Journal articles: 'Dominance hierarchy'

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Miller, R. M. "The dominance hierarchy." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 15, no. 11 (November 1995): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0737-0806(06)81815-0.

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Van Berkel, Laura, Christian S. Crandall, Scott Eidelman, and John C. Blanchar. "Hierarchy, Dominance, and Deliberation." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 41, no. 9 (July 2015): 1207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167215591961.

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Yasuda, Shinsuke, Risa Kobayashi, Toshiro Ito, Yuko Wada, and Seiji Takayama. "Homology-Based Interactions between Small RNAs and Their Targets Control Dominance Hierarchy of Male Determinant Alleles of Self-Incompatibility in Arabidopsis lyrata." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 6990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136990.

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Self-incompatibility (SI) is conserved among members of the Brassicaceae plant family. This trait is controlled epigenetically by the dominance hierarchy of the male determinant alleles. We previously demonstrated that a single small RNA (sRNA) gene is sufficient to control the linear dominance hierarchy in Brassica rapa and proposed a model in which a homology-based interaction between sRNAs and target sites controls the complicated dominance hierarchy of male SI determinants. In Arabidopsis halleri, male dominance hierarchy is reported to have arisen from multiple networks of sRNA target gains and losses. Despite these findings, it remains unknown whether the molecular mechanism underlying the dominance hierarchy is conserved among Brassicaceae. Here, we identified sRNAs and their target sites that can explain the linear dominance hierarchy of Arabidopsis lyrata, a species closely related to A. halleri. We tested the model that we established in Brassica to explain the linear dominance hierarchy in A. lyrata. Our results suggest that the dominance hierarchy of A. lyrata is also controlled by a homology-based interaction between sRNAs and their targets.

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Qu, Chen, and Jean-Claude Dreher. "Sociobiology: Changing the Dominance Hierarchy." Current Biology 28, no. 4 (February 2018): R167—R169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.018.

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Prathap, Gangan. "A Tournament Metaphor for Dominance Hierarchy." Current Science 118, no. 9 (May 10, 2020): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v118/i9/1432-1436.

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Cant, Michael A., and Jeremy Field. "Helping effort in a dominance hierarchy." Behavioral Ecology 16, no. 4 (April 27, 2005): 708–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ari051.

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Sidanius, Jim, James H. Liu, John S. Shaw, and Felicia Pratto. "Social Dominance Orientation, Hierarchy Attenuators and Hierarchy Enhancers: Social Dominance Theory and the Criminal Justice System." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 24, no. 4 (February 1994): 338–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00586.x.

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Samsudewa, D., S. S. Capitan, C. C, Sevilla, R. S. A. Vega, and P. P. Ocampo. "Body measurements and testosteron level of male Timor deer (Rusa timorensis) at various hierarchies." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 42, no. 4 (December 19, 2017): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.42.4.227-232.

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The aim of this research was to observe body (neck, chest and scrotum) circumferences and testosterone level of α-male, β-male and subordinate male Timor deer reared under captivity after establisment of the dominance hierarchy. Twelve males (51 ± 6 months old; 68.29 ± 8.41 kg body weight and in same antler stages) were used in this research. The bucks was grouped into three stall each containing four bucks. ELISA kit and tape measurements were used for plasma Testosterone assay and body measurement, respectively. Data was collected before and 43 days after establishment of the dominance hierarchy. Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Kruskal-Wallis H test of non-parametric analysis was used. Significant difference was tested with Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed no significantly different for body circumferences (neck, chest, scrotum) and testosterone level of male Timor deer before establishment of dominance hierarchy. Chest and scrotum circumferences of male Timor deer after establihment of dominance hierarchy showed no significantly different. Significantly difference shown on parameter neck circumference (P<0.05; χ2 = 8.74) and testosteron level (P<0.05; χ2 = 7.87) after establishment of dominance hierarchy. In conclusion, dominance hierarchy affected the testosterone level and body measurement.

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Silk, Matthew J., Michael A. Cant, Simona Cafazzo, Eugenia Natoli, and Robbie A. McDonald. "Elevated aggression is associated with uncertainty in a network of dog dominance interactions." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1906 (July 3, 2019): 20190536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0536.

