Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Données de terrain'
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Desachy, Bruno. "De la formalisation du traitement des données stratigraphiques en archéologie de terrain." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00406241.
Full textLe volume 2 présente les outils informatiques issus de ce travail : le module de création de diagrammes stratigraphiques Le Stratifiant, et l'exemple de base de données Stratibase.
Rodrigues, Nuno Teixeira. "Fracturation hydraulique et forces de courant : modélisation analogique et données de terrain." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S105.
Full textTo understand the importance of the seepage forces applied by an overpressured fluid on the solid skeleton of a granular and permeable material we did a mechanical analysis that showed that if an overpressured fluid flows vertically through an isotropic elastic material in lithostatic conditions, it generates horizontal fractures when the fluid pressure surpasses the weight of the overburden and its tensile strength. We think that bedding parallel fibrous calcite veins (“beef”) and sand injectites formed in similar way. The study on “beef” within a source rock of hydrocarbons (Neuquén Basin, Argentina) suggested that the beef opened in pure vertical dilation when the source rock was generating hydrocarbons. Physical models showed that a variety of different shapes of sand injectites can form controlled by the seepage forces and the flexural resistance. The experimental data correlate well with seismic data from the North Sea
Hama, Meriem. "Glissements de terrain : base de données et méthode des perturbations en 3D." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0006.
Full textConsideration of natural hazards is not new. Management of these risks is developed little by little. The subject of research has been made in the context of a project W. A. S. S. S. (Wide Area Slope Stability Server). This server is support to a database, regrouping cases of landslides and relative information. This database is interest because the collection of data will serve to studies of risks. In its second part, this work of research approaches some stability methods of slopes, and proposes the extension of the method of perturbations in 3D, that we have applied on two cases: case theoretical of Ugaï (1988), and a real case, the landslide of Salle Beaumont (Isere), that in 1994 bad made four victims. This landslide occurred on a zone declared without apparent risk
Schlupp, Antoine. "Néotectonique de la Mongolie occidentale analysée à partir de données de terrain, sismologiques et satellitaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13100.
Full textBlusson, Annick. "Étude structurale du faisceau de failles des Cévennes (France) à l'aide de données multiples : télédétection, terrain, géophysique." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112093.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to test and evaluate the contribution of different methods and diverse data types to a structural geology regional study. The test zone is the Cevennes fracture zone, an important structure of the South of France, which has already been studied tectonically. In order to apprehend the subject at different scales, diverses data types are used: field microtectonics measurements, aerial photographies, radar images (JPL), SpaceLab photographies, Landsat images (MSS, RBV, TM) and geophysical data. The contribution of each data type and of various data processes to fracturation recognition is evaluated. The superimposition of the images is realized. This allows us to compare directly data of various origins and geometries. The results show that each scale of work is important and that their contributions complementary. Some data processes, such as contour analysis and fracturation rose diagrams drawing, are developed, tested then applied to other data types (ex: Spacelab). Recent data (Spacelab, TM…) have a very good quality and their contribution could be improved in further studies. Geophysics only allows a large scale study in this region because the available data are imprecise and heterogeneous. The development of an automatic method of statistical study of fracturation gives us hope, in the near future, of the development of a semi-automatic work station allowing a quick realization o fracturation studies from various image types
Duprat-Oualid, Sylvia. "Évolution thermique et mécanique des zones de cisaillement : approche analytique, numérique et confrontation aux données de terrain." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S128/document.
