expression, and safety. Findings derived across fourteen sites, interviews with 179 festival participants, and countless material texts suggest that men and women do perceive festival “problems” in very different ways – subsequently leading women to calculatedly navigate festival terrains, interactions, and self-presentations in ways that festival-going men seldom must. Protected by scene norms that paradoxically elevate personal autonomy and group integration, festival-going men’s homosocial displays of masculinity (through pranks, drinking and drug use, and even sexual predation) often goes unchallenged – or, is seemingly even encouraged.
In an environment that both scholars and study participants claim to eclipse mainstream inequalities of gender and sexuality, a closer look reveals the multiplex ways that festival-going women risk their physical, social, and sexual well-beings in order to pursue the emancipatory promises that jamtronica music festival community discourses purport. For this understudied, yet rapidly growing, subcultural scene, this study offers conceptual and analytical foundations to event-specific violence prevention programming, as well as gender and sexuality-centric initiatives paramount to ever-diversifying jamtronica music festival communities.
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Fujita, Dennis Minoru. "Políticas públicas de custo mínimo de seguro saúde no turismo receptivo na área Schengen: causas e consequências." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-10102018-091209/.
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As áreas tropicais são consideradas propensas a doenças infecciosas e recentemente apresentaram desenvolvimento econômico com aumento do turismo doméstico e internacional de seus habitantes. Há um aumento de viagens internacionais com maior risco potencial para a importação de doenças, particularmente nos últimos 10 anos, e o novo quadro de surtos globais no século 21. A promoção de viagens seguras destes turistas no destino é um novo desafio para os governos receptores. Alguns países desenvolvidos com tradição turística, como os signatários da Convenção Schengen, implementaram políticas para lidar com o eventual custo de saúde de viajantes de áreas tropicais. Outros destinos, como os Estados Unidos, mantiveram suas políticas de saúde para turistas. Visando identificar a real condição de saúde destes novos turistas de países emergentes, estudamos os problemas de saúde dos turistas brasileiros no exterior, comparando o fluxo de viagens, o custo de saúde antes e depois da implantação da Convenção Schengen, a exposição potencial para algumas doenças infecciosas no intuito de sugerir medidas para proteção e prevenção desses viajantes brasileiros. Não há evidência de transporte de doenças por viajantes brasileiros para seus destinos turísticos. Países que adotaram seguro saúde obrigatório para os turistas brasileiros não apresentaram maiores custos de saúde, tendo queda relativa do fluxo turístico do Brasil, em comparação a países sem restrições. Além disso, o transporte aéreo e eventos internacionais de massa, como a Copa do Mundo e os Jogos Olímpicos, permitiram a transmissão de doenças para o Brasil, com introdução do vírus Zika e reintrodução do vírus do sarampo. A rápida transmissão mostra a importância das medidas preventivas que incluem o reforço da vacinação de grupos específicos, o alerta de higiene pessoal adequada e outras ações para evitar possíveis surtos devido ao elevado tráfego de viajantes nos eventos. No turismo doméstico, o potencial risco de transmissão de doenças infecciosas negligenciadas, como Leishmaniose Visceral, cuja disseminação se intensificou por deslocamento de animais de estimação; e da esquistossomose humana pelo aumento das mudanças climáticas e de atividades de lazer em áreas naturais, promovem maior exposição dos viajantes internacionais e nacionais. A rede atual de prevenção e proteção para viajantes no Brasil, composta por clínicas de medicina de viagem, mídias com recomendações para viajantes e centros de imunização tornam-se importantes na prevenção de contágio dos turistas e reduzem consideravelmente o número de atendimentos pós-viagem. Quando usada, fornece aos viajantes brasileiros proteção para as principais doenças infecciosas preveníveis ale de orientação para se evitar situações de risco em viagem, sendo um modelo de política pública interessante. Alguns protocolos para a entrada dos viajantes demonstram ser uma atitude adequada para melhorar a segurança dos viajantes e de seus países, bem como novas medidas preventivas são necessárias para evitar a disseminação de surtos de doenças infecciosas.<br>Tropical areas are considered prone to infectious diseases and have recently presented economic development with increased domestic and international tourism of its inhabitants. There is an increase in international travel with greater potential risk for diseases importation, particularly in the last 10 years, a new global outbreak chart in the 21st century. The promotion of safe travel of these tourists at destination is a challenge for recipient governments. Some developed countries with a tourist tradition, such as the Schengen Convention, have implemented policies to deal with the possible cost of health of travelers from tropical areas. Other destinations, as the United States, have maintained their health policies for tourists. Aiming to identify the real health condition of new tourists from emerging countries, we studied the health problems of Brazilian tourists abroad, comparing flow, health cost before and after the implementation of the Schengen Convention, their potential exposure to some infectious diseases, to suggest measures for protection and prevention of these Brazilian travelers. There is no evidence of diseases\' transport by Brazilian travelers to their destinations. Countries that adopted mandatory health insurance for Brazilian tourists did not present higher health costs, only a relative drop in Brazil\'s tourism flow compared to unrestricted countries. In addition, with air transport and international mass events, such as the World Cup and the Olympic Games, allowed the importation of diseases into Brazil, with the introduction of the Zika virus and the reintroduction of the measles virus. The rapid transmission shows the importance of preventive measures that include