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Ntshingila, Sincengile Nokubonga. "Domestic water uses and value in Swaziland a contingent valuation approach /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02192007-171458.
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Thesis (M. Sc.(Agric))(Agricultural Economics)--University of Pretoria, 2006.Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-95). Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.
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Gbedemah, Francis Shine. "Management, uses and values of demand-oriented domestic water facilities in the Akatsi District of Ghana." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9295.
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Community participation and management has been hailed as central to the provision of essential services like clean water facilities to underserved communities in developing countries. In Ghana, community participation and management is seen as the blue-print to water facility provision and management in both rural and small towns of the country due to the failure of the top-down approach to the provision and management of this essential facility. I argue in this thesis that the water sector reform in Ghana is being influenced by external forces like the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as such community management (CM) of water in rural areas of Ghana is not made to serve the interests of the poor but to relieve the government of providing good and affordable water to these people. It is argued in the thesis that the use-values people in rural and small towns attached to different sources of water are not properly enumerated in the water sector. This thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of the bottom-up approach to water facilities provision in the Akatsi District of Ghana through the use of extensive field surveys, observation, focus group discussions, and interview with key informants in two communities- a rural community that benefited from a borehole (tube well) facility and a ‘small town’ where people use different forms of water sources like wells, boreholes, rain harvesting systems and pipe scheme (gravity fed borehole). The study assesses how the facilities are being managed and reasons why people use a particular water source at a particular time. Findings show that whilst water has been commodified, remuneration given people managing the facilities have not been commodified. Women agreed to participate in water management but later leave the water and sanitation development boards (WSDB) because they derive little remuneration from this undertaking. Within the WSDB, there is no consensus of opinion among “indigenous” citizens of Akatsi and people from different towns serving in the board on how the facilities should be managed. Sustainability and replication of the facilities is at stake because institutions and bodies owe the WSDB arrears that could have been used to pay for the initial capital cost incurred by the DA or extension of service to new areas. The DA is also not assisting the WSDB to institute legal action against these defaulters to recover these costs because the water facilities in principle belong to the community. Indeed, the institutional pluralism in the construction and management of water facilities in rural areas and small towns of Ghana is de-motivating WSDBs and people in beneficiary communities to make additional contribution for the development of their water systems because some communities were assisted with water facilities without paying initial capital cost of construction. Even though distance people travelled to gather water has been shortened as a result of the provision of public stand pipes and boreholes in various locations in Akatsi, the new infrastructure associated with the CM strategy has increased time spent gathering water. The findings also show that people of Akatsi do not have demand for the water facilities being provided them because they refused to pay part of the initial capital cost of the facility provision and get connected to the piped network. They are also resisting CM of water facilities because they do not take part in the activities of the WSDB leaving the facilities to be managed by these selected few. Findings from the thesis shows that the use-values people attached to a particular type of water are very important in addition to the price they have to pay to use it. People use a particular type of water for a specific purpose base on the characteristics the water possesses. Borehole water does not replace rain harvested water or river use because of its taste and hardness. The study reiterated that existing local water management strategies like rainwater harvesting should be incorporated into CWSP in small towns as well as villages for the people to use this water source for purposes like drinking or washing. This study fills a gap in development geography which often overlooks how gender is created through water resource interventions by concerning itself with how new meanings of community management is reinforcing gender inequality and spatial development through water facilities management and its commodification. It contributes to feminist and development geography literature by demonstrating that participatory approaches to water resource management act as a constraint to women empowerment and poverty alleviation. The study concludes that, community participation and management of water facilities is not benefiting the intended beneficiaries as such the whole concept of community participation and management should be given a second thought in the development geography literature.
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Wilbers, Gerardus Wilhelmus (Gert-Jan) [Verfasser]. "Assessment of health-related risks associated with domestic water uses in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam / Gerardus Wilhelmus (Gert-Jan) Wilbers." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077269242/34.
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Motoboli, Ma-Edward Jermina. "The impact of improved water access for both domestic and productive uses on human development: the case of Letsoalo-Sekororo in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/405.
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Thesis (M.A. (Agricultural Economics))--University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011.The main aim of the study was to analyse the impact of improved water access for both domestic and productive uses on human development. The study was conducted in three villages in the Letsoalo-Sekororo community within the Mopani District Municipality in the Maruleng Local Municipality around the banks of the Olifants River in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study used a total sample of 59 participants representing 40 households, 16 key informants. Three focus group discussions were held. Various variables for the households were selected and analysed using logistic regression. The method of agreement was used for key informants as well as for focus group discussions. The results from the logistic regression indicated that household size and quantity of water consumed by an individual per household was found to be showing a positive relationship to improved water access. Cattle ownership and household’s monthly income were found to be showing a negative relationship to improved water access. The results also indicated that other people’s private yard taps are the water source which showed a negative relationship to improved water access. The variable food availability throughout the year, showed a positive relationship to improved water access. Water related disease showed a negative relationship to improved water access. The results of method of agreement indicated that there are many challenges faced by the key informants. These challenges were because of the poor water reticulations and the fact that other households were unable to make their connections due to lack of a money. vii The study recommends that the Department of Water Affairs and the Maruleng Local Municipality should continue their efforts of getting enough and safe water fir the Letsoalo- Sekororo communities. Once that is done these communities will be able to get involved in income generating activities.
French Embassy through the Centre for Rural Community Empowerment
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Hoerl, Erin Natalie. "Foraging strategies, use of space and aggressive behavior of domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus)." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1431.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Animal and Avian Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Van, Zyl GHC. "Solar energy for domestic use." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/884.
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Thesis (MTech(Chemical engineering))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 2000The demand for pool heating has increased dramatically over the last few years. This is ascribed to the idea that a swimming pool is expensive and can only be used for four months of the year. Therefore, a need for a relatively inexpensive solar heating system, capable of heating pool water to comfortable temperatures for an extended period, does exist. The least expensive solar heating system for swimming pool heating on the market in South Africa is in the order of R 11000. This is a fixed system, usually mounted on the roof of a house. In order to ensure the safety of minors, a safety net or sail must be installed. This is an additional cost, which approximates R1500, yielding a total cost for safety and heating in the order of R 12500. Copper pipes packed in black material are utilised in these conventional heating systems, and it is the cost of this good heat conductor that makes these units expensive. In this study an alternative pool heating system constructed of PVC was investigated. The system is designed to be flexible, mobile, act as a safety mechanism and absorbs the maximum amount of solar energy available. Dark blue material as opposed to black PVC was selected for aesthetic reasons at the expense of maximum efficiency. The material strength was tested as well as the strength of adhesion. The influence of factors such as exposure to the sun and the effect of water containing chlorine and acid on the material were evaluated. Also, various means of channelling the water through the system for increased efficiency was investigated. A pilot model was constructed and its performance evaluated. It has been concluded that the alternative approach provides effective heating at a lower cost than current systems. Also, the durability of the design was found to be acceptable.
