Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Données médicales'
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Falip, Joris. "Structuration de données multidimensionnelles : une approche basée instance pour l'exploration de données médicales." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS014/document.
Full textA posteriori use of medical data accumulated by practitioners represents a major challenge for clinical research as well as for personalized patient follow-up. However, health professionals lack the appropriate tools to easily explore, understand and manipulate their data. To solve this, we propose an algorithm to structure elements by similarity and representativeness. This method allows individuals in a dataset to be grouped around representative and generic members who are able to subsume the elements and summarize the data. This approach processes each dimension individually before aggregating the results and is adapted to high-dimensional data and also offers transparent, interpretable and explainable results. The results we obtain are suitable for exploratory analysis and reasoning by analogy: the structure is similar to the organization of knowledge and decision-making process used by experts. We then propose an anomaly detection algorithm that allows complex and high-dimensional anomalies to be detected by analyzing two-dimensional projections. This approach also provides interpretable results. We evaluate these two algorithms on real and simulated high-dimensional data with up to thousands of dimensions. We analyze the properties of graphs resulting from the structuring of elements. We then describe a medical data pre-processing tool and a web application for physicians. Through this intuitive tool, we propose a visual structure of the elements to ease the exploration. This decision support prototype assists medical diagnosis by allowing the physician to navigate through the data and explore similar patients. It can also be used to test clinical hypotheses on a cohort of patients
Lisa, Di Jorio. "Recherche de motifs graduels et application aux données médicales." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00577212.
Full textNoura, Mohamad. "Solutions cryptographiques efficaces et sécurisées pour les données médicales." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD037.
Full textIn this thesis, effective and robust cryptographic schemes were proposed to overcome the current security and privacy issues of recent medical systems and applications. The main contribution of this thesis is to reach a high level of security with minimum possible overhead contrary to many other existing solutions. Therefore, two cipher schemes and a data availability approach were proposed for medical data to ensure the following security services: data confidentiality, integrity and availability as well as source authentication. The proposed cryptographic solutions are based on the dynamic cryptographic cipher structures to ensure a better resistance against existing and modern attacks. Moreover, these solutions were designed to be lightweight and they require a small number of iterations. The proposed ciphers round function is iterated only once and uses a key dependent block permutation. It also satisfies the required confusion and diffusion properties, consequently ensuring the desirable cryptographic properties. Simulation and experimental results demonstrated the efficiency and the robustness of the proposed cryptographic solutions. Furthermore, employing the proposed cryptographic schemes open the door to a dynamic cryptographic algorithms that can lead to a significant performance and security gain compared with other recent related state-of-art
Etien-Gnoan, N'Da Brigitte. "L'encadrement juridique de la gestion électronique des données médicales." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20022/document.
Full textThe electronic management of medical data is as much in the simple automated processing of personal data in the sharing and exchange of health data . Its legal framework is provided both by the common rules to the automated processing of all personal data and those specific to the processing of medical data . This management , even if it is a source of economy, creates protection issues of privacy which the French government tries to cope by creating one of the best legal framework in the world in this field. However , major projects such as the personal health record still waiting to be made and the right to health is seen ahead and lead by technological advances . The development of e-health disrupts relationships within one dialogue between the caregiver and the patient . The extension of the rights of patients , sharing responsibility , increasing the number of players , the shared medical confidentiality pose new challenges with which we must now count. Another crucial question is posed by the lack of harmonization of legislation increasing the risks in cross-border sharing of medical
Di, Jorio Lisa. "Recherche de motifs graduels et application aux données médicales." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20112.
Full textWith the raise of new biological technologies, as for example DNA chips, and IT technologies (e.g. storage capacities), health care domain has evolved through the last years. Indeed, new high technologies allow for the analysis of thousands of genomic parameters related to various deseases (as cancer, Alzheimer), and how to link them to clinical parameters. In parallel, storage evolutions enable nowadays researchers to gather a huge amount of data generated by biological experiments. This Ph.D thesis is strongly related to medical data mining. We tackle the problem of extracting gradual patterns of the form « the older a patient, the less his memories are accurate ». To handle different types of information, we propose to extract gradualness for an extensive range of patterns: gradual itemsets, gradual multidimensionnal itemsets, gradual sequencial patterns. Every contribution is experimented on a synthetic or real datasets
Boehm, Mathilde. "Contribution à l'amélioration du rendu volumique de données médicales 3D." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1271.
Full textDe, Vlieger P. "Création d'un environnement de gestion de base de données " en grille ". Application à l'échange de données médicales." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654660.
Full textDe, Vlieger Paul. "Création d'un environnement de gestion de base de données "en grille" : application à l'échange de données médicales." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719688.
Full textLaboile, Xavier. "Aspects juridiques et éthiques du recueil des données médicales aux fins d'analyses épidémiologiques." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40001.
Full textAzou, Goyema Quentin. "Données génétiques et médicales : identification et discrimination : approche comparative entre l'Europe et l'Afrique subsaharienne." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOD003.