reinforcing of vaccination, adequate personal hygiene alert, and other actions to avoid possible outbreaks due to the high traffic of travelers at events. In domestic tourism, the potential risk of transmission of neglected infectious diseases, such as Visceral Leishmaniosis, whose spread was intensified by displacement of pets; and human schistosomiasis by increasing climate change and leisure activities in natural areas, promoting greater exposure of international or national travelers. The current network of prevention and protection for travelers in Brazil, composed of travel medicine clinics, media with recommendations for travelers and immunization centers is effective in preventing infection of tourists and greatly reduces the number of post-trip visits. When used, it provides Brazilian travelers with a protection for the major preventable infectious diseases and education to avoid risky travel situations, an interesting model of public police. Some protocols for travelers\' entry prove to be an appropriate attitude to improve the safety of travelers and countries, as well as new preventive measures are needed to prevent the spread of infectious disease outbreaks.
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Santana, Júnior Mário Luiz. "Parâmetros genéticos de características reprodutivas de touros e vacas Gir Leiteiro." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5589.
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Previous issue date: 2009-01-20<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Data of 2,274 semen output from 200 sires, 7,055 measurements of age at first calving (AFC) from females and 141 measurements of scrotal circumference (SC) were used to determine genetic parameters for reproductive traits of males and females of Dairy Gyr breed. Were studied physical aspects such as volume (VOL), concentration (CONC), vigor (VIG), motility (MOT), and morphological aspects as major defects (MAD) and minor defects (MID). The statistic model for seminal traits included the fixed effect of AI company-year-season at semen output and age as covariate, with linear and quadratic effects. For scrotal circumference, the statistic model included the fixed effects of season and year of birth, age class at measurement and AI company. For AFC in females, the statistic model included herd- year-season of birth. The models also included the random effects of animal and residual, and permanent environment effect for seminal traits model. Covariance components were estimated by REML, in single trait analyses. The genetic trends for AFC were estimated by linear regression of the breeding values on year of birth of the animals. The estimates of heritability of seminal traits were low to moderate (0.03 to 0.27), the genetic correlations were low to high (0.01 to 0.88), and generally favorable. The SC presented favorable genetic correlation with seminal traits. The heritability for SC and AFC were, respectively, 0.37 and 0.22. The genetic trend were significant, with value estimated of -0.018 kg/year and shows that has not occurred genetic progress in this trait over the years studied. The genetic correlations between SC with volume, concentration, vigor, motility, major defects, minor defects, total defects, doses number, total number of feasible spermatozoid and AFC, were 0.33; 0.22; 0.91; 0.86; -0.07; -0.03; -0.04; 0.30; 0.23 and -0.37, respectively. Strategies should be set for seminal traits selection, toward gains in reproduction. The SC can be used for selection of higher quality semen in Dairy Gyr bulls. These results suggest that genetic gains should be realized in reproductive efficiency of females when bulls with greater SC were used in herds.<br>Informações de 2.274 coletas de sêmen de 200 touros, 7.055 medidas de idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) de fêmeas e 141 medidas de perímetro escrotal (PE) foram utilizadas para se determinar parâmetros genéticos para características reprodutivas de touros e vacas Gir Leiteiro. Foi também avaliada a tendência genética da IPP. Para os touros, foram avaliados aspectos físicos do sêmen tais como volume (VOL), concentração (CONC), vigor (VIG), motilidade (MOT), aspectos morfológicos como defeitos maiores (DMA) e menores (DME). O modelo estatístico usado para estudar as características do sêmen incluiu o efeito fixo de central-ano- época de coleta de sêmen e idade à coleta como covariável, com efeitos linear e quadrático. Para o PE, o modelo estatístico incluiu os efeitos fixos época e ano do nascimento, classe de idade à medição do perímetro e central de inseminação. Para IPP nas fêmeas, o modelo estatístico incluiu o efeito fixo rebanho-ano-estação de nascimento. Os modelos incluíram ainda os efeitos aleatórios de animal e residual, além do efeito aleatório de ambiente permanente para o modelo de características do sêmen. Os componentes de (co)variância foram estimados utilizando-se o método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, em análises uni-característica. As estimativas das tendências genéticas para a característica IPP foram obtidas por meio da análise de regressão dos valores genéticos sobre o ano de nascimento dos animais. As estimativas das herdabilidades das características do sêmen foram baixas a moderadas (0,03 a 0,27), as correlações genéticas entre estas características foram baixas a altas (0,01 a 0,88), e em geral favoráveis. O PE apresentou correlações genéticas favoráveis com as características do sêmen. As herdabilidades para PE e IPP foram, respectivamente, 0,37 e 0,22. A tendência genética para IPP apresentou-se significativa, com valor estimado de - 0,018 meses/ano, mostrando que praticamente não houve progresso genético nesta característica ao longo dos anos estudados. As correlações genéticas entre PE e volume, concentração, vigor, motilidade, defeitos maiores, menores, totais, número de doses, número total de espermatozóides viáveis e IPP, foram de 0,33; 0,22; 0,91; 0,86; -0,07; -0,03; -0,04; 0,30; 0,23 e -0,37, respectivamente. Desta forma, devem ser definidas estratégias de seleção das características de qualidade de sêmen, visando maior ganho em reprodução. O PE pode ser utilizado para a seleção de touros Gir Leiteiro de maior qualidade seminal. Esses resultados sugerem ainda melhorias na eficiência reprodutiva de fêmeas quando forem utilizados nos rebanhos touros com maiores PE.
