Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Domínio semântico de determinação'
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Suman, Ana Lígia Criado. "Designações da palavra São Paulo: estudo semânticoenunciativo do movimento histórico de 1932." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5772.
Full textThis paper aims to develop a semantic enunciative study considering the route of meanings constructed by the determinations of the word São Paulo into the enunciative space in that it considering the language events produced by the press, during the Constitutionalist Movement of 1932. This paper is guided by the Semantics of the Events proposed and developed by Eduardo Guimarães (1989, 1999, 2002, 2002a, 2003, 2004, 2004a, 2004b, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009), wich is a semantic study based on the historicity of language, dismissing the subject from a central position to understand it as someone who is constituted by language and through language.Through its operating mechanisms, the semantics approach presented by Guimarães establishes a relationship with the Discourse Analysis and, in general, with the theories of the subject, joining it then with the French School of Discourse Analysis and with the Argumentative Semantics according to Ducrot perspectives. It is being done a study of the Semantic Domains of Determination of the word São Paulo , considering the way it is denominated by the newspapers "Folha da Manhã" and "Folha da Noite", during the the month of July 1932, when the armed movement was hatched in Brazil. In this sense, the aim is to capture the enunciative events from the statements and analyze them in order to identify , in fact, what has contributed to the significance of the concept of paulistanidade , and the senses that represents São Paulo today.
O presente trabalho objetiva desenvolver um estudo semântico enunciativo considerando o percurso de sentidos construído pelas determinações da palavra São Paulo no espaço enunciativo em que se tomam os acontecimentos de linguagem produzidos pela imprensa, durante o Movimento Constitucionalista de 1932. Colocam-se como princípio norteador os elementos teóricos e epistemológicos da Semântica do Acontecimento proposta e desenvolvida por Eduardo Guimarães (1989, 1999, 2002, 2002a, 2003, 2004, 2004a, 2004b, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009), uma Semântica fundamentada na historicidade da língua, destituindo o sujeito de uma posição central para compreendê-lo enquanto constituído na e pela linguagem. Por meio de seus mecanismos de funcionamento, a abordagem semântica apresentada por Guimarães estabelece uma relação com a Análise do Discurso, de modo específico, e, em geral, com as teorias do sujeito, filiando-se assim à escola francesa de Análise do Discurso e à Semântica Argumentativa em moldes ducrotianos. Abordando esse acontecimento histórico, que se configura em caráter político e social, enquanto um acontecimento na esfera enunciativa, realiza-se um estudo dos DSDs (Domínios Semânticos de Determinação) da palavra São Paulo a partir da forma como a mesma designa nos textos apresentados pelos jornais "Folha da Manhã" e "Folha da Noite", durante o mês de julho de 1932, momento de eclosão do movimento armado. Nesse sentido, objetiva-se apreender pelos acontecimentos enunciativos dos enunciados a serem analisados, o que, de fato, contribuiu para a significação do conceito de paulistanidade, constituindo assim os sentidos que representam São Paulo na atualidade.
Batista, Wagner Roberto [UNESP]. "Emprego da reflectometria por domínio do tempo na determinação da umidade de madeiras comerciais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101762.
Full textOutros
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o emprego da reflectometria no domínio do tempo, conhecida também, como TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) na obtenção da umidade em madeiras. Atualmente esta técnica é muito empregada na física dos solos e sistemas de irrigação, para o monitoramento do teor de água no solo. Para este estudo, empregou-se duas espécies de madeiras comerciais, o Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis e a Grevillea robusta (Cunn.), procedentes dos municípios de Cabrália Paulista-SP e Duartina-SP. Para cada espécie, foram escolhidas de forma aleatória 11 árvores onde estas foram abatidas, serradas em toras de 3,0m e encaminhadas para serraria onde foi realizado o processo de desdobramento em tábuas pelo sistema de corte tangencial. As tábuas apresentaram espessura de 28mm e largura de 24cm. Em seguida, escolheu-se novamente de forma aleatória 11 tábuas, que foram embaladas em plástico para evitar a perda de água, e encaminhadas para o laboratório. Uma vez obtidas as amostras representativas para avaliação, estas foram inicialmente pesadas e secas em estufa elétrica a 40 oC de temperatura. Para o Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, o processo de secagem iniciou-se com umidade média de 101,45% e finalizou, à 7,36% de umidade. Já para a Grevillea robusta (Cunn.), a umidade média inicial foi de 125,88% e final de 6,62%. Durante o processo de secagem, a umidade foi determinada, periodicamente, através do método de massas correntes, bem como, a respectiva constante dielétrica relativa pela TDR. Para o estudo da viabilização da TDR na determinação...
The main objective of this present work was to evaluate the applied of the reflectometry in the domain of time, technique known as TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) to obtention of moisture in woods. Nowadays, this technique is very used in soil physics and irrigation system, to the monitoring of moisture in the soil. To this study, two species of commercial woods were used, the Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and the Grevillea robusta (Cunn.), these woods come from the municipal district of Cabrália Paulista-SP and Duartina-SP. To each specie, were chosen in a casual way, 11 trees. They were dejected, planked in logs of 3,0m and referred to the sawmill, the place where was realized the process of unfolding the wood in boards by the system of tangential section. The boards brung up the ply of 28mm and the width of 24cm. Next, were chosen again, in a casual way, 11 planks that were unrolled in plastic just to avoid the waterless, and referred to the lab. When were obtained the appropriate samples to the evaluation, they were, in an initial instant, measure out and dry in an electric greenhouse of a temperature of 40 oC. To Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, the dry process started with a media moisture of 101,45% and finished with 7,36% of moisture. To the other specie, the Grevillea robusta (Cunn.), the initial media moisture found was 125,88% and the final was 6,62%. During the whole dry process, the moisture was determinated, periodically, throw the masses current, as like the relative dielectric constant by the TDR. To the study of the feasibility of TDR in the determination of moisture in woods, was chosen to establish 3 distances among the sensor’s stick: 10mm, 20mm and 30mm (these distances were applied in commercial resistive gauges too). In the same way, it was established the variations in the velocity of propagation of electromagnetic pulses send out from TDR equipment... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Batista, Wagner Roberto 1975. "Emprego da reflectometria por domínio do tempo na determinação da umidade de madeiras comerciais /." Botucatu : [s.d.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101762.
Full textAbstract: The main objective of this present work was to evaluate the applied of the reflectometry in the domain of time, technique known as TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) to obtention of moisture in woods. Nowadays, this technique is very used in soil physics and irrigation system, to the monitoring of moisture in the soil. To this study, two species of commercial woods were used, the Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and the Grevillea robusta (Cunn.), these woods come from the municipal district of Cabrália Paulista-SP and Duartina-SP. To each specie, were chosen in a casual way, 11 trees. They were dejected, planked in logs of 3,0m and referred to the sawmill, the place where was realized the process of unfolding the wood in boards by the system of tangential section. The boards brung up the ply of 28mm and the width of 24cm. Next, were chosen again, in a casual way, 11 planks that were unrolled in plastic just to avoid the waterless, and referred to the lab. When were obtained the appropriate samples to the evaluation, they were, in an initial instant, measure out and dry in an electric greenhouse of a temperature of 40 oC. To Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, the dry process started with a media moisture of 101,45% and finished with 7,36% of moisture. To the other specie, the Grevillea robusta (Cunn.), the initial media moisture found was 125,88% and the final was 6,62%. During the whole dry process, the moisture was determinated, periodically, throw the masses current, as like the relative dielectric constant by the TDR. To the study of the feasibility of TDR in the determination of moisture in woods, was chosen to establish 3 distances among the sensor's stick: 10mm, 20mm and 30mm (these distances were applied in commercial resistive gauges too). In the same way, it was established the variations in the velocity of propagation of electromagnetic pulses send out from TDR equipment... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: João Eduardo Guarnetti dos Santos
Coorientador: Antonio Evaldo Klar
Coorientador: Elias Taylor Durgante Severo
Banca: Marcos Antonio de Rezende
Banca: Momotaro Imaizumi
Banca: José Fernandes Presenço
Banca: Eik Teório
Doutor
Madeira, Paulo Vinicius da Mata 1989. "Determinação da estrutura tridimensional do domínio catalítico do fator de virulência PlpD de Pseudomonas aeruginosa." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316461.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, doenças infecciosas são a segunda principal causa de morte no mundo. Essas doenças são causadas por organismos patogênicos que podem compartilhar certas similaridades em seu modo de infecção. Bactérias patogênicas são responsáveis por diversas doenças de acometimento humano, sua patogenicidade, na maioria das vezes, apresenta-se associada a secreção de fatores de virulência que são responsáveis pela adesão, invasão e por danos ás células e tecidos do hospedeiro. P. aeruginosa é um patógeno oportunista, multiresistente a antibióticos e é a bactéria Gram negativa principal causadora de infecções hospitalares, podendo levar à óbito por pneumonia e sepse pacientes imunocomprometidos, principalmente pacientes com fibrose cística, AIDS e vítimas de queimadura. A proteína ExoU de P. aeruginosa é um fator de virulência, altamente citotóxico, secretado pela bactéria que apresenta atividade fosfolipase A, degradando a membrana celular e levando a rápida morte celular. ExoU é pertencente a família das proteínas tipo patatina, essas proteínas apresentam regiões homólogas a fosfolipase A2 citosólica humana e regiões homólogas a proteínas patatinas. A proteína PlpD encontrada em linhagens que não codificam ExoU, a saber: PA01 e PA14 de P. aeruginosa apresentam todas as regiões conservadas, classificando-a como uma proteína bacteriana do tipo patatina, assim como a ExoU. Além disso foi mostrado que seu domínio catalítico é secretado pela bactéria e apresenta atividade de lipase, importante para o processo infectivo do patógeno. Como P. aeruginosa, assim como outros patógenos, se tornaram multiresistentes a antibióticos, a busca por novos alvos terapêuticos vem sendo incentivada. A compreensão estrutural dos componentes envolvidos no processo infectivo é essencial para o desenvolvimento de novos agentes terapêuticos. Nesse trabalho a estrutura da porção secretada da proteína PlpD, com atividade catalítica, foi resolvida à uma resolção de 2.14 Angstroms. A análise da proteína mostrou diferenças interessantes entre sua estrutura e de seu homólogo ExoU, fornecendo pistas para a caracterização de seu mecanismo de ação à nível estrutural. Essa tese foi desenvolvida em colaboração com o grupo do Laboratório de Engenharia de Sistemas Macromoleculares de Marselha, França sob coordenação da Drª Sophie Bleves
Abstract: According to the World Health Organization, infectious diseases are the second leading cause of deaths worldwide . These diseases are caused by pathogenic organisms that may share certain similarities in their mode of infection. Pathogenic bacteria are responsible for many human diseases, their pathogenicity, most often appears associated with the secretion of virulence factors that are responsible for adhesion, invasion and damage to the cells and tissues of the host. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, multidrug-resistant and the main Gram negative cause of nosocomial infections, this pathogen may lead to death due to pneumonia and septcemia immunocompromised patients, especially patients with cystic fibrosis, AIDS and burn victims. The ExoU protein of P. aeruginosa is a highly cytotoxic virulence factor secreted by the bacterium which has phospholipase A activity by degrading the cell membrane and leading to rapid cell death. ExoU belongs to patatin-like protein family, these proteins have regions homologous to human cytosolic phospholipase A2 and regions homologous to patatins. The PlpD protein is found in strains that do not encode ExoU, namely P. aeruginosa PA01 and PA14. This protein shows all conserved regions of patatin-like proteins, classifying it as a bacterial patatin-like protein, as well as the ExoU. Furthermore it was shown that its catalytic domain is secreted by the bacterium and shows lipase activity, important for the infection process. As P. aeruginosa, as well as other pathogens have become multidrug resistant, the search for new therapeutic targets is being encouraged. The understanding of the structural components involved in the infective process is essential for the development of new therapeutic agents. In this work the structure of the secreted portion of PlpD protein which has catalytic activity was resolved at 2.14 angstroms resolution. The protein analysis showed interesting differences between its structure and its homologous ExoU, providing evidences to the characterization of its mechanism of action at a structural level. This thesis was developed in collaboration with the Macromolecular Engineering Systems Laboratory group in Marseille, France under the coordination of Dr Sophie Bleves
Mestrado
Genetica de Microorganismos
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
Caritá, Renato Aparecido Corrêa [UNESP]. "Efeito do nível do treinamento aeróbio na determinação do limite superior do domínio pesado no ciclismo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100422.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O principal objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e comparar as respostas metabólicas e cardiorrespiratórias durante o exercício realizado na MLSS e PC em indivíduos com diferentes níveis de treinamento aeróbio no ciclismo. Participaram do estudo 7 ciclistas (C) bem treinados, especializados em provas de estrada e 9 sujeitos não treinados (NT), sem experiência prévia de treinamento no ciclismo. Os voluntários realizaram em dias diferentes os seguintes testes, em um cicloergômetro: 1) teste incremental até a exaustão para a determinação do limiar anaeróbio (Lan), consumo máximo de oxigênio ( O2max) e da intensidade correspondente ao O2max (I O2max); 2) 2 a 4 testes de carga constante de 30 minutos em diferentes intensidades para a determinação da máxima fase estável de lactato sanguíneo (MLSS); 3) 3 testes de carga constante a 95, 100 e 110% I O2max até a exaustão voluntária para a determinação da potência crítica (PC), e; 4) um teste de carga constante até a exaustão na PC. A MLSS foi considerada como a maior intensidade de exercício onde a concentração de lactato não aumentou mais do que 1 mM entre o 10o e o 30o minuto de exercício. Os valores individuais de potência (95, 100 e 110% I O2max) e seu respectivo tempo máximo de exercício (tlim) foram ajustados a partir do modelo hiperbólico de 2 parâmetros para determinação da PC. A PC para ambos os grupos C (318 ± 29W) e NT (200 ± 33W) foi maior significantemente do que a MLSS para os C (288 ± 35W) e NT (169 ± 34W). A MLSS e a PC foram significantemente maiores no grupo C. Em valores relativos ao O2max a MLSS foi maior no grupo C (83 ± 7%) do que no grupo NT (79 ± 6), porém a PC foi similar entre os grupos (91 ± 5% e 90 ± 5%, respectivamente). Da mesma forma, o consumo de oxigênio na PC ( O2PC) foi significantemente maior do que na MLSS ( O2MLSS) nos grupos NT...
