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Journal articles on the topic 'Domoic acid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Eilers, P., S. Conrad, and S. Hall. "Domoic acid analysis." Toxicon 34, no. 3 (1996): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(96)81010-5.

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2

Yao, Y., W. H. Nelson, P. Hargraves, and J. Zhang. "UV Resonance Raman Study of Domoic Acid, a Marine Neurotoxic Amino Acid." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 6 (1997): 785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971941296.

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Domoic acid, an amino acid neurotoxin, produces a single intense resonance Raman peak observed at 1652 cm−1 from aqueous solution when excited at either 242 or 257 nm. The detection limits for domoic acid in water are found to be well within those concentrations determined to be representative of values in toxic phytoplankton cells. Examination of cells known to contain identified large amounts of domoic acid shows that domoic acid spectra are sufficiently intensely excited to allow detection in the presence of normal phytoplankton cell constituents within the cell. Single cells from species e

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3

Tasker, R. A. R., B. J. Connell, and S. M. Strain. "Pharmacology of systemically administered domoic acid in mice." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 3 (1991): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-057.

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Domoic acid, a structural analogue of kainic acid, has been identified as the toxin that poisoned people who consumed contaminated blue mussels harvested from eastern Prince Edward Island in December of 1987. To investigate the pharmacology of domoic acid in vivo we injected groups of mice with serial dilutions of extracts of contaminated mussels and verified domoic acid concentrations using high performance liquid chromatography. Mice progressed through a series of behavioural changes that were both reproducible and dose-dependent. These behaviours formed the basis of a rating scale that was

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4

Ramsdell, John, and Frances Gulland. "Domoic Acid Epileptic Disease." Marine Drugs 12, no. 3 (2014): 1185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md12031185.

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5

Kawatsu, Kentaro, Yonekazu Hamano, and Tamao Noguchi. "Determination of Domoic Acid in Japanese Mussels by Enzyme Immunoassay." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 6 (2000): 1384–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.6.1384.

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Abstract Ten samples of commercial blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from Japan were analyzed for domoic acid by an indirect competitive enzyme immunoassay (idc–EIA) based on an anti-domoic acid monoclonal antibody. Domoic acid was found in all samples at low concentrations (0.11–1.81 ng/g mussel tissue). The presence of domoic acid was confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled with immunoaffinity chromatography using an anti-domoic acid monoclonal antibody as ligand. To our knowledge, this is the first reported detection of domoic acid, a causative agent of amnesic shellfish poisoning, in Japane

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6

Mok, Jong-Soo, Ka-Jeong Lee, Ki-Cheol Song, and Ji-Hoe Kim. "Validation of the Analysis of Domoic Acid using High Performance Liquid Chromatography." Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 4 (2010): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2010.43.4.293.

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7

Silvert, W., and D. V. Subba Rao. "Dynamic Model of the Flux of Domoic Acid, a Neurotoxin, through a Mytilus edulis Population." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 2 (1992): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-045.

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A one-compartment computer simulation model was developed to quantify and characterize the accumulation of the neurotoxin domoic acid in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) in Cardigan Bay, Prince Edward Island, Canada. Comparison of simulation results with field abundances of Nitzschia pungens f. multiseries Hasle, a diatom implicated in the production of domoic acid, and with measurements of domoic acid within Nitzschia cells indicates that the rate of accumulation of domoic acid in mussel tissue during peak bloom conditions may involve unexpected physiological feedback processes. At extremely high

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8

Stewart, James E., L. J. Marks, M. W. Gilgan, E. Pfeiffer, and B. M. Zwicker. "Microbial utilization of the neurotoxin domoic acid: blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and soft shell clams (Mya arenaria) as sources of the microorganisms." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 5 (1998): 456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-028.