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Marot, Emeline. "Architecture civile et formation du tissu urbain de Châteauneuf (Tours) du 10e au 14e siècle." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR2018/document.
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L'objectif de ce travail est d'appréhender les processus de la formation du tissu urbain de l'agglomération de Châteauneuf, créée autour de la collégiale Saint-Martin au cours du Moyen Âge à l'ouest de la cité de Tours. La complexité de cet espace, la densité et la diversité de la population à cette période ainsi que la richesse architecturale identifiée dans cette zone en font un terrain privilégié d'analyse de la fabrique urbaine, c'est-à-dire des relations entre l'espace urbain et les sociétés qui l'ont produit. L'étude des vestiges architecturaux médiévaux en pierre, associée à celle de sources complémentaires comme les sources textuelles, permet de proposer à la fois une synthèse typologique sur les constructions médiévales et une réflexion à l'échelle du parcellaire et de l'agglomération, pour mettre en évidence les formes urbaines et leurs transformations du 10e au 14e siècle<br>The purpose of this thesis is to understand the processes of the urban fabric in the town of Châteauneuf, created in the Middle Ages around the St-Martin's basilica, near the city of Tours. The complexity and density of the settlement together with the diversity of the inhabitants make this place a preferential area in order to study urban fabric and relations between space and societies which created it. The architectural analysis of stone buildings, combined with other data such as historical sources, allows the creation of a typological synthesis of the medieval buildings but also the analysis of the urban forms and their evolution between the 10th and the 14th centuries
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Mazimhaka, Joan. "The Potential Impact of Domestic Tourism on Rwanda’s Tourism Economy." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/2069.
Full textAbstract:
Student Number :0418716K -
MA research report -
School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies -
Faculty of Humanities<br>As a continuously growing industry worldwide, tourism has often demonstrated its role as a
vital tool in the advancement of economies through direct domestic and foreign exchange
earnings and through the employment and investment opportunities it can generate. African
countries, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, often over-reliant on one or two sectors for
economic development, have recognised the potential of the tourism industry to diversify
local economies and contribute to poverty alleviation, economic regeneration and stability,
affording many Africans the opportunity to participate in and benefit from tourism.
The participation of local populations in Africa’s tourism industries, however, is often limited
to employment opportunities. Travel by local tourists is often overlooked by members of the
tourism industry, and is often considered a luxury by many in the local population. The role of
domestic tourism and its importance for the creation of a sustainable tourism industry has
been widely acknowledged, but limited writings on the subject exist and few tourism policies
include domestic tourism, neglecting its potential.
The emergence of a new African middle-class, equipped with more of a disposable income
and influenced by Western lifestyles, has proven that such potential does in fact exist. Those
living in Africa as well as members of the Diaspora have shown more of an interest in leisure
travel and represent a new tourism market. Globally, the impact of domestic tourism has
been shown to have had a great impact on the tourism economies of several countries,
demonstrating that African countries can only serve to benefit from participating in domestic
tourism.
This research report provides a case study of Rwanda, an African country emerging from
war and devastation, aiming to rebuild itself economically, socially and politically. The
country has chosen tourism as one of its main economic drivers for poverty reduction and
economic development. While the industry is succeeding, an over-reliance on international
visitors in such a volatile region threatens the sustainability of the industry. The development
of a domestic tourism industry, as has been demonstrated in other countries, offers the
opportunity to generate a more diverse and economically sustainable domestic tourism
industry. This research focuses on the potential impact of such a domestic tourism industry
on Rwanda’s tourism economy and as a result, on the country’s economy as a whole.