The objective of this study was to analyze and to compare metabolic and cardiorrespiratory responses durin the exercise performed at MLSS and CP in subjects with different aerobic trainning levels in cycling. Participated of this study, 7 well trained cyclists (C), specialized in road events and 9 non-trained subjects (NT), without previous training experience in cycling. Ths subjects performed the following protocols in different days in cyclergometer: 1) incremental test until exhaustion to determine anaerobic threshold (AT), maximal oxygen uptake ( O2max) and the intensity at O2max (I O2max); 2) 2 to 4 constant workload tests in different intensities to determine maximal lactate steadystate (MLSS); 3) 3 constant workload tests at 95, 100 e 110% I O2max until exhaustion to determine critical power (CP), and; 4) constant workload test until exhaustion at CP. MLSS was considered the highest exercise intensity at which the blood lactate concentration did not increase for more than 1 mM between 10th and 30th minute of the exercise. The individual values of power (95, 100 e 110% I O2max) and the respective times (tlim) were adjusted using the hyperbolic model with parameteres to determine CP. CP for C (318 ± 29W) and NT (200 ± 33W) was significantly higher than MLSS in C (288 ± 35W) and NT (169 ± 34W). MLSS and PC were significantly higher in C group. In values relative to O2max, the MLSS was significantly higher in C (83 ± 7%) than NT (79 ± 6), however CP was similar between groups (91 ± 5% and 90 ± 5%, respectively). In the same way, the oxygen uptake at CP ( O2PC) was significantly higher than at MLSS ( O2MLSS) for NT (2627 + 519 e 2323 ± 460 mL.min-1, 11%) e C (3607 ± 505 e 3953 ± 466 mL.min-1, 8%). The slow component at CP in C (375 ± 164 ml.min-1) was similar to NT (412 ± 175 ml.min-1). At this condition, the O2max was not attained (C – 93 ± 5%; NT – 96 ± 7%)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Caritá, Renato Aparecido Corrêa. "Efeito do nível do treinamento aeróbio na determinação do limite superior do domínio pesado no ciclismo /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100422.
Full textBanca: Fabrizio Caputo
Banca: Dalton Muller Pessoa Filho
Resumo: O principal objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e comparar as respostas metabólicas e cardiorrespiratórias durante o exercício realizado na MLSS e PC em indivíduos com diferentes níveis de treinamento aeróbio no ciclismo. Participaram do estudo 7 ciclistas (C) bem treinados, especializados em provas de estrada e 9 sujeitos não treinados (NT), sem experiência prévia de treinamento no ciclismo. Os voluntários realizaram em dias diferentes os seguintes testes, em um cicloergômetro: 1) teste incremental até a exaustão para a determinação do limiar anaeróbio (Lan), consumo máximo de oxigênio ( O2max) e da intensidade correspondente ao O2max (I O2max); 2) 2 a 4 testes de carga constante de 30 minutos em diferentes intensidades para a determinação da máxima fase estável de lactato sanguíneo (MLSS); 3) 3 testes de carga constante a 95, 100 e 110% I O2max até a exaustão voluntária para a determinação da potência crítica (PC), e; 4) um teste de carga constante até a exaustão na PC. A MLSS foi considerada como a maior intensidade de exercício onde a concentração de lactato não aumentou mais do que 1 mM entre o 10o e o 30o minuto de exercício. Os valores individuais de potência (95, 100 e 110% I O2max) e seu respectivo tempo máximo de exercício (tlim) foram ajustados a partir do modelo hiperbólico de 2 parâmetros para determinação da PC. A PC para ambos os grupos C (318 ± 29W) e NT (200 ± 33W) foi maior significantemente do que a MLSS para os C (288 ± 35W) e NT (169 ± 34W). A MLSS e a PC foram significantemente maiores no grupo C. Em valores relativos ao O2max a MLSS foi maior no grupo C (83 ± 7%) do que no grupo NT (79 ± 6), porém a PC foi similar entre os grupos (91 ± 5% e 90 ± 5%, respectivamente). Da mesma forma, o consumo de oxigênio na PC ( O2PC) foi significantemente maior do que na MLSS ( O2MLSS) nos grupos NT... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze and to compare metabolic and cardiorrespiratory responses durin the exercise performed at MLSS and CP in subjects with different aerobic trainning levels in cycling. Participated of this study, 7 well trained cyclists (C), specialized in road events and 9 non-trained subjects (NT), without previous training experience in cycling. Ths subjects performed the following protocols in different days in cyclergometer: 1) incremental test until exhaustion to determine anaerobic threshold (AT), maximal oxygen uptake ( O2max) and the intensity at O2max (I O2max); 2) 2 to 4 constant workload tests in different intensities to determine maximal lactate steadystate (MLSS); 3) 3 constant workload tests at 95, 100 e 110% I O2max until exhaustion to determine critical power (CP), and; 4) constant workload test until exhaustion at CP. MLSS was considered the highest exercise intensity at which the blood lactate concentration did not increase for more than 1 mM between 10th and 30th minute of the exercise. The individual values of power (95, 100 e 110% I O2max) and the respective times (tlim) were adjusted using the hyperbolic model with parameteres to determine CP. CP for C (318 ± 29W) and NT (200 ± 33W) was significantly higher than MLSS in C (288 ± 35W) and NT (169 ± 34W). MLSS and PC were significantly higher in C group. In values relative to O2max, the MLSS was significantly higher in C (83 ± 7%) than NT (79 ± 6), however CP was similar between groups (91 ± 5% and 90 ± 5%, respectively). In the same way, the oxygen uptake at CP ( O2PC) was significantly higher than at MLSS ( O2MLSS) for NT (2627 + 519 e 2323 ± 460 mL.min-1, 11%) e C (3607 ± 505 e 3953 ± 466 mL.min-1, 8%). The slow component at CP in C (375 ± 164 ml.min-1) was similar to NT (412 ± 175 ml.min-1). At this condition, the O2max was not attained (C - 93 ± 5%; NT - 96 ± 7%)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Parigi, Aline da Rosa. "Solução LTSN Nodal: usando uma nova metodologia para a determinação da fuga transversal em domínio retangular." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179396.
Full textIn the literature, a great variety of solutions are found to the neutron nodal SN equation in rectangular domain, whose main idea consists of the transverse integration of the SN equation. This procedure results in coupled one-dimensional SN equations, by additional unknown functions, that is, the angular ow at the border. In order to solve these problems using the classical methods to the SN problem in a sheet, we must presupose the output angular ow at the border. In the literature, usually, the output angular ow is considered as a constant or exponential decreasing function. At this point, it is important to point out that the solutions found with this method present some inconsistent physical results for the angular ow at the border (negative ows), but not for the scalar ow. To overcome this disadvantage and also to facilitate the application of the boundary conditions, a new approach is proposed in this work. The problem in the rectangle is swept by a nite discrete set of characteristic lines, so that in each line of the sweep will be considered the one-dimensional neutrons problem. So, by applying the LTSN method, combined with the DNI technique in order to interpolate the directions of the two-dimensional problem by means of one-dimensional directions, it is possible now to obtain the angular ow in the border with the one-dimensional LTSN solution on the desired points. Numerical simulations and comparisons with the results found in literature are presented.
Guimarães, Gilmar. "Estimação de parâmetros no domínio da frequência para a determinação simultânea da condutividade e difusividade térmica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1993. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/112321.
Full textTHERON, Maria João de Resende. "Determinação da actividade de efluxo de Hoechst 33258 em Escherichia coli." Master's thesis, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/66373.
