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1
Novak, V. L. "Infectious safety of donor blood." Infusion & Chemotherapy, no. 3.2 (December 15, 2020): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2020-3.2-234-236.
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Background. The main problems of the blood service of Ukraine at the present stage include the reduction in the number of donors, low quality of donor blood components and derived drugs, high prevalence of markers of blood-borne infections among donors, lack of long-term storage of blood components. Transfusions of blood components should be considered a serious medical invasive intervention, which can have both immediate and long-term complications, including transmission of blood-borne infectious diseases.
 Objective. Cover the issue of infectious safety of donor blood.
 Materials and methods. Analysis of literature sources and statistics data on this topic.
 Results and discussion. The modern concept of transfusiology is based, with a few exceptions, on the inexpediency and even harmfulness of transfusion of whole donor blood (WDB). When using WDB in military injuries or technological disasters, the examination should be performed not only before blood sampling, but also 6-12 weeks and 6 months after transfusion. Due to the exacerbation of the problem of infectious safety, in 2018 7.2 % of donors were withdrawn from blood donation and 1.11 % of collected blood was rejected. Viral hepatitis C was most commonly found in donors, and hepatitis B, syphilis, and HIV were less common. The prevalence of markers of HIV infection has decreased compared to the early 2000s (2009: 153 cases per 100,000 donations; 2019: 61.1 cases per 100,000 donations). The highest prevalence of HIV markers among donors in 2019 was noticed in Odesa, Khmelnytskyi and Kirovohrad regions, and the lowest in Luhansk, Sumy and Volyn regions. The highest prevalence of markers of hepatitis B among donors for the last two decades was observed in 2000 (1554.5 cases per 100,000 donations), the lowest – in 2019 (385.3 cases per 100,000 donations). The highest prevalence of markers of hepatitis B among donors in 2019 was noticed in Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk and Kirovohrad regions, the lowest – in Sumy, Rivne and Kharkiv regions. A similar situation regarding the dynamics of prevalence is observed for markers of hepatitis C (2003: 3107 cases per 100,000 donations; 2019: 539.1 cases per 100,000 donations). The highest prevalence of markers of hepatitis C among donors in 2019 took place in Ivano-Frankivsk, Rivne and Kirovohrad regions, the lowest – in Sumy and Poltava regions, Kyiv. The highest prevalence of markers of syphilis among donors in 2019 took place in Ternopil, Zakarpattia and Kirovohrad regions, the lowest – in Sumy, Kharkiv and Vinnytsia regions. In general, the worst infectious safety of donor blood was observed in Kirovohrad region, the best – in Sumy region. A separate analysis of data from registered donors and reserve donors shows that the registered donors are more reliable in terms of infectious safety. In addition to HIV, hepatitis viruses and syphilis, other infections can be transmitted with blood components. Currently, the list has expanded with a new coronavirus. It should be noted that modern test systems for detecting markers of infections are not perfect and there is a certain share of repeated results that did not coincide with the primary ones. Without the diagnosis of blood-borne infections in all donors with the help of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) it is almost impossible to guarantee the infectious safety of donor blood components and plasma preparations. Unfortunately, there is no absolutely safe donor blood and cases of blood-borne infections occur even in developed countries. Antihemophilic drugs undergo dual virus inactivation (chemical and thermal), however, the labels of these drugs do not mention the term “virus-safe”. Studies show that almost every domestic patient with severe hemophilia who has received blood transfusions is infected with blood-borne infections. Ways to prevent the transmission of these infections are the following: enhancement of medical requirements for donors, development of a system of transfusion chain procedures, creation of a national donor registry, introduction of screening of all donor blood by PCR and rapid tests (platelets), performing PCR and repeat testing of the quarantined blood, use of highly informative test systems, creation of regional reference laboratories for donor blood testing, introduction of methods of virus inactivation and virus elimination.
 Conclusions. 1. Donation is the only source of blood components. 2. Problems of the blood service of Ukraine include a decrease in the number of donors, low quality of donor blood components and derived drugs, high prevalence of markers of blood-borne infections among donors, lack of methods of long-term storage of blood components, etc. 3. The prevalence of markers of major blood-borne infections among donors has declined somewhat over the past two decades. 4. There is no absolutely safe donor blood. 5. Ways to prevent the transmission of blood-borne infections are the following: enhancement of medical requirements for donor recruitment, development of a system of transfusion chain procedures, creation of a national donor registry, introduction of screening of all donor blood by PCR, creation regional reference laboratories, introduction of virus inactivation and virus elimination methods.
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Quader, Mohammed, Luke Wolfe, Gundars Katlaps, and Vigneshwar Kasirajan. "Donor Heart Utilization following Cardiopulmonary Arrest and Resuscitation: Influence of Donor Characteristics and Wait Times in Transplant Regions." Journal of Transplantation 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/519401.
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Background. Procurement of hearts from cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitated (CPR) donors for transplantation is suboptimal. We studied the influences of donor factors and regional wait times on CPR donor heart utilization.Methods. From UNOS database (1998 to 2012), we identified 44,744 heart donors, of which 4,964 (11%) received CPR. Based on procurement of heart for transplantation, CPR donors were divided into hearts procured (HP) and hearts not procured (HNP) groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of heart procurement.Results. Of the 4,964 CPR donors, 1,427 (28.8%) were in the HP group. Donor characteristics that favored heart procurement include younger age (25.5 ± 15 yrs versus 39 ± 18 yrs,P≤0.0001), male gender (34% versus 23%,P≤0.0001), shorter CPR duration (<15 min versus >30 min,P≤0.0001), and head trauma (60% versus 15%). Among the 11 UNOS regions, the highest procurement was in Region 1 (37%) and the lowest in Region 3 (24%). Regional transplant volumes and median waiting times did not influence heart procurement rates.Conclusions. Only 28.8% of CPR donor hearts were procured for transplantation. Factors favoring heart procurement include younger age, male gender, short CPR duration, and traumatic head injury. Heart procurement varied by region but not by transplant volumes or wait times.
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Yushkov, A., N. Oding, and L. Savulkin. "The trajectories of donor regions in Russia." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2017): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2017-9-63-82.
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The article cosiders the dynamics of tax revenues and intergovernmental transfers in 27 Russian donor regions, which form the basis of the country’s budget system. A new classification of donor regions is presented, within which a group of regions that have lost their ‘donor’ status during the last decade has been studied separately. The paper also discusses the possible ways of increasing the financial autonomy of the regions and redistribution of taxes between federal and regional levels of the budget system in order to increase the number of donor regions.
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Abakarov, R. R., D. S. Tikhomirov, T. A. Tupoleva, et al. "The frequency of detection of anti-HBc in blood donors from four regions of Russia." Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology 66, no. 2 (2021): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35754/0234-5730-2021-66-2-242-252.
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Introduction. Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) revelation in HBV nuclear antigen testing is of particular importance to prevent transfusion infection.Aim — the identification of factors affecting the anti-HBc detection rate in donated transfusable blood components from different regions of Russia.Materials and methods. A cohort screening single-stage epidemiological study was conducted with 2,000 donor blood samples, 500 samples per each of four regions of the country, the Republics of Crimea (Simferopol) and Sakha (Yakutia), the cities of Saransk and Orenburg. Data on 968 blood samples from the National Research Center for Hematology’s donor bank were used as reference. The testing targeted HBV nuclear antigen antibodies. Positive donated blood samples were additionally tested for IgM and virus surface antigen antibodies using Abbott and Vector-Best commercial reagent kits.Results. Donor demographic profiles differed insignificantly across members of the Russian Federation. Males predominated among the donors (69.6 %). Anti-HBc was detected in 219 of 2,000 samples examined (10.9 %). The donor blood sample anti-HBc detection rate ranged from 6.0 to 21.6 %, depending on the region. Anti-HBc-positive proportions in Orenburg, Crimea, Mordovia and Sakha comprised 8.2, 8.0, 6.0 and 21.6 %, respectively (p < 0.01). First-time donors had anti-HBc in 8.06, regular donors — in 11.29 % cases. The anti-HBc detection rate varied with donor’s age, being zero or near 1 % in 20-yo or younger people. Acute HBV antibodies had zero rate in Orenburg at zero or low-titre (< 100 mIU/mL) protective antibodies; 31 total samples, 15 low-titre and 16 negative for protective antibodies. In Simferopol, acute phase antibodies were negative in 7 blood samples containing high-titre protective antibodies (> 100 mIU/mL) and in 5.0 % samples with their low or zero levels. In Yakutian donors, acute phase antibodies were revealed only at protective antibodies negative. In Saransk, this marker was equal-proportion at zero and high-titre protective antibodies (3.3 % each).Conclusion. Transfusion component procurement from younger donors should be prioritised as enhancing haemotransfusion viral safety. Positive occult HBV tests were less common in regions with low HBV incidence.
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Oniscu, Gabriel C., and John LR Forsythe. "An Overview of Transplantation in Culturally Diverse Regions." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 38, no. 4 (2009): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n4p365.
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Transplantation is one of the most progressive areas of medicine. Following its rapid development, organ transplantation has become part of the globalisation process, and is now available in all corners of the world in different social and cultural environments. Almost a decade into a new century, transplantation faces new challenges, with record numbers of patients on the waiting list, a scarcity of donor organs, inequity in access to transplantation, organ commercialisation, increasing living donation and the use of marginal donors. Probably more than in any other field of medicine, the cultural influences are very prominent in transplantation due to the complexity of the process and the ethical issues surrounding every step from donation, access to transplantation to outcome. These influences have led to different practical approaches around the world, which aim to be in agreement with the respective societal principles and moral values. Herein, we provide an overview of some of these challenges and their possible resolution in culturally diverse areas of the world. Key words: Access to transplantation, Living donor, Organ donation, Religion, Transplant laws, Transplant tourism
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Chen, Duojiao, Sheng Liu, Xiaona Chu, et al. "Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Single Cell Multiomic Analysis." Genes 14, no. 10 (2023): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14101871.
