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Journal articles on the topic 'Dopaminergic neurons'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Niu, Shiba, Weibo Shi, Yingmin Li, et al. "Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Associated with the Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neuron Injury in Stressed Rats." Analytical Cellular Pathology 2021 (September 8, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7852710.

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An increasing number of people are in a state of stress due to social and psychological pressures, which may result in mental disorders. Previous studies indicated that mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons are associated with not only reward-related behaviors but also with stress-induced mental disorders. To explore the effect of stress on dopaminergic neuron and potential mechanism, we established stressed rat models of different time durations and observed pathological changes in dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) through HE and thionine staining. Immunohistochemistry cou

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2

Jovanovic, Predrag, Yidan Wang, Jean-Philippe Vit, et al. "Sustained chemogenetic activation of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons promotes dopaminergic neuron survival in synucleinopathy." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (2022): e0263074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263074.

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Dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the midbrain plays a pivotal role in motor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease. However, non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and post-mortem histopathology confirm dysfunction in other brain areas, including the locus coeruleus and its associated neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Here, we investigate the role of central norepinephrine-producing neurons in Parkinson’s disease by chronically stimulating catecholaminergic neurons in the locus coeruleus using chemogenetic manipulation. We show that norepinephrine neurons send complex axonal project

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3

Dodson, Paul D., Jakob K. Dreyer, Katie A. Jennings, et al. "Representation of spontaneous movement by dopaminergic neurons is cell-type selective and disrupted in parkinsonism." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 15 (2016): E2180—E2188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515941113.

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Midbrain dopaminergic neurons are essential for appropriate voluntary movement, as epitomized by the cardinal motor impairments arising in Parkinson’s disease. Understanding the basis of such motor control requires understanding how the firing of different types of dopaminergic neuron relates to movement and how this activity is deciphered in target structures such as the striatum. By recording and labeling individual neurons in behaving mice, we show that the representation of brief spontaneous movements in the firing of identified midbrain dopaminergic neurons is cell-type selective. Most do

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Basso, Valentina, Máté D. Döbrössy, Lachlan H. Thompson, Deniz Kirik, Heidi R. Fuller, and Monte A. Gates. "State of the Art in Sub-Phenotyping Midbrain Dopamine Neurons." Biology 13, no. 9 (2024): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13090690.

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Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) comprise around 75% of all dopaminergic neurons in the human brain. While both groups of dopaminergic neurons are in close proximity in the midbrain and partially overlap, development, function, and impairments in these two classes of neurons are highly diverse. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these differences are not yet fully understood, but research over the past decade has highlighted the need to differentiate between these two classes of dopaminergic neurons during thei

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Chinta, Shankar J., and Julie K. Andersen. "Dopaminergic neurons." International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 37, no. 5 (2005): 942–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2004.09.009.

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6

Na, Junewoo, Byong Seo Park, Doohyeong Jang, et al. "Distinct Firing Activities of the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Neurons to Appetite Hormones." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 5 (2022): 2609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052609.

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The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Arc) is a central unit that controls the appetite through the integration of metabolic, hormonal, and neuronal afferent inputs. Agouti-related protein (AgRP), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and dopaminergic neurons in the Arc differentially regulate feeding behaviors in response to hunger, satiety, and appetite, respectively. At the time of writing, the anatomical and electrophysiological characterization of these three neurons has not yet been intensively explored. Here, we interrogated the overall characterization of AgRP, POMC, and dopaminergic neurons using g

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7

Orb, Sabine, Johannes Wieacker, Cesar Labarca, Carlos Fonck, Henry A. Lester та Johannes Schwarz. "Knockin mice with Leu9′Ser α4-nicotinic receptors: substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons are hypersensitive to agonist and lost postnatally". Physiological Genomics 18, № 3 (2004): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00012.2004.