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Baharoon, Walid A. M. "Architect-user communication process through the use of computers in multi-unit housing design." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59621.
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It is commonly believed that by involving the user in the design process of his dwelling unit, a higher level of satisfaction could be achieved. Attempts have been made in several countries to include users in the design process of their units using different communication media including computers. However, today computers have been implemented primarily for the use of architects. This study aims at narrowing the architect-user communication gap by using computers in multi-unit housing design. The author reviews past work in user involvement in the design process through the use of computers and the possibility of introducing computers into the North American homebuilding Industry. Through an algorithm the author will demonstrate how the communication process can take place. Two simulations were conducted in order to test the proposed system in a realistic situation. The results of the study suggest that the user is able to make his own decisions, control his budget and satisfy his needs independently within a reasonable amount of time. These results could have further positive impact on the architect, user, building industry and the built environment.
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Revell, Kirsten Magrethe Anita. "Mental models : understanding domestic energy systems and user behaviour." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/386139/.
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Energy consumption due to domestic heating is a major contributor to climate change. Kempton (1986) proposed that ‘Mental Models’ of thermostat controls could be linked to energy wasting behaviour. Mental models can be thought of as ‘pictures in the mind’ that help users understand and operate systems. This thesis explored if changes to the heating interface design could influence the mental model held, to promote appropriate behaviour with heating controls. Consideration of bias is essential when undertaking research into mental models. The ‘Tree-Rings’ framework was developed to address this, resulting in the creation of the ‘Quick Association Check’ (QuACK); a method for capturing and analysing mental models and behaviour related to heating controls. QuACk was initially applied to a case study of 6 householders. This revealed a ‘systems level’ approach was necessary to understand behaviour strategies, in contrast to Kempton’s single device focus. Differences in mental models explained differences in self-reported behaviour. Misunderstandings of how heating controls worked together and the influence of thermodynamics on boiler activation, explained variations in consumption between households. Norman’s (1983) ‘7 stages of activity’ was used to produce a design specification for a ‘control panel’ style heating interface. This focused on correcting key misunderstandings in householders’ mental models, that hindered appropriate behaviour. A home heating simulation was developed to allow the design to be compared with a typical presentation of heating controls. The new interface significantly improved the appropriateness of users’ mental models at the system and device levels. More appropriate behaviour was found with specific controls and the duration of goal achievement was significantly increased. These findings have implications for strategies to reduce domestic consumption through behaviour change, and provide insights that can be used to improve the design of home heating interfaces.
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Hedenberg, Ola, and John Wallander. "Solar energy for domestic use in southern Brazil." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1603.
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Almost all the domestic water in Brazil is heated with an electrical heater directly by the end consumer. A typical heater has an effect of 5 400 W and when the whole population takes a shower in the evening it causes big peaks in the electrical grid. This consumption peaks could be reduced by simple and cheap solar collector system.
Different system technologies and the most important parts of a solar collector system are described in the technical background. In Lajeado almost every system is a self-circulated system because of the simplicity and the lower costs.
Solar cooling as an alternative to the vapor compressor chillers has been studied. The cooling demand is biggest when the sun shines; this makes the sun perfect as a source to cooling. The ab- and adsorption chillers as a method in the future have been discussed in this paper; however it has only been studied briefly because small scale chillers using the technology can not be found on the market yet.
A number of different systems have been dimensioned after the existing conditions of Lajeado, the town where the project has been carried out in. Prizes and costs for both installation and materials come from the local solar collector supplier. With this as a background; several systems for various hot water demands has been dimensioned and costs and repayment time been calculated. A study of all the systems shows that, if the hot water demand increases and the systems get bigger, the profitability grows and the repayment time becomes shorter, down to three years. In almost every case the repayment time was under eight years, which makes solar heating attractive and the profit is good for the southern Brazil.
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Huang, Liangyu. "CFD modelling of condensing boilers for domestic use." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265278.
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Haydaroğlu, Elir Yıldız Kipöz Şölen. "A study of colours use electrical domestic appliance/." [s.l.]:b [s.n.], 2006. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/endustriurunleritasarimi/T000540.pdf.
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Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 2006Keywords: Colours, electrical domestic appliances, colour theory, 20th century history of art and design, historic development of domestic appliances. Includes bibliographical references (leaves.86-90).
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Afrane-Okese, Yaw. "Domestic energy use database for integrated energy planning." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18688.
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One of the legacies of the apartheid policies in South Africa has been·the huge gap between rich and poor households in terms of their access to basic energy services. This study explores the essence of shifting from· supply-driven approach to an integrated framework in energy planning order to evolve policies that match national goals and objectives with the energy needs of the low-income households. The principles of Integrated Energy Planning (IEP) are outline for the household sector and the development of an energy database is identified as one of the important processes required in IEP. The design of the database is practically demonstrated by capturing existing secondary and primary data on energy use in low-income households in South Africa. The user-interface and on-line data analysis of the database are also illustrated. Furthermore, the data has been extensively analysed to show the factors that influence energy demand in the low-income households and how these factors may interact with one another. In·addition, energy grid-use data·has been aggregated from the· database as input into an energy modelling computer programme for estimating energy demand projections for low-income households. These energy demand projections are based on 'energy scenarios which investigate alternate energy supply options. Thus the study illustrates how energy use data can be organised into a tool for informing policy formulation. Bibliography: p. 154-156.
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Darby, Sarah. "Awareness, action and feedback in domestic energy use." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:144896dd-f8d8-40ef-8122-5aeb3ac1551c.