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The neurotoxin domoic acid is produced in quantity by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and is released to the environment directly and indirectly via food chains. Presumably there is a mechanism for the biodegradation and disposal of domoic acid and as bacteria are logical candidates for such an activity, a search for bacteria competent to carry out biodegradation of domoic acid was initiated. Extensive trials with a wide variety of bacteria isolated mainly from muds and waters taken from the marine environment showed that the ability to grow on or degrade domoic acid was rare; in fact,

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9

Wright, Jeffrey L. C., Michael Falk, A. Gavin McInnes, and John A. Walter. "Identification of isodomoic acid D and two new geometrical isomers of domoic acid in toxic mussels." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 1 (1990): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v90-005.

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Isodomoic acids E and F, two new geometrical isomers of the neurotoxin domoic acid, have been found to occur with domoic acid and isodomoic acid D in extracts of toxic mussels. The entire set of geometrical isomers can be prepared in the laboratory by photolysis. Keywords: amnesic shellfish toxin, domoic acid, isodomoic acid, neurotoxin.

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10

Johannessen, Jan N. "Stability of Domoic Acid in Saline Dosing Solutions." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 2 (2000): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.2.411.

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Abstract Studies designed to assess the effects of repeated low doses of domoic acid require an assessment of its stability in solution under the conditions used for in vivo studies. The stability of 1 mg/mL solutions of domoic acid in saline, with or without ascorbic acid, was determined for 15 weeks. Solutions were refrigerated, but warmed to room temperature for several hours each working day to simulate conditions of actual use. The solutions of domoic acid showed no evidence of decomposition as evidenced by stability of UV absorbance spectrum, concentration of domoic acid as determined by

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11

Falk, Michael, John A. Walter, and Paul W. Wiseman. "Ultraviolet spectrum of domoic acid." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 9 (1989): 1421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-218.

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The ultraviolet spectrum of aqueous domoic acid solutions has an intense absorption band, whose λmax shifts from 240.0 ± 0.3 nm at pH 1.3 to 244.7 ± 0.3 nm at pH 12.3. At the same time, its εmax increases from 24250 to 26700 L mol−1 cm−1. At pH 7 λmax is 242.8 ± 0.3 nm and εmax is 26035 ± 200 L mol−1 cm−1 Analysis of the variation of λmax and εmax with pH allowed us to estimate the values of these quantities for each of the five stages of protonation of domoic acid and to verify the pK values reported by Takemoto and Daigo. Keywords: ultraviolet spectrum, pK values, protonation, domoic acid.

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12

Wright, Jeffrey L. C. "Domoic acid - ten years after." Natural Toxins 6, no. 3-4 (1998): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199805/08)6:3/4<91::aid-nt25>3.0.co;2-e.

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13

Bates, S. S., C. J. Bird, A. S. W. de Freitas, et al. "Pennate Diatom Nitzschia pungens as the Primary Source of Domoic Acid, a Toxin in Shellfish from Eastern Prince Edward Island, Canada." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 7 (1989): 1203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-156.

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An outbreak of food poisoning in Canada during autumn 1987 was traced to cultured blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the Cardigan Bay region of eastern Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.). The toxin, identified as domoic acid, had not previously been found in any shellfish and this outbreak represents the first known occurrence of human poisoning by this neurotoxin. A plankton bloom at the time of the outbreak consisted almost entirely of the pennate diatom, Nitzschia pungens f. multiseries, and a positive correlation was found between the number of N. pungens cells and the concentration of domoic a

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14

Gajski, Goran, Marko Gerić, Ana Baričević, and Mirta Smodlaka Tanković. "Domoic Acid: A Review of Its Cytogenotoxicity Within the One Health Approach." Antioxidants 13, no. 11 (2024): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111366.

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In this review, we toxicologically assessed the naturally occurring toxin domoic acid. We used the One Health approach because the impact of domoic acid is potentiated by climate change and water pollution on one side, and reflected in animal health, food security, human diet, and human health on the other. In a changing environment, algal blooms are more frequent. For domoic acid production, the growth of Pseudo-nitzschia diatoms is of particular interest. They produce this toxin, whose capability of accumulation and biomagnification through the food web impacts other organisms in the ecosyst

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15

McKibben, S. Morgaine, William Peterson, A. Michelle Wood, Vera L. Trainer, Matthew Hunter, and Angelicque E. White. "Climatic regulation of the neurotoxin domoic acid." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 2 (2017): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606798114.