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Espinosa, Abascal Trinidad. "Australian Indigenous Tourism: why the low participation rate from domestic tourists?" Thesis, 2014. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/25795/.
Full textAbstract:
Tourism is often promoted as a development tool for Indigenous communities. However, Tourism Research Australia shows that domestic demand for Australian Indigenous tourism products, in comparison to four other types of mainstream tourism, is quite low. To explore why domestic visitors are less engaged in Indigenous tourism than other tourism types, this study adopts a mixed-methods case study approach. Semi-structured interviews using sorting-ranking photo-based procedures were conducted with 52 domestic visitors at Halls Gap, within the Grampians National Park, Victoria, Australia.
The findings suggest that domestic visitors‟ preferences for Indigenous tourism activities are inconsistently distributed. While many domestic visitors are willing to visit the rock-art sites, they are less interested in experiencing the cultural centre. Despite these differences in preferences, the motivations for engaging in both activities are similar. These motivations are: Learning, connection with history/land, appreciation, learning opportunities for children, explore/discovery, understanding, physical challenge/adventure, and reflection. However, domestic visitors at the destination under investigation are more willing to experience rock-art sites, as they perceive it to be an activity that is more connected with history/land, that involves physical activity and that feels more authentic. Two types of barriers –internal and external- when engaging in these activities are identified. The internal barriers are: Lack of interest, prefer other activities, saturation, and limited time available. The external barriers identified are: Inauthentic/passive, not being in the target audience, lack of awareness, boring, and indoor activity (mentioned as a barrier to participating in the cultural centre).
This study proposes that Australian Indigenous tourism strategies look beyond the creation of Indigenous tourism products such as cultural centres, and consider focussing on those areas that can have a more significant impact upon the domestic tourism participation rate in Indigenous tourism. This focus includes marketing strategies directed to the domestic target market, training, and further developing points of differentiation between Indigenous cultures in Australia.
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Yu-Mei, Lin, and 林毓美. "Research on Domestic Tourism of Taipei area residents." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05795791646617427613.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>應用統計學研究所<br>94<br>This study used the 1999 to 2004 “Survey of Travel by ROC Citizens” data provided by the Tourism Bureau Ministry of Transportation and Communication, ROC. The objectives of this study are to understand of the Taipei city and Taipei county residents' domestic traveling activities, traveling types, visiting location selecting and expenditure of travel. This study also looked for the most suitable parameters, seting up market segmentation and find most potential target market. The statistical methods includes Descriptive statistics, cross table, CHAID( Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection) , Logistic Regression and others Multivariate Statistical Analysis.The result of study is as follows:
1. During the year from 1999 to 2004, above 90% of the Taipei city and Taipei county residents' traveled at least once domestically. No matter the population, total number of domestic tourist trips, or total domestic tourist traveling expenditure taken by these two cities' residents above quarter of Taiwan. So Taipei city and Taipei county residents are traveling goal market and worth thoroughly studying.
2. The Taipei area residents' age from 20 to 49 was important clients of the market, and the family travel was the main client source. Analyze the characteristics of professional, people who are the younger, the higher education degree, government employees and teachers, managers and supervisors, farming,woodman and fisher, or student, and income highter than NT$40,000 were like to travel. Of the four quarters in the year, the first quarter travel rate was higher than others, follow by second quarter and third quarter, the lowest was the fourth quarter.
3. Domestic tourist trips on weekend and same-day returns were the majority traveling types. The major visiting locations were within the same region. “Natural scenery sightseeing”was the most popular activity and “beautiful nature scenery” was the most important factor consider by the tourists when they chose visiting places.
4. We can distinguish traveling activities and traveling types from people's age, education, occupation, marriage, income, and the season. The expenditure of travel was influenced by number of trip day, trip distance and transportation. On the travel location selecting, we could separate from the number of trip day, lodging type, transportation, trip purpose, education and age. And the tourist traveling expenditure was also significant difference from the travel location type.
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Lin, Chia-Hui, and 林佳慧. "A Study of Destination Image on Domestic Tourism." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19217027768783091256.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>商學研究所<br>85<br>The primary goal in promoting a destination is to project
images of the destination to potential tourists so it becomes
desirable to them. The study is aimed at examining Taipei
people''''''''s perception and preference of 16 travel destination
attributes of Ali Mountain, Kenting, Sun Moon Lake, Hsitiou and
Taiping Mountain. The questionnaire used for the purpose was
designed to find out the image of each destination so that it
can provide the reference of promoting a destination for
tourism managers. The research supports the following findings:
1. All of the average destination image attribute values given
tothe performance of five destinations exhibited a disparity
that was statistically significant. The resulted sequence of
performance from the best to the worst was Kenting, Hsitiou, Ali
Mountain, Taiping Mountainand Sun Moon Lake. 2.