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The nature of gas and electricity and the methods of distribution, billing and payment all contribute to the 'invisibility' of much domestic energy consumption in industrial and post-industrial societies. For the householder, understanding how to invest and behave in ways that will give affordable comfort with minimum environmental impact involves making sense of a hidden set of processes. This poses a major challenge, one that a range of energy advice programmes is attempting to meet. The main focus to date has been on the actions taken as a result of advice, with little attention paid to teaching and learning processes or to context. This thesis explores formal and informal processes by which householders learn about their energy use in order to develop a theoretical framework. Constructivist learning theory guides the investigation and a variant of the 'conscious competence' model of learning is used as a starting point. The concept of'tacit knowledge' (foundational knowledge, usually acquired informally) is used in tracing the development of energy literacy. Empirical data come from householder surveys and from interviews of householders and advisers in five contrasting locations in the UK. Interpretation of this material demonstrates the construction of meaning through experience and interaction with others, and the potential role of the energy adviser as a trusted and knowledgeable person. The building of tacit knowledge is crucial to the development of energy literacy and the householder's ability to absorb and evaluate new information. Energy advisers need to be able to identify and develop existing knowledge, and to form effective networks with social welfare programmes. The need to build awareness by following up advice wherever possible is stressed. There also needs to be a supportive learning infrastructure that includes easily accessible feedback on consumption, and the availability of accurate information for those who are knowledgeable and confident enough to teach themselves.
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Leone, Erin Hoerl. "Separating the effects of group size, density, and enclosure size on movement and use of space in domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus)." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8134.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Animal and Avian Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Navas, Lillian, and Lilia Santoyo. "Latinas' utilization of domestic violence resources." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2102.
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Combe, Nicola. "Reducing domestic energy conusmption through inclusive interface design." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7172.
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With housing in the UK responsible for over a quarter of all building related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, it is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the impact of occupant behaviour on such emissions. One area where occupant behaviour contributes largely towards emissions is space heating within domestic buildings. Despite technological improvements in the efficiency of heating systems, controls have become increasingly complex. Hence, there is a need to enable people to use their heating controls effectively in order to help reduce the associated CO2 emissions. This research found that significant numbers of people were excluded from using digital programmable thermostats, in particular people over 50 years old. The first study examined the scale of exclusion relating to digital programmable thermostats installed at a specific housing development. A second study explored in detail the reasons for exclusion from successfully programming a range of digital programmable thermostats. This was an in-depth usability study of heating controls that focused on the usability issues experienced by older people and was published in the Journal of Engineering Design. Based upon the outcomes of the first two studies a more inclusive heating control interface prototype was developed. The prototype demonstrated a reduction in both cognitive demands and associated user exclusion. Task success rates increased by 56.3% amongst older participants, and detailed energy modelling indicated that energy savings of 14.5-15.6% annually could be achievable. This work suggests that a more inclusive heating control interface could enable energy savings in the region of 15% through reducing the cognitive demands. Furthermore, this research challenges the existing paradigm and shows that inclusive design research may contribute to sustainable development in an environmental, as well as social, capacity.
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Campos, Jaime F. "Multinationals, technology transfer and domestic R&D incentives." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10951/.
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This thesis is a collection of four essays which aim to make a contribution to the theoretical analysis of the impact that flows of FDI have on fast growing developing countries, in which foreign firms not only invest but also set up R&D facilities. More precisely, we study these issues in a context in which both the mode of foreign expansion and the incentives to innovate are endogenously determined. In particular, this thesis intends to contribute to answer the following key questions: 1. What is the impact that subsidiaries of Multinational Corporations (MNC) have on some of the key determinants for the host country technological development (e.g. Research and Development investment)? 2. What are the welfare implications of the different ways in which the MNC can serve the local economy (e.g. Exports, Subsidiary)? 3. What mechanisms can host countries implement to increase the benefits of the presence of MNC? Chapter 1 surveys the theoretical literature on the impact that the presence of MNC have on the host country economy, in particular on his technological development. This chapter identifies gaps in the theoretical literature that this thesis intends to fill up. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 develop theoretical models that analyse the strategic interaction between a MNC and a domestic firm. The analysis focuses on the effect of this interaction on the incentives that domestic firms have to undertake R&D investment. Also, we analyse the impact of the different scenarios on the domestic welfare and obtain implications on industrial policy. A common feature of these models is the utilisation of a game theoretic approach. We analyse multistage oligopoly models where firms choose simultaneously R&D investment and prices (or output) in the second and third stages, while in the first stage the foreign firm decide the mode of serving the domestic market: either by exporting or Foreign Direct Investment. Chapter 2 analyses these issues in the context of a vertically differentiated market, chapter 3 in the context of a horizontally differentiated product with R&D spillovers from the Multinational Corporation Subsidiary to the domestic firm. Finally, chapter 4 investigates research joint ventures in a duopoly market with R&D spillovers and the presence of a MNC's subsidiary.
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Komesli, Okan Tarik. "Use Of Membrane Bioreactors In Treatment And Re-use Of Domestic Wastewaters." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607028/index.pdf.
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This study was carried out to investigate performance of a Vacuum Rotating Membrane (VRM) type membrane bioreactor (MBR). During the study, the VRM plant was erected from scratch and operated in METU campus. The plant was composed of two tanks. First one was about 100 m3 and it was used for biological treatmentthe second tank, about 30 m3, was used as filter chamber. The permeate flow rate was adjusted between 6 and 8.5 m3/h giving a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 18 hours during the study. In the aeration tank, dissolved oxygen (DO) was adjusted to between 4 and 0.1 mg/L to see the effect of the dissolved oxygen concentration on the process. In the filter chamber, total of 540 m2 flat sheet membrane surface were used for the separation of the treated wastewater from the activated sludge. During the 140 days of operation, MLSS concentration increased from 2.5 g/L to 20 g/L. A 99.99% BOD removal and above 95% COD removal were achieved most of the time during the study. At the time when organic loading rate was between 0.35 and 0.1 kg COD/ kgVSS-day, sludge production was very low. Therefore, sludge retention time (SRT) was taken as infinite. The turbidity in the effluent was less than 1 NTU at all the time, and was below that of the tap water. In the aeration tank, 100% Total-N removal was observed when DO was 2 mg/L and MLSS was 8.36 mg/L on 80th day of operation. This indicates that simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was taking place at these conditions. Later, N-removal decreased when DO was deliberately decreased to 0.1 mg/L in the aeration tank to prevent nitrification
for treated wastewaters were intended to be used for irrigation. Since the pores of the membrane were 0.038 &
#956
m, treated wastewaters were sterile with respect to bacteria
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Lee, Jackie Chia-Hsun. "Spatial user interface : augmenting human sensibilities in a domestic kitchen." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33887.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-90).