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This study analyzes the electrophysiological cause and behavioral consequence of dopaminergic cell loss in a knockin mouse strain bearing hypersensitive nicotinic α4-receptor subunits (“L9′S mice”). Adult brains of L9′S mice show moderate loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons and of striatal dopaminergic innervation. Amphetamine-stimulated locomotion is impaired, reflecting a reduction of dopamine stored in presynaptic vesicles. Recordings from dopaminergic neurons in L9′S mice show that 10 μM nicotine depolarizes cells and increases spiking rates in L9′S cells but hyperpolarizes and d

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8

Zhang, Nianping, Xudong Zhang, Zhaoli Yan, Ronghui Li, Song Xue, and Dahong Long. "A Modified Differentiation Protocol In Vitro to Generate Dopaminergic Neurons from Pluripotent Stem Cells." Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 13, no. 10 (2023): 1017–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2023.3341.

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Cell transplantation is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Because of their strong differentiation potential, pluripotent stem cells may become a source of dopaminergic neurons for cell transplantation. Although published protocols have revealed that pluripotent stem cells can be successfully induced into dopaminergic neurons, unwanted cell types still exist in PSC-derived cultures. Therefore, signaling parameters for dopaminergic neuron patterning in differentiation protocols need to be further identified and optimized. In this study, we expl

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9

Mendes-Oliveira, Julieta, Filipa L. Campos, Susana A. Ferreira, Diogo Tomé, Carla P. Fonseca, and Graça Baltazar. "Endogenous GDNF Is Unable to Halt Dopaminergic Injury Triggered by Microglial Activation." Cells 13, no. 1 (2023): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells13010074.

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Overactivation of microglial cells seems to play a crucial role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons occurring in Parkinson’s disease. We have previously demonstrated that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) present in astrocytes secretome modulates microglial responses induced by an inflammatory insult. Therefore, astrocyte-derived soluble factors may include relevant molecular players of therapeutic interest in the control of excessive neuroinflammatory responses. However, in vivo, the control of neuroinflammation is more complex as it depends on the interaction between

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10

Awata, Hiroko, Mai Takakura, Yoko Kimura, Ikuko Iwata, Tomoko Masuda, and Yukinori Hirano. "The neural circuit linking mushroom body parallel circuits induces memory consolidation in Drosophila." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 32 (2019): 16080–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901292116.

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Memory consolidation is augmented by repeated learning following rest intervals, which is known as the spacing effect. Although the spacing effect has been associated with cumulative cellular responses in the neurons engaged in memory, here, we report the neural circuit-based mechanism for generating the spacing effect in the memory-related mushroom body (MB) parallel circuits in Drosophila. To investigate the neurons activated during the training, we monitored expression of phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), ERK [phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase

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11

Gaggi, Giulia, Andrea Di Credico, Pascal Izzicupo, et al. "Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Unveil an Unexpected Differentiation Potential toward the Dopaminergic Neuronal Lineage." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (2020): 6589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186589.

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Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons represents the cause of many neurodegenerative diseases, with increasing incidence worldwide. The replacement of dead cells with new healthy ones may represent an appealing therapeutic approach to these pathologies, but currently, only pluripotent stem cells can generate dopaminergic neurons with high efficiency. However, with the use of these cells arises safety and/or ethical issues. Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hFM-MSCs) are perinatal stem cells that can be easily isolated from the amniochorionic membrane after delivery. Generally considered multipot

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12

Chen, Yalan, Junxin Kuang, Yimei Niu, et al. "Multiple factors to assist human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells to efficiently differentiate into midbrain dopaminergic neurons." Neural Regeneration Research 19, no. 4 (2023): 908–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.378203.

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JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202404000-00037/inline-graphic1/v/2023-09-09T133047Z/r/image-tiff Midbrain dopaminergic neurons play an important role in the etiology of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. They also represent a potential source of transplanted cells for therapeutic applications. In vitro differentiation of functional midbrain dopaminergic neurons provides an accessible platform to study midbrain neuronal dysfunction and can be used to examine obstacles to dopaminergic neuronal development. Emerging evidence and impressive advances in human induced pluripotent stem c

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13

Cacialli, Pietro, Serena Ricci, Maurizio Lazzari, and Valeria Franceschini. "Morpho-Anatomical Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons in Adult Zebrafish Brain after Exposure to Nickel." Fishes 9, no. 8 (2024): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes9080319.