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Domoic acid is a potent neurotoxin produced by certain marine microalgae that can accumulate in the foodweb, posing a health threat to human seafood consumers and wildlife in coastal regions worldwide. Evidence of climatic regulation of domoic acid in shellfish over the past 20 y in the Northern California Current regime is shown. The timing of elevated domoic acid is strongly related to warm phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Oceanic Niño Index, an indicator of El Niño events. Ocean conditions in the northeast Pacific that are associated with warm phases of these indices, inclu

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16

Debonnel, Guy, Michel Weiss, and Claude de Montigny. "Reduced neuroexcitatory effect of domoic acid following mossy fiber denervation of the rat dorsal hippocampus: further evidence that toxicity of domoic acid involves kainate receptor activation." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 67, no. 8 (1989): 904–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y89-142.

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Domoic acid, an excitatory amino acid structurally related to kainic acid, has been shown to be responsible for the severe intoxication presented, in 1987, by more than one hundred and fifty people having eaten mussels grown in Prince Edward Island (Canada). Unitary extracellular recordings were obtained from pyramidal neurons of the CA3 region of the rat dorsal hippocampus. The excitatory effects of microiontophoretic applications of domoic acid and of the agonists of the two other subtypes of glutamatergic receptors, quisqualate and N-methyl-D-aspartate, were compared on intact and colchicin

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17

Lawrence, James F., Claudette F. Charbonneau, and Cathie Ménard. "Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Domoic Acid in Mussels, Using AOAC Paralytic Shellfish Poison Extraction Procedure: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, no. 1 (1991): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.1.68.

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Abstract A liquid chromatographic method using the AOAC paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) extraction procedure for domoic acid, a marine toxin, in mussel tissue was collaboratively studied in 10 laboratories. Domoic acid is extracted by boiling the homogenized tissue for 5 min with 0.1N HCI. The mixture is cooled, diluted to a known volume, and then centrifuged. An aliquot of the supernate Is diluted, filtered, and analyzed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and water adjusted to about pH 2.5. Each collaborator received a prepared standard solutio

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18

Falk, Michael, Ping F. Seto, and John A. Walter. "Solubility of domoic acid in water and in non-aqueous solvents." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 11 (1991): 1740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-255.

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The solubility of domoic acid (DA) in H2O and D2O, in aqueous NaCl solution and in several non-aqueous solvents was measured by NMR and UV spectroscopies. The solubility in water is comparable with that of aminoacids such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid. It is markedly pH-dependent, passing through a minimum at the isoelectric point, the increase towards both higher and lower pH values indicating that the anionic and cationic forms are more soluble than the neutral form. The effect of NaCl on the solubility of DA in water is negligible. The solubility of DA in alcohols is lower than in wate

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19

Cook, Peter, Colleen Reichmuth, and Frances Gulland. "Rapid behavioural diagnosis of domoic acid toxicosis in California sea lions." Biology Letters 7, no. 4 (2011): 536–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0127.

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Domoic acid is a neurotoxic metabolite of widely occurring algal blooms that has caused multiple marine animal stranding events. Exposure to high doses of domoic acid, a glutamate agonist, may lead to persistent medial temporal seizures and damage to the hippocampus. California sea lions ( Zalophus californianus ) are among the most visible and frequent mammalian victims of domoic acid poisoning, but rapid, reliable diagnosis in a clinical setting has proved difficult owing to the fast clearance of the toxin from the blood stream. Here, we show that the behavioural orienting responses of stran

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20

Debonnel, Guy, Luc Beauchesne, and Claude de Montigny. "Domoic acid, the alleged "mussel toxin," might produce its neurotoxic effect through kainate receptor activation: an electrophysiological study in the rat dorsal hippocampus." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 67, no. 1 (1989): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y89-005.