Full textHuman genetic data, because of its scientific and judicial polyphormism, is a case for new legislation. Although it is usually presented as medical data, its specific aspect should be taken into consideration, since it concerns the innermost part of the individual. The knowledge of this data is essential to medical progress, namely the treatment and prevention of some family disorders. Its specificity requires the creation of adequate judicial standards. On account of its intrinsic ambivalence, genetic and medical data cannot be used as personal data because, as a means of personal identification, it ceases to be so as soon as it loses its power to stigmatize. Collecting and circulating genetic and medical data will be a major challenge in the years to come. The rule of law allowing the use of this data should ensure the confidentiality necessary to the protection of people's private lives. Trying to draw the line between the private part and the universal one raises some crucial issues such as public interest versus private one, universality versus individuality. Whatever the terms we use, this distinction has played a major part throughout various studies and debates. Comparison with the European approach and the African one shows the dilemma between the protection and the disclosure of medical and genetic data. It reveals the diversity of ethics and legal technical; it explains the different socio-cultural customs. Our aim is to go towards audience the written contributions and also the numerous discussions further. This work is subdivided in two parts: genetic data and identification on Human Being (I); genetic data and discrimination risks (II)
Duhamel, Erwan. "Rendu volumique expressif pour la visualisation interactive de données médicales : application à l'imagerie échographique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAD028.
Full textUltrasound, as a medical imaging modality, is able to produce dynamically images from a body's internal structures in a safe, radiation-free way. Nevertheless, ultrasound images are mainly two-dimensional, making it difficult even for experts to apprehend and evaluate the 3D geometric context the structures are placed in. This is a hard limitation that can for example introduce errors in diagnostics, or even doubt in surgical procedures, that are inherently undesirable for such applications. We therefore propose to study the use of volumetric ultrasound images in the context of medical imaging, and specifically the visualisation process of such data using direct volume rendering. We introduce three different contributions in this domain: a new direct volume rendering technique, leveraging a new type of iso-surface, an evaluation methodology for medical image visualisation, and the integration of our work in software produced in the context of the Disrumpere project led by IRCAD
Deslandes, Emmanuelle. "Modelisation des données longitudinales complexes en épidémiologie." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066161.
Full textYureidini, Ahmed. "Reconstruction robuste des vaisseaux sanguins pour les simulations médicales interactives à partir de données patients." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010973.
Full textElisabeth, Erol. "Fouille de données spatio-temporelles, résumés de données et apprentissage automatique : application au système de recommandations touristique, données médicales et détection des transactions atypiques dans le domaine financier." Thesis, Antilles, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ANTI0607.
Full textData mining is one of the components of Customer Relationship Management (CRM), widely deployed in companies. It is the process of extracting interesting, non-trivial, implicit, unknown and potentially useful knowledge from data. This process relies on algorithms from various scientific disciplines (statistics, artificial intelligence, databases) to build models from data stored in data warehouses.The objective of determining models, established from clusters in the service of improving knowledge of the customer in the generic sense, the prediction of his behavior and the optimization of the proposed offer. Since these models are intended to be used by users who are specialists in the field of data, researchers in health economics and management sciences or professionals in the sector studied, this research work emphasizes the usability of data mining environments.This thesis is concerned with spatio-temporal data mining. It particularly highlights an original approach to data processing with the aim of enriching practical knowledge in the field.This work includes an application component in four chapters which corresponds to four systems developed:- A model for setting up a recommendation system based on the collection of GPS positioning data,- A data summary tool optimized for the speed of responses to requests for the medicalization of information systems program (PMSI),- A machine learning tool for the fight against money laundering in the financial system,- A model for the prediction of activity in VSEs which are weather-dependent (tourism, transport, leisure, commerce, etc.). The problem here is to identify classification algorithms and neural networks for data analysis aimed at adapting the company's strategy to economic changes
Canselier, Guillaume. "Les données acquises de la science : les connaissances scientifiques et la faute médicale en droit privé." Paris 1, 2006. https://www.bnds.fr/collection/theses-numeriques-de-la-bnds/les-donnees-acquises-de-la-science-9782848741338.html.
Full textMoreau, Jean-Christophe. "Développement de logiciels spécifiques pour une gestion informatique de données médicales au sein d'un service d'ORL." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M082.
Full textMaaroufi, Meriem. "Interopérabilité des données médicales dans le domaine des maladies rares dans un objectif de santé publique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066275/document.
Full textThe digitalization of healthcare is on and multiple e-health projects are unceasingly coming up. In the rare diseases context, a field that has become a public health policy priority in France, e-health could be a solution to improve rare diseases epidemiology and to propose a better care for patients. The national data bank for rare diseases (BNDMR) offers the centralization of these epidemiological studies conduction for all rare diseases and all affected patients followed in the French healthcare system. The BNDMR must grow in a dense and heterogeneous digital landscape. Developing the BNDMR interoperability is the objective of this thesis’ work. How to identify patients, including fetuses? How to federate patients’ identities to avoid duplicates creation? How to link patients’ data to allow studies’ conduction? In response to these questions, we propose a universal method for patients’ identification that meets the requirements of health data protection. Which data should be collected in the national data bank? How to improve and facilitate the development of interoperability between these data and those from the wide range of the existing systems? In response to these questions, we first propose the collection of a standardized minimum data set for all rare diseases. The implementation of international standards provides a first step toward interoperability. We then propose to move towards the discovery of mappings between heterogeneous data sources. Minimizing human intervention by adopting automated alignment techniques and making these alignments’ results reliable and exploitable were the main motivations of our proposal
Daul, Christian. "Segmentation, recalage et reconstruction 3D de données.Traitement d'images médicales et industrielles." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326078.
