Academic literature on the topic 'Donor hearts'
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Journal articles on the topic "Donor hearts"
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Akande, Oluwatoyin, Qun Chen, Stefano Toldo, Edward J. Lesnefsky, and Mohammed Quader. "Ischemia and reperfusion injury to mitochondria and cardiac function in donation after circulatory death hearts- an experimental study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 28, 2020): e0243504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243504.
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The ultimate treatment for patients with end-stage heart failure is heart transplantation. The number of donor hearts which are primarily procured from donation after brain death (DBD) donors is limited, but donation after circulatory death (DCD) donor hearts can increase the heart donor pool. However, ischemia and reperfusion injuries associated with the DCD process causes myocardial damage, limiting the use of DCD hearts in transplantation. Addressing this problem is critical in the exploration of DCD hearts as suitable donor hearts for transplantation. In this study, rat hearts were procured following the control beating-heart donor (CBD) or DCD donation process. Changes in mitochondria and cardiac function from DCD hearts subjected to 25 or 35 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion were compared to CBD hearts. Following ischemia, rates of oxidative phosphorylation and calcium retention capacity were progressively impaired in DCD hearts compared to CBD hearts. Reperfusion caused additional mitochondrial dysfunction in DCD hearts. Developed pressure, inotropy and lusitropy, were significantly reduced in DCD hearts compared to CBD hearts. We, therefore, suggest that interventional strategies targeted before the onset of ischemia and at reperfusion could protect mitochondria, thus potentially making DCD hearts suitable for heart transplantation.
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Large, Stephen, and Simon Messer. "Machine Perfusion of the Human Heart." Transplantology 3, no. 1 (March 18, 2022): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/transplantology3010011.
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This brief communication about machine perfusion of potential human donor hearts describes its historical development. Included in the review are both the isolated perfusion of donor hearts retrieved from heart beating and non-heart-beating donors. Additionally, some detail of in-situ (within the donor body) normothermic regional reperfusion of the heart and other organs is given. This only applies to the DCD donor heart. Similarly, some detail of ex-situ (outside the body) heart perfusion is offered. This article covers the entire history of the reperfusion of donor hearts. It takes us up to the current day describing 6 years follow-up of these donor machine perfused hearts. These clinical results appear similar to the outcomes of heart beating donors if reperfusion is managed within 30 min of normothermic circulatory determined death. Future developments are also offered. These are 3-fold and include: i. the pressing need for objective markers of the clinical outcome after transplantation, ii. the wish for isolated heart perfusion leading to improvement in donor heart quality, and iii. a strategy to safely lengthen the duration of isolated heart perfusion.
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Quader, Mohammed, Luke Wolfe, Gundars Katlaps, and Vigneshwar Kasirajan. "Donor Heart Utilization following Cardiopulmonary Arrest and Resuscitation: Influence of Donor Characteristics and Wait Times in Transplant Regions." Journal of Transplantation 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/519401.
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Background. Procurement of hearts from cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitated (CPR) donors for transplantation is suboptimal. We studied the influences of donor factors and regional wait times on CPR donor heart utilization.Methods. From UNOS database (1998 to 2012), we identified 44,744 heart donors, of which 4,964 (11%) received CPR. Based on procurement of heart for transplantation, CPR donors were divided into hearts procured (HP) and hearts not procured (HNP) groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of heart procurement.Results. Of the 4,964 CPR donors, 1,427 (28.8%) were in the HP group. Donor characteristics that favored heart procurement include younger age (25.5 ± 15 yrs versus 39 ± 18 yrs,P≤0.0001), male gender (34% versus 23%,P≤0.0001), shorter CPR duration (<15 min versus >30 min,P≤0.0001), and head trauma (60% versus 15%). Among the 11 UNOS regions, the highest procurement was in Region 1 (37%) and the lowest in Region 3 (24%). Regional transplant volumes and median waiting times did not influence heart procurement rates.Conclusions. Only 28.8% of CPR donor hearts were procured for transplantation. Factors favoring heart procurement include younger age, male gender, short CPR duration, and traumatic head injury. Heart procurement varied by region but not by transplant volumes or wait times.
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Shudo, Yasuhiro, Rhodalene Benjamin-Addy, Tiffany K. Koyano, William Hiesinger, John W. MacArthur, and Y. Joseph Woo. "Donors after circulatory death heart trial." Future Cardiology 17, no. 1 (January 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fca-2020-0070.
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Orthotopic heart transplantation is the gold standard treatment for end-stage heart failure. However, the persistent shortage of available donor organs has resulted in an ever-increasing waitlist and longer waiting periods for transplantation. On the contrary, increasing the number of heart transplants by preserving extended criteria donors and donation after circulatory death hearts with the Organ Care System™ (OCS) Heart System has the potential to provide the gold standard, life-saving treatment to patients with end-stage heart failure. The objective of the Donation After Circulatory Death Heart Trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of the OCS Heart System to preserve and assess hearts donated after circulatory death for transplantation to increase the pool of donor hearts available for transplantation, which can potentially provide patients with end-stage heart failure with the life-saving treatment. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03831048 ( ClinicalTrials.gov )
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Patel, Manish, Khashayar K. Vahdat, Sriram Nathan, Marija Petrovic, Pranav Loyalka, Biswajit Kar, and Igor D. Gregoric. "Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Replacement in a Donor Heart before Orthotopic Heart Transplantation." Texas Heart Institute Journal 44, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14503/thij-16-5789.
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Current criteria for donor hearts limit the number of hearts available for transplantation, despite an increasing number of recipients on waiting lists. We report the case of a patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy and refractory ventricular tachycardia who underwent successful orthotopic heart transplantation and concurrent aortic valve replacement with a donor heart that had displayed moderate aortic valve regurgitation. The patient was a 71-year-old man with a history of advanced heart failure, 5-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting, and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. He was not a candidate for repeat revascularization or myocardial ablation, so he was placed on the heart-transplant list as status 1A. On intra-aortic balloon pump support, the patient waited 51 days for a donor match to be identified. Despite the donor heart's having moderate aortic valve regurgitation, the decision was made to use that heart. We performed a back-table aortic valve replacement with a 23-mm St. Jude Epic bioprosthesis, and then performed the orthotopic heart transplantation. The patient did well and was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 11. This case indicates that expanding donor criteria to include otherwise healthy hearts with certain aortic valve defects is feasible, if surgical experience and expertise permit.