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into multiple cell types, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Osteoblast differentiation is reduced during osteoporosis development, resulting in reduced bone formation. Further, MSC isolated from different donors possess distinct osteogenic capacity. In this study, we used single-cell multiomic analysis to profile the transcriptome and epigenome of MSC from four healthy donors. Data were obtained from ~1300 to 1600 cells for each donor. These cells were clustered into four groups, indicating that MSC from different donors have distinct chromatin accessible regulatory elements for regulating gene expression. To investigate the mechanism by which MSC undergo osteogenic differentiation, we used the chromatin accessibility data from the single-cell multiome data to identify individual-specific enhancer–promoter pairs and evaluated the expression levels and activities of the transcriptional regulators. The MSC from four donors showed distinct differentiation potential into osteoblasts. MSC of donor 1 showed the largest average motif activities, indicating that MSC from donor 1 was most likely to differentiate into osteoblasts. The results of our validation experiments were consistent with the bioinformatics prediction. We also tested the enrichment of genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals of several musculoskeletal disease traits in the patient-specific chromatin accessible regions identified in the single-cell multiome data, including osteoporosis, osteopenia, and osteoarthritis. We found that osteoarthritis-associated variants were only enriched in the regions identified from donor 4. In contrast, osteoporosis and osteopenia variants were enriched in regions from donor 1 and least enriched in donor 4. Since osteoporosis and osteopenia are related to the density of bone cells, the enrichment of variants from these traits should be correlated with the osteogenic potential of MSC. In summary, this study provides large-scale data to link regulatory elements with their target genes to study the regulatory relationships during the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and provide a deeper insight into the gene regulatory mechanism.
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Eliseeva, I. I., K. S. Trott, and F. G. Mukhametzyanova. "CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF MODERN RUSSIAN DONOR REGIONS." Herald of the Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law, no. 2 (2016): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21295/2223-5639-2016-2-117-125.
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Potemkin, Ilya A., Karen K. Kyuregyan, Anastasia A. Karlsen, et al. "Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Voluntary Blood Donors in the Russian Federation." Viruses 16, no. 4 (2024): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16040526.
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Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an increasing concern in many countries. We investigated the detection rate of HEV viremia in blood donors in Russia. A total of 20,405 regular repetitive voluntary non-renumerated blood donors from two regions (Moscow and Belgorod) were screened for HEV RNA using the cobas® HEV test in mini-pools of six plasma samples. Samples from each reactive pool were tested individually. The average HEV RNA prevalence was 0.024% (95% CI: 0.01–0.05%), or 1 case per 4081 donations. No statistically significant differences in HEV RNA prevalence were observed between the two study regions. The PCR threshold cycle (Ct) values ranged from 25.0 to 40.5 in reactive pools, and from 20.9 to 41.4 in reactive plasma samples when tested individually. The HEV viremic donors had different antibody patterns. Two donor samples were reactive for both anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies, one sample was reactive for anti-HEV IgM and negative for anti-HEV IgG, and two samples were seronegative. At follow-up testing 6 months later, on average, four donors available for follow-up had become negative for HEV RNA and positive for anti-HEV IgG. The HEV ORF2 sequence belonging to HEV-3 sub-genotype 3a was obtained from one donor sample. The sequencing failed in the other four samples from viremic donors, presumably due to the low viral load. In conclusion, the HEV RNA detection rate in blood donors in Russia corresponds with data from other European countries, including those that implemented universal donor HEV screening. These data support the implementation of HEV RNA donor screening to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted HEV infection in Russia.
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Rekha, T. Shashi, and Chanchal K. Mitra. "Frequency Analysis of the Splice Site Regions in Different Organisms." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 4, no. 2 (2007): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2007-85.
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Summary We have carried out a comparative analysis of the sub-sequences of size six| ten at the (donor| acceptor) splice site regions of five different organisms. The frequency analysis of the unique sub-sequences at the donor and acceptor regions suggests that the distribution of their occurrence is approximately exponential. We have observed that the number of unique sub-sequences (occurring with different frequencies) at the donor region are less than at the acceptor, suggesting that the sub-sequences at the acceptor region are more variable. The sub-sequences with high percentage of occurrence (uniqueness) are considered to be highly involved in splicing. Our analysis suggests that sub-sequences of length ~6-8 nucleotides (nt) at the splice sites – with six bases in intron (including the two central, conserved dinucleotides) and two bases in exon are optimal for the efficient assembly and binding of the spliceosomal complex during the process of splicing. The score pattern obtained by the alignment of the nucleotides at the donor region with the acceptor and vice-versa also suggests that a single sub-sequence at the donor region have different degree of similarity with sub-sequences at the acceptor thus determining that the donor sub-sequences are more crucial in pairing with the corresponding acceptor sub-sequences during the process of splicing.
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Loginova, M. A., and I. V. Paramonov. "An assessment of the effectiveness of the search for unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donors for russian patients in the registry of Kirov Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia." Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology 19, no. 2 (2020): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2020-19-2-160-164.
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We assessed the effectiveness of the registry of Kirov Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, with a total of 35,117 hematopoietic stem cell donors recruited in 22 regions of the Russian Federation (as of 01 January 2019). It was established that a relatively small registry would be sufficient to find at least one fully matched donor for 43% of Russian patients. The sufficient representativeness of this hematopoietic stem cell donor registry is confirmed by the high concordance of established HLA haplotype profiles between the population of donors and the cohort of patients for whom a search of a matching donor was performed. This study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and Scientific Council of Kirov Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, FMBA of Russia.
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Conlon, P. J., and S. R. Smith. "Transmission of cancer with cadaveric donor organs." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 6, no. 1 (1995): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v6154.
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A case is presented in which each of the recipients of a pair of cadaveric kidneys developed metastatic carcinoma. One of the recipients died, and the other demonstrated involution of metastatic deposits after graft nephrectomy and withdrawal of immunosuppression. By the use of polymerase chain reaction of minisatellite regions of donor and recipient DNA, the donor origin of the tumor was conclusively demonstrated. Although a relatively uncommon complication of cadaveric renal transplantation, the transmission of cancer with cadaveric organs may become more frequent as older donors are accepted for organ donation.
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Wu, X., J. K. Moore, and J. E. Haber. "Mechanism of MAT alpha donor preference during mating-type switching of Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, no. 2 (1996): 657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.2.657.
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During homothallic switching of the mating-type (MAT) gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a- or alpha-specific sequences are replaced by opposite mating-type sequences copied from one of two silent donor loci, HML alpha or HMRa. The two donors lie at opposite ends of chromosome III, approximately 190 and 90 kb, respectively, from MAT. MAT alpha cells preferentially recombine with HMR, while MATa cells select HML. The mechanisms of donor selection are different for the two mating types. MATa cells, deleted for the preferred HML gene, efficiently use HMR as a donor. However, in MAT alpha cells, HML is not an efficient donor when HMR is deleted; consequently, approximately one-third of HO HML alpha MAT alpha hmr delta cells die because they fail to repair the HO endonuclease-induced double-strand break at MAT. MAT alpha donor preference depends not on the sequence differences between HML and HMR or their surrounding regions but on their chromosomal locations. Cloned HMR donors placed at three other locations to the left of MAT, on either side of the centromere, all fail to act as efficient donors. When the donor is placed 37 kb to the left of MAT, its proximity overcomes normal donor preference, but this position is again inefficiently used when additional DNA is inserted in between the donor and MAT to increase the distance to 62 kb. Donors placed to the right of MAT are efficiently recruited, and in fact a donor situated 16 kb proximal to HMR is used in preference to HMR. The cis-acting chromosomal determinants of MAT alpha preference are not influenced by the chromosomal orientation of MAT or by sequences as far as 6 kb from HMR. These data argue that there is an alpha-specific mechanism to inhibit the use of donors to the left of MAT alpha, causing the cell to recombine most often with donors to the right of MAT alpha.
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Mackinnon, S., L. Barnett, JH Bourhis, P. Black, G. Heller, and RJ O'Reilly. "Myeloid and lymphoid chimerism after T-cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation: evaluation of conditioning regimens using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify human minisatellite regions of genomic DNA." Blood 80, no. 12 (1992): 3235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v80.12.3235.3235.
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Abstract Determining both myeloid and lymphoid chimerism after T-cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) could be helpful in the understanding of the biology of engraftment and could provide a rational method of assessing the ability of different conditioning regimens to promote engraftment. We prospectively investigated the role of different pretransplant conditioning regimens in 29 leukemic patients post-BMT by assessing myeloid and T-cell chimerism using a rapid and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Minisatellites are hypervariable regions of DNA consisting of tandem repeats of a core nucleotide sequence, and allelic polymorphism results from differences in the number of the repeats. We used this variation to distinguish between donor and recipient cells post-BMT. Seventeen patients (9 sibling and 8 unrelated donors) received conditioning with hyperfractionated total body irradiation (TBI), thiotepa, and cyclophosphamide (Cy). Of the other 12 patients (all sibling donors), 11 received TBI plus Cy plus another agent: VP16, carboplatinum, or AZQ. One patient received TBI plus thiotepa plus VP16. All but one of the patients studied received marrow from HLA-identical donors. PCR analysis confirmed donor lymphoid engraftment within 8 days of transplant in six of six patients studied. All granulocyte DNA was of donor origin within the first 4 weeks of transplant, regardless of the conditioning regimen. The day +28 T cells were exclusively of donor origin in 14 of 17 patients who received TBI plus thiotepa plus Cy, but were mixed chimeric in 10 of 12 patients who received other conditioning regimens (P < .001). Early graft rejection was seen in one unrelated transplant recipient conditioned with TBI plus thiotepa plus Cy. Late graft failure was observed in 3 of 12 patients with mixed T-cell chimerism and in none of 16 patients with full donor chimerism at day +28. However, 5 of 16 patients who had complete T-cell chimerism at day +28 developed acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), whereas no patient with mixed chimerism had acute GVHD. Our results indicate that minisatellite PCR is a rapid and sensitive method for assessing chimerism post-BMT, that the donor T cells are important for consistent durable engraftment, and that TBI plus thiotepa plus Cy may be superior to the other regimens studied in inducing full donor chimerism. Larger numbers and longer follow-up are necessary to confirm these data and also to assess the relationship between complete donor T-cell chimerism and leukemia-free survival.