Full textDary, Christophe. "Analyse géométrique d'image : application à la segmentation multi-échelle des images médicales." Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT07VS.
Full textLe, Goualher Georges. "Modélisation de structures anatomiques cérébrales pour l'aide à l'interprétation d'images médicales et à la fusion des données." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10010.
Full textQuellec, Gwenole. "Indexation et fusion multimodale pour la recherche d'informations par le contenu : Application aux bases de données d'images médicales." Télécom Bretagne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TELB0078.
Full textIn this Ph. D thesis, we study methods for information retrieval in databases made of multidimedia documents. Our objective is to select in a database documents similar to a query document. The aimed application is computer aided diagnosis in a medical framework: the database is made up of several images together with clinical contextual information about the patient. We firts try to characterize each image in the patient file individually. We have thus proposed two original indexing methods derived from the wavelet transform of images: 1) a global method, modeling the distribution of wavelet coefficients in the image, 2) a local method, based on the extraction of lesions. Once images are characterized, we try to used all the information in the file to retrieve the closest patient files. In addition to the heterogeneity of the data, with have to cope with missing information in patient files. We propose three new approaches, derived from data mining and information fusion theory. The first approach is based on decision trees, the second one on Bayesian networks and the third one on the Dezert-Smarandache theory (DSmT). The results obtained on two multimodamedical databases are satisfying and superior to existing methods. Thus, the mean precision at five research 81. 78 % on a retinal image database and 92. 90 % on a mammography database
Lemaire, Pierre. "Base de données informatique : application aux leucémies aigue͏̈s." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P039.
Full textLy, Birama Apho. "Prévalence et facteurs associés aux données manquantes des registres de consultations médicales des médecins des centres de santé communautaires de Bamako." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28555/28555.pdf.
Full textObjective This study aims to estimate the prevalence of missing data in the medical consultation registries held by physicians working in Bamako community health Centers (COMHC) and to identify the factors which predict physicians’ intention to collect completely the data in their registries, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Method A exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted, including a random sample of 3072 medical consultations and 32 physicians. Data were collected between January and February 2011 through a standardized extraction form and a questionnaire measuring physicians’ sociodemographic and professional characteristics as well as constructs from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Descriptive statistics, correlations and linear regression were performed. Results All the variables contained in the medical consultations registries have missing data. However, only four variables (symptom, diagnosis, treatment and observation) have a high prevalence of missing data. The variable observation has the highest prevalence with 95.6% of missing data. Physician’s intention to collect completely the data is predicted by their subjective norm and the number of years of practice. Conclusion The results of this study should contribute to advance knowledge on the prevalence of missing data and possible strategies to improve the quality of health information collected from the CSCOM. This information can possibly allow to better inform the decisions concerning resource allocation.
Dorais-Joncas, Alexis. "Un mécanisme de conférence basé sur le protocole SIP pour la transmission simultanée de voix et de données médicales." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1378.
Full textJacques, Julie. "Classification sur données médicales à l'aide de méthodes d'optimisation et de datamining, appliquée au pré-screening dans les essais cliniques." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919876.
Full textLe, Duff Franck. "Enrichissement quantitatif et qualitatif de relations conceptuelles des bases de connaissances médicales par extraction et héritage automatique par des méthodes informatiques et probabilistes." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1B094.
Full textSauquet, Dominique. "Lied : un modèle de données sémantique et temporel : son intégration dans une architecture distribuée et son utilisation pour des applications médicales." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0586.
Full textNouri, Nedia. "Évaluation de la qualité et transmission en temps-réel de vidéos médicales compressées : application à la télé-chirurgie robotisée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL049N.
Full textThe digital revolution in medical environment speeds up development of remote Robotic-Assisted Surgery and consequently the transmission of medical numerical data such as pictures or videos becomes possible. However, medical video transmission requires significant bandwidth and high compression ratios, only accessible with lossy compression. Therefore research effort has been focussed on video compression algorithms such as MPEG2 and H.264. In this work, we are interested in the question of compression thresholds and associated bitrates are coherent with the acceptance level of the quality in the field of medical video. To evaluate compressed medical video quality, we performed a subjective assessment test with a panel of human observers using a DSCQS (Double-Stimuli Continuous Quality Scale) protocol derived from the ITU-R BT-500-11 recommendations. Promising results estimate that 3 Mbits/s could be sufficient (compression ratio aroundthreshold compression level around 90:1 compared to the original 270 Mbits/s) as far as perceived quality is concerned. Otherwise, determining a tolerance to lossy compression has allowed implementation of a platform for real-time transmission over an IP network for surgical videos compressed with the H.264 standard from the University Hospital of Nancy and the school of surgery
Loukil, Adlen. "Méthodologies, Modèles et Architectures de Référence pour la Gestion et l'Echange de Données Médicales Multimédia : Application aux Projets Européen OEDIPE et BRITER." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0016.