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Poleschenko, Ya I., E. S. Protsak, D. A. Druzhininsky, M. M. Galagoudza, S. M. Minasian, Yu Yu Borshchev, A. B. Kurilov, and D. L. Sonin. "Methodology of asystolic donor heart’s condition study in an experiment using small laboratory animals." Translational Medicine 8, no. 5 (December 18, 2021): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/2311-4495-2021-8-5-50-56.
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In transplantation, there has always been an acute problem of the discrepancy between the number of donor organs and the number of recipients, including donor hearts. There are various ways to increase the pool of donor organs, one of them is the use of asystolic or non-heart-beating donors. Due to poor myocardial tolerance of ischemia during the asystole period, as well as because of the difficulties in diagnosing cardiac diseases of the asystolic donor, which can be contraindication to transplantation. Therefore, an in-depth study of the state of the myocardium in asystolic donors is required. Currently, there is no generally accepted protocol for working with asystolic heart donors. This protocol should include methods of heart conditioning and assessing of myocardium state. For its development we need more experimental and preclinical studies. A protocol for such a study is proposed. The modeling of an asystolic donor using rats is described on the basis of experimental work carried out by a team of authors. The article describes the following technical aspects: anesthetic guidance, asystole detection criterion, maintaining the rat body temperature in accordance with the human body temperature during cardiac arrest, surgical aspects of performing the main experimental model. The Langendorff model of isolated cardiac perfusion was chosen as the main model for assessing the state of the myocardium of a small laboratory animal. Intra-left ventricular pressure, volume of coronary blood flow, heart rate and the presence of post-reperfusion arrhythmias were selected as criteria for assessing the state of donor hearts. Assessment of the volume of damage to the donor heart is carried out using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining of the donor organ.
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Poptsov, V. N., E. A. Spirina, V. V. Pchelnikov, S. G. Ukhrenkov, S. A. Masyutin, V. Yu Voronkov, E. A. Aliev, and S. Yu Ustin. "Perioperative period in cardiac transplantation from donors with brain death due to methanol poisoning." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 19, no. 1 (April 14, 2017): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2017-1-41-46.
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The successful use of donor hearts from people died of methanol poisoning helps reducing the deficit of donor organs for patients requiring urgent cardiac transplantation [3]. We present our experience of successful cardiac transplantations from 2 donors who died due to methanol poisoning. Given the possibility of performing a cardiac transplant from this group of donors a protocol has been developed at the V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation which includes clinical, laboratory and instrumental criteria for the selection of heart donor and recipient. The possibility of delayed onset myocardial contractile dysfunction due to methanol poisoning means that a longer conditioningperiod is vital as well as compulsory clinical, laboratory and expert chocardiographic examinations of the potential donor heart.
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Druzhininsky, D. A., Ya I. Poleschenko, E. S. Protsak, M. M. Galagoudza, S. M. Minasian, Yu Yu Borshev, A. A. Kutenkov, and D. L. Sonin. "Research efficiency of hypothermia prfusion of donor visceral cavities with circulatory arrest to prolong myocardium vital capacity of donor heart in experiment." Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 21, no. 1 (April 11, 2022): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2022-21-1-65-70.
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Introduction. In transplantology, there has always been a problem of organ donor shortage, especially hearts. One of the possible ways to increase the pool of donor hearts is to use donors with circulatory arrest, however irreversible changes in the myocardium after circulatory arrest progress rapidly, which significantly complicates the use of a heart removed from an asystolic donor for transplantation. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of hypothermic perfusion of visceral cavities (HPVC) as a method of prolonging the viability of the myocardium of the donor heart during asystole. Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on male rats weighing 200–250 g. The animals were divided into 5 groups, deepening on the duration of HPVC, carried out after a 10-minute period of normothermal asystole: control – 0 min. HPVC and groups with HPVC lasting 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. After complete of perfusion of the heart cavities, they were connected to a Langendorff apparatus to evaluate functional parameters and then determine the volume of necrosis. Results. By the tenth minute of the asystole, the core temperature of the rats’ body was 37.2 ± 0.3 °C. The size of necrosis in the control group was 4.1± 0.6 %. In the groups with a duration of HPVC of 30, 60, and 90 minutes, the size of necrosis was significantly higher than in the control (p<0.05), and was 13.4±3.6 %, 10.3±4.4 % and 14.1±3.4 %, respectively, but there were no difference between these groups. There was a significant increase of the necrosis size in the group with HPVC lasting 120 min compared with the HPVC lasting 90 minutes (24.2±7.1 %, p><0.05). Conclusions. Cold perfusion of the visceral cavities of an asystolic donor, initiated 10 minutes after circulatory arrest, can significantly slow the progression of irreversible myocardial damage in up to 90 minutes, which can expand the potential for the use of hearts from asystolic donors.>< 0.05), and was 13.4±3.6 %, 10.3±4.4 % and 14.1±3.4 %, respectively, but there were no difference between these groups. There was a significant increase of the necrosis size in the group with HPVC lasting 120 min compared with the HPVC lasting 90 minutes (24.2±7.1 %, p< 0.05). Conclusions. Cold perfusion of the visceral cavities of an asystolic donor, initiated 10 minutes after circulatory arrest, can significantly slow the progression of irreversible myocardial damage in up to 90 minutes, which can expand the potential for the use of hearts from asystolic donors.
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Poptsov, V. N., V. M. Zakharevich, E. A. Spirina, N. N. Koloskova, V. V. Pchelnikov, V. M. Khatutskii, A. I. Skokova, et al. "Perioperative period in heart transplantation with extremely prolonged ischemic times (>6 hours)." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 24, no. 3 (August 24, 2022): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2022-3-64-73.
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Amidst the shortage in viable donor hearts, the use of hearts from expanded criteria donors, including those with prolonged ischemic time, remains one of the real ways to increase the donor pool and number of heart transplantations (HTx) performed. The study included 38 recipients (33 (86.8%) men and 5 (13.2%) women) aged 11 to 66 (44.7 ± 12.0 years, median 48.0 years), who underwent primary (n = 37; 97.4%) or repeat (n = 1; 2.6%) HTx (retransplantation). Donor hearts (n = 38) with ischemic time ranged from 362 (6 hours 2 minutes) to 571 (9 hours 31 minutes) or 407 ± 52 minutes (median 400 minutes). In 33 (86.8%) of 38 recipients, the early posttransplant period was characterized by satisfactory initial graft function. Five (13.1%) recipients developed severe primary graft dysfunction, requiring post-transplant venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) (n = 4; 10.5%) or prolongation of pre-transplant VA-ECMO within 8 days of HTx (n = 1; 2.6%). In-hospital mortality was 7.9% (n = 3). Thirty-five (92.1%) of 38 recipients were discharged from the hospital. Three recipients died in the post-hospital period at day 734, 944, and 2146 after HTx. Thirty-two (84.2%) of the 38 recipients remained alive at the end of the study. Our own experience shows that HTx from donors with prolonged ischemic time could be effective.