The real world is not a computer screen. When can augmented reality and ambient interfaces improve the usability of a physical environment? This thesis presents data from design studies and experiments that demonstrate the value for ambient information and augmented reality design. The domestic kitchen is used as a domain to place smart technologies and to study visual attention,multi-tasking, food-preparation and disruptiveness. Human perception in visually complex environments can be significantly enhanced by overlaying intuitive, immersive and attentive displays. Placing Graphical User Interface designs in a physical environment made only 20% of the subjects understand what to do in the Soft-Boiled Egg experiment. In the stovetop study, 94% of the subjects understood that the augmented stovetop was still hot and dangerous through the abstract and immersive display, while only 19% of the subjects were able to determine that the normal stovetop was still hot from a distance. In the Sink study, 94% of the subjects immediately understood that the water was hot by its red color. Useful knowledge about cooking, safety, and using home appliances can be embedded with sensors into the physical environment.
(cont.) Causal-related cooking events (i.e. when a subject opened the freezer and then stood in front of the microwave, a 'Defrost' appeared on the microwave.) were added in KitchenSense in order to maintain an easily understood physical environment.
by Jackie Chia-Hsun Lee.
S.M.
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Rydstedt, Hopstadius Mathilda. "Space inspired – Space efficient : A greenhouse for domestic use." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-172078.
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With the origin in the development of space greenhouses and the technology it requires – a greenhouse for domestic use was developed. The inspiration laid in this technology and the positive impact it is able to provide the environment in general, as it is paying an extra thought of how to exploit resources to the maximum and this is a possibility to bring it down to earth. To develop a greenhouse for domestic use with this as a starting point is therefore a step forward in means of economy and health, both for the household and the environment. In addition to the requirements for optimization, dimensional as well as price, the greenhouse was also required to have usability independent of age and experience. The outcome is a light, wall hanged construction which can provide with plenty of herbs and some vegetables with its 36 planting pockets. As for vegetables the greenhouse should be seen more as a precultivation or nursing construction as vegetables in general weighs too much to grow horizontally. It is designed for high moduling possibilities, possibilities that increase together with the associated stand’s great potential in assembly combinations. Thanks to the neat dimensions 180300400mm it can be put indoors without being bulky, and thanks to the resistant PET material it can be put outdoors and withstand rough weather. The water system it uses, called the Nutrial Film Technology (NFT), is inspired from the plants’ natural water absorption. Together with the rock wool the herbs are planted in it is only necessary to run the system’s water pump two times a day, ten minutes per time – as long as the rock wool is kept moist. This greenhouse aims for bringing the economy and health up, and to bring the resource savings down to earth.Med avstamp i utvecklingen av rymdanpassade växthus och den teknik de behöver – utvecklades ett växthus för hemmabruk. Inspirationen låg i denna teknik och den positiva inverkan det har möjlighet att ha på miljön, genom att ägna en extra tänkte åt hur att utnyttja resurserna maximalt – detta är en möjlighet att ta ned det på jorden. Att utveckla ett växthus för hemmabruk med detta som utgångspunkt, är därför ett steg framåt såväl ekonomisk och för hälsan, både för hushållet och miljön. Utöver kraven på optimering, dimensions- och prismässigt, skall växthuset också medföra användbarhet oberoende av ålder och erfarenhet. Resultatet är en lätt, vägghängd konstruktion som kan ge rikligt med kryddväxter och vissa grönsaker i och med sina 36 planteringsfickor. När det gäller grönsaker bör växthuset ses mer som en förodlingsenhet eftersom grönsaker i allmänhet väger för mycket att växa horisontellt. Det är designat för höga modulingsmöjligheter, möjligheter som ökar tillsammans med det tillhörande stativets stora potential i monteringskombinationer. Tack vare sina nätta mått mm kan det placeras inomhus utan att vara klumpigt, och tack vare det resistenta PET-materialet kan det hängas utomhus och tåla tufft väder. Vattensystemet som används, kallat the Nutrial Film Technology (NFT), är inspirerat av växters naturliga vattenabsorption. Tillsammans med stenullen örterna planteras i är det endast nödvändigt att köra systemets vattenpump två gånger om dagen, tio minuter per gång – så länge stenullen hålls fuktig. Detta växthus siktar mot att öka ekonomin och hälsan, och ta ned resursbesparingarna på jorden.
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Schillinger, Raymond M. "The use of satellite imagery for domestic law enforcement." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39007.
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CHDS State/LocalFrom an event management standpoint, and in concert with digital mapping applications, satellite imagery has proven its utility to support first responders and emergency services in a wide range of both natural and manmade disasters. Imagery data has also supplemented police activities in developing operational plans that can be prepared for short time, high risk responses at either public facilities or events. This policy options analysis draws a side-by-side comparison of three approaches for the law enforcement community to readily acquire satellite imagery. One approach will make added use of the Civil Applications Committee, the second approach will explore the reactivation of the National Applications Office, and the third will investigate making greater use of commercially available sources. All three approaches have clear advantages and disadvantages, some more than others. In the final analysis, the best policy option presented was making greater use of commercial providers. The relative ease to collect material and manage it with fewer obstacles, in comparison to the Civil Applications Committee and National Applications Office alternative, made it the better option.
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CURTY, ADRIANA FAVACHO. "ECOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC EFFLUENTS WITH USE OF WETLANDS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36550@1.