Full textFor the detection of efflux activity in bacteria it is commonly used fluorescent molecules, which are efflux pump substrates and whose intracellular concentration can be easily detected by fluorescence. Ethidium bromide is the fluorophore and the substrate of choice for the characterization of efflux activity and was the basis for the development and optimization of the semiautomated fluorometric method at the Unit of Medical Microbiology, IHMT/NOVA, for use within the fluorimeter and real-time thermocycler Rotor-Gene 3000. In this work, we adapted the semiautomated fluorometric method in a 96-well plate format for the testing of the fluorophore Hoechst 33258, a less toxic compound than ethidium bromide, to study its possible applicability for the characterization of efflux activity in bacteria. We used two reference strains of E. coli that differ from each other in the activity of its main efflux system, the AcrAB-TolC efflux system: the AG100 strain, with a functional AcrAB-TolC efflux system and the AG100A strain with an inactive AcrAB-TolC efflux system. Simultaneously, it was evaluated the synergistic effect of efflux inhibitors in the resistance to antibiotics, biocides and dyes in these two strains. The results obtained demonstrate that (i) the Hoechst 33258 is a substrate of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump; (ii) thioridazine and chlorpromazine can enhance the accumulation of Hoechst 33258 at levels similar to the cells whose efflux activity was inactivated; (iii) it is possible to differentiate E. coli strains with different levels of accumulation of Hoechst 33258, in particular, the strain AG100 with the AcrAB-TolC efflux system active and functional and the AG100A isogenic strain, with the AcrABTolC efflux system efflux inactivated; (iv) the Hoechst 33258 can be used to evaluate the efflux activity in E. coli; (v) the Hoechst 33258 can be considered an alternative to ethidium bromide; and (vi) the semiautomated fluorometric method in a 96-well plate format using the Synergy HT can be used to detect the transport of Hoechst 33258 in E. coli. The application of the method to new fluorescent molecules will allow to increase the knowledge about the activity of efflux systems as well as identify new substrates and inhibitors in a variety of bacterial species.
Costa, Bruna Freire Domingues da. "Reflectometria no domínio do tempo (TDR) para determinação do conteúdo de água em solos tropicais do Distrito Federal." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/24655.
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O Brasil é um país privilegiado em relação aos recursos hídricos, porém esses não são distribuídos homogeneamente, pois a maior parte da água se encontra em região com menor densidade populacional. Assim, a racionalização do uso da água e a sustentabilidade dos recursos depende do manejo adequado e uso eficiente da água na agricultura que é a principal usuária desse recurso. O monitoramento do conteúdo de água do solo é de fundamental importância para a agricultura, sobretudo na determinação de sua variação e na otimização do manejo de irrigação. A técnica de Reflectometria no Domínio do Tempo (TDR) é uma importante ferramenta para determinação do conteúdo de água no solo. A propriedade com maior influência sobre a permissividade dielétrica do meio é o conteúdo de água no solo, sendo também influenciada pela mineralogia do solo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer equações de calibração entre o conteúdo de água no solo (θ) e a permissividade dielétrica relativa (εr) para Latossolo Vermelho, Latossolo Amarelo, Neossolo, Gleissolo e Organossolo e compará-los com o modelo universal proposto na literatura (Topp et al., 1980), tendo como método padrão de determinação do conteúdo de água no solo, o termogravimétrico. Avaliou-se ainda a possível interferência e efeitos dos óxidos de ferro e de alumínio na calibração do TDR com a determinação da permeabilidade magnética. Foram ajustados modelos polinomiais cúbicos, logarítmicos e de raiz quadrada, para cada classe de solo e para todo o conjunto, entre o conteúdo de água no solo (variável dependente) e a permissividade dielétrica (variável independente). A precisão e a acurácia dos modelos foram avaliadas, pelo coeficiente de determinação (R²), pela raiz quadrada do erro médio (RMSE) e pela a linha 1:1. O modelo proposto por Topp foi o que se mostrou menos adequado para estimar o conteúdo de água das classes de solos estudadas. Os dados do Latossolo Vermelho e do Gleissolo foram melhor ajustados pela equação do modelo logarítmico, com menor RMSE e maior R². Já o Latossolo Amarelo, o Neossolo, o Organossolo e o conjunto de todos os solos foram melhor representados pelo modelo polinomial cúbico, o que o torna o melhor modelo ajustado para esses solos. Considerando apenas os solos minerais, ou seja, excluindo o Organossolo dos modelos, obtém-se uma equação geral ainda melhor em todos os modelos, especificamente, o polinomial cúbico. Os valores de permeabilidade magnética encontrado nos solos foram baixos, o que se justifica uma vez que não foram constatados pela difração de raio-X minerais ferrimagnéticos. Assim, a presença dos óxidos, principalmente a hematita e a goethita, com relação a permeabilidade magnética, não influenciaram os modelos para ajuste de conteúdo de água nos solos estudados.
Brazil is a privileged country regarding water resources. However, these are heterogeneously distributed, since most of the water is located in lower population density areas. Since agriculture is a major user of water, the proper management and efficient use of this resource is dependent of the water rationalization and resources sustainability. Monitoring soil water content is crucial for farming practices, particularly for measuring its variation and optimizing irrigation management. The TDR technique is an important method to determine soil water content, which is the property that have more effect on the dielectric permittivity of the soil (this constant can also be influenced by the soil mineralogy). The aim of this study was to establish calibration equations between soil water content and dielectric permittivity for Aeric Endoaquent, Typic Ustorthent, Typic Haplosaprist, Anionic Acrustox, Rhodic Haplustox and to compare them with the universal model proposed in the literature (Topp et al.,1980), using the standard thermogravimetric model of soil water content measurement as a reference. The possible interference and effects of iron and aluminum oxides in the TDR calibration with determination of magnetic permeability was also investigated. For each soil class and for the whole experimental set, cubic polynomial, logarithmic and square root models were adjusted between soil water content (dependent variable) and dielectric permittivity (independent variable). The precision and the accuracy of the models were assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2), the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and the 1:1 line. The model proposed by Topp et al. was the least adequate to estimate the water content of the soil classes studied. Rhodic Haplustox and Aeric Endoaquent data were better adjusted by the logarithmic model equation, with low RMSE and high R2. The Anionic Acrustox, the Typic Ustorthent, the Typic Haplosaprist and the set of all the soils were better represented by the cubic polynomial model, which makes it the best adjusted model for these soils. Considering only the mineral soils, that is, excluding the Typic Haplosaprist from the models, an overall best fit equation is obtained, in the form of a cubic polynomial. The values of magnetic permeability found in the soils were low, as no ferrimagnetic mineral was detected by X-ray diffraction. Thus, the presence of oxides, mainly hematite and goethite, according to the magnetic permeability were not significant in these models to adjust water content in the studied soils.
Amorim, Pedro Rocha. "A Teoria do Domínio do Fato como modelo de determinação da autoria: concreção do Princípio da Isonomia na Codelinquência." reponame:Repositório Institucional do UniCEUB, 2015. http://repositorio.uniceub.br/handle/235/12064.
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Para além da Constituição Penal, há postulados constitucionais que são influentes em matéria penal. O princípio da isonomia, com fundamento aristotélico em um sistema de igualação e desigualação, encerra hipótese de princípio pertinente ao direito penal e, como tal, dever reger a codelinquência. Ante esse superior mandamento normativo igualitário, todo sistema e toda teoria referentes ao fenômeno jurídico do concurso de pessoas concertadas para a realização do fato punível deve tender à diferenciação, à dissemelhança entre os seus intervenientes. Constata-se, portanto, que um sistema unitário de autoria é anti-igualitário, pelo que o sistema diferenciador, de participação, fulcrado na acessoriedade, apresenta modelo mais consentâneo com a isonomia. As teorias diferenciadoras restritivas, objetivo-formal e objetivo-materiais, conquanto tenham prestado relevantes contributos ao instituto da codelinquência, não estão aptas a cumprir as exigências de um direito penal da igualdade, isso porque, utilizando-se de critério único, vinculado ao tipo, a primeira, e vinculado à causação, a segunda, valem-se apenas de aspecto parcial de um todo, desconsiderando que a autoria é determinada não somente por fatores objetivos formais ou materiais. Em sentido oposto, as teorias subjetivas, de natureza extensiva, ao ressaltarem elementos de desequiparação unicamente anímicos, não olham a que os critérios objetivos, concretamente compreensíveis, são exigências de um princípio igualitário. Nesse quadro, imiscuída em um sistema de participação acessorista, com natureza restritiva, a teoria do domínio do fato, como conceito aberto, apresenta modelo de determinação da autoria que maneja um plexo de elementos ecléticos, mistos, de natureza variada, parciais, abertos e valorativos a se permitir uma mais precisa categorização igualadora e desigualadora dos intervenientes, uma concreção do princípio da isonomia na codelinquência
CRUZ, Cláudia Sofia Brás. "Determinação da prevalência da infeção por Leishmania infantum em gatos errantes da região de Faro." Master's thesis, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/45864.
Full textLeishmaniasis caused by the parasite Leishmania infantum is a zoonotic disease of great importance to the human and animal population due to its high morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. Although the dog is the main host and reservoir of the parasite, the role of domestic cat in the epidemiology of the disease has been argued. The present dissertation is based on an epidemiological survey of Leishmania infantum infection in stray cats in the Faro district. The total sample consisted of 75 cats. Five diagnostic methods, three serological (IFAT, CIE and ELISA) and two molecular (PCR and “Nested”-PCR) were used. As the animals whose samples were positive for at least one of the techniques used in the study were considered as exposed to or infected by the parasite, the prevalence of Leishmania infection obtained in this study was 29.3% (22/75). This study reinforces the need of both owners and veterinarians to be aware of the risk of infection by this parasite in the feline population, and to the need to implement prophylactic measures to protect animals and people.
Antunes, Miguel Ângelo Correia. "Determinação de parâmetros ótimos de materiais de proteção em capacetes para minimizar critérios de lesão." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/27823.
Full textA Limiting Performance Analysis de um capacete de proteção para motociclistas foi realizada, com o objetivo de determinar a força de controlo ótima exercida pelo material do forro interno deste equipamento sobre a cabeça do utilizador, em caso de impacto contra uma superfície rígida, com a finalidade de reduzir a severidade e probabilidade de ocorrência de lesão. Nesta análise, dois problemas de otimização foram abordados, o primeiro onde a energia total transmitida ao cérebro mediante impacto deve ser reduzida e o segundo em que o valor do Head Injury Criterion deve ser reduzido, ambos os problemas sujeitos a restrições associadas a outros critérios de lesão e desempenho. O modelo utilizado para simular o comportamento da cabeça é o Translational Head Injury Model, o qual é um modelo de parâmetros discretos. O impacto é realizado na direção Anterior-Posterior. A força de controlo ótima exercida na cabeça foi determinada para condições de impacto especificas. As soluções para o primeiro problema de otimização não cumpriram as restrições definidas. O segundo problema de otimização foi resolvido com sucesso, com os melhores resultados para uma espessura de forro interno de 30 mm.
The Limiting Performance Analysis of a protection helmet for motorcyclist was performed, with the aim of establishing the optimum control force exerted by the material of the inner liner of this equipment on the user’s head, in the event of impact against a rigid surface, with the purpose of reducing injury severity and occurrence probability. In this analysis, two optimization problems are addressed, the first where the total energy imparted to the brain upon impact must be minimized and the second where the value of the Head Injury Criterion must be minimized, both problems bound to restrictions associated with other injury and performance criteria. The model used to simulate the behaviour of the head is the Translational Head Injury Model, which is a lumped parameter model. The impact is performed in the Anterior-Posterior direction. The optimum control force exerted on the head was established for specific impact conditions. The solutions to the for the first optimization problem didn’t meet the restrictions defined. The second optimization problem was solved with success, with the best results por an inner liner thickness of 30 mm.
Fonseca, Beatriz Marques da. "Determinação de marcadores de exposição ao tabaco em amostras de fluido oral de indivíduos não fumadores." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/3869.