Full textInterchange and Integration of medical data is a fundamental task in modern medicine. However, a significant obstacle to the development of efficient interoperable information systems is the lack of software tools that provide transparent access to heterogeneous distributed databases. Currently most of the solutions are stand-alone ones fitting only one configuration. To solve this problems of integration and interoperability, we propose in this thesis an original approach which is based on the definition of communication protocols and the design of generic interface between the specific implementations of the protocols and the target databases associated to the Hospital Information Systems. The proposed solution is based on the development of a data dictionary modelling the communications protocols and the databases structures and generic module for the data storage and extraction. The design involves issues related to reverse engineering procedures and to automatic generation of SQL statements. To illustrate this approach, we present the demonstration prototype we have developed in the framework of the OEDIPE AIM project to experiment and to test open interchange of ECGs and associated clinical data. The second part is devoted to the modelling and integration of distributed electronic patient records using communications protocols. We first present a multidimensional approach for the structuring of patient records and propose a generic object oriented information model which integrates bio signals, images and accompanying clinical information. We then, describe a prototype system which has been developed in the framework of the BRITER AIM project for accessing and handling heterogeneous patient data stored in distributed electronic patient records in order to support Rehabilitation healthcare professional in making decisions. We thus demonstrate that the use of standard communications protocols allows and facilitate the development of portable and interoperable medical applications for the benefit of the health care field
Beylot, Saphia. "Maternité de Langon : rapport d'activité pour l'année 1990, essai d'évaluation de la qualité des soins par un traitement informatique des données médicales." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M230.
Full textLi, Huiyu. "Exfiltration et anonymisation d'images médicales à l'aide de modèles génératifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4041.
Full textThis thesis aims to address some specific safety and privacy issues when dealing with sensitive medical images within data lakes. This is done by first exploring potential data leakage when exporting machine learning models and then by developing an anonymization approach that protects data privacy.Chapter 2 presents a novel data exfiltration attack, termed Data Exfiltration by Compression (DEC), which leverages image compression techniques to exploit vulnerabilities in the model exporting process. This attack is performed when exporting a trained network from a remote data lake, and is applicable independently of the considered image processing task. By exploring both lossless and lossy compression methods, this chapter demonstrates how DEC can effectively be used to steal medical images and reconstruct them with high fidelity, using two public CT and MR datasets. This chapter also explores mitigation measures that a data owner can implement to prevent the attack. It first investigates the application of differential privacy measures, such as Gaussian noise addition, to mitigate this attack, and explores how attackers can create attacks resilient to differential privacy. Finally, an alternative model export strategy is proposed which involves model fine-tuning and code verification.Chapter 3 introduces the Generative Medical Image Anonymization framework, a novel approach to balance the trade-off between preserving patient privacy while maintaining the utility of the generated images to solve downstream tasks. The framework separates the anonymization process into two key stages: first, it extracts identity and utility-related features from medical images using specially trained encoders; then, it optimizes the latent code to achieve the desired trade-off between anonymity and utility. We employ identity and utility encoders to verify patient identities and detect pathologies, and use a generative adversarial network-based auto-encoder to create realistic synthetic images from the latent space. During optimization, we incorporate these encoders into novel loss functions to produce images that remove identity-related features while maintaining their utility to solve a classification problem. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through extensive experiments on the MIMIC-CXR chest X-ray dataset, where the generated images successfully support lung pathology detection.Chapter 4 builds upon the work from Chapter 4 by utilizing generative adversarial networks (GANs) to create a more robust and scalable anonymization solution. The framework is structured into two distinct stages: first, we develop a streamlined encoder and a novel training scheme to map images into a latent space. In the second stage, we minimize the dual-loss functions proposed in Chapter 3 to optimize the latent representation of each image. This method ensures that the generated images effectively remove some identifiable features while retaining crucial diagnostic information. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments on the MIMIC-CXR dataset demonstrate that our approach produces high-quality anonymized images that maintain essential diagnostic details, making them well-suited for training machine learning models in lung pathology classification.The conclusion chapter summarizes the scientific contributions of this work, and addresses remaining issues and challenges for producing secured and privacy preserving sensitive medical data
Mhedhbi, Imen. "Compression en qualité diagnostic de séquences d’images médicales pour des plateformes embarquées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066745.
Full textHospitals and medical centers produce an enormous amount of digital medical images every day especially in the form of image sequences. Due to the large storage size and limited transmission and width, an efficient compression technique is necessary. We first proposed a compressor algorithm for medical images sequences MMWaaves. It is based on Markov fields coupled with the certified medical device Waaves of Cira company. We demonstrated that MMWaaves provided a compression gains greater than 30% compared to JPEG2000 and Waaves while ensuring outstanding image quality for medical diagnosis (SSIM> 0.98). In addition, it achieved compression rates equal to those obtained by H.264 while improving the image quality. Then we developed a new compression algorithm MLPWaaves based on DWT difference followed by a new adaptive scanning model LPEAM in order to optimize the local stationary of wavelet coefficients. We obtained a compression gain up to 80% compared to Waaves and JPEG2000 while ensuring exceptional quality for medical diagnosis. Finally, in order to transmit medical images for diagnostic from the health center to the mobile device of the doctor, we proposed client-server remote radiology system for encoding and decoding. It is based on a multithreading paradigm to accelerate treatment. The validation of this solution was performed on two different platforms. We achieved an acceleration factor of 5 on an Intel Core i7-2600 and a factor of 3 on Samsung Galaxy tablet
Klotz, Rémi. "Analyse sur le long terme des complications médicales chez les blessés médullaires tétraplégiques vivant à domicile : données de l'enquête TETRAFIGAP sur 1668 patients." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23029.