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Chronic exposure to heavy metals has been widely demonstrated to induce pathological features in different tissues and, in particular, in the central nervous system. Specific neurons, including dopaminergic neurons, were observed to be more susceptible to toxic agents. Several previous studies performed on zebrafish (Danio rerio) models observed that exposure to nickel (one of the most abundant heavy metals) induces impairment of memory and anxious-like behaviors. Nevertheless, this phenotypical evidence has not been associated with dopaminergic system damage, and no reports showing the effect

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14

McDonald, Kirstin O., Nikita M. A. Lyons, Luca K. C. Gray, et al. "Transcription Factor-Mediated Generation of Dopaminergic Neurons from Human iPSCs—A Comparison of Methods." Cells 13, no. 12 (2024): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells13121016.

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Dopaminergic neurons are the predominant brain cells affected in Parkinson’s disease. With the limited availability of live human brain dopaminergic neurons to study pathological mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease, dopaminergic neurons have been generated from human-skin-cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Originally, induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived dopaminergic neurons were generated using small molecules. These neurons took more than two months to mature. However, the transcription-factor-mediated differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells has revealed quicker and cheape

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15

SIMON, HORST H., LAVINIA BHATT, DANIEL GHERBASSI, PAOLA SGADÓ, and LAVINIA ALBERÍ. "Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 991, no. 1 (2006): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07461.x.

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16

Noisa, Parinya, Taneli Raivio, and Wei Cui. "Neural Progenitor Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells as an Origin of Dopaminergic Neurons." Stem Cells International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/647437.

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Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are able to proliferatein vitroindefinitely without losing their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types upon exposure to appropriate signals. Particularly, the ability of hESCs to differentiate into neuronal subtypes is fundamental to develop cell-based therapies for several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we differentiated hESCs to dopaminergic neurons via an intermediate stage, neural progenitor cells (NPCs). hESCs were induced to neural progenitor cells by Do

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17

Werner, Felix-Martin, and Rafael Coveñas. "Comparison of Mono-dopaminergic and Multi-target Pharmacotherapies in Primary Parkinson Syndrome and Assessment Tools to Evaluate Motor and Non-motor Symptoms." Current Drug Therapy 14, no. 2 (2019): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574885513666181115104137.

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Background:Primary Parkinson syndrome is mostly treated by dopaminergic drugs, while the progression of the disease is not altered. Some non-dopaminergic are available, which are administered only after the Parkinsonian symptoms get worse.Objective:The objective of this review is to give basic results in order to compare a dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic pharmacotherapy in Parkinson’s disease and to control whether the add-on pharmacotherapy with non-dopaminergic drugs can inhibit the progression of the disease.Methods:In primary Parkinson syndrome, the altered activity of classical neurotra

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18

Reumann, Daniel, Christian Krauditsch, Maria Novatchkova, et al. "In vitro modeling of the human dopaminergic system using spatially arranged ventral midbrain–striatum–cortex assembloids." Nature Methods 20, no. 12 (2023): 2034–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41592-023-02080-x.

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AbstractVentral midbrain dopaminergic neurons project to the striatum as well as the cortex and are involved in movement control and reward-related cognition. In Parkinson’s disease, nigrostriatal midbrain dopaminergic neurons degenerate and cause typical Parkinson’s disease motor-related impairments, while the dysfunction of mesocorticolimbic midbrain dopaminergic neurons is implicated in addiction and neuropsychiatric disorders. Study of the development and selective neurodegeneration of the human dopaminergic system, however, has been limited due to the lack of an appropriate model and acce

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19

Gale, Samuel D., and David J. Perkel. "Physiological Properties of Zebra Finch Ventral Tegmental Area and Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 5 (2006): 2295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01040.2005.

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The neurotransmitter dopamine plays important roles in motor control, learning, and motivation in mammals and probably other animals as well. The strong dopaminergic projection to striatal regions and more moderate dopaminergic projections to other regions of the telencephalon predominantly arise from midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Homologous dopaminergic cell groups in songbirds project anatomically in a manner that may allow dopamine to influence song learning or song production. The electrophysiological properties

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20

Lobb, Collin J., Charles J. Wilson, and Carlos A. Paladini. "A Dynamic Role for GABA Receptors on the Firing Pattern of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 1 (2010): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00204.2010.