Full textExposure to tobacco smoke is a serious public health problem, since the passive smokers are exposed to more than four thousand toxic substances, including dozens of carcinogens and nicotine, the main agent responsible for the development of tobacco dependence. This naturally occurring alkaloid derives from tobacco leaves and is rapidly and extensively metabolized in the liver to form a wide variety of metabolites. Chronic exposure to nicotine, the most abused drug on the planet, is responsible for the appearance of health problems like cancer, respiratory and neurological diseases, etc. As a public health problem, it is a priority to know the real prevalence of exposed individuals. Thus the main objective of this study was the determination of nicotine and its major metabolites, cotinine and trans-3-hydroxycotinine, in oral fluid samples by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, in order to assess the exposure of non-smoking individuals to those substances. The proposed methodology was validated according to internationally accepted criteria for bioanalytical method validation, namely those from the Food and Drug Administration. Using a sample amount as low as 200 µL, the method proved to be linear from 0.5 to 1000 ng/mL, precise and accurate. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.5 ng/mL and the extraction efficiencies were higher than 85% for all studied compounds. As regards the obtained results, we can say that gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry is a powerful and indispensable tool that provides high sensitivity for the simultaneous measurement of biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke in small volumes of oral fluid.
Valentim, Helena Topa. "Um estudo semântico-enunciativo de predicados subjectivos do português." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/17124.
Full textDallemole, Jussara Maria Pettenon. "Estudo contrastivo semântico-lexical dos falares de Cuiabá e da Covilhã." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/4190.
Full textThe present investigation search describes the lexicon and to identify variations occurred in the Portuguese Language, due to the factors extra linguistic gender, of age groups, education level and naturalness, besides local particularities that influence in the constant variation of the regional speak. It considers that the language is a social communication instrument and, for being intimately linked to the culture of a people, reflects the diversity and the variability of this same people. In attention the referred weightings, in general this study craves integrate to the contributions set already compiled by Geolinguistic and Sociolinguistic, specifically, to those addressed to the lexicon study, having in mind that study the variation linguistics concerns in the main form of exposing the language main characteristics and transformations in time and in the space. Thus the main objective consists in the accomplishment of a descriptive and contrastive study in the semantic-lexical aspect, come in two speak of distinct regions: cuiabano, in Brazil and covilhanense in Portugal. Of specific form, the first stage happens in the register of inherent aspects to the referred dialects, with the table and cartographic exhibition of the variants obtained in loco by means of a Semantic Lexical Questionnaire (QSL) for in a second stage descant analytically about the referred expressions. The contrastive analysis allowed to identify lexical particularities local and to infer that 43% of the variants are coincident and 57% are divergent among linguistics points studied, independent of proposed concept. How much the main contributions sociolinguistics, in your essence, indicate a conservative character for the larger employability variants and a linguistic system stable in the speech communities referred.
Silva, Carla Sofia Duarte Matos. "Processamento auditivo e efeitos de incongruência no processamento semântico." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/29158.
Full textThe study of language processing can consider whether the most elementary linguistic units, the simple phonemes or the sentence as a more or less complex unit. The current study is focused on the speech understanding by the hearing of words and sentences. In this line of investigation, it is common to use behavioural data simultaneously with indicators of the Central Nervous System (CNS) activity as the Event Related Potentials (ERPs). Various ERPs components with amplitude, latency and distribution on the scalp have been related to specific aspects of the processes involved in the language understanding. In this study, we will focus on a particular effect of ERP, named N400, sensitive to the semantic processing. We will use experimental paradigms for the evaluation of the linguistic processing; compare conditions of congruence with conditions of semantic incongruence in three distinctive situations in terms of level of complexity and demand of processing resources that will be designated as experimental phases. In the first experimental phase- auditory processing of words: lexical relations and semantic fields – three main semantic fields were considered (fruit, animals and objects) and three deviant fields (fish, flowers and jobs) respectively. In the second experimental phase, declarative sentences constituted by Subject/Verb/Complement were considered. The type of complement (direct or oblique) was selected according to the characteristics of the verb used. In this experimental phase, the semantic violation is local, in other words, from the verb to the complement. The third experimental phase- auditory processing of partial interrogative sentences “Wh”- implies a more complex structure from the point of view of the linguistic information processing, as the movement of the complement to the beginning of the sentence leaves an empty category that requires a greater semantic and syntactic effort, with a greater involvement of other cognitive processes as in the case of shortterm memory. This investigation includes, for each of the experimental phases, a study with behavioural indicators and a study with electrophysiological indicators (ERPs), for a healthy population and also in cases of Central Auditory Processing Disorders (APD). The APD are expressed by a functional hearing loss characterized by the incapacity to perform one or more abilities of the auditory processing. As far as we know, there aren’t any studies on this indicator of semantic processing in individuals with APD.
Ponte, Márcio José Moutinho da. "REFERENCIAL SEMÂNTICO NO SUPORTE DA IDENTIFICAÇÃO BOTÂNICA DE ESPÉCIES AMAZÔNICAS." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/42281.
Full textBarbeiro, Célia Lavado Mendes Jorge Pereira. "Abordagem cognitiva do domínio da polissemia pelos alunos de português língua não materna : a construção do alcance semântico das palavras." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/1501.
Full textO fenómeno recente da imigração em Portugal coloca à escola portuguesa o desafio de acolher e integrar os alunos migrantes. A sua presença na escola exige uma atenção especial na aquisição/aprendizagem do Português enquanto língua não materna ou língua segunda, por ser esta a língua veicular dos conhecimentos escolares e porque do seu domínio depende a plena integração dos alunos migrantes. O presente estudo pretende conhecer as competências manifestadas, no que respeita à aquisição do léxico e, especificamente, ao domínio da polissemia, por parte de um grupo de alunos eslavos, do 3.º ciclo do ensino básico, que frequenta escolas da região de Leiria, cujas línguas maternas são o Ucraniano e/ou o Russo. Pretendemos, também, conhecer dificuldades de aquisição da língua portuguesa pelos alunos em causa, a fim de fundamentar propostas didácticas que favoreçam essa aquisição. Para a caracterização do domínio lexical apresentado pelo grupo de alunos eslavos de Português Língua Não Materna (PLNM), foram aplicados um teste de vocabulário e um conjunto de testes de conhecimento polissémico, por nós especificamente elaborados para o efeito. Os resultados alcançados pelos alunos de PLNM foram confrontados com os dos alunos de Português Língua Materna (PLM). No que respeita aos resultados dos testes linguísticos, os alunos eslavos, em média, revelam um domínio de vocabulário em Português significativamente inferior ao do grupo de referência, independentemente do seu tempo de residência em Portugal. Os resultados dos testes de conhecimento polissémico aplicados mostram que os alunos de PLNM, de um modo geral, conhecem os significados prototípicos dos itens lexicais que integram o teste, bem como os significados cujo grau de saliência se situa num nível próximo da prototipicidade dos referidos itens. Verificou-se que as dificuldades reveladas pelos sujeitos eslavos no domínio lexical se devem, por um lado, ao desconhecimento de vocábulos de uso menos comum ou de baixa frequência e, por outro lado, à falta de capacidade de expressarem com precisão os significados solicitados. A partir do nosso estudo e tendo em vista a promoção da competência lexical, designadamente no que diz respeito ao domínio da polissemia, apresentamos algumas propostas de actividades pedagógicas e didácticas susceptíveis de serem desenvolvidas no âmbito do ensino-aprendizagem do Português Língua Não Materna.
The recent immigration phenomenon in Portugal has challenged the Portuguese education system to welcome and integrate the migrant pupils in the Portuguese schools. At school, their integration deserves special attention concerning Portuguese language acquisition as the second language and the vehicular language of the school contents/syllabuses. The current research aims to recognise the linguistic competences of Slavic pupils in Portuguese lexicon acquisition, in particular, related to the polysemy domain. Our research also aims to understand difficulties of Slavic pupils in acquisition of Portuguese. This study concerns a group of Ukrainian and Russian pupils who attend schools in the area of Leiria from 7th to 9th forms. A vocabulary test and a set of tests on the knowledge of polysemy were applied to Slavic and Portuguese students, in order to characterize the Slavic students’ lexical domain of Portuguese as a second language. The results obtained in the Slavic group were compared with the results obtained in Portuguese L1 pupils. According to the statistic results of the linguistic tests, the average domain of Portuguese vocabulary by the Slavic pupils is significantly lower than that of the Portuguese students. The results of polysemy tests, based on ordinary words, show that the Slavic pupils not only know the prototypical meanings of the lexical items but also their most salient meanings. It is evident that the difficulties of the Slavic pupils in the domain of lexicon are due to two reasons: first, the unfamiliarity of the low frequency vocabulary, second, their lack of capacity to express themselves precisely. In order to promote the lexical capacity of the Slavic pupils, particularly in the domain of polysemy, we propose, according to the findings of our research, some methodological activities that can be put into practice in Portuguese language teaching as a second language.
Rodrigues, Laura Margarida Garcia. "Presença de enviesamento em prova de memória episódica baseadas em histórias: poderá o conhecimento semântico influenciar a evocação." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/9998.
Full textAnalisar as diferenças atribuíveis ao género e à idade no desempenho em provas de memória episódica é um tema pouco abordado. No entanto, alguns estudos indicam que o desempenho das mulheres é superior ao dos homens, podendo esta vantagem dever-se ao tipo de tarefa utilizada e ao conteúdo semântico específico a memorizar. A presente dissertação teve como objetivo verificar se as diferenças de género e idade no desempenho em provas de memória episódica (teste de recordação de histórias) se poderão dever ao conteúdo semântico específico das histórias a memorizar, na medida em que certos conteúdos podem proporcionar uma vantagem aos participantes de um determinado grupo por remeterem para experiências de vida específicas desse grupo. Para concretizar o objetivo, utilizou-se o subteste de Memória Lógica I e II da WMS-III, bem como quatro pequenas histórias construídas para o efeito e o conteúdo remetia para episódios específicos de um determinado género ou faixa etária. Um total de 48 participantes (12 jovens adultos do género feminino, 12 jovens adultos do género masculino, 12 adultos do género feminino e 12 adultos do género masculino) participou neste estudo quasi-experimental. Os resultados indicam, na generalidade, uma vantagem das mulheres em relação aos homens em provas de memória episódica, principalmente nas mulheres adultas, não sendo a idade um factor significativo na explicação das diferenças de desempenho. No entanto, não se observa vantagem específica de um determinado género ou faixa etária na evocação das histórias desenhadas para refletir episódios específicos desses grupos. Estes resultados nulos podem ter surgido, ou por o conteúdo das histórias não afetar realmente a evocação ou por as histórias não terem sido construídas de forma suficientemente dirigida à experiência de vida dos grupos-alvo.
Canário, Nádia Isabel Silva. "O estudo da natureza do chunking verbal : o enquadramento semântico e sintático na memória de trabalho." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/15986.
Full textThe main goal of this study is to analyze the verbal chunking in two different conditions of Phonological Loop capacity. More concretely it is intended to investigate whether the formation of verbal chunks constitutes an automatic process or it depends on the attentional resources directed to the task. It is further intended to investigate whether the Phonological Loop capacity effect the nature of this process. To accomplish that it was created an immediate serial recall task paradigm, to which a secondary task was added so that attentional resources addressed to the main task could be manipulated. Main theoretical considerations came from this work are mainly contextualized in the framework of the Multicomponent Model of Working Memory, namely in the Episodic Buffer component. The results, as predicted, suggest the relatively automaticity of the verbal chunking process, and as well as its independence from the Phonological Loop capacity constraints.
Barros, Inês Tamissa de. "A relevância da colaboração do arguido na determinação da pena." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/23312.