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Dominance hierarchies are widespread in animal societies and reduce the costs of within-group conflict over resources and reproduction. Variation in stability across a social hierarchy may result in asymmetries in the benefits obtained from hierarchy formation. However, variation in the stability and behavioural costs of dominance interactions with rank remain poorly understood. Previous theoretical models have predicted that the intensity of dominance interactions and aggression should increase with rank, but these models typically assume high reproductive skew, and so their generality remains untested. Here we show in a pack of free-living dogs with a sex–age-graded hierarchy that the central region of the hierarchy was dominated by more unstable social relationships and associated with elevated aggression. Our results reveal unavoidable costs of ascending a dominance hierarchy, run contrary to theoretical predictions for the relationship between aggression and social rank in high-skew societies, and widen our understanding of how heterogeneous benefits of hierarchy formation arise in animal societies.

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Yitbarek, Senay, and Stacy M. Philpott. "Arboreal twig-nesting ants form dominance hierarchies over nesting resources." PeerJ 7 (November 27, 2019): e8124. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8124.

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Interspecific dominance hierarchies have been widely reported across animal systems. High-ranking species are expected to monopolize more resources than low-ranking species via resource monopolization. In some ant species, dominance hierarchies have been used to explain species coexistence and community structure. However, it remains unclear whether or in what contexts dominance hierarchies occur in tropical ant communities. This study seeks to examine whether arboreal twig-nesting ants competing for nesting resources in a Mexican coffee agricultural ecosystem are arranged in a linear dominance hierarchy. We described the dominance relationships among 10 species of ants and measured the uncertainty and steepness of the inferred dominance hierarchy. We also assessed the orderliness of the hierarchy by considering species interactions at the network level. Based on the randomized Elo-rating method, we found that the twig-nesting ant species Myrmelachista mexicana ranked highest in the ranking, while Pseudomyrmex ejectus was ranked as the lowest in the hierarchy. Our results show that the hierarchy was intermediate in its steepness, suggesting that the probability of higher ranked species winning contests against lower ranked species was fairly high. Motif analysis and significant excess of triads further revealed that the species networks were largely transitive. This study highlights that some tropical arboreal ant communities organize into dominance hierarchies.

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Nelissen, Mark H. J. "Structure of the Dominance Hierarchy and Dominance Determining "Group Factors" in Melanochromis Auratus (Pisces, Cichlidae)." Behaviour 94, no. 1-2 (1985): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853985x00280.

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AbstractTwo questions are asked: (1) Which relation is there between the dominance hierarchy and communication? (2) Which are the dominance determining factors that are a result of group life ("group factors") and that cannot be found in pairs of animals? Melanochromis auratus, a cichlid fish from Lake Malawi, is studied under laboratory conditions as a representative model. Dominance relations in pairs of animals differ from those (between the same fishes) in groups of conspecifics. In groups M. auratus establishes and maintains a linear dominance hierarchy, of which the communicative structure is described and discussed. The number of aggressive interactions between two group members, is determined by the rank number of the actor and the reactor. Most interactions occur between rank neighbours. "Group factors" are looked for by analysing the clustering of all possible chase-interactions. Four categories of such clusterings are discussed: a preceding aggressive interaction can have an influence on high-ranked animals, the effect of such an influence is directed towards low-ranked animals. The stable hierarchy can be changed by successive circle fights. The highest-ranked group members always intervene in circle fights in order to stabilize the hierarchy, for their own benefit. This is another "group factor". An alpha animal has to spend all its energy in obtaining and maintaining its rank status. When it looses this position, it drops down the hierarchy. The benefit of the alpha place could be the reproductive succes.

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Márquez-Luna, Ubaldo, Carlos Lara, Pablo Corcuera, and Pedro Luis Valverde. "Genetic relatedness and morphology as drivers of interspecific dominance hierarchy in hummingbirds." PeerJ 10 (April 20, 2022): e13331. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13331.

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A dominance hierarchy is the set of ranks occupied by species within an assemblage. Species with a high position within the dominance hierarchy tend to dominate subordinate species in contests for access to resources. In hummingbirds, greater weight and wing disc loading have been associated with highest ranks within the dominance hierarchy. Nevertheless, the limit to which the difference between the weight of contending species represents a competitive advantage has not yet been determined. Here, we determined the dominance hierarchy of a hummingbird assemblage exploiting the most abundant floral resource (Palicourea padifolia, Rubiaceae) in a cloud forest of central Veracruz, Mexico. Specifically, we tested whether species weight and wing disc loading influence the dominance hierarchy. Additionally, we tested whether the flowers visited per foraging bout increases with species weight and dominance. We further tested whether weight, wing disc loading, and the genetic relatedness between contenders influenced the dominance relationships in species-pair interactions. Our results indicate that the hierarchy is positively influenced by weight. Hummingbirds visited similar number of flowers regardless their weight or their dominance. Nevertheless, the probability that the heaviest contender won contests was positively associated with the differences of weight and genetic relatedness between contenders. Contrarily, the probability that the contender with greatest wing disc loading won contests was positively associated with differences of weight and negatively associated with the relatedness between contenders. However, these models only explained between 22% and 34% of the variation, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the weight was the major contributor to high dominance values. However, future studies should include (1) the temporal variability of the weight and (2) experimental predictor variables such the burst power of the hummingbirds to evaluate its effects on the dynamics of dominance hierarchies in hummingbird assemblages. All the hummingbird species present in the studied assemblage have developed wide behavioral mechanisms that compensate their morphological differences, which allow them to coexist, even when they compete for the access to the same resource.