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Mackinnon, S., L. Barnett, JH Bourhis, P. Black, G. Heller, and RJ O'Reilly. "Myeloid and lymphoid chimerism after T-cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation: evaluation of conditioning regimens using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify human minisatellite regions of genomic DNA." Blood 80, no. 12 (1992): 3235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v80.12.3235.bloodjournal80123235.
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Determining both myeloid and lymphoid chimerism after T-cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) could be helpful in the understanding of the biology of engraftment and could provide a rational method of assessing the ability of different conditioning regimens to promote engraftment. We prospectively investigated the role of different pretransplant conditioning regimens in 29 leukemic patients post-BMT by assessing myeloid and T-cell chimerism using a rapid and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Minisatellites are hypervariable regions of DNA consisting of tandem repeats of a core nucleotide sequence, and allelic polymorphism results from differences in the number of the repeats. We used this variation to distinguish between donor and recipient cells post-BMT. Seventeen patients (9 sibling and 8 unrelated donors) received conditioning with hyperfractionated total body irradiation (TBI), thiotepa, and cyclophosphamide (Cy). Of the other 12 patients (all sibling donors), 11 received TBI plus Cy plus another agent: VP16, carboplatinum, or AZQ. One patient received TBI plus thiotepa plus VP16. All but one of the patients studied received marrow from HLA-identical donors. PCR analysis confirmed donor lymphoid engraftment within 8 days of transplant in six of six patients studied. All granulocyte DNA was of donor origin within the first 4 weeks of transplant, regardless of the conditioning regimen. The day +28 T cells were exclusively of donor origin in 14 of 17 patients who received TBI plus thiotepa plus Cy, but were mixed chimeric in 10 of 12 patients who received other conditioning regimens (P < .001). Early graft rejection was seen in one unrelated transplant recipient conditioned with TBI plus thiotepa plus Cy. Late graft failure was observed in 3 of 12 patients with mixed T-cell chimerism and in none of 16 patients with full donor chimerism at day +28. However, 5 of 16 patients who had complete T-cell chimerism at day +28 developed acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), whereas no patient with mixed chimerism had acute GVHD. Our results indicate that minisatellite PCR is a rapid and sensitive method for assessing chimerism post-BMT, that the donor T cells are important for consistent durable engraftment, and that TBI plus thiotepa plus Cy may be superior to the other regimens studied in inducing full donor chimerism. Larger numbers and longer follow-up are necessary to confirm these data and also to assess the relationship between complete donor T-cell chimerism and leukemia-free survival.
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Osikomaiya, Bodunrin I., Adebukola K. Orolu, Oluwatosin I. Adeyemi, Olayinka G. Animashaun, Araromi O. Ojabowale, and Oni O. Abimbola. "The role of social media in promoting voluntary blood donation during disasters: a short communication of the Lagos State bus-train collision." International Journal of Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2024): 30–34. https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20243804.
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Lagos State experienced a mass casualty involving a bus and a moving train on 09 March 2023. Despite only 0.58% of Lagos’s population donating blood, the Lagos State Blood Transfusion Services (LSBTS) leveraged Twitter, community outreach and blood collection centre expansion, to mobilize voluntary blood donors and meet the sudden increased demand. This short communication describes the role of social media, in driving community engagement during disasters, while assessing changes in blood donation patterns and evaluating donor awareness. Within one hour of the disaster, the LSBTS official Twitter handle, posted information about the critical need for blood including, locations of designated donation centres. Number of likes, retweets and views of the post was monitored daily over five days. Information on first-time donors, donor deferrals and donation campaign awareness were captured from the donor registration form. The LSBTS records were assessed for changes in pre and post disaster donation patterns. Over five days, Twitter engagements reached a historic milestone of 3966 retweets, 1953 likes and 296,446 views, driving 70.4% of donor awareness. Compared to an average of 48 individuals recruited per donation drive, 372 voluntary donors were recruited on day 1, an increase of 87.1%. Additionally, 849 donors were recruited during the disaster response, comparable to eight weeks of routine collection. A deferral rate of 32. 7% was noted with 65% being first time donors. Effective public communication remains crucial for donor recruitment and overall operational efficiency in regions aiming to improve disaster-response readiness in blood transfusion.
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Alcantara, Jerold C., Farhan Khalaf M. Alenezi, and Omar Hafiz Haj Ali. "Seroprevalence and trends of markers of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors: a 3-year hospital based-study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 12 (2018): 5031. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184773.
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Background: Evaluating the trends and rates of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) among blood donors ensure that supplies of blood are safe and a proficient donor screening is in place. Hence, the study assessed the prevalence and trends of TTI markers among blood donors in Hail, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A retrospective review was done using donor records in a 3-year period from January 2013 to December 2015. All samples underwent to mandatory serological screening. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used appropriately. Distribution tables were developed to discern the trends that exist and compare the prevalence rates among different age groups. Significant level was set at 5% (p<0.05).Results: Of the 11,162 blood donors evaluated, 1.5% was found positive for TTI markers. The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HTLV I/II, syphilis and malaria were 1.2, 0.04, 0.07, 0.2 and 0.02%, respectively. No blood donor showed positive for HIV markers. Majority of the infections were evident among replacement donors (57.3%). Greater number was observed from the age group of 30-39 years. Statistically, there was no significant difference among the various age groups.Conclusions: The prevalence rate of TTIs in this study is comparably lower than in other regions of Saudi Arabia and some countries, with no significant variation among the different age groups. HBV continues to be the highest rate of infections inflicting blood donors. Methods to improve donor retention, encouragement and recruitment of new donors have to be identified.
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Inoue, Juliana, Clarisse Martins Machado, Giselle Fernandes Maciel de Castro Lima, Maria de Jesus Costa Nascimento, Vergílio Rensi Colturato, and Silvia Maria Di Santi. "The monitoring of hematopoietic stem cell transplant donors and recipients from endemic areas for malaria." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 52, no. 5 (2010): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652010000500012.
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Malaria is an unusual complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in non-endemic countries. However, transplant candidates, recipients and donors living in endemic regions frequently report previous episodes of malaria. This fact could represent an important risk for immunosuppressed recipients that could develop severe malaria cases. We report a case of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in which the donor had a history of previous malaria, and close monitoring was performed before and after procedure by parasitological and molecular tests. The donor presented Plasmodium vivax in thick blood smears one month after transplant and was treated according to Brazilian Health Ministry guidelines. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was able to detect malaria infection in the donor one week earlier than thick blood film. Even without positive results, the recipient was pre-emptively treated with chloroquine in order to prevent the disease. We highlight the importance of monitoring recipients and donors in transplant procedures with the aim of reducing the risk of malaria transmission.
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Faleeva, Tat’yana G., Igor’ V. Kornienko, Igor’ N. Ivanov, et al. "DNA Identification from Sebaceous Sweat Fingerprint Deposits on Corpse Integuments." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 13, no. 2 (2018): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2018-13-2-97-104.
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The paper presents the results of a pilot molecular genetic study of sweat and oil residue left by the fingertips and hand palms of male volunteers (donors) on various regions of the skin surface of dead bodies (recipients) of both sexes. In cases of contact with female recipients donor-specific allele combinations were obtained for only 11.6% of autosomal loci and 12.9% of Y-chromosomal loci. Donor-specific traits were absent in 68.4% of autosomal loci and 87.1% of Y-chromosomal loci. In cases of contact with male recipients the full genetic profile was obtained for 18.6% of autosomal loci, and 64.2% of loci showed a lack of donor-specific alleles. Meanwhile, allelic combinations specific to female recipients were encountered in 40.5% of autosomal loci, and to male recipients – in 34.2% of autosomal loci. Results demonstrate poor adhesion of sweat and oil compounds from donors’ hands to the corpses’ skin, probably due to significant temperature differences between contact surfaces.
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Kairi, Jayant Kumar, and Manmeet Kaur. "How uniform is donor history questionnaire for screening potential blood donors: a critical analysis." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 10, no. 4 (2021): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20211024.
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Background: Transfusion of whole blood or blood products are a clinical necessity in numerous clinical conditions. Blood donated from healthy human volunteers is the only method currently available to acquire blood transfusion and production of blood products. Donor history questionnaire (DHQ) contributes immensely to ensure safe blood donation. The aim was to compare the donor history questionnaire for blood donation deferral of various regions and organizations with that of World Health Organization (WHO).Methods: An extensive internet search for donor history questionnaires (DHQ) for blood donation deferral of different regions, countries and organization was conducted. Seven such forms were found which could be downloaded. A critical analysis of these forms was conducted based on history pertaining to use of medicines, disease history or procedure undergone recently. A comparative analysis was conducted finally with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations on the issue of donor screening and deferral. Descriptive analysis was done for comparison of donor history questionnaires in regards to drugs taken, disease history and invasive procedures performed.Results: After the analysis of the DHQs, we found that despite many similarities, there were significant differences in the questionnaires. The differences were more with respect to questions asked about the medicines, both traditional as well as modern.Conclusions: DHQs analysed by us revealed wide variations in their enquiry from potential donors about exposure to prescription medicines as well as the disease history. A suggestion is that more questions related to alternative medicines, nutraceuticals and other similar xenobiotic should be included.