Full textOliveira, Samuel José Gambito de. "Platão e o Problema da Metaxy como Determinação Fundamental." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/82272.
Full textThis dissertation explores the concept of μεταξύ in the Corpus Platonicum and discusses up to what point it can be interpreted as a – or even the – fundamental determination both of Plato’s texts and of our own way of being. It seeks to follow the vast and complex set of meanings of the term “μεταξύ” and of the contexts (gnoseological, ontological, etc.) where it is asked to play a more or less decisive role. Initially, there is a focus on what could be termed a “non-terminological μεταξύ”, which covers both the μεταξύ understood in a rather “loose” sense (where there is not such a thorough handling of the concept) and the μεταξύ as the subject of a more detailed analysis, which ends up outlining certain models of understanding of the notion. At a second stage, we explore a “terminological” use of μεταξύ, where the concept is clearly given a central role in Plato’s investigations and expresses something like a terminus technicus. From this exploration arises what one could call five fundamental modalities of “terminological μεταξύ”: μεταξὺ θνητοῦ καὶ ἀθανάτου, μεταξὺ σοφίας καὶ ἀμαθίας, μεταξὺ τοῦ ὄντος καὶ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος, μεταξὺ καλοῦ καὶ αἰσχροῦ and μεταξὺ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ κακοῦ. This gives rise to a complex task: a) to identify the passages in the Corpus Platonicum where the above-mentioned modalities play a significant role, b) to analyse the nature of each one of them taken separately and also c) to understand the links between them. Regarding this last point, the Corpus highlights the existence of “isomorphisms”, viz. structural affinities among the various modalities of μεταξύ in the “terminological” sense. But, in addition to this, it calls one attention to something like a single formal core of μεταξύ (constant and omnipresent), of which all the modalities constitute cases or moments, so to say. We try to perceive this same core in Socrates/Diotima’s discourse in the Symposium, namely in the mythological description of the δαίμων Ἔρως as something arising from the joining of Πενία and Πόρος. In fact, this description raises the possibility of each one of us corresponding to the conjunction of multiple desiderative tensions similar in every respect to Ἔρως. These tensions are precisely defined for their μεταξύ way of being – and that also means: for being constitutively directed towards the πόρος of themselves, sc. towards the superlative (i.e. towards ἀθάνατον, σοφία, ὄν, καλόν and ἀγαθόν). All this results in two things: on one hand, the possibility of each one of us consisting exactly in μεταξύ, viz. in a perspective totally “immersed” in μεταξύ, so that it is precisely this determination that spells out our “whereabouts” and plays the key-role in everything with which we are in contact. But, on the other hand, the fact that our “whereabouts” is intrinsically directed towards a superlative (viz. a superlative core of superlatives) results in this same superlative corresponding, so to say, to the key-determination of the key-determination (i.e. of the μεταξύ).
Oliveira, André Filipe Peres. "Determinação de respostas dinâmicas não medidas." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/2311.
Full textFurtado, Rodrigo Braga. "Determinação de curvas NPSH em Bombas Centrífugas." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/100887.
Full textSantos, António José Cabral Grade dos. "Determinação experimental das propriedades mecânicas do polietileno." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/23405.
Full textDias, Susana Beatriz Ferreira. "Determinação da cor por dois métodos espectrofotométricos." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/26237.
Full textObjetivos: O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar e comparar a exatidão e precisão de dois instrumentos de determinação de cor em duas escalas de cor dentárias. Materiais e Métodos: Foram testados dois instrumentos de determinação de cor: Spectroshade Micro (SS) e VITA Easyshade (ES). Mediu-se a cor das guias de duas escalas de cores, VITA Classical (VC) e VITA 3D-Master (VM). Cada guia de cor foi colocada numa matriz gengival (Shofu Gummy; Shofu Dentalcorp; USA). As medições foram efetuadas na região central da guia de cor, no interior de uma caixa preta mate, de acordo com métodos previamente descritos e seguindo as instruções do fabricante. As concordâncias interoperador, entre medições e as escalas VC e VM e entre aparelhos foram avaliadas pelo fator kappa. A sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo negativo (VPN) e valor preditivo positivo (VPP) foram calculados para cada guia de cor das duas escalas. A diferença de exatidão entre aparelhos foi determinada a partir da análise das curvas ROC, utilizando o z-test (two-way), com α <0,05. Resultados: O ES obteve valores de sensibilidade e especificidade superiores aos do SS, para ambas as escalas, sendo que, os dois aparelhos apresentam valores mais altos para a escala VM do que para a VC. A concordância das medições do ES foi 93,2% para VC e 94,6% para VM, e do SS foi 73,8% para VC e 82,4% para VM. Verificou-se uma concordância inter-aparelho de 75,3% para VC e 82,3% para VM. Não existiu diferença estatística de exatidão entre aparelhos para VC e VM. Conclusões: O ES e o SS apresentam um bom desempenho geral para todos os parâmetros nas duas escalas, com melhor sensibilidade e especificidade para a escala VM. Embora os aparelhos apresentem valores de exatidão e precisão distintos, estas diferenças não são significativas.
Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy and precision of two shade-matching instruments, in the determination of color of two dental shade guides. Materials and Methods: Two shade-matching devices were tested: Spectroshade Micro (SS) and VITA Easyshade (ES). Color measurements were made of the shade tabs from two commercial shade guides, VITA Classical (VC) and VITA 3D-Master (VM). Shade tabs were placed in the middle of a gingival matrix (Shofu Gummy, Shofu Dentalcorp; USA). Measurements were made of the central region of the shade tab positioned inside a black box, according to previously reported methodology and following the manufacturer’s instructions. The interoperator agreement, the agreement between measurements and the VC and VM scales and between devices has been evaluated by the kappa factor. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (PNV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated for each shade tab of the two guides. The difference in accuracy between devices was determined from the ROC curve analysis using the z-test (two-tailed), with α <0.05. Results: The ES obtained higher sensitivity and specificity than the SS, for both guides, and that the two devices have higher values for the VM than for the VC. The agreement between ES and VC was 93.2% and for VM was 94.6%. The SS agreement was 73.8% for VC and 82.4% for VM. The interdevice agreement was of 75.3% and 82.3% for the VC and VM, respectively. There wasn’t a statistically significant difference in accuracy between devices for VC and VM. Conclusions: The ES and SS have an overall good performance for all parameters in the two scales, with better sensitivity and specificity for VM shade guide. Although the devices present distinct accuracy and precision values, these differences are not significant.
Cândido, Ana Carolina Moniz. "A determinação da matéria coletável por métodos indiretos e consequências penais." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/26066.
Full textFrancisco, Luis Manuel Henriques. "Determinação da área interfacial em reatores de coluna de bolhas." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/28589.
Full textInstituto Politécnico de Tomar
Teixeira, Diana da Costa e. Castro. "Genes envolvidos na determinação de Parkinson." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5826.
Full textParkinson’s disease is the secound most important neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 3% of those older than 80 years of age. The clinical symptoms are resting tremor, postural instability, bradykinesia and rigidity, with a good response to levodopa therapy. Over the last years, numerous studies have confirmed the unquestionable contribution of genetic factos to the complex pathogenesis of this disease. Highly penetrant mutations producing rare, monogenic forms of the disease have been discovered in singular genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK 1, LRRK2, and VPS35. Unique variants with incomplete penetrance in LRRK2 and GBA have been shown to be strong risk factors for Parkinson’s disease in certain populations. Additionally, over 20 common variants with small effect sizes are now recognized to modulate the risk for Parkinson’s disease. Investigating Mendelian forms of PD has provided precious insight into the pathophysiology that underlies the more common idiopathic form of disease. Despite all the advances on the genetic field, no treatment methodologies have been developed. The challenge over the next decade will be to strengthen the findings delivered through genetic discovery by assessing the direct, biological consequences of risk variants. Moreover, i salso expected that the advent of genome-wide association studies and the implementation of new technologies, like next generation sequencing and exome sequencing has undoubtedly greatly aided the identification on novel risk variants for sporadic Parkinson’s Disease.
Gonçalves, Rita Margarida Duarte. "A auto-determinação em pessoas com autismo." Master's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/4274.
Full textAo longo de vários anos tem sido salientada a importância que a auto-determinação tem na vida de todos e o quanto são fundamentais as oportunidades de escolha, de tomada de decisões e de um trabalho conjunto para a promoção de comportamentos de autodeterminação junto das pessoas, incluíndo as pessoas com autismo. Neste sentido, pretendiase com esta investigação observar os comportamentos auto-determinados em duas pessoas com autismo, nomeadamente a cinco níveis: conhecimento e valorização de si, actuar, planear e experienciar resultados e aprender e, ainda, avaliar questões relacionadas com a autonomia. Os participantes da amostra foram um jovem adulto com 18 anos e um adulto com 27 anos, do sexo masculino, ambos com autismo; os técnicos que os acompanhavam e as mães. Foram utilizados dois questionários e uma checklist de observação, cujos autores são Alan Hoffman, Sharon Field e Shlomo Sawilowsky (2004). Com esta metodologia, foi possível verificar que, em termos de auto-determinação, existem algumas dificuldades por parte destas pessoas com autismo, mas o fundamental é que apresentam comportamentos auto-determinados no seu dia-a- dia, mostrando deste modo, que têm habilidades de empowerment nas suas vidas.
ABSTRACT: During the years it has been referred the importance of Self-Determination in people’s life and the importance of having different opportunities to choose from, decision making and a collaborative work to the promotion of self-determined behaviours for all, including persons with autism. Following this conceptualization, this research focused on observing the selfdetermined behaviours in two persons with autism, especially at five levels: knowledge and personal valorisation, planning, acting and experience outcomes and learn and, also, evaluate autonomy. The participants were two young adults aged 18 and 27, both male and with autism; the professionals that work with the two adults and their mothers. Two different scales were used and one observation checklist, made by Alan Hoffman, Sharon Field and Shlomo Sawilowsky (2004). With this methodology it was possible to observe that are evident difficulties, in terms of Self-Determination, but both participants presented selfdetermined behaviours and showed empowering skills in their daily life.
Fialho, Francisco Pedro Peres da Silva Morais. "Determinação de comprimentos de encurvadura de pilares-estaca." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15562.
Full textPiloto, Maria de Fátima da Silva. "Procura de novos antibióticos. Síntese, caracterização e determinação de atividade biológica." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/84448.
Full textSantos, Fabiana Cristina Vilaça dos. "Determinação de novas substâncias psicoativas em fluido oral." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/6003.