Full textShear zones are common structural features in the lithosphere and occur at various scales (from microscopic to lithospheric). At the lithospheric scale, they concentrate most of the relative movements between tectonic plates, and therefore, accommodate a high amount of strain. Consequently, the understanding of both their spatial and temporal mechanical behaviour is crucial for the general knowledge of the lithosphe dynamics. Rheology of rocks, which define their mechanical behaviour, is controlled by physical laws that predict how they deform under some stresses. Temperature plays a major role in the creep-dislocation behaviour, which characterizes the ductile domain (in depth), decreasing efficiently the rock strength. Furthermore, each rock has intrinsic mechanical properties, which depend on its mineralogical composition, texture and internal structures. However, due to the lack of data directly measurable deeper than a few kilometres, the lithosphere rheology, and in particular the continental lithosphere remains subject to drastically different interpretations. The mechanical behaviour of major shear zones is not fully understood, as they are the location of intense changes of both the rock internal nature and major thermal perturbations. Especially, the mechanical energy, converted into heat (shear heating) causes a close interaction between thermal ad mechanical evolutions. This thesis aims to better understand the rheological state of lithospheric scale shear zones. For this purpose, we used an original approach, based on the temperature field evolution around and within such shear zones. From 2D numerical thermo-kinematic models and analytical developments, the first order variability of thermal evolution and perturbation is anal- ysed and quantified with respect to the impact of three major thermal processes, defined as diffusion, advection and shear heating. Results are compared to metamorphic thermal signatures associated to intra-continental thrust zones for which the influence of both accretion and erosion was also investigated. The case of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in the Himalayas, whose the inverse metamorphic thermal zonation has been extensively studied, was chosen as the main natural analogue. Our quantitative results highlight the crucial role of shear heating, and more particularly of mechanical strength variability within shear zones. We thus emphasise on the importance of rock creep parameters. The study of centimetre-scale shear zones, which developed within the granodiorite of the Zillertal nappe (Tauern window, Tyrol, Alps) thanks to little local variations of the mineralogical composition, reveals the extreme sensitivity of igneous rocks rheology, representative of the continental crust. The consequences of such an intense variability, revealed at small scale are finally discussed with regard to rheologies usually considered in models that focus on processes controlling lithosphere dynamics
Beaulier, François. "Transmission de données en temps réel en milieu perturbé, conception et réalisation d'un système anti-collision : réseau hertzien, bus de terrain, protocole, capteur." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120023.
Full textGaltié, Jean-François. "Information géographique numérique pour l'environnement : approche hiérarchique, modélisation et gestion prévisionnelle du risque incendie en région méditerranéenne : couplage données terrain : données de télédétection-video et intégration opérationnelle sous SIG." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20045.
Full textThis research aims at improving fire risk forecast in mediterranean shrubs environment. It has been carried out in the hilly wildlands of aspres, in the french eastern pyrenees, a region which is, at regular intervals, devastated by wildfires. The research project was designed in order to achieve two purposes : - on the one hand, the effectiviness of early detection of fire risk by remote sensing, from fuel spectral responses charateristics, had to be checked and confirmed according to the range of observation scales, within a hierarchical approach. - on the other hand, the final purpose of the work was to implement a methodological and operational framework for forecasting and managing fire risk according to the needs of the fire-fighting authorities in relation to decision support. The first objective was carried through by means of coupling both ground and remotly sensed data and of modelling plant fire susceptibility, controlled by fuel inflammability and combustibility, from relationships between biological and plant water status parameters on the one hand and, on the other hand, the potentially dectectable spectral charateristics of fuel. The three spectral bands of the experimental video device were then put to the test. A fire susceptibility biological index (fisbi), worked from mir data, has been suggested. Modelling was realized according the growing observation scales, from elementary plant particle to plant and vegetation cover. The design of the early fire detection and warning system rest on the previous modelling features and was built from and airbone video sensor with real-time ground data transmission, a gps and a gis for managing and bringing up-to-and date the fire risk maps. A full-size validation was carried through in the aspres during the summer of 1996 with the regional fire-fighting authorities
Batton-Hubert, Mireille. "Intégration d'une simulation spatio-temporelle à un modèle topologique et numérique de terrain." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066116.
Full textKasperski, Johan. "Confrontation des données de terrain et de l'imagerie multi-sources pour la compréhension de la dynamique des mouvements de versants." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00380467.
Full textForest, Caroline. "Comparaison des données spectroradiométriques et de terrain pour l'évaluation de la dégradation des sols, dans le sud-est de l'Espagne." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11099.
Full textBertrand, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude de l'environnement et de la dynamique des mangroves de Guinée : données de terrain et apport de la télédétection." Bordeaux 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR30011.
Full textThe ecological functioning and the agro-silvical mangement of the guinean mangrove swamps depend on a sedimentary dynamic which is greatly unstable. The latter brings about the evolution of the tidal inondation classes which, in spite of some approximations, form the most useful framework for a classification process and a management scheme. Physiology and habitat change of mangrove communities are closely related both to the continental morphogenic evolution and the hydro-climatic variability in connection with the marginal latitude of the guinean coastal plain. Thus, the unstability of the substrata has a strong influence on the managements impacts, especially those of rice cultivation reclaimed areas which are rapidly extending up to the sea shore. The analysis of spectral signatures based on the analogic comparison between spot colored composite and infrared colour photographs allows the mapping of vegetal and agro-ecological landscape at medium scales. The computer processing techniques help to improve the discrimination between some of these landscapes and to state precisely the correlation between ecosystem dynamicfs and the evolution of backward and foreward environments. High resolution satellite data provide accurate information for the ecological survey of mangroves characterized by unstable conditions of development such as in guinea
Ondo, Assoumou Emmanuel. "Dynamique des paysages végétaux du littoral centre-ouest du Gabon autour de Port-Gentil : approche spatiale et analyse des données de terrain." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30044.