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Wang, Rui-Yu, Gregory N. Fuller, Teresa McQueen, Yue-Xi Shi, Richard E. Champlin, and Michael Andreeff. "Distribution and Differentiation of Donor-Derived Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Various Areas of the Human Brain." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1685.1685.
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Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) resident in the bone marrow or in circulation, have shown the capacity of transdifferentiation into mature neuronal lineages in the brain (Joanna E et al, Stem Cells 2004, 22:487–500 and Cogle et al, The Lancet, 2004, 363:1432–1437). To determine whether this phenomenon occurs at different frequencies in different regions of the brain, immunohistochemical staining with anti-neuron antibody (brown nuclear localization) and anti-CD45 antibody (leukocyte marker, red cytoplasm localization) combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (chromosome X and Y), were performed on autopsy samples from different regions of the brain of two leukemia patients who had undergone sex-mismatched bone marrow transplantation to identify donor-derived neuron and donor leukocytes. The regions of human brain analyzed included midbrain, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulbs, medulla, pons, and parietal cortex. The distribution of donor-derived leukocytes and donor-derived transdifferentiated neuron in various regions of the bone marrow transplanted recipient’s brain was analyzed in two cases. Approximately 16,500–45,720 cells (average 32,300 cells) on each tissue section were analyzed. For the deep hypercellular granular layer and molecular layer of cerebellum about 343,000 cells were analyzed. An increased percentage of donor leukocytes was found in the hippocampus in both cases (0.8% in case 1 and 1.4% in case 2). In case 1, an increased percentage of donor leukocytes were also found in the pons (0.9%) and olfactory bulbs (1.2%). Transdifferentiation of donor-derived bone marrow stem cells was determined by enumeration of donor-derived mature neuronal cells as percentage in total chromosome XY - positive cells in each region of the brain. The frequency of donor-derived neurons was between 0.6% to 1.7% in cerebellum (0.6% in case 1 and 0.7% in case 2), medulla (1.6% in case 1 and 1.0% in case 2), hippocampus (0.7% in case 1 and 0.6% in case 2), and olfactory bulbs (0.8% in case 1). We did not find donor-derived transdifferentiated neuronal cells in the medulla, pons and parietal cortex in both cases. To determine whether CD34+ cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have higher potential to differentiation into mature neurons, CD34+ cells and MSC were cultured in transwells with mouse brain extract, respectively. The expression level of neuron specific gene was analyzed after 4 days using western blotting. The levels in CD34+ cells were 1.14-fold higher than in MSC. No neuron specific gene expression was found in CD34+ cells and MSC. These results suggested that 1) the different frequencies of donor leukocytes in regions indicate that the engraftment of circulated donor cells is different in different regions of the brain. 2) Donor-derived mature neurons were found in regions of the midbrain, cerebellum, hippocampus and olfactory bulbs. No donor-derived neurons were found in medulla, pons, and parietal cortex in the two cases analyzed. 3) CD34+ cells have higher potential to differentiation into neurons than MSC.
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Scuracchio, Patricia, Sergio Domingos Vieira, Denise Albuquerque Dourado, et al. "Transfusion-transmitted malaria: case report of asymptomatic donor harboring Plasmodium malariae." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 53, no. 1 (2011): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652011000100010.
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Malaria in Brazil is endemic in the Amazon region, but autochthonous cases with low parasitaemia occur in the Atlantic Forest area of the country. According to Brazilian legislation no test is mandatory for blood donors from non-endemic areas. However if they have traveled to malaria transmission regions they are deferred for six months before they can donate. This report describes a transfusion-transmitted malaria case in Sao Paulo, Brazil, where one recipient received infected blood and developed the disease. He lived in Sao Paulo and had no previous transfusion or trips to endemic areas, including those of low endemicity, such as Atlantic Forest. Thick blood smears confirmed Plasmodiummalariae. All donors lived in Sao Paulo and one of them (Donor 045-0) showed positive hemoscopy and PCR. This asymptomatic donor had traveled to Juquia, in the Atlantic Forest area of S ao Paulo State, where sporadic cases of autochthonous malaria are described. DNA assay revealed P. malariae in the donor's (Donor 045-0) blood. Serum archives of the recipient and of all blood donors were analyzed by ELISA using both P. vivax and P. falciparum antigens, and IFAT with P. malariae. Donor 045-0's serum was P. malariae IFAT positive and the P. vivax ELISA was reactive. In addition, two out of 44 donors' archive sera were also P. vivax ELISA reactive. All sera were P. falciparum ELISA negative. This case suggests the need of reviewing donor selection criteria and deferral strategies to prevent possible cases of transfusion-transmitted malaria.
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Khomenko, Liliia, and Vladyslav Liubchak. "Study of development prospects of blood service enterprises depending on the type of donation." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 2 (2023): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2023.2-01.
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The blood service is a strategically important branch of the state. The basis of safe blood supply is the popularization of regular (repeated) voluntary free blood donors, because they support the lowest risk of infection. In Ukraine, between 2012 and 2020, the number of donors decreased almost halved, during a war blood needs increased by 30–60%, and blood shortages increased even more. The purpose of the article is to determine and study the prospects for the development of blood service enterprises depending on the type of donation. In countries with a high level of collected blood, the share of regular donors is more than 80%, and paid and family donations are mostly absent. In Ukraine, on average, the share of repeat (regular) donors increased from 7% to 15% during 2012–2020 and remains very low comparing with almost European countries. It was established that there are close inverse relationships between the share of regular donors and the share of erythrocyte mass write-offs (-0.98), between the share of regular donors and the share of donor deferrals (-0.96), and between the share of regular donors and the share of shortages of preserved donor blood (–0.70). There is also a close direct relationship between the share of donor deferrals and the share of erythrocyte mass write-offs (0.94), as well as an average direct relationship between the share of donor deferrals and the share of shortages of preserved donor blood. In the Sumy region, the number of donors increased by 2.5 times, the share of regular donors tripled and reached 74% in 2020, and the number of donations per 1,000 population increased by 6.5 times and reached 61.7. In the Kharkiv region, the number of donors and the number of donations remained at approximately the same level, but the share of regular donors increased by 1.7 times and reached 33.3%. In both regions, during 2012–2020, the share of erythrocyte mass write-offs and shortages of preserved donor blood decreased to the level of less than 1%. The share of donor deferrals also tends to decrease. All this indicates an increase in blood safety. It is estimated that increasing the share of regular donors to 80% at the national level can lead to savings in the amount of UAH 86 million 76.4 thousand during the year. The authors justified the need to develop strategies for converting primary donors into permanent ones.
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Hyland, CA, LC Wolter, and A. Saul. "Three unrelated Rh D gene polymorphisms identified among blood donors with Rhesus CCee (r'r') phenotypes." Blood 84, no. 1 (1994): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v84.1.321.321.
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Abstract Human red blood cells are traditionally typed as Rhesus (Rh)-positive or -negative depending on the presence or absence of the Rh D antigen. A recent report demonstrated that the Rh D gene is completely absent in Rh D-negative individuals. In this study, Rh D-negative blood donors with ccee (n = 25) and CCee (n = 3) phenotypes were examined for the presence of absence of the D gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) probes that hybridize to the 5' and 3' regions of the Rh CcEe gene and the closely related D gene were used in a Southern analysis. The D gene was absent in all ccee phenotypes examined. The CCee phenotypes showed three Rh D polymorphisms: one donor lacked the D gene, one donor had a partial deletion on one D gene at the 3' region, and the remaining donor appeared to have one normal D gene within the intron/exon regions examined. We conclude that, while the D gene may be absent in the majority of Rh D-negative phenotypes, rarer polymorphisms also occur that prevent expression of the D antigen resulting in the Rh D-negative phenotype.
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Hyland, CA, LC Wolter, and A. Saul. "Three unrelated Rh D gene polymorphisms identified among blood donors with Rhesus CCee (r'r') phenotypes." Blood 84, no. 1 (1994): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v84.1.321.bloodjournal841321.
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Human red blood cells are traditionally typed as Rhesus (Rh)-positive or -negative depending on the presence or absence of the Rh D antigen. A recent report demonstrated that the Rh D gene is completely absent in Rh D-negative individuals. In this study, Rh D-negative blood donors with ccee (n = 25) and CCee (n = 3) phenotypes were examined for the presence of absence of the D gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) probes that hybridize to the 5' and 3' regions of the Rh CcEe gene and the closely related D gene were used in a Southern analysis. The D gene was absent in all ccee phenotypes examined. The CCee phenotypes showed three Rh D polymorphisms: one donor lacked the D gene, one donor had a partial deletion on one D gene at the 3' region, and the remaining donor appeared to have one normal D gene within the intron/exon regions examined. We conclude that, while the D gene may be absent in the majority of Rh D-negative phenotypes, rarer polymorphisms also occur that prevent expression of the D antigen resulting in the Rh D-negative phenotype.
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Koshevoy, O. S. "DIAGNOSTICS BY POPULATION OF THE CURRENT STATE OF IN THE HEALTH SYSTEM THE REGIONS." Economics Profession Business, no. 2 (June 7, 2024): 36–43. https://doi.org/10.14258/epb202421.
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The development and improvement of the healthcare system of the Russian Federation is receiving constant attention from the legislative and executive authorities. And if the success in this activity is obvious for the donor regions, which include 23 subjects of the Russian Federation, where the healthcare system can afford serious material and financial investments aimed at improving the indicators of the healthcare system. For the rest of the Russian regions, despite the assistance of federal authorities, investments in healthcare are significantly inferior to donor regions. At the same time, even on a regional scale, there is a significant unevenness among donor regions in the indicators characterizing the health care system. Based on this, the state of the healthcare system on a regional scale is an urgent task. As research on the healthcare system in the regions accumulates, it is possible to begin forming generalized directions and, as a result, criteria for the quality of the healthcare system in subsidized regions.