Full textThe new psychoactive substances are a problematic since no specific regulation exist that prohibits its consumption. These are considered emerging and legal drugs, since its structure is modified in laboratory from already existing drugs. Methoxetamine (MXE) a compound structurally similar to ketamine and phenylciclidine is included in this group since the year 2010, the piperazines similar to cocaine and amphetamines are present in the drug market since the year 2000. Therefore, the development of new analytical methods requiring less resources and time that guarantee unequivocal identification of the substances becomes necessary, as is the case of gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS, used for the quantification of MXE) and Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS, used for the quantification of piperazines). The objective of this work was to develop an analytical method for the determination of MXE using GC-MS/MS and for the piperazines 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP), 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine (TFMPP), 1-3 chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), 1-4 methoxiphenylpiperazine (MeOPP) using LC-MS/MS. The biological specimen selected for this work was oral fluid since it is a good alternative specimen for its easy and non-invasive collection. Both methodologies were validated according to international guidelines of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). Microextraction in packed syringe (MEPS) was used, an extraction technique that requires a low solvent use and low sample volumes. Linearity was obtained for the concentration interval of 10 (lower limit of quantification-LLOQ) to 600 ng/mL for MXE, 0.01 (LLOQ and LOD: limit of detection) to 80 ng/mL for TFMPP, 5 (LLOQ and LOD) to 80 ng/mL for MeOPP and BZP and from 1 (LLOQ and LOD to 80 ng/mL for mCPP. The LOD for MXE was 1 ng/mL. In all cases the determination coefficient (R2) was superior to 0.99. Both precision (intra- and interday) and accuracy were situated within the values defined by the guidelines (coefficient of variation below 15% and mean relative error within ±15%). The recovery of the compounds was within 27% for MXE, 60% for BZP, 40% for MeOPP, 30% for mCPP and 26% for TFMPP. The developed methods were applied to authentic samples which presents an advantage in the development of any analytical method. It is important to point out that this is the first study described in literature where MXE and piperazines are analysed in oral fluid using MEPS.
Moita, Vera Isabel dos Santos. "Determinação do grau de satisfação no trabalho dos docentes do Ensino Superior." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/13580.
Full textDias, Kateline Marisa. "Determinação da distribuição de flúor em esmalte dentário." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/99733.
Full textSilva, Kátia Andrea Vieira da. "Determinação do Nível de Sustentabilidade na Indústria Têxtil/ Confeção." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/6109.
Full textThe textile sector, in its development of productive activities causes impacts to environmental health, with no specific indicators to measure them. However, some critics / experts in the field mention the importance of indicators for sustainable development of economic activities. Thus has built a group of indicators for sustainable development in environmental, social and economic dimensions, so as to make known the situation of the textile sector. The measurement of corporate sustainability is a complex and critical for the operationalization of sustainable development into the daily routine of organizations. The objective of this dissertation is basically applying a system of measuring sustainability in the textile industry, thus making known the concept of sustainability, sustainable development and its variations, in other words, the economic, environmental and social dimensions. Are also treated sustainability indicators (Ethos Indicators of Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainable development indicators of the commission for Sustainable Development (CSD), among others ...), the sustainability indexes (Index Sustainable Enterprise (ISE), Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), the Dow Jones Index (DJSI), Triple Bottom Line Index System (TBL), among others ...). An index has been proposed, and for determining the weight of indicators has been suggested using the Delphi method. This method will be explained, and presented a fictitious case.
Fernandes, Joana Filipa. "Determinação da autocorrelação, HNR e NHR para análise acústica vocal." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/19158.
Full textThe objective of this work was to determine the parameters: Harmonic to Noise Ration (HNR), Noise to Harmonic Ratio (NHR) and autocorrelation. These parameters are used as inputs to an intelligent system for diagnosis of speech pathologies. A comparative analysis was performed between the values of the algorithm and the Praat software, in order to understand the best window and its length, in number of glottal periods. This analysis resulted in the decision to use the hanning window with a length corresponding to 6 glottal periods. By comparing the results it was concluded that this algorithm allows to extract the parameters HNR, NHR and Autocorrelation with values close enough to the reference values. An algorithm was developed to select only the part of the signal where speech occurs, eliminating the initial and final silence zones, to later extract the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficientes (MFCCs), Linear Prediction Coefficientes (LPC) and Line Spectral Frequency (LSF). Throughout the work it was possible, although it was not the primary objective, to complement a cured database, initiated in a previous investigation, adding more parameters and more diseases. This database now has MFCC parameters with 13 ceptral coefficients, HNR, NHR, Autocorrelation, absolute jitter, relative jitter, absolute shimmer, relative shimmer, extracted from 9 phrases corresponding to 3 vowels in 3 tones and to one sentence, for subjects with 19 pathologies, plus control subjects. This cured database provides a set of parameters on these speech signals for research on these 19 pathologies.
Gonçalves, Susana Margarida Marques. "A causalidade na determinação da responsabilidade dos administradores pela insolvência : verificação necessária ou simples presunção?" Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/15620.
Full textDuarte, Filipe Alexandre Zabelo. "Determinação da extensão da camada superficial em geometrias com entalhes severos." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/37001.
Full textFatigue is a major failure mechanisms of mechanical components subjected to cyclic loading. The main objective of this research is to quantify the extent of the surface region in planar notched geometries with through cracks and subjected to constant amplitude cyclic loading. In this research, it was considered three planar geometries: a standard M(T) specimen used as a reference; a M(T) specimen with lateral U-shaped notches; and also a M(T) specimen with V-shape notches. The analysis was performed from two constitutive models, more specifically, a linear-elastic model and an elasto-plastic model. In a first stage, the finite element mesh has been optimized. The emphasis has been put on the mesh topology which is characterized by a high level of refinement near the surface. In a second stage, the extent of surface layer has been evaluated taking into account the effects of thickness, geometry and notch shape, crack length, and remote applied stress. After the analysis of results, it was found that the extent of the surface region is influenced by the thickness for the M(T), M(T)u and M(T)v specimens. For thicknesses lower than 2 mm, the extension of the surface region sharply increases as the thickness decreases. For thicknesses greater than the mentioned value, the extent of surface region tends to stabilize. It was also concluded that the S1 and S2 values are higher for the elasto-plastic models than for the linear-elastic models. Furthermore, the geometric variables associated with each geometry have influence. In the case of the M(T)u specimen, there is a significant effect of notch radius (r); for the M(T)v specimen, a significant influence of the notch angle (α) is also identified. Regarding the crack depth (b), a slight effect has been observed. The crack length has also an important effect on the results. In the case of the elastic-plastic model, it was also identified an additional effect caused by the remote applied stress (σ). In general, the extent of surface region increases with the remote applied stress
Barbedo, Inês. "Determinação de grafos regulares excecionais com recurso a (k,t)-extensões." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/17022.
Full textAn exceptional graph is a connected graph with least eigenvalue greater than or equal to -2 which is not a generalized line graph. The aim of this thesis is to present a new technique for the construction of regular graphs, with certain spectral and combinatorial invariant properties, and to apply it in the construction of all regular exceptional graphs. The work is divided into two parts. The first part describes a new construction technique that introduces (κ, τ )-regular sets in regular graphs, called (κ, τ )-extension, and defines a partial order between regular graphs. It is shown that the process of extending a graph is reduced to the construction of the incidence matrix of a combinatorial 1-design, considering several rules to prevent the production of isomorphic graphs. Furthermore, this technique allows the construction of regular graphs with an equitable partition and some spectral properties of these graphs are presented. The second part starts with a brief description of the three techniques, previously known for the construction of regular exceptional graphs. Later, the (κ, τ )-extensions are applied to the recursive construction of the set of regular exceptional graphs, which are partitioned in three layers. In the case of the 1st and 2nd layers, graphs are obtained by (0, 2)-extensions and in the case of 3rd layer, by (1, 3)-extensions. Therefore, we conclude that, the independence number attains Hoffman’s upper bound for the graphs of 1st and 2nd layers and the set of regular exceptional graphs has a partially ordered set structure whose Hasse diagram is presented.
Sardo, Ana Isabel Franganito. "Determinação do estado redox do líquido céfalo-raquídeo na doença de Alzheimer." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/47705.
Full textIntrodução: A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é a causa mais comum de demência, constituindo 50 a 80% de todos os casos. Atualmente, o diagnóstico provável de DA é baseado em achados clínicos e resultados de testes neuropsicológicos só sendo possível chegar a um diagnóstico definitivo após exame post mortem. A importância da via oxidativa e das espécies reativas de oxigénio como intervenientes no processo de dano neuronal progressivo na DA tem sido amplamente demonstrada. Têm sido encontradas deficiências nos complexos da cadeia respiratória mitocondrial e uma diminuição do metabolismo energético no cérebro dos doentes de DA, que tem início provavelmente muitos anos antes do início dos sintomas da doença. Uma forma indireta de avaliar o metabolismo oxidativo no cérebro é determinar o estado redox do líquido céfalo-raquídeo (LCR) através da concentração de lactato e piruvato naquele fluído orgânico. Objetivos: Avaliar a utilidade da razão entre os níveis de lactato e piruvato no LCR, como indicador precoce de disfunção metabólica na DA. Verificar se as alterações metabólicas são específicas da DA ou se são comuns a outros tipos de défices cognitivos e demência e correlacionar as alterações observadas com a gravidade da demência e com perfis genéticos de risco como o polimorfismo da Apolipoproteína E (APOE). Metodologia: Foram investigados três grupos de diagnóstico estabelecidos com base em critérios estandardizados: 67 indivíduos com DA (Critérios NINCDS-ADRDA, 1984), 31 com Defeito Cognitivo Ligeiro (DCL) (Critérios de Petersen, 2001) e 37 com Degenerescência Lobar Fronto-Temporal (DFT) (Critérios de Neary e colaboradores, 1998). A gravidade da DA foi avaliada através da escala Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), sendo que o grau 0,5 corresponde a demência questionável (equivalente do DCL), e os estadios 1, 2 e 3, respetivamente a demência ligeira, moderada e grave. Os doseamentos de lactato e piruvato foram efetuados por técnicas colorimétricas, a partir de amostras de LCR colhidas e armazenadas no decurso da investigação diagnóstica. O genótipo da Apolipoproteína E foi determinado em amostras de sangue periférico por PCR seguido de enzimas de restrição. A análise dos dados foi realizada com recurso ao software estatístico SPSS. Resultados: Os valores bioquímicos de lactato, piruvato e a razão lactato/ piruvato, doseados no LCR dos indivíduos com DA, DCL e DFT não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os diferentes grupos de diagnóstico nem entre géneros. Estes valores bioquímicos também não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre portadores e não portadores do alelo ε4 do gene ApoE nem entre os diferentes graus de severidade de demência avaliadas pela CDR no grupo com DA. Conclusão: A concentração de piruvato e lactato no LCR, assim como a sua razão (lactato/piruvato) não parecem ser marcadores específicos da DA, apresentando valores semelhantes noutras situações clínicas como o DCL e DFT. Apesar de noutros estudos se terem observado alterações da concentração destes marcadores no LCR e diferenças entre os diferentes graus de severidade na DA, no nosso estudo não encontrámos diferenças significativas.