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Judge, Paramjit S. "Caste Hierarchy, Dominance, and Change in Punjab." Sociological Bulletin 64, no. 1 (January 2015): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022920150104.

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Fujii, Sota, and Seiji Takayama. "Multilayered dominance hierarchy in plant self-incompatibility." Plant Reproduction 31, no. 1 (December 16, 2017): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00497-017-0319-9.

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Baines, Holly. "Dominance and aggression in captive gidgee skinks (Egernia stokesii)." Herpetological Journal, Volume 30, Number 2 (April 1, 2019): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33256/hj30.2.8392.

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Dominance is a key component of behaviour in many animal species and is central to social system dynamics, resource acquisition, individual fitness and ultimately reproductive success. We investigated dominance interactions and social behaviours in a group of captive juvenile gidgee skinks (Egernia stokesii). We hypothesised that a dominance hierarchy existed within the group, and that aggressive behaviours would be used to secure limited resources, especially high-value resources. We also hypothesised that body weight would be positively correlated with dominance and aggressive behaviours. We filmed the lizards at 1200 hours for six days a week over the course of eight weeks. We exposed the lizards to three different diets, which consisted of an animal-based diet (crickets), plant-based diet (plants), and a non-feeding control (no food offered). The relative value of these resources to the skinks was established through preference tests. We identified a dominance hierarchy, with dominant individuals exhibiting more aggressive behaviours than subordinates. We found that the frequency of aggressive behaviours was significantly higher in trials where high-valued resources (crickets) were at stake. Furthermore, we found a significant positive correlation between body weight and dominance, bite and chase; larger individuals were ranked higher in the social hierarchy compared to smaller individuals. Our results demonstrate the importance of morphological and behavioural traits in determining a dominance hierarchy in E. stokesii and how dominance can have ecological advantages.

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Portugal, Steven J., James R. Usherwood, Craig R. White, Daniel W. E. Sankey, and Alan M. Wilson. "Artificial mass loading disrupts stable social order in pigeon dominance hierarchies." Biology Letters 16, no. 8 (August 2020): 20200468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0468.

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Dominance hierarchies confer benefits to group members by decreasing the incidences of physical conflict, but may result in certain lower ranked individuals consistently missing out on access to resources. Here, we report a linear dominance hierarchy remaining stable over time in a closed population of birds. We show that this stability can be disrupted, however, by the artificial mass loading of birds that typically comprise the bottom 50% of the hierarchy. Mass loading causes these low-ranked birds to immediately become more aggressive and rise-up the dominance hierarchy; however, this effect was only evident in males and was absent in females. Removal of the artificial mass causes the hierarchy to return to its previous structure. This interruption of a stable hierarchy implies a strong direct link between body mass and social behaviour and suggests that an individual's personality can be altered by the artificial manipulation of body mass.

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Issa, F. A., D. J. Adamson, and D. H. Edwards. "Dominance hierarchy formation in juvenile crayfish procambarus clarkii." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 24 (December 15, 1999): 3497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.24.3497.

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The formation of social dominance hierarchies was studied in groups of five juvenile crayfish, 1.3-1.8 cm in length. Animals were grouped together in a small, featureless aquarium after having lived in isolation for more than a month. The occurrence of each of four behavior patterns (‘attack’, ‘approach’, ‘retreat’ and ‘escape’) was recorded for each animal, together with the frequency of encounters and the frequency of wins and losses. The frequencies of wins and losses were used to calculate the relative dominance value of each animal in the group. High levels of fighting developed immediately upon grouping the animals, and a positive feedback relationship between attacking and winning enabled one animal in each group to emerge quickly as the superdominant. If that animal was the largest, it remained as the superdominant; otherwise, it was replaced as superdominant within the first few days by the largest animal. This form of dominance hierarchy, with one superdominant and four subordinates, persisted throughout the duration of the grouping. Fighting declined over the first hour and by 24 h had dropped to low levels. After the first day, approaches were used together with attacks, and retreats replaced escapes. Attack and approach were the behavior patterns displayed most frequently by animals with high dominance values, whereas retreat and escape were performed by animals of low dominance. All these trends continued to develop over the next 2 weeks as the number of agonistic encounters declined to a low level.