The attributes emphasised by consumers were: beautiful natural
scenery, environmental cleanness and good biologic preservation.
These results suggest that managers should direct their
attentions to these attributes. Also, there was a significant
difference in the importance ratings given by different
demographics to some of the destinationattributes. 3. Except
"sex" variable, there was no significant difference in the whole
evaluation of five destinations given by different
demographics and different travel characteristic. Female
interviewees gave higher scores than males did. 4. There was a
significant difference in the ratings given by different
destination image score groups to the categories "household
enjoyment lifestyle" and "distance sensibility lifestyle". The
higher the destination image scores is, the more care for
choosing a travel destination where is near home and popular.
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Hsu, Shien Ju, and 徐仙如. "Research on domestic impetus low-carbon tourism - take Tainan heritage tourism as the example." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49866220597139348464.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立政治大學<br>公共行政研究所<br>99<br>In recent years the natural disaster and diastrophism happen frequently, the greenhouse effect caused the global warm phenomenon, therefore, the whole world to surge the energy conservation to reduce the carbon tide, the low-carbon tourism also arises with the tide. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment report, the tourism is significant to the climate vicissitude influence, the human is initiates for it greenhouse gas emissions sends the climate vicissitude exceptionally principal factor, how gives dual attention to day by day tourism of the vigorous development and restrains increase effectively the carbon dioxide withdrawal, is the various countries' urgent topic.
In Tainan is well-known take the prefectural city ancient capital, governs the heritage site sightseeing tourism as its important source of income, this research by the municipal government estimated promotes correlation of stakeholders of study the heritage low-carbon tourism plan, and understands their demands and to the municipal anticipations for Tainan city government. Research findings pointed out the Tainan heritage tourism extant difficulties and the bottleneck, as well as between the populace and the municipal government dropping variance of the cognition, and to the municipal government proposed improvement of and the promotion the existing heritage area soft and hardware equipment facility, usability of the enhancement industry green authentication system, develops the heritage low-carbon tourism multi-dimensional appearance, the thick heritage culture garden area connotation positively, the enhancement municipal government sells the visibility, fosters the populace to travel by the populace gradually to transport the use custom, models Tainan to become the Asian Amsterdam and so on six suggestion program.
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Lu, Yu-Rong, and 呂昱蓉. "Domestic Tourism Expenditures in Taiwan-An Application of Interval Regressions." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9k87j7.
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"Perceptions of Nature-Based Tourism, Travel Preferences, Promotions and Disparity between Domestic and International Tourists: The case of Botswana." Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.27507.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: This study explores domestic and international tourists' perceptions of nature-based tourism using the North-South conceptualization of nature and the setting up of national parks as a conceptual framework. In addition, using Urry's (1990) tourist gaze, the study assesses tourism promotions in Botswana from locals' and tourism marketers' points of view. Moreover, the study assesses locals' tourist gaze and compares it with the international tourist gaze. Qualitative methods were used to collect data, including in-depth interviews with local residents, international tourists, and tourism promoters such as government agencies and the private sector. Photo-elicitation interviews were also carried out to help identify the respondents' gaze. Six study sites, including the protected areas of Chobe National Park (CNP), Moremi Game Reserve (MGR), two cities of Gaborone and Francistown, and two urban villages of Palapye and Maun were selected for this study. Results indicate that the way people in the South conceptualize nature is different from the way international tourists do, and this has an impact on visitations to national parks. While for international tourists nature symbolizes recreation, rejuvenation, and an opportunity `to get away from it all', for locals it is seen as a part of everyday life. Furthermore, tourism promotions in the country are geared towards promoting Western tourists' gaze with the local market gaze being totally ignored by the sector. The local gaze is also different from the Western gaze. While for international tourists visiting Botswana the gaze is directed towards wildlife and wilderness, for locals, the gaze is directed towards more traditional destinations, such as farms, as well as more `modern' attractions and `touristic' attractions.
However, it is the Western gaze that is taken into consideration by tourism promoters, thereby questioning the sustainability of an industry that disregards one group over another. The results also indicate that culture and historical events have an impact on visitations to protected areas. Policy implications are discussed.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Doctoral Dissertation Community Resources and Development 2014
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Chiu, Yu-hua, and 邱玉華. "Tourism Policy, Monetary Policy and Dynamic Adjustment for Domestic Economic System." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16864720659122494174.
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Huang, Chen-Te, and 黃進德. "Research the Impact of mainland capital inflow towards domestic tourism industry." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46329523098086539917.
