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Journal articles on the topic 'Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 September 2023

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1

Jana, Santanu, Bhupendra B. Srivastava, Somnath Jana, Riya Bose, and Narayan Pradhan. "Multifunctional Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 3, no. 18 (August 29, 2012): 2535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz3010877.

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2

Sarkar, Suresh, Amit K. Guria, Biplab K. Patra, and Narayan Pradhan. "Synthesis and photo-darkening/photo-brightening of blue emitting doped semiconductor nanocrystals." Nanoscale 6, no. 7 (2014): 3786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3nr06048a.

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3

Sercel, Peter C., Andrew Shabaev, and Alexander L. Efros. "Symmetry Breaking Induced Activation of Nanocrystal Optical Transitions." MRS Advances 3, no. 14 (2018): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.19.

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ABSTRACTWe have analysed the effect of symmetry breaking on the optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals due to doping by charged impurities. Using doped CdSe nanocrystals as an example, we show the effects of a Coulomb center on the exciton fine-structure and optical selection rules using symmetry theory and then quantify the effect of symmetry breaking on the exciton fine structure, modelling the charged center using a multipole expansion. The model shows that the presence of a Coulomb center breaks the nanocrystal symmetry and affects its optical properties through mixing and shifting of the hole spin and parity sublevels. This symmetry breaking, particularly for positively charged centers, shortens the radiative lifetime of CdSe nanocrystals even at room temperature, in qualitative agreement with the increase in PL efficiency observed in CdSe nanocrystals doped with positive Ag charge centers [A. Sahu et.al., Nano Lett. 12, 2587, (2012)]. The effect of the charged center on the photoluminescence and the absorption spectra is shown, with and without the presence of compensating charges on the nanocrystal surface. While spectra of individual nanocrystals are expected to shift and broaden with the introduction of a charged center, configuration averaging and inhomogeneous broadening are shown to wash out these effects. The presence of compensating charges at the NC surface also serves to stabilize the band edge transition energies relative to NCs with no charge centers.
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4

Craievich, A. F., O. L. Alves, and L. C. Barbosa. "Formation and Growth of Semiconductor PbTe Nanocrystals in a Borosilicate Glass Matrix." Journal of Applied Crystallography 30, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889897001799.

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Pb- and Te-doped borosilicate glasses are transformed by appropriate heat treatment into a composite material consisting of a vitreous matrix in which semiconductor PbTe nanocrystals are embedded. This composite exhibits interesting non-linear optical properties in the infrared region, in the range 10–20 000 Å. The shape and size distribution of the nanocrystals and the kinetics of their growth were studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) during in situ isothermal treatment at 923 K. The experimental results indicate that nanocrystals are nearly spherical and have an average radius increasing from 16 to 33 Å after 2 h at 923 K, the relative size dispersion being time-invariant and approximately equal to 8%. This investigation demonstrates that the kinetics of nanocrystal growth are governed by the classic mechanism of atomic diffusion. The radius of nanocrystals, deduced by applying the simple Efros & Efros [Sov. Phys. Semicond. (1982), 16, 772–775] model using the energy values corresponding to the exciton peaks of optical absorption spectra, does not agree with the average radius determined by SAXS.
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5

BANFI, G. P., V. DEGIORGIO, D. FORTUSINI, and H. M. TAN. "BELOW BAND-GAP NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTOR-DOPED GLASSES." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 05, no. 02 (April 1996): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863596000167.

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Through nonlinear transmission and wave-mixing measurements. combined with structural data from neutron scattering, we obtain the below band-gap third-order susceptibility χ(3) (both imaginary and real part) and the refractive-index-change per carrier of semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in a glass matrix. Our data covers a range of crystal radii between 2 and 14 nm, and a range of ratios y=Eg /(ħω), where Eg is the energy gap of the semiconductor and ħω is the energy of the incident photon, between 1.1 and 1.9. The magnitude of χ(3) and its dependence on y are comparable to those of related bulk semiconductors.
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6

Pradhan, Narayan, and D. D. Sarma. "Advances in Light-Emitting Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2, no. 21 (October 25, 2011): 2818–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz201132s.

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7

Beaulac, Rémi, Paul I. Archer, and Daniel R. Gamelin. "Luminescence in colloidal Mn2+-doped semiconductor nanocrystals." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 181, no. 7 (July 2008): 1582–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2008.05.001.