Full textByk, Christian. "Ethique et droit face au développement des sciences biologiques et médicales : Données pour une méthodologie législative en Europe à partir de l'exemple nord-américain." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020037.
Full textThe development of biological sciences is the occasion for man to take conscience of the new dimension offered to him to dominate his nature. How can the present debate in europe on the the opportunity and methodology to legislate take into account the north-american experience ? the analysis of sources ( law jurisprudence) seem rather inadapted. However, other institutions ( belonging to the medical and scientific sphere and the new ethics committees ) play a role which is more and more important. Concerning the content of these new rules, what will be the importance of individuel rights ? could we expect a reinforcement of the rights of the individual on his own body or, on the contrary, will it lead to a greater interference of the state in the induvidual privacy ?
Duque, Hector. "Conception et mise en oeuvre d'un environnement logiciel de manipulation et d'accès à des données réparties : application aux grilles d'images médicales : le système DSEM / DM2." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0050/these.pdf.
Full textOur vision, in this thesis, is the one of a bio-medical grip as a partner of hospital's information systems, sharing computing resources as well as a platform for sharing information. Therefore, we aim at (i) providing transparent access to huge distributed medical data sets, (ii) querying these data by their content, and (iii), sharing computing resources within the grip. Assuming the existence of a grip infrastructure, we suggest a multi-layered architecture (Distributed Systems Engines – DSE). This architecture allows us to design High Performance Distributed Systems which are highly extensible, scalable and open. It ensures the connection between the grip, data storing systems, and medical platforms. The conceptual design of the architecture assumes a horizontal definition for each one of the layers, and is based on a multi-process structure. This structure enables the exchange of messages between processes by using the Message Passing Paradigm. These processes and messages allow one to define entities of a higher level of semantic significance, which we call Drivers and, which instead of single messages, deal with different kinds of transactions: queries, tasks and requests. Thus, we define different kinds of drivers for dealing with each kind of transaction, and in a higher level, we define services as an aggregation of drivers. The architectural framework of drivers and services eases the design of components of a Distributed System (DS), which we call engines, and also eases the extensibility and scalability of DS
Lelong, Romain. "Accès sémantique aux données massives et hétérogènes en santé." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR030/document.
Full textClinical data are produced as part of the practice of medicine by different health professionals, in several places and in various formats. They therefore present an heterogeneity both in terms of their nature and structure and are furthermore of a particularly large volume, which make them considered as Big Data. The work carried out in this thesis aims at proposing an effective information retrieval method within the context of this type of complex and massive data. First, the access to clinical data constrained by the need to model clinical information. This can be done within Electronic Health Records and, in a larger extent, within data Warehouses. In this thesis, I proposed a proof of concept of a search engine allowing the access to the information contained in the Semantic Health Data Warehouse of the Rouen University Hospital. A generic data model allows this data warehouse to view information as a graph of data, thus enabling to model the information while preserving its conceptual complexity. In order to provide search functionalities adapted to this generic representation of data, a query language allowing access to clinical information through the various entities of which it is composed has been developed and implemented as a part of this thesis’s work. Second, the massiveness of clinical data is also a major technical challenge that hinders the implementation of an efficient information retrieval. The initial implementation of the proof of concept highlighted the limits of a relational database management systems when used in the context of clinical data. A migration to a NoSQL key-value store has been then completed. Although offering good atomic data access performance, this migration nevertheless required additional developments and the design of a suitable hardware and applicative architecture toprovide advanced search functionalities. Finally, the contribution of this work within the general context of the Semantic Health Data Warehouse of the Rouen University Hospital was evaluated. The proof of concept proposed in this work was used to access semantic descriptions of information in order to meet the criteria for including and excluding patients in clinical studies. In this evaluation, a total or partial response is given to 72.97% of the criteria. In addition, the genericity of the tool has also made it possible to use it in other contexts such as documentary and bibliographic information retrieval in health
Mechinaud, Lamarche Vadel Agathe. "Elaboration d'indicateurs de mortalité post-hospitalière à différents délais avec prise en compte des causes médicales de décès." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T073/document.
Full textThe main objective of this PhD work was to investigate different methodological options for the elaboration of post hospital mortality indicators aiming at reflecting quality of care, in particular to identify the most relevant timeframes and to assess the contribution of the causes of death information.In a first phase, the hospital discharge data of the French General health insurance scheme beneficiaries who died during the year following an hospital stay in 2008 or 2009 were linked to the cause of death register. The matching rate was 96.4%.In a second phase, the hospital stays for which the underlying cause of death could be qualified as independent from the main diagnosis were identified with an algorithm and a software relying on international standards.In a third phase, the method most widely used to assess in-hospital mortality (Dr Foster Unit method) was reproduced and used to construct hospital mortality indicators at 30, 60, 90, 180 et 365 days post-admission, on year 2009 (12 322 831 acute-care stays)..As in other countries, in-hospital mortality revealed biased by discharge patterns in the French data: hospitals : short length-of-stay or high transfer-out rates for comparable casemix tend to have lower in-hospital mortality. The 60-day and 90-day indicators should be preferred to the 30-day indicator, because they reflect a larger part of in-hospital mortality, and are less subject to the incentives either to maintain patients alive until the end of the follow-up window or to shift resources away when this length of stay is reached. The contribution of the causes of death seems negligible in the context of hospital-wide indicators, but it could prove its utility in future health services research about specific indicators limited to selected conditions or procedures.However, reservations about the relevance of hospital-wide mortality indicators aiming at assessing quality of care are described (limits of the statistical model and adjustment variables available, heterogeneity of the coding quality between hospitals). Further research is needed, in particular on the capacity of these indicators to reflect quality of care and on the impact of their public reporting. To date, the use of hospital-wide mortality indicators needs to be extremely cautious
Nouri, Nedia. "Évaluation de la qualité et transmission en temps-réel de vidéos médicales compressées : application à la télé-chirurgie robotisée." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL049N/document.