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Shroff, Zubin Cyrus, Susan P. Sparkes, Ligia Paina, et al. "Managing transitions from external assistance: cross-national learning about sustaining effective coverage." Health Policy and Planning 39, Supplement_1 (2024): i50—i64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czad101.
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Abstract The often-prominent role of external assistance in health financing in low- and middle-income countries raises the question of how such resources can enable the sustained or even expanded coverage of key health services and initiatives even after donor funding is no longer available. In response to this question, this paper analyses the process and outcomes of donor transitions in health—where countries or regions within countries are no longer eligible to receive grants or concessional loans from external sources based on eligibility criteria or change in donor policy. The comparative analysis of multiple donor transitions in four countries—China, Georgia, Sri Lanka and Uganda—identifies 16 factors related to policy actors, policy process, the content of donor-funded initiatives and the broader political-economic context that were associated with sustained coverage of previously donor supported interventions. From a contextual standpoint, these factors relate to favourable economic and political environments for domestic systems to prioritize coverage for donor-supported interventions. Clear and transparent transition processes also enabled a smoother transition. How the donor-supported initiatives and services were organized within the context of the overall health system was found to be critically important, both before and during the transition process. This includes a targeted approach to integrate, strengthen and align key elements of the governance, financing, input management and service delivery arrangements with domestic systems. The findings of this analysis have important implications for how both donors and country policy makers can better structure external assistance that enables sustained coverage regardless of the source of funding. In particular, donors can better support sustained coverage through supporting long-term structural and institutional reform, clear co-financing policies, ensuring alignment with local salary scales and engaging with communities to ensure a continued focus on equitable access post-transition.
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Cohen, B., SMC McGrath, J. De Meester, Y. Vanrenterghem, and GG Persijn. "Trends in organ donation." Clinical Transplantation 12, no. 6 (1998): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0012.1998.tb01009.x.
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Renal and extrarenal transplant data were collected for seven geographical regions for the period 1989‐1996. In Western Europe and North America the number of kidney donors increased by 926 and 2743, respectively. The total number of transplants also increased in both regions by 3756 and 6936, respectively. Renal transplants accounted for approximately 60% of the total number of transplants and, although the number of renal transplants did not alter in Western Europe, the number rose by 3055 in North America. Outside of these regions the number of extrarenal transplants was 3‐18% of the total. The number of living kidney donors in North America increased each year and was higher than the number recruited in Western Europe (3389 vs 943 in 1996). With the exception of Eastern Europe, where virtually no renal transplants were carried out using organs from living donors, the number of living kidney donors rose in other regions: for example, in Latin America, the proportion of living kidney donors rose from 29% in 1970‐88 to 51% in 1995, and, in Asia, 90% of kidneys were donated by living donors. As the quality of cadaveric donor organs is often sub‐optimal, the use of living donors is likely to increase in both Western Europe and North America, but is unlikely to become the most important source of organs in these regions.
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Castilho, Lilian, Sara Lustigman, Marion Reid, et al. "Ss Polymorphisms Carried on GPB in Brazilian Malaria Infected and Non-Infected Individuals." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1342.1342.
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Abstract Background: The present study was carried out to compare the Ss blood group polymorphisms carried on GPB in patients infected by malaria (n=51–100) with blood donors (n=100–170) living under the same conditions in a malaria endemic region of the Brazilian Amazon (Macapá, Belém, Porto Velho and Rio Branco). The blood donors had no clinical signs for malaria, their thick blood film exam was negative and they reported during the interview that they had no prior episodes of malaria. Methods: Blood donors and individuals having only P. falciparum infected were identified and their blood was used for Ss phenotyping in gel cards (DiaMed-AG) and to prepare DNA for Ss genotyping and associations studies. The Ss polymorphisms were genotyped by allele-specific (AS)-PCR. Results: Comparison between the frequencies of the Ss phenotypes/genotypes in the two studied groups in each endemic area showed a significant correlation between the frequency of individual carrying the S+s+ or S+s- phenotypes/genotypes and incidence of malaria infection in three regions of the study; Rio Branco, Porto Velho and Belem. The presence of the S antigen was significantly more frequent in malaria patients when compared with the blood donors in three regions of the study; Rio Branco (60.8 vs. 38%), Porto Velho (53.1 vs. 38%) and Belem (62 vs. 50%). As a confirmation, we also found that the S-s+ phenotype in the three regions was contributing to resistance to infection with malaria, as it was significantly more frequent in the donor population than in infected individuals. Importantly, there are approximately 1.5 times more copies of GPB in S+s- than in S-s+ RBCs. S+s+ RBCs have an intermediate amount of GPB. When we combined the results from the four regions and analyzed the 64 P. falciparum (Pf) positive individuals vs. the total 63 blood donors, 46 P. falciparum positive individuals (71.8%) carried the S+ phenotype on the GPB whereas in normal donor population only 30 individuals (47.6%) carried the S antigen.. In this analysis, the presence of the S antigen was significantly more frequent in the P. falciparum patients when compared with the blood donors (P = 0.006). Conversely, the S-s+ phenotype in the four regions was contributing to resistance to P. falciparum infection, as it was significantly more frequent in the donor population (52.3%) than in infected individuals (28.1%). Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that the expression of the S antigen on GPB is associated not only with incidence of malaria infection, but more importantly, with incidence of P. falciparum infection. These preliminary results open up the opportunity to study the utilization of the GPB invasion pathway, in particular via a domain that contains the S antigen, by the P. falciparum field isolates of Brazil.
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Samblas, Mirian, J. Alfredo Martínez, and Fermín Milagro. "Folic Acid Improves the Inflammatory Response in LPS-Activated THP-1 Macrophages." Mediators of Inflammation 2018 (July 4, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1312626.
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DNA methylation has been suggested as a regulatory mechanism behind some inflammatory processes. The physiological actions of methyl donors, such as folic acid, choline, and vitamin B12 on inflammation-related disease have been associated with the synthesis of the universal methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of folic acid, choline, vitamin B12, and a combination of all on preventing the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced inflammatory response in human THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells. Folic acid and the mixture of methyl donors reduced interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) expression as well as protein secretion by these cells. Folic acid and choline decreased C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) mRNA levels. In addition to this, the methyl donor mixture reduced Cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) expression, but increased serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1) expression. All methyl donors increased methylation levels in CpGs located in IL1B, SERPINE1, and interleukin 18 (IL18) genes. However, TNF methylation was not modified. After treatment with folic acid and the methyl donor mixture, ChIP analysis showed no change in the binding affinity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to IL1B and TNF promoter regions after the treatment with folic acid and the methyl donor mixture. The findings of this study suggest that folic acid might contribute to the control of chronic inflammation in inflammatory-related disease.
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Ueda, Masumi, Jake Higgins, Thomas Smith, et al. "Abstract LB063: Duplex Sequencing reveals ubiquitous clonal hematopoiesis and complex donor-recipient clonal dynamics following HSCT." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (2022): LB063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-lb063.
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Abstract Clonal hematopoiesis (CH aka CHIP) is the process whereby otherwise healthy individuals accumulate clones bearing low-frequency somatic mutations in hematologic malignancy (HM) driver genes. Historically thought to be a phenomenon of the elderly that is associated with increased risk of HM and cardiovascular disease, CH has been observed in increasingly younger cohorts as sequencing technology has advanced. CH in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) donors has also been associated with adverse recipient outcomes. In this retrospective analysis, we asked whether CH mutations preferentially expanded in recipients vs. donors in paired samples collected a median of 34 years post-HSCT (range 6-45). 16 donor-recipient pairs were analyzed, 11 of which had a donor sample collected pre-HSCT. All individuals were healthy at the time of contemporary sampling. Median donor age was 26 years (range 12-84) at time of HSCT. We took advantage of the ultra-low error rate (&lt;1-in-10-million) of Duplex Sequencing (DS) to comprehensively assess CH in genomic DNA from blood. We targeted 29 genes recurrently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) plus 48 kilobases of randomly chosen neutral genomic regions. The mean DS error-corrected molecular depth across all samples was 26,731x for AML-associated genes and 32,812x in the neutral regions. CH was detected in 100% of donors and recipients, with a trend toward more CH clones in older vs. younger donors. We defined CH as mutations observed in at least 2 unique DNA molecules, rather than by a threshold variant allele frequency (VAF). Among the 11 donors with matched historical and contemporary DNA samples, CH mutations in the latter had a higher average VAF and comprised more unique mutations than in the former, reflecting clonal expansions over time. The magnitude of CH expansions was greater for the AML-associated genes than for neutral loci, consistent with positive selection. Post-HSCT the overall number of unique mutations was similar between donors and recipients. Most donor CH variants did not preferentially expand in the recipient. A minority of recipients had a modestly increased overall average VAF relative to paired donors in AML genes. While the VAF of some likely pathogenic variants increased in the recipient vs the donor, this was not the case for most CH mutations in most recipients and the reciprocal was sometimes observed. DS represents a powerful tool for the high-resolution study of CH evolution. In a unique historical cohort comprising longitudinal samples from some of the earliest patients and donors to undergo HSCT, we observed limited instances of accelerated CH in recipients relative to donors. While this cohort is biased due to enriched inclusion of long-term survivors, our data exemplifies how healthy hematopoiesis, indistinguishable between donors and recipients, can be maintained almost half a century following transplant. Citation Format: Masumi Ueda, Jake Higgins, Thomas Smith, Elizabeth Schmidt, Fang Y. Lo, Charles C. Valentine, Jesse J. Salk, Rainer Storb, Jerald P. Radich. Duplex Sequencing reveals ubiquitous clonal hematopoiesis and complex donor-recipient clonal dynamics following HSCT [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB063.
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Sitalata, Dr C., and Dr K. Kalyan. "Malaria Seroprevalence in the Blood Donors of Malaria Endemic Regions of Northern Andhra Pradesh, India." Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 6, no. 8 (2020): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17511/jopm.2020.i08.06.