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Shimoji, Hiroyuki, Masato S. Abe, Kazuki Tsuji, and Naoki Masuda. "Global network structure of dominance hierarchy of ant workers." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 99 (October 6, 2014): 20140599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0599.

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Dominance hierarchy among animals is widespread in various species and believed to serve to regulate resource allocation within an animal group. Unlike small groups, however, detection and quantification of linear hierarchy in large groups of animals are a difficult task. Here, we analyse aggression-based dominance hierarchies formed by worker ants in Diacamma sp. as large directed networks. We show that the observed dominance networks are perfect or approximate directed acyclic graphs, which are consistent with perfect linear hierarchy. The observed networks are also sparse and random but significantly different from networks generated through thinning of the perfect linear tournament (i.e. all individuals are linearly ranked and dominance relationship exists between every pair of individuals). These results pertain to global structure of the networks, which contrasts with the previous studies inspecting frequencies of different types of triads. In addition, the distribution of the out-degree (i.e. number of workers that the focal worker attacks), not in-degree (i.e. number of workers that attack the focal worker), of each observed network is right-skewed. Those having excessively large out-degrees are located near the top, but not the top, of the hierarchy. We also discuss evolutionary implications of the discovered properties of dominance networks.

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Cronin, Adam, and Jeremy Field. "Social aggression in an age-dependent dominance hierarchy." Behaviour 144, no. 7 (2007): 753–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907781476436.

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AbstractSocial aggression arises from conflicts of interest over reproduction in animal societies. Aggression is often highly variable between individuals in a group, may be correlated with dominance, and is often integral to the establishment of dominance hierarchies that in turn determine reproductive opportunities. However, reproductive dominance is not always linked with social dominance: 'queens' are not always the most aggressive individuals in a group. Furthermore, in some animals social rank is determined without aggression, and derived through another means, such as gerontocracy. In such instances, what is the role of aggression, and what underlies the variation between individuals? Here, we investigate the relationship between inheritance rank and aggression in the hover wasp Liostenogaster flavolineata, which has an age-based inheritance queue. All females in this study were of known age and, thus, rank could be determined independently of behaviour. Observations of intra-colony aggression indicated that aggression increased with inheritance rank and occurred among non-breeding subordinates. This cannot be explained by models that do not account for aggression between non-breeders. It is likely that contests over inheritance rank and the higher future fitness anticipated by high-ranking individuals account for this pattern.

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Verbeek, Monica E. M., Piet Drent, Piet De Goede, and Piet Wiepkema. "INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND DOMINANCE IN AVIARY GROUPS OF GREAT TITS." Behaviour 136, no. 1 (1999): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853999500659.

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In previous work we have shown that juvenile male great tits Parus major show consistent behavioural differences in exploratory and aggressive behaviour. Fast and superficial explorers (FE) won from slow and thorough explorers (SE) during controlled pair-wise confrontations in small cages. The present study assesses the relationship between early exploratory behaviour and later dominance in aviary groups of juvenile male great tits; such groups might approach natural conditions better than 'simple' pair-wise confrontations. Observations of nine aviary groups showed that a stable hierarchy is only established after a first dynamic phase of several days with many dominance shifts and a peak in number of interactions. In seven other aviary groups we determined the dominance relationships between FE and SE. In a stable hierarchy, SE had on average a significantly higher dominance score than FE. This finding contrasts our previous results in pair-wise confrontations. However, on the first day in the aviary, FE had on average a higher dominance score and initiated more fights than SE. This agrees with our previous results and indicates a gradual development of the situation in the stable hierarchy. Behavioural observations indicate that during this development, FE took more risks in their fighting behaviour and had more difficulty to cope with defeat than SE. In the stable hierarchy they either won or lost from all SE. SE were more cautious and had intermediate dominance scores in the stable hierarchy. These differences in fighting behaviour and the role of individual differences in exploratory behaviour and in coping with defeat are discussed as possible causes for the unexpected results of this study.