Full textThe digital revolution in medical environment speeds up development of remote Robotic-Assisted Surgery and consequently the transmission of medical numerical data such as pictures or videos becomes possible. However, medical video transmission requires significant bandwidth and high compression ratios, only accessible with lossy compression. Therefore research effort has been focussed on video compression algorithms such as MPEG2 and H.264. In this work, we are interested in the question of compression thresholds and associated bitrates are coherent with the acceptance level of the quality in the field of medical video. To evaluate compressed medical video quality, we performed a subjective assessment test with a panel of human observers using a DSCQS (Double-Stimuli Continuous Quality Scale) protocol derived from the ITU-R BT-500-11 recommendations. Promising results estimate that 3 Mbits/s could be sufficient (compression ratio aroundthreshold compression level around 90:1 compared to the original 270 Mbits/s) as far as perceived quality is concerned. Otherwise, determining a tolerance to lossy compression has allowed implementation of a platform for real-time transmission over an IP network for surgical videos compressed with the H.264 standard from the University Hospital of Nancy and the school of surgery
Jaborska, Alexandre. "Conception et réalisation d'une plate-forme d'acquisition et de traitement des données médicales : application à l'étude de la pertinence des alarmes en unités de soins intensifs." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1267.
Full textIn intensive Care Units, the increasing in number and technicality of biomedical devices in direct patient’s environment lead to several problems. The first is the difficulty for the medical staff in exploiting all the information provided by these devices. The second problem lies in the multiplicity of alarms generated, which can lead to misinterpretation. In first part, this work presents the design and implementation of an open computer-based system, named Aiddiag. It a research and evaluation platform able to support different approaches for decision support. As it is necessary to use knowledge-based systems in decision support, Aiddiag was designed to allow knowledge acquisition. The constraints associated with such a system are exposed. A modular, robust and open architecture is presented. A data management system was devised that can efficiently manage large amount of heterogeneous data over long periods. A functional prototype was implemented. It can be used to acquire data from several biomedical devices. The second part presents study concerning the evaluation of monitor alarms in adult intensive care unit. A manual report of alarms was linked to an automatic record performed by the Aiddiag platform on the same patient. An analysis procedure tried to extract criteria to differentiate true from the false alarms. The low number of true alarms allows only for qualitative results, but these may forward to new studies. After a description of the perspectives, we conclude on the appropriateness of the computer-based Aiddiag system to the initial constraints. The current evolution of this system involves the addition of new knowledge-based modules
Bruandet, Amelie. "Facteurs pronostiques de patients atteints de démence suivis en centre mémoire de ressource et de recherche : exemple d'utilisation de bases de données médicales à des fins de recherche clinique." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00336252.
Full textL'objectif de mon travail est l'étude des facteurs pronostiques de patients, pris en charge au centre de mémoire de ressource et de recherche (CMRR) du Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire (CHRU) de Lille et du centre médical des monts de Flandres de Bailleul. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé la base de données médicales informatisées des patients consultant au CMRR de Lille-Bailleul. Ce travail s'est en particulier intéressé aux avantages et aux limites de l'utilisation de bases de données médicales à des fins de recherche clinique dans l'étude des facteurs pronostiques des démences.
Dans une population de 670 patients ayant une maladie d'Alzheimer, nous avons confirmé que le déclin des fonctions cognitives (évaluées par le MMSE) était significativement plus élevé chez les sujets ayant un niveau d'éducation intermédiaire ou élevé par rapport aux sujets ayant un bas niveau d'éducation. Cependant, la mortalité ne différaient pas de façon significative entre ces trois groupes. Nous avons décrit une mortalité similaire entre patients ayant une maladie d'Alzheimer, une démence mixte ou une démence vasculaire. Les patients ayant une démence mixte avaient un déclin du MMSE plus important que les patients ayant une démence vasculaire mais moins important que les patients ayant une maladie d'Alzheimer. Enfin, nous avons montré que le risque de développer une démence vasculaire ou mixte augmentait de manière significative avec le nombre d'hypersignaux sous corticaux chez des patients ayant un mild cognitive impairment.
Ces travaux soulignent la difficulté de l'établissement du diagnostic des démences mixtes, la complexité de l'analyse du déclin des fonctions cognitives (prise en compte du stade de progression des démences, absence d'instrument de suivi des fonctions cognitives à la fois simple d'utilisation et sensible aux faibles variations au cours du temps ou non linéarité du déclin des fonctions cognitives), les avantages en terme de coût et de temps de l'utilisation de bases de données médicales, et les problème de sélection de la population issue d'une structure de soins.