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Domoic acid, an excitatory amino acid structurally related to kainate, was recently identified as being presumably responsible for the recent severe intoxication presented by more than 100 people having eaten mussels grown in Prince Edward Island (Canada). The amino acid kainate has been shown to be highly neurotoxic to the hippocampus, which is the most sensitive structure in the central nervous system. The present in vivo electrophysiological studies were undertaken to determine if domoic acid exerts its neurotoxic effect via kainate receptor activation. Unitary extracellular recordings were

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21

Wright, J. L. C., R. K. Boyd, A. S. W. de Freitas, et al. "Identification of domoic acid, a neuroexcitatory amino acid, in toxic mussels from eastern Prince Edward Island." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 3 (1989): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-075.

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The causative agent of toxicity in cultured mussels from a localized area of eastern Prince Edward Island has been identified as domoic acid, a neuroexcitatory amino acid. The toxin was isolated by a number of different bioassay-directed separation techniques including high-performance liquid chromatography, high-voltage paper electrophoresis, and ion-exchange chromatography, and characterized by a number of spectroscopic techniques including ultraviolet, infrared, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The isolation and purification methods are described in detail and some new ana

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22

Mok, Jong-Soo, Tae-Seek Lee, Eun-Gyoung Oh, Kwang-Tae Son, Hye-Jin Hwang, and Ji-Hoe Kim. "Stability of Domoic Acid at Different Temperature, pH and Light." Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 1 (2009): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2009.42.1.008.

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23

TODD, EWEN C. D. "Domoic Acid and Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning - A Review." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 1 (1993): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.1.69.

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A new type of seafood toxicity, called amnesic shellfish poisoning, was described from 107 human cases after individuals consumed mussels containing domoic acid harvested from Prince Edward Island, Canada, in 1987. Most of these cases experienced gastroenteritis, and many older persons or others with underlying chronic illnesses developed neurologic symptoms including memory loss. Standard treatment procedures for the neurologic condition were not effective and three patients died. Domoic acid is a known neurototoxin, and it is believed that in these cases enough toxin was absorbed through the

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24

Clayden, Jonathan, Benjamin Read, and Katherine R. Hebditch. "Chemistry of domoic acid, isodomoic acids, and their analogues." Tetrahedron 61, no. 24 (2005): 5713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2005.04.003.

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25

Pulido, Olga. "Domoic Acid Toxicologic Pathology: A Review." Marine Drugs 6, no. 2 (2008): 180–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md6020180.

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26

LAWRENCE, J. F., B. D. PAGE, and P. M. SCOTT. "DETERMINATION OF DOMOIC ACID IN SHELLFISH." Mycotoxins 1988, no. 1Supplement (1988): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2520/myco1975.1988.1supplement_15.

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27

Mos, Lizzy. "Domoic acid: a fascinating marine toxin." Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 9, no. 3 (2001): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1382-6689(00)00065-x.

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28

Costa, Lucio G., Gennaro Giordano, and Elaine M. Faustman. "Domoic acid as a developmental neurotoxin." NeuroToxicology 31, no. 5 (2010): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2010.05.003.

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29

Vranyac-Tramoundanas, Alexandra, Joanne C. Harrison, Andrew N. Clarkson, et al. "Domoic Acid Impairment of Cardiac Energetics." Toxicological Sciences 105, no. 2 (2008): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfn132.

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30

Wright, Jeffrey. "Editorial: Domoic acid 30 years on." Harmful Algae 79 (November 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2018.10.003.

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31

Iverson, Frank, and John Truelove. "Toxicology and seafood toxins: Domoic acid." Natural Toxins 2, no. 5 (1994): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nt.2620020514.

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32

Hernández R., Esteban, Javier Ilabaca S., Irene Montoya C, and Americo López R. "Cuantificación de ácido domoico en moluscos bivalvos de las costas chilenas y su relación con el nivel internacionalmente aceptado." Revista Chilena de Estudiantes de Medicina 1, no. 1 (2001): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0718-672x.2001.72534.

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Red tides along Chilean coast have shown an important impact in public health and represent a permanent danger to the national fishcry industry. This occurs because there has been potentially toxic biotoxin detected, called domoic acid, also known as seafood amnesic venom. There has been an international limit leve] established in concentrations of 20 μg/g of seafood. This is why we have considered it important to determine if domoic acid leve Is in Chilean seafood are following the international standards. Methods. Domoic acid levels detected were analyzed through HPLC/UV, newly implernented

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33

Preston, Edward, and Ivo Hynie. "Transfer Constants for Blood-Brain Barrier Permeation of the Neuroexcitatory Shellfish Toxin, Domoic Acid." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 18, no. 1 (1991): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100031279.