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Ghodsizad, Ali, Viktor Bordel, Matthias Ungerer, Matthias Karck, Raffi Bekeredjian, and Arjang Ruhparwar. "Ex Vivo Coronary Angiography of a Donor Heart in the Organ Care System." Heart Surgery Forum 15, no. 3 (June 14, 2012): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf98.20111146.
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The international demand for donor hearts for transplantation is steadily increasing. Thus, longer transportation distances and explantation from sites with limited abilities for preexplantation diagnostics have to be considered. The development of the Organ Care System� (OCS) (TransMedics, Andover, MA, USA) may extend the extracorporeal period, with the possibility to constantly evaluate and interact during organ transport. One of the potential advantages of the OCS� is the ability to even perform coronary angiography of the donor heart, if a preexplantation angiography evaluation is not possible at the donor hospital and if significant evidence for coronary artery disease in the donor heart becomes known, because of the donor's medical history or after palpation of sclerotic coronary ostia. In this report, we present the first ex vivo coronary angiography evaluation of a potential donor heart that was performed in the OCS�. Upon explantation of the donor heart, sclerosis of the left coronary artery was palpated. After reaching the implantation site, a coronary angiography was performed by placing the OCS� on a catheterization table and inserting a 6F sheath into the access site of the OCS�. A 6F guide catheter was used to intubate the left coronary ostium. Injection of contrast agent led to strong contrast for visualization of the left coronary system. This procedure allowed sufficient assessment of the coronary arteries, which showed a slight diffuse sclerosis without any significant stenosis. This report demonstrates the advantage of the OCS� in the complex assessment of donor hearts after explantation. While the donor heart is still in the OCS�, not only is it possible to measure metabolic parameters and pressures, but even coronary angiography is feasible. With the increasing international demand for donor organs, such ex vivo examinations might play a more important role, because longer transportation distances can be accepted and organs from suboptimal donors without preexplantation diagnostics may be considered at donor sites with limited diagnostic options.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Donor hearts"
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Adams, William P. "Thyroid Hormone as a Method of Reducing Damage to Donor Hearts after Circulatory Arrest." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4766.
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There is a chronic lack of donor hearts to meet the need for heart transplant both in the US and worldwide. Further, the use of available hearts is limited by the short period between collection and implantation during which the heart can be safely preserved ex vivo. Using mid-thermic Langendorff machine perfusion, we have been able to preserve the metabolic function of a healthy heart for up to 8 hours, twice the limit for current static cold storage. We have also been able to preserve the metabolic function of a damaged DCD Heart collected 30 minutes after cardiac arrest for a period of 8 hours. We further investigated whether it was possible to improve the preservation of DCD heart using treatment with 10 μM Triiodothyronine to stimulate the tissue metabolism and we did find a reduction in damage markers in the treated DCD hearts as compared to the untreated group.
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Satur, Christopher Michael Raymond. "An experimental investigation of the potential of radioisotope infarct markers to quantify injury in donor hearts." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338432.
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White, Christopher W. "Resuscitation, preservation, and evaluation of hearts donated after circulatory death: an avenue to expand the donor pool for transplantation." John Wiley and Sons, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/32171.
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Cardiac transplantation is the treatment of choice for eligible patients with advanced heart failure; however, it is limited by a critical shortage of suitable organs from traditional brain-dead donors. Organs donated following circulatory death (DCD) have been used to successfully expand the pool of organs available for kidney, liver, and lung transplantation; however, concerns regarding the severity of injury sustained by the heart following withdrawal of life sustaining therapy have deterred the clinical transplantation of DCD hearts. Investigations aiming to optimize the resuscitation, preservation, and evaluation of DCD hearts may facilitate the development of an evidence based protocol for DCD heart transplantation that can be translated to the clinical area and expand the donor pool. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis are to develop a clinically relevant large animal model of DCD and gain a greater understanding regarding the physiologic impact of donor extubation on the DCD heart, demonstrate as a ‘proof-of-concept’ that utilizing an approach to donor heart resuscitation, preservation, and evaluation that is tailored to the DCD context can facilitate successful transplantation, and finally to investigate ways to optimize the resuscitation, preservation, and evaluation of DCD hearts for transplantation. The results of this thesis may then be used to inform the development of an evidence-based protocol for DCD heart transplantation that can be translated to the clinical area. The clinical adoption of such a protocol has the potential to expand the donor pool and improve outcomes for patients with end-stage heart failure.May 2017
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Pauls, Jo Philipp. "Development of a Passive Control System for Ventricular Assist Devices." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365268.
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Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death throughout the developed world. With the demand for donor hearts far exceeding the supply, a bridge-to-transplant or permanent solution is required. This can be achieved with rotary ventricular assist devices (VADs). Rotary VADs show a weaker response to preload than the native heart. This may lead to ventricular suction or pulmonary congestion, which can be deleterious to the patient’s recovery. A physiological control system which optimizes responsiveness of VADs may reduce adverse events. Active physiological control systems rely either on pressure and flow measurements or on estimated data. However these controllers may be limited by the low reliability of long term blood pressure and flow sensors or potential of inaccurate estimators due to changes in the VAD circuit (e.g. thrombus formation resulting in false estimation). A passive physiological control system might be able to overcome the limitation of active physiological control systems. This research project had three key aims: • Investigation of the steady state and time response of the healthy heart and circulatory system to changes in patient state (e.g. active postural changes and exercise). • In-vitro development and in-vivo validation of novel compliant inflow cannulae for rotary LVADs and RVADs to improve preload sensitivity of RBPs and provide a passive physiological control system for ventricular suction prevention. • Rigorous in-vitro evaluation of the compliant inflow cannulae together with various active physiological control systems previously presented in the literature under identical conditions.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Wiegemann, Thomas. "Analyse der Morphologie des Myokards, der Koronararterien und der großen Gefäße von Spenderherzen für Klappenhomografts." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14533.