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Dopaminergic neurons are subject to a significant background GABAergic input in vivo. The presence of this GABAergic background might be expected to inhibit dopaminergic neuron firing. However, dopaminergic neurons are not all silent but instead fire in single-spiking and burst firing modes. Here we present evidence that phasic changes in the tonic activity of GABAergic afferents are a potential extrinsic mechanism that triggers bursts and pauses in dopaminergic neurons. We find that spontaneous single-spiking is more sensitive to activation of GABA receptors than phasic N-methyl-d-aspartate (

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21

de Leeuw, Victoria C., Conny T. M. van Oostrom, Edwin P. Zwart, Harm J. Heusinkveld, and Ellen V. S. Hessel. "Prolonged Differentiation of Neuron-Astrocyte Co-Cultures Results in Emergence of Dopaminergic Neurons." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (2023): 3608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043608.

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Dopamine is present in a subgroup of neurons that are vital for normal brain functioning. Disruption of the dopaminergic system, e.g., by chemical compounds, contributes to the development of Parkinson’s disease and potentially some neurodevelopmental disorders. Current test guidelines for chemical safety assessment do not include specific endpoints for dopamine disruption. Therefore, there is a need for the human-relevant assessment of (developmental) neurotoxicity related to dopamine disruption. The aim of this study was to determine the biological domain related to dopaminergic neurons of a

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22

Eyer, Gian-Carlo, Stefano Di Santo, Ekkehard Hewer, Lukas Andereggen, Stefanie Seiler, and Hans Rudolf Widmer. "Co-Expression of Nogo-A in Dopaminergic Neurons of the Human Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Is Reduced in Parkinson’s Disease." Cells 10, no. 12 (2021): 3368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123368.

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Parkinson’s disease is mainly characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Together with the small number, the high vulnerability of the dopaminergic neurons is a major pathogenic culprit of Parkinson’s disease. Our previous findings of a higher survival of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra co-expressing Nogo-A in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease suggested that Nogo-A may be associated with dopaminergic neurons resilience against Parkinson’s disease neurodegeneration. In the present study, we have addressed the expression o

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Volpicelli, Floriana, Carla Perrone-Capano, Gian Carlo Bellenchi, Luca Colucci-D’Amato, and Umberto di Porzio. "Molecular Regulation in Dopaminergic Neuron Development. Cues to Unveil Molecular Pathogenesis and Pharmacological Targets of Neurodegeneration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (2020): 3995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113995.

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The relatively few dopaminergic neurons in the mammalian brain are mostly located in the midbrain and regulate many important neural functions, including motor integration, cognition, emotive behaviors and reward. Therefore, alteration of their function or degeneration leads to severe neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Unraveling the mechanisms of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) phenotype induction and maturation and elucidating the role of the gene network involved in the development and maintenance of these neurons is of pivotal importance to rescue or substitute these cells in order to

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Morozova, Ekaterina O., Maxym Myroshnychenko, Denis Zakharov, et al. "Contribution of synchronized GABAergic neurons to dopaminergic neuron firing and bursting." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 4 (2016): 1900–1923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00232.2016.

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In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), interactions between dopamine (DA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons are critical for regulating DA neuron activity and thus DA efflux. To provide a mechanistic explanation of how GABA neurons influence DA neuron firing, we developed a circuit model of the VTA. The model is based on feed-forward inhibition and recreates canonical features of the VTA neurons. Simulations revealed that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor (GABAR) stimulation can differentially influence the firing pattern of the DA neuron, depending on the level of synchronization among G

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Huang, Yan, Zhan Liu, Bei-Bei Cao, Yi-Hua Qiu, and Yu-Ping Peng. "Treg Cells Protect Dopaminergic Neurons against MPP+ Neurotoxicity via CD47-SIRPA Interaction." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 41, no. 3 (2017): 1240–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000464388.