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, representing 50 to 80% of all cases. The diagnosis of “probable AD” depends on clinical criteria and neurological and neuropathological tests. The definitive diagnosis of AD can only be determined after post mortem examination. The importance of the oxidative pathway and reactive oxygen species as agents in the process of progressive neuronal damage in AD has been widely demonstrated. Deficiencies have been found in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes as well as a decrease in energy metabolism in the brain of patients with AD, which probably initiates many years before the onset of symptoms. One indirect way to assess brain oxidative metabolism is by determining the redox state of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the concentration of lactate and pyruvate in that organic fluid. Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of the ratio between the levels of lactate and pyruvate in CSF as early indicator of metabolic dysfunction in AD. To identify whether the metabolic changes are specific to AD or are common to other types of cognitive deficits and dementia and correlate the changes observed with the severity of dementia and genetic risk profiles such as polymorphism of apolipoprotein E (APOE). Methodology: We investigated three diagnostic groups established based on standard criteria: 67 individuals with AD (NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, 1984), 31 with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (Petersen criteria, 2001) and 37 with Fronto-Lobar Degeneration temporal (FTD) (Neary et al criteria, 1998). The severity of AD was evaluated using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), according to which the degree 0,5 corresponds to questionable dementia (equivalent MCI), and stages 1, 2 and 3, correspond respectively to mild, moderate and severe dementia. Lactate and pyruvate CSF levels were determined by colorimetric assyas, using samples collected and stored during the diagnostic investigation. Genotyping of the gene of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) was made from whole blood and ApoE genotype determined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) followed by hydrolysis with restriction enzymes. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical software. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the CSF levels of lactate, pyruvate and lactate/pyruvate ratio, between different groups of diagnosis (AD, MCI and FTD) or between gender. These biochemical values did not show significant differences between carriers and noncarriers of the ε4 allele of the ApoE gene or between different degrees of severity of dementia assessed by CDR in the group with AD. Conclusion: Concentration of pyruvate and lactate in CSF, as well as their ratio (lactate/pyruvate) don’t appear to be specific markares of AD, and they showed similar values in other clinical situations such as MCI and FTD. Although changes in concentration of these markers in CSF and differences between the different degrees of severity in AD have been observed in other studies, our study found no significant differences.
Malainho, Laurry Caroline de Lima. "Caracterização da principal metodologia utilizada na determinação de cor dentária." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/28427.
Full textIntroduction: Dental Aesthetics is an increasingly relevant subject in today’s society. In order to obtain aesthetic results, it’s extremely important to do a correct shade selection. Shade selection is a complex process realized in the daily dental practice. It can be realized using different methods and it’s influenced by some factors such as light, the operator and the object. In order to make a good shade selection it’s important do understand the factors that influence the process to minimize the errors that might occur. Objectives: This study aims to analyze which methods are used by dentists and final year dental students in the moment of shade matching, as well as to understand their knowledge on this theme and the degree of difficulty associated with this stage of treatment. Materials and methods: An observational cross-sectional epidemiological study was performed, with a sample of 145 inquired. In order to obtain information a questionnaire about shade selection was applied to dentists and final year dental students. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics 23®, considering a rate significance of 5%. Results: The visual method with help of VITA Classic guide (65,5%) was the preferred method of shade selection, 88,3% presented difficulties in the process of shade matching, and 88,3% referred to know the concepts of hue, chroma and value. Conclusion: Shade selection is a subjective process influenced by many factors. Knowledge about color is necessary in order to facilitate the process. Despite the evolutions to the present day the visual method is still the most used.
Martins, Filipa Alexandra Magalhães. "Determinação dos 3 genótipos do Polimorfismo “null” / “present” da GSTM1." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/8745.
Full textThe following dissertation was elaborated during the Internship curricular unit of the Integrated Masters of Pharmaceutical Sciences where I underwent two internships, one referring to the community pharmacy and the other the hospital pharmacy. It is also included the research work developed with the goal of determining the 3 genotypes of Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1). For that reason, this work is divided in 3 parts, each one corresponding to one chapter. The first chapter is about the research work developed at the Health Science Investigation Center of University of Beira Interior, with the guidance of Professor Doctor Luiza Granadeiro and co-guidance of Master Micaela Almeida. This work is titled “Determination of the 3 genotypes of the “null” / “present” Polymorphism of the GSTM1”. The Glutathione S-Transferases (GST) superfamily, in which the GSTM1 is included, is responsible for detoxification processes during the phase II metabolism. These enzymes reduce compounds through their conjugation with glutathione. The GSTM1 polymorphisms have been studied due to their involvement in pathological processes, as is the case of breast cancer, since the homozygous deletion of this enzyme gene leads to loss of its activity. Studies made in the Health Science Investigation Center of University of Beira Interior concluded that populations with homozygous deletion of the gene alleles that codify the GSTM1 have greater risk of developing breast cancer. The genotyping, in this case, was done through the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, which doesn’t allow for heterozygotes identification. For this reason, this research work proposes the implementation and optimization of the Real-Time PCR technique to determine the heterozygotes individuals. The second chapter describes the internship developed in community pharmacy. This internship was done at the Farmácia Nova de Mesão Frio (FNMF), which is in the Mesão Frio county, and took place between the months of January and April of 2018. It’s in this section of the dissertation that topics such as the running of a community pharmacy and the pharmaceutical practice in such places will be approached, as well as the relevant legal frameworks. The third chapter of this dissertation approaches the internship on the Pharmaceutical Services of the hospital pharmacy of Local Health Unit (Unidade Local de Saúde – ULS) of Guarda during the period from April to June of 2018. In this chapter, it’s described the role of the hospital pharmacist and all the legal framework referring to this practice.
Oliveira, Natália da Anunciação Craveiro Ramos Taborda de. "Determinação da prevalência de doença alérgica em alunos do ensino superior." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/6665.
Full textThe prevalence of allergic diseases (asthma, rhinitis and eczema) has been increasing in the last decades. Several risk factors have been associated with this increase being climate change, pollution (outdoor and indoor) two of the factors whose influence has been studied. As Cova de Beira is a region with high levels of allergens, the present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema) and associated risk factors in new students of any course of the Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS) of the University of Beira Interior (UBI) in the academic year 2015/2016. After the recruitment, the volunteers who accepted to participate in the study signed an informed consent, answered a questionnaire adapted from the questionnaire used in the ISAAC study and previously validated into the Portuguese language and skin tests were performed using a battery of 22 allergens (simple or combined) next to the panel presented in the European Standards. The data were checked for normal distribution by the Kolmogorov test. The non-normality of the data have led to the entire analysis being carried out using non-parametric tests. The data obtained were studied based on the relative and absolute frequencies of each variable. To study the association between the various variables, the Chi-Square test and the relative risk calculation were used. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. For the relative risk it was considered that values greater than 1 would represent a risk factor and values lower than 1 would be a protective factor. Regarding the prevalence of self-reported diseases, the present study found that 21.7% of the population had asthma, 57.1% had allergic rhinitis and 26.9% had eczema. Only for allergic rhinitis was a statistically significant difference found for prevalence’s of males (40.6%) and females (60.8%). When studying the prevalence of two or more pathologies simultaneously, it was verified that 17.1% of the studied population reported asthma and rhinitis, 8.6% asthma and eczema, 22.3% as rhinitis and eczema, 7.4% the three pathologies (asthma, rhinitis and eczema). Only for the presence of rhinitis and eczema simultaneously was it possible to conclude a statistically significant difference for prevalence in males (9.1%) and females (25.2%). To evaluate the risk factors, the relative risk was calculated. Thus the present study suggest that Outdoor 2 hobbies like gardening may be a risk factor for asthma and rhinitis, and hobbies like outdoor walks may be a risk factor for rhinitis and eczema pathologies, urban residence as a risk factor for the three pathologies (asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema), the presence of carpets in the house as a risk factor for rhinitis and the existence of fungi and mold as a risk factor for rhinitis and eczema. The evaluation of the presence of animals suggests the dog as a risk factor for rhinitis, birds for rhinitis and eczema and the cat for the three pathologies (asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema). With regard to smoking, the results point to active smoking as a risk factor for asthma and eczema and passive smoking for eczema. When assessing the genetic risk factor (presence of allergically pathology in direct relatives, the present study suggests that the existence of a family history of allergic disease is a risk factor for the three pathologies. Thus, although the results obtained point in the same direction as results published in other studies, it is not possible to conclude them as definitive in the absence of statistical significance. The reason for this is mainly the fact that the the final population sample was not representative.
Alves, João Pedro Silva. "Determinação do ponto ótimo de trabalho de uma Unidade de Combustão Catalítica." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/87633.
Full textMenor, Carolina Messias Pinto. "Determinação experimental do fator solar do dispositivo de sombreamento Hauskool." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/37220.
Full textOs vãos envidraçados são os elementos mais vulneráveis da envolvente de um edifício, sendo responsáveis pelo maior consumo de energia para aquecimento, no inverno, e arrefecimento, no verão, que representam cerca de trinta por cento da energia desperdiçada. É por estes que ocorrem as maiores perdas de energia e infiltrações de ar, que muitas vezes afetam o conforto dos ocupantes, tornando o ambiente interior mais quente no verão e mais frio no inverno. O aperfeiçoamento das suas características técnicas, como é o caso do fator solar (𝑔), o tipo de construção do edifício e a caracterização da envolvente e dos elementos que a constituem – vãos envidraçados e mecanismos de sombreamento –, tornaram-se componentes obrigatórios a ter em consideração para definir o desempenho energético de um edifício. O dispositivo de sombreamento Hauskool é uma persiana constituída por poliéster transparente, poliéster metalizado (na parte traseira das lâminas) e polietileno branco (na parte frontal das lâminas), que se cola no lado exterior da janela. Quando ocorre incidência da radiação solar ocorre uma reação de expansão que provoca o desenrolamento das lâminas, fazendo com que estas evitem a passagem de grande parte da radiação solar incidente. Para a determinação do fator solar do dispositivo de sombreamento Hauskool foram estudados dois casos, utilizando diferentes métodos: Testes em Laboratório e Testes em Condições Reais. No primeiro foram criadas condições de regime permanente com a utilização de uma caixa de medições, quatro vidros, duas lâmpadas de halogéneo, um termóstato/higrómetro, um multímetro e um piranómetro de termopilha. No caso Testes em Condições Reais foi utilizada a divisão de uma habitação para realizar as medições, dois dataloggers e um piranómetro de termopilha. A diferença entre os métodos utilizados prende-se com o facto de, num caso real, ser impossível não considerar a variação da temperatura ao longo do tempo. O facto de as dimensões da divisão de uma habitação serem muito superiores quando comparado com as dimensões da caixa de medições utilizada, leva a que a temperatura de equilíbrio não seja atingida num curto espaço de tempo. No caso Testes em Laboratório foram analisados casos com e sem sombreamento, em condições de céu limpo e de céu nublado. Para todos os casos analisados, os resultados obtidos referentes ao fator solar com aplicação do dispositivo de sombreamento Hauskool foram inferiores, comparativamente ao estudo sem sombreamento. Para o estudo com sombreamento foram obtidos resultados referentes ao fator solar inferiores para o vidro duplo, com 0,25, face ao vidro simples, com 0,36, para condições de céu limpo. Para condições de céu nublado foi obtido um fator solar de 0,35 e 0,46 para o vidro duplo e simples, respetivamente. No caso Testes em Condições Reais foram realizadas medições nas semanas de 19 a 25 de setembro e de 29 de setembro a 3 de outubro e obtidos resultados referentes ao fator solar de 0,69 para a primeira semana, correspondente ao estudo sem sombreamento, e de 0,24 para a segunda semana, correspondente ao estudo com aplicação do dispositivo de sombreamento Hauskool.