Full textThis work, centered on the space-time of the vegetable landscapes and morphodynamic variations of the feature of coast of the area of Port-Gentil, is a contribution to the reflexion on the problems related to the coastal zones vis-a-vis on the future fluctuations (climatic changes, rise in the sea level). The object of this study is to try, starting from the conceptual tools (concepts of landscape and dynamics) and methodological (statements of ground: transects and small squares, of the topographic charts and the teledetection: air photographs and satellite images), on the one hand, to inventory and characterize the vegetable landscapes. In addition, we plan to include/understand and follow the evolution of the coastal vegetable formations and the speed of the evolution of the feature of coast, by locating the accretion sectors and the sectors in erosion of the area of Port-Gentil. The study of the vegetable structure also made it possible to highlight the various strategies of space conquest and the models of occupation of space used by the mangroves and Melaleuca leucadendron)
Mascret, Ariane. "Développement d'une approche SIG pour l'intégration de données Terre/Mer." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00542500.
Full textAubry, Laurent. "Acquisition, traitement et restitution des données d'une reconnaissance achéologique : la ville gallo-romaine du Vieil-Evreux." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066008.
Full textTrudel, Mélanie. "Analyse du couvert nival à l'aide de données radar polarimétriques multifréquences et des mesures terrain de la campagne CLPX (cold-land processes field experiments)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2517.
Full textSurdyk, Sylviane. "Etudes des signatures spectrales micro-ondes obtenues par télédétection sur la calotte polaire antarctique : comparaison avec des données de terrain et modélisation de l'émissivité de la neige." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765202.
Full textGauthier, Elodie. "Collecter, Transcrire, Analyser : quand la machine assiste le linguiste dans son travail de terrain." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM011/document.
Full textIn the last few decades, many scientists were concerned with the fast extinction of languages. Faced with this alarming decline of the world's linguistic heritage, action is urgently needed to enable fieldwork linguists, at least, to document languages by providing them innovative collection tools and to enable them to describe these languages. Machine assistance might be interesting to help them in such a task.This is what we propose in this work, focusing on three pillars of the linguistic fieldwork: collection, transcription and analysis.Recordings are essential, since they are the source material, the starting point of the descriptive work. Speech recording is also a valuable object for the documentation of the language.The growing proliferation of smartphones and other interactive voice mobile devices offer new opportunities for fieldwork linguists and researchers in language documentation. Field recordings should also include ethnolinguistic material which is particularly valuable to document traditions and way of living. However, large data collections require well organized repositories to access the content, with efficient file naming and metadata conventions.Thus, we have developed LIG-AIKUMA, a free Android app running on various mobile phones and tablets. The app aims to record speech for language documentation, over an innovative way.It includes a smart generation and handling of speaker metadata as well as respeaking and parallel audio data mapping.LIG-AIKUMA proposes a range of different speech collection modes (recording, respeaking, translation and elicitation) and offers the possibility to share recordings between users. Through these modes, parallel corpora are built such as "under-resourced speech - well-resourced speech", "speech - image", "speech - video", which are also of a great interest for speech technologies, especially for unsupervised learning.After the data collection step, the fieldwork linguist transcribes these data. Nonetheless, it can not be done -currently- on the whole collection, since the task is tedious and time-consuming.We propose to use automatic techniques to help the fieldwork linguist to take advantage of all his speech collection. Along these lines, automatic speech recognition (ASR) is a way to produce transcripts of the recordings, with a decent quality.Once the transcripts are obtained (and corrected), the linguist can analyze his data. In order to analyze the whole collection collected, we consider the use of forced alignment methods. We demonstrate that such techniques can lead to fine evaluation of linguistic features. In return, we show that modeling specific features may lead to improvements of the ASR systems
Martinet, Lucie. "Réseaux dynamiques de terrain : caractérisation et propriétés de diffusion en milieu hospitalier." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1010/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on tools whose aim is to extract structural and temporal properties of dynamic networks as well as diffusion characteristics which can occur on these networks. We work on specific data, from the European MOSAR project, including the network of individuals proximity from time to time during 6 months at the Brek-sur-Mer Hospital. The studied network is notable because of its three dimensions constitution : the structural one induced by the distribution of individuals into distinct services, the functional dimension due to the partition of individual into groups of socio-professional categories and the temporal dimension.For each dimension, we used tools well known from the areas of statistical physics as well as graphs theory in order to extract information which enable to describe the network properties. These methods underline the specific structure of the contacts distribution which follows the individuals distribution into services. We also highlight strong links within specific socio-professional categories. Regarding the temporal part, we extract circadian and weekly patterns and quantify the similarities of these activities. We also notice distinct behaviour within patients and staff evolution. In addition, we present tools to compare the network activity within two given periods. To finish, we use simulations techniques to extract diffusion properties of the network to find some clues in order to establish a prevention policy
Hermann, Frédéric. "Contribution à la répartition des traitements et des données sur une architecture distribuée équipée d'un réseau de terrain FIP : application à un processus thermique pilote." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10265.