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Background/Aims: Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been associated with neuroprotection by inhibiting microglial activation in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the nigrostriatal system. Herein, we show that Treg cells directly protect dopaminergic neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) neurotoxicity via an interaction between the two transmembrane proteins CD47 and signal regulatory protein α (SIRPA). Methods: Primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cells or VM neurons were pretreated with Treg

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26

Ferrarelli, Leslie K. "YAP supports dopaminergic neurons." Science 357, no. 6353 (2017): 768.16–770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.357.6353.768-p.

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27

Welberg, Leonie. "Weeding out dopaminergic neurons." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 8, no. 4 (2007): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn2122.

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28

Henriques, Alexandre, Laura Rouvière, Elodie Giorla, et al. "Alpha-Synuclein: The Spark That Flames Dopaminergic Neurons, In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (2022): 9864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179864.

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Mitochondria, α-syn fibrils and the endo-lysosomal system are key players in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. The toxicity of α-syn is amplified by cell-to-cell transmission and aggregation of endogenous species in newly invaded neurons. Toxicity of α-syn PFF was investigated using primary cultures of dopaminergic neurons or on aged mice after infusion in the SNpc and combined with mild inhibition of GBA. In primary dopaminergic neurons, application of α-syn PFF induced a progressive cytotoxicity associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and accumulation of lysoso

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29

Houlihan, Katherine L., Petros P. Keoseyan, Amber N. Juba, et al. "Folic Acid Improves Parkin-Null Drosophila Phenotypes and Transiently Reduces Vulnerable Dopaminergic Neuron Mitochondrial Hydrogen Peroxide Levels and Glutathione Redox Equilibrium." Antioxidants 11, no. 10 (2022): 2068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11102068.

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Loss-of-function parkin mutations cause oxidative stress and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Several consequences of parkin mutations have been described; to what degree they contribute to selective neurodegeneration remains unclear. Specific factors initiating excessive reactive oxygen species production, inefficient antioxidant capacity, or a combination are elusive. Identifying key oxidative stress contributors could inform targeted therapy. The absence of Drosophila parkin causes selective degeneration of a dopaminergic neuron cluster that is functionally homo

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Drobysheva, Daria, Kristen Ameel, Brandon Welch, et al. "An Optimized Method for Histological Detection of Dopaminergic Neurons in Drosophila melanogaster." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 56, no. 12 (2008): 1049–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.2008.951137.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) affects >1 million Americans and is marked by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. PD has been linked to two causative factors: genetic risks (hereditary PD) and environmental toxins (idiopathic PD). In recent years, considerable effort has been devoted to the development of a Drosophila model of human PD that might be useful for examining the cellular mechanisms of PD pathology by genetic screening. In 2000, Feany and Bender reported a Drosophila model of PD in which transgenic flies expressing human mutant α-synuclein exhibited shortened life

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Braisted, J. E., and P. A. Raymond. "Regeneration of dopaminergic neurons in goldfish retina." Development 114, no. 4 (1992): 913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.114.4.913.

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The conditions necessary to trigger regeneration of dopaminergic neurons were investigated in the goldfish retina. Intraocular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was used to destroy dopaminergic neurons, and neuronal regeneration was monitored by injections of the thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR). Regenerated dopaminergic neurons, (identified by double-labeling with anti-tyrosine hydroxylase and anti-BUdR antibodies) were found within 3 weeks after 2 injections of 0.6 mg/ml 6-OHDA (estimated intraocular concentration), but not after injection of lower doses. All retinas with rege

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Wei, Zhuang-Yao D., and Ashok K. Shetty. "Treating Parkinson’s disease by astrocyte reprogramming: Progress and challenges." Science Advances 7, no. 26 (2021): eabg3198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg3198.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is typified by both motor and nonmotor symptoms. The current medications provide symptomatic relief but do not stimulate the production of new dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Astrocyte reprogramming has recently received much attention as an avenue for increasing functional dopaminergic neurons in the mouse PD brain. By targeting a microRNA (miRNA) loop, astrocytes in the mouse brain could be reprogrammed into functional dopaminergic neurons. Such in vivo astrocyte reprogramming in the mouse model of