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Introduction: Transmission of malaria through blood transfusion continues to be a major threat tosafe blood transfusion practice. Transfusion-transmitted malaria occurs at an estimated rate of 0.25cases per 1 million blood units collected. It is significantly more common in endemic areas. Aim: Tostudy the Seroprevalence of Malaria among the blood donors in the endemic areas of NorthernAndhra Pradesh. Materials and methods: The present survey was carried out at the blood bank ofMaharaja institute of medical sciences, Vizianagaram. This includes the analysis of seroprevalence ofMalaria in the blood donors during the period of 1 year from February 2018 to January 2019. Two mlof the blood sample was collected in the labeled pilot tube at the time of collection of blood fromdonor tubing of the blood bag. The serum was separated. The samples were tested for Malaria byrapid antigen detection test. Results: Out of the total of 3096 blood donors, replacement donors(86.91%) were more in comparison to voluntary donors (13.08%). The seroprevalence among thereplacement blood donors was more compared to voluntary blood donors. Conclusion: Voluntaryblood donation, increasing awareness about blood donation in the general population, selection ofrepeat, non-remunerated, regular voluntary blood donors and diligent donor selection, sensitivescreening tests are most important to increase blood safety and prevent transmission of Malariathrough blood transfusion.
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Isaacman-Beck, Jesse, Emilia A. Hermann, Yanjie Yi, et al. "Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C: Macrophage Tropism, Alternative Coreceptor Use, and the Molecular Anatomy of CCR5 Utilization." Journal of Virology 83, no. 16 (2009): 8208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00296-09.
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ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission selects for virus variants with genetic characteristics distinct from those of donor quasispecies, but the biological factors favoring their transmission or establishment in new hosts are poorly understood. We compared primary target cell tropisms and entry coreceptor utilizations of donor and recipient subtype C Envs obtained near the time of acute infection from Zambian heterosexual transmission pairs. Both donor and recipient Envs demonstrated only modest macrophage tropism, and there was no overall difference between groups in macrophage or CD4 T-cell infection efficiency. Several individual pairs showed donor/recipient differences in primary cell infection, but these were not consistent between pairs. Envs had surprisingly broad uses of GPR15, CXCR6, and APJ, but little or no use of CCR2b, CCR3, CCR8, GPR1, and CXCR4. Donors overall used GPR15 better than did recipients. However, while several individual pairs showed donor/recipient differences for GPR15 and/or other coreceptors, the direction of the differences was inconsistent, and several pairs had unique alternative coreceptor patterns that were conserved across the transmission barrier. CCR5/CCR2b chimeras revealed that recipients as a group were more sensitive than were donors to replacement of the CCR5 extracellular loops with corresponding regions of CCR2b, but significant differences in this direction were not consistent within pairs. These data show that sexual transmission does not select for enhanced macrophage tropism, nor for preferential use of any alternative coreceptor. Recipient Envs are somewhat more constrained than are donors in flexibility of CCR5 use, but this pattern is not universal for all pairs, indicating that it is not an absolute requirement.
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Kambara, Nobuo, and Hiroyuki Kawanishi. "Electronic Structures of Donor-Acceptor-Donor Trimer Codopants in Silicon." Advanced Materials Research 216 (March 2011): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.216.402.
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The total energies of donor-acceptor-donor D2A trimer codopants (D = As and Sb, A = B, Al, Ga, In and Tl) in Si and their electronic geometrically stable structures were studied using ab initio calculations in order to propose new dopants for the formation of ultra shallow junctions with high carrier concentrations in the source/drain regions. The results of the calculations indicated that the trimer codopants were formed in Si and were stable. The trimer codopants are also able to activate the inactive complexes As2V and Sb2V by codoping acceptor atoms that occupy vacant sites. In particular, As2Al, As2Ga, Sb2B and Sb2Ga resulted in both shallower donor levels and higher solid solubility compared to traditional single donor atoms such as As and Sb.
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Zhilina, Ekaterina V., Ilyuza M. Khanova, and Elvira V. Dubinina. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE FOOD BALANCE OF REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON FOOD CONSUMPTION NORMS." Vestnik BIST (Bashkir Institute of Social Technologies), no. 2(59) (June 29, 2023): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47598/2078-9025-2023-2-59-16-24.
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The article examines the impact of the food balance of the regions of the Russian Federation on the norms of food consumption recommended by the Ministry of Health of Russia. As a result of the clustering of regions according to the type of food balance, four types of regions were identified: a donor region with export-oriented production, a donor region with a focus on domestic demand, a recipient region with advanced import substitution, a recipient region with a focus on domestic demand. As a result of the study, a close relationship was confirmed between the recipient regions with a focus on domestic demand and the regions with the greatest deviation from the norms of food consumption.
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García-Solache, Mónica, Francois Lebreton, Robert E. McLaughlin, James D. Whiteaker, Michael S. Gilmore та Louis B. Rice. "Homologous Recombination within Large Chromosomal Regions Facilitates Acquisition of β-Lactam and Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus faecium". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, № 10 (2016): 5777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00488-16.
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ABSTRACTThe transfer of DNA betweenEnterococcus faeciumstrains has been characterized both by the movement of well-defined genetic elements and by the large-scale transfer of genomic DNA fragments. In this work, we report on the whole-genome analysis of transconjugants resulting from mating events between the vancomycin-resistantE. faeciumC68 strain and the vancomycin-susceptible D344RRF strain to discern the mechanism by which the transferred regions enter the recipient chromosome. Vancomycin-resistant transconjugants from five independent matings were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. In all cases but one, the penicillin binding protein 5 (pbp5) gene and the Tn5382vancomycin resistance transposon were transferred together and replaced the correspondingpbp5region of D344RRF. In one instance, Tn5382inserted independently downstream of the D344RRFpbp5gene. Single nucleotide variant (SNV) analysis suggested that entry of donor DNA into the recipient chromosome occurred by recombination across regions of homology between donor and recipient chromosomes, rather than through insertion sequence-mediated transposition. The transfer of genomic DNA was also associated with the transfer of C68 plasmid pLRM23 and another putative plasmid. Our data are consistent with the initiation of transfer by cointegration of a transferable plasmid with the donor chromosome, with subsequent circularization of the plasmid-chromosome cointegrant in the donor prior to transfer. Entry into the recipient chromosome most commonly occurred across regions of homology between donor and recipient chromosomes.
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Brennan, Corey, Syed Ali Husain, Kristen L. King, et al. "A Donor Utilization Index to Assess the Utilization and Discard of Deceased Donor Kidneys Perceived as High Risk." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 14, no. 11 (2019): 1634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.02770319.
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Background and objectivesAn increasing number of patients on the waitlist for a kidney transplant indicates a need to effectively utilize as many deceased donor kidneys as possible while ensuring acceptable outcomes. Assessing regional and center-level organ utilization with regards to discard can reveal regional variation in suboptimal deceased donor kidney acceptance patterns stemming from perceptions of risk.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe created a weighted donor utilization index from a logistic regression model using high-risk donor characteristics and discard rates from 113,640 deceased donor kidneys procured for transplant from 2010 to 2016, and used it to examine deceased donor kidney utilization in 182 adult transplant centers with >15 annual deceased donor kidney transplants. Linear regression and correlation were used to analyze differences in donor utilization indexes.ResultsThe donor utilization index was found to significantly vary by Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network region (P<0.001), revealing geographic trends in kidney utilization. When investigating reasons for this disparity, there was no significant correlation between center volume and donor utilization index, but the percentage of deceased donor kidneys imported from other regions was significantly associated with donor utilization for all centers (rho=0.39; P<0.001). This correlation was found to be particularly strong for region 4 (rho=0.83; P=0.001) and region 9 (rho=0.82; P=0.001). Additionally, 25th percentile time to transplant was weakly associated with the donor utilization index (R2=0.15; P=0.03).ConclusionsThere is marked center-level variation in the use of deceased donor kidneys with less desirable characteristics both within and between regions. Broader utilization was significantly associated with shorter time to transplantation.
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Murzabekova, M. A., J. S. Neredko, and Ya M. Marchenko. "Retracted: Experience of cooperation in the creation of hematopoietic stem cells donors registry." Kazan medical journal 97, no. 5 (2016): 777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2016-777.
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This article has been retracted.
 Aim. To evaluate the experience of participating in the creation of a national registry of hematopoietic stem cells donors.Methods. Potential hematopoietic stem cells donor filled out a questionnaire, after the examination, he was assigned an individual donor code (bar code). The results of typing and questionnaires are placed on the registry of potential hematopoietic stem cells donors. Maintenance of HLA-typed potential hematopoietic stem cells donors registry and the selection of compatible «donor-recipient» pairs in RMSPC «Rosplazma» were performed using a specialized program «Prometheus» (Steiner Ltd., Czech Republic).Results. 484 donors, who were indigenous peoples of Stavropol and Stavropol Krai, as well as representatives of the North Caucasus small nations of different nationalities, were included into the registry for the period from 08.20.2013 to 20.06.2014. Age ranged from 19 to 42 years. As of 31.10.2015, 31 491 potential hematopoietic stem cells donors (54% - female, 46% - male) were included into the registry, 28 509 donors were typed: 24 310 for HLA - A, B, C, and DRB1 loci; 2305 for HLA - A, B, C, DRB1, and DQB1 loci; 1894 for HLA - A, B, and DRB1 loci. The registry has the highest number of A-B-DRB1 typed donors among Russian registries. New HLA-alleles in the Russian populations were revealed in 57 cases for 28 509 typing (1:500).Conclusion. There is a clear need to enhance cooperation of RMSPC «Rosplazma» with all regions of Russia and create unified national registry of hematopoietic stem cells donors with its inclusion in international databases.