Malgré les problèmes de représentativité des populations, ce travail montre l'intérêt de l'utilisation à des fins de recherche clinique de données médicales concernant des patients pris en charge en structure de soins.
Molé, Christian. "Intérêts de procédés de nouvelles technologies en chirurgie expérimentale : Implémentations de données médicales en modélisation surfacique tridimensionnelle et en reconstruction plastique par stéréophotolithographie laser : applications en implantologie maxillo-mandibulaire." Nancy 1, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1996_0380_MOLE.pdf.
Full textBruandet, Amélie. "Facteurs pronostiques de patients atteints de démence suivis en Centre mémoire de ressources et de recherche : exemple d'utilisation de bases de données médicales à des fins de recherche clinique." Lille 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00336252/fr/.
Full textShen, Ying. "Élaboration d'ontologies médicales pour une approche multi-agents d'aide à la décision clinique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100040/document.
Full textThe combination of semantic processing of knowledge and modelling steps of reasoning employed in the clinical field offers exciting and necessary opportunities to develop ontologies relevant to the practice of medicine. In this context, multiple medical databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed are valuable tools but not sufficient because they cannot acquire the usable knowledge easily in a clinical approach. Indeed, abundance of inappropriate quotations constitutes the noise and requires a tedious sort incompatible with the practice of medicine.In an iterative process, the objective is to build an approach as automated as possible, the reusable medical knowledge bases is founded on an ontology of the concerned fields. In this thesis, the author will develop a series of tools for knowledge acquisition combining the linguistic analysis operators and clinical modelling based on the implemented knowledge typology and an implementation of different forms of employed reasoning. Knowledge is not limited to the information from data, but also and especially on the cognitive operators of reasoning for making them operational in the context relevant to the practitioner.A multi-agent system enables the integration and cooperation of the various modules used in the development of a medical ontology.The data sources are from medical databases such as MEDLINE, the citations retrieved by PubMed, and the concepts and vocabulary from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS).Regarding the scope of produced knowledge bases, the research concerns the entire clinical process: diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and therapeutic monitoring of various diseases in a given medical field.It is essential to identify the different approaches and the works already done.Different paradigms will be explored: 1) Evidence Based Medicine. An index can be defined as a sign related to its mode of implementation; 2) Case-based reasoning, which based on the analogy of clinical situations already encountered; 3) The different semantic approaches which are used to implement ontologies.On the whole, we worked on logical aspects related to cognitive operators of used reasoning, and we organized the cooperation and integration of exploited knowledge during the various stages of the clinical process (diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, therapeutic monitoring). This integration is based on a SMAAD: multi-agent system for decision support
Belot, Aurélien. "Modélisation flexible des données de survie en présence de risques concurrents et apports de la méthode du taux en excès." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20709.
Full textIn epidemiology, the probability of survival (associated to the delay until death) of a cohort of patients is a key indicator of the impact of the disease. But, this survival may be estimated according to various causes of death; these constitute then competing events. In this dissertation, after presenting the analysis setting, we propose a flexible model to estimate jointly the hazards of competing events as well as the effects of prognostic factors in function of the time elapsed since diagnosis. Furthermore, this model allows comparing the effects of the prognostic factors on the competing events; it was applied to an analysis of data on an American cohort of patients with colorectal cancer. However, the causes of death may sometimes be missing or invalid (case of registries that do not routinely collect the causes of death). The statistical method of the excess hazard makes it possible to overcome the need for the causes of death by using the general population mortality to estimate the excess mortality directly or indirectly linked to the disease. An analysis strategy is proposed to estimate the excess mortality as well as the non-linear and/or time-dependent effects of the prognostic factors. In addition to death, the competing events method is also applied to intercurrent events such as relapse or metastasis. A model that combines the competing events and the excess hazard methods is proposed to estimate the hazards of intercurrent events and the excess mortality; it is applied to data from FRANCIM registries on colorectal cancer cases with curative-intent treatment
Guelfucci, Florent. "Utilisation des grandes bases de données longitudinales non cliniques dans la déscription des trajectoires pharmaco-thérapeutiques de patients atteints d’une maladie clinique." Paris, EPHE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPHE3002.
Full textLarge longitudinal and non-clinical medical databases allows researchers to describe the patient healthcare management and healthcare provider practices in real life setting over a long period of time taking into account interactions of various factors relating the patient health status and the health care system characteristics. Due to the quantity of information available and the data collection methods used, the large longitudinal databases are a source of information as important as difficult to handle. Their increasing uses pose a series of methodological challenges, especially when it comes to identifying and observing treatment pathways in patients with a chronic disease, as many incidental events may hide the key trends. The task is complex and there is still no consensus and a lack of transparency about the methods to use. The objective of this thesis is multiple: appraise the limits and advantages of using longitudinal databases in the description of pharmaco-therapeutic pathways of patients in healthcare systems and propose potential appropriate methodologies. Two types of longitudinal databases are considered as part of the thesis: (1) administrative claim databases insurance, (2) Primary and/or secondary care databases including data collected during visits or hospitalisations. A first part describes the different types of therapeutic management for patients with a chronic disease and presents the large longitudinal and non-clinical medical databases, their utility and function. Various comparative studies on chronic diseases are presented in the second part. It enables to understand the strengths and limitations of these databases to describe the treatment pathways. Each analysis has led to the use of a global approach and to the development of different methodologies and algorithms of definition of the treatment pathways. Those methods are criticised and compared. Based on this researches, the last part (1) enumerate the problems and pitfalls to avoid while using large longitudinal and non-clinical medical databases to characterise treatment pathways of patients with chronic disease (2) demonstrate the benefits of a simple and transparent global approach, reflecting the reality globally, not individually, to describe the different pharmaco-therapeutic strategies. These works lead to the conclusion that real-word efficacy assessments using large longitudinal databases can play an important role in drug development process in chronic disease, but this will only be possible through gradual progress and greater transparency in data handling. A methodology adaptable to the objective, the variable of interest, the disease characteristics and the treatment specificities can provide investigators a clear representation of the different possible treatment pathways, provided that this tool is simple and transparent
Gourmelin, Yves. "Optimisation de l'utilisation des systèmes de traitement des analyses biologiques." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120012.