Full textAbstract:
博士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>政治學研究所<br>103<br>Mainland citizens outbound tourism and tourist industries foreign investment are parts of going global strategy of international expansions.Oversea tourism has been gradually lift restrictions from 2000,outbound travel and consumption amounts increase over the years in Mainland.
Mainland outgoingpassengers have becomed synonym of GDP and caused competing in those country of destinations, Asia especially in Hong Kong and Macao , South Korea, Taiwan and Japan held the maximum amounts of travelling market.
In order to control contributions of population dividend and play services to foreign affairs,Chinese government manipulates tourist follow combination of investment strategy , established travel agencies , invested hotels and tourist spots in most chinese departing passengers market.
Because of going global policy and populations GDP increase, Chinese outbound tourists possess the most proportion in the world ,but tourism trade surplus reverses into deficit from 2011,at the same time government accelerates tourism industry cross-border investments by policy support among state-owned industries.
Our government lift restrictions of mainlanders to Taiwan from 2008 and mainland industries investment from 2009,starting two-ways exchange and investment era involves personnels and funds.
Mainlanders brings foreign exchange quotas account for 40 percent to inbound tourists in taiwan,and sustain rising.From this time on,domestic agencies start deal in inbound tourists from outbound,hotels are growing rapidly,the same as boutique and souvenir shops.
Because of agencies and hotels investing are still forbidded toward Chinese,capital inflow into Taiwan is remain limited.Under the supervision regulations of mainland capital is still unenacted and the impacts of 318 movement,more open for mainland capital investing to domestic tourist seems to a little far away.Owing to mainland travelers to Taiwan have exceeded thousands from 2008 to 2014 and bought lots of interests,mainland enterprises manipulate varieties of transaction to get into domestic tourist market investment ,in order to interests control, market monopolizing and increasing interdependence.
Tourism surplus exist only in cross-strait among Chinese oversea tourism market,therefore,Chinese investment to Taiwan reach more exampleimplication of decrement of travel trade deficit.The essence of mainland state-owned enterprise is for the purpose of political service.
According to mainland-Taiwan strategy and in the hope that the people of Taiwan measure,mainland state-owned enterprise coming to Taiwan is to foster power of pro-China inside so as to influence of policy formulation and implementation.Nevertheless, its attempts toward and economy promoting political measures have caused panic of profits bestowal cost and complex of rebound to China factors.
This dissertation probe into the impact of mainland capital inflow to domestic tourist industry base on the theory of foreign direct investment,as well as view from neoliberalism ,constructivism and bargaining theory. For supplement insufficient,expert interviews being used as an auxiliary way.However,issues of mainland foreign investment still has lots of remains uncover,expccted to study.
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Wood, Erin. "Pilot Salary Determination in Australia's Domestic Airlines from Whitlam to Keating." 1997. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/238/1/02whole.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis places the 1989 Australian domestic pilots and airlines dispute in the context of pilot industrial relations 'norms', pilot industrial relations history and the political and economic environment. The aim is to gain a greater understanding of the 1989 dispute and to answer questions such as whether the dispute stood out from its context as an inexplicable development. It was discovered that the reasons behind the dispute went well beyond the AFAP claim for a 29.47% salary increase. The dispute built up over a lengthy period and can only be properly understood by considering: - the nature of the pilot community and pilot militancy, - the history of pilot industrial relations, - pilot bargaining patterns, - the individuals involved in pilot industrial relations, - the impact of the Accord on pilot bargaining, - the interventionist approach of labor governments to pilot industrial relations, - the roles of the ACTU and the AIRC, - the impact of neo-corporatism in the Australian industrial relations system, - the impact of aviation deregulation, - the impact of economic fortunes, - any many others... Pilot industrial relations and salary determination will be considered in the period since the Whitlam Government, with reference to the parties, the influences upon them and the environment in which their relationships were conducted. Emphasis will be given to the implications for and of the 1989 dispute. Observations shall also be made about the future of pilot industrial relations.
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Hsiao, Pei-Yi, and 蕭佩怡. "Analyzing the Reasons Why Taiwanese Travelers Choose the Domestic or Foreign Tourism." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a7788e.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>管理學院工業工程與管理學程<br>107<br>The tourism industry is one of the largest economies in the world, and the total contribution of it to GDP is increasing every year. More than 50% of Taiwanese tourists plan domestic tourism during weekend. However, in 2017, the growth rate of domestic tourism is lower than foreign tourism, and it shows negative growth. One reason is that Taiwanese tourists will choose to reduce domestic tourism because of planning foreign tourism. The purpose of this study is to explore the motivations, constraints, and tourist satisfaction of Taiwanese tourists and how to influence Taiwanese travelers choose to travel in the domestic or foreign, to provide a reference for tourism-related industries. A questionnaire survey subject was Taiwanese tourists, and the main focus of the study was whether personal background variables and travel characteristics of Taiwanese tourists are significantly different from the various aspects of tourist motivation, travel constraints, and tourist satisfaction, and analyze the various facets whether there is correlation. The results provide reliability and validity analysis, statistical analysis, independent t test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis. The results of this study show that Taiwan tourists' satisfaction of domestic tourism is generally lower than that of foreign tourism. The reason is that Taiwan's attractions can't attract Taiwanese tourists who like humanities; moreover, Taiwan's sightseeing transportation is not universal enough, the costs of accommodation and transportation are too expensive, so Taiwanese travelers prefer to travel in the foreign rather than domestic.