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Graves, Scott S., William Hogan, George E. Georges, et al. "Establishment of Trichimerism in the Dog Leukocyte Antigen (DLA)-Identical Canine Hematopoietic Transplant Model." Blood 108, no. 11 (2006): 3193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3193.3193.
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Abstract Although hematopoietic cell transplantation is generally accomplished utilizing a single donor and recipient pair, multiple donors have been used to mediate engraftment, particularly in the case of low donor cell counts as in umbilical cord blood transplantation. The general engraftment outcome of HLA nonidentical cord blood transplantation is the predominance of one of the units over the other. Here we pose the question whether in the canine hematopoietic cell transplantation model, can we establish multiple donor chimerism using two DLA-identical donors and a single recipient. We identified 8 triplets of DLA-identical littermates by matching highly polymorphic microsatellite markers within DLA class I and class II regions and confirmed by DLA-DRB1 gene sequencing. The marrow recipients received 2 Gy total body irradiation followed by intravenous infusions of marrow cells from both donors 1 and 2. The median number of donor cells injected was 4.1 (range = 2.0–7.0) X 108 cells/kg. Post grafting immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine (CSP) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) given for 35 and 28 days, respectively. The median time to hematological recovery (blood counts equivalent to pre-HCT levels) was 38 (range = 30–42) days. The degrees of chimerism were determined using variable number tandem repeat-polymerase chain reaction (VNTR-PCR) methods. As shown in the Table, sustained trichimerism occurred in 4 out of 8 dogs with engraftment for a period grater than 26 weeks. For G631, both donor grafts were rejected shortly following discontinuation of CSP and MMF. Dog G513 developed graft versus host disease (GvHD) which was successfully treated with a short course of CSP. Five dogs received kidney allografts from one of the respective HCT donors 6 months after HCT to assess donor specific immune tolerance. Chimerism Analysis of Dogs Receiving Marrow from Two Donors Duration of Engraftment in Weeks (% Chimerism) Recipient Donor 1 Donor 2 Recipient GVHD Accept Donor 1 Kidney Graft (wks) ND = not determined; [R] = rejection G158 >43 (5%) 37 (0%) [R] >43 (95%) No Yes (20) G193 >44 (72%) 16 (0%) [R] >44 (28%) No Yes (10) G362 >47 (28%) >47 (55%) >47 (17%) No Yes (16) G513 >47 (53%) >47 (22%) >47 (25%) Yes Yes (16) G551 >32 (35%) >32 (20%) >32 (45%) No ND G631 8 (10%) [R] 8 (12%) [R] 8 (>88%) No ND G643 >30 (28%) >30 (40%) >30 (23%) No Yes (4) G664 >26 (50%) 6 (2%) [R?] >26 (48%) No ND Kidney allografts were found to be essentially free of inflammation when assessed histologically on biopsy. Dog G643, was tested for immune function by a mixed leukocyte reaction and found to be competent against DLA nonidentical stimulator cells but nonresponsive against either of the donor stimulator cells. In summary, following nonmyeloablative conditioning, simultaneous administration of marrow stem cells from two DLA-identical littermates can result in trichimerism. Furthermore, immunological tolerance to multiple hematopoietic cell donors can include a solid organ graft from one of the marrow donors.
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Dozhdikov, Anton. "Interregional Migration of Youth in the Russian Federation." DEMIS. Demographic Research 4, no. 3 (2024): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/demis.2024.4.3.8.
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The subject of the study is interregional migration of young people in the Russian Federation during the period of obtaining higher education; The topic of the study is the change in the migration attractiveness of regions for higher education; research hypothesis: there has been a change in the centers of gravity of migration flows and the status of regions from 2017 to 2020 and 2023 due to the impact of the pandemic and government measures to increase the attractiveness of universities in the regions. Source data includes official government statistics for the period from 2017 to 2023. The article identifies limitations on the use of this source (migration of 18-year-olds and migration of 21-year-olds is not identical to direct and return educational migration) and formulates a thesis about the need to use aggregated data of «digital traces» of applicants and graduates and federal information systems. An assessment of changes in the status of regions for 2017, 2020 and 2023 was carried out. The study makes assumptions about the possibility of using tools for objective monitoring of interregional educational migration of applicants to improve the work of universities. It is necessary to concentrate the efforts of the regional authorities of the «donor» region and the regional university community on first obtaining «transit» status for the university and the region, followed by transition to the «acceptor» category. For 2017, the author identified 12 «acceptor» territories, 59 «donor territories» (the rest were mixed and intermediate forms). In 2020, there were only 30 «donors», 12 «acceptors», 37– they reached conditional «balance» positions– this is how the COVID-2019 pandemic affected interregional migration. In 2023, there were 12 «acceptors» in the Russian Federation (the list has changed slightly), the number of «donors» was 46, 21 territories reached a «balance» state, the rest still belong to intermediate types.
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Pushkin, S. Y., A. S. Navasardian, A. A. Selutin, K. K. Gubarev, V. E. Aleksandrova, and B. I. Yaremin. "Principles of implementation of organ preservation activities in a donor hospital." Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH), no. 6 (March 31, 2021): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20340/10.20340/vmi-rvz.2020.6.15.
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The implementation of organ transplantation programs in our country is far from perfect. Many regions do not have transplantation centers, in many regions the work on organ donation is not carried out. Intensification of this vital work is of key importance – the need for organ transplantation remains unfulfilled in many regions of the Russian Federation by 70–90 %. The activity on organ donation must be realized with strict administrative control and administrative stimulation. It does not represent the sphere of interests of particular transplantologists. It is a strategically important task, the implementation of which should be carried out at the state level. The key importance in the implementation of organ transplantation program is the hospital where the potential donor is located, identified and accompanied. In the literature and daily practice the outdated term “donor base” is often used, the use of which we consider unacceptable. The donor hospital is a spring, a source of life, the work in which has a key, starting character.
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Sinigaglia, F., B. Takacs, H. Jacot, et al. "Nonpolymorphic regions of p190, a protein of the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stage, contain both T and B cell epitopes." Journal of Immunology 140, no. 10 (1988): 3568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.140.10.3568.
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Abstract Two conserved regions from the genetically polymorphic p190 molecule of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum have previously been expressed in Escherichia coli as separate polypeptides (190.L and 190.M) or as a single fusion protein (190.N). In the present study we investigated whether human B and T lymphocytes recognize these conserved regions. The more amino-terminal region, 190.L (corresponding to residues 188-363 of the encoded protein sequence) reacted preferentially with sera from donors living in a malaria-endemic area. Also, EBV-transformed B cells, from a healthy donor living in a malaria-mesoendemic area, were fused with a human-mouse hybrid line (SPM4-0), yielding two hybridomas whose products recognized both 190.L and the fusion protein 190.N, but not the 190.M polypeptide. A large number of p190-specific T cell clones were obtained from PBMC of a noninfected donor, after in vitro stimulation with the recombinant fusion protein 190.N. The clones reacted with intact, parasite-derived p190, as well as either 190.L or 190.M. Four clones that recognized the more amino-terminal fragment also responded to infected E. According to these results the more amino-terminal conserved sequences of p190 have the requisites to be immunogenic in humans.
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Roc, Lourdes, Carmen de Mendoza, Miriam Fernández-Alonso, et al. "Rapid subacute myelopathy following kidney transplantation from HTLV-1 donors: role of immunosuppresors and failure of antiretrovirals." Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease 6 (January 2019): 204993611986802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2049936119868028.
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Two kidney transplant recipients from a single donor became infected with HTLV-1 (human T-lymphotropic virus type 1) in Spain. One developed myelopathy 8 months following surgery despite early prescription of antiretroviral therapy. The allograft was removed from the second recipient at month 8 due to rejection and immunosuppressors discontinued. To date, 3 years later, this patient remains infected but asymptomatic. HTLV-1 infection was recognized retrospectively in the donor, a native Spaniard who had sex partners from endemic regions. Our findings call for a reappraisal of screening policies on donor–recipient organ transplantation. Based on the high risk of disease development and the large flux of persons from HTLV-1 endemic regions, pre-transplant HTLV-1 testing should be mandatory in Spain.
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Rzepczyk, C. M., R. Ramasamy, P. C. Ho, et al. "Identification of T epitopes within a potential Plasmodium falciparum vaccine antigen. A study of human lymphocyte responses to repeat and nonrepeat regions of Pf155/RESA." Journal of Immunology 141, no. 9 (1988): 3197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.141.9.3197.
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Abstract PBMC from Melanesians who had high antibody reactivities to fusion proteins encompassing the 3' and the 5' repeat regions of the ring infected E surface antigen (Pf155/RESA), were tested for their ability to respond to synthetic and recombinant peptides representing regions of Pf155/RESA. The aim was to identify T cell epitopes within the Ag. Most of the synthetic peptides from the nonrepeat regions of Pf155/RESA were selected for study on the basis of their tendency to form amphipathic alpha-helices. Peptides representing immunodominant B cell epitopes were also tested. Three-quarters of the Melanesian donors responded to the recombinant peptides (Ag 1505 and Ag 632-100) and to the 8 x 4 mer, a synthetic peptide representative of the 3' repeat region. Whereas all the remaining eight peptides tested elicited a response in at least one donor, three peptides (M40, M42, and BTA3) representing sequences in the nonrepeat regions showed greatest promise as potentially useful T epitopes. Responses in control donors were also observed to most of the peptides but the percentage of responders was lower. T cell bulk lines specific to Ag 1505 and Ag 632-100 were established. All donors were HLA tissue typed, but no obvious correlations between responsiveness and HLA type were observed. Our results suggest that there are T cell epitopes within and outside the repeat regions of Pf155/RESA.
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Wang, Wei, Paul Auer, Stephen R. Spellman, et al. "Epigenomic Signatures in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients As Predictors of Donor Compatibility and Transplant Outcome." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 4557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-127124.