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Glick, Peter, and Jessica Whitehead. "Hostility Toward Men and the Perceived Stability of Male Dominance." Social Psychology 41, no. 3 (January 2010): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000025.

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Two studies examined how ambivalent gender ideologies, measured by the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) and Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory (AMI), relate to the perceived legitimacy and stability of gender hierarchy. Study 1 showed simple correlations of each ASI and AMI subscale with the perceived legitimacy of gender hierarchy, but only Hostility Toward Men (HM: A traditional, but unflattering view of men as domineering) predicted the perceived stability of gender hierarchy. In Study 2, experimentally priming HM (but not other gender ideologies) increased perceptions of the stability of gender hierarchy. Although HM derides men for acting in a domineering manner, it characterizes men as designed for dominance. By reinforcing the perceived stability of gender hierarchy, HM may undermine women’s motivation to seek change.

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Evans, Theodore A., and Boris Dodji Kasseney. "The Dominance Hierarchy of Wood-Eating Termites from China." Insects 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10070210.

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Competition is a fundamental process in ecology and helps to determine dominance hierarchies. Competition and dominance hierarchies have been little investigated in wood-eating termites, despite the necessary traits of similar resources, and showing spatial and temporal overlap. Competition and dominance between five species of wood-eating termites found in Huangzhou, China, was investigated in three laboratory experiments of aggression and detection, plus a year-long field survey of termite foraging activity. Dominance depended on body size, with largest species winning overwhelmingly in paired contests with equal numbers of individuals, although the advantage was reduced in paired competitions with equal biomass. The termites could detect different species from used filter papers, as larger species searched through paper used by smaller species, and smaller species avoided papers used by larger species. The largest species maintained activity all year, but in low abundance, whereas the second largest species increased activity in summer, and the smallest species increased their activity in winter. The termite species displayed a dominance hierarchy based on fighting ability, with a temporal change in foraging to avoid larger, more dominant species. The low abundance of the largest species, here Macrotermes barneyi, may be a function of human disturbance, which allows subordinate species to increase. Thus, competitive release may explain the increase in abundance of pest species, such as Coptotermes formosanus, in highly modified areas, such as urban systems.

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Greenberg-Cohen, Dalia, Philip U. Alkon, and Yoram Yom-Tov. "A Linear Dominance Hierarchy in Female Nubian Ibex." Ethology 98, no. 3-4 (April 26, 2010): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1994.tb01072.x.

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TenHouten, Warren D. "Social dominance hierarchy and the pride–shame system." Journal of Political Power 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 94–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2158379x.2017.1285154.

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Ang, Tzo Zen, and Andrea Manica. "Aggression, segregation and stability in a dominance hierarchy." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1686 (January 6, 2010): 1337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1839.

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Paoli, T., E. Palagi, and S. M. Borgognini Tarli. "Reevaluation of dominance hierarchy in bonobos (Pan paniscus)." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 130, no. 1 (2006): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20345.

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Juárez-Juárez, Brenda, Mariana Cuautle, Citlalli Castillo-Guevara, Karla López-Vázquez, María Gómez-Ortigoza, María Gómez-Lazaga, Cecilia Díaz-Castelazo, Carlos Lara, Gibrán R. Pérez-Toledo, and Miguel Reyes. "Neither ant dominance nor abundance explain ant-plant network structure in Mexican temperate forests." PeerJ 8 (December 7, 2020): e10435. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10435.

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Background Ant-plant mutualistic networks tend to have a nested structure that contributes to their stability, but the ecological factors that give rise to this structure are not fully understood. Here, we evaluate whether ant abundance and dominance hierarchy determine the structure of the ant-plant networks in two types of vegetation: oak and grassland, in two temperate environments of Mexico: Flor del Bosque State Park (FBSP) and La Malinche National Park (MNP). We predicted that dominant and abundant ant species make up the core, and submissives, the periphery of the network. We also expected a higher specialization level in the ant trophic level than in plant trophic level due to competition among the ant species for the plant-derived resources. Methods The ant-plant interaction network was obtained from the frequency of ant-plant interactions. We calculated a dominance hierarchy index for the ants using sampling with baits and evaluated their abundance using pitfall traps. Results In MNP, the Formica spp. species complex formed the core of the network (in both the oak forest and the grassland), while in FBSP, the core species were Prenolepis imparis (oak forest) and Camponotus rubrithorax (grassland). Although these core species were dominant in their respective sites, they were not necessarily the most dominant ant species. Three of the four networks (oak forest and grassland in FBSP, and oak forest in MNP) were nested and had a higher number of plant species than ant species. Although greater specialization was observed in the ant trophic level in the two sites and vegetations, possibly due to competition with the more dominant ant species, this was not statistically significant. In three of these networks (grassland and oak forest of MNP and oak forest of FBSP), we found no correlation between the dominance hierarchy and abundance of the ant species and their position within the network. However, a positive correlation was found between the nestedness contribution value and ant dominance hierarchy in the grassland of the site FBSP, which could be due to the richer ant-plant network and higher dominance index of this community. Conclusions Our evidence suggests that ant abundance and dominance hierarchy have little influence on network structure in temperate ecosystems, probably due to the species-poor ant-plant network and a dominance hierarchy formed only by the presence of dominant and submissive species with no intermediate dominant species between them (absence of gradient in hierarchy) in these ecosystems.