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ABSTRACT:The cause of the toxic mussel poisoning episode in 1987 was traced to a plankton-produced excitotoxin, domoic acid. Experiments were undertaken to quantitate the degree to which blood-borne domoic acid can permeate the microvasculature to enter the brain. Pentobarbital-anesthetized, adult rats received an i.v. injection of 3H-domoic acid which was permitted to circulate for 3-60 min. Transfer constants (Ki) describing blood-to-brain diffusion of tracer were calculated from analysis of the relationship between brain vs plasma radioactivity with time. Mean values (mL.g-1.s-1 x 106) for

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34

Walter, John A., Donald M. Leek, and Michael Falk. "NMR study of the protonation of domoic acid." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 4 (1992): 1156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-151.

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The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the amnesic shellfish poison, domoic acid, in H2O and D2O solutions have been studied as a function of pH or pD. The results yielded the NMR spectral parameters for each of the five protonation stages of domoic acid, provided accurate pKa values, and enabled each pKa to be associated with a particular protonation site.

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35

Novaczek, I., M. S. Madhyastha, R. F. Ablett, et al. "Depuration of Domoic Acid from Live Blue Mussels (Mytilus edulis)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 2 (1992): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-035.

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Industrial depuration may provide a means of removing domoic acid toxin from blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Mussels containing up to 50 μg domoic acid∙g−1 were transported from a Prince Edward Island estuary into controlled laboratory conditions to test the effects of temperature, salinity, mussel size, and feeding upon depuration. Fifty percent of toxin was eliminated within 24 h. After 72 h, mussels were either clean or contained, on average, only residual levels of toxin (< 5 μg∙g−1), regardless of conditions. Exponential depuration curves were fitted to the domoic acid concentration dat

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36

Ventoso, Pablo, Antonio J. Pazos, Juan Blanco, M. Luz Pérez-Parallé, Juan C. Triviño, and José L. Sánchez. "Transcriptional Response in the Digestive Gland of the King Scallop (Pecten maximus) After the Injection of Domoic Acid." Toxins 13, no. 5 (2021): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13050339.

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Some diatom species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce the toxin domoic acid. The depuration rate of domoic acid in Pecten maximus is very low; for this reason, king scallops generally contain high levels of domoic acid in their tissues. A transcriptomic approach was used to identify the genes differentially expressed in the P. maximus digestive gland after the injection of domoic acid. The differential expression analysis found 535 differentially expressed genes (226 up-regulated and 309 down-regulated). Protein–protein interaction networks obtained with the up-regulated genes were enriche

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37

ARAPOV, J., I. UJEVIĆ, D. MARIĆ PFANNKUCHEN, et al. "Domoic acid in phytoplankton net samples and shellfish from the Krka River estuary in the Central Adriatic Sea." Mediterranean Marine Science 17, no. 2 (2015): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1471.

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This paper deals with the precise identification of species of Pseudo-nitzschia, focusing on those which are a potential source of domoic acid, from the Krka River estuary of the Central Adriatic Sea. Domoic acid was measured in phytoplankton net samples and shellfish collected in the winter and early spring of 2011 and 2012. Domoic acid was only detected in early March 2011, both in plankton net samples and shellfish extracts, during a Pseudo-nitzschia species bloom. The measured concentrations of particulate domoic acid (DA) in filtered concentrated seawater varied from 3.1˗6.2 ng DA ml-1. I

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38

Ventoso, Pablo, Antonio J. Pazos, M. Luz Pérez-Parallé, Juan Blanco, Juan C. Triviño, and José L. Sánchez. "Aequipecten opercularis) Digestive Gland after Exposure to Domoic Acid-Producing Pseudo-nitzschia." Toxins 11, no. 2 (2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11020097.