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8

Vlaskin, Vladimir A., Nils Janssen, Jos van Rijssel, Rémi Beaulac, and Daniel R. Gamelin. "Tunable Dual Emission in Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Nano Letters 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2010): 3670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl102135k.

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9

Wang, Xianliang, Xin Liu, Dewei Zhu, and Mark T. Swihart. "Controllable conversion of plasmonic Cu2−xS nanoparticles to Au2S by cation exchange and electron beam induced transformation of Cu2−xS–Au2S core/shell nanostructures." Nanoscale 6, no. 15 (2014): 8852–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr02114b.

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Self-doped Cu2−xS plasmonic semiconductor nanocrystals were converted into monodisperse Cu2−xS–Au2S nanocrystals of tunable composition, including pure Au2S, by cation exchange.
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10

Ochsenbein, Stefan T., Yong Feng, Kelly M. Whitaker, Ekaterina Badaeva, William K. Liu, Xiaosong Li, and Daniel R. Gamelin. "Charge-controlled magnetism in colloidal doped semiconductor nanocrystals." Nature Nanotechnology 4, no. 10 (August 16, 2009): 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.221.

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11

Verma, Prabhat, W. Cordts, G. Irmer, and J. Monecke. "Acoustic vibrations of semiconductor nanocrystals in doped glasses." Physical Review B 60, no. 8 (August 15, 1999): 5778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.60.5778.

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12

Sarma, D. D., Ranjani Viswanatha, Sameer Sapra, Ankita Prakash, and M. García-Hernández. "Magnetic Properties of Doped II–VI Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 5, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 1503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2005.322.

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13

Pradhan, Narayan. "Mn-Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals: 25 Years and Beyond." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 10, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 2574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01107.

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14

Liu, Siyu, and Xingguang Su. "The synthesis and application of doped semiconductor nanocrystals." Analytical Methods 5, no. 18 (2013): 4541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ay40411k.

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15

Viswanatha, Ranjani, David M. Battaglia, Mark E. Curtis, Tetsuya D. Mishima, Matthew B. Johnson, and Xiaogang Peng. "Shape control of doped semiconductor nanocrystals (d-dots)." Nano Research 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2008): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12274-008-8016-5.

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16

Chitkara, Mansi, Karamjit Singh, Tinu Bansal, I. S. Sandhu, and H. S. Bhatti. "Photo-Catalytic Activity of Quencher Impurity Doped ZnS Nanocrystals." Advanced Materials Research 93-94 (January 2010): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.93-94.288.

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Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor nanocrystals seem to be good candidates for modern era optoelectronic and photo-catalytic applications due to their size tunable photo-physical and photo-chemical properties. In the present investigation, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) capped quencher impurity (Ni) doped ZnS nanocrystals have been synthesized using facile bottom-up synthesis technique; colloidal chemical co-precipitation method. Crystallographic and morphological characterization of synthesized nanomaterials have been carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. Photo-catalytic activity of the synthesized nanomaterials has been studied using methylene blue (MB) dye as a test contaminant. Photo-catalytic behavior dependence on dopant concentration, UV radiation curing and annealing of synthesized semiconductor nanomaterials have been studied in detail under sun light exposure.
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17

Gayou, V. L., B. Salazar-Hernández, M. Rojas-López, C. Zúñiga Islas, and Jorge Antonio Ascencio. "Study of Fluorescence of Yttrium Doped Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles." Journal of Nano Research 9 (February 2010): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.9.139.

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Doped ZnS nanocrystals have attracted attention since 1994. Previous results suggest that doped semiconductor nanocrystals form a new class of luminescent materials, which have a wide range of applications in displays, lighting, sensors and lasers. In this work we synthesized Y3+ doped ZnS nanoparticles by a chemical precipitation method. The reaction was performed with ZnSO4, Na2S, phosphates and Yttrium acetate in aqueous solution. Fluorescence (FL) studies of these nanoparticles have been carried out. FL analysis reveals that the incorporation of Yttrium and phosphates to colloidal solution of ZnS nanoparticles enhances the FL signal by 6-7 times of magnitude compared with uncapped ZnS nanoparticles.
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18

Mushonga, Paul, Martin O. Onani, Abram M. Madiehe, and Mervin Meyer. "Indium Phosphide-Based Semiconductor Nanocrystals and Their Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/869284.