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Hidayat, Ami, Rizaldi Rizaldi, and Jabang Nurdin. "Jaringan Sosial (Social Network) Antar Jantan Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) Di Gunung Meru, Padang, Sumatera Barat." Jurnal Biologi UNAND 7, no. 1 (May 12, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.7.1.14-20.2019.

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A study on social network based on grooming interactions among males of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) at Gunung Meru, Padang has been conducted from August to October 2015. The dominance relationship determined by submissive interactions among 17 adult males. Submissive interactions were recorded using ad libitum observation and grooming interactions by continuous recording method. The results showed that the dominance hierarchy among males was linear (Matman linearity index: h' = 0.97). Alfa male appeared to have the highest centrality index among all the males. This study indicates that individuals attained higher dominance hierarchy tend to have higher degree of centrality.

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Paquette, Daniel, Marie-Noëlle Gagnon, Luc Bouchard, Marc Bigras, and Barry H. Schneider. "A New Tool to Explore Children’s Social Competencies: The Preschool Competition Questionnaire." Child Development Research 2013 (March 16, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/390256.

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This paper presents the validation of Preschool Competition Questionnaire (PCQ). The PCQ was completed by the childcare teachers of 780 French-speaking children between the ages of 36 and 71 months. The results of exploratory factor analysis suggest three dimensions involving neither physical nor relational aggression: other-referenced competition, task-oriented competition, and maintenance of dominance hierarchy. The three dimensions are positively correlated with dominance ratings and are linked to social adjustment. Girls are just as competitive as boys in the dimensions of other-referenced competition and dominance hierarchy maintenance. Task-oriented competition is relatively more important in older children and girls. Classification analysis reveals that the children who obtain the highest dominance ratings are the ones who employ a variety of competition strategies.

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Lev, Omer, Reshef Meir, Svetlana Obraztsova, and Maria Polukarov. "Heuristic Voting as Ordinal Dominance Strategies." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 2077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33012077.

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Decision making under uncertainty is a key component of many AI settings, and in particular of voting scenarios where strategic agents are trying to reach a joint decision. The common approach to handle uncertainty is by maximizing expected utility, which requires a cardinal utility function as well as detailed probabilistic information. However, often such probabilities are not easy to estimate or apply.To this end, we present a framework that allows for “shades of gray” of likelihood without probabilities. Specifically, we create a hierarchy of sets of world states based on a prospective poll, with inner sets contain more likely outcomes. This hierarchy of likelihoods allows us to define what we term ordinally-dominated strategies. We use this approach to justify various known voting heuristics as bounded-rational strategies.

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Dolado, Ruth, Ignacio Cifre, and Francesc S. Beltran. "Agonistic Strategies and Spatial Distribution in Captive Sooty Mangabeys (Cercocebus Atys)." Psychological Reports 112, no. 2 (April 2013): 593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/21.pr0.112.2.593-606.

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The aim of this article is to study the relationship between the dominance hierarchy and the spatial distribution of a group of captive sooty mangabeys ( Cercocebus atys). The analysis of the spatial distribution of individuals in relation to their rank in the dominance hierarchy showed a clear linear hierarchy in which the dominant individual was located in central positions with regard to the rest of the group members. The large open enclosure where the group was living allowed them to adopt a high-risk agonistic strategy in which individuals attacked other individuals whose rank was significantly different from their own. The comparison of the results with a previous study of mangabeys showed that, although the dominance ranks of both groups were similar, the fact that they lived in facilities with different layouts caused different agonistic strategies to emerge and allowed the dominant individual to assume different spatial locations.