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A presente dissertação trata da análise do tratamento de efluentes de esgotos domésticos, processado na ETE Ponte dos Leites, município de Araruama, Rio de Janeiro, que se destaca-se por seu enfoque ecológico. A escolha dessa ETE se deu por ser exemplo brasileiro de utilização de recursos naturais na purificação de esgotos, os wetlands construídos, nos quais as macrófitas absorvem nitrogênio e fósforo do efluente, elementos que constituem sua fonte de nutrição. Tal tratamento imita o ciclo natural, recuperando flora e fauna, preservando o meio ambiente. Os resultados da pesquisa a qual foi baseada no exemplo que ilustra esta pesquisa e que permitiram listar vantagens e desvantagens. As primeiras reúnem aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais enquanto que as desvantagens se referem à ausência de conhecimento acerca da comercialização do reúso do efluente tratado, da disponibilidade de áreas, da necessidade de manejo frequente para não comprometer os resultados e evitar a contínua geração de resíduos sólidos de origem vegetal. A pesquisa de campo sublinhou que a implantação de plantas no processo contribui economicamente e promove resiliência do ambiente. Pode-se concluir que é a tecnologia mais adequada a fim de reaproveitar todo resíduo sólido gerado e favorecer o reúso da água, pois permite a possibilidade de preservação da água desde que o reúso seja empregado para fins que não envolvam o consumo humano.The biggest problem of cities, as they reach the 21st century, is to meet the basic needs of their inhabitants. Population growth increasingly requires areas for housing and food production, and a site devoted to the waste generated by this population. With multiplication, the need for natural resources increases. The most discussed subject in this century is the water crisis. Added to the disastrous consequences that have led to the lack of appeal. The question of water needs to be rethought in relation to traditional management. That is, the capture and availability still come using molds from the beginning of the last century, which have contributed to increase environmental and financial losses, and above all contribute to poor quality of life. What this research intends to emphasize is the urgency of a change in the concept of treatment of domestic sewage, in order to reach the reuse of the treated effluent, which is the reuse. The hypothesis that it brings is to point out as a possible solution - constructed wetlands. The constructed wetlands is a type of sewage treatment that allows the reuse of water. The technology is simple, easy to maintain and economically favorable. The environmental advantages are representative with added social aspects. Household effluents are treated by plants known as: macrophytes, these mimic the cycles of nature, are the most appropriate for the purification process, do not use chemicals, nor anthropize areas for the implantation of the treatment plant, and waste generated are totally reused. The research focuses on the applicability of constructed wetlands, exemplifying architectural and urban design, which served to recover degraded urban areas, restoring natural life. The most relevant point is the resilience of the natural urban environment, of areas that have been degraded. The wetlands favor thermal equilibrium, which evidently represents the life value of the planet s species.
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Crossman, D. R. "Development of an electric heat pump for domestic use." Thesis, Aston University, 1986. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15144/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis records the design and development of an electrically driven, air to water, vapour compression heat pump of nominally 6kW heat output, for residential space heating. The study was carried out on behalf of GEC Research Ltd through the Interdisciplinary Higher Degrees Scheme at Aston University. A computer based mathematical model of the vapour compression cycle was produced as a design aid, to enable the effects of component design changes or variations in operating conditions to be predicted. This model is supported by performance testing of the major components, which revealed that improvements in the compressor isentropic efficiency offer the greatest potential for further increases in cycle COPh. The evaporator was designed from first principles, and is based on wire-wound heat transfer tubing. Two evaporators, of air side area 10.27 and 16.24m2, were tested in a temperature and humidity controlled environment, demonstrating that the benefits of the large coil are greater heat pump heat output and lower noise levels. A systematic study of frost growth rates suggested that this problem is most severe at the conditions of saturated air at 0oC combined with low condenser water temperature. A dynamic simulation model was developed to predict the in-service performance of the heat pump. This study confirmed the importance of an adequate radiator area for heat pump installations. A prototype heat pump was designed and manufactured, consisting of a hermetic reciprocating compressor, a coaxial tube condenser and a helically coiled evaporator, using Refrigerant 22. The prototype was field tested in a domestic environment for one and a half years. The installation included a comprehensive monitoring system. Initial problems were encountered with defrosting and compressor noise, both of which were solved. The unit then operated throughout the 1985/86 heating season without further attention, producing a COPh of 2.34.
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Malkani, Bharat. "The judicial use of non-domestic human rights law." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520220.
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King, Alison Jill. "Deference and disdain : domestic service in post-apartheid South Africa." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/71253/.
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The purpose of the research was to discover if the dismantling of apartheid had ameliorated the poor pay and conditions of domestic servants in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. I situated these workers in the wider societal context in order to examine their 'quality of life' in addition to their 'quality of work'. Universal features of domestic service have been the depersonalising of the worker and the denial of their adulthood to that of a child. Enriching the data with consideration of some of the life details of the domestic servants interviewed challenges these lingering social practices. I favoured an interpretive methodology in order to give my interviewees the opportunity to 'speak for themselves' and facilitate the exploration of the hidden meanings within the domestic service relationship. Having argued through the thesis that domestic servants are often social constructed, caricatured and 'trapped' into being the 'other', their words are a reaffirmation of their adult status. Hegel's Lordship/bondage paradigm was the starting point of the theoretical analysis, from which I developed my own 'chains of otherness' conception. I sacrificed representativeness in my sample in order to focus on contextualising my theoretical arguments in nine diverse case studies. The outcome was that my research question narrowed to considering improvements in the lives of my nine domestic workers interviewed. However, I have also incorporated quantitative data within the thesis to add depth to my investigation. Grahamstown was the deliberate choice for the research site, as this was also the site of Cock's (1989/79) much-cited Maids and Madams. To return to an original area of investigation was imperative, as within the remit of the research question being asked was a comparison of domestic service during and after apartheid. The distortions of regionalism were minimalised and validated my use of Cock's results as a starting point for my own findings. Mandela's book title Long Walk to Freedom is an apt description of what I discovered. Improvements are beginning to be made but there is still much more to be achieved. Domestic service's inclusion in the ambit of labour legislation and improved conditions of work are positive shifts, but wages are still extremely low and social practices still have racial orientations. In addition to the application of my theoretical arguments, I moved beyond answering the original research question to consider the effects of poverty in the lives of domestic workers and formulated strategies of empowerment. As the thesis has favoured a qualitative approach I not only considered the material factors that are necessary to empower, but also the interrelations between one another that can recognise and promote human dignity.
26
Choy, Kei-shun Vincent. "Housing 30,000 People in Mai Po : an alternative for ecologically considered development /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950423.
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Bennett, Matt. "Auditing energy utilisation in conurbations." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341048.
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Chapman, Jonathan. "Emotionally durable design : sustaining relationships between users and domestic electronic products." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2008. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/102bf373-d895-42fe-beb8-3a19a11b2b4f.