Full textThis work deals with the possibility to allocate the tasks of Distributed Intelligence Base Automation Systems (DIBAS) on a distributed material architecture. In the first part, we show the evolution of Automatic Systems of Production (ASP) in order to attempt the concept of Distributed Intelligence Base Automation Systems (DIBAS). The problems which are encountered in order to build a functional specification of DIBAS are described. Then, a methodological approach proposes a functionnal model for a DIBAS, including the main functions of an Automation system, and allows to develop the number of tasks. In a second part, after a study of the main allocation strategies, a method is described to distribute a validated functional architecture onto the material architecture. An integer programming approach is developed. The algorithm proposed takes into account the criteria and constraints of the functional architecture and the material architecture. This algorithm is allowed to allocate the different tasks onto the material architecture. In order to elaborate an operational architecture, a pilot thermal process is used to validate and to test this architecture. Finally an optimal dimension about the material architecture is obtained and the result is called a validated operational architecture. The aim of this work in the future is to propose a set of tools in order to achieve the design of DIBAS
Carvalho, Vitor Celso de. "Structure et dynamique de la végétation en milieu tropical semi-aride : la Caatinga de Quixaba (Pernambouc, Brésil) du terrain à l'analyse des données MSS/LANDSAT." Toulouse 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU20031.
Full textSatellite remote sensing is more used as a tool for monitoring the tropical semiarid ecosystems. In this work we propose to do an estimation of practicability and limits of mss landsat datas, from a test region of brazilian nordeste, north of Petrolina (pe) the first part deals with the finalization of a structural classification of the steppe (Caatinga) vegetation and its application to the test region. Then, a 1 100 000 scale structural mapping, drawn from the 1955,1965 and 1983 aerial photographs, allows to discuss the signification of aerial photographic structure perception, and to analyse the 1955-1983 caatinga evolution. At last, the results of four mss landsat scenes (1973,1974 and 1983) numerical processing, are estimated, by comparison to vegetation structure maps : while in these maps, 15 thematic classes are distinguished, only 7 are available on the classified picture. In practice, the whole analysis show that the main characteristics of 1955-1983 landcape evolution are : a clear expansion of agricultural area (mainly after 1974) and, in all probability, a notable stability of Caatinga
Lissak, Candide. "Les glissements de terrain des versants côtiers du Pays d'Auge (Calvados) : Morphologie, fonctionnement et gestion du risque." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781940.
Full textGenevaux, Jean-David. "Représentation, modélisation et génération procédurale de terrains." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22013/document.
Full textThis PhD (entitled "Representation, modelisation and procedural generation of terrains") is related to movie and videogames digital content creation, especially natural scenes.Our work is dedicated to handle and to generate landscapes efficently. We propose a new model based on a construction tree inside which the user can handle parts of the terrain intuitively. We also present techniques to efficently visualize such model. Finally, we present a new algorithm for generating large-scale terrains exhibiting hierarchical structures based on their hydrographic networks: elevation is generated in a broad compliance to water-tansport principles without having to resort on costly hydraulic simulations
Vaniscotte, Amélie. "Éléments d'écologie de la transmission d'Echinococcus multilocularis en Chine (Sichuan) Modélisation des distributions spatiales des communautés et populations des hôtes : des données de terrain aux prédictions." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00483842.
Full textVaniscotte, Amélie. "Eléments d'écologie de la transmission d'echinococcus multilocularis en Chine (Sichuan) : modélisation des distributions spatiales de communautés et populations des hôtes : des données de terrain aux prédictions." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA2026.