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317 pathologisch-anatomische Befundberichte über die Morphologie des Myokards, der Koronararterien, der Aorta und der Pulmonalarterien von Herzen, die in der Homograftbank des Deutschen Herzzentrums Berlin in den Jahren 1996 bis 1998 für eine potentielle Klappenspende (Aorten- und Pulmonalklappen) seziert worden waren, wurden ausgewertet. 178 dieser Herzen stammten von Herztransplantatempfängern und zeigten naturgemäß schwere pathologische Veränderungen. Sechs Herzen stammten von Leichen. 133 Herzen waren hirntoten Menschen entnommen worden. Ursprünglich hatte bei vielen dieser 133 Spenderherzen die Absicht bestanden, sie für die Transplantation zu verwenden, was aus verschiedenen Gründen nicht möglich war. Ziel der retrospektiven Studie war die Erfassung der morphologischen Situation der Organe, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Gruppe der Spenderherzen lag.This work contains an analysis of 317 records with a detailed description of the morphology of myocardium, coronary arteries, aortas and pulmonary arteries of hearts dissected for the purpose of harvesting the aortic and pulmonary valves as allografts in the Heart Valve Bank of the German Heart Institute, Berlin, from 1996 through 1998. 178 hearts stemmed from patients who recieved heart transplants. Naturally these organs revealed severe pathologic findings. Cadaveric organs (non beating hearts) amounted to six. 133 hearts were taken from brain dead human beings. Many of these 133 donor organs were originally considered to be potentially usable for transplantation, but were discarded for various reasons. The objective of this retrospective study was to ascertain the morphologic state of the hearts with special focus on the 133 donor hearts.
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Wheeldon, Dereck Ronald. "Donor heart preservation for heart transplantation." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57723/.
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Heart transplantation has enjoyed a spectacular success over the past 25 years. Prior to 1980 less than 350 operations were carried out with an overall one year survival of less than 60%. In 1995 more than 3,000 transplants were performed with a one year survival of 83%. However, growth and improved survival have both plateaued over the last few years; the former because of the falling donor supply and the latter, in part, because of the use of less suitable donors in an effort to offset the problem of supply. Much attention has been focused on the drama of the surgery and the intricacies of immunological manipulation whilst little effort has been devoted to the area of donor management, despite the fact that primary graft failure is responsible for as many post transplant deaths as either infection or rejection. Optimum preservation of the donor heart has also provided a difficult challenge, such that, despite a considerable scientific effort little advance has been achieved to extend the 4 hour safe storage limit which has remained in place over the past 20 years. In this dissertation the problem has been approached by combining laboratory based preservation models with an objective regime of donor management. A sensitive isolated small animal working heart model was developed and used to characterise cardioplegic induction. Subsequently, the model was used to examine the interaction of oxygen content with the mode of delivery, during preservation. Finally, a number of representative solutions were combined with the most promising oxygen delivery method. These studies served to illustrate the utility of controlled laboratory studies and offer the prospect of more than doubling post storage function. The development of a rigorous donor management regime was also shown to be capable of reducing the variance in haemodynamic parameters by up to 44% whilst safely increasing the donor pool by approximately 30%. It is the contention of this thesis that the only prospect of improving the current impasse with the supply of donor hearts in sufficient quantity and of acceptable quality, is by the combination of appropriate laboratory models with controlled clinical trials.
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Stocks, Lisa Marie 1964. "Organ donor family experience." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291391.
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An exploratory-descriptive design was used to explore and describe knowledge and perceptions about the organ donation process of persons who had consented for their relatives organs to be donated. A 19 question mailed survey was administered to 110 people who met study criteria. Descriptive methods were used to analyze the data. Less than half of the respondents had discussed organ donation previously or knew if their relative carried a donor card, they indicated that they understood the concept of brain death and its cause. These families were positive about their decision to donate and perceived altruism as the most positive aspect of the process. The most difficult aspect of the donation process emerged as "reality of death." Nurses are a critical link in the organ donation process. Results of this study are useful for nursing assessment, diagnosis, and formulation of care plans for families in the position to donate organs.
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Tapson, J. S. "Prognosis after donor nephrectomy." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382508.
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Aitchison, J. Douglas. "Functional assessment of the non-heart-beating donor lung." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397348.
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Zafar, Farhan. "Risk Scoring Tool Based on Donor Characteristics in Pediatric Heart Transplantation and its Impact on Patient Survival." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470753184.
Full textBooks on the topic "Donor hearts"
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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Montana hearts. New York, N.Y: Steeple Hill Books, 2010.
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Zhongheng, Chen, ed. Xiao shou zhi shen jiao wo de 10 jian shi = Ten things I learned from Bill Porter. Taibei Shi: Ping an wen hua you xian gong si, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Donor hearts"
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Fukushima, Norihide. "DCD for Heart Transplantation." In Marginal Donors, 29–34. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54484-5_3.
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Fukushima, Norihide. "ECD for Heart Transplantation." In Marginal Donors, 35–47. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54484-5_4.
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Bernabei, Annalisa, Ilaria Tropea, Giuseppe Faggian, and Francesco Onorati. "Donor Management and Organ Procurement." In Heart Transplantation, 117–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17311-0_7.
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Wicomb, W. N., and D. K. C. Cooper. "Storage of the Donor Heart." In The Transplantation and Replacement of Thoracic Organs, 51–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0711-9_7.
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Shapiro, Lawrence E., and Tatiana Baron. "The Efficacy of Thyroid Hormone Therapy in Brain-Dead Heart Donors: A Review of Thyroid Function in Health and Disease." In The Brain-Dead Organ Donor, 91–105. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4304-9_8.
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Wicomb, Winston N., and David K. C. Cooper. "Impact of Brain Death on Storage of the Heart." In The Brain-Dead Organ Donor, 283–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4304-9_22.
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Zuckerman, Andreas, Arezu Aliabadi, and Gernot Seebacher. "Donor Heart Preservation by Continuous Perfusion." In New Solutions for the Heart, 249–68. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-85548-5_14.
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Squifflet, J. P. "Non-heart-beating donors." In Organ Allocation, 167–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4984-6_18.
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Grande, Antonino M., and Carlo Pellegrini. "Non-Heart-Beating Donors." In Multiorgan Procurement for Transplantation, 69–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28416-3_7.
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Feldman, David S., Sudha P. Jaganathan, and Parvathi Mudigonda. "Patient Selection, Pretransplant Management, Donor and Recipient Matching." In Heart Failure, 233–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98184-0_18.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Donor hearts"
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Saemann, L., F. Hoorn, A. I. Georgevici, S. Korkmaz-Icöz, G. Veres, M. Karck, A. Simm, F. Wenzel, and G. Szabó. "The Use of a Cytokine Adsorber during Machine Perfusion of Donor Hearts Preserves the Coronary Microvascular Function." In 51st Annual Meeting of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (DGTHG). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1742876.