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Liu, Chia-Hsien, and 劉嘉賢. "Generation Analysis of Expenditure for Domestic Tourism Within Different Social Class Stratum Families." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37690751008145580248.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>休閒事業管理系碩士班<br>97<br>Abstract
The accelerated economic growth in Taiwan, gradual increase of annual individual income and popularization of education enable people to focus more on leisure activities in addition to the pursuit of materialistic life. Different societal perspectives are bred in households based on factors such as varying economic capabilities of consumption, disposable spare time, et al. The households growing in different generations have different value systems making judgments because of different life experience. The transitions in societal contexts and the change in the structure of familial population result in the change in familial life cycle, and whether or not the said change will impact on the difference in spending on domestic travels in the context of households of different societal levels. This study uses the database on the surveys of household incomes acquired from the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan to explore the change in spending on travelling of households of different generations, based on the data of household income between 1991 and 2006 with 5-year intervals. The method of generational analysis is used to compare the long-term change in spending on travelling amongst households of different generations, analyze the difference in expenditure on travelling and consumption of households of different societal levels, as well as analyze the spending on domestic travels of households of different societal levels.
There is a significant difference in terms of the monetary amount spent on domestic travels by households of different generations, in the said amount gradually decreases per annum with the increase in age of the heads households; the money spent on domestic travels by households of younger generations is on the increasing trend per annum. In regard to the spending on domestic travelling amongst households of different time periods, the monetary amounts all peak at household heads with average age of 50 years old, after which the spending on domestic travels demonstrates a decreasing trend with the increase in age. It is revealed through the analysis and test using One-way Analysis of Variance, ANOVA that there is a significant difference in terms of the spending on domestic travels amongst households of different generations and time periods.
It is revealed in the study using the test of Two-way Analysis of Variance, ANOVA that there is a significant difference in the spending on domestic travels amongst households of different societal levels in different generations (disposable income of the household head, level of education and profession). The said phenomenon demonstrates that societal levels present an influencing factor on the spending on domestic travels by households.
Keywords: Social stratum , family, Domestic Tourism , generational analysis
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Tseng, Jui-Wei, and 曾睿偉. "The Selection Attributes on Domestic Group Tourism－An Example of Motorcoach Tour Market." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85334950205164302931.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>觀光事業研究所<br>91<br>The “Motorcoach Tour” is the most economical and efficient mode of group tour-ism. The Tourism Bureau planned to develop eight sightseeing bus routes in Taiwan. This would provide another transport option for the independent tourists. Motorcoach tourism is already a very important mode of domestic travel, but there has been little research in this field yet. This study seeks to understand the relationship between demographic identity, travel behavior, life style, and travel motivation of travel con-sumers. It relates these to the priorities they attach to various selection attributes as evi-denced by their repurchase intention.
Six hundred questionnaires were used to collect data from consumers who have joined motorcoach tours. Respondents were asked about the importance they place on different selection attributes of the motorcoach tour, and the intension of repurchase. Completed questionnaires were returned by 464 consumers (a 77.3% response rate).
The results indicate that there are significant differences in selection priorities among the respondents, and that these are associated with differences in the above listed attributes. It also shows that a consumer’s intention to repurchase could be effectively predicted by his/her access to private automobile transport, preference of travel ar-rangement, lifestyle emphasis on relaxation and enjoyment, as well as the frequency of domestic tours and outside performance of the travel motivation.
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LIANG, HSIU-CHUAN, and 梁秀娟. "A Study on the Differences of Domestic Tourism Consumption Factors on Weekdays and Holidays." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2hn83r.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>佛光大學<br>應用經濟學系<br>106<br>Our study research that, the Taiwan Tourism Research Bureau commissioned the Survey Research Data Archive (SRDA) ("Survey Research Data Archive") to handle the "104 National Tourism Survey Survey". The Endogenous Switching Regression Model (ESRM) was used to estimate the factors related to domestic tourism consumption during weekdays and holidays for observation and analysis. Using the best approximation method to calculate the estimated time letter and travel expenditure letter with the endogenous conversion regression model, the estimated results are as follows:
The tourism spending expenditures for tourism on weekdays have a significant negative effect on the age, purpose of tourism, travel methods and peers, showing that the smaller the age of “travel on weekdays”, the higher the tourism spending on non-sightseeing tourism. Holidays, other people's plans and companions have higher tourism consumption during the weekday tour; in addition, there are work, marital status, average monthly income, gender and accommodation, and other factors, which have positive effects and are displayed in the “travel on weekdays”. Males, those with a fixed salary, married people, and those with an average monthly income are relatively expensive to spend on accommodation on weekdays.