Full textAbstract:
The UK disposes of 1.25 million tonnes of domestic electronic products (DEPs) each year, the majority of which still perform their tasks perfectly, in a utilitarian sense. In an emotive sense, however, these unwanted products bear a metaphysical mode of defect manifest within the relational space occupied by both subject and object.·ln this way, it is clear that design for durability has important implications beyond its conventional interpretation, in which product longevity is considered solely in terms of an object's physical endurance whether cherished or discarded. This thesis explores the emotional dimension of design for durability to provide a more progressive set of sustainable design propositions; arguing that consumer desires continually evolve and adapt whilst the DEPs deployed to both mediate and satisfy those desires remain relatively frozen in time; this incapacity for mutual evolution renders most DEPs incapable of both establishing and sustaining a relationships with users. The waste this inconsistency generates is considerable, and comes at an increasing cost to manufacturers facing the EU Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive, but more importantly, the natural world. This thesis explores 3 converging fields of knowledge: sustainable product design, emotional and user-centred design, and consumer motivation. Although the literature reviewed in this thesis presents selected discourses that articulate the need for longer lasting domestic electronic products, practical working methods, design frameworks and tools that enable the commercial implementation of such artefacts, have yet to be realised. This study argues that the apparently intangible, ethereal nature of considerations pertaining to psychological function cause confusion for the practicing designer tasked with the design and development of greater emotional longevity in D.EPs. As a result, the potentially positive impact(s) of academic studies in this area has thus far failed to penetrate the working practices and methodologies of design - arguably, the one place where new models of sustainable design knowledge and understanding are most urgently needed. The aim of this thesis is to generate new and practical design information that enables product designers to engage more effectively with complex issues of emotional durability through design; presenting a more expansive, holistic approach to design for durability, and more broadly, the lived-experience of sustainability. The three core contributions made by this thesis are thus; (1) the implicit development of a 6-point experiential framework to structure inquiry and exploration into salient issues of emotional durability through design; (2) the design and production of 6 experimental DEPs, which exemplify ways of working with the 6point experiential framework; (3) the development of an original, and transferable, methodology for developing case-specific design knowledge to address emotionally durable design.
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Van, Gass Maria Magdalena. "User requirements for domestic energy applications : households in informal urban settings." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14696.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 273-276.The thematic focus of this dissertation is the specificity of user requirements for domestic energy applications in informal urban settlements and how these are fashioned by the contextual pre-conditions of poverty and instability. The fieldwork focused on a group of people who can be defined by the facts that they are people who house themselves, possibly fall into the lowest or no income sector of the population, are peripheral to the mainstream economic activity in the country and are temporary or permanent or roving urbanites. The research approach is done from the viewpoint that user requirements should inform the design of systems for domestic energy applications and that these subjective requirements constitute the correct point of departure from which to evaluate the efficacy of energy support services. The bulk of this dissertation consists of recounts of research interviews, illustrating some aspects of user requirements. These are presented as 'primary data' with the purpose of rendering the research more transparent and of feeing an information resource with the option of re-interpretation by the reader. The dissertation concludes that appropriate energy services will have to be characterised by adaptability and diversity as well as by sensitive responses to the micro networks of urban subsistence household economies.
30
Haines, Victoria. "The role of user centred design in domestic energy demand reduction." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16288.
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The domestic sector currently accounts for approximately a third of the UK s energy use and so energy demand reduction in the domestic sector is a key part of the UK s strategy for carbon reduction. However, energy demand reduction has typically been addressed from an engineering perspective, with little consideration of the requirements of users. This PhD submission aims to identify how qualitative information about users experiences, values and practices relating to UK domestic energy demand reduction can be collected and presented effectively to an engineering audience and incorporated into engineering-focused energy research. User centred design is presented as a viable approach to understanding the context of energy use in UK homes and specifying requirements of the householders; as a way of ensuring user needs are included in this socio-technical problem space. This requires presentation of information about human behaviour in a form that is timely and appropriate to the engineering audience, who take a positivist view, preferring facts and figures to descriptions and anecdotes. A collection of nine publications, mostly peer-reviewed journal papers, by the thesis author and her co-authors is presented. Publications spanning from 2006 to 2014 illustrate a range of approaches to providing user centred information, from literature review to complex householder studies, which can provide information to enhance the engineering data and so provide additional insight and understanding. The research findings within the individual papers add to the body of knowledge on domestic energy use. In addition, the research identifies a number of roles where user centred design contributes to understanding of home energy use. From providing background and raising awareness of the presence of users within a system, to contextual understanding and the specification of user requirements, through to more sophisticated user characterisation, it is argued that user centred design can offer a significant contribution to the field. Future application of user information into engineering models, together with large scale, longitudinal studies of home energy use are proposed, building on the contributions of this thesis.
31
Salama, Rafik. "User transformation of government housing projects : case study, Egypt." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23204.
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Public housing represents a significant percentage of the housing stock in many developing countries. Its shortcomings have been identified and examined by many scholars and experts in an attempt to investigate the possibilities of growth and adaptability in future projects. Yet, for many years and through their own initiative, public housing dwellers have been engaged in alteration and extension activities aimed at adapting their dwellings to better suit their needs. These activities have resulted in the transformation of entire housing developments in many parts of the world.Therefore, this study examines the development of transformations in different public housing projects in Egypt and attempts to identify some of the implicit factors that control change at both dwelling and community levels. A wide array of transformation activities were recorded during a survey of twenty projects in Cairo and Alexandria, from which it was possible to establish a typology of transformations and to distinguish between different patterns through which they take place. One project (Ain el Sira) was chosen as a case study in order to examine change of dwelling characteristics from both external and internal aspects.
It was found that user transformation of public housing projects should not be considered as a simple space enlargement process, but rather a result of a complex set of inter-related determinants associated with both context and dwelling characteristics. The finding also revealed that in favourable conditions, users were capable of successfully undertaking transformation activities which not only increased the range of used spaces within housing developments, but also created dynamic multi-functional estates that better respond to changing needs of households. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
32
Bramfit, Jean. "An investigation into household energy use and the utilization of wet and cold appliances." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327696.