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Semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) are nanometer-sized fluorescent materials with optical properties that can be fine-tuned by varying the core size or growing a shell around the core. They have recently found wide use in the biological field which has further enhanced their importance. This review focuses on the synthesis of indium phosphide (InP) colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals. The two synthetic techniques, namely, the hot-injection and heating-up methods are discussed. Different types of the InP-based QDs involving their use as core, core/shell, alloyed, and doped systems are reviewed. The use of inorganic shells for surface passivation is also highlighted. The paper is concluded by some highlights of the applications of these systems in biological studies.
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19

Akshay, V. R., B. Arun, Shubhra Dash, Ajit K. Patra, Guruprasad Mandal, Geeta R. Mutta, Anupama Chanda, and M. Vasundhara. "Defect mediated mechanism in undoped, Cu and Zn-doped TiO2 nanocrystals for tailoring the band gap and magnetic properties." RSC Advances 8, no. 73 (2018): 41994–2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07287f.

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Oxide based dilute magnetic semiconductor materials are of great interest and this study focusses on the optical and magnetic behavior of non-magnetic element doped TiO2 nanocrystals which provides a significant reduction in bandgap with enhanced magnetization.
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20

Chen, Ting, K. V. Reich, Nicolaas J. Kramer, Han Fu, Uwe R. Kortshagen, and B. I. Shklovskii. "Metal–insulator transition in films of doped semiconductor nanocrystals." Nature Materials 15, no. 3 (November 30, 2015): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat4486.

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21

Ekimov, A. I. "Optical properties of oxide glasses doped by semiconductor nanocrystals." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 134, no. 1-4 (December 1995): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420159508227177.

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22

Nataraj, Latha, Aaron Jackson, Lily Giri, Terrill Atwater, Clifford Hubbard, and Mark Bundy. "Synthesis and Characterization of Doped Group-IV Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 6, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 502–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2014.1797.

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23

Tanaka, Masanori. "Photoluminescence properties of Mn2+-doped II–VI semiconductor nanocrystals." Journal of Luminescence 100, no. 1-4 (December 2002): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2313(02)00448-9.

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24

Kriegel, Ilka, Francesco Scotognella, and Liberato Manna. "Plasmonic doped semiconductor nanocrystals: Properties, fabrication, applications and perspectives." Physics Reports 674 (February 2017): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2017.01.003.

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25

Miyoshi, Tadaki, Yoshitaka Araki, Ken-ichi Towata, Hirobumi Matsuki, and Naoto Matsuo. "Photoinduced Formation of Semiconductor Nanocrystals in CdS-Doped Glasses." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 35, Part 1, No. 2A (February 15, 1996): 593–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.35.593.

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26

Zhang, Hui, Vikram Kulkarni, Emil Prodan, Peter Nordlander, and Alexander O. Govorov. "Theory of Quantum Plasmon Resonances in Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 118, no. 29 (July 9, 2014): 16035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp5046035.

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27

Luo, Wenqin, Yongsheng Liu, and Xueyuan Chen. "Lanthanide-doped semiconductor nanocrystals: electronic structures and optical properties." Science China Materials 58, no. 10 (October 2015): 819–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40843-015-0091-9.

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28

Pradhan, Narayan, Samrat Das Adhikari, Angshuman Nag, and D. D. Sarma. "Luminescence, Plasmonic, and Magnetic Properties of Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 56, no. 25 (May 23, 2017): 7038–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201611526.

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29

Chen, Hsiang-Yun, and Dong Hee Son. "Energy and Charge Transfer Dynamics in Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Israel Journal of Chemistry 52, no. 11-12 (December 2012): 1016–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201200065.

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30

Fairclough, Simon M., Peter N. Taylor, Charles T. Smith, Pip C. J. Clark, Stefan Skalsky, Ruben Ahumada‐Lazo, Edward A. Lewis, et al. "Photo‐ and Electroluminescence from Zn‐Doped InN Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Advanced Optical Materials 8, no. 18 (June 15, 2020): 2000604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.202000604.

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31

Meng, Lingju, and Xihua Wang. "Doping Colloidal Quantum Dot Materials and Devices for Photovoltaics." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 27, 2022): 2458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072458.