Full textThis thesis concerns the transmission ecology of the parasite cestode Echinococcus multilocularis which larval stage, transmitted from canid faeces to small mammals, can accidentally cause a fatal zoonosis in humans : the alveolar echinococcosis. In China, where the highest prevalences in the world have been observed, interdisciplinary researches have outlined that some anthropogenic disturbances of ecosystems can increase the transmission risk of the parasite. We attempted to quantify, spatialize and when possible predict some ;X the ecological factors influencing parasite transmission in the Sichuan province (China) : i) the spatial distributions of small mammal assemblages and ii) the domestic dog behaviors involved in the transmission. Small mammal assemblages were defined from trapping data sets collected in two study sites situated on the Tibetan plateau spurs. The spatial distributions of their habitats were modelled as a function of some environmental factors extracted from satellite data and using several modelling techniques. Non linear multiple regressions (MARS) best discriminated assemblages along elevation, slope, ETM band 7 and vegetation indices (NDVI and EVI) gradients. However, predictions of the locally trained models were not transferable on a data set distant from one hundred km. Classification model trained on the whole regional data set was a more appropriate method to predict assemblage distribution within a regional extent. The defecation behaviors and space utilizations of domestic dogs were investigated in 4 villages of the Tibetan plateau. The estimation of fecal prevalences by PCR emphasized the dominant role of dogs in human environment contamination in comparison to foxes. Faeces and their contaminations were aggregated around habitations (from 0 to 200 m) where the transmission risk might be particularly high. Moreover, analysis of nocturnal dog trajectories shown that dogs spend the majority of their time around their owners' houses and that they can travelled excursive paths outside the mean activity area of the village dog populations where small mammal presence indices were the most frequent. Our analysis done with statistical and spatial ecology tools allows to estimate and model ecological parameters useful to understand and prevent the transmission risk and that are incorporable in epidemiological models. Prediction errors and limitations of our conclusions call for the research of a better adequacy between eco-epidemiological data collection and the diversity of tools available to analyze them
François, Stéphanie. "Etude du comportement atmosphérique des hydroperoxydes et des composés carbonylés : développement instrumental et études de terrain." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11015.
Full textDo, Hiep-Thuan. "Extensibilité des moyens de traitements pour les données issues des vastes systèmes d'informations géographiques." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660083.
Full textSpence, Stephen. "Une étude du lien entre la productivité et la bienfaisance des entreprises : une présentation des données provenant d'une expérience sur terrain de l'industrie sylvicole en Colombie-Britannique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26592.
Full textAbdallah, Mouhammed. "Vulnérabilité des ouvrages en maçonnerie à des mouvements de terrain : méthodologie d'analyse par méthodes statistiques et par plans d'expériences numériques sur les données de la ville de Joeuf." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL019N/document.
Full textThe context of our study concerns ground movements that may occur in Lorraine as a result of mining subsidence events and their impact on traditional masonry houses. When such an event occurs, houses suffer disorders resulting from efforts in the structure caused by the movement of the ground. The response that characterizes the state of the structure depends on the geometrical, physical and mechanical characteristics. However, the discontinuous nature of the masonry and the interactions complexity between masonry blocks makes it difficult to determine that response. The same is true about the soil-structure interaction. The purpose of this research is to study, by numerical modelling with the distinct element method, experimental design planning and response surfaces, the behaviour of masonry structures subjected to a typical mining subsidence event and to define from this study some criteria making possible the estimation of the vulnerability of all the buildings of a city. A first simplified analysis describes the principle of the used methodology which is then applied to the study of all houses of the city of Joeuf, used as a pilot site. This methodology is based on an analysis of the total length of the opened joints, which are considered as similar to cracks in the structure. Then, a typology analysis helps first to distinguish 4 groups (types) of houses which have similar characteristics. On each of these groups, the methodology is applied consistently, based on the geometrical characteristics of the houses facades and then leads to the formulation of vulnerability functions that use the technique of orthogonal regression
Danisch, Maximilien. "Mesures de proximité appliquées à la détection de communautés dans les grands graphes de terrain." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066166/document.
Full textMany kinds of data can be represented as a graph (a set of nodes linked by edges). In this thesis, I show that two major problems, community detection and the measure of the proximity between two nodes have intricate connexions. Particularly, I will present a framework that, using a proximity measure, can isolate a set of nodes. Its general principle is rather straightforward and can be described as follows. Given a node of interest in a graph, the proximity of all nodes in the network to that node of interest is computed. Then, if a small set of nodes have a high proximity to the node of interest while all other have a small proximity, we can directly conclude that the small set of nodes is the community of the node of interest. I'll then show how to tweak this idea to (i) find all communities of a given node, (ii) complete a set of nodes into a community and (iii) find all overlapping communities in a network. I will validate these methods on real and synthetic network datasets
Hayat, Khizar. "Visualisation 3D adaptée par insertion synchronisée de données cachées." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00400762.
Full textDeKemp, Eric Anthony. "Three-dimensional integration and visualization of structural field data : tools for regional subsurface mapping = Integration et visualisation 3-D de données structurales de terrain : outils pour la cartographie géologique régionale." Thèse, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://constellation.uqac.ca/411/1/12127333.pdf.