Tourism consumption expenditure on holiday travel has a significant effect on the number of factors such as work, marital status, residential cities, travel methods, transport, online ordering and travel exhibitions. It indicates that “holiday travel” is not a regular payroll, not For people who live in municipalities directly under the Central Government, the total amount of tourists who use mass transit through tourism exhibitions in holiday tourism consumption is higher. This may be due to the fact that people living outside the urban areas have increased their transportation expenses through domestic transportation on holiday holidays. In addition, factors such as age, education level, average monthly income, gender, accommodation, purpose of travel, travel agencies and companions have positive effects. They show that men, older people, high education, and monthly average income are the “holiday tours”. The higher the total, the higher the number of people who have accommodation, sightseeing holiday makers, and no companions, but who travel through holiday travel through travel agencies will be higher. Probably the reason may be that travel agencies and accommodations may affect the total amount of tourism consumption relative to consumption.
In terms of relative interests, there are ethnic groups with tourist habits on weekdays, because tourism on weekdays has a higher expenditure on tourism; on the contrary, ethnic groups with holiday travel habits also have higher expenditure on tourism because of holidays.
There are groups of people who travel on weekdays, regardless of whether they travel on weekdays or holidays, the expenditure on tourism is higher, but there is a higher expenditure on tourism or tourism on weekdays. On the contrary, the group of holiday tourism habits, regardless of whether they travel on weekdays or holidays, Travel expenditure is low, but the choice of holiday travel will be higher than the travel expenditure when choosing to travel on weekdays.
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Chen, Ling-Yen, and 陳玲燕. "The Study on the Tourists’ Preference toward Health Tourism Product in Beitou Area─A Case of Domestic Health Examination Tour." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29067718123636129753.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立台北護理學院<br>旅遊健康研究所<br>95<br>Health tourism is an emerging product which incorporates medical resources into tourism. For the reason that health has gained more and more attention in Taiwan in recent years, this study combines the tourism and health examination to analyze the potential tourists’ preference on health tourism product, expecially on health examination tour in Beitou area. This study applied conjoint analysis and questionnaire survey. There were 6 attributes and 12 levels in this study. Moreover, 8 alternatives with the application of orthogonal design were obtained. The respondents were asked to rank 8 alternatives according to their preference. The analysis through conjoint analysis was applied to find the most important attribute and combination of the health examination tour. The results indicate that the health examination type is the most important attribute, followed by characteristics of tour, the length of trip, hotel level, transport and hospital level. The potential tourists’ favorite health examination tour is the combination of a two-day trip, half-day examination in medical center, natural landscape sightseeing, international tourist hotel and the transport to Beitou by themselves. Research conclusions also reveal that there are two market segments in the health examination tour. The first segment is named “Long-term luxurious tour,” while the second segment is named as “Short-term exquisite tour.” Consequently, the results provide useful implications for tourism and medical industries to develop related health tourism products. It is suggested to design health tourism product based on tourist’s preference in order to increase their purchase intentions.
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Wood, Erin. "Pilot Salary Determination in Australia's Domestic Airlines from Whitlam to Keating." Thesis, 1997. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/238/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis places the 1989 Australian domestic pilots and airlines dispute in the context of pilot industrial relations 'norms', pilot industrial relations history and the political and economic environment. The aim is to gain a greater understanding of the 1989 dispute and to answer questions such as whether the dispute stood out from its context as an inexplicable development. It was discovered that the reasons behind the dispute went well beyond the AFAP claim for a 29.47% salary increase. The dispute built up over a lengthy period and can only be properly understood by considering: - the nature of the pilot community and pilot militancy, - the history of pilot industrial relations, - pilot bargaining patterns, - the individuals involved in pilot industrial relations, - the impact of the Accord on pilot bargaining, - the interventionist approach of labor governments to pilot industrial relations, - the roles of the ACTU and the AIRC, - the impact of neo-corporatism in the Australian industrial relations system, - the impact of aviation deregulation, - the impact of economic fortunes, - any many others... Pilot industrial relations and salary determination will be considered in the period since the Whitlam Government, with reference to the parties, the influences upon them and the environment in which their relationships were conducted. Emphasis will be given to the implications for and of the 1989 dispute. Observations shall also be made about the future of pilot industrial relations.