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Zhang, Jiafeng, Pei Zhang, Kate Fraser, Bartley P. Griffith, and Zhongjun J. Wu. "Experimental Validation of Fluid Dynamic Numerical Models in Blood Pump Simulation." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80855.
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Heart disease affects millions of people each year. However, only a limited number of people benefit from a heart transplant due to the scarce supply of donor hearts. Ventricular assist devices (VADs) provide an alternative way to augment or replace the function of one or more chambers of a failing heart. Fluid dynamics in these devices plays a key role in their function and blood biocompatibility. Although current devices are more biocompatible than their forerunners, they still cause blood damage, such as hemolysis, platelet activation, thrombosis and embolization, which may result in serious clinical events and are directly related to fluid dynamics and artificial materials of these devices. Significant research efforts have been devoted to studying the device-blood interactions and minimizing these non-physiological fluid dynamic conditions to improve the functional characteristics and bio/hemo-compatibility of these medical devices.
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Chiu, Wei-Che, Yared Alemu, Bryan Lynch, Shmuel Einav, Marvin Slepian, and Danny Bluestein. "Comparative Studies of Axial Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD) and the Effect of Outflow Cannulation." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14102.
Full textAbstract:
Congestive heart failure has reached epidemic proportions in the United States with more than 5.7 million patients suffering from it annually ( 1). Due to the limited availability of donor hearts, patients in their late stage heart failure who may require cardiac transplantation are dying while waiting for a matched heart. Mechanical circulatory support devices (MCS), such as ventricular assist devices (VAD), are utilized as a bridge to transplantation, and recently as destination therapy for extending the life of these patients. Continuous-flow VAD offer a surgical advantage over older generation pulsatile-flow VAD due to their compact design; however, due to the high RPM these VADs are operated with and the non-physiological blood flow patterns they generates, VADs are burdened with high incidence of thromboembolic events, and antiplatelet/anticoagulation regimens are mandated for the device recipients.
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Korkmaz-Icöz, S., D. Akca, L. Shiliang, S. Loganathan, P. Brlecic, M. Ruppert, M. Brune, T. Radovits, M. Karck, and G. Szabó. "Left-Ventricular Hypertrophy in 18-Month-Old Donor Hearts Was Not Associated with Graft Dysfunction in the Early Phase of Reperfusion after Cardiac Transplantation: Gene Expression Profiling." In 49th Annual Meeting of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1705472.
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Fraser, Katharine H., M. Ertan Taskin, Tao Zhang, J. Scott Richardson, Barry Gellman, Kurt Dasse, Bartley P. Griffith, and Zhongjun J. Wu. "The Effect of Impeller Position on CFD Calculations of Blood Flow in Magnetically Levitated Centrifugal Blood Pumps." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19393.
Full textAbstract:
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality globally. Among various forms of cardiovascular disease, heart failure (HF) affects 5.7 million patients in the United States with about 670,000 new patients diagnosed for the first time annually (1). The fatality rate for HF is high, with one in five people dying within 1 year (1). The number of deaths has increased (1) despite advances in surgical treatment and new pharmaceutical therapies. Many therapies are available to treat patients with HF, including lifestyle changes, medications, transcatheter interventions and surgery. However, despite optimal medical and surgical therapies, some patients still do not improve and the available therapies fail to control their symptoms; for them, cardiac transplantation may be the only treatment option. However, only approximately 2300 donor hearts become available each year resulting in around 2200 transplants (1), or only about 6% of the estimated 35,000 US patients who would benefit from a heart actually receiving a transplant. To address the need to support the circulation in patients with end-stage HF a wide variety of mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs) have been developed over the past four decades. These MCSDs have been developed as a bridge to transplant, a bridge to recovery, and as an end stage treatment. They can be implanted as a ventricular assist device (VAD) to support the left ventricle (LVAD) or the right ventricle (RVAD) or two devices are used to support both left and right ventricles (Bi-VAD).
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Carter, G., and B. J. Gavin. "THE INTERACTION OF BLOOD ELEMENTS WITH ENDOCARDIAL ENDOTHELIUM DAMAGED BY LACTIC ACID." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643548.
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It has already been demonstrated that ischaemic metabolites, which could diffuse frcm a myocardial infarct in vivo, can cause substantial damage to the endocardial endotheliun and this could predispose to mural thrombosis.To investigate the role of ischaemic metabolites in the pathogenesis of mural thrombosis, lactic acid (pH6.4) was passed through a two-way concentric catheter ligated into the left ventricle of isolated beating rat hearts that were perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB) through an aortic cannula. After periods of 1, 2, and 4 hours, the lactic acid was followed for 10 minutes by 10 mis of whole blood from hepa-rinized donor rats. Ventricles were then flushed with KHB, fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and post-fixed in 1% osmium tetrox-ide in cacodylate buffer.Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that platelets adhered to exposed basal lamina, microfibrils and collagen but not to intact or damaged endothelial cells. However densely aggregated thrombi only farmed on regions of exposed connective tissue and never on basal lamina. Fibrin, leukocytes and red blood cells were associated with these platelet thrombi. Thus lactic acid and other ischaemic metabolites which could possibly diffuse in vivo from an infarct can contribute to endocardial damage which predisposes to mural thrombosis.
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McLeod, B., R. Sassetti, E. Cole, and P. Scott. "LONG TERM, FREQUENT PLASMA EXCHANGE DONATION OF CRYOPRECIPITATE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644024.
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In plasma exchange donation (PED), several liters of fresh plasma are removed fran a donor with a pheresis instrument as a source of cryoprecipitate, and replaced with autologous cryoprecipitate-supernatant from the previous donation. Repetitive PED can produce large quantities of factor VIII from individual donors over time, with a favorable impact on donor exposure for factor VIII recipients. To clarify the implications for donor safety, we report our experience with several donors who have undergone multiple PEDs. Detailed observations are presented for one donor who has undergone PED 101 times between 5/83 and 1/87, and has provided all the factor VIII needed by his son (now age 14) with severe hemophilia A during this period. Exchange volume was gradually increased while donation frequency was gradually decreased. There were 23 exchanges of 2 L, 52 of 2.5 L, and 26 of 3 L for a total of 254 L plasma exchanged. Desmopressin (20 meg tV) was given before 45 more recent donations to augment factor VIII yield. A total of 343,274 IU factor VIII have been collected; the mean (±SD) yield from a 3 L, desmopressin- stimulated PED is 5598 ± 899 IU. The donor has remained in good health; he has noted no adverse effects fran any PED, and none have been found in laboratory monitoring. Prior to the 100th donation the following were within normal limits: CBC,platelet count, urinalysis, SMA-18, protein electrophoresis, IgG, IgA, IgM, hemolytic complement, C3, C4, fibronectin, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, thranbin time, factor VIII:C (140%), factor VIII:Ag (134%), von Willebrand factor (86%) and fibrinogen (215 mg/dL). In another family, the father has donated 40 times since 1981 and the paternal grandmother has donated 31 times since 1984 with no untoward effects detected in clinical or laboratory monitoring. They have supported two moderately affected patients now ages 7 and 9. Extensive experience with these donors suggests that repeated PED is safe, and that a highly motivated donor can sometimes provide single donor support, even for a severe hemophiliac.