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Some species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce the toxin domoic acid, which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). Given that bivalve mollusks are filter feeders, they can accumulate these toxins in their tissues. To elucidate the transcriptional response of the queen scallop Aequipecten opercularis after exposure to domoic acid-producing Pseudo-nitzschia, the digestive gland transcriptome was de novo assembled using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Then, a differential gene expression analysis was performed. After the assembly, 142,137 unigenes were obtained, and a total of 10,144 gene

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39

Vale, P., and M. A. M. Sampayo. "Domoic acid in Portuguese shellfish and fish." Toxicon 39, no. 6 (2001): 893–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-0101(00)00229-4.

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40

Takata, Yoshinobu, Shigeru Sato, Dao Viet Ha, et al. "Occurrence of domoic acid in tropical bivalves." Fisheries Science 75, no. 2 (2009): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12562-009-0073-5.

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41

Jakobsen, B., A. Tasker, and J. Zimmer. "Domoic acid neurotoxicity in hippocampal slice cultures." Amino Acids 23, no. 1-3 (2002): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-001-0107-5.

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42

Bates, Stephen S. "DOMOIC‐ACID‐PRODUCING DIATOMS: ANOTHER GENUS ADDED!" Journal of Phycology 36, no. 6 (2000): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.03661.x.

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43

Breton, P., X. Manciaux, J. C. Bizot, I. de la Manche, and J. Buee. "Domoic acid neurotoxicity: Electrophysiological and behavioral investigations." Toxicon 34, no. 10 (1996): 1084–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(96)83805-0.

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44

Lefebvre, Kathi A., Elizabeth R. Frame, and Preston S. Kendrick. "Domoic acid and fish behavior: A review." Harmful Algae 13 (January 2012): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2011.09.011.

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45

Dakshinamurti, K., S. K. Sharma, and M. Sundaram. "Domoic acid induced seizure activity in rats." Neuroscience Letters 127, no. 2 (1991): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(91)90792-r.

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Garthwaite, Ian, Kathryn M. Ross, Christopher O. Miles, et al. "Polyclonal antibodies to domoic acid, and their use in immunoassays for domoic acid in sea water and shellfish." Natural Toxins 6, no. 3-4 (1998): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199805/08)6:3/4<93::aid-nt15>3.0.co;2-9.

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Wu, Dong-mei, Jun Lu, Yan-qiu Zhang, et al. "Ursolic acid improves domoic acid-induced cognitive deficits in mice." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 271, no. 2 (2013): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2013.04.038.

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Rao, D. V. Subba, M. A. Quilliam, and R. Pocklington. "Domoic Acid—A Neurotoxic Amino Acid Produced by the Marine Diatom Nitzschia pungens in Culture." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 12 (1988): 2076–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-241.

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Abstract:

During late 1987, an outbreak of poisoning resulting from the ingestion of cultivated blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from a localized area in eastern Canada (Cardigan Bay, Prince Edward Island) was associated with massive blooms of Nitzschia pungens, a widely distributed diatom not previously known to produce toxins; human fatalities resulted. Here we provide proof that the causative agent, domoic acid, is indeed produced by this diatom. Although no domoic acid could be detected (<2 ng∙mL−1) in culture medium (FE) prepared from Cardigan River water, it was found in cultures of Nitzschia pung

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Walter, John A., Michael Falk, and Jeffrey L. C. Wright. "Chemistry of the shellfish toxin domoic acid: characterization of related compounds." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 2 (1994): 430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-064.

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Abstract:

Five new compounds related to the neurotoxin domoic acid have been characterized by spectroscopic methods. They include a diastereoisomer that occurs naturally with domoic acid in mussels and four hydrogenation products. The stereochemistry of the two epimeric tetrahydro derivatives could not be assigned on the basis of the NMR data alone because of high conformational flexibility. However, a clear-cut assignment was possible by molecular modelling in combination with the NMR data.

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Tasker, Andrew, and Sandra M. Strain. "Morphine differentially affects domoic acid and kainic acid toxicity in vivo." NeuroReport 3, no. 9 (1992): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199209000-00017.

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