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Miyazaki, Ikuko, and Masato Asanuma. "Neuron-Astrocyte Interactions in Parkinson’s Disease." Cells 9, no. 12 (2020): 2623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9122623.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. PD patients exhibit motor symptoms such as akinesia/bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural instability due to a loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Although the pathogenesis in sporadic PD remains unknown, there is a consensus on the involvement of non-neuronal cells in the progression of PD pathology. Astrocytes are the most numerous glial cells in the central nervous system. Normally, astrocytes protect neurons by releasing neurotrophic factors, producing antioxidants, and disposing of neuronal waste

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Limke, Annette, Gereon Poschmann, Kai Stühler, Patrick Petzsch, Thorsten Wachtmeister, and Anna von Mikecz. "Silica Nanoparticles Disclose a Detailed Neurodegeneration Profile throughout the Life Span of a Model Organism." Journal of Xenobiotics 14, no. 1 (2024): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jox14010008.

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The incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases is rising globally. However, the temporal sequence of neurodegeneration throughout adult life is poorly understood. To identify the starting points and schedule of neurodegenerative events, serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons were monitored in the model organism C. elegans, which has a life span of 2–3 weeks. Neural morphology was examined from young to old nematodes that were exposed to silica nanoparticles. Young nematodes showed phenotypes such as dendritic beading of serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons that are normally not seen u

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Mohammad, Farhan, Yishan Mai, Joses Ho, et al. "Dopamine neurons that inform Drosophila olfactory memory have distinct, acute functions driving attraction and aversion." PLOS Biology 22, no. 11 (2024): e3002843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002843.

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The brain must guide immediate responses to beneficial and harmful stimuli while simultaneously writing memories for future reference. While both immediate actions and reinforcement learning are instructed by dopamine, how dopaminergic systems maintain coherence between these 2 reward functions is unknown. Through optogenetic activation experiments, we showed that the dopamine neurons that inform olfactory memory in Drosophila have a distinct, parallel function driving attraction and aversion (valence). Sensory neurons required for olfactory memory were dispensable to dopaminergic valence. A b

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Lindvall, Olle. "Treatment of Parkinson's disease using cell transplantation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1680 (2015): 20140370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0370.

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The clinical trials with intrastriatal transplantation of human fetal mesencephalic tissue, rich in dopaminergic neurons, in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients show that cell replacement can work and in some cases induce major, long-lasting improvement. However, owing to poor tissue availability, this approach can only be applied in very few patients, and standardization is difficult, leading to wide variation in functional outcome. Stem cells and reprogrammed cells could potentially be used to produce dopaminergic neurons for transplantation. Importantly, dopaminergic neurons of the correct su

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Aoi, Mizuho, Isao Date, Susumu Tomita, and Takashi Ohmoto. "Single administration of GDNF into the striatum induced protection and repair of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine injection model of hemiparkinsonism." Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 17, no. 1 (2000): 31–38. https://doi.org/10.3233/rnn-2000-00142.

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Purpose: Neurotrophic factor delivery into the brain is a promising approach in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is one of the most potent neurotrophic factors for dopaminergic neurons. Although multiple injections of GDNF into the brain are commonly performed in experimental studies, the present study investigates the efficacy of using a single injection of GDNF, which may be useful in elinically applying this treatment. Methods: Unilateral 6-hydroxydoparnine (6-OHDA) administration into the striatum was perforrned in Sprague-Dawley rats

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Guatteo, Ezia, Nicola Berretta, Vincenzo Monda, Ada Ledonne, and Nicola Biagio Mercuri. "Pathophysiological Features of Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons in Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (2022): 4508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094508.

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The degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons is considered the hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and it is triggered by different factors, including mitochondrial dysfunction, Lewy body accumulation, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity and metal accumulation. Despite the extensive literature devoted to unravelling the signalling pathways involved in neuronal degeneration, little is known about the functional impairments occurring in these cells during illness progression. Of course, it is not possible to obtain direct information on the properties of the dopaminergic cells in patients. Ho

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Fujita, *Masayo, Soichiro Ide, Masato Okitsu, and Kazutaka Ikeda. "ANALYSIS OF DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER-EXPRESSING NEURON-SPECIFIC TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE KNOCKOUT MICE." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 28, Supplement_1 (2025): i276. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyae059.488.