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Qush, Abeer, Manar E. Abdel-Rahman, Nader Al-Dewik, and Layla Kamareddine. "Assessing the Current Standing of Hamad Medical Corporation Blood Donor Center in Qatar and Developing a Forecast Model for the Blood Stock Needs during the 2022 World Cup Event." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0156.
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Background: In two years from now, Qatar will host the 2022 World Cup competition, which requires high level of preparedness and readiness in different sectors including healthcare. Among different subsections of health, the blood bank and the Blood Donor Center will have a major role in this event especially in case of unforeseen incidences. Accordingly, a proper assessment of the current blood resource availability and a prediction of future blood needs helps in overcoming any obstacle that could be faced during the event. Objectives: (1) Highlight the process of the blood supply chain, with a detailed delineation of the needed amount of blood components for both routine and emergency situations services, and outline the proper measures taken to deliver the safest and most appropriate blood units and reduce wastage of blood component. (2) Assess the current standing of the Blood Donor Center and corresponding units in Qatar. (3) Develop a forecast model that predicts the number of blood donors in the next four years as a method to evaluate the readiness of the Blood Donor facility to host the world cup event. (4) Explore the potential challenges that could be faced when meeting the benchmark of donation and established an action plan to overcome these anticipated challenges. Materials and methods: Both qualitative (interviews) and a quantitative (data collection and analysis) approaches have been implemented in our study. We also established a time series forecast model using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). Results: The number of donors in the next four years, which is predicted to increase by 26%, will not be able to be accommodated in the current Blood Donor Center facility. Therefore, the established blood stock benchmark will not be met despite that the Center and its corresponding units are fully equipped with high standard equipment and follow international guidelines in the process of blood withdrawal. Conclusion: Infrastructure improvements and logistics support for Hamad Medical Corporation Blood Donor Center are required to support the continuously increasing numbers of blood donors for daily demand and during mega events.
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Untaroiu, Alexandrina, Houston G. Wood, and Paul E. Allaire. "Computer Modeling of Fluid-Stress-Induced Blood Damage in a Mechanical Ventricular Assist Device." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11605.
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Congestive heart failure results the heart is unable to pump the required amount of blood to maintain the systemic circulation. World-wide, millions of patients are diagnosed with congestive heart failure every year, many of which ultimately become candidates for heart transplants. The limited number of available donor hearts, however, has resulted in a tremendous demand for alternative, supplemental circulatory support in the form of artificial heart pumps to serve as a “Bridge-to-Transplant”. The prospect of artificial heart pumps used for long-term support of congestive heart failure patients is directly dependent upon excellent blood compatibility. High fluid stress levels may arise due to high rotational speeds and narrow clearances between the stationary and rotating parts of the pump. Thus, fluid stress may result in damage to red blood cells and activation of platelets, contributing to thrombus formation. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate levels of blood trauma for successful design of a mechanical Ventricular Assist Device. Estimating the fluid stress levels that occur in a blood pump during the design phase also provides valuable information for optimization considerations. This study describes the CFD evaluation of blood damage in a magnetically suspended axial pump that occurs due to fluid stress. Using CFD, a blood damage index, reflecting the percentage of damaged red blood cells, was numerically estimated based on the scalar fluid stress values and exposure time to such stresses. A number of particles, with no mass and reactive properties, was injected at the inflow of the computational domain and traveled along their corresponding streamlines. A Lagrangian particle tracking technique was employed to obtain the stress history of each particle along its streamline, making it possible to consider the damage history of each particle. Maximum scalar stresses of approximately 430 Pa were estimated to occur along the tip surface of the impeller blades, more precisely at the leading edge of the impeller blades. The maximum time required for the vast majority of particles to pass through the pump was approximately 0.085sec. A small number of particles (approximately 5%), which traveled through the narrow gap between the stationary and rotating part of the pump, exited the computational domain in approximately 0.2 sec. The mean value of blood damage index was found to be 0.15% with a maximum value of approximately 0.47%. These values are one order of magnitude lower than the approximated damage indices published in the literature for other Ventricular Assist Devices. The low blood damage index indicates that red blood cells traveling along the streamlines considered are not likely to be ruptured, mainly due to the very small time of exposure to high stress.
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Bullock, John, Megan Grieco, Yingzheng Liu, Ian Pedersen, Wesley Roberson, Gracie Wright, Peter Alonzi, Michael A. McCulloch, and Michael D. Porter. "Determining Factors of Heart Quality and Donor Acceptance in Pediatric Heart Transplants." In 2021 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sieds52267.2021.9483760.
Full textReports on the topic "Donor hearts"
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Haider, Huma. Mainstreaming Institutional Resilience and Systems Strengthening in Donor Policies and Programming. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.101.
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This rapid review synthesises evidence on key aspects of mainstreaming institutional resilience and systems strengthening in donor policies and programming in FCAS (Fragile and Conflict-affect States) contexts, particularly in nutrition (food security), health, WASH and the economic sector. Institutional resilience is the ability of a social system (society, community, organisation) to absorb and recover from external shocks, while positively adapting and transforming to address long-term changes and uncertainty. Investing in strong, well-functioning and adaptable social systems, such as health, education and social protection systems, can build resilience, as this help to cushion the negative economic and social effects of crises. While development actors have established guidance on how institutions can be made more effective, inclusive and accountable, there is much less literature on institutional resilience and how development actors can help to foster it. Much of the literature notes a lack of systematic evidence on applying the concept of resilience. These gaps extend to a dearth of guidance on how development actors can mainstream institutional resilience and systems strengthening into their policies and programmes. This rapid review draws on common factors discussed in the literature that are considered important to the strengthening of resilience and particular systems. These may, in turn, provide an indication of ways in which to mainstream institutional resilience and systems strengthening into development policy and programming
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van Dam, Johannes, and Sherry Hutchinson. Access to treatment for HIV/AIDS: Report of a meeting of international experts. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2002.1000.