Full textAhmadhadi, Faram. "La fracturation de la formation Asmari (sud-ouest Iran) : typologie, chronologie et relation avec le plissement et la collision Arabie-Eurasie : apports de données de terrain et de modèles mécaniques." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066633.
Full textMichellier, Caroline. "Contribuer à la prévention des risques d'origine géologique :l'évaluation de la vulnérabilité des populations dans un contexte de rareté de données. Les cas de Goma et Bukavu (RDCongo)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/257755.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Fradette, Marie-Soleil. "Modèle d'ajustement pour réduire le biais sur le modèle numérique de terrain et le modèle de hauteur de canopée à partir de données LiDAR acquises selon divers paramètres et conditions forestières." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35009.
Full textSalari, Rad Hossein. "Modélisation des affaissements dans le domaine aux données limitées : application aux mines abandonnées du nord de la France." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL091N.
Full textGombert, Baptiste. "Vers une nouvelle génération de modèles de glissements co-sismiques : analyse stochastique et approche multi-données." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH016/document.
Full textThe explosion in the amount and variety of available geodetic, tsunami, and seismological observations offers an outstanding opportunity to develop new seismic source models. But these data are sensitive to different sources of uncertainty and provide heterogeneous information, which makes the solution of the inverse problem non-unique.In this thesis, we use a Bayesian sampling method to propose new slip models, which benefit from an objective weighting of the various datasets by combining observational and modelling errors. These models are less affected by data overfit and allow a realistic assessment of posterior uncertainties. We apply this method to the study of slip processes occurring in three different tectonic contexts: the Landers earthquake (1992, Mw=7.3), the Ecuador-Colombia subduction zone which hosted the Pedernales earthquake (2016, Mw=7.8), and the intraslab Tehuantepec earthquake (2017, Mw=8.2). Through these analyses, we demonstrate how the study of the seismic cycle can benefit from rigorous uncertainty estimates and Bayesian sampling
Bourque, Hugo. "Le cuivre de l'Anti-Atlas, un problème complexe : synthèse des occurrences cuprifères de la boutonnière de Bou Azzer-El Graara et nouvelles données (Anti-Atlas, Maroc)." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2055/document.
Full textThe Anti-Atlas belt is a large geological province. It is composed by a Precambrian basement and a Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic sedimentary cover. More than 200 copper occurrences are localized in this cover. Since the 2000s, with the increase of global copper demand, these mineralizations have a great economic interest for mining company. Besides economic interests, the scientific understanding of these mineralizations in this area are not clear. It does not exist a global model to explain the formation of these deposits. Our study is focus on the Bou Azzer-El Graara inlier (central Anti-Atlas). We proposed to realize a synthesis of copper deposits in this area based on four axes: (1) a field study at the ore bodies’ scale, (2) a mineralogical and textural characterization of these mineralizations, (3) a statistical approach applied to rock total data bases of these deposits, (4) a study of fluid inclusions associated to the ore gangue minerals. Results showed that the whole of mineralizations in the Neoproterozoic to Cambrian cover have a same stockwork texture and a same mineralogy at all scales of observations and that, independently of the ore bodies morphology. This stockwork is synchronous of folded and faulted zones. It is too synchronous of Precambrian basement faults movements during the Variscan compression. These movements are link to deep brines circulations responsible of copper mineralizations localized in the Precambrian basement and in the Neoproterozoic to Cambrian cover of this inlier
Saba, Marianne. "Développement et élaboration de méthodes de traitement de données de terrain et de modèles hydrodynamiques et hydrodispersifs dans une optique de développement durable en matière de gestion de l’eau au Nord du Liban." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10055/document.
Full textThe increasing population in Tripoli and its surrounding has placed an increase in the demand of groundwater and the random drilling of wells. This situation has resulted in a higher demand of groundwater and thus endangered the Miocene aquifer that will cause problems unless serious steps for the management of water resources are implemented. These steps should include defining stringent characterization of the properties of the aquifer in order to properly manage the quality & quantity of pumped water.Our aim in this study is to analyze the hydrochemical, hydro physical quality,& water level of groundwater in the Miocene aquifer in the North of Lebanon. The results have shown that the dominant type of groundwater in the area is highly chlorinated with sulfated calcium and magnesium with heavily charged Nitrate & Nitrite. The spatial distribution of the physiochemical parameters obey an increasing pattern westwards towards the Mediterranean Sea. During the last decades, illegal groundwater pumping mainly for domestic and agricultural use has caused groundwater quality degradation due to saline water intrusion from western areas .In order to study the origin and the hydrochemical aspect of groundwater, Phreeq C & Diagram software helped us determine the properties ;as for the water level Aquitest software was used.GIS ,Surfer & Visual Modflow softwares were used to generate maps locating the spatial distribution of all parameters & most importantly the modeling of the potentiometric map of the North. The end result was the determination of anthropogenic & naturogenic sources of water pollution in the North of Lebanon & the formation of the piezometric map of the region
Lerbour, Raphaël. "Chargement progressif et rendu adaptatif de vastes terrains." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461667.