Full textAbstract:
The use of domestic appliances and lighting accounts for approximately three-quarters of all electricity used in the home, making this an important area for energy efficiency. This research investigates factors contributing to domestic energy-use behaviour by examining environmental concerns and actions, energy related knowledge, ownership levels and the use of wet and cold domestic appliances. The technical and social influences in the UK are reviewed and issues affecting usage and energy consumption are considered. A comprehensive questionnaire was used to gain background information on the underlying attitudes and beliefs that underpin energy usage in the home. This was followed by a detailed field study of 40 households, which focussed on the use of wet and cold appliances. Monitoring techniques included energy diaries, data logging and energy metering. Short interviews were conducted with respondents in order to clarify practices, whilst laboratory work was undertaken to help quantify the energy use of selected appliances in relation to specific variables. The research shows there is considerable scope for improved energy efficiency by more discerning usage. Whilst a high level of low temperature washing is already being used, the number of cycles in washing machines could be reduced considerably by increasing load sizes. In contrast, the potential to increase the load size in dishwashers is marginal, but a further switch to low temperature wash programmes would result in some savings. The majority of cold appliances surveyed were operating outside the recommended temperature range for much of the monitoring period. In general, households were unaware of this, lacking both the necessary understanding of recommended temperatures and any means of accurately assessing operating temperature. In addition to issues of food safety, the resultant energy demand is lower than might be expected were these appliances giving better temperature performance. Although limited, the adoption of certain practices can marginally improve the performance and energy efficiency. Whilst financial incentive is a highly motivating factor in the desire to save energy, the low level of understanding of energy issues in general is likely to act as a barrier to behavioural change. Although technological improvements can remove some of the potential inefficiencies from the user decision-making, more optimal energy use cannot be fully realised until the legacy of stock appliances has been replaced. It remains, therefore, essential that the many agencies associated with the supply and utilization of domestic appliances should exploit all opportunities to promote greater awareness of energy demand.
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Panikkar, Avanish Kesava. "Use of vermicomposting in domestic onsite sewage and biowaste management." View thesis View thesis, 2004. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20050623.100339/index.html.
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Liddiard, Robert. "Characterising space use and electricity consumption in non-domestic buildings." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/6105.
Full textAbstract:
Energy used in the operation of the United Kingdom’s non-domestic buildings contributes 18% of national carbon dioxide emissions and reducing these is government policy. The use of electrical equipment in buildings is a major contributor to overall consumption, due to both its intrinsic energy consumption and the effects of incidental internal gains resulting from its operation. Knowledge of how and where consumption and internal gains occur in buildings is important in understanding the consumption characteristics of the building stock. The overall aim of this research was to improve the prediction of energy consumption in the non-domestic stock through the inference of appliance electricity consumption and resultant heat gains, for internal space uses of premises, as identified in UK property taxation data. To achieve this, the objectives were to: 1. Develop a method for inferring space usage in premises. 2. Infer values for the electricity consumption of appliances, and hence internal gains, for space uses within premises. 3. Apply the method to a dataset at the urban scale and use a suitable model to deduce the energy consumption. 4. Compare the results with measured data. Objectives 1 and 2 were achieved through analyses of detailed energy surveys of more than 300 non-domestic premises. By excluding equipment used for heating and cooling, both intrinsic electricity consumption and internal gains from appliances have been characterised for combinations of internal space use and premises activity type. For each combination, the characteristics include the energy intensity (kWh/m2/year) for: • overall appliance use • 14 end uses of appliances (e.g. lighting, catering, computers) • 18 groups of appliance activity descriptions (e.g. sales, office work, process) These characteristics were mapped onto subdivisions of space use, within premises, listed in property taxation data for a test urban area (City of Leicester). Using only 115 descriptions of space use, appliance consumption characteristics have been inferred for 91.5% of the measured internal floor area of the test dataset; this achieved the third objective. More than 80% of the floor area was identified using standard space use descriptions utilised in real estate taxation datasets. The total estimated consumption accounted for 75% of the recorded annual electricity consumption of the test area (the fourth objective). This result is acceptable, given the known limitations of the datasets and suggests that the method constitutes an improvement to stock energy modelling, thus meeting the overall aim. By inferring appliance electricity consumption and internal gains at a finer spatial resolution than previous methods, the diversity of energy consumption characteristics of the non-domestic stock may be represented more faithfully than by values applied to entire homogenised premises or premises types. The method may be used by policy makers as part of an urban energy model and as a means of evaluating potential energy interventions in the non-domestic stock, or parts thereof.
35
Felix, Robert. "The use of domestic building products by the owner-builder." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327984.
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Hitchcock, Guy St John. "The human dimension of domestic energy use : an integrated approach." Thesis, n.p, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Hubble, Sam. "Visions of domestic electricity use in a changing sociotechnical system." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/89970/.
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The domestic sector accounts for approximately one third of the UK’s energy demand. As such there is scope for significant change in domestic electricity demand to facilitate the transition towards a more sustainable electricity system. This thesis uses qualitative focus groups and interviews with public and expert participants to investigate how and why electricity is used in the home, and to unpick the assumptions within visions of possible future change to the electricity system. Public and expert interviewee suggestions for changes to increase the flexibility of domestic demand (a key aspect of enabling increased penetration of renewable generation technologies) were rooted in ecological modernisation, where technological solutions such as home automation were advocated as the most appropriate mechanisms for achieving change. Additionally, experts posited that information provision about the need for change to the wider electricity system, and thus ways in which people use electricity in the home, would ‘educate’ the public and result in acceptance and change. Solutions adopting assumptions of economic-rationality were also identified in public and expert discourse, where financial mechanisms were suggested to have the ability to influence behaviour. However, contradictory evidence suggested that financial mechanisms will not provide sufficient incentives for change, as people instead are influenced more directly by the desire to fulfil immediate needs.
38
Willis, Katie Diana. "Women's work and social network use in Oaxaca City, Mexico : an analysis of class differences." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241313.
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Iliadou, Theologia. "The securitization of female migrant domestic labour in Greece since the 1990s." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/99429/.
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Despite the historically undervalued and yet politically charged character of domestic labour its contemporary emergence as a female migrant occupation exposes the group of female migrant domestic workers to comparatively to the past more intense exploitation and abuse. Within security regimes, which act as the primary means of management for female migrants, the national and gender identities of female migrant domestic workers are constructed as a threat to the national politics of social reproduction. This research project examines the lived inequalities and vulnerabilities of female migrant domestic workers in Greece as outcomes of the politicization of migration as a threat to the national societal security. It does so by utilizing the Copenhagen School’s securitization theory as the basis for the development of this project’s analytical framework and conducting research at the three securitization stages: negotiation, acceptance and institutionalization. It argues that the identified as characteristics of the contemporary migration wave, racism and xenophobia, rise in crime and growth of the informal economy, that have defined the experiences of both nationals and aliens are outcomes of the conceptualization and development of migration policies as exclusionary measures. Utilizing Huysmans concept of desecuritization the research project concludes by claiming that the conscious reorientation of the ethical basis upon which migration policy is established in Greece will result in the alleviation of the burdens of migration for both nationals and migrants.
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Hobson, Kersty Pamela. "Talking habits into action : an investigation into Global Action Plan's 'Action at home' programme." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368092.