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As of December 2001, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS is estimated at 40 million, and most live in the developing world. Advances in the development and availability of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs have led to a paradigm shift in most of the industrialized world, where highly active ARV therapy has resulted in a significant reduction in the prevalence of AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. In most of the developing world, however, the focus of national programs and international support continues to be on prevention and care in the absence of ARV treatment. While the moral imperative to provide the best possible treatment for people with AIDS-related disease is widely recognized, national governments and donors have been reluctant to enter into this endeavor citing numerous concerns. Ministries of health and the international donor community need guidance on developing and implementing effective HIV/AIDS treatment programs. To explore and prioritize operations research questions about access to treatment for HIV/AIDS, the Horizons Program convened a two-day meeting of international researchers and program managers in Washington, DC, on June 12–13, 2001. This report presents the findings and recommendations discussed at the meeting.
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Avis, William. Funding Mechanisms to Local CSOs. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.089.
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Civil society can be broadly defined as the area outside the family, market and state. As such, civil society encompasses a spectrum of actors with a wide range of purposes, constituencies, structures, degrees of organisation, functions, size, resource levels, cultural contexts, ideologies, membership, geographical coverage, strategies and approaches.This rapid literature review collates available literature on funding mechanisms and barriers to local CSOs gaining access to funding and the extent to which funding leads towards organisational development and sustainability. Broadly, it is asserted that in terms of funding, local CSOs often struggle to secure funding equivalent to that of INGOs and their local representatives. Kleibl & Munck (2017) reflect that indigenous non-state actors do not receive large shares of development funding. For example, only 10% of the total funding for US-funded health projects in Uganda was allocated to indigenous non-state actors.Given the diversity of CSOs and the variety of contexts, sectors they work in and the services they supply, it is challenging to summarise funding mechanisms available to local CSOs and the barriers to accessing these. Recent analyses of CSO funding report that while the total CSO funding in many contexts has continued to increase in absolute terms since 2015, its relative importance (as a share of total Overseas Development Assistance) has been decreasing (Verbrugge and Huyse, 2018). They continued that ODA funding channelled through CSOs (i.e., funding that is programmed by the donor government) remains far more important in volumes than ODA channelled directly to CSOs (which is programmed by CSOs themselves).The literature identifies three principal mechanisms by which donors provide financial support to civil society actors: a) Direct support to individual or umbrella organisations; b) Via Southern government; c) Via Intermediaries – largely Northern NGOs.
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Brinkerhoff, Derick W., and Anna Wetterberg. Governance and Sector Outcomes: Making the Connections. RTI Press, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.pb.0019.1809.
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A critical issue in international development is how donor-funded programs can support sustainable and long-lasting changes in assisted countries. Among the factors associated with sustainability is improved governance. However, many donor-funded initiatives are focused on achieving results in specific sectors, such as health, education, and agriculture. How can how governance interventions contribute to achieving sector-specific results? This brief explores this question and discusses how international development practice has incorporated recognition of the links between governance and sector outcomes. The brief develops a stylized continuum of how governance elements relate to sector interventions and contribute to expected outcomes. We discuss factors that either impede or impel governance integration and close with some observations regarding prospects for integrated programming. The audience for the brief is the international development policy and practitioner communities, and secondarily, academics with an interest in the topic. Key take-aways include: (1) there is ample evidence of positive contributions from improved governance to sector-specific outcomes, but few guideposts exist for practical and effective governance integration; (2) barriers to integration include urgent sector priorities that overshadow governance concerns, requirements to demonstrate progress towards ambitious sector targets, and complex choices related to measurement; and (3) sustainability and self-reliance are major drivers for integration and are facilitated by the flexibility and adaptation that governance integration enables.
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Lucas, Brian. Approaches to Implementing National Action Plans on Women, Peace and Security. Institute of Development Studies, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.049.
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This report aims to identify a selection of programmes and projects undertaken by countries under their respective National Action Plans. It focuses on discrete, large-scale initiatives that specifically target aspects of the WPS agenda and aim to influence change outside the implementing agencies, rather than changing agencies’ own policies and practices. Common themes that appear frequently across these programmes and projects include: supporting global pools of technical capacity on WPS and on peacebuilding generally; training military, police, and other personnel from partner countries, including building women’s professional capacities as well as training personnel in WPS-related good practices; supporting WPS networks and forums to share experience and expertise; extensive use of multilateral mechanisms for channelling funding and for sharing technical capacity; extensive support to and collaboration with civil society organisations; initiatives focusing on combating violent extremism and counter-terrorism; initiatives focusing on preventing sexual exploitation and abuse in peacekeeping and humanitarian contexts; a wide range of commitments to stopping gender-based violence; and support for sexual and reproductive health initiatives. All of the countries discussed in this report also undertake considerable efforts to change policies and practices within their own agencies. In addition, all of the countries discussed in this report undertake a range of initiatives focused on individual countries; smaller donors, in particular, often focus many of their own programmes on single countries while using multilateral mechanisms to engage at the regional and global scales. However, in accordance with the terms of reference for this report, these types of activities are not discussed below. In the time available for this report, it was possible to review six countries’ activities. These countries were selected for inclusion because they had sufficient documentation readily accessible in the form of action plans, implementation plans, and progress reports; they are donor countries with significant international activities that may be considered peers to the UK; and/or they have been cited in the literature as being leaders in promoting the WPS agenda.
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Price, Roz. Climate Change Risks and Opportunities in Yemen. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.096.
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This rapid review provides insight into the effects of climate change in the Republic of Yemen (Yemen), with particular attention on key sectors of concern, including food security, water, energy and health. Many contextual and background factors are relevant when discussing climate-related impacts and potential priorities in Yemen. Limited studies and tools that provide climate data for Yemen exist, and there is a clear lack of recent and reliable climate data and statistics for past and future climates in Yemen, both at the national and more local levels (downscaled). Country-level information in this report is drawn mostly from information reported in Yemen’s UNFCCC reporting (Republic of Yemen, 2013, 2015) and other sources, which tend to be donor climate change country profiles, such as a USAID (2017) climate change risk profile for Yemen and a Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS) (2015) climate fact sheet on Yemen. Many of these are based on projections from older sources. Studies more commonly tend to look at water scarcity or food insecurity issues in relation to Yemen, with climate change mentioned as a factor (one of many) but not the main focus. Regional information is taken from the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) report in relation to the Arabian Peninsula (and hence Yemen). Academic sources as well as donor, research institutes and intergovernmental organisations sources are also included. It was outside the scope of this report to review literature in the Arabic language.