Windows are the most vulnerable elements of a building, being responsible for the higher energy consumption for heating, in winter, and cooling, in summer, accounting for about 30 percent of the wasted energy. Through them occur higher energy losses and air infiltrations, which often affects occupant comfort, making the environment warmer in the summer and colder in the winter. The improvement of its technical characteristics, such as solar factor (𝑔), the type of construction of the building and the characterization of the surrounding and the elements that constitute it – windows and shading mechanisms –, becomes the required components to take into account to define the energy performance of a building. The Hauskool shading device is a blind formed by transparent polyester, metallized polyester (on the back of the blades) and white polyethylene (on the front of the blades), which sticks to the outside of the window. When there is an incidence of solar radiation, there is an expansion reaction that causes the unwinding of the blades, causing them to avoid the passage of much of the incident solar radiation. In order to determinate the solar factor of the Hauskool shading device, two cases were studied: Laboratory Tests and Tests in Real Conditions. In the first one, permanent conditions were created using a measurement box, four glasses, two halogen lamps, a thermostat/hygrometer, a multimeter and a thermopile pyranometer. For Tests in Real Conditions was used the division of a house to perform the measurements, two dataloggers and a thermopile pyranometer. The difference between the used methods relates to the fact that, in a real case, it is impossible not to consider the temperature variation over time. The fact that the dimensions of the room of a dwelling are much higher when compared to the dimensions of the measurement box used, leads to the equilibrium temperature not being reached in a short time. In the Laboratory Tests, cases with and without shading, in conditions of clear and cloudy sky were analyzed. For all the analyzed cases, the results obtained regarding the solar factor with application of the Hauskool shading device were lower, compared to the study without shading. For the study with shading, were obtained lower results for the solar factor for double glass, with 0.25, compared to single glass, with 0.36, for clear sky conditions. For cloudy conditions, was obtained a solar factor of 0.35 and 0.46 for double and single glass, respectively. In the Tests in Real Conditions, measurements were taken in the weeks of September 19 to 25 and September 29 to October 3 and were obtained results referring to the solar factor of 0.69 for the first week, corresponding to the study without shading, and 0.24 for the second week, corresponding to the study with application of the Hauskool shading device.
Frazão, Joana. "Desenvolvimento de formulações cosméticas utilizando produtos apícolas e voláteis de cogumelos silvestres: determinação da estabilidade e toxicidade." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/14424.
Full textO uso de produtos naturais em cosméticos tornou-se bastante popular entre os consumidores devido à ideia de que estes não apresentam efeitos secundários para o ser humano. Contudo, apesar destes produtos existirem e serem utilizados há milhões de anos, a análise dos mesmos foi iniciada apenas recentemente pela comunidade científica. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito de dois produtos apícolas (extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis e dois méis de Lavandula sp. procedentes do Norte e do Sul de Portugal) e de óleos essenciais de duas plantas medicinais caraterísticas da flora de Portugal (Thymus zygis L. subsp zygis e Mentha pulegium L.) nos parâmetros físico-químicos, estabilidade e capacidade de inibição do crescimento microbiano de duas emulsões de aplicação tópica. Foram também avaliadas a toxicidade dos óleos essenciais relativamente à Artemia salina assim como o potencial de irritação ocular das formulações elaboradas. Adicionalmente, foi analisada a composição volátil do extrato obtido a partir do micélio de uma cultura in vitro de Clitocybe odora para futuramente ser incorporado numa formulação cosmética, tendo-se determinado o valor de LC50 do extrato em Artemia salina. Os resultados do teste de estabilidade indicaram que ocorreu separação de fases e liquidificação das amostras, o que poderá estar relacionado com a técnica de manufatura das formulações. Verificou-se que a incorporação dos produtos apícolas não alterou o pH das formulações nem a densidade. No entanto, foram verificadas alterações na viscosidade das mesmas e nos espectros UV-Visível. Em relação ao teste de vibração, não ocorreram alterações nas formulações, o que indica que as mesmas poderão ser transportadas por transporte terrestre sem ocorrerem modificações. O sistema de preservação utilizado, os óleos essenciais de Mentha pulegium e de Thymus zygis subsp. zygis, foi eficaz, não se tendo observado a ocorrência de Resumo Desenvolvimento de formulações cosméticas utilizando produtos apícolas e voláteis de cogumelos silvestres: determinação da estabilidade e toxicidade xiv contaminação das formulações cosméticas. Todas as emulsões demostram ser bacteriostáticas e fungistáticas contra os microrganismos Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Escherichia coli. Verificou-se ainda que as emulsões eram fortemente bacteriostáticas em relação à bactéria Bacillus subtilis. Apesar de os dois produtos apícolas utilizados serem, de acordo com a literatura, bactericidas e fungicidas em relação às espécies utilizadas, a sua utilização não afetou os resultados microbiológicos obtidos quando comparados com o controlo. Os resultados obtidos no teste de toxicidade com Artemia salina indicam que os óleos essenciais de Mentha pulegium e de Thymus zygis subsp. zygis são tóxicos para este crustáceo, tendo-se obtido valores de concentração letal que mata 50% da população (LC50) <100 μg/mL. De acordo com o descrito na literatura, este resultado possivelmente deve-se à toxicidade dos compostos maioritários presentes no óleo essencial de Mentha pulegium e no óleo essencial de Thymus zygis subsp. zygis, a pulegona e o carvacrol respetivamente. Adicionalmente foi avaliado o potencial irritativo ocular das formulações desenvolvidas através do teste hen's egg test–chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM), tendo-se determinado que as mesmas não são irritantes. O fungo Clitocybe odora foi recolhido em Bragança, Portugal tendo-se inoculado o seu micélio em meio Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) e em meio sólido Melin Norkans (MMN incompleto). O micélio foi recolhido do meio MMN incompleto, o qual apresentou maior taxa de crescimento, e foi extraído utilizando o método de extração Likens-Nikerson (LN). Os compostos maioritários detetados no extrato obtido foram o espatulenol e o óxido de β-cariofileno, os quais não são detetados, de acordo com a bibliografia, em amostras silvestres. Este extrato demonstrou ser tóxico para a Artemia salina, com 100% de mortalidade, possivelmente devido à presença do espatulenol, o qual é tóxico para este crustáceo. O espatulenol apresenta diversas aplicações na indústria cosmética e consequentemente o extrato obtido do micélio in vitro de Resumo Desenvolvimento de formulações cosméticas utilizando produtos apícolas e voláteis de cogumelos silvestres: determinação da estabilidade e toxicidade xv Clitocybe odora poderá ser uma fonte de compostos bioativos para incorporar em formulações cosméticas. Os resultados obtidos ao longo deste estudo evidenciam que a incorporação dos produtos apícolas estudados (mel de Lavandula sp. e extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis) e dos dois óleos essenciais de Mentha pulegium e de Thymus zygis subsp. zygis constituem uma alternativa que deverá ser considerada ao serem formulados produtos cosméticos.
The use of natural products in cosmetics became quite popular among the consumers due to the idea that these don’t have secondary effects for the human being. However, although these products exist and have been used for millions of years, their analysis was just recently initiated by the scientific community. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two bee products (hydroalcoholic extract of propolis and two honeys of Lavandula sp. from the north and the south of Portugal) and of essential oils of two medicinal plants characteristic from Portugal (Thymus zygis L. subsp zygis and Mentha pulegium L.) in the physicochemical parameters, stability and in the capacity to inhibit the growth of microorganisms of two formulations of topical application. Was also evaluated the toxicity of the essential oils to Artemia salina as well as the irritant potential in the eyes of the elaborated formulations. Additionally, was analysed the volatile composition of the extract obtained from the mycelium of an in vitro culture of Clitocybe odora to be in the future incorporated in a cosmetic formulation, having been determined the value of LC50 of the extract in Artemia salina. The results of the stability test indicated that occurred phase separation and liquification of the samples, which can be related with the manufacturing technique of the formulation. It was verified that the incorporation of the bee products didn’t changed the pH of the formulations or the density. However, it was observed changes in the viscosity and in UV-Vis spectra. Regarding the vibration test, there were no changes in the formulations, which indicates that they can be transported by land transport without the occurrence of modifications. The preservation system used, the essential oils of Mentha pulegium and of Thymus zygis subsp. zygis, was effective, not having been observed the occurrence of contamination of the cosmetic formulations. All the emulsions demonstrated to be bacteriostatic and fungistatic against the microorganisms Candida albicans, Abstract Desenvolvimento de formulações cosméticas utilizando produtos apícolas e voláteis de cogumelos silvestres: determinação da estabilidade e toxicidade x Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Was also verified that the emulsions were stronger bacteriostatic in relation to the bacteria Bacillus subtilis. Despite the two bee products used are, according to the literature, bactericides and fungicides in relation to the used species, its utilization didn’t affect the microbiological results obtained when compared with the control. The results obtained in the toxicity test with Artemia salina indicate that the essential oils of Mentha pulegium and of Thymus zygis subsp. zygis are toxic for this crustaceous, having been obtained values of lethal concentration that kills 50% of the population (LC50) <100 μg/mL. As described in the literature, this result is due possibly to the toxicity of the main compounds present in the essential oil of Mentha pulegium and in the essential oil of Thymus zygis subsp. zygis, the pulegone and the carvacrol respectively. Furthermore, was evaluated the Irritative eye potential of the developed formulations trough the hen's egg test–chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM), having been determinate that those are not irritants. The fungi Clitocybe odora was collected in Bragança, Portugal and its mycelium was inoculated in Potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) and in incomplete solid Melin Norkans medium (incomplete MMN). The mycelium was collect from incomplete MMN, which showed a better rate of growth, and was extracted using a Likens-Nickerson extraction-distillation method (LN). The main compounds detected in the extract were the spathulenol and β-caryophyllene oxide, which are not found, according to the literature, in wild samples. This extract demonstrated to be toxic for Artemia salina, with 100% of mortality, possibly due to the presence of spathulenol, which is toxic for this crustaceous. The spathulenol presents several applications in the cosmetic industry and therefore the extract obtained from the in vitro mycelium of Clitocybe odora might be a potential source of bioactive compounds to incorporate in cosmetic formulations. The results obtained throughout this study show that the incorporation of the bee products studied (Lavandula sp. honey and propolis hydroalcoholic extract) and the two Abstract Desenvolvimento de formulações cosméticas utilizando produtos apícolas e voláteis de cogumelos silvestres: determinação da estabilidade e toxicidade xi essential oils of Mentha pulegium and Thymus zygis subsp. zygis are an alternative that should be considered when formulating cosmetic products.
Lopes, Ricardo Narciso. "Determinação de propriedades de materiais não homogéneos através do método de homogeneização." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/5825.
Full textGranel, Nelson Luís da Silva. "Determinação de metais em vinho da Madeira e rum da Madeira." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/2346.
Full textSeveral papers have been published on the mineral composition of wines. Among the most studied elements, copper and iron (in wines and spirits beverages) and sodium are only prominent in wines. In the present work, the analytical determinations of these metals were performed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) in Madeira Wine and Rum of Madeira (the latter for the first time). The implementations of the OIV methodologies presented good linearity (R2> 0.999), high sensitivity and precision (good repeatability and reproducibility). Recovery rates were close to 100%. Once validated and analyzed the applicability of the same in the two matrices under study, the variations in the contents of the mentioned elements were studied in samples of Madeira Wine (41 bottles) and Rum of Madeira (34 bottles) based on three parameters. The results obtained by AAS were also compared with the results by colorimetry for copper and iron in Madeira Wine. In Madeira Wine it was observed that only one of the producers has registrations above the maximum limit recommended by the OIV for copper and sodium. The degree of sweetness of wines and age are variables to be taken into consideration, with sweeter wines with a longer ageing, which have higher copper, iron and sodium contents. In Rum of Madeira, the concentration of copper is about three times higher than that of iron, and the samples of Rum Natural are the ones that contribute most to this situation. In the oak wood maturation process, both metals have a growing tendency, more significant in the first years of ageing. The comparison of the results by AAS and colorimetry in Madeira Wine shows that the quantified values tend to be higher in the colorimetry for the two elements under analysis.