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Sighieri, C., D. Tedeschi, C. De Andreis, L. Petri, and P. Baragli. "Behaviour Patterns of Horses Can be Used to Establish a Dominant-Subordinate Relationship Between Man and Horse." Animal Welfare 12, no. 4 (November 2003): 705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600026415.

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AbstractThis paper describes how man can enter the social hierarchy of the horse by mimicking the behaviour and stance it uses to establish dominance. A herd is organised according to a dominance hierarchy established by means of ritualised conflict. Dominance relationships are formed through these confrontations: one horse gains the dominant role and others identify themselves as subordinates. This study was conducted using five females of the Haflinger breed, totally unaccustomed to human contact, from a free-range breeding farm. The study methods were based on the three elements fundamental to the equilibrium of the herd: flight, herd instinct and hierarchy. The trainer-horse relationship was established in three phases: retreat, approach and association. At the end of the training sessions, all of the horses were able to respond correctly to the trainer. These observations suggest that it is possible to manage unhandled horses without coercion by mimicking their behaviour patterns.

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Karunaratne, Kanishka, and Simon M. Laham. "Social Dominance Orientation Predicts Opposition to Hierarchy-Attenuating Intergroup Apologies." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, no. 12 (April 12, 2019): 1651–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219838549.

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People who value social hierarchy may resist giving intergroup apologies because such apologies may attenuate the very hierarchies that these people value. We tested this claim across four studies (total N = 541) by examining associations between social dominance orientation (SDO)—a measure of preference for social hierarchy—and support for intergroup apologies. We found that higher SDO scores, and specifically the antiegalitarianism subdimension (social dominance orientation–egalitarianism [SDO-E]), predicted less apology support among U.S. residents in both domestic (Study 1) and international (Study 2) contexts. In Study 3, we found that the effect generalizes to an Australian cultural context. In Study 4, we demonstrated that the negative effect of SDO-E can extend to third-party contexts and is only observed when apologizing would be hierarchy attenuating. These studies show that the desire to maintain social hierarchies is an important driver of opposition to hierarchy-attenuating intergroup apologies.

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Dugatkin, Lee Alan, and Aaron David Dugatkin. "Extrinsic effects, estimating opponents' RHP, and the structure of dominance hierarchies." Biology Letters 3, no. 6 (September 4, 2007): 614–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0423.

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We examined the impact of winner and loser effects on dominance hierarchy formation when individuals are capable of estimating their opponent's resource holding power (RHP). The accuracy of such estimates was a variable in our simulations, and we considered cases in which all individuals err within the same bounds, as well as cases in which some individuals consistently overestimate, while others consistently underestimate their opponent's fighting RHP. In all cases, we found a clearly defined linear hierarchy. In most simulations, the vast majority of interactions were ‘attack–retreats’, and the remainder of interactions were almost all ‘fights’. Error rates had no effect on the linearity of the hierarchy or the basic attack–retreat nature of interactions, and consistent over and underestimation did not affect the ultimate position of an individual in a hierarchy.

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Büttner, Kathrin, Irena Czycholl, Katharina Mees, and Joachim Krieter. "Agonistic Interactions in Pigs–Comparison of Dominance Indices with Parameters Derived from Social Network Analysis in Three Age Groups." Animals 9, no. 11 (November 7, 2019): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9110929.

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Dominance indices are often calculated using the number of won and lost fights of each animal focusing on dyadic interactions. Social network analysis provides new insights into the establishment of stable group structures going beyond the dyadic approach. Thus, it was investigated whether centrality parameters describing the importance of each animal for the network are able to capture the rank order calculated by dominance indices. Therefore, two dominance indices and five centrality parameters based on two network types (initiator-receiver and winner-loser networks) were calculated regarding agonistic interactions observed in three mixing events (weaned piglets, fattening pigs, gilts). Comparing the two network types, the winner-loser networks demonstrated highly positive correlation coefficients between out-degree and outgoing closeness and the dominance indices. These results were confirmed by partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), i.e., about 60% of the variance of the dominance could be explained by the centrality parameters, whereby the winner-loser networks could better illustrate the dominance hierarchy with path coefficients of about 1.1 for all age groups. Thus, centrality parameters can portray the dominance hierarchy providing more detailed insights into group structure which goes beyond the dyadic approach.

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Ungerfeld, Rodolfo. "Dominance, hierarchy, and reproduction in rams and goat bucks." Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal 45, no. 4 (2021): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21451/1809-3000.rbra2021.020.