Full textBoulvert, Yves. "Contribution à l'étude du milieu naturel centrafricain : exploitation et corrélation des données obtenues par photointerprétation, télédétection et travaux de terrain pour la réalisation des cartes pédologique, phytogéographique et géomorphologique à 1/1000000 de la République centrafricaine." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS016.
Full textJoly, Aurore. "Relations plutons et discontinuités lithosphériquesApproche pluridisciplinaire de la mise en place de plutons granitiques le long du Sillon Houiller(Massif Central Français).Apports des études de terrain et des données gravimétriques, magnétiques et ASMpour des modélisations 3D." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00167514.
Full textphénomènes tardi-orogéniques se pose dans la chaîne Varisque. Dans le Massif central français, le Sillon Houiller (SH)
est une faille lithosphérique dont la cinématique et le fonctionnement anté-Stéphanien restent inconnus. Afin de mieux
appréhender le rôle du SH au cours de l' évolution post-orogénique du Massif central, une étude pluridisciplinaire a été
réalisée sur des massifs granitiques qui longeaient l' accident : analyses pétro-structurales, géochrono-logiques,
anisotropie de la susceptibilité magnétique (ASM), gravimétrie ainsi que le retraitement de données aéro-magnétiques
disponibles. Ces nouvelles données géophysiques, de terrain et de l'ASM, ont été intégrées dans des modélisations
géophysiques et géologiques, 2D et 3D, directes et inverses qui ont mis en valeur la géométrie et la mise en place de ces
plutons syn-tectoniques namuriens. Il apparaît qu' au Namurien, le SH peut être lié à la mise en place de magmas,
comme le pluton de Montmarault, ou pas, comme ceux de Glénat, Omps et Boisset. Néanmoins, au Namurien,
l' ensemble des plutons granitiques enregistre une linéation d' étirement NW-SE, perpendiculaire à l' orientation générale
du SH. Au vu des analyses structurales et cinématiques, au Namurien, le SH s' il existe, ne peut alors que se comporter
que comme une zone de dilatation NW-SE.
Hrysiewicz, Alexis. "Caractérisation des déplacements liés aux coulées de lave au Piton de la Fournaise à partir de données InSAR." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC062.
Full textSince 2003, the observation national service for the volcanology (SNOV) OI2 have been analyzing the ground surface displacements due to the volcanic eruptions at Piton de la Fournaise using the Interferometry by Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). One of major results is the observation of Eastern seaward flank sliding during the 2007 eruption (around 1.4 m of horizontal displacements). More recent results demonstrated that this sliding continued between 2009 and 2014 with a decreasing of displacement rates. However, this signal is combined with the displacements caused by the lava flows, (thermo-mechanical compaction, substratum flexure under the lava-flow weight), and the signal deconvolution is complex. Consequently, the thesis objective is to characterize these displacements to remove the contribution of lava flows from our observations. Therefore, we should only observe the signals related to the internal volcanic processes. To characterize the lava flows, we have to estimate their displacements, their locations, their surface areas and thicknesses. From the InSAR coherence data, the developped algorithms enable us to extract the lava-flow outlines and estimate the surface area value of the lava flow with the associated uncertainties. They use an iterative and probabilistical approach. These algorithms are now used during effusive crisis at Piton de la Fournaise and are become a product within OI2. The vertical-displacements evolutions of the October 2010 lava flow spanning from mid-2011 to mid-2015 follow an exponential decreasing form with rates of 10’s milimetre per year. Over the same period, the horizontal displacements are negligeable. The results about the displacement rates for lava flows emplaced between 2014 and 2018 show that these displacements are caused by the thermo-mechanical compaction, the substratum flexure, the slope and the lava field structures (as lava tunnels). One year after the emplacement of the lava flow, the vertical displacement rates can reach some 10’s centimetre per year and these values are similar for the horizontal displacements. Modelling of vertical displacements has been made using the lava thicknesses as input parameter. The preliminar results show that the flank sliding amplitude must be reduced of around 80%, (10 mm.yr-1 ) and its location is different from that of the post-2007 period. Finally, the displacements outside lava flows allow a characterization of the substratum rheology. This last one appears variable. Our models estimate that the poroelasticity, with a rheological constrast, (about 100 m-deep), is a possibility to represent the rheology of susbtratum. Ultimately, the precise substratum characterization from the co-eruptive displacements will enable us to better constrain the geometry of magmatic intrusion
Duraisamy, Jothiprakasam Venkatesh. "Downscaling wind energy resource from mesoscale to local scale by nesting and data assimilation with a CFD model." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1017/document.