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Abstract Background Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), an enzyme synthesizing L-dopa from tyrosine, expresses dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons. Dopamine transporter (DAT) expresses specifically in synaptic terminals of dopaminergic neurons and re-uptakes extracellular dopamine. Although DAT is a specific dopaminergic marker, it has been suggested that dopaminergic neurons that express no or very slight levels of DAT (DAT-negative dopaminergic neurons) may also exist in the midbrain. However, it is not known whether DAT negative neurons really exist and the role of DAT negative neurons. Aims &amp

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Rangasamy, Suresh B., Sridevi Dasarathi, Aparna Nutakki, Shreya Mukherjee, Rohith Nellivalasa, and Kalipada Pahan. "Stimulation of Dopamine Production by Sodium Benzoate, a Metabolite of Cinnamon and a Food Additive." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports 5, no. 1 (2021): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/adr-210001.

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Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most important neurodegenerative disorders in human in which recovery of functions could be achieved by improving the survival and function of residual dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the dopamine (DA) biosynthesis pathway. Objective: Earlier our laboratory has shown that sodium benzoate (NaB), a metabolite of cinnamon and an FDA-approved drug against urea cycle disorders and glycine encephalopathy, increases neuroprotective molecules and protects dopaminergic

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El Safadi, Mahmoud, Katie A. Wilson, Indigo J. Strudwicke, et al. "Amphetamine-like Deferiprone and Clioquinol Derivatives as Iron Chelating Agents." Molecules 29, no. 17 (2024): 4213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174213.

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The accumulation of iron in dopaminergic neurons can cause oxidative stress and dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Iron chelation therapy may reduce dopaminergic neurodegeneration, but chelators should be targeted towards dopaminergic cells. In this work, two series of compounds based on 8-hydroxyquinoline and deferiprone, iron chelators that have amphetamine-like structures, have been designed, synthesized and characterized. Each of these compounds chelated iron ions in aqueous solution. The hydroxyquinoline-based compounds exhibited stronger iron-binding constants than those of the deferipron

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Mesman, Simone, and Marten P. Smidt. "Acquisition of the Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuronal Identity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13 (2020): 4638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134638.

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The mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) group of neurons comprises molecularly distinct subgroups, of which the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are the best known, due to the selective degeneration of the SN during Parkinson’s disease. However, although significant research has been conducted on the molecular build-up of these subsets, much is still unknown about how these subsets develop and which factors are involved in this process. In this review, we aim to describe the life of an mdDA neuron, from specification in the floor plate to differentiation into the differe

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Simon, Christopher, Quan Gan, Premasangery Kathivaloo, et al. "Deciduous DPSCs Ameliorate MPTP-Mediated Neurotoxicity, Sensorimotor Coordination and Olfactory Function in Parkinsonian Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3 (2019): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030568.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder defined by progressive deterioration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been proposed to replace the degenerated dopaminergic neurons due to its inherent neurogenic and regenerative potential. However, the effective delivery and homing of DPSCs within the lesioned brain has been one of the many obstacles faced in cell-based therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. We hypothesized that DPSCs, delivered intranasally, could circumvent these challenges. In the present stud

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Block, M. L., and J. S. Hong. "Chronic microglial activation and progressive dopaminergic neurotoxicity." Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 5 (2007): 1127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0351127.

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PD (Parkinson's disease) is characterized by the selective and progressive loss of DA neurons (dopaminergic neurons) in the substantia nigra. Inflammation and activation of microglia, the resident innate immune cell in the brain, have been strongly linked to neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD. Microglia can respond to immunological stimuli and neuronal death to produce a host of toxic factors, including cytokines and ROS (reactive oxygen species). Microglia can also become persistently activated after a single stimulus and maintain the elevated production of both cytokines and ROS, long af

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Matak, Pavle, Andrija Matak, Sarah Moustafa, et al. "Disrupted iron homeostasis causes dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 13 (2016): 3428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519473113.