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Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have generated tremendous interest because of their solution processability and robust tunability. Among such nanocrystals, the colloidal quantum dot (CQD) draws the most attention for its well-known quantum size effects. In the last decade, applications of CQDs have been booming in electronics and optoelectronics, especially in photovoltaics. Electronically doped semiconductors are critical in the fabrication of solar cells, because carefully designed band structures are able to promote efficient charge extraction. Unlike conventional semiconductors, diffusion and ion implantation technologies are not suitable for doping CQDs. Therefore, researchers have creatively developed alternative doping methods for CQD materials and devices. In order to provide a state-of-the-art summary and comprehensive understanding to this research community, we focused on various doping techniques and their applications for photovoltaics and demystify them from different perspectives. By analyzing two classes of CQDs, lead chalcogenide CQDs and perovskite CQDs, we compared different working scenarios of each technique, summarized the development in this field, and raised our own future perspectives.
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32

Kim, Jihye, Dongsun Choi, and Kwang Seob Jeong. "Self-doped colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals with intraband transitions in steady state." Chemical Communications 54, no. 61 (2018): 8435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc02488j.

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33

Tian, Xiangling, Rongfei Wei, Dandan Yang, and Jianrong Qiu. "Paradoxical combination of saturable absorption and reverse-saturable absorption in plasmon semiconductor nanocrystals." Nanoscale Advances 2, no. 4 (2020): 1676–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9na00694j.

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The competition between plasma ground-state bleaching and three-photon absorption is demonstrated to be responsible for the transition between saturable absorption and reverse saturable absorption in aluminum-doped ZnO nanocrystals.
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34

Peng, Xuan, Fujin Ai, Li Yan, Enna Ha, Xin Hu, Shuqing He, and Junqing Hu. "Synthesis strategies and biomedical applications for doped inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals." Cell Reports Physical Science 2, no. 5 (May 2021): 100436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100436.

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35

Yang, Heesun, Swadeshmukul Santra, and Paul H. Holloway. "Syntheses and Applications of Mn-Doped II-VI Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 5, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 1364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2005.308.

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36

Garcia, Guillermo, Raffaella Buonsanti, Evan L. Runnerstrom, Rueben J. Mendelsberg, Anna Llordes, Andre Anders, Thomas J. Richardson, and Delia J. Milliron. "Dynamically Modulating the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Nano Letters 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2011): 4415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl202597n.

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37

Pradhan, Narayan. "Red-Tuned Mn d-d Emission in Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals." ChemPhysChem 17, no. 8 (January 13, 2016): 1087–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201500953.

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38

Kumar, Prem Shankar, Ravi Ranjan, and Arvind Kumar. "Dependence of Quantum Yield for Periodic Array of Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Bulletin of Pure & Applied Sciences- Physics 39d, no. 2 (2020): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-3218.2020.00032.9.

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39

Mendelsberg, Rueben J., Guillermo Garcia, Hongbo Li, Liberato Manna, and Delia J. Milliron. "Understanding the Plasmon Resonance in Ensembles of Degenerately Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 116, no. 22 (May 25, 2012): 12226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp302732s.

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40

White, Michael A., Amanda L. Weaver, Rémi Beaulac, and Daniel R. Gamelin. "Electrochemically Controlled Auger Quenching of Mn2+ Photoluminescence in Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals." ACS Nano 5, no. 5 (April 11, 2011): 4158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn200889q.

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41

Freyer, Abigail R., Peter C. Sercel, Zhentao Hou, Benjamin H. Savitzky, Lena F. Kourkoutis, Alexander L. Efros, and Todd D. Krauss. "Explaining the Unusual Photoluminescence of Semiconductor Nanocrystals Doped via Cation Exchange." Nano Letters 19, no. 7 (June 14, 2019): 4797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02284.

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42

Liu, Yongsheng, Wenqin Luo, Haomiao Zhu, and Xueyuan Chen. "Optical spectroscopy of lanthanides doped in wide band-gap semiconductor nanocrystals." Journal of Luminescence 131, no. 3 (March 2011): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2010.07.018.

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43

Liu, Li, Maomin Peng, Hong Xia, and Nan Li. "Key factors in the stability of doped ZnSe:Mn@MPA semiconductor nanocrystals." Chemical Physics Letters 730 (September 2019): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2019.06.049.

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44

Chen, Hsiang-Yun, Tai-Yen Chen, and Dong Hee Son. "Measurement of Energy Transfer Time in Colloidal Mn-Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114, no. 10 (March 18, 2010): 4418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp100352m.

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45

Lipatiev, A. S., G. Yu Shakhgildyan, M. P. Vetchinnikov, S. V. Lotarev, and V. N. Sigaev. "Laser-assisted formation of luminescent domains in metal- or semiconductor-doped silicate and phosphate glasses." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2015, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2015/1/012163.