Full textThe development of wind energy generation requires precise and well-established methods for wind resource assessment, which is the initial step in every wind farm project. During the last two decades linear flow models were widely used in the wind industry for wind resource assessment and micro-siting. But the linear models inaccuracies in predicting the wind speeds in very complex terrain are well known and led to use of CFD, capable of modeling the complex flow in details around specific geographic features. Mesoscale models (NWP) are able to predict the wind regime at resolutions of several kilometers, but are not well suited to resolve the wind speed and turbulence induced by the topography features on the scale of a few hundred meters. CFD has proven successful in capturing flow details at smaller scales, but needs an accurate specification of the inlet conditions. Thus coupling NWP and CFD models is a better modeling approach for wind energy applications. A one-year field measurement campaign carried out in a complex terrain in southern France during 2007-2008 provides a well documented data set both for input and validation data. The proposed new methodology aims to address two problems: the high spatial variation of the topography on the domain lateral boundaries, and the prediction errors of the mesoscale model. It is applied in this work using the open source CFD code Code_Saturne, coupled with the mesoscale forecast model of Météo-France (ALADIN). The improvement is obtained by combining the mesoscale data as inlet condition and field measurement data assimilation into the CFD model. Newtonian relaxation (nudging) data assimilation technique is used to incorporate the measurement data into the CFD simulations. The methodology to reconstruct long term averages uses a clustering process to group the similar meteorological conditions and to reduce the number of CFD simulations needed to reproduce 1 year of atmospheric flow over the site. The assimilation procedure is carried out with either sonic or cup anemometers measurements. First a detailed analysis of the results obtained with the mesoscale-CFD coupling and with or without data assimilation is shown for two main wind directions, including a sensitivity study to the parameters involved in the coupling and in the nudging. The last part of the work is devoted to the estimate of the wind potential using clustering. A comparison of the annual mean wind speed with measurements that do not enter the assimilation process and with the WAsP model is presented. The improvement provided by the data assimilation on the distribution of differences with measurements is shown on the wind speed and direction for different configurations
Joly, Aurore. "Relations plutons et discontinuités lithosphériques : approche pluridisciplinaire de la mise en place de plutons granitiques le long du Sillon Houiller (Massif Central Français) : apports des études de terrain et des données gravimétriques, magnétiques et ASM pour des modélisations 3D." Orléans, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00167514.
Full textAlbinet, C. "Sensibilité des observables radars à la variabilité temporelle et à la configuration géométrique de forêts tempérées et tropicales à partir de mesure de proximité haute-résolution. Extension à la simulation dans la perspective de fusion de données radar-o." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068830.
Full textGeuens, Stijn. "Personalization in e-commerce : a procedure to create and evaluate business relevant recommendation systems." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12016/document.
Full textRecommendation systems are a heavily investigated within machine learning literature, resulting in the creation of many algorithms. This doctoral dissertation goes beyond merely proposing new recommendation algorithms by leveraging state-of-the-art techniques and investigating the interaction of these techniques with different data sources having distinct characteristics. The focus lies upon the creation of frameworks guiding both marketers and academics in developing, evaluating, and testing recommendation systems in an e-commerce context. Concretely, this dissertation adds to literature in seven distinct ways. First, a framework evaluating collaborative filtering algorithms is designed and validated on real-life offline data sets of a large European e-tailer, La Redoute. Second, a five-step framework to develop and evaluate hybrid recommendation systems combing different data sources is proposed and validate on real-life historical data in Chapter II. Third, Chapter II introduces feature importance in the recommendation systems literature. Fourth, the best performing algorithms in the offline tests are leveraged to serve as basis for creating two revenue maximization recommendation systems in Chapter III. Fifth, a framework investigating three effects of (revenue maximization) recommendation systems on business metrics throughout the purchase funnel is proposed in Chapter III. Sixth, the framework is validated in a large-scale field experiment executed in collaboration with La Redoute. Finally, a business case shows the added value of the best performing recommendation systems
Magand, Olivier. "Bilan de Masse de Surface Antarctique : Techniques de mesure et analyse critique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00374371.
Full textSaba, Ghassan. "Protocoles multipoint et interconnexion de réseaux FIP." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_SABA_G.pdf.
Full textDevogele, Thomas. "Système d'information géographique temporelle maritime ; Des distances linéaires à l'analyse temps réel des trajectoires." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441484.
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