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Disrupted brain iron homeostasis is a common feature of neurodegenerative disease. To begin to understand how neuronal iron handling might be involved, we focused on dopaminergic neurons and asked how inactivation of transport proteins affected iron homeostasis in vivo in mice. Loss of the cellular iron exporter, ferroportin, had no apparent consequences. However, loss of transferrin receptor 1, involved in iron uptake, caused neuronal iron deficiency, age-progressive degeneration of a subset of dopaminergic neurons, and motor deficits. There was gradual depletion of dopaminergic projections i

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Mahajani, Sameehan, Anupam Raina, Claudia Fokken, Sebastian Kügler, and Mathias Bähr. "Homogenous generation of dopaminergic neurons from multiple hiPSC lines by transient expression of transcription factors." Cell Death & Disease 10, no. 12 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41419-019-2133-9.

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AbstractA major hallmark of Parkinson's disease is loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The pathophysiological mechanisms causing this relatively selective neurodegeneration are poorly understood, and thus experimental systems allowing to study dopaminergic neuron dysfunction are needed. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiated toward a dopaminergic neuronal phenotype offer a valuable source to generate human dopaminergic neurons. However, currently available protocols result in a highly variable yield of dopaminergic neurons depending on the

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Fitzgerald, Julia C., Ying Sun, Frederek Reinecke, et al. "Interactions of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells and Dopaminergic Neurons in the Mouse Substantia Nigra." Journal of Neurochemistry 169, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.16298.

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ABSTRACTParkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region of the midbrain. Recent genomic and single cell sequencing data identified oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to confer genetic risk in PD, but their biological role is unknown. Although SNpc dopaminergic neurons are scarcely or thinly myelinated, there is a gap in the knowledge concerning the physiological interactions between dopaminergic neurons and oligodendroglia. We sought to investigate the

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Ma, Dingbang, Nicholas Herndon, Jasmine Quynh Le, Katharine C. Abruzzi, Kai Zinn, and Michael Rosbash. "Neural connectivity molecules best identify the heterogeneous clock and dopaminergic cell types in the Drosophila adult brain." Science Advances 9, no. 8 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ade8500.

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Our recent single-cell sequencing of most adult Drosophila circadian neurons indicated notable and unexpected heterogeneity. To address whether other populations are similar, we sequenced a large subset of adult brain dopaminergic neurons. Their gene expression heterogeneity is similar to that of clock neurons, i.e., both populations have two to three cells per neuron group. There was also unexpected cell-specific expression of neuron communication molecule messenger RNAs: G protein–coupled receptor or cell surface molecule (CSM) transcripts alone can define adult brain dopaminergic and circad

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Boissart, Claire, Marie Lasbareilles, Johana Tournois, Laure Chatrousse, Thifaine Poullion, and Alexandra Benchoua. "Identification of signaling pathways modifying human dopaminergic neuron development using a pluripotent stem cell-based high-throughput screening automated system: purinergic pathways as a proof-of-principle." Frontiers in Pharmacology 14 (June 26, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1152180.

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Introduction: Alteration in the development, maturation, and projection of dopaminergic neurons has been proposed to be associated with several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, understanding the signals modulating the genesis of human dopaminergic neurons is crucial to elucidate disease etiology and develop effective countermeasures.Methods: In this study, we developed a screening model using human pluripotent stem cells to identify the modulators of dopaminergic neuron genesis. We set up a differentiation protocol to obtained floorplate midbrain progenitors competent to prod

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Lin, Zhihao, Changzhou Ying, Xiaoli Si, et al. "NOX4 exacerbates Parkinson’s disease pathology by promoting neuronal ferroptosis and neuroinflammation." Neural Regeneration Research, July 10, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01265.

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Abstract Parkinson’s disease is primarily caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta. Ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, plays a vital role in the death of dopaminergic neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in dopaminergic neurons have not yet been completely elucidated. NADPH oxidase 4 is related to oxidative stress, however, whether it regulates dopaminergic neuronal ferroptosis remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether NADPH oxidase 4 i

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