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Mansouri-Azar, Iman. "Energy consumptions and environmental impacts of household electrical appliances." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336522.
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Votsis, P. P. "An investigation of the integration and optimisation of a heat pump with a thermal store." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234276.
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Johnson, Troy A. "Reexamining the legislative restrictions on the domestic use of the United States military to combat domestic terrorism : a comparative analysis /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA319503.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1996."September 1996." Thesis advisor(s): Maria Moyano. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92). Also available online.
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Guan, Rui, and 关锐. "Limitation of building controls on the architectural design based on domestic and non-domestic use of buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47179569.
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Many contemporary building codes are written based on building occupancy classifications. However, with the abundance of multiplexes and highly efficient communication through advanced technology today, this principle of classification of buildings through specific use in building code-writing may cause problems in building controls. This is especially true when the trend of modern and future building occupancy is towards flexible, mixed, and transferable uses with non-distinction between working and habitation.
In the highly dense urban environment and under current Hong Kong building regulation controls, all buildings are classified for domestic or non-domestic use, which imposes control barriers to any mixed-use, merged-use or adaptive re-functioned buildings. Furthermore, the local profit-oriented real estate market always pushes the architectural design of buildings to follow the control regulations tightly. Thus, innovations are limited and usually sacrificed for the maximization of development potential in terms of economy and quality only.
This research investigates the relationship between building controls and the architectural design of buildings in Hong Kong, with a focus on the impact that building codes have imposed on the architectural design of buildings through its occupancy-based categorization of domestic or non-domestic use. It also aims to open a fresh look at the control of buildings in a high density environment.
By reviewing the origin of building laws and basic principles of building code creation, the research takes a comprehensive study with focus on four building sub-control aspects: building density, building safety, building environmental health and building sustainable designs. Case-studies, literature reviews, interviews, surveys and data analysis, and correlation analysis are used. To explore the effect of categorization of buildings, relevant professional terms and their significance also are addressed and studied.
Through various findings, this research uncovers the relationship between building controls and architectural design of buildings in Hong Kong. Results from sub-control aspects are concluded and compared. The key sub-control aspect of building density control and its control variables are identified, analyzed and re-evaluated. Comparative cases from international cities with similar environmental contexts are studied and applicable references are made.
In brief, this research provides an original perspective and approach in the field of study of building controls that related to the architectural design of buildings. It also establishes a refreshing base to understand different practical design-control issues. Moreover, some progressive and holistic recommendations in future policy makings and code writings of building control are advised.published_or_final_version
Architecture
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Ahmadli, Ismayil. "Interpretation of the user interface of a domestic appliance using robotic vision." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
This master thesis is a part of the project which is conducted by Prof.Gianluca Palli in
cooperation with a private company in Laboratory of Automation and Robotics (LAR) of
the University of Bologna. The project aims to control the given washing machines in a
laundromat using mobile based manipulator and visualize all information in a compared
manner for the user.
The first goal of this thesis is to interpret data on the user interface of the washing
machine using Deep Learning and compare it with actual data acquired from the machine
itself. The focus lies on visualizing these two type of information directly to the user
with the result of this comparison on GUI application. The second goal is to detect the
washing machine and its pieces in certain area using convolutional neural networks.
Deep learning has absolutely dominated computer vision over the last few years,
achieving top score on many task in this field, with neural networks repeatedly push-
ing the frontier of visual recognition.
After introduction basic information about Deep Learning and particularly MobileNet
architectures, Image Processing and Computer Vision concepts are presented. These
concepts such as Homography matrix estimation, are used to automatically localize the
region of interests of the user interface on the scene frame without using any external
markers and recognize the washing program, option and functionalities as well with help
of OpenCV library.
Next, training and validation procedures of MobileNetV2 for both visual recognition
and object detection tasks are described. The results are shown after finetuning with
sample data using TF-Slim image recognition library and training the network for object
detection using Tensorflow’s Object Detection API.
Finally, Loss function on training and validation are indicated and the results on the
scene frame visually are shown in a systematical way and further possible application are
briefly discussed.
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Rahmanian, F. "An Analysis of Domestic Sprinkler Systems for use in New Zealand." University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8290.
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This report evaluates the economics of domestic sprinkler systems in New Zealand. It includes a literature search, review and comparison of sprinkler codes around the world, costs and benefits of a domestic sprinkler system, and case studies for two single dwellings in Christchurch, followed by three cost-benefit scenarios.
The study concludes that domestic sprinkler systems have tremendous potential for saving life and property.
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Sugita, Eri Woods. "Domestic water use, hygiene behavior, and children's diarrhea in rural Uganda." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004375.
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Ramsey, Gregory Victor. "The urban village : a pedestrian friendly and mixed use model for the development of housing communities." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23185.
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Mak, Tsz Yee Tony. "Plug-and-play housing use of kit-of-parts methodology to design public housing for Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36790229.
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Bektes, Ahmet. "Research And Product Design To Minimize Food Waste In Western Domestic Kitchens." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612597/index.pdf.
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The aim of this thesis is to explore design directions to minimize a food wastage problem in western domestic kitchens. Central to the thesis is an understanding of people&rsquos behavior towards the food waste phenomenon. Three interconnected studies and one design project are included. In Study I, 18 participants were interviewed to explore their perceptions and attitudes towards food waste, revealing the most wasted food types and reasons for food wastage. The findings of Study I are clustered under four phases of food handling: acquisition, preparation, consumption and storage. Study II comprised a generative session with three users and two designers, devised to explore latent and tacit knowledge regarding food wastage. Study II resulted in user-generated ideas for minimizing food waste, which were analyzed so as to reveal possible design directions. From these results, a set of criteria for a &lsquo
perfect&rsquo
kitchen appliance, which could minimize food waste, was drawn-up. The design project took the research findings of Study I and II and devised a collection of design concepts as possible ways to help reduce domestic food waste. Two concepts &ndash
Philips Dispense and Canvas - are taken further because they relate to the most wasted food types: &lsquo
bread&rsquo
and &lsquo
vegetables and fruits&rsquo
. In Study III, Philips Dispense and Canvas were evaluated with a questionnaire. According to the results, in households containing busy couples without children, Philips Dispense is valued highest (it takes the food waste responsibility away from users) whereas Philips Canvas was valued lower (it gives feedback on current stocks and persuades homeowners not to waste food).