Full textAzami, Ikram El. "Ingéniérie des Systèmes d'Information Coopératifs, Application aux Systèmes d'Information Hospitaliers." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VALE0013.
Full textIn this thesis, we deal with hospital information systems (HIS), we analyze their design issues, interoperability and communication, with the aim of contributing to the design of a canonical, cooperative, and communicative HIS, and model the exchanges between its components and also with other systems involved in the management of patient in a healthcare network.We propose a structure and a conceptual model of a canonical HIS based on three main concepts involved in the production of healthcare data, namely, the pathological case, the Production Post of Healthcare Data (PPHD) and medical activity itself. The latter, being modeled as a tree, will allow better structuring of the care process.However, in view of ensuring continuity of care, we provide an XML-based model for exchanging medical data. This model consists of a set of relevant data organized around five categories: patient data, data on patient history, data of medical activity, data of medical prescriptions and medical records data (images, reporting ...).Finally, we describe a solution for integrating hospital information systems. The solution is inspired by the engineering of cooperatives information systems and consists of mediation-based architecture, structured into three levels: the level of information systems, the level of mediation, and the user level. The architecture offers a modular organization of hospital information systems and helps to insure data, function and workflow integration
Cabon, Yann. "Modélisation statistique des données d'imagerie médicale : application dans l'asthme." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS014/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a solution for comparing and identifying air trapping profiles among asthmatic patients. Asthma is defined as a narrowing of the airways following irritation. The mechanical reactions associated with irritation affect the expiratory flow by reducing the bronchial lumen, and thus causing exacerbation. This air flow reduction leads to the non-evacuation of air from certain regions of the lung upon expiration, a phenomenon named air trapping. Though triggers are well known, the mechanisms underlying the irritation are complex and poorly understood, the lung being a complex internal organ. This work is primarily intended to detect and describe different trapping profiles which correspond to specific sensitivities of the bronchial tree between patients. We also sought to associate a clinical data with trapping profiles. This work is based on data from patient scans collected during a bronchial reactivity test designed to capture the evolution of airway obstruction. The statistical models consists of comparing trapping profiles in a standardized way. Such profiles are derived by isolating pulmonary parenchyma on CT images, then generating a data space with mathematical properties enabling analysis. In this space, trapping profiles are characterized by the distribution of their nearest neighbors. This makes it possible to obtain for each image a local representation of the trapping distribution. The estimator of this distribution is standardized by a theoretical uniform distribution, which further renders between-patient comparisons possible. Finally, a B-spline classification of standardized distribution profiles using Ward's unsupervised method was performed. These grouped profiles were then compared to clinical observations
Kronek, Louis-Philippe. "Analyse combinatoire de données appliquée à la recherche médicale." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0146.
Full textLogical analysis of a data is a supervised learning method based on theory of partially defined Boolean functions and combinatorial optimization. Its implementation involves a wide range of methods of resolutions of operation research. The purpose of this work is to continue on developing this method keeping in mind constraints relating to medical research and more particularly the elegance and ease of understanding of the result which should be accessible with basic mathematical knowledge. Three parts of this problem has been treated : efficient model generation, adaptation to survival analysis and optimization of the implementation of a new decision model
Texier, Romain. "Système de globalisation des ressources données-calculs : Application à l'imagerie médicale." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112230.
Full textThe transparency of access to computing power and data storage is the founding metaphor of the Grid. Grids target applications with needs for high end computing, data and network resources. Many of these applications, such as the ones belonging to the area of High Energy Physics, require little Human-Computer Interaction. For others, the ability of the human visual system to recognize and interpret complex scenes cannot be challenged. The interactive processing, including a visualization part, is embedded in a loop involving remote Grid computations. This loop implies a interactivity constraint for the Grid system. The Medical Image Processing is an application area example for which an interactive Grid infrastructure is both required and very challenging. This PhD thesis work targets a double contribution. First, the well established in clinical usage PTM3D application is ported to a Grid infrastructure. A generic high level middleware has been designed. It includes an application level scheduler and it meets the requirements of the medical user. Users access completely transparently to the Grid resources from their usual environment. Second, we address the problem of adapting the Grid middleware to support interactivity in a wide context. In particular, we achieve a quality of service adapted to interactivity with an efficient and fair share of the computing resources on a production Grid. The European EGEE Grid is the target of our development and deployment