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Abstract In this study, silicate and phosphate glasses doped with Ag or CdS were exposed to femtosecond laser pulses and photoluminescence properties of the laser-written domains were investigated. Laser writing in phosphate glass doped with CdS was found to induce very weak photoluminescence, while laser-written domains in silicate glass had a comparatively high photoluminescence intensity, that was assigned to the formation of the sulphur vacancies in the CdS nanocrystals precipitated under the ultrafast laser pulses. Observed photoluminescence bands in Ag-containing glasses we assigned to the formation of different silver nanospecies which provide photoluminescence bands with the maxima at 685 and 600 nm in Ag-doped silicate and phosphate glasses, respectively.
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46

Akshay, V. R., B. Arun, Guruprasad Mandal, and M. Vasundhara. "Impact of Mn-dopant concentration in observing narrowing of band-gap, urbach tail and paramagnetism in anatase TiO2 nanocrystals." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 37 (2019): 14786–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj02884f.

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47

Apretna, Thibault, Sylvain Massabeau, Charlie Gréboval, Nicolas Goubet, Jérôme Tignon, Sukhdeep Dhillon, Francesca Carosella, Robson Ferreira, Emmanuel Lhuillier, and Juliette Mangeney. "Few picosecond dynamics of intraband transitions in THz HgTe nanocrystals." Nanophotonics 10, no. 10 (July 21, 2021): 2753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0249.

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Abstract Optoelectronic devices based on intraband or intersublevel transitions in semiconductors are important building blocks of the current THz technology. Large nanocrystals (NCs) of Mercury telluride (HgTe) are promising semiconductor candidates owing to their intraband absorption peak tunable from 60 THz to 4 THz. However, the physical nature of this THz absorption remains elusive as, in this spectral range, quantum confinement and Coulomb repulsion effects can coexist. Further, the carrier dynamics at low energy in HgTe NCs, which strongly impact the performances of THz optoelectronic devices, is still unexplored. Here, we demonstrate a broad THz absorption resonance centered at ≈4.5 THz and fully interpret its characteristics with a quantum model describing multiple intraband transitions of single carriers between quantized states. Our analysis reveals the absence of collective excitations in the THz optical response of these self-doped large NCs. Furthermore, using optical pump-THz probe experiments, we report on carrier dynamics at low energy as long as 6 ps in these self-doped THz HgTe NCs. We highlight evidence that Auger recombination is irrelevant in this system and attribute the main carrier recombination process to direct energy transfer from the electronic transition to the ligand vibrational modes and to nonradiative recombination assisted by surface traps. Our study opens interesting perspectives for the use of large HgTe NCs for the development of advanced THz optoelectronic devices such as emitters and detectors and for quantum engineering at THz frequencies.
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48

Liu, Xin, and Mark T. Swihart. "Heavily-doped colloidal semiconductor and metal oxide nanocrystals: an emerging new class of plasmonic nanomaterials." Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, no. 11 (2014): 3908–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60417a.

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49

Erce-Montilla, R., M. PiÑero, N. de la Rosa-Fox, A. Santos, and L. Esquivias. "Control growth of PbS quantum dots doped sono-ormosil." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 9 (September 2001): 2572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0353.

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Semiconductor PbS quantum dots doped-SiO2 organically modified silicate (ormosil) gels were synthesised via sol-gel by using high-power ultrasounds (sonogel). The effect of PbS crystal concentration and the addition of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane acting as surface capping agent (SCA) were investigated. By adjustment of the SCA to lead ratio, PbS nanoparticles of different sizes and morphologies were obtained. Textural parameters were calculated from N2 physisorption isotherms. The PbS galena phase was identified by x-ray diffraction, the crystal size by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the exciton confinement by ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared spectrophotometry. Crystallite mean sizes of spheres and cubes ranging from 6.5 to 10.5 nm and needles 7-nm wide and 15–20 nm long, for different PbS and SCA concentrations, were obtained. These results differ from those predicted by the effective mass approximation corroborating the band gap modifications in the smallest nanocrystals. The method allows the control of the crystal size and improves the stabilization of the PbS nanocrystals.
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Guria, Amit K., and Narayan Pradhan. "Doped or Not Doped: Ionic Impurities for Influencing the Phase and Growth of Semiconductor Nanocrystals." Chemistry of Materials 28, no. 15 (July 22, 2016): 5224–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02009.

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