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Jones, Lee, Jenny Powers, and Stephen Sweeney. Department of the Interior: History and status of bison health. National Park Service, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2280100.
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The North American plains bison once numbered in the tens of millions, but only around 1,000 individuals remained by the late 1800s. Through the actions of private individuals and organizations, the establishment of a few protected, federally managed, herds saved the subspecies from extinction and today the Department of the Interior (DOI) supports ap-proximately 11,000 plains bison in 19 herds across 12 states. DOI chartered the Bison Conservation Initiative in 2008, which established a framework for bison conservation and restoration on appropriate lands within the species’ histori-cal range. With the recent announcement of the 2020 DOI Bison Conservation Initiative, DOI outlined a diverse range of accomplishments made under the 2008 Initiative and re-affirmed the commitment to work with partners in support of managing bison as native wildlife. Both the 2008 and 2020 DOI Bison Conservation Initiatives endorse a holistic approach, addressing health and genetic considerations, and recommend managing DOI bison herds together as a metapopulation to conserve genetic diversity by restoring gene flow. Bison conservation and restoration efforts must consider the significance of disease in bison herds and apply a multi-jurisdictional, multi-stakeholder approach to the management of bison on large landscapes. Robust herd health surveillance programs, both in the donor and recipient herds, along with strong partnerships and communication, are needed to protect the century-long success of DOI bison conservation and stewardship. This report discusses overarching principles affecting bison health decisions in DOI herds and provides detailed baseline herd health history and management, providing a foundation upon which the 2020 Bison Conservation Initiative vision for DOI bison stewardship can be realized.
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Khan, Mahreen. Public Financial Management and Transitioning out of Aid. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.145.
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This rapid review found an absence of literature focused specifically on measuring the impact of PFM and governance systems in countries that have transitioned from aid, by moving up the income ladder. However, there are a few academic publications and a limited number of studies by multilateral, such as the World Bank, that examine the role of PFM and governance systems in countries that are transitioning or have moved away from aid. However, the importance of public financial management (PFM) and governance systems in development is well established and seen as a pre-requisite for economic growth. To effectively transition from aid, most low-income countries (LICs) need to upgrade their PFM and governance systems to meet the different scale, resources, accountability mechanisms, and capacity-building requirements of a middle-income country (MIC). The absence of the above empirical evidence may be due to the complexity of measuring the impact of PFM reforms as the results are non-linear, difficult to isolate from other policies to establish causality, and manifest in a longer time frame. However, through comparative country studies, the consequences of deficient PFM and governance have been well documented. So impaired budgetary planning, implementation, and reporting, limited fiscal transparency, weak accountability mechanisms, resource leakage, and inefficient service delivery are well recognised as detrimental to economic growth and development. The literature on transitioning countries focuses predominantly on the impact of aid withdrawal on the social sector, where comparative qualitative data is easier to obtain and the effects are usually more immediate, visible, and may even extend to global health outcomes, such as in AIDS prevention programmes. Thus, tracking the progress of donor-assisted social sector programmes is relatively easier than for PFM and governance reforms. The literature is more abundant on the overall lessons of transitions from aid both for country governments and donors. The key lessons underscore the importance of PFM and governance systems and mechanisms to a successful transition up the income ladder: Planning for transition should be strategic, detailed and specifically geared to mitigate against risks, explicitly assessing the best mix of finance options to mitigate the impact of aid reduction/withdrawal on national budgets. The plan must be led by a working group or ministry and have timelines and milestones; Where PFM and governance is weak transition preparation should include strengthening PFM especially economic and fiscal legislation, administration, and implementation; Stakeholders such as donor partners (DPs) and NGOs should participate in the planning process with clear, open, and ongoing communication channels; Political and economic assessments in the planning and mid-term phases as well as long-term monitoring and evaluation should be instituted; Build financial, technical, and management capacity throughout the plan implementation This helpdesk report draws on academic, policy, and grey sources from the previous seven years rather than the usual K4D five-year window, to account for the two-year disruption of COVID-19. As cross-country studies on PFM and governance are scarce, a few older studies are also referenced to ensure a comprehensive response to the query. The report focuses on low-income countries transitioning from aid due to a change in status to lower-middle-income countries.
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Niconchuk, Michael. Whose Vulnerability? Trauma Recovery in the Reintegration of Former Violent Extremists. RESOLVE Network, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.16.vedr.
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Violent extremism has a trauma problem. Psychological trauma plays a role in the genesis, perpetration, and resolution of violent extremism. Despite evidence attesting to the positive effects of trauma-informed rehabilitation programs and trauma recovery support for armed combatants and criminal offenders, there has been limited donor interest or coordinated policy effort to meaningfully integrate trauma recovery into the design of rehabilitation and reintegration of violent extremists specifically. Research in global mental health confirms trauma is not only relevant to the emergence of violent extremism but is also a consequence of participation in violent extremism. While there is a general dearth of data on the psychobiological markers of trauma among extremist populations specifically, the limited data we have from child recruits, as well as from other conflict-affected populations calls for a more prominent role of psychological rehabilitation and trauma recovery in the reintegration of violent extremists.
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Ismail, Zenobia, and Topua Lesinko. Interventions to Address Discrimination against LGBTQi Persons. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.104.
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This annotated bibliography synthesises evidence on interventions to limit discrimination and abuse against people who are LGBTQi. In general, development agencies have strong commitments to LGBTQi rights in their strategy and policy documents. However, they avoid addressing LGBTQi rights directly through programming. Historically, international donor support for LGBTQi rights has been channelled through health programmes (especially those related to sexual health or HIV/AIDS) and democracy and governance support programmes. Recently, there is a trend towards integrating LGBTQi rights across a broader set of development programmes under the auspices of “leave no one behind”. The literature notes some barriers that undermine the extent to which international development interventions or programmes can address discrimination against LGBTQi persons. One of the barriers includes LGBTQi rights are still not viewed as a development priority but as a controversy in some settings, leading embassies to be hesitant to engage with them. Limited data and understanding of the various issues that are categorised as LGBTQi curtail the extent to which these issues can be integrated with other development programmes. The literature also observes that prejudice among staff at all levels in development agencies undermines their willingness to engage with LGBTQi rights and issues.