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Lahn, Bruce T. "Social dominance hierarchy: toward a genetic and evolutionary understanding." Cell Research 30, no. 7 (June 10, 2020): 560–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0347-0.

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Kozorovitskiy, Y. "Dominance Hierarchy Influences Adult Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus." Journal of Neuroscience 24, no. 30 (July 28, 2004): 6755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0345-04.2004.

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Fujimoto, S., B. Hirata, and T. Nagayama. "Dominance hierarchy-dependent behavioural plasticity of crayfish avoidance reactions." Journal of Experimental Biology 214, no. 16 (July 27, 2011): 2718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.057752.

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BROOM, M. "A Unified Model of Dominance Hierarchy Formation and Maintenance." Journal of Theoretical Biology 219, no. 1 (November 7, 2002): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5193(02)93109-7.

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Sinclair, Elektra, and Frank Seebacher. "Does physiological capacity determine dominance in a social hierarchy?" Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 153, no. 2 (June 2009): S94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.101.

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BROOM, M., and C. CANNINGS. "Modelling Dominance Hierarchy formation as a Multi-player game." Annals of Human Genetics 63, no. 4 (July 1999): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1999.ahg634_0351_4.x.

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Valderrábano-Ibarra, Claudia, Ireri Brumon, and Hugh Drummond. "Development of a linear dominance hierarchy in nestling birds." Animal Behaviour 74, no. 6 (December 2007): 1705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.02.034.

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Fu, Xiang. "The dominance hierarchy in root systems of Coxeter groups." Journal of Algebra 366 (September 2012): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2012.05.013.

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GUST, DEBORAH A. "Moving up the dominance hierarchy in young sooty mangabeys." Animal Behaviour 50, no. 1 (July 1995): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1995.0216.

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BROOM, M. "A Unified Model of Dominance Hierarchy Formation and Maintenance." Journal of Theoretical Biology 219, no. 1 (November 2002): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2002.3109.

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BROOM, M., and C. CANNINGS. "Modelling Dominance Hierarchy formation as a Multi-player game." Journal of Theoretical Biology 219, no. 3 (December 2002): 397–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2002.3137.

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Edwards, Donald H., Fadi A. Issa, and Jens Herberholz. "The neural basis of dominance hierarchy formation in crayfish." Microscopy Research and Technique 60, no. 3 (January 21, 2003): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.10275.

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Michel, Eric S., Stephen Demarais, Bronson K. Strickland, Jerrold L. Belant, and Joshua J. Millspaugh. "Quantifying dominance of adult female white-tailed deer in the presence of abundant food." Behaviour 153, no. 1 (2016): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003323.

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Dominance is a behavioural mechanism that allows individuals to access and monopolize resources which should ultimately improve their fitness. Hierarchy strength should be strongest when resources are limited; however, this relationship is not consistent. We provided abundant food to assess whether hierarchy strength was consistent with resource abundance using 9 groups of captive female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We further assessed how body mass, age and testosterone levels were associated with rank position. Deer displayed a weak hierarchy with a mean linearity () of 0.39 (SD = 0.09) and a mean directional consistency index of 0.83 (SD = 0.06). Rank was related to body mass (, slope = 0.011), but not age or testosterone levels (). We demonstrate that hierarchy strength was weak in the presence of abundant food resources and suggest the possibility that dominance is a plastic behaviour that may vary with resource abundance.

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Crisp, Rachel J., Lauren J. N. Brent, and Gerald G. Carter. "Social dominance and cooperation in female vampire bats." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 7 (July 2021): 210266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210266.

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When group-living animals develop individualized social relationships, they often regulate cooperation and conflict through a dominance hierarchy. Female common vampire bats have been an experimental system for studying cooperative relationships, yet surprisingly little is known about female conflict. Here, we recorded the outcomes of 1023 competitive interactions over food provided ad libitum in a captive colony of 33 vampire bats (24 adult females and their young). We found a weakly linear dominance hierarchy using three common metrics (Landau's h ’ measure of linearity, triangle transitivity and directional consistency). However, patterns of female dominance were less structured than in many other group-living mammals. Female social rank was not clearly predicted by body size, age, nor reproductive status, and competitive interactions were not correlated with kinship, grooming nor food sharing. We therefore found no evidence that females groomed or shared food up a hierarchy or that differences in rank explained asymmetries in grooming or food sharing. A possible explanation for such apparently egalitarian relationships among female vampire bats is the scale of competition. Female vampire bats that are frequent roostmates might not often directly compete for food in the wild.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Dominance hierarchy'

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