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Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic stem cell disorders for which allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is currently the only curative treatment. Epigenetic lesions are considered a major pathogenetic determinant in many cancers, including MDS, and combination epigenetic therapies have emerged. In this study, we hypothesize that interplay between key epigenomic signatures in the MDS patient undergoing HCT and their donor epigenomic profile serve as a prognostic factor of post-HCT MDS relapse risk. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) was chosen to identify genome-wide epigenetic alterations as a cost-efficient method for building large data resources that reduces sequence redundancy and selects only CpG-rich regions of the genome for sequencing. A unique cohort of 188 samples from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) biorepository was sequenced through RRBS. This cohort was composed of 94 pre-transplant samples from MDS patients that received peripheral blood stem cell grafts and were selected as case/controls for post-HCT relapse/non-relapse matched on patient, disease and transplant characteristics. The remaining 94 samples were from the patients' healthy allogeneic donors. Only patient samples that were wild-type for previously-identified MDS-prognostic TP53, RAS pathway and JAK2 mutations were included in this cohort to promote discovery of novel factors. We developed methylPrep, a Python application, to filter the low methylation calls and group shared sites by donors, relapsed patients and non-relapsed patients. We comprehensively identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by comparing the methylation patterns in healthy donors and MDS patients that relapsed or did not relapse. The healthy donor group displayed higher global methylation levels (GML) than the patient group as a whole, and the relapsed patient showed higher GML than the non-relapsed patient, though these differences were not statistically significant, and we continue to investigate whether hypo-methylating agents play a role. We selected high DMRs (50-bp interval), with at least 25% difference in methylation calls, using Fisher's exact test, where the threshold q-value equals 0.05, and uncovered 367 significant hyper-DMRs and 38 significant hypo-DMRs in donors compared to patients genome-wide. For disease relapsed versus non-relapsed MDS patients, we identified 121 hyper-DMRs and 64 hypo-DMRs, and the distribution of DMRs was highly varied. Furthermore, we compared epigenome compatibility between donors and patients who did or did not relapse after transplantation and discovered a distinct difference in DMR patterns from chromosome to chromosome and through region annotation. Interestingly, a higher number of DMRs were located in promoter regions between donors and non-relapsed patients versus donors and disease-relapsed patients. Identified DMRs, especially those located in promoter regions, may be involved in regulation of gene expression. These promoter DMRs may serve as candidate indicators or sites for potential diagnosis and therapy selection for MDS patients and may aid in the prediction of transplant outcomes and matching of the best donor for the MDS patient. Continued investigation will enable validation and assessment of the impact and mode of action for these distinct methylation signatures and global methylation patterns in MDS associated with HCT outcomes. Figure Disclosures Nazha: Incyte: Speakers Bureau; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmacutical: Research Funding; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Tolero, Karyopharma: Honoraria; MEI: Other: Data monitoring Committee; Abbvie: Consultancy.
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Murata, Shin-ichi, Petr Herman, Kunio Mochizuki, et al. "Spatial Distribution Analysis of AT- and GC-rich Regions in Nuclei Using Corrected Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 51, no. 7 (2003): 951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100710.
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We employed microscopic intensity-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) images with correction by donor and acceptor concentrations to obtain unbiased maps of spatial distribution of the AT- and GC-rich DNA regions in nuclei. FRET images of 137 bovine aortic endothelial cells stained by the AT-specific donor Hoechst 33258 and the GC-specific acceptor 7-aminoactinomycin D were acquired and corrected for the donor and acceptor concentrations by the Gordon's method based on the three fluorescence filter sets. The corrected FRET images were quantitatively analyzed by texture analysis to correlate the spatial distribution of the AT- and GC-rich DNA regions with different phases of the cell cycle. Both visual observation and quantitative texture analysis revealed an increased number and size of the low FRET efficiency centers for cells in the G2/M-phases, compared to the G1-phase cells. We have detected cell cycle-dependent changes of the spatial organization and separation of the AT- and GC-rich DNA regions. Using the corrected FRET (cFRET) technique, we were able to detect early DNA separation stages in late interphase nuclei.
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van Wees, Sibylle Herzig, and Michael Jennings. "The challenges of donor engagement with faith-based organizations in Cameroon’s health sector: a qualitative study." Health Policy and Planning 36, no. 4 (2021): 464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab006.
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Abstract Substantial global advocacy efforts have been made over the past decade to encourage partnerships and funding of faith-based organizations in international development programmes in efforts to improve social and health outcomes. Whilst there is a wealth of knowledge on religion and development, including its controversies, less attention has been payed to the role that donors might play. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the engagement between donors and faith-based organizations in Cameroon’s health sector, following the implementation of the Cameroon Health Sector Partnership Strategy (2012). Forty-six in-depth interviews were conducted in selected regions in Cameroon. The findings show that global advocacy efforts to increase partnerships with faith-based organizations have created a space for increasing donor engagement of faith-based organizations following the implementation of the strategy. However, the policy was perceived as top down as it did not take into account some of the existing challenges. The policy arguably accentuated some of the existing tensions between the government and faith-based organizations, fed faith-controversies and complicated the health system landscape. Moreover, it provided donors with a framework for haphazard engagement with faith-based organizations. As such, putting the implications of donor engagement with FBOs on the research map acknowledges the limitations of efforts to collaborate with faith-based organizations and brings to the surface still-remaining blinkers and limited assumptions in donor definitions of faith-based organizations and in ways of collaborating with them.
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Emmanuel, Anugrah Soreng, Bhushan Kumar Choudhary Vibhuti, Sahay Shweta, and Kachhap Shweta. "Seroprevalence of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections among Blood Donors at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 7 (2024): 1796–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14253841.
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<strong>Background: </strong>Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) pose a significant risk to blood transfusion safety, particularly in regions with high prevalence rates of infections like HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. Despite advancements in blood screening protocols, TTIs continue to challenge healthcare systems globally, necessitating ongoing surveillance and improvement in blood donation practices. <strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of TTIs among blood donors at a tertiary care teaching hospital and to assess the relationship between TTI status and donor demographic factors. <strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 300 blood donors. Donor demographics and donation histories were recorded, and blood samples were tested for HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Syphilis, and Malaria using standard serological methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0, employing descriptive statistics to determine ubiquity and chi-square tests to evaluate associations between TTI status and demographic variables. <strong>Results: </strong>The overall seroprevalence of TTIs among the donors was 6%, with Hepatitis B being the most prevalent infection (2.67%). Significant correlations were found between TTI status and gender (p = 0.04) and between TTI status and donation status (first-time vs. repeat donors) (p = 0.02). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study identified a moderate predominance of TTIs among blood donors, with male and first-time donors at higher risk. These findings highlight the need for enhanced screening and targeted education efforts to improve blood safety. <strong>Recommendations: </strong>It is recommended to implement more rigorous donor screening protocols, particularly for first-time and male donors, and to conduct regular monitoring of TTI trends to adapt strategies accordingly. Educational campaigns focused on safe donation practices could also reduce TTI prevalence.
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Potemkin, I. A., K. K. Kyuregyan, and M. I. Mikhailov. "Hepatitis E in blood donors: prevalence, risks of posttransfusion infection and screening strategy." Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology 70, no. 1 (2025): 85–96. https://doi.org/10.35754/0234-5730-2025-70-1-85-96.
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Introduction. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is transmitted primarily through contaminated water and food, but cases of transfusiontransmitted HEV infection (TT-HEV) have also been described. TT-HEV may pose a serious risk for immunosuppressed patients, such as recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants or solid organ transplants. The risk of TT-HEV is associated with HEV viremia in asymptomatic donors. In recent years, several European countries and Japan have introduced universal screening of blood donors for HEV RNA.Aim: to systematize published data on the prevalence of HEV infection among donors and the levels of risk of TT-HEV in different regions of the world, as well as approaches to screening donors for HEV.Main findings. An analysis of the research data obtained in limited donor cohorts, as well as real-world data obtained following the implementation of universal donor screening indicates the relevance of testing blood donors for HEV RNA. The results of studies conducted in the Russian Federation indicate the frequency of detection of HEV viremia in donors comparable to that observed in countries where universal screening of donors for HEV RNA has already been implemented. The absence of documented cases of TT-HEV in the Russian Federation may be due not to the absence of the problem as such, but to insuffi cient availability of hepatitis E diagnostics and/or the lack of awareness of clinicians regarding this infection.
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Kozinets, Y. A., and G. V. Meshcheryakov. "SOME ASPECTS OF THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF DONOR AND RECIPIENT REGIONS BY THE EXAMPLE OF TWO REGIONS." ECONOMIC VECTOR 4, no. 19 (2019): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/2411-7269-4-19-86-95.
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Hein, Katharina, Matthias G. O. Lorenz, Gregor Siebenkotten, Katja Petry, Rainer Christine, and Andreas Radbruch. "Processing of Switch Transcripts Is Required for Targeting of Antibody Class Switch Recombination." Journal of Experimental Medicine 188, no. 12 (1998): 2369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.188.12.2369.
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Antibody class switching is mediated by somatic recombination between switch regions of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene locus. Targeting of recombination to particular switch regions is strictly regulated by cytokines through the induction of switch transcripts starting 5′ of the repetitive switch regions. However, switch transcription as such is not sufficient to target switch recombination. This has been shown in mutant mice, in which the I-exon and its promoter upstream of the switch region were replaced with heterologous promoters. Here we show that, in the murine germline targeted replacement of the endogenous γ1 promoter, I-exon, and I-exon splice donor site by heterologous promoter and splice donor sites directs switch recombination in activated B lymphocytes constitutively to the γ1 switch region. In contrast, switch recombination to IgG1 is inhibited in mutant mice, in which the replacement does not include the heterologous splice donor site. Our data unequivocally demonstrate that targeting of switch recombination to IgG1 in vivo requires processing of the Iγ1 switch transcripts. Either the processing machinery or the processed transcripts are